DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 117

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SOLVED PROBLESM
Ex.1 Write the order and degree of the differential equation
0
dx
dy
sin
dx
dy
=

+
Sol. Highest order derivative is
dx
dy
Order of differential equation is 1.
Equation canot be written as a plynomial in derivatives. Hence degre is not defined.
Ex.2 What will be the order of the differential equatin, corresponding to the family of curves
y = a sin ( x + b) , where a is arbitrary constant.
Sol. As there is one arbitrary constant, so order of corresponding differential equation is 1.
Ex.3 Form the different equation representing the family of curves given by xy = Ae
x
+ Be

x
where A and B are constants.
Sol. xy = Ae
x
+ Be
x
...(i)
y + xy' = Ae
x
Be
x
and y' + y' + xy" = xy [From(i)] xy' + 2y' xy = 0 is the required
equation
Ex.4 Find the equation of a cure passing through the point ( 2, 3) , given that the slope of the
tangent to the curve at any point ( x, y) is 2
y
x 2
.
Sol. We know that the slope of the tangent to a curve at any point (x, y) is given by
dx
dy
.
So, 2
y
x 2
dx
dy
=
Integrating both sides, we have
} }
= dx x 2 dy y
2

C x
3
y
2
3
+ =
...(1)
Since the curve (1) passes through the point (2, 3) C ) 2 (
3
) 3 (
2
3
+ = 9 = 4 + C C = 5
Substituting this value of C in (1), we have
5 x
3
y
2
3
+ =
i.e., y
3
3x
2
= 15 or y =
3 2
15 x 3 +
Ex.5 At any point ( x, y) of a curve, the slope of the tangent is twice the slope of the line
segment j oining the point of contact to the point ( 4, 3) . Find the equation of the
curve, given that it passes through ( 2, 1) .
Sol. It is given that |

'

+
+
= |

'

=
x 4
y 3
2
x 4
y 3
2
dx
dy
dx
x 4
2
dy
y 3
1
+
=
+
On integrating, we have, log |3 + y| = 2 log | 4 + x | + C
Since the curve passes through the point (2, 1)
we substitute the value x = 2 and y = 1 in Eq. (1) and get
log |3 + 1| = 2 log |4 2| + C C = log 4 2 log 2 = 2 log 2 2 log 2 = 0
Hence, from (1), the required equation of the curve is
log |3 + y| = 2 log |4 + x| or 3 + y = (4 + x)
2
i.e., y + 3 = (x + 4)
2
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 119
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Q.8 Show that each of the following differntial equation is homogeneous and solve it :
dy y
x y xsin 0
dx x

+ =


Sol. The differential equation can be written as
x
x
y
sin x y
dx
dy
|

'

=
f (x, y) is a homogeneous function of degree 1.
homogeneous function of order 1.
Thus, the given equation is a homogeneous differential equation.
Put y = vx so that
dx
d
x
dx
dy v
+ v =
Substituting the vaues of y and
dx
dy
in (1), we have
v v =
|

'
v
v
=
v
+ v sin
x
x
x
sin x x
dx
d
x

v =
v
sin
dx
d
x

x
dx
d .
sin
1
= v
v
Integrating both sides, we have
} }
= v
v x
dx
d
sin
1

}
+ = v v | C log | x log d ec cos

| C log | x log
2
tan tan + =
v

2
tan
v
=
x
C

x
C
x 2
y
tan =
i.e.,
C
x 2
y
tan x =
Ex.9 Show that the equation of the curve whose slope at any point (x, y) is equal to y + 2x
and which passes through the origin by y + 2(x + 1) = 2e
x
Sol. Here, we have
x 2 y
dx
dy
+ =

x 2 y
dx
dy
=
Here, P = 1 and Q = 2x I.F. =
} }

=
dx . 1
1
dx P
e e
x
x
e
1
e = =

So, the general solution of the differential equation (1) is
}
+ = C dx
e
x 2
e
1
. y
x x

}
+ =

C dx e . x 2
e
1
. y
x
x
C ] dx e xe [ 2
x x
+ + =
}

ye
x
= 2xe
x
2e
x
+ C
Since the curve passes through the origin (0, 0) we have
C e 2 e . 0 . 2 e 0
0 0 0
+ =

C = 2
Hence, the equation of the curve is
ye
x
= 2xe
x
2e
x
+ 2 i.e., y = 2x 2 + 2e
x
or y + 2(x + 1) = 2e
x
Ex.10 Find the equation of a curve passing through the point (0, 2) given that the sum of the
coordinates of any point on the curve exceeds the magnitude of the slope of the tan-
gent to the curve at that point by 5.
Sol. According to the question,
x + y =
5
dx
dy
+

dx
dy
y = x 5
Here, P = 1 and Q = x 5 ...(1)
x
dx 1 dx P
e e e . F . I

= = =
} } So, the general solution of the D.E. (1) is
}
+ =

C dx e ) 5 x ( ye
x x

} }
+ =

C dx e 5 dx xe ye
x x x
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 121
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UNSOLVED PROBLEMS
EXERCISE I
Q.1 Determine the order and egree of each of the following differential equation
(i) x
4
|

'

dx
dy
4xy 3x
3
= 0 (ii)
x
2
2
2
e 4 y 9
dx
y d
x
1

= +
|
|

'

(iii)
2
2
2
dy 1 y
xy (1 x x )
dx
1 x
|
+
= + + |
|
+
'
Q.2 Form the differential equation corresponding to y
2
2ay + x
2
= a
2
by eliminating a.
Q.3 Form the differential equation of the equation (x + a)
2
2y
2
= a
2
by eliminating a.
Q.4 Form the differential equation corresponding to (x a)
2
+ 2y
2
= a
2
by eliminating a.
Q.5 Form the differential equation y = ax
2
+ bx + c. eliminating a, b, c.
Q.6 Show that y = A sin x + B cos ex + x sin x is a solution of the differential equation y +
2
2
dx
y d
=
2e cos x
Q.7 Show that y = log (x +
2 2
a x + )
2
satisfies the differential equation (a
2
+ x
2
)
2
2
dx
y d
+ x
dx
dy
= 0
Q.8 Show that y =
x tan
1
ce

is a solution of the differential equation (1 + x)
2
2
2
dx
y d
+ (2x 1)
dx
dy
= 0
Q.9 Show that y = Ax +
x
B
, x = 0 is a solution of the differential equation 0 y
dx
dy
x
dx
y d
x
2
2
= +
Q.10 Solve the differential equation
dx
dy
= cos
3
x sin
2
x + x
1 x 2 +
, x e
|

,
2
1
Q.11 Solve the differential equation cos x
dx
dy
cos 2x = cos 3x
Q.12 Solve the differential equation (1 + x
2
)
dx
dy
x = 2 tan
1
x
Q.13 Solve the differential equation cos y dy + cos x sin y dx = 0 given that y =
2
t
when x =
2
t
Q.14 Solve the differential equation =
dx
dy
e x + 1, given that y = 3 when x = 0.
Q.15 Solve the differential equation (1 + y
2
) dx xy dy = 0, and which passes through (1, 0).
Q.16 Solve the differential equation x
dx
dy
sin
|

'

x
y
+ x y sin
|

'

x
y
= 0, y (1) =
2
t
Q.17 Solve the differential equation xe
y/x
y sin
2
t
+ x
dx
dy
sin
|

'

x
y
= 0, y(1) = 0
Q.18 Solve the differential equation xy log
y
x
dx +
|
|

'

y
x
log x y
2 2
dy = 0, given that y (1) = e
Q.19 Solve the differential equation
dx
dy
+ y cot x = 2x + x
2
cot x (x = 0) given that y (t/2) = 0
Q.20 Solve the differential equation (1 + y
2
) dx = (tan
1
y x)dx, y(0) = 0
Q.21 Solve the differential equation x
dx
dy
y = log x, y(1) = 0
Q.22 The slope o the tangent at (x, y) to a curve passing through |

'
t
4
, 1 is given by
x
y
cos
2
x
y
.
Find the equation of the curve.
Q.23 The surface area of a balloon being inflated changes at a rate proportional to time t. If
initially its radius is 1 unit and after 1 second it is 3 units, find the radius after t seconds.
Q.24 The popluation grows at the rate of 5% per year. How long does it take four the population to
duble ?
Q.25 A radioactive substance disintegrates at a rate proportional to the amount of substance
present. If 50% of the given amount disintegrates in 1600 years. What precentage of the
substance disintegrates in 10 years ? [Take e
log 2/160
= 0.9957]
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 123
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Q.25 Solve the differential equation x
dx
dy
= y x tan
x
y
[C.B.S.E. 2009]
Q.26 Solve the differential equation cos
2
x
dx
dy
+ y = tan x [C.B.S.E. 2009]
Q.27 Solve the differential equation
dx
dy
+ y = cos x sin x [C.B.S.E. 2009]
Q.28 Solve the differential equation (x
2
+ 1)
dx
dy
+ 2xy = 4 x
2
+ [C.B.S.E. 2010]
Q.29 Solve the differential equation (x
3
+ x
2
+ x + 1)
dx
dy
= 2x
2
+ x [C.B.S.E. 2010]
Q.30 Solve the differential equation x dy y dx =
2 2
y x +
dx [C.B.S.E. 2011]
Q.31 Solve the differential equation (y + 3x
2
)
dy
dx
= x [C.B.S.E. 2011]
Q.32 Form the differential equation of the family of circles in the second. quadrant and touching
the coodinate axes. [C.B.S.E. 2012]
Q.33 Find the particular solution of the differential equation x(x
2
1)
dx
dy
= 1; y = 0 when x = 2.
[C.B.S.E. 2012]
Q.34 Solve the following differential equation : [C.B.S.E. 2012]
(`1 + x
2
) dy + 2 xy dx = cot x dx; x
=
0
Q.35 Find the particular solution of the differential equation [C.B.S.E. 2013]
(tan
1
y x) dy = (1 + y
2
) dx, given that when x = 0, y = 0.
ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE 1 (UNSOLVED PROBLEMS)
1. (i) order-1, degree-1 (ii) order-2, degree-1 (iii) order-1, degree-1
2. (x
2
2y
2
)
2
dx
dy
|

'

4xy
dx
dy
x
2
= 0 3. x
2
+ 2y
2
= 4xy
dx
dy
4. 4xy
dx
dy
= 2y
2
x
2
5.
3
3
dx
y d
= 0 10. y =
3
1
sin
3
x
5
1
sin
5
x +
, C ) 1 x 2 (
6
1
) 1 x 2 (
10
1
2
3
2
5
+ + +
x e
|

,
2
1
11. y = sin 2x x + 2 sin x + log |sec x + tan x| + C, x = (2n + 1)
2
t
, n e Z
12. y =
2
1
log |1 + x
2
| + (tan
1
x)
2
+ C 13. log sin y + sin x = 1 14. y = (x + 1) log |x + 1| x + 3
15. x
2
= (1 + y
2
) 16. log | x | = cos |

'

x
y
, x = 0 17.
y/x 2
y y
e sin cos 1 log x , x 0
x x

| |
+ = + =
`
| |
' ' )
18.
2
2
y 2
x
log
y
x

2
2
y 4
x
log y = 1
2
e 4
3
19. y = x
2

x sin 4
2
t
(sin x = 0) 20. (x tan
1
y + 1)e
tan 1
y = 1