SURYA GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY

VIKIRAVANDI
Department of Mechanical Engineering
CE6451 FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINE!
UNIT IV PUMPS
Impact of jets - Eulers equation - Theory of roto-ynamic
machines !arious e"ciencies !elocity components at entry
an e#it of the rotor- !elocity trian$les - %entrifu$al pumps
&or'in$ principle - &or' one (y the impeller - performance
cur!es - )eciprocatin$ pump- &or'in$ principle )otary pumps
classi*cation+.
UNIT V TU),INES
%lassi*cation of tur(ines heas an e"ciencies !elocity
trian$les+ -#ial. raial an mi#e /o& tur(ines+ Pelton &heel.
0rancis tur(ine an 1aplan tur(ines- &or'in$ principles - &or'
one (y &ater on the runner raft tu(e+ Speci*c spee - unit
quantities performance cur!es for tur(ines $o!ernin$ of
tur(ines+
PREPARED BY VERIFIED BY
1. M.VIVEKANANDHAN (AP/MECH) M.SANKAR
2. E.S .SATHIS KUMAR (AP/MECH) (HOD/MECHANICAL)
1
UNIT IV PUMPS
2
UNIT V TU),INES
1" #hat i$ rotar% p&mp$'(MA!)*UNE"+,-
If the fluid is displaced by gear system it is known as rotary pumps.
." #hat i$ reciprocating p&mp$'
If the fluid is displaced by reciprocating action of piston, it is known as
reciprocating pumps.
/" #hat i$ meant 0% fl&i1 machine$'
The device in which the fluid is in continuous motion and imparts
energy conversion is known as fluid machines.
4" #rite the cla$$ification$ of fl&i1 machine$"
1) Hydraulic turbines
2) ompressors.
5" #hat i$ meant 0% h%1ra&lic t&r0ine$'
Hydraulic turbines are the machines which convert the energy of
flowing water into mechanical energy.
6" #hat i$ h%1roelectric po2er'
The mechanical energy developed by a turbine is used to run an
electric generator which is directly coupled to the shaft of the turbine. Thus,
the mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. This electrical
power is known as hydroelectric power.
," Define 1egree of reaction"
It is defined as the ratio between the kinetic energy change in moving
blade to the kinetic energy change in the stage.
2
3" #rite the cla$$ification$ of h%1ra&lic t&r0ine$"
1) Impulse turbine
e.g. !elton turbine.
2) "eaction turbine.
e.g. #rancis turbine, $aplan turbine.
4" #hat i$ imp&l$e t&r0ine' (ma%)5&ne"1/- (ma%)5&ne"1.-
In an impulse turbine all the energy available by water is converted
into kinetic energy by passing through a no%%le. The high velocity &et coming
out of the no%%le then impinges on a series of buckets fi'ed around the rim
of a wheel.
1+" #hat i$ reaction t&r0ine' (ma%)5&ne"1/- (ma%)5&ne"1.-
In a reaction turbine the runner utili%es both potential and kinetic
energies. Here only a portion of potential energy is transformed into kinetic
energy before the fluid enters the turbine runner.
11" #rite the cla$$ification$ of t&r0ine accor1ing to the $pecific
$pee1"
1) (ow specific speed.
2) )edium specific speed.
*) High specific speed.
1." #rite the cla$$ification$ of t&r0ine accor1ing to the 6&antit% of
2ater re6&ire1"
1) High head turbine.
2) )edium head turbine.
*) High head turbine.
1/" #rite the cla$$ification$ of t&r0ine accor1ing to the 1irection of
flo2 of 2ater"
3
1) Tangential flow turbine.
2) "adial flow turbine.
*) +'ial flow turbine.
,) )i'ed flow turbine.
14" #hat i$ 7angential flo2 t&r0ine'
In a Tangential flow turbine water flows along the tangent to the path
of the runner.
15" #hat i$ a1ial flo2 t&r0ine'(N89)DEC 1.-
In a "adial flow turbine water flows along the radial direction and
mainly in the plane normal to the a'is of rotation, as it passes through the
runner.
16" #rite the t%pe$ of a1ial flo2 t&r0ine"
1) Inward "adial flow turbine.
2) -utward "adial flow turbine.
1," #hat i$ A:ial flo2 t&r0ine'
In an +'ial flow turbine water flows parallel to the a'is of the turbine
shaft.
13" #hat i$ mi:e1 flo2 t&r0ine'
In a )i'ed flow turbine the water enters the blades radially and comes
out a'ially and parallel to the turbine shaft.
14" #hat i$ gro$$ hea1'
The gross head is the difference between the water level at the
reservoir and the level at the tailrace.
.+" #hat i$ net hea1'
The head available at the inlet of the turbine is known as effective or
net head.
4
.1" #hat i$ ;&c<et po2er'
The power supplied by the water &et is known as water power.
.." #hat i$ H%1ra&lic efficienc%' (Ma%)5&ne"1/-(No=)Dec 1.-
It is defined as the ratio of power developed by the runner to the
power supplied by the water &et.
./" #hat i$ Mechanical efficienc%'
It is the ratio of power available at the turbine shaft to the power
developed by the turbine runner.
.4" #hat i$ =ol&metric efficienc%'
It is defined as the volume of water actually striking the buckets to the
total water supplied by the &et.
.5" #hat i$ 0rea< no>>le an1 mention it f&nction'
If the spear no%%le set is closed, the runner will revolve long time due
to inertia. To stop the runner in a short time, a small no%%le is provided
which directs a &et of water on the backside of the buckets.
.6" S?ECIFIC S?EED @N$AB
It is defined as the speed of a turbine which is identical in shape,
geometrical dimensions, blade angles, gate opening etc., with the actual
turbine but of such a si%e that will develop unit power when working under
unit head.
4 / 5
Q
P N
N
s
=
.," #hat i$ priming of centrif&gal p&mp'
1" A pelton 2heel i$ to 0e 1e$igne1 for the follo2ing $pecification$B
Shaft po2er C 11D,,.<2E Hea1 C /3+ metre$D $pee1 C ,5+rpmE
o=erall efficienc% C 36F E 5et 1iameter i$ not to e:cee1 one G $i:th
of the 2heel 1iameter" DetermineB
5
." 7he pen$toc< $&pplie$ 2ater from a re$er=oir to the pelton 2heel
2ith a gra$$ hea1 of 5++ m one thir1 of the gra$$ hea1 i$ lo$t in
fr&ition in the pen$toc<" 7he rate flo2 of 2ater thro&gh the no>>le
fitte1 at the en1 of the pen$toc< i$ ."+m
/
)$" 7he angle of 1efection of
the 5et i$ 165H" Determine the po2er gi=en 0% the 2ater to the
r&nner an1 al$o h%1ra&lic efficienc% of the 2heel" 7a<e $pee1
ratioC+"45 an1 C
9
C1"+ (N89)DEC 1.-
/" A pelton 2heel i$ to 0e 1e$igne1 for a hea1 of 6m 2hen r&nning at
.++r p m " 7he pelton 2heel 1e=elop$ 45"64,5 <2 $haft po2er" 7he
=elocit% of 0&c<et$ C +"45 time$ the =elocit% of 5etD o=erall efficienc%
C +"35 an1 Co" efficient of the =elocit% i$ e6&al to +"43
4" An in2ar1 flo2 reaction t&r0ine ha$ e:ternal an1 internal
1iameter$ a$ +"4 m an1 +"45 m re$pecti=el%" 7he t&r0ine i$ r&nning
at .++ rpm an1 2i1th of t&r0ine at inlet i$ .++ mm" 7he =elocit% of
flo2 thro&gh the r&nner i$ con$tant an1 i$ e6&al to 1"3m)$"7he
g&il1$ 0la1e$ ma<e an angle +f 1+I to the tangent of the 2heel an1
the 1i$charge of the o&tlet of the t&r0ine i$ ra1ial" Dra2 the inlet an1
o&ter =elocit% triangle$ an1 1etermine"
@iA 7he a$t&te =elocit% of 2ater at inlet of r&nner"
@iiA the =elocit% of 2hich at inlet @iiiA 7he relati=e =elocit% of inlet
@i=A 7he r&nner 0la1e angle$ @=A 2i1th of r&nner at o&tlet @i=A ma$$
of 2ater flo2ing thro&gh the r&nner per $econ1 @=iiA Hea1 at the
inlet of t&r0ine @=iiiA po2er 1e=elope1 an1 h%1ra&lic efficienc% of the
t&r0ine"
5" An o&t2ar1 flo2 reaction t&r0ine ha$ internal an1 e:ternal
1iameter of the r&nner a$ +"6m an1 1".m re$pecti=el%" 7he g&i1e
0la1e angle i$ 15J an1 =elocit% of flo2 thro&gh the r&nner i$
con$tant an1 e6&al to 4m)$" if the $pee1 of the t&r0ine i$ .++ rpm "D
hea1 on the t&r0ine i$ 1+m an1 1i$charge at o&tlet i$ ra1ialD
1etermine
@iA the r&nner =ane angle$ at inlet an1 o&tlet
@iiA @iiA 2or< 1one 0% the 2ater on the r&nner per $econ1 per
&nit 2eight of 2ater $tri<ing per $econ1
@iiiA "h%1ra&lic efficienc%D an1
@i=A 7he 1egree of reaction"
6
6" 7he follo2ing 1ata i$ gi=en for a Franci$ t&r0ine" Net ha1 HC6+mE
$pee1 NC,++ rpmD $haft po2er C .44"/<#E 0

C34FE n

C4/F flo2
ratio C+".+E 0rea1th ratio

C+"1E o&ter 1iameter C.: inner

1iameter of r&nner" 7he thic<ne$$ of =ane$ occ&p% 5F of circ&m
ferential area of the r&nner =elocit% of flo2 i$ con$tant at inlet an1
o&tlet an1 1i$charge i$ ra1ial at o&tletD 1etermine
@iA g&i1e 0la1e angle$ @iiA r&nner =ane angle$ at inlet an1 o&tlet"
@iiiA 1iameter of r&nner at inlet an1 o&tlet @i=A 2i1th f 2heel at inlet
(N89)DEC 1.- (MA!)*UNE 1/-
," A propel$ reaction t&r0ine of r&nner 1iameter 4"5m i$ r&nning at
4+ rpm" 7he g&i1e 0la1e angle at o&tlet i$ .5H to the 1irection of
=ane" 7he a:ial flo2 area of 2ater thro&gh r&nner i$ .5m
.
" If the
r&nner 0la1e angle at inlet i$ ra1ial 1etermine"
@iA H%1ra&lic efficienc% of t&r0ine
@iiA Di$charge thro&gh t&r0ine
@iiiA ?o2er 1e=elope1 0% the t&r0ine
@i=A Specific $pee1 of the t&r0ine"
3" 7he internal an1 e:ternal centrif&gal 1iameter of a centrif&gal
p&mp 2hich i$ r&nning at 1+++rpm are .++mm an1
4++mmre$pecti=el% "the 1i$charge thro&gh ?&mp i$ +"+4m
/
)$ an1
=elocit% of flo2 i$ con$tant an1 e6&al to ."+ m)$" the 1iameter$ of
the $&ction an1 1eli=er% pipe are 15+mm an1 1++ mm re$pecti=el%
an1 $&ction an1 1eli=er% hea1 are 6m @a0$A an1 /+m @a0$A of 2ater
re$pecti=el%" If the o&tlet =ane angle i$ 45
o
an1 po2er re6&ire1 to
1ri=e e p&mp i$ 16"136 <#" Determine the =ane angle of the impeller
at inletD the o=erall efficienc% of the p&mp an1 manometeric
efficienc% of the p&mp"(MA!)*UNE".+1/-
4" E:plain the go=erning of pelton t&r0ine"@imp&l$e t&r0ine"A
1+" E:plain the 1raft t&0e
11" E:plain the 2or<ing principle of Centrif&gal p&mp$
1." E:plain the 2or<ing principle of eciprocating p&mp
1/" E:plain the performance c&r=e$ for t&r0ine$"
7
14" E:plain the go=erning of t&r0ine$"
15" E:plain the performance c&r=e$ for p&mp"
16" E:plain ca=itation an1 li$t effect$ of ca=itation"
ALL 7HE ;ES7
8