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Tutorial 2 Mal101

This document contains a series of problems involving linear algebra concepts such as linear independence, subspaces, bases, and linear transformations. The problems cover topics like describing subsets geometrically, determining if sets are linearly independent or dependent, finding coordinates with respect to different bases, properties of subspaces, direct sums, and determining if mappings represent linear transformations.

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Marcus Simmons
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60 views1 page

Tutorial 2 Mal101

This document contains a series of problems involving linear algebra concepts such as linear independence, subspaces, bases, and linear transformations. The problems cover topics like describing subsets geometrically, determining if sets are linearly independent or dependent, finding coordinates with respect to different bases, properties of subspaces, direct sums, and determining if mappings represent linear transformations.

Uploaded by

Marcus Simmons
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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13

MAL101:: Tutorial 2 :: Linear Algebra


Notation: F = R or C, P
n
:= {f F[x] : deg f < n}
(1) Suppose v
1
= (1, 2) v
2
= (0, 1) R
2
.
(a) Describe geometrically the subsets W
1
:= {tv
1
: t R}, W
2
:= {tv
2
: t R},
W
3
:= {sv
1
+ tv
2
: s, t R} and W
4
:= {sv
1
+ tv
2
: 0 s, t 1}.
(b) Which of W
1
, W
2
, W
3
, W
4
are subspaces of R
2
? Justify your answer in each case.
(c) Show that {v
1
, v
2
} is a linearly independent subset of R
2
.
(d) Suppose v
3
= (2, 3). Is {v
1
, v
2
, v
3
} linearly independent?
(2) Suppose V := C
2
is the complex vector space (over C) under component-wise addition.
(a) Show that {(1 +i, 2), (2, 1)} is linearly independent.
(b) Show that {(1, 2), (0, i), (i, 1 i)} is linearly dependent.
(c) Show that every ordered pair can be written as a linear combination of v
1
= (1 +i, 2) and
v
2
= (2, 1). Also show that up to change of order (of v
1
and v
2
) such a linear combination
is unique (for each ordered pair).
(d) Show that every ordered pair can be written as a linear combination of v
1
= (1, 2), v
2
=
(0, i), v
3
= (i, 1 i) in more than one ways.
(3) Show that X = {(1 + i, 1 i), (1 i, 1 + i), (2, i), (3, 2i)} is linearly independent in C
2
(R).
Express (a + ib, c + id) as an R-linear combination of vectors belonging to X.
(4) Let V be a vector space over F. Show that u, v, w V are linearly independent if and only if
u + v, v + w, w + u are linearly independent.
(5) (a) Find the coordinates of (a, b, c) R
3
relative to the ordered basis {(1, 0, 0), (1, 1, 0), (1, 1, 1)}.
(b) Find the coordinates of a + bX + cX
2
relative to the ordered basis {1, 1 + X, 1 + X
2
} in
the space P
3
of polynomials of degree at most 2 with coecients from R.
(c) Find the coordinate vectors of an element of R
3
with respect to the following bases B
1
=
{(1, 2, 1), (1, 2, 3), (0, 1, 1)} and B
2
= {(1, 0, 0), (1, 1, 0), (1, 1, 1)}. Also write the change of
coordinate matrix.
(6) (a) Show that if v V then Fv := {v : F} is a subspace of any vector space V over F.
(b) Show that if W
1
, W
2
are subspaces of V , then W
1
W
2
is a subspace of V .
(c) Show that the intersection of any collection of subspaces of a vector space is a subspace.
(d) Suppose W
1
and W
2
are subspaces of a vector space V . Show that W
1
W
2
is a subspace
of V if and only if either W
1
W
2
or W
1
W
2
.
(e) Let X be a nonempty subset of a vector space V over F. Let span(X) := {

n
i=1
a
i
v
i
: n
N, a
i
F, v
i
X} and let X be the intersection of all the subspaces of V which contain
X. Show that span(X) and X are subspaces of V . Also show that span(X) = X.
(7) In each case show that W
1
+ W
2
= V (directly) and nd dim(W
1
W
2
). Verify the formula
dim(W
1
+ W
2
) = dimW
1
+ dimW
2
dim(W
1
W
2
).
(a) V = R
2
, W
1
is the X-axis, W
2
is the Y -axis.
(b) V = R
2
, W
1
and W
2
are distinct lines through the origin.
(c) V = R
3
, W
1
is the XY plane and W
2
is the Y Z plane.
(d) V = M
n
(R), W
1
= {A M
n
(R) : A is upper triangular }, W
2
:= {A M
n
(R) : A is
lower triangular }.
(e) V = M
n
(R), where W
1
is the space of n n symmetric matrices and W
2
is the space of
n n skew-symmetric matrices.
(8) Which of the following is a linear transformation? Justify.
(a) T
1
: R
2
R
2
dened by T
1
(x, y) = (x
2
+ y
2
, x y) over R.
(b) T
2
: R
2
R
2
dened by T
2
(x, y) = (x + y + 1, x y) over R.
(c) T
3
: R
2
R
2
dened by T
3
(x, y) = (ax + by, cx + dy) over R.
(d) T
4
: C C dene by T(z) = z over C.
(e) R
2
to R
2
the rotation about the origin by an angle . (Write an expression for rotation.)
(f) T
5
: M
mn
(F) M
nm
(F) dened by T
5
(A) = A
t
(A
t
is the transpose of A).
(g) T
6
: M
n
(F) F dened by T
6
(A) = tr(A).
(h) T
7
: P
n
P
n
such that T
7
(p)(x) = p(x 1).
(i) T
8
: P
n
P
n+1
such that T
8
(p)(x) = xp(x) + p(1).
::: END :::

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