Wastewater Characteristics & Sewer Hydraulics

CEE 371 Fall 2009
Homework #8 Wastewater Characteristics & Sewer Hydraulics

1. A municipal wastewater treatment plant receives a seasonal discharge from a fruit processing
company. Influent flows to the municipal wastewater treatment plant and wastewater
concentrations when the company operates and when it is not in operation are shown in the
table. Note that these are total values which include sanitary WW and industrial WW.

Municipal Wastewater Flows and Concentrations

Parameter Company Operating Company Not Operating
Flow (m
3
/d) 18,750 13,275
BOD
5
(mg/L) 300 215
SS (mg/L) 420 240
NH
3
as N (mg/L) 64 15
Cl
-
(mg/L) 29 41
Alkalinity (mg/L as CaCO
3
) 57 125

a. Determine the contribution (or loading) of each wastewater constituent in both kg/day and lb/day
for both cases of the company in operation and when it is not operating.

Loading is usually in units of mass per time, and may be calculated as the product of flow times
concentration.
w = C

This frequently requires units conversion, recognizing, for example that 1 Kg equals 2.2046 pounds.

Load while
Operating
Load Not
Operating
Parameter (kg/day) (lb/day) (kg/day) (lb/day)
BOD5 (mg/L) 5,625 12,401 2,854 6,292
SS (mg/L) 7,875 17,361 3,186 7,024
NH3 as N (mg/L) 1,200 2,646 199 439
Cl (mg/L) 544 1,199 544 1,200
Alkalinity (mg/L as
CaCO3) 1,069 2,356 1,659 3,658

b. Also, determine the flow and constituent concentrations for the fruit processing wastewater by
mass balance analysis (assume all parameters behave conservatively).

The presumption here is that the fruit processing company wastewater is entirely responsible for the
differences in flow and loading as calculated above. So both flows and loadings from the fruit
5 points total for
entire homework
2 pointsfor #1
company are determined by the difference (operating minus not operating). The concentrations are
then back calculated:

C =
w

Parameter
Industry
alone
Flow (m3/d) 5,475
BOD5 (mg/L) 506.1
SS (mg/L) 856.4
NH3 as N (mg/L) 182.8
Cl (mg/L) -0.1
Alkalinity (mg/L as
CaCO3) -107.9

Note that chloride shows a tiny negative concentration. This is, of course, impossible. It is
probably just a result of error in estimating flows and concentrations and the fact that the real
concentration from the fruit industry is near zero

Alkalinity is negative, which is quite possible, as negative alkalinity just reflects positive acidity.

2. A town has a population of 7500 and a domestic per capita wastewater flow of 100 gpcd.
The municipal wastewater plant receives the domestic flow and industrial wastewater discharges
of 65,000 gpd from a cheese processing plant and 90,000 gpd from a brewery. The BOD loads
of the domestic wastewater and brewery wastes are 0.20 lbs/cap-day and 450 lb/day,
respectively. The BOD concentration of the cheese wastewater is 1400 mg/L. Calculate:

a. The total (domestic plus industrial) wastewater flow in MGD

domcstc ww
= 7,Suu pcoplc [1uu
guI
cup-du
= 7Su,uuu
guI
d
= u.7SH0

totuI ww
= 7Su,uuu
guI
d
+6S,uuu
guI
d
+9u,uuu
guI
d
= 9uS,uuu
guI
d
= . 95M6D

b. The BOD in mg/L of the total wastewater, and

determine individual load for domestic & cheese, add to brewery load, then divide by the
total flow
IooJing
domcstc B0
= 7,Suu pcoplc [u.2
Ib
cup-du
= 1,Suu
Ib
d

IooJing
chccsc ww B0
= 6S,uuu
guI
d
[
Mu
10
6
guI
[
3.785L
guI
1,4uu
mg
L
[
1Ib
453.6g
_
1g
1000mg
] = 7S9
Ib
d

IooJing
totuI B0
= 1,Suu
Ib
d
+7S9
Ib
d
+4Su
Ib
d
= 2,7u9
Ib
d

1 point for #2
B0
totuI
=
IooJing
totuI B0
totuI ww
=
2,7u9
Ib
d
(
453.6 g
Ib
)
9uS,uuu
guI
d
[
3.785L
guI

= u.SS9
g
L
= 359
mg
L

c. The BOD equivalent population for the total wastewater.

Now divide the total BOD load by the per-capita load
B0 cqui:olcnt populotion =
IooJing
totuI B0
pcr -copito looJing
=
2,7u9
Ib
d
u.2
Ib
cup-d
= 13, 545 peup|e

This is almost twice the actual population

3. What is the flowing full capacity (Q, in gpm) and velocity (V, in ft/s) for a 12 inch diameter
sewer at a slope of 0.0060 ft/ft for:

Recall that for Mannings equation:
5 . 0 67 . 0
49 . 1
S AR
n
Q =
When the pipe is flowing full, and the diameter is 1 ft, the hydraulic radius becomes:
( )
ft
D
D wp
A
R
D
25 . 0
4
2
2
= = = =

a) Mannings n of 0.013 and,

=
1.49
u.u1S
(S.141St
2
)(u.2St)
0.67
(u.uu6u)
0.5
= 2.7S
]t
3
s

= 2.7S
]t
3
s
[
1guI
0.13368]t
3
[
60s
mn
= 123
ga|
m|n

I =

A
=
2.7S
]t
3
s
n(
6
12
)
2
= 3. 51
t
x

b) n of 0.011?

=
1.49
u.u11
(S.141St
2
)(u.2St)
0.67
(u.uu6u)
0.5
= S.26
]t
3
s

= S.26
]t
3
s
[
1guI
0.13368]t
3
[
60s
mn
= 141
ga|
m|n

I =

A
=
S.26
]t
3
s
n(
6
12
)
2
= 4. 14
t
x

1 point for #3
4. Use the pipe flow graphic reproduced below (from Viessman & Hammer text; Figure 6.2 or
7.2 depending on edition) to answer the following. A 33 inch sewer is placed on a slope of
0.40 ft/100 ft. Mannings n is 0.013.

a) At what depth of flow is the velocity equal to 2.0 ft/sec?

so the velocity version of the Manning equation is:
5 . 0 67 . 0
49 . 1
S R
n
V =

first find V
full
from this:
as before, for a full pipe, the hydraulic radius is 0.25*D, so using the Manning equation:
I
]uII
=
1.49
u.u1S
_
SSin
4
1]t
12n
]
0.67
_
u.4ut
1uut
]
0.5
= S.6S
]t
s

Now determine the ratio
I
I
]uII
=
2
]t
s
S.6S
]t
s
= u.SS or SS%

Then go to the attached figure, and read the d/D axis position where the velocity curve
hit V/V
full
of 35%
Jcptb
= 12% or u.12

Jcptb = u.12(SSin) = 4. |n

b) If the depth of flow is 18 in, what is the flow rate? (in gpm).

Jcptb
=
18in
SSin
= u.SS or SS%

Then go to the attached figure, and read the Q/Q
full
axis position where the discharge
curve hits d/D of 55%

]uII
= S7% or u.S7
Now calculate Q
full

]uII
= I
]uII
A
]uII
= S.6S
]t
s
n _
SSin
2x12
n
]t
_
2
= SS.S
]t
3
s

And now determine Q
= (u.S7)SS.S
]t
3
s
= 19.1
]t
3
s

And in gpm this is
= 19.1
]t
3
s
[
1guI
0.13368]t
3
[
60s
mn
= 857
ga|
m|n

1 point for #4

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CEE 371 Fall 2009

Homework #8 Wastewater Characteristics & Sewer Hydraulics

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