Math 113G1/114E1 Midterm Solutions (V1)

(1) (a) Find the domain of the function

f(x) =

x + 1
x 2
.
Solution. f(x) is dened for x = 2 and
x + 1
x 2
0 x > 2 or x 1
So the domain is (, 1] (2, ).
(b) Let g(x) = f(cos x). Find g

(/3) if f(1/2) = 2 and

f

(1/2) = 3 .
Solution. g

(x) = (f(cos x))

= f

(cos x)(sin x) and hence

g

(/3) = f

(cos(/3))(sin(/3)) = f

(1/2)(

3/2) =
3

3/2.
(c) Find horizontal and vertical asymptotes of f(x) =
1 + 2x
2x 1
.
Justify your answer.
Solution. Since
lim
x(1/2)

1 + 2x
2x 1
=
it has a vertical asymptote x = 1/2. Since
lim
x
1 + 2x
2x 1
= lim
x
1/x + 2
2 1/x
=
lim
x
(1/x) + lim
x
2
lim
x
2 lim
x
(1/x)
=
0 + 2
2 0
= 1
and
lim
x
1 + 2x
2x 1
= lim
x
1/x + 2
2 1/x
=
lim
x
(1/x) + lim
x
2
lim
x
2 lim
x
(1/x)
=
0 + 2
2 0
= 1
it has a horizontal asymptote y = 1.
1
2
(2) Evaluate the limit or explain why the limit does not exist:
(a)
lim
x

x
4
16
4 x
2
Solution.
lim
x

x
4
16
4 x
2
= lim
x0

x
4
16
4 x
2
= lim
x0

x
2

x
4
16
4x
2
1
= lim
x0

1 16x
4
4x
2
1
= 1

(b)
lim
x
sin x
x
Solution. Since 1 sin x 1,

1
x

sin x
x

1
x
for x > 0. And since
lim
x

1
x

= lim
x
1
x
= 0,
we obtain
lim
x
sin x
x
= 0
by squeeze theorem.
(c)
lim
x0
sin(3x)
sin(2x)
Solution.
lim
x0
sin(3x)
sin(2x)
= lim
x0
sin(3x)
3x
3x
sin(2x)
2x
2x
= lim
x0

sin(3x)
3x
sin(2x)
2x

3x
2x
=
3
2
lim
x0
sin(3x)
3x
lim
x0
sin(2x)
2x
=
3
2

3
(3) Find all possible values of a and b so that the function
f(x) =

x + 2b, x < 2
bx
2
a, x 2
is dierentiable everywhere on (, ). Justify your answer.
Solution. f(x) is clearly dierentiable at all x = 2.
For f(x) to be continuous at 2, we need
lim
x2

f(x) = lim
x2
+
f(x) = f(2)
Since
lim
x2

f(x) = lim
x2

(x + 2b) = 2 + 2b
and f(2) = 4b a,
2 + 2b = 4b a 2b a = 2
For f(x) to be dierentiable at 2, we further need
lim
x2

f(x) f(2)
x 2
= lim
x2
+
f(x) f(2)
x 2
Since
lim
x2

f(x) f(2)
x 2
= lim
x2

(x + 2b) (2 + 2b)
x 2
= 1
and
lim
x2
+
f(x) f(2)
x 2
= lim
x2
+
(bx
2
a) (4b a)
x 2
= 4b
we obtain 4b = 1 and b = 1/4. Combining with 2b a = 2, we
see that a = 3/2.
4
(4) Consider the function y = f(x) =

2x 1.
(a) Use the denition of the derivative to nd f

(x) and state

the domain for f and f

. NOTE: No marks will be given

if the denition is not used.
Solution. The domain of f(x) is [1/2, ).
f

(x) = lim
h0
f(x + h) f(x)
h
= lim
h0

2(x + h) 1

2x 1
h
= lim
h0
(

2(x + h) 1

2x 1)(

2(x + h) 1 +

2x 1)
h(

2(x + h) 1 +

2x 1)
= lim
h0
(2(x + h) 1) (2x 1)
h(

2(x + h) 1 +

2x 1)
= lim
h0
2

2(x + h) 1 +

2x 1
=
1

2x 1
The domain of f

(x) is (1/2, ).
(b) Find an equation of the tangent line to the graph of f at
the point (a, f(a)) where a = 5.
Solution. By (a), f

(5) = 1/3. So the tangent line at

(5, f(5)) = (5, 3) is
y 3 =
1
3
(x 5).

5
(5) Calculate each of the following; you do not need to simplify
your answer.
(a) f

(x) if f(x) = sec(cot(x

3
)).
Solution.
(sec(cot(x
3
)))

= sec(cot(x
3
)) tan(cot(x
3
))(cot(x
3
))

= sec(cot(x
3
)) tan(cot(x
3
))(csc
2
(x
3
))(x
3
)

= 3x
2
sec(cot(x
3
)) tan(cot(x
3
)) csc
2
(x
3
)

(b) g

(x) if g(x) =
2x1
3x2
.
Solution.

2x 1
3x 2

(2x 1)

(3x 2) (2x 1)(3x 2)

(3x 2)
2

2(3x 2) 3(2x 1)
(3x 2)
2

= ((3x 2)
2
)

= 6(3x 2)
3

(c) h

(x) if h(x) = e
2x1

x
2
1.
Solution.
(e
2x1

x
2
1)

= (e
2x1
)

x
2
1 + e
2x1
(

x
2
1)

= 2e
2x1

x
2
1 +
xe
2x1

x
2
1

6
Math 113G1/114E1 Midterm Solutions (V2)
(1) (a) Find the domain of the function
f(x) =

x 2
x + 1
.
Solution. f(x) is dened for x = 1 and
x 2
x + 1
0 x 2 or x < 1
So the domain is (, 1) [2, ).
(b) Let g(x) = f(sin x). Find g

(/6) if f(1/2) = 2 and

f

(1/2) = 3 .
Solution. g

(x) = (f(sin x))

= f

(sin x) cos x and hence

g

(/6) = f

(sin(/6)) cos(/6) = f

(1/2)(

3/2) = 3

3/2.

(c) Find horizontal and vertical asymptotes of f(x) =

1 + 3x
x 1
.
Justify your answer.
Solution. Since
lim
x1

1 + 3x
x 1
=
it has a vertical asymptote x = 1. Since
lim
x
1 + 3x
x 1
= lim
x
1/x + 3
1 1/x
=
lim
x
(1/x) + lim
x
3
lim
x
1 lim
x
(1/x)
=
0 + 3
1 0
= 3
and
lim
x
1 + 3x
x 1
= lim
x
1/x + 3
1 1/x
=
lim
x
(1/x) + lim
x
3
lim
x
1 lim
x
(1/x)
=
0 + 3
1 0
= 3
it has a horizontal asymptote y = 3.
7
(2) Evaluate the limit or explain why the limit does not exist:
(a)
lim
x3
+

x
4
81
3 x
.
Solution.
lim
x3
+

x
4
81
3 x
= lim
x3
+

(x 3)(x + 3)(x
2
+ 9)
3 x
= lim
x3
+

(x + 3)(x
2
+ 9)

x 3
=

(b)
lim
x
cos x
x
Solution. Since 1 cos x 1,

1
x

cos x
x

1
x
for x > 0. And since
lim
x

1
x

= lim
x
1
x
= 0,
we obtain
lim
x
cos x
x
= 0
by squeeze theorem.
(c)
lim
x0
sin(4x)
sin(3x)
.
Solution.
lim
x0
sin(4x)
sin(3x)
= lim
x0
sin(4x)
4x
4x
sin(3x)
3x
3x
= lim
x0

sin(4x)
4x
sin(3x)
3x

4x
3x
=
4
3
lim
x0
sin(4x)
4x
lim
x0
sin(3x)
3x
=
4
3

8
(3) Find all possible values of a and b so that the function
f(x) =

x + 2b, x < 1
bx
2
a, x 1
is dierentiable everywhere on (, ). Justify your answer.
Solution. f(x) is clearly dierentiable at all x = 1.
For f(x) to be continuous at 1, we need
lim
x1

f(x) = lim
x1
+
f(x) = f(1)
Since
lim
x1

f(x) = lim
x1

(x + 2b) = 1 + 2b
and f(1) = b a,
1 + 2b = b a a + b = 1
For f(x) to be dierentiable at 1, we further need
lim
x1

f(x) f(1)
x 1
= lim
x1
+
f(x) f(1)
x 1
Since
lim
x1

f(x) f(1)
x 1
= lim
x1

(x + 2b) (1 + 2b)
x 1
= 1
and
lim
x1
+
f(x) f(1)
x 1
= lim
x1
+
(bx
2
a) (b a)
x 1
= 2b
we obtain 2b = 1 and b = 1/2. Combining with a + b = 1, we
see that a = 3/2.
9
(4) Consider the function y = f(x) =

3x + 1.
(a) Use the denition of the derivative to nd f

(x) and state

the domain for f and f

. NOTE: No marks will be given

if the denition is not used.
Solution. The domain of f(x) is [1/3, ).
f

(x) = lim
h0
f(x + h) f(x)
h
= lim
h0

3(x + h) + 1

3x + 1
h
= lim
h0
(

3(x + h) + 1

3x + 1)(

3(x + h) + 1 +

3x + 1)
h(

3(x + h) + 1 +

3x + 1)
= lim
h0
(3(x + h) + 1) (3x + 1)
h(

3(x + h) + 1 +

3x + 1)
= lim
h0
3

3(x + h) + 1 +

3x + 1
=
3
2

3x + 1
The domain of f

(x) is (1/3, ).
(b) Find an equation of the tangent line to the graph of f at
the point (a, f(a)) where a = 1.
Solution. By (a), f

(1) = 3/4. So the tangent line at

(1, f(1)) = (1, 2) is
y 2 =
3
4
(x 1).

10
(5) Calculate each of the following; you do not need to simplify
your answer.
(a) f

(x) if f(x) = csc(tan(x

2
)).
Solution.
(csc(tan(x
2
)))

= csc(tan(x
2
)) cot(tan(x
2
))(tan(x
2
))

= csc(tan(x
2
)) cot(tan(x
2
))(sec
2
(x
2
))(x
2
)

= 2x csc(tan(x
2
)) cot(tan(x
2
)) sec
2
(x
2
)

(b) g

(x) if g(x) =
3x+1
2x7
.
Solution.

3x + 1
2x 7

(3x + 1)

(2x 7) (3x + 1)(2x 7)

(2x 7)
2

3(2x 7) 2(3x + 1)
(2x 7)
2

= 23((2x 7)
2
)

= 92(2x 7)
3

(c) h

(x) if h(x) = e
3x2

x
2
+ 1.
Solution.
(e
3x2

x
2
+ 1)

= (e
3x2
)

x
2
+ 1 + e
3x2
(

x
2
+ 1)

= 3e
3x2

x
2
+ 1 +
xe
3x2

x
2
+ 1

11
Math 113G1/114E1 Midterm Solutions (V3)
(1) (a) Find the domain of the function
f(x) =

x 2
x + 3
.
Solution. f(x) is dened for x = 3 and
x 2
x + 3
0 x 2 or x < 3
So the domain is (, 3) [2, ).
(b) Let g(x) = f(tan x). Find g

(/4) if f(1) = 2 and f

(1) = 3
.
Solution. g

(x) = (f(tan x))

= f

(tan x) sec
2
x and hence
g

(/4) = f

(tan(/4)) sec
2
(/4) = f

(1)(

2)
2
= 6.
(c) Find horizontal and vertical asymptotes of f(x) =
1 + 3x
x + 1
.
Justify your answer.
Solution. Since
lim
x(1)

1 + 3x
x + 1
=
it has a vertical asymptote x = 1. Since
lim
x
1 + 3x
x + 1
= lim
x
1/x + 3
1 + 1/x
=
lim
x
(1/x) + lim
x
3
lim
x
1 + lim
x
(1/x)
=
0 + 3
1 + 0
= 3
and
lim
x
1 + 3x
x + 1
= lim
x
1/x + 3
1 + 1/x
=
lim
x
(1/x) + lim
x
3
lim
x
1 + lim
x
(1/x)
=
0 + 3
1 + 0
= 3
it has a horizontal asymptote y = 3.
12
(2) Evaluate the limit or explain why the limit does not exist:
(a)
lim
x2
+
4 x
2

x
4
16
.
Solution.
lim
x2
+
4 x
2

x
4
16
= lim
x2
+
4 x
2

(x
2
4)(x
2
+ 4)
= lim
x2
+

x
2
4

x
2
+ 4
= 0

(b)
lim
x
sin x
x
Solution. Since 1 sin x 1,

1
x

sin x
x

1
x
for x < 0. And since
lim
x

1
x

= lim
x
1
x
= 0,
we obtain
lim
x
sin x
x
= 0
by squeeze theorem.
(c)
lim
x0
sin(3x)
sin(2x)
.
Solution.
lim
x0
sin(3x)
sin(2x)
= lim
x0
sin(3x)
sin(2x)
= lim
x0
sin(3x)
3x
3x
sin(2x)
2x
2x
= lim
x0

sin(3x)
3x
sin(2x)
2x

3x
2x
=
3
2
lim
x0
sin(3x)
3x
lim
x0
sin(2x)
2x
=
3
2

13
(3) Find all possible values of a and b so that the function
f(x) =

x + 2b, x < 3
bx
2
a, x 3
is dierentiable everywhere on (, ). Justify your answer.
Solution. f(x) is clearly dierentiable at all x = 3.
For f(x) to be continuous at 3, we need
lim
x3

f(x) = lim
x3
+
f(x) = f(3)
Since
lim
x3

f(x) = lim
x3

(x + 2b) = 3 + 2b
and f(3) = 9b a,
3 + 2b = 9b a 7b a = 3
For f(x) to be dierentiable at 3, we further need
lim
x3

f(x) f(3)
x 3
= lim
x3
+
f(x) f(3)
x 3
Since
lim
x3

f(x) f(3)
x 3
= lim
x3

(x + 2b) (3 + 2b)
x 3
= 1
and
lim
x3
+
f(x) f(3)
x 3
= lim
x3
+
(bx
2
a) (9b a)
x 3
= 6b
we obtain 6b = 1 and b = 1/6. Combining with 7b a = 3, we
see that a = 11/6.
14
(4) Consider the function y = f(x) =

4x + 1.
(a) Use the denition of the derivative to nd f

(x) and state

the domain for f and f

. NOTE: No marks will be given

if the denition is not used.
Solution. The domain of f(x) is [1/4, ).
f

(x) = lim
h0
f(x + h) f(x)
h
= lim
h0

4(x + h) + 1

4x + 1
h
= lim
h0
(

4(x + h) + 1

4x + 1)(

4(x + h) + 1 +

4x + 1)
h(

4(x + h) + 1 +

4x + 1)
= lim
h0
(4(x + h) + 1) (4x + 1)
h(

4(x + h) + 1 +

4x + 1)
= lim
h0
4

4(x + h) + 1 +

4x + 1
=
2

4x + 1
The domain of f

(x) is (1/4, ).
(b) Find an equation of the tangent line to the graph of f at
the point (a, f(a)) where a = 2.
Solution. By (a), f

(2) = 2/3. So the tangent line at

(2, f(2)) = (2, 3) is
y 3 =
2
3
(x 2).

15
(5) Calculate each of the following; you do not need to simplify
your answer.
(a) f

(x) if f(x) = csc(cot(x

4
)).
Solution.
(csc(cot(x
4
)))

= csc(cot(x
4
)) cot(cot(x
4
))(cot(x
4
))

= csc(cot(x
4
)) cot(cot(x
4
))(csc
2
(x
4
))(x
4
)

= 4x
3
csc(cot(x
4
)) cot(cot(x
4
)) csc
2
(x
4
)

(b) g

(x) if g(x) =
4x+2
3x2
.
Solution.

4x + 2
3x 2

(4x + 2)

(3x 2) (4x + 2)(3x 2)

(3x 2)
2

4(3x 2) 3(4x + 2)
(3x 2)
2

= 14((3x 2)
2
)

= 84(3x 2)
3

(c) h

(x) if h(x) = e
4x+2

x
2
+ 5.
Solution.
(e
4x+2

x
2
+ 5)

= (e
4x+2
)

x
2
+ 5 + e
4x+2
(

x
2
+ 5)

= 4e
4x+2

x
2
+ 5 +
xe
4x+2

x
2
+ 5