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Bubble Sort

Bubble sort is a simple sorting algorithm where each pair of adjacent elements is compared and elements are swapped if they are in reverse order. It has an average and worst-case time complexity of O(n2) making it inefficient for large data sets. Bubble sort is stable, adaptive, and its performance depends on the initial order of elements.

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Rollin Revie
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265 views6 pages

Bubble Sort

Bubble sort is a simple sorting algorithm where each pair of adjacent elements is compared and elements are swapped if they are in reverse order. It has an average and worst-case time complexity of O(n2) making it inefficient for large data sets. Bubble sort is stable, adaptive, and its performance depends on the initial order of elements.

Uploaded by

Rollin Revie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Bubble Sort

Bubble sort is a simple and well-known sorting algorithm. It is used in practice once in
a blue moon and its main application is to make an introduction to the sorting
algorithms. Bubble sort belongs to O(n
2
) sorting algorithms, which makes it quite
inefficient for sorting large data olumes. Bubble sort is stable and adaptive.
Algorithm
!. "ompare each pair of ad#acent elements from the beginning of an arra$ and, if
the$ are in reersed order, swap them.
2. If at least one swap has been done, repeat step !.
%ou can imagine that on eer$ step big bubbles float to the surface and sta$ there. &t
the step, when no bubble moes, sorting stops. 'et us see an e(ample of sorting an
arra$ to make the idea of bubble sort clearer.
Example. )ort *+, !, !2, -+, !,- using bubble sort.
Complexity analysis
&erage and worst case comple(it$ of bubble sort is O(n
2
). &lso, it makes O(n
2
) swaps
in the worst case. Bubble sort is adaptie. It means that for almost sorted arra$ it gies
O(n) estimation. &oid implementations, which don.t check if the arra$ is alread$
sorted on eer$ step (an$ swaps made). /his check is necessar$, in order to presere
adaptie propert$.
Turtles and rabbits
One more problem of bubble sort is that its running time badl$ depends on the initial
order of the elements. Big elements (rabbits) go up fast, while small ones (turtles) go
down er$ slow. /his problem is soled in the "ocktail sort.
Turtle example. /hought, arra$ *2, 0, 1, +, !- is almost sorted, it takes O(n
2
) iterations
to sort an arra$. 2lement *!- is a turtle.
Rabbit example. &rra$ *,, !, 2, 0, 1, +- is almost sorted too, but it takes O(n)
iterations to sort it. 2lement *,- is a rabbit. /his e(ample demonstrates adaptie
propert$ of the bubble sort.
Code snippets
/here are seeral wa$s to implement the bubble sort. 3otice, that 4swaps4 check is
absolutel$ necessar$, in order to presere adaptie propert$.
Java
public void bubbleSort(int[] arr) {
boolean swapped = true;
int j = 0;
int tmp;
while (swapped) {
swapped = false;
j++;
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length j; i++)
{
if (arr[i] ! arr[i + "]) {
tmp = arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[i + "];
arr[i + "] = tmp;
swapped = true;
#
#
#
#
C++
$oid bubbleSort(int arr[]% int n) {
bool swapped = true;
int j = 0;
int tmp;
while (swapped) {
swapped = &alse;
j++;
&or (int i = 0; i < n j; i++) {
i& (arr[i] ! arr[i + "]) {
tmp = arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[i + "];
arr[i + "] = tmp;
swapped = true;
#
#
#
#

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