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DR A Sahu Dept of Computer Science & Engineering Engineering IIT Guwahati

This document discusses various aspects of computer peripherals and displays. It covers topics like 7-segment displays, character displays, graphics monitors, keyboards, interfaces between hardware and software, data transfer modes, and graphics processing units. It provides details on how different types of displays like LED, character, and graphics monitors work, along with examples of code to interface with peripherals and display data.

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Mohammad Seemab Aslam
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23 views32 pages

DR A Sahu Dept of Computer Science & Engineering Engineering IIT Guwahati

This document discusses various aspects of computer peripherals and displays. It covers topics like 7-segment displays, character displays, graphics monitors, keyboards, interfaces between hardware and software, data transfer modes, and graphics processing units. It provides details on how different types of displays like LED, character, and graphics monitors work, along with examples of code to interface with peripherals and display data.

Uploaded by

Mohammad Seemab Aslam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DrASahu

DeptofComputerScience&
Engineering Engineering
IITGuwahati
Peripheralcommunications
Display
LEDDisplay
Decoder
Generic model Genericmodel
Interfacing
CharacterDisplayMonitor p y
Decoder
GenericModel
G hi i Graphicsmonitor
Whygraphics?VectorVsRaster
Keyboard type and Interfaces KeyboardtypeandInterfaces
R
Processor
R
A
M
Peripherals:HDmonitor,5.1speaker
Interfaces : Intermediate Hardware Interfaces:IntermediateHardware
Nvidia GPUcard,CreativeSoundBlastercard
Interfaces : Intermediate Software/Program Interfaces:IntermediateSoftware/Program
Nvidia GPUdriver,SoundBlasterDriversoftware
TransmissionController:
MPU control Device Control (DMA) MPUcontrol,DeviceControl(DMA)
TypeofIOmapping
Peripheral (IN/Out) Memory mapped IO (LD/ST MV) Peripheral(IN/Out),MemorymappedIO(LD/ST,MV)
Formatofcommunication
S h (T & R ith l k) A h Synchronous (T&Rsyncwithclock),Asynchronous
ModeofDataTransfer
P ll l S i l (UART) Parallel,Serial(UART)
Conditionfordatatransfer
d lli d i l d h k Uncond.,Polling,Interrupt,Readysignal,Handshake
7 Seg 9 Seg 16 Seg 3x5 DotMatix 5x7 9x11 7Seg 9Seg 16Seg 3x5DotMatix 5x79x11
DotMatrixDisplayPanel
25x80charactermonitor
Di l
Data
ASCII/BCD
Decoder
Or
Memory
Display
Monitor/LEDs
TimetoDecode TimetoDisplay
Data to 7 Segment Decoder Datato7SegmentDecoder
a
a
D 1
1
0
1
1
b
f
Common
Cathode
b
f
g
C
B
A
0
0
0
0
1
1
5
5v
1
1
1
5
5v
c
e
g
c
e
d
LT
RBI
BI
5V
1
0
1
5V
1
1
1
d
BI
Decoder
RBO
Data to 7 Segment Decoder Datato7SegmentDecoder
Blank Blank
abcdefg
DCBA
RBIRBO
abcdefg
DCBA
RBIRBO
abcdefg
DCBA
RBIRBO
abcdefg
DCBA
RBIRBO
abcdefg
DCBA
RBIRBO
5V
1 0 0 1 1
0000 0000 0011 0000 0111
40Bitdataline
2
0
1
2
3
4
Mod5
Counter
8Bitdataline
Data1 Data1
Data2 Data2
Data3 Data3
Data4 Data4
Data0
7SegmentDecoder
RAM
590
1:NDecoder
Counter
Write a program to display contents of B C D WriteaprogramtodisplaycontentsofB,C,D
andEregistertoLEDdisplay
Write to buffer memory to display to 7 Seg Writetobuffermemorytodisplayto7Seg.
LEDs
U dd FC H FD H FE H d FF H UseaddressFCH,FDH,FEHandFFHto
display
Ctr
A
7
A
6
A
5
A
4
CS WR RD
4
A
3
A
2
LEDs
Buffer
Memory
Address
line
MPU
A
1
A
0
Data
lines 7Seg.
Decoder
74LS373
LE
D
7
D
6
D
5
Decoder
74LS373
Latches
D
4
D
3
D
2
D
1
D
0
IO/M IO/M
RD
WR
Interface program to Display content of B C D InterfaceprogramtoDisplaycontentofB,C,D
andEafter1SecDelay
DIS: MVI A,B
OUT FCH
MVI A C MVI A,C
OUT FDH
MVI A,D
OUT FEH OUT FEH
MVI A,E
OUT FFH
CALLDELAY;1secdelay y
JMPDIS;
Row
Ctr
Col
Ctr
CLK>50Hzx25x80
0 1 2 3 4 .. 78 79
C A T
F I R E
01234..7879
0
1
2
25x80charactermonitor
23
24
A
Decoder
Or
ROM
Decoded
Bit
A
ROM
Memory
Bits
Counter
When
C=0
Ready
CS WR
CharFrame
Buffer
Memory
Address
line
StreamBuffer
dd ( )
Data
lines
Address(r,c)
DelayofMonitoris1/50Sec,AfterEvery50
Seconditmakesready
F t b ff it it t F b ff ft FromstreambufferitwritestoFramebufferafter
gettingcommand.(Flushstreamcommand)
LEDisveryhighspeed
You can write to LEDs at very high speed YoucanwritetoLEDsatveryhighspeed
Displaymeantfortoseesomething(Isitgood?)
30 F /S i h h f 30Frames/Secismorethenenoughfor
humaneye(>30blinkmakehumaneyeFixed)
Noofblink>30Hz
HumancannotdifferentiateON/OFFstate,itwill
beseenASONstate
Videodisplaymakedefault3060Frame/Sec
Monitorrunatspeed3060Frame/Sec
Speed is fixed (60Frame/Sec) Speedisfixed(60Frame/Sec)
f or ( i =0; i <10000; i ++) { ( ; ; ) {
pr i nt f ( Hel l oWor l d) ;
}
$ $a.out
$a.out >outputfile
$a.out >/dev/null
Chardisplay(80x25char,5x7pixel=400x175)
CRTMonitor(400x600,640x480,600x800)
LCD Monitor (1024x768 1280x1024 ) LCDMonitor(1024x768,1280x1024,)
Graphicsvisuallymoreappealing
DisplayLine,Circle,Rectangle,Curve,Polygon
Characterusingthisprimitives
Truetypefont
REDARROW
Circle Circle
Row
Ctr
Col
Ctr
CLK>1024x768x50Hz
0 1 2 3 4 .. 1023 01234..1023
0
1
2
1024x768PixelLCD
767
8x3=24Bits
FrameBuffer
R B G
Refreshscreen50timeaSec
PixelsinFrame
Buffer
1BitPerPixels
Pixelson
theScreen
Graphical representation of 1 bit color Graphicalrepresentationof1bitcolor
PixelsinFrame
Buffer
15BitPerPixels
Pixelson
theScreen
Graphicalrepresentationof15bitcolor p p
PixelsinFrame
Buffer
24BitPerPixels
Pixelson
theScreen
Graphicalrepresentationof24bitcolor p p
1 bitcolor 8bitcolor 16bitcolor
Vectorgraphics: g p
Usegeometricalprimitivesbased
onmathematicalequations,to
represent images in computer representimagesincomputer
graphics
Points,Lines,Curve,shapesor
Polygons Polygons
RasterGraphics:Complementary
toVectorGraphics p
Representationofimagesasan
arrayofpixels
photographic images photographicimages
StoretheprimitivesintheFILE
Word,Photoshop,Xfig,GNUPlot,PS,HTMLTag
Raster:StorethePixelvaluesintheFILE
BMP,PNG,JPG
Atruntime,processtheprimitiveand At runtime, process the primitive and
generatePixeltorasterthescreen(Display)
Who do this? Whodothis?
Software
GPU (hardware accelerated routine) GPU(hardwareacceleratedroutine)
Computerfontformats:TrueTypeFont
Where each letter is created from Bzier curves WhereeachletteriscreatedfromBzier curves
Manyvarietiesoffontforacharacter
Units
Pointswithunit
andcurve
properties are propertiesare
stored
GPU:specializedprocessorthataccelerates
3Dor2Dgraphicsprimitivesoperations
LotsofFloatingpointoperations g p p
AcceleratesPrimitives
Line circle polygon mesh projection sphere Line,circle,polygon,mesh,projection,sphere,
3Dapplication
3DAPI:
OpenGL
/
3DAPICommands
CPU GPU B d
/ DirectX/3D
CPUGPUBoundary
GPUCommand
&DataStream
Assembled
Pixel
i
Pixel
U d t
GPU
Command
Primitive
Assembly
Rastereisation
Interpolation
Raster
Operation
Frame
Buffer
VertexIndex
Stream
Assembled
polygon,line
&points
Location
Stream
Updates
Command
y p p
Programmable
Programmable
Transformed
Fragments
Rastorized
Pretransformed
Fragments
transformed
Vertices
Pretransformed
Vertices
Programmable
Fragment
Processors
Programmable
Vertex
Processor
Memory
Vertices
( )
y
System
Vertex
(x,y,z)
Vertex
Vertex
Processing
Shadder
Pi l
y
Texture
Memory
Pixel
Processing
Pixel
Shadder
Frame
Buffer
Pixel
R G B R,G,B
RSGaonkar,MicroprocessorArchitecture,UnitIIpreface,
Chapter14and17 p

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