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    Particle Physics

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    Said Alauddeen Faisz
    The document outlines an agenda for a particle physics seminar, including presentations and discussions on fundamental particles and the forces between them. It provides information on quarks, leptons, antimatter, and the four fundamental forces. Researchers use particle accelerators to collide beams of particles at high energies and study the products to learn about elementary particles and test theories like the Standard Model.

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Particle Physics

    Uploaded by

    Said Alauddeen Faisz
    43 views23 pages
    The document outlines an agenda for a particle physics seminar, including presentations and discussions on fundamental particles and the forces between them. It provides information on quarks, leptons, antimatter, and the four fundamental forces. Researchers use particle accelerators to collide beams of particles at high energies and study the products to learn about elementary particles and test theories like the Standard Model.

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    The document outlines an agenda for a particle physics seminar, including presentations and discussions on fundamental particles and the forces between them. It provides information on quarks, leptons, antimatter, and the four fundamental forces. Researchers use particle accelerators to collide beams of particles at high energies and study the products to learn about elementary particles and test theories like the Standard Model.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    43 views23 pages

    Particle Physics

    Uploaded by

    Said Alauddeen Faisz
    The document outlines an agenda for a particle physics seminar, including presentations and discussions on fundamental particles and the forces between them. It provides information on quarks, leptons, antimatter, and the four fundamental forces. Researchers use particle accelerators to collide beams of particles at high energies and study the products to learn about elementary particles and test theories like the Standard Model.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 23
    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that matter is made up of atoms, which contain protons, neutrons and electrons, and these are made up of even smaller particles called quarks. Particle physics studies these fundamental particles and their interactions.

    The main components that make up matter are atoms, which contain a nucleus with protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons.

    The fundamental particles that make up matter are quarks and leptons.

    Todays Agenda

    Particle Physics
    8:30-9:30 Dr. Hairs presents on Particle Physics
    9:30-11:30 Students research topics
    11:30-12 Lunch (here or caf)
    12-12:30 Dessert with Prof. Smith (be on time!)
    12:30-1 Prof. Smith presents
    1-2 Questions and Answers

    Particle Physics:
    What makes up matter?
    Atoms
    Nucleus Electrons
    Protons
    Neutrons
    Quarks
    up, down
    How big are they?
    Scale of the Universe: http://scaleofuniverse.com/
    Is that all the particles? NO!
    Ordinary matter is composed of a
    limited set of the possible particles.
    They are part of larger families of particles
    that are found at higher energies.
    These particles are important in
    understanding the early universe, just after
    the big bang.

    What are the families?


    The fundamental,
    indivisible particles of
    matter are quarks and
    leptons.
    One example:
    Detecting Neutrinos
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aMnGWqoDaAA
    The Standard Model describes fundamental
    particles and the forces between them
    A true
    Particle
    Zoo!
    Matter and Antimatter
    Every particle has
    an antiparticle with
    the same mass and
    opposite charge and
    other characteristic.
    Matter-Antimatter pairs
    are created from photons
    2 Gamma Rays ! Electron + Positron

    E = mc
    2

    Matter-Antimatter pairs combine


    and annihilate each other
    Electron + Positron ! 2 Gamma Rays
    E = mc
    2

    What forces hold matter together?


    Gravity
    All masses attract one another
    Decreases with square of distance
    Very weak, except when masses are very large
    Electroweak Force
    Electrical and magnetic attractions and repulsions
    Weak nuclear force acts in some nuclear decays
    Strong Nuclear Force or Color Force
    Holds quarks together to make protons and neutrons
    Holds neutrons and protons together to make the
    nucleus
    Force Carriers
    Each type of attraction between two
    particles can be described as an exchange of
    a force carrier particle.
    Force Force Carrier
    Gravity Graviton
    (theoretical)
    Electrical Force Photon
    Weak Force W
    +
    W
    -
    Z Bosons
    Strong Nuclear
    Force
    Gluon
    How does this relate to the Big Bang?
    As expansion
    and cooling happen

    The 4 forces are


    distinguished.

    The different types of


    particles form.
    Lets try to gure this out!
    Particle Party Mixer:
    Use the Particle Families chart to gure out YOUR kind of particle.
    How do fundamental particles
    combine?
    Hadrons = made of 2+ quarks
    held together by the
    strong nuclear force

    Meson = quark + antiquark

    Baryon = three quark combo

    There are a dizzying number of


    possible combinations!
    Fermilab Particle Game:
    baryon bonanza

    How do scientists learn about


    elementary particles?
    Particle accelerators produce very fast-moving beams of particles.
    Beams of particles collide with high energy.
    Detectors observe the products of their nuclear reactions.
    Linear accelerators are linear and cyclotrons are circular.
    Accelerators were used to discover various quarks and are now
    searching for the Higgs Boson.
    A Cylcotron Accelerator
    "Inside
    Outside !
    Fermilab
    An inside look at the LHC
    More Questions to Research
    What is the Higgs Boson and how are scientists learning about it?

    What are matter and antimatter? How were they created in the big
    bang?

    How were quarks discovered? Who thought them up?

    What kinds of experiments are done in a particle accelerator?

    What are neutrinos and how were they discovered?

    What are the color charges of quarks and how do they describe the
    strong force?

    http://www.ipp.phys.ethz.ch/aboutus/?le=institut
    www2.slac.stanford.edu/ vvc/experiments/slc.html
    http://www.particlezoo.net/particle_splash.jpg
    http://www.pbs.org/kcet/wiredscience/video/166-experiment_cave.html
    http://e4.physik.uni-dortmund.de/pub/ATLAS/SmBilderPhotoarchive/SM-Zoo.jpg
    abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ ast123/lectures/lec20.html
    www.physics.ox.ac.uk/.../ Proton_Innere.jpg
    http://www.scifun.ed.ac.uk/card/images/left/proton.jpg
    conferences.fnal.gov/.../ neutrinos/index.html
    http://ed.fnal.gov/projects/labyrinth/games/lawnorder/standard_model/activity.html
    http://mrssion.com/db3/00259/mrssion.com/_uimages/cyclotron2.gif
    http://www.fnal.gov/pub/inquiring/physics/accelerators/99-912-12.jpg
    http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap080225.html
    http://icecube.wisc.edu/gallery/view/140

    Einsteins Relativity and the Quantum Revolution, audio book,


    Richard Wolfson, The Teaching Company, 2000.

    http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/particles/parcon.html
    Sources

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