Field Guide: Cinematographer'S

832Cov_c 11/1/04 9:21 AM Page 1
H-2
$7.95
CAT 141 3871
CINEMATOGRAPHER’S
FIELD GUIDE
Entertainment Imaging
Eastman kodak Company
Rochester, NY 14650
Cinematographer’s
Field Guide
KODAK
MOTION
PICTURE
CAMERA
FILMS
Cinematographer’s
Field Guide
Eleventh Edition, October 2004
© Eastman Kodak Company, 2004
ISBN 0-87985-749-8
Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 97-77797
CONTENTS Page No.
INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
KODAK MOTION PICTURE CAMERA FILMS
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MPF-1
Color Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MPF-2
KODAK Motion Picture Camera Films . . . . . . . . MPF-4
Film Data (for each camera film) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MPF-6
Incident-Light Illumination
Table (footcandles) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MPF-36
FILTER INFORMATION
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Types of Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Filters for Black-and-White Films . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Color Compensating Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Conversion Filters for Color Films . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
KODAK Light Balancing Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Neutral Density Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Approximate Correlated Color Temperature for
Various Light Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
TIPS AND TECHNIQUES
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Aspect Ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Force (Push) Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Storage and Care of Motion Picture Films . . . . . . . . . . 11
Filmmaker’s Flow Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Shooting for Television . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Getting Ready . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Flashing Camera Films to Lower Contrast. . . . . . . . . . 21
Exposed Film—What Now? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
FORMATS AND PACKAGING
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Specification Numbers for Camera Films. . . . . . . . . . . 23
How to Read a Film Can Label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Cores and Spools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Winding Designations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Perforation Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Quantities—Standard Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
ORDERING RAW STOCK
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
How to Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
The Catalog Number (CAT No.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Product and Technical Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Limitation of Liability on Sensitized Goods . . . . . . . . 40
9/04 iii
INTRODUCTION
This pocket-sized publication provides up-to-date and
easy-to-use information about all KODAK Motion
Picture Camera Films and several related subjects. We
designed the book to help you choose and order the right
films for your needs and to help you use the films most
effectively. The guide is divided into five major sections
for easy reference:
Motion Picture Camera Films
Filter Information
Tips and Techniques
Formats and Packaging
Ordering Raw Stock
Brief but comprehensive descriptions of each black-
and-white and color camera film appear in the section
KODAK Motion Picture Camera Films. The section Filter
Information contains charts for color conversion, neutral
density, color balancing, filter factors, and color temper-
ature. The section Tips and Techniques covers film
storage and care, shooting for television, must-have items
for your on-location ditty bag, survival tools, flashing
techniques, force processing, a filmmaker’s flowchart,
and more. The section Formats and Packaging clears up
any questions you might have concerning spec numbers,
iden numbers, film can label terms and numbers, and
packaging information. The last section, Ordering Raw
Stock, tells you how to order film and lists names,
addresses, and telephone numbers of Kodak people
worldwide who can answer your questions about film
and film orders.
This edition includes the newest KODAK VISION2
Color Negative Films, the highest quality camera films
available from Kodak. VISION2 Films offer superior tech-
nology for image capture and seamlessly intercut with all
KODAK Motion Picture Color Negative Films.
iv 9/04
KODAK VISION2 Films are the first line of products
specifically created for both traditional and digital post-
production. Offering wider latitude, superior shadow
and highlight detail, and excellent tone scale and flesh-
to-neutral reproduction. VISION2 Films are also
engineered to maintain neutrality through the full range
of exposure, allowing you more flexibility from capture
to post.
An edge-numbering system for KODAK Motion
Picture Camera Films features both electronic- and oper-
ator-read characters. The digital numbers, called
EASMAN KEYKODE Numbers, are in the form of a
machine-readable barcode and a human-readable letter
code. This feature provides the potential for automated
film handling. All KODAK Motion Picture Color
Negative and Black-and-White Camera Films have
KEYKODE Numbers.
Note: The Kodak filter materials and other brand name

products we describe in this publication, are available
from photographic supply dealers. Equivalent materials
can be used.
Need Another H-2?
This publication and many others are available at the
Kodak website at www.kodak.com/go/motion, or visit
www.kodak.com and choose Service and Support. You
can purchase extra copies of Publication No. H-2 from
the nearest Kodak company or distributor in your
country. U.S. residents can order directly from Eastman
Kodak Company by calling 1 (800) 233-1650. Please
provide CAT No. 141 3871 when placing your order.
9/04 V
Motion Picture
Camera Films
KODAK MOTION PICTURE
CAMERA FILMS
Introduction
This section provides pertinent information about all
currently available KODAK Motion Picture Camera
Films.
A quick reference chart of all the films is on page
MPF-4. Page references for the individual film-
information sheets as they appear in this guide are
included at the right of the chart. The detailed
descriptions for each film begin on page MPF-6 and
include the following information:
• Film code number and film name
• Exposure indexes and filters
• General properties
• Trial exposure settings
• Illumination table and light-contrast suggestions
• Filter factors
• Reciprocity characteristics
• Handling
• Availability
Caution: Load and unload all camera spools in total
darkness to prevent edge fog on the film.
H-1 Data Sheets Available

Detailed data sheets for all KODAK Motion Picture
Camera Films are available at the Kodak website at
www.kodak.com/go/motion, or visit www.kodak.com
and choose Service and Support. In countries outside
the U.S., contact one of the facilities listed in the back of
this book. Be sure to include the name and code number
for each film data sheet you request. (For example:
KODAK VISION2 500T Color Negative Film 5218
[35 mm] and 7218 [16 mm], KODAK Publication
No. H-1-5218.)
9/04 MPF-1
Technical Information
For technical information in the United States, call
the Kodak Information Center (KIC), 9:00 a.m. to
7:00 p.m. Eastern time, Monday through Friday, at
1 (800) 242-2424. In Canada, call 1 (800) 465-6325,
Monday through Friday, from 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
Eastern time. Outside the United States and Canada,
contact Kodak or a distributor in your country.
A Note on T-Stops and F-Stops
When discussing lens aperture size, cinematographers
traditionally refer to t-stops while still photographers refer
to f-stops. A t-stop is a measure of actual light
transmission by the lens. An f-stop is the theoretical ratio
of the lens’ focal length to the diameter of its entrance
pupil (approximately the aperture diaphragm size in a
symmetrical lens). What relates the two is the lens’
efficiency in transmitting light; if the lens could transmit
all the light entering it, its t-stop and f-stop would be the
same (ANSI PH 22.90-1987, Aperture Calibration of
Motion Picture Lenses, Method for Determining, gives
full details).
Color Temperature
The color quality of some light sources can be stated in
color temperature; it’s a measure that defines the color of
a light source relative to the visual appearance and
expressed in degrees Kelvin (K). There are at least two
important points to consider when using color tempera-
ture values. First, color temperature refers only to the
visual appearance of a light source and does not
necessarily describe its photographic effect. Second, color
temperature dosen’t take the spectral distribution of a
light source into account. Unless the light source has a
continuous spectral distribution, its effective color
temperature alone may not be reliable as a means of
selecting a suitable correction filter. Forexample,
fluorescent lamps do not have the continuous smooth
spectral-distribution curve that is characteristic of a
tungsten-filament source.
MPF-2 9/04
It is possible for two or more light sources to be
described as having the same color temperature, even
though photographic results obtained with each may be
quite different. Only a wavelength-by-wavelength
comparison of film sensitivity and spectral output of a
lamp can determine the exact filters required to balance
the light-to-film response. KODAK Motion Picture
Films have a photographic latitude that makes unusual
filtration unnecessary, except for special visual effects.
For most photography, filter recommendations in this
publication are capable of producing excellent-quality
pictures with the products described.
All light sources, whether daylight, tungsten, or
fluorescent, emit energy at a precise color temperature at
a given moment and may not remain consistent. Some
factors that affect color temperature are sun angle,
conditions of sky (clouds, dust, haze), age of lamps,
voltage, reflectors, etc. Deviations from the expected light
source color temperature will cause an overall color shift
in the finished product. While this difference may be
color corrected in printing, there could be some
unforeseen mired shifts. The light source color
temperature should be monitored with a color tempera-
ture meter and corrected as necessary at the source,
camera, or both.
Only recommended conversion filters (e.g. daylight
to artificial light) that are placed on the camera are listed
in this publication. Since they may not be consistent with
previous recommendations, use the current recommen-
dations for exposures and testing. Light source filters
(filters on lamps, arcs, etc.) are not listed because of the
many varieties and color temperatures of the sources.
The manufacturers of these light sources should be
contacted for filter recommendations. It is suggested that
all filter recommendations be tested before actual
shooting.
9/04 MPF-3
KODAK Motion Picture Camera Films
Code No.
Film Name 35 mm 16 mm Super 8
KODAK VISION2 Expression 500T 5229 7229 —
KODAK VISION2 500T 5218 7218 7218
KODAK VISION2 250D 5205 7205
KODAK VISION2 200T 5217 7217 7217
KODAK VISION2 100T 5212 7212 —
KODAK VISION 500T 5279 7279 —
KODAK VISION 250D 5246 7246 —
EASTMAN EXR 50D 5245 7245 —
EASTMAN EKTACHROME 100D 5285 7285 —
EASTMAN PLUS-X 5231 7231 —
EASTMAN DOUBLE-X 5222 7222 —
KODAK PLUS-X — 7265 7265
KODAK TRI-X — 7266 7266
MPF-4 9/04
Exposure Index
KODAK WRATTEN Gelatin Filter
Tungsten See
Type Daylight (3200 K) Page
320 with
Color Negative Filter No. 85 500 MPF-6
320 with
64 with
Color Negative 250 Filter No 80A MPF-10
125 with
64 with
320 with
200 with
64 with
Color Negative 250 Filter No. 80A MPF-20
125 with
12 with
Color Negative 50 Filter No. 80A MPF-24
25 with
Color Reversal 100 Filter No. 80A MPF-26
B&W Negative 80 64 MPF-28
B&W Negative 250 200 MPF-30
B&W Reversal 100 80 MPF-32
B&W Reversal 200 160 MPF-34
9/04 MPF-5
KODAK VISION2 Expression
500T Color Negative Film
5229 / 7229
Available in 35 mm and 16 mm
Tungsten EI 500
Exposure Indexes and Filters
KODAK WRATTEN Exposure
Light Source
Gelatin Filters Index (DIN)
on camera*
Tungsten 3000 K 82B 320

Tungsten 3200 K None 500
Tungsten Photoflood 3400 K None 500
Daylight 5500 K 85 320
Metal Halide H.M.I. 85 320
White-Flame Arcs 85B 200

Yellow-Flame Arcs CC20Y 320
OPTIMA 32 None 500

VITALITE No. 85 320
Fluorescent**
Cool White 85 + CC10M 200
Fluorescent**
Deluxe Cool White 85C + CC10R 320
*These are approximate corrections only. Make final corrections during

printing.
**These are approximate filter requirements. When the lamp type is unknown,
use a KODAK WRATTEN Gelatin Filter CC40R with a trial exposure index
of 320.
MPF-6 9/04
5229/7229
Process: ECN-2
General Properties: KODAK VISION2 Expression
500T Color Negative Film 5229 / 7229 is better than
ever. With greatly reduced grain and superior shadow
detail, this film offers a subdued range of contrast and
color saturation for smooth skin tones. Giving you more
flexibility in post and cleaner images from under-to
over-exposure.
The VISION2 Film family is the first line of products
created specifically for both film and digital post-
production. What’s more, all VISION2 Films provide
excellent tone scale and flesh-to-neutral reproduction.
With superior shadow and highlight detail and very
fine grain. VISION2 Films also maintain neutrality
through the full range of exposure. So you can convey
exactly the look you intended all the way from capture
to post.
Illumination (Incident Light) Table for Tungsten Light
(24 frames per second, 170° shutter opening)
Lens Aperture f/1.4 f/2 f/2.8 f/4 f/5.6 f/8 f/11 f/16
Footcandles 5 10 20 40 80 160 320 640
Use this table for average subjects. When a subject

includes only pastels, use at least 1⁄2 stop less exposure;
dark colors require 1⁄2 stop more exposure.
Reciprocity Characteristics EI 500: No filter corrections
or exposure adjustments for exposure times from 1/1000
of a second to 1/10 second. In the 1-second range,
increase exposure 2/3 stop and use a KODAK
WRATTEN Gelatin Filter CC10Y. In the 10 second range,
increase exposure 1 stop and use a KODAK WRATTEN
Gelatin Filter CC20Y.
Handling: Total darkness
Available Roll Lengths: For information on film roll
lengths, check Kodak’s Professional Motion Imaging Price
Catalog, or contact a Kodak sales representative in your
country.
All rolls are identified with a product-code number and an internal
product-code symbol.
9/04 MPF-7
KODAK VISION2 500T
Color Negative Film
5218 / 7218
Available in 35 mm, 65 mm, 16 mm, and
Super 8 mm
Tungsten EI 500
Light Source
on camera*


OPTIMA 32 None 500

VITALITE 85 320
Cool White** 85 + CC10M 200

Deluxe Cool White** 85C + CC10R 320
*These are approximate corrections only. Make final corrections during printing.
use a KODAK WRATTEN Gelatin Filter CC40R with a trial exposure
index of 320.
MPF-8 9/04
5218/7218
Process: ECN-2
General Properties: KODAK VISION2 500T Color
Negative Film 5218 / 7218 is the lowest grain 500T film
available for clean, crisp images. Its toe speed is opti-
mized to enhance shadow detail and neutrality. The
curve shape is linear, which contributes to the overall
neutrality and flesh-to-neutral tone reproduction. You'll
appreciate its greater flexibility in film and digital post-
production. VISION2 500T Film is the right choice when
you require true, natural color over a wide range of
exposures.
Footcandles 5 10 20 40 80 160 320 640

Reciprocity Characteristics EI 500: No exposure or
filter compensation is required for exposure times
from 1/1000 to 1/10 second. If your exposure is in
the 1-second range, increase your exposure 2⁄3 stop
and use a KODAK WRATTEN Gelatin Filter
CC10R. In the 10-second range, increase exposure
1 stop and use a KODAK WRATTEN Gelatin
Filter CC10R.
country.
All rolls are identified with a product-code number.
9/04 MPF-9
KODAK VISION2 250D
Color Negative Film
5205 / 7205
Available in 35 mm, 65 mm, and 16 mm,
Daylight EI 250

Light Source
on camera*
Tungsten 3000 K 82A 64

Tungsten Photoflood 3400 K 82A 64
Daylight 5500 K None 250
Metal Halide H.M.I. None 250
White-Flame Arcs CC20Y + CC10C 160

Yellow-Flame Arcs CC30Y + CC10C 160
OPTIMA 32 80A 64
VITALITE None 250
Fluorescent**
Cool White CC20M 200
Fluorescent** 82C 160
Deluxe Cool White
use a KODAK WRATTEN Gelatin Filter CC20M + CC10B with a trial
exposure index of 125.
MPF-10 9/04
5205/7205
Process: ECN-2
General Properties: is an advanced, medium-speed film
that delivers superior imaging in daylight, artificial
daylight, and a variety of mixed lighting. Expect beautiful
fleshtones, accurate color reproduction, and—thanks to its
wider latitude—increased detail in shadow and highlight
areas. Add seamless intercutting with other KODAK
VISION2 Films and you have a versatile addition to your
storytelling toolkit.
The VISION2 Film family is the first line of products created
specifically for both film and digital postproduction. What’s
more, all VISION2 Films provide excellent tone scale and
flesh-to-neutral reproduction. With superior shadow and
highlight detail and very fine grain, VISION2 Films also
maintain neutrality through the full range of exposures. So
you can convey exactly the look you intended all the way
from capture to post.
Illumination (Incident Light) Table for Tungsten Light (24
frames per second, 170° shutter opening)
Footcandles 10 20 40 80 160 320 640 1250
Use this table for average subjects. When a subject includes

only pastels, use at least 1⁄2 stop less exposure; dark colors
require 1⁄2 stop more exposure.
Reciprocity Characteristics EI 250: No exposure or filter
compensation is required for exposure times from 1/1000 to
1/10 second. If your exposure is in the 1-second range,
increase your exposure 2 ⁄ 3 stop and use a KODAK
WRATTEN Gelatin Filter CC10Y. In the 10-second range,
increase exposure 1 stop and use a KODAK WRATTEN
Gelatin Filter CC10R.
country.
All rolls are identified with a product-code number.
9/04 MPF-11
KODAK VISION2 200T
Color Negative Film
5217 / 7217
Available in 35 mm, 65 mm, 16 mm, and
Super 8 mm
Tungsten EI 200

Light Source
on camera*


OPTIMA 32 None 200

VITALITE 85 125
Fluorescent**
Fluorescent** 85C + CC10R 125
Deluxe Cool White
index of 125.
MPF-12 9/04
5217/7217
Process: ECN-2
Negative Film 5217 / 7217 is highly versatile and
reliable, offering excellent image structure under a wide
variety of lighting conditions. This film also enables
you to shoot all scenes for digital compositing on the
same stock. Giving you pristine edges and making VFX
easier and more seamless than ever.
production. VISION2 200T Film has excellent tone scale
and flesh-to-neutral reproduction; superior shadow and
highlight detail; and very fine grain. It maintains
neutrality through the full range of exposure.
Footcandles 5 10 20 40 80 160 320 640

exposure adjustments for exposure times from 1/1000
of a second to 1/10 second. In the 1-second range,
increase exposure 2 ⁄ 3 stop and use a KODAK
WRATTEN Gelatin Filter CC10R. In the 10 second
range, increase exposure 1 stop and use a KODAK
WRATTEN Gelatin Filter CC10R.
country.
9/04 MPF-13
KODAK VISION2 100T
Color Negative Film
5212 / 7212
Available in 35 mm, 65 mm, and 16 mm
Tungsten EI 100

Light Source
on camera*


Yellow-Flame Arcs 85B 64
CC20Y
OPTIMA 32 None 100

VITALITE 85 64
Fluorescent**
Fluorescent**

printing.
index of 64.
MPF-14 09/04
5212/7212
Process: ECN-2
Negative Film 5212 / 7212 is the sharpest color negative
motion picture film. With excellent flexibility and
extremely fine grain, VISION2 100T Film offers clean
and crisp images. And 100T Film also includes superior
VFX capabilities, so you can shoot all your scenes for
digital compositing on the same stock.
production. VISION2 100T Film has excellent tone scale
and flesh-to-neutral reproduction; superior shadow and
highlight detail; and very fine grain. It maintains
neutrality through the full range of exposure.
Footcandles 25 50 100 200 400 800 1600 3200

adjustments for exposure times from 1/1000 of a second
to 1/10 second. In the 1-second range, increase exposure
2/3 stop and use a KODAK WRATTEN Gelatin Filter
CC10R. In the 10 second range, increase exposure 1 stop
and use a KODAK WRATTEN Gelatin Filter CC10R.
country.
9/04 MPF-15
KODAK VISION 500T
Color Negative Film
5279 / 7279
Tungsten EI 500
Also available in 35 mm, 65 mm, and 16 mm ESTAR Base

Light Source
on camera*


OPTIMA 32 None 500

VITALITE 85 320
Fluorescent**
Fluorescent**

printing.
index of 320.
MPF-16 9/04
5279/7279
Process: ECN-2
General Properties: This normal-contrast KODAK
VISION 500T Color Negative Film has traditional tone
scale and flesh tone reproduction. It offers excellent lati-
tude with rich blacks and clean whites, and delivers
colorful images with fine grain and high sharpness. A
robust, high-speed tungsten film that meets the needs of
most low-light cinematography for telecine transfer or
print release.
Footcandles 5 10 20 40 80 160 320 640

compensation is required for exposure times from
1/1000 to 1 second. If your exposure is in the 10-second
range, increase your exposure 2⁄3 stop and use a KODAK
WRATTEN Gelatin Filter CC10Y.
country.
9/04 MPF-17
KODAK VISION 320T
Color Negative Film
5277 / 7277
Tungsten EI 320
Light Source
on camera*


OPTIMA 32 None 320

VITALITE 85 200
Fluorescent*
Fluorescent*
index of 200.
MPF-18 9/04
5277/7277
Process: ECN-2
General Properties: KODAK VISION 320T Color
Negative Film. A tungsten-balanced film with fine
grain structure and very high sharpness. It features
lower overall contrast and an additional reduction in
toe contrast, which provides a significant increase in
underexposure latitude and shadow detail.
Footcandles 8 16 32 64 125 250 500 1000

Catalog, or contact a Kodak sales representative.
9/04 MPF-19
KODAK VISION 250D
Color Negative Film
5246 / 7246
Daylight EI 250

Light Source
on camera*

OPTIMA 32 80A 64
VITALITE None 250
Fluorescent*
Cool White CC20M 200
Fluorescent*
Deluxe Cool White 82C 160

printing.
MPF-20 9/04
5246/7246
Process: ECN-2
General Properties: KODAK VISION 250D Color
Negative Film. This daylight-balanced, medium-speed
film offers outstanding performance in mixed lighting.
It has exceptional sharpness, high speed, and fine grain
–usually found only in slower speed stocks. Plus, it
offers rich black shadows, clean white highlights, and
excellent flesh-to-neutral reproduction that make it a
popular choice for all flesh tones.
Illumination (Incident Light) Table for Daylight
Footcandles 10 20 40 80 160 320 640 1250

country.
9/04 MPF-21
KODAK VISION 200T
Color Negative Film
5274 / 7274
Tungsten EI 200

Light Source
on camera*


OPTIMA 32 None 200

VITALITE 85 125
Fluorescent**
Fluorescent**

printing.
index of 125.
MPF-22 9/04
5274/7274
Process: ECN-2
General Properties: KODAK VISION 200T Color
Negative Film. The remarkable sharpness and excep-
tionally fine grain of this tungsten-balanced film set it
apart from other medium-speed products. It features all
the color, contrast, and latitude filmmakers have come
to expect from the family of KODAK Motion Picture
Products.
Footcandles 12.5 25 50 100 200 400 800 1600

country.
9/04 MPF-23
EASTMAN EXR 50D
Color Negative Film
5245 / 7245
Daylight EI 50

Light Source
on camera*


Yellow-Flame Arcs 80C 25

OPTIMA 32 80A 12
VITALITE None 50
Fluorescent**
Cool White CC20M 40
Fluorescent**

printing.
MPF-24 9/04
5245/7245
Process: ECN-2
General Properties: When your assignment requires
fine image structure and slow speed, EASTMAN EXR
50D Film is an excellent choice. With micro-fine grain,
ultrasharp resolution, and underexposure latitude, it
allows you to capture rich, natural colors and helps you
pull out every last detail from any daylight exterior
source.
Footcandles 50 100 200 400 800 1600 3200 6400

compensation is required for exposure times from 1/1000
second to 1 second.
country.
9/04 MPF-25
KODAK EKTACHROME 100D
Color Reversal Film
5285
Daylight EI 100

Light Source
on camera*

OPTIMA 32 80A 25
VITALITE None 100
Fluorescent**
Cool White CC20M 80
Fluorescent**

printing.
use a KODAK WRATTEN Gelatin Filter CC20M + CC10B filter with a trial
MPF-26 9/04
5285
Process: E-6, cine machine
General Properties: KODAK EKTACHROME 100D
Color Reversal Film. A true 100-speed color reversal
motion picture film designed for daylight. Whether you
are shooting ads, music videos, documentaries,
television, or features, it delivers intensely saturated
color, plus a neutral gray scale and accurate skin tones.
All with sharpness you won’t find in any other
100-speed film.
Lens Aperture f/1.4 f/2 f/2.8 f/4 f/5.6 f/8 f/11
Footcandles 25 50 100 200 400 800 1600

1/1000 to 1 second.
country.
9/04 MPF-27
EASTMAN PLUS-X
Negative Film
5231 / 7231
Exposure Indexes: (For development to gamma of 0.65)
Daylight– 80 Tungsten– 64
Process: Black and white with KODAK Developer D-96.
Force Processing: 1 stop (or more) with some loss in
quality– check with your processing laboratory.
General Properties: EASTMAN PLUS-X Negative
Film. Improved EASTMAN PLUS-X Negative Film is a
medium speed, black-and-white camera negative film
designed for general production use both outdoors and
in the studio, and is widely used for making composite
projection background scenes. Improvements include
scratch-resistant backing and a process-surviving top
layer, both of which allow better camera transport char-
acteristics; reduced noise in the camera; improved raw
stock keeping; and decreased risk of ferrotyping.
Footcandles 40 80 160 320 640 1280 2560
KODAK Filter Factors

WRATTEN
Filter No. 3 8 12 15 21 23A 8N5 25 29 96*
Daylight 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 5 5 8 25 8
Filter Factor
*For use in bright sunlight to reduce the exposure without modifying color
renderingor depth of field. This neutral-density filter in a density of 0.90
provides a reductionequivalent to 3 full stops.
MPF-28 9/04
5231/7231
Reciprocity Characteristics: No compensation is
needed for exposure or filter adjustments for exposure
times ranging from 1/1000 to 1/10 second. At 1 second,
increase exposure by 1⁄2 stop.
lengths, check Kodak's Professional Motion Imaging Price
country.
All rolls are identified with a product-code number and an
internal product-code symbol.
9/04 MPF-29
EASTMAN DOUBLE-X
Negative Film
5222 / 7222
Exposure Indexes: (For development to gamma of 0.65)

Process: Black and white with KODAK Developer D-96.
Force Processing: 1 stop (or more) with some loss in
quality– check with your processing laboratory.
General Properties: EASTMAN DOUBLE-X Negative
Film. Improved EASTMAN DOUBLE-X Negative Film
5222/7222 is a high-speed, black-and-white camera
negative film with excellent image-structure character-
istics designed for general production use both
outdoors and in the studio. Improvements include
scratch-resistant backing and a process-surviving top
layer, both of which allow better camera transport char-
acteristics; reduced noise in the camera; improved raw
stock keeping; and decreased risk of ferrotyping.
Footcandles 13 25 50 100 200 400 800

WRATTEN
Filter No. 3 8 12 15 21 23A 25 29 96*
Daylight 1.5 1.5 2.0 3.0 3.0 5 8 20 8
Filter Factor
rendering or depth of field. This neutral-density filter in a density of 0.90
MPF-30 9/04
5222/7222
Reciprocity Characteristics: No exposure or filter
1/10,000 to 1 second.
country.
9/04 MPF-31
KODAK PLUS-X Reversal Film
7265
Available in 16 mm and Super 8

Exposure Indexes*: (For recommended reversal
processing)
For negative processing (gamma = 0.65) in a typical
negative motion picture film developer, use the following
exposure indexes:
Process: This film should be processed with KODAK
B&W Reversal Process Kit Chemicals or with solutions
prepared according to the formulas presented in KODAK
Publication No.H-24, Processing KODAK Motion Picture
Films, Module 15, Processing Black-and-White Films.
Note: KODAK B&W Reversal First Developer and
Replenisher (D-94A) and KODAK B&W Reversal Bleach
and Replenisher (R-10) should be used with this film
General Properties: KODAK PLUS-X Reversal Film
7265 is a medium-speed, panchromatic black-and-white
film suitable for general exterior photography. It has a
high degree of sharpness, good contrast, and tonal
gradation. It can also be used in interior photography
with ample artificial illumination. When processed as a
reversal film, the resulting positive can be used for
projection or for duplication. Processed as a negative
material by conventional methods, the film will yield
satisfactory results, although a print will be necessary.
*When exposed in Super 8 cameras through a KODAK WRATTEN Gelatin
Filter No. 85, the effective speed is reduced to 32 for daylight. In automatic
cameras, due to the cartridge speed and filter notching system, the film will
be exposed as follows:
Daylight (no filter) 50
Daylight (with filter) 25
Tungsten (without filter) 40
MPF-32 9/04
7265
This table is based on EI-80 (tungsten) and reversal
processing with a shutter speed of approximately
1/50 second, 24 frames per second (fps), and 180-degree
shutter opening:
Lens Aperture f/1.4 f/2 f/2.8 f/4 f/5.6 f/8
Footcandles * 32 64 125 250 500 1000
*
At 18 frames per second, use 3/4 of the foot-candles (fc) shown. When the
film is used as a negative material, the values specified should be doubled.

WRATTEN
Filter No. 3 8 12 15 21 23A 25 29 96*
Daylight 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 5.0 10 40 8
Filter Factor
Reciprocity Characteristics: No exposure or filter

1/1,000 to 1 second.
At an exposure time of 1/10,000 second, increase expo-
sure by 1/2 stop.
country.
9/04 MPF-33
KODAK TRI-X Reversal Film
7266
Available in 16 mm and Super 8

Exposure Indexes*: (For development to a gamma of 1.0)
For negative processing (gamma = 0.65) in a typical
negative motion picture film developer, use the
following exposure indexes:
Process: This film should be processed with KODAK
B&W Reversal Process Kit Chemicals or with solutions
prepared according to the formulas presented in
KODAK Publication No.H-24, Processing KODAK
Motion Picture Films, Module 15, Processing Black-and-
White Films.
Note: KODAK B&W Reversal First Developer and
Replenisher (D-94A) and KODAK B&W Reversal Bleach
and Replenisher (R-10) should be used with this film.
General Properties: KODAK TRI-X Reversal Film 7266

A high-speed, panchromatic black-and-white film with
an antihalation undercoat that makes it suitable for
general interior photography with artificial light. It can
also be used in daylight and is particularly useful for
sports pictures taken at regular speed or slow motion in
weak light (overcast sky or late in the day). This film is
characterized by excellent tonal gradation and sharp-
ness. When processed as a reversal film, the resulting
positive can be used for projection or for duplication.
Processed as a negative material by conventional
methods, the film will yield satisfactory results, although
a print will be necessary.
*Super 8 automatic cameras will expose the film at ASA 160 due to the
ANSI standard cartridge notching system.
MPF-34 9/04
7266
Lens Aperture f/1.4 f/2 f/2.8 f/4 f/5.6 f/8
Footcandles* 13 32 64 125 250 500
*At 18 frames per second, use 3/4 of the foot-candles (fc) shown. When the
film is used as a negative material, the values specified should be doubled.

WRATTEN
Filter No. 3 8 12 15 21 23A 25 29 96*
Daylight 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 5.0 10 40 8
Filter Factor
Reciprocity Characteristics: No exposure adjustment

is required for exposure times from 1/1,000 to 1 second.
country.
9/04 MPF-35
Incident-Light Illumination
(in footcandles)
(Frame rate: 24 frames/sec–approx1/50 sec)
NOTE: Data applies to both color and black-and-white films.
Exp Index Lens Opening

(Daylight
or Tungsten) f/1.4 f/2 f/2.8 f/4 f/5.6 f/8 f/11
12 200 400 800 1600 3200 6400 13000
16 160 320 640 1250 2500 5000 10000
20 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000
25 100 200 400 800 1600 3200 6400
32 80 160 320 640 1250 2500 5000
40 64 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000
50 50 100 200 400 800 1600 3200
64 40 80 160 320 640 1250 2500
80 32 64 125 250 500 1000 2000
100 25 50 100 200 400 800 1600
125 20 40 80 160 320 640 1250
160 15 32 64 125 250 500 1000
200 12 25 50 100 200 400 800
250 10 20 40 80 160 320 640
320 8 15 32 64 125 250 500
400 6 12 25 50 100 200 400
500 5 10 20 40 80 160 320
640 4 8 15 32 64 125 250
800 3 6 12 25 50 100 200
1000 * 5 10 20 40 80 160
1250 * 4 8 15 32 64 125
1600 * 3 6 12 25 50 100
2000 * * 5 10 20 40 80
*Less than 3 footcandles
MPF-36 9/04
Filter
Information
FILTER INFORMATION
Introduction
Use the filter and color temperature charts in this
section as a quick reference and general guide. The
values are approximate; they offer good starting points
for trial exposures in critical work. For less demanding
work the recommendations may be adequate, but it is
always best to run tests before shooting final footage.
For photography with fluorescent lights, see the
individual film’s filter information in the
section“KODAK Motion Picture Camera Films.”
Types of Filters
Optical filters may be solid, liquid, or gaseous; only
solid filters are discussed in this book. These consist
mainly of colorants dissolved in a gelatin or in cellulose
acetate. Each KODAK Filter, gelatin or acetate, is
standardized for spectral transmittance and total
transmittance by special instruments, which apply an
optical form of limit gauge to these characteristics.
The dyes are obtained from a number of sources and
many have been synthesized. Like other dyes, the dyes
used in filters may, in time, change under certain
conditions of heat and light. In this publication, we will
address only filters for black-and-white films, color
compensating, conversion, light balancing, and neutral
density (No. 96).
Filters for Black-and-White Films

You can use a wide range of KODAK WRATTEN
Gelatin Filters with black-and-white negative films for
many purposes. They vary the contrast and tonal
rendering of the subject in a photograph, either to
correct to the normal visual appearance or to accentuate
special features. The total photographic effect obtained
with a particular filter depends on four main factors: its
spectral absorption characteristics; the spectral
sensitivity of the sensitized material; the color of the
subject to be photographed; and the spectral quality of
the illuminant.
1
Filter Factors* for KODAK Motion Picture Films
Negative Films Reversal Films
Filter PLUS-X DOUBLE-X PLUS-X TRI-X

No. 3 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
No. 8 (K2) 2.0 1.5 2.0 2.0
No. 12
2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0
(Minus Blue)
No. 15 (G) 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.5
No. 21 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.0
No. 23A 5 5 5 5
No. 8N5 5 5 6 6
No. 25 8 8 10 10
No. 29 25 20 40 40
No. 96 8 8 8 8
*All filters absorb part of the incident radiation, so their use usually requires
some increase in exposure over that required when no filter is used. The
number of times by which an exposure must be increased for a given filter
with a given material is called the filter factor, or multiplying factor.
Filter factors published for KODAK Products by

Kodak are intended only as approximate guides.
Published filter factors apply strictly to the particular
lighting conditions used in the laboratory where the
factors were determined. For scientific applications,
especially, the quality of light can vary widely so that it
may be desirable to determine the filter factor for actual
working conditions.
To determine a filter factor, choose a subject having a
neutral-gray area, or place an 18-percent gray card or a
photographic gray scale in the scene to be
photographed. Make one exposure without a filter. With
the filter set for the exposure, and beginning with the
unfiltered exposure setting, make a series of exposures.
Increase each in 1⁄ 2-stop increments through a 2- to
4-stop greater exposure (very dense filters may need
more). After processing the negative, match densities of
the unfiltered exposure with the filter series either
visually or with a densitometer. Choose the filtered
exposure that is closest to the unfiltered exposure. Some
additional exposure adjustments may be necessary.
2
Below is a conversion table of filter factors to exposure
increase in stops.
Filter + Filter + Filter +
Factor Stops Factor Stops Factor Stops
1
1.25 ⁄2 4 2 12 32⁄ 3
2
1.5 ⁄3 5 21⁄ 3 40 51⁄ 3
2
2 1 6 2 ⁄3 100 62⁄ 3
2.5 11⁄ 2 8 3 1000 10
3 12⁄ 3 10 31⁄ 3 – –
Each time a filter factor is doubled, increase the

exposure by 1 stop. For example, a filter factor of 2
requires a 1-stop exposure increase. A filter factor of 4
requires a 2-stop exposure increase. Use this example for
filter factors not listed in the above table.
Color Compensating Filters

Color compensating filters control light by attenuating
the red, green, or blue part of the spectrum. While
controlling one color, the filter transmits one or both of
the other two colors. Thus, color compensating filters
can make changes to the color balance of pictures
recorded on color films, or compensate for deficiencies
in the spectral quality of a light source. For optimum
results, use the single recommended color
compensating filter rather than combining filters (for
example, CC20Y + CC20M = 20R, so using 20R only is
preferable). KODAK WRATTEN Gelatin Filters / Color
Compensating Filters have excellent optical quality and
are suitable for image forming optical systems; such as
a camera lens. For less critical work, use KODAK Color
Printing Filters (acetate).
3
Conversion Filters for Color Films
These filters are intended for use whenever significant
changes in the color temperature of the illumination are
required (for example, daylight to artificial light). The
filter may be positioned between the light source and
other elements of the system or over the camera lens in
conventional photographic recording.
Filter Filter Exposure Increase Conversion

Color Number In Stops* in Degrees K
80A 2 3200 to 5500
80B 1 2/3 3400 to 5500
Blue
80C 1 3800 to 5500
80D 1
/3 4200 to 5500
85C /3
1
5500 to 3800
85 /3
2
5500 to 3400
85N3 1 2/3 5500 to 3400
85N6 2 2/3 5500 to 3400
Amber
85N9 3 2/3 5500 to 3400
85B 2
/3 5500 to 3200
85BN3 1 2/3 5500 to 3200
85BN6 2 2/3 5500 to 3200
*These values are approximate. Check critical work accurately, especially

if you use more than one filter.
4
KODAK Light Balancing Filters
Lightbalancing filters enable the photographer to make
minor adjustments in the color quality of illumination to
obtain cooler (bluer) or warmer (yellower) color
rendering. KODAK Light Balancing Filters are used in
scenes where light sources exhibit color temperatures
that are different from those a film is balanced for. When
using a color temperature meter to determine the color
temperature of prevailing light, use the table below,
which for conversions of the prevailing temperature to
either 3200 K or 3400 K.
Exposure To Obtain To Obtain

Filter Filter Increase 3200 K 3400 K
Color Number in Stops* from: from:
82C + 82C 11/3 2490 K 2610 K
82C + 82B 11/3 2570 K 2700 K
82C + 82A 1 2650 K 2780 K
82C + 82 1 2720 K 2870 K
Bluish
82C 2
/3 2800 K 2950 K
82B 2
/3 2900 K 3060 K
82A 1
/3 3000 K 3180 K
82 1
/3 3100 K 3290 K
81 1
/3 3300 K 3510 K
81A 1
/3 3400 K 3630 K
81B 1
/3 3500 K 3740 K
Yellowish
81C 1
/3 3600 K 3850 K
81D 2
/3 3700 K 3970 K
81EF 2
/3 3850 K 4140 K
5
Neutral Density Filters
In black-and-white and color photography, filters such
as the KODAK WRATTEN Gelatin Filter / Neutral
Density Filter, No. 96, reduce the intensity of light
reaching the film without affecting the tonal rendition in
the original scene. In motion-picture work or other
photography, neutral density filters allow for the use of
a large aperture to obtain differential focusing. You can
use them when filming in bright sunlight or with very
fast films. These filters control exposure when the
smallest aperture is still too large. Also available are
KODAK WRATTEN Gelatin Filters with combinations
of neutral density and color conversion filters (for
example, No. 85N3). These filters combine the light-
conversion characteristics of KODAK WRATTEN
Gelatin Filter, No. 85 with neutral densities.
KODAK WRATTEN Gelatin Filter / Neutral Density
Filter, No. 96
Neutral Percent Filter Exposure Increase

Density Transmittance Factor in Stops*
0.1 80 11/4 1
/3
0.2 63 11/2 2
/3
0.3 50 2 1
0.4 40 21/2 11/3
0.5 32 3 12/3
0.6 25 4 2
0.7 20 5 22/3
0.8 16 6 22/3
0.9 13 8 3
1.0 10 10 31/3
2.0 1 100 62/3
3.0 0.1 1000 10
4.0 0.01 10,000 132/3
6
Approximate Correlated Color
Temperature for Various Light Sources
Source Degrees Kelvin
Artificial Light
Match flame. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1700
Candle flame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1850
40-watt incandescent tungsten lamp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2650
75-watt incandescent tungsten lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2820
100-watt incandescent tungsten lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2865
500-watt incandescent tungsten lamp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2960
200-watt incandescent tungsten lamp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2980
1000-watt incandescent tungsten lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2990
3200-degree kelvin tungsten lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3200
Molarc “brute” with yellow flame carbons &
YF-101 filter (approx.) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3350
“C.P.” (color photography) studio tungsten lamp. . . . . . . . . 3350
Photoflood and reflector flood lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3400
Daylight blue photoflood lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4800
White flame carbon arc lamp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5000
High-intensity sun arc lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5500
Xenon arc lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6420
Daylight
Sunlight: sunrise or sunset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2000
Sunlight: one hour after sunrise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3500
Sunlight: early morning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4300
Sunlight: late afternoon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4300
Average summer sunlight at noon (Washington, D.C.) . . . . 5400
Direct mid-summer sunlight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5800
Overcast sky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6000
Average summer sunlight (plus blue skylight). . . . . . . . . . . 6500
Light summer shade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7100
Average summer shade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8000
Summer skylight will vary from . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9500 to 30,000
NOTE: Sunlight is the light of the sun only. Daylight is a combination of

sunlight plus skylight. The values given are approximate because many
factors affect color temperature. OUTDOORS: the sun angle, and the
conditions of the sky – clouds, haze, dust particles – raise or lower the
color temperature. INDOORS: lamp age (and blackening), voltage, type
of reflectors and diffusers affect tungsten bulbs – all of these can influ-
ence the actual color temperature of the light. Usually a change of
1 volt equals 10 degrees Kelvin. But this is true only within a limited
voltage range and does not always apply to “booster voltage” operation,
since certain bulbs will not exceed a certain color temperature regardless
of the increase in voltage.
7
Tips and
Techniques
TIPS AND TECHNIQUES
Introduction
This collection of ideas is provided by Kodak people and
others who work in the professional motion picture
industry. The section discusses force processing, flashing,
and shooting for television, what you need in the well-
stocked ditty bag, and tools to survive. Also in this
section (on the double foldout pages), is a filmmaker’s
flow chart that can help you with production scheduling.
If you have further questions about our films or their
applications, please refer to the last few pages in this
guide for the names, addresses, and phone numbers of
Kodak people worldwide who can help.
Aspect Ratios
The aspect ratio is the relationship between the width
and height of an image. While the image dimensions may
vary in size according to projection requirements, the
aspect ratio should comply with the cinematographic
intent.
The industry standard for 35 mm theatrical motion
pictures remained a constant 1.37:1 between the intro-
duction of sound and the introduction of Cinemascope
in 1953, when “wide-screen” presentations arrived. The
non-anamorphic or “flat” wide-screen presentations had
aspect ratios of 1.66:1, 1.75:1 and 1.85:1. Today 1.85:1 is
the wide-screen (flat) presentation format of choice in
the USA, while in Europe 1.66:1 is used.
In the early 1950’s, television’s demand for feature
films increased. The typical television display provides a
fixed aspect ratio of 1.33:1 (4 x 3) and many of the films
shown on television, to fill the picture height, lost a
substantial part of the image when this was “matted off”
at the edges. To rectify this incompatibility, the academy
aperture was introduced for flat (non-anamorphic)
presentations. The academy aperture produced an image
of greater height so that it would fill a television screen
without compromising the width. The usual procedure
when filming productions for both theatrical release and
conventional television transmission is called “shoot
and protect.” The camera viewfinder is “matted” to
indicate 1.85:1 for theatrical presentation and to keep all
6/02 9
pertinent action within this area. The cinematographer
must make certain no scene rigging, microphone booms,
cables, or lights are included in the expanded area that
will be transmitted on television at 1.33:1. Subsequent
interpositives, duplicate negatives, and prints contain
sufficient frame height to provide normal telecine trans-
mission. In the theater, the projectionist must use a 1.85:1
aperture plate and exercise some judgment in adjusting
the projector framing.
Super 16 is a format that employs single-perforation
16 mm film stock and has two objectives. Super 16 was
introduced in the early 1970s to provide an image suit-
able for enlargement to a 35 mm print for wide-screen
presentation and for origination that will be displayed on
wide-screen television (1.78:1 = 16 x 9). Super 16 and 3-
perforation 35 mm are great fits for wide-screen
television. The Super 16 camera aperture extends into
the area used for a sound track on conventional 16 mm
film providing more negative area to achieve a 1.66:1
aspect ratio, with some loss of image height when
enlarged to wide-screen 35 mm film (1.85:1) and to 1.78:1
(16 x 9) for wide-screen television.
The Super 35, 4-perforation system uses the entire
width of the film and is primarily used to extract an
anamorphic print for theatrical release by optical
reduction printing. This system is quite versatile; from a
Super 35 negative, 70 mm blow-up prints can be
produced, as well as extractions for 16 x 9 (1.78:1).
The Super 35, 3-perforation system is used for
extracting 16 x 9 (1.78:1) prints and for origination for
wide-screen television.
The 65 mm, 5-perforation system has a camera aperture
of 2.29:1. It is primarily used for special effects, but when
used in feature films, is projected on the screen using
70 mm release prints having an aspect ratio of 2.20:1. In
lieu of origination on 65 mm for theatrical presentation,
productions shot on 35 mm film with an anamorphic
lens or in the Super 35 system are optically enlarged onto
70 mm release prints.
Other formats employing 65 mm negatives include
8-perforation (HydroFlex Iwerks 870 camera), 10-perfo-
ration and the Imax 15-perforation (horizontal) format.
10 6/02
You can obtain more information from ANSI and/or Storage and Care of
SMPTE by requesting a copy of the standards docu- Motion Picture Films
ments Image Areas, Cameras; Image Areas, Projector;
and also Copy Dimensions for the sizes of the films you Although Kodak manufactures all KODAK Motion
Picture Camera Films to very high-quality stan-
will use.
dards, you need to exercise a certain amount of care
Force (Push) Processing in the storage of unexposed, exposed unprocessed,
and processed films. Given the care outlined in the
Force, or push, processing increases the effective speed chart on page 14, your films and film images will
of negative or reversal films by manipulating the time last longer and will not be adversely affected by
of development. This processing technique is usually short-term extremes of temperature and humidity.
requested to create a special effect, to compensate for Deviations from the recommended storage condi-
an error in film exposure, or because not enough light tions can initiate degradation and cause instability
is available. While you may increase the film speed, the of the silver or dye image. Deviations also weaken
effect may be detrimental to visual screen quality. the mechanical properties of the support, can
Pushing color film by 1 stop may have a minimal effect, delaminate the emulsion layers, and deform and
but further forcing may show a noticeable increase in distort the film. The recommended storage require-
grain and a softening of the shadows. Similar pushing ments must be maintained if quality is to be
conditions for black-and-white film will increase the retained.
grain and the contrast. Forced processing is considered There is further information on film storage and
one of the working tools of the motion-picture indus- preservation in The Book of Film Care, KODAK
try, but before requesting any forced processing, you Publication No. H-23. This publication also discuss-
should gain some familiarity with possible results es theatrical projection, dye stability, film handling,
through testing or discussion with laboratory person- rejuvenation and restoration, and it includes a Film
nel. However, today’s faster films have decreased the Care Checklist. You can purchase The Book of Film
need for forced processing. In any case, remember the Care, in the U.S. only, through Eastman Kodak
following important ideas: Company, Dept. 412L. For ordering information see
page 30. In countries outside the U.S., contact the
1. Find out if (and to what extent) your processing lab nearest Kodak company or distributor in your coun-
is prepared to offer force processing. try. Specifications for stability of imaging media on
2. When possible, discuss your needs in advance of film are outlined in detail in ANSI Standard
your assignment with a customer service representa- IT9.1-1989 and ANSI Standard IT9.11-1991.
tive or lab manager. A quick phone call usually gives
you an answer. Raw Stock Relative Humidity
3. Use the filter recommendations the lab may offer. The quantity of moisture held by a photographic
film at equilibrium is determined by US chemical
This helps you avoid unwanted color balance shifts.
properties and the relative humidity of the air.
4. Be aware of the limits of the process. Decide before- Motion picture raw stock is packaged in taped
hand if you can tolerate the losses in image quality cans. Until opened, the cans are water-vapor tight
that are associated with force processing your film. and do not require humidity-controlled storage.
The best advice is usually available at the processing However, avoid storage at relative humidities of 60
laboratory. percent or above. Such high humidities can damage
labels and cartons (from moisture and mold), and
can rust the cans. Keep raw stock in its original
taped can until you are ready to use the film.
Unfold ➧ 5/03 11
Filmmaker’s Flow Chart
SYNC. ADDITIONAL
CASTING RECORDING RECORDING
LOCATION OPTICAL AND

RESEARCH SELECTION STUDIO DIGITAL EFFECTS
ART INTERLOCK
REWRITES WORK TITLES REVIEWS
SCRIPT PRODUCTION PROCESSING

▲
▲
IDEA APPROVAL PLANNING SHOOTING AND WORK PRINT EDITING
SCRIPTING SCHEDULING SPECIAL MUSIC

EFFECTS
TREATMENT SET LOCATION SOUND

CONSTRUCTION EFFECTS
SET WILD NARRATION

DESIGN RECORDING
12
Storage Conditions Film and Airports
Short Term Long Term For the protection of travelers, all domestic airports
(less than 6 months) (more than 6 months) use electronic devices and X-ray equipment to check
% Relative % Relative passengers and hand-carried luggage. Film can tol-
Temperature Humidity Temperature Humidity erate some X-ray exposure but excessive amounts
Raw Stock will result in objectionable fog (increase in base film
(in original 13°C (55°F) below 60 –18 to – 23°C below density, and noticeable increase of grain). This is par-
sealed cans) (0 to –10°F) ticularly true for very high-speed films. In the
Exposed –18 to – 23°C† below 20* Not Recommended United States, passenger inspection inflicts only
Unprocessed (0 to –10°F)‡ (see text below) very low level rates of X-rays which should not per-
Processed 21°C (70°F) 60 or lower 21°C (70°F) 20 to 30 ceptibly fog most films (inspection stations can vary
B&W
in radiation inten-sity). However, the effects of X-
Color 21°C (70°F) 20 to 50 2°C (36°F) 20 to 30§
rays are cumulative, so repeated X-ray inspections
*Keep sealed (in original cans) until temperature is above the dew point can lead to an increase of fog and grain. Be cautious.
of outside air. (See table of warm-up times.)
†With possible loss of quality. You can avoid this danger to unprocessed film by
‡ Process exposed film as soon as possible after exposure. hand carrying it, including film in cameras, and ask-
§ For infrequent use and when maximum useful life is primary concern. ing the attendant to hand inspect it, thus bypassing
Temperature the X-rays.
Storage of raw stock at –18 to –23°C (0 to –10°F) reduces Foreign Travel
sensitometric deterioration but does not preserve the Airport security measures at international and for-
film indefinitely. When you remove a package of raw eign airports can pose a threat to unprocessed film.
stock from cold storage, allow it to warm up until its Not only is there a danger from X-rays, but security
temperature is above the dew point of the outside air and customs agents may open containers of
before you open it. For film in standard packages, use unprocessed film, ruining weeks of work.
the following table as a guide for warm-up times: The best protection, when traveling abroad, is to
write to the airport manager well in advance of
Warm-Up Time (hours) your arrival and explain the relevant details of your
Film Package for Sealed Packages trip. Give them your arrival time, flight number and
14°C (25°F) Rise 55°C (100°F) Rise departure time. List the equipment and film you’re
super 8 1 1/2 bringing to your destination. Ask if there are any
16 mm 1 11/2 steps you can take to expedite matters and ensure
35 mm 3 5 the safety of the film. Repeat the process before
Damage from moisture condensation occurs when leaving the foreign country. Speak with the airport
you remove the can from cold storage and do not allow manager and customs people, if possible, and make
sufficient warm-up time before you remove the seal. all advance arrangements that can be made.
For international travel, you may find it worth-
Protection Against Harmful Gases and Radiation while to work with an export company or customs
Certain gases, such as formaldehyde, hydrogen sulfide, broker. There are private companies that expedite
hydrogen peroxide, sulfur dioxide, ammonia, illumi- the handling of international shipments and do the
nating gas, motor exhaust, and vapors of solvents, paper work involved. Check the telephone directory
mothballs, cleaners, turpentine, mildew or fungus pre- yellow pages under “Exporters.”
ventives, and mercury can damage unprocessed and Another way to avoid problems is to have the film
processed film. It is safest to keep film away from such processed in the country where it was exposed.
contaminants. Eastman Kodak Company can help you find a local
laboratory. Just consult one of the offices listed in
➧ the back of this book.
14 Lift
INTERMEDIATES
INTERNEGATIVE
OPTICAL
SOUND TRACK
SOUND
INTERLOCK ORIGINAL RELEASE
▲
▲
TRACK PRINTING DISTRIBUTION
APPROVAL CONFORMING PRINTING
MIXING
▲ ▲
ANSWER
PRINT
▲
▲
ANSWER
PRINT
APPROVAL
13
Unprocessed Film Before and After Exposure
Exposed film, particularly color film, deteriorates more
rapidly than unexposed film. Process films as soon as
possible after exposure.
Do not keep film in the camera or magazine longer
than necessary. If you load magazines a long time ahead
of use, protect them from excessive temperature and
relative humidity until you load the camera.
Keep loaded cameras or magazines and carrying cases
out of closed spaces that can trap heat from the sun or
other heat sources. Closed automobiles, airplanes, or the
holds of ships should not be used for storage.
Immediately after exposure, return the film to its can
and retape the can to help prevent any increase in
moisture content.
Processed Film Storage
The following suggestions apply to extended storage of
all motion picture films. Be aware that color dyes are
more prone to change than are silver images over
extended periods, with heat and humidity being the
chief damaging factors. Before any extended storage (ten
years or more), these minimum guidelines should be
followed:
1. Make sure the film is adequately washed to remove
residual chemicals, and that the residual hypo level
does not exceed the recommended maximum. ANSI
PH 4.8-1985 describes a test method for residual hypo.
2. At present, only EASTMAN EKTACHROME Motion
Picture Films require stabilization during processing
for dye stability. Be sure process specifications have
been strictly followed.
3. All film should be as clean as possible. Cleaning is
best done professionally. If you use a liquid cleaner,
provide adequate ventilation. Adhere to local munic-
ipal codes in using and disposing of any solvents.
4. Keep film out of an atmosphere containing chemical
fumes, such as hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen peroxide,
sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, coal gas,
and automobile engine exhaust.
5. Do not store processed film above the recommended
21°C (70°F), 20 to 50 percent RH for acetate or for poly-
ester, if extended life expectancy is to be maintained.
15
6. Wind films with emulsions in and store flat in
untaped cans under the above conditions.
Shooting for Television

The television industry is changing. Advanced
standards for high-definition television (HDTV) put
more demands on the cinematographer. Even with the
new standards, film remains the ideal, independent
origination format. With film, you have the ability to
transfer to any electronic format, without conversions
problems.
Film origination format and aspect ratio are more
important than ever before. Film choices for origination
include 16 mm, super 16 mm, and 35 mm. When
cinematographers and producers compose the image,
they must decide to use the current 4:3 aspect ratio or
16:9 for HDTV. Some are shooting 4:3 and protecting the
edges for 16:9.
The most widely used films in the television industry
are KODAK Color Negative Films.
In all likelihood, your film will still end up on a video
format for broadcasting. An important part of this
process is the telecine transfer. Because the video output
of the telecine is only as good as the film transfer input,
this critical procedure must be performed with the
highest quality standards.
No matter what format or aspect ratio you choose, the
best television images start with the best practices in
cinematography.
In general, photography expressly for television
release should avoid high-contrast scenes and scenes
with important details in dark shadows or against very
bright backgrounds. The recommendations below
should help you get the best possible results.
1. Always have a white reference (something brighter
than a face) in every shot.
2. The white reference should not be more than 11⁄ 2
stops brighter than your subject’s face.
3. Keep your subjects away from windows or other
high- brightness backgrounds, such as white walls or
large expanses of open sky, except for a desired effect.
16
4. Don’t photograph dark-skinned people against very
bright or very dark backgrounds.
5. Try to maintain a range of 5 to 6 stops from the
brightest to the darkest parts of the shot. A lighting
ratio of 2:1 is a good starting point.
6. If you must shoot white or extremely bright costumes,
try to maintain a good face-to-face white reference
relationship. For these scenes, use soft lighting, such
as that produced by an overcast day or open shade.
7. Flat lighting will give very good results for television,
but may not be acceptable if the film is later released
for theaters.
Getting Ready
Utility Bag
• Sanford Sharpie, both fine
and ultra-fine point
• ear syringe
• small mag-type flashlight
• camel-hair lens brush
• lens tissue and lens
cleaner
• dental mirror
• magnifying glass
• white cloth camera tape
• black camera tape
• masking tape
• highest quality gaffer's tape
(NOT duct tape)
• scissors
• tweezers
• orange sticks
• American Cinematographer Manual
• assorted filters (85, 81EF,
LLD, complete set of neutral density filters;
yellow filters Nos. 2 thru 8 for B/W film)
• pencils and ballpoint pens
• screwdrivers
• paint brush (1-inch size with tapered bristles is
preferred)
• leakproof precision oil can
(the kind that looks like a fountain pen)
17
• rubber bands
• black cloth
• magazine belt clips and pick
Tools for Camera Maintenance

• longnose pliers
• diagonal cutters
• channel lock pliers
• screwdrivers—standard and Phillips head
• jeweler’s screwdriver set
• Allen wrenches
• open end and box wrench sets
• files (for metal and wood)
• pocket knife
• “C” clamps 3-in. (7.5 cm)
• spring clamps
• scriber
• 1⁄4 x 20 screws 1- and 21⁄2-in. (2.5 and 6 cm)
• 3⁄8 x 16 screws 1- and 21⁄2-in. (2.5 and 6 cm)
• washers
• tape measure (one 12 ft. and one minimum 50 ft.)
• voltmeter (w/adequate range to cover anticipated
voltages )
• electrical tape
• ground adapters (both the 3-pin plug adapter
and water pipe clamp types)
• electric drill and bits, up to 3⁄8-in. (0.75 cm)
• DREMEL Tool Kit and bits
• soldering iron and solder
• batteries: AA (12), AAA (12), 9V (4), and at least (2)
spare batteries for light meter
• small and medium crescent wrenches
• expansion bit (and bit brace, if not electric)
• KODAK Gray Card Plus
• canned air
• blank camera reports
• clapper board
18
Camera Accessories
• 100-ft (30 m) camera spool*
• spare film cores (6 minimum)
• spare 85 conversion filters
• assorted ND filters (at least 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9)
• black camera tape
• gaffer tape
• insert slate
• log sheets
• dental mirror
• magnifier
Camera Operator’s Meter Case

• favorite filters
• diffusion (gauzes or discs)
• two exposure meters
• color meter
• viewing filters
• calculators
• handbook (this one fits in almost any meter case)
You may also want a copy of the ASC Manual.
• magnifying glass
• small hand mirror
• aspirin tablets
Some items on these lists you may not use often—the
key is the word often—but even if you need an item
only once and have it among your photo gear, you will
be thankful that you remembered to bring it along.
*Load and unload all camera spools in subdued light.
19
Flashing Camera Films to Lower
Contrast
“Flashing” means to deliberately fog film by giving it a
uniform exposure before processing. The amount and
type of exposure will vary with the “look” desired. This
slight exposure lowers the film’s contrast to some
extent, primarily in the upper scale (shadow) areas, and
allows for more detail in the shadows. The results are
similar whether the film is pre- or post-flashed in a
laboratory or on the camera (using equipment supplied
by camera manufacturers).
Flashing is often done to establish a closer match
between films of different contrast characteristics that
will be intercut. Or to create pastels from more
saturated colors—enhancing shadow details that have
less fill light, etc. Effects such as changing the color of
shadows can be made by selective filtering (non-neutral
light source).
The amount of flash will affect the result, but flashing
intensity has its limits, and too much will distort the
image. Flashing is often measured in percentages by
cinematographers and laboratory personnel. There is
no consensus about what these percentages mean—this
is usually perceived through past experience, and, as
with most other creative techniques, it is important to
work closely with the laboratory and gain experience
through contacts and testing.
Exposed Film —What Now?

A Final Thought About Laboratories
Establish good communication with your lab. Doing so
will help this step of your production go smoothly.
Know your needs—Know what you need from a lab
and then discuss those needs with several labs before
making a choice. Consider such things as editing,
dubbing, special effects, animation, etc., so the lab can
help you accomplish those tasks in the best way
possible.
21
Get acquainted—Once you have made your choice of
labs, get to know the people who will do your work. Tell
them as much as you can about yourself, your needs,
and your style. The more you communicate with them
about yourself and your production, the better they can
serve you.
Get it In writing —Face-to-face discussions and tele-
phone calls are necessary for efficient work flow; but
when it comes to specifying what you want, when you
want it, and how much it will cost, a carefully written
document—the purchase order—is a must.
22
Formats and
Packaging
FORMATS AND PACKAGING
Introduction
This short section is important because it provides See your price catalog for additional listings
information on the various spools and cores, sizes, of formats and specifications.
windings, and packages for motion picture films.
Specification numbers, perforation types, and ordering
quantities are also explained.
Also included is a detailed description of a typical
film can label that will answer all your questions about
film can label nomenclature. (See “How to Read a Film
Can Label.”)
Specification Numbers for Camera Films
Film Width
Sp No. in mm Perforation Core / Spool / Mag Winding Remarks
35 mm
239 35 35 mm BH Y Footage numbered
240 35 35 mm BH Y Same as Sp 239-wound emulsion out, footage
numbered
241 35 35 mm DH Y Long pitch (0.1870); footage numbers
242 35 35 mm BH Y For high-speed cameras; footage numbered
417 35 35 mm BH S-83 100-ft spool none
441 35 35 mm BH Y No footage numbers
651 35 35 mm KS AA none
665 35 35 mm KS U none
666 35 35 mm KS Y none
670 35 35 mm KS Y No edgeprint
701 35 35 mm BH Y none
674 35 35 mm KS K No edgeprint
678 35 35 mm KS U Footage numbered
683 35 35 mm KS Y No edgeprint
718 35 35 mm BH U Footage numbered
722 35 35 mm BH U Tighter tolerance perfs
727 35 35 mm BH U Footage numbered
Note: When you combine a Specification Number with a film emulsion letter designation, it is known
as the Identification Number (e.g., EXH718).
Unfold ➧ Lift ➧
5/03 23
Specification Numbers for Camera Films (continued)
Film Width
35 mm (continued)
732 35 35 mm BH U Short pitch (0.1866)
739 35 35 mm BH Y Footage numbered, except ESTAR Base
746 35 35 mm BH U For leader stock
767 35 none Y Non-canned packaging, no frame line markings
798 65 35 mm BH U Long pitch (0.1870); latent image print footage
35 mm Multi-Perforated
256 35 mm 35/32-4 Row Y none
258 35 mm 32/16-2 Row V 1000-ft spool Perfs 1 and 3
694 35 mm 35/32-2 Row Y none
730 35 mm 35/32-2 Row Y Non-canned packaging, no frame line markings
733 35 mm 35/16-3 Row Y B Non-canned packaging, no frame line markings
735 35 mm 35/16-3 Row Y B none
780 35 mm 8 mm-2 Row U A none
791 35 mm 35/32-2 Row U none
65 mm and 70 mm
331 65 mm 65 mm KS P No edge markings
332 65 mm KS1866 P Emulsion In Latent image sequential numbers every 120 perfs
333 65 mm 65 mm KS P Latent image sequential numbers every 80 perfs
334 65 mm KS PA Emulsion In Latent image sequential numbers every 120 perfs
473 65 mm none J none
475 65 mm 70 mm BH S-84 100-ft spool Sequentially numbered every 3-9/16 inches
512 65 mm 70 mm BH S none
542 65 mm 65 mm KS S none
Note: When you combine a Specification Number with a film emulsion letter designation, it is known
as the Identification Number (e.g., EXH718).
23a
How to Read a Film Can Label
FILM
SPEED
Film provided with
KEYCODE edge print.
Upper portion
of label is peelable;
it can be placed on film
magazine as reminder
of product being used.
TUNGSTEN RATING “5218”=KIND OF FILM
with no filters will give “999”=EMULSION NUMBER
indicated speed ratings. “88877”=ROLL/PART NUMBER
DAYLIGHT RATING 2of5 LABEL STOCK

with an 85 filter will give BARCODE
indicated speed rating.
UCC/EAN
“35”= FILM WIDTH 128 CODES
“N”= PERFORATION
TYPE ID CATALOG
“4740”= PERFORATION NUMBER
PITCH (Inch)
“EI”= EMULSION POSITION
AND WINDING TYPE
(emulsion in)
FILM LETTER DESIGNATION
EITHER 3 LETTERS OR “SP” PLUS 3 DIGIT
“400”= LENGTH OF ROLL (In Feet) FINISHED FILM SPECIFICATION
“122” = LENGTH OF ROLL(In Meters)
➧ lift
24
Specification Numbers for Camera Films (continued)
Film Width
16 mm
324 16 16 mm-2 Edges G45 Emulsion out, attached with steel clip to core
430 16 16 mm-2 Edges R-90 100-ft spool 0.3000 pitch for high-speed cameras
432 16 16 mm-2 Edges R-190 200-ft spool 0.3000 pitch for high-speed cameras
434 16 16 mm-2 Edges S-153 400-ft spool 0.3000 pitch for high-speed cameras
435 16 16 mm-2 Edges Z 0.3000 pitch for high-speed cameras
437 16 16 mm-1 Edge S-153 400-ft spool B none
438 16 16 mm-2 Edges No. 6 Magazine No edgeprint; no edge numbers
445 16 16 mm-1 Edge A A For Aaton A-Minima® Camera
449 16 16 mm-2 Edges R-90 100-ft spool none
450 16 16 mm-2 Edges R-190 200-ft spool none
451 16 16 mm-2 Edges T 2-in. O.D. core for lengths through 400 ft
452 16 16 mm-2 Edges Z 3-in. O.D. core for lengths over 400 ft
452N 16 16 mm-2 Edges Z 0.2994 pitch
455 16 16 mm-1 Edge R-90 100-ft spool B none
455P 16 16 mm-1 Edge R-90 100-ft spool B Processing included
456 16 16 mm-1 Edge R-190 200-ft spool B none
457 16 16 mm-1 Edge T B 2-in. O.D. core for lengths through 400 ft
458 16 16 mm-1 Edge Z B 3-in. O.D. core for lengths over 400 ft
458J 16 16 mm-1 Edge Z B 0.2994 pitch
462N 16 16 mm-2 Edges R-232 50-ft spool 0.3000 pitch for high-speed cameras
467 16 8 mm-2 Edges Z 3-in. O.D. core for lengths over 400 ft
561 16 16 mm-2 Edges Z Non-canned packaging; 3-in. O.D. core for lengths
over 400 ft
565 16 16 mm-1 Edge Z A Non-canned packaging; 3-in. O.D. core for lengths
over 400 ft
578 16 16 mm-2 Edges S-153 400-ft spool none
611P 16 16 mm-1 Edge R-90 100-ft spool B Processing included
618 16 16 mm-1 Edge Z A 3-in. O.D. core for lengths over 400 ft
622 16 Super 8 (1-4) Z none
628 16 Super 8 (1-3) Z B For 1-4 position; use Sp 622
635 16 none Z none
636 16 none R-90 100-ft spool none
637 16 8 mm-1 Edge Z A none
Super 8 mm
464 8 8 mm-1 Edge Super 8 Cartridge B For Super 8 silent movie cameras
Note: When you combine a Specification Number with a film emulsion letter designation, it is
known as the Identification Number (e.g., EXH718).
23b
Perforations Type P Core—65 mm. A plastic core with a 3-in.
Bell & Howell—“Negative” perforation used on most (76 mm) OD. Contains a 1-in. (25.4 mm) diameter
camera negative films. Evolved from early center hole with keyway and a film slot. Used with
“round” perforations. various lengths of print, intermediate, and sound record-
ing films.
Kodak Standard—“Positve” perforation. Large size,
R-90 Spool—16 mm. A metal camera spool with a
rounded corners are used for extra strength. Used pri-
3.615-in. (92 mm) flange diameter and a 11⁄4-in.
marily for release prints.
(32 mm) core diameter. Square hole with single key-
16 mm— perforations are the same form (size and way in both flanges. Center hole configuration
shape) for all film types; however, camera origination aligns on both flanges. For 100 ft (30 m) film loads.
(negative or reversal) have tighter tolerances. R-190 Spool—16 mm. A metal camera spool with a
4.940-in. (125 mm) flange diameter and a 11⁄4-in.
Cores and Spools (32 mm) core diameter. Square hole with single key-
You can purchase KODAK Motion Picture Films on way, two offset round drive holes, and one elliptical
several types of cores and spools, their design hole in both flanges. Side 1 and 2 markings. For
depending upon the equipment in which the films are 200 ft (61 m) 16 mm film loads.
to be exposed. The standard core and spool types, R-232 Spool—16 mm. A plastic camera spool with a
shown on page 25 are described below. 2.790-in. (71 mm) flange diameter and a 11⁄ 4 in.
Type T Core — 16 mm. A plastic core with a 2-in.
way, two offset round drive holes in both flanges.
(51 mm) outside diameter (OD). Contains a 1-in.
side 1 and 2 markings. For 50-ft. 16 mm film loads.
(25.4 mm) diameter center hole with keyway and a
film slot. Used with 16 mm films up to 400 ft (122 m) in S-83 Spool—35 mm. A metal camera spool with a
length. 3.662-in. (93 mm) flange diameter and a 31⁄32 in.
Type Z Core—16 mm. A plastic core with a 3-in. way in both flanges. Center hole aligns on both
(76 mm) OD. Contains a 1-in. (25.4 mm) diameter cen- flanges. For 100 ft (30 m) and 150-ft. (46 mm) film
ter hole with keyway and a film slot. Used with camera loads.
and print films in roll sizes longer than 400 ft (122 m) in
length. S-153 Spool—16 mm. A metal camera spool with a
6.625-in. (168 mm) flange diameter and a 31⁄32 in.
Type U Core—35 mm. A plastic core with a 2-in. (25 mm) core diameter. Square hole with single key-
(51 mm) OD. Contains a 1-in. (25.4 mm) diameter cen- way in both flanges. Center hole aligns on both
ter hole with keyway and a film slot. Used with camera flanges. For 400- and 450-ft. 16 mm film loads.
negative, sound, print, and sound recording films, and pos- A plastic core is normally used with all 16 mm
itive films used in title cameras. films in lengths over 200 ft (61 m) and with all
Type Y Core—35 mm. A plastic core with a 3-in. 35 mm films in lengths over 100 ft (30 m). Camera
(76 mm) OD. Contains a 1-in. (25.4 mm) diameter cen- spools are supplied with some 35 mm x 100-ft
ter hole with keyway and a film slot. Used with various (30 m) rolls and 16 mm x 100-ft (30 m), 200-ft (61 m)
lengths of print, intermediate, and sound recording films. and some 400-ft (122 m) rolls.
➧
26 Lift
Samples of cores and spools currently in use
Type T Core Type Z Core R-190

16 mm film up to 16 mm film 16 mm Camera Spool
400 ft (122 m) over 400 ft (122 m) 200 ft (61 m)
Type Y Core Type S Core R-90 Spool

35 mm film 70 mm film 16 mm Camera Spool
over 1000 ft (305 m) various lengths 100 ft (30 m)
Type P Core Type U Core S-83 Spool

65 mm film 35 mm film 35 mm Camera Spool
1000 ft (305 m) and over up to and including 100 ft (30 m)
1000 ft (305 m) 25
Winding Designations
In the sketches below, the film is wound on cores and
the emulsion side of the film faces the center of the roll.
All 35 mm camera films and many 16 mm camera films
have perforations on both edges (2R in the sketch). All
one-edge perforated 16 mm camera films are Winding B.
2R 1R – WINDING B 1R – WINDING A
Perforation Types
35 mm and 65 mm End Use
1. BH-1870—35 mm Bell & Howell negative perfora-
tions with a pitch measurement of 0.1870 in. (4750),
long pitch, (ANSI/SMPTE 93-1996)
2. BH-1866—35 mm Bell & Howell negative perfora-
tions with a pitch measurement of 0.1866 in. (4740),
short pitch, (ANSI/SMPTE 93-1996)
3. KS-1866 —35 mm and 65 mm KODAK Standard
Positive perforations with a pitch measurement of
0.1866 in. (4740), short pitch, (ANSI/SMPTE 139-
1996; ANSI/SMPTE 145-1993)
4. DH-1870—35 mm Dubray-Howell perforations with
a pitch measurement of 0.1870 in. (4750), long pitch,
(ANSI/SMPTE 237-1993)
5. KS-1870 —70 mm film perforated 65 mm KODAK
Standard Positive perforations with a pitch measure-
ment of 0.1870 in. (4750), long pitch, (ANSI/SMPTE
119-1993)
27
16 mm End Use
6. 2R-2994—16 mm film perforated two edges with a
perforation pitch of 0.2994 in. (7605), short pitch,
7. 2R-3000—16 mm film perforated two edges with a
perforation pitch of 0.3000 in. (7620), long pitch,
8. 1R-2994—Same as No.6 except perforated one edge
9. 3R-2994 — 35 mm film perforated 16 mm with a
perforation pitch of 0.2994 in. (7605), short pitch,
10. 1R-3000—Same as No.7 except perforated one edge
11. 3R-3000—Same as No. 9 except with a perforation
pitch of 0.3000 in. (7620), long pitch, (ANSI/SMPTE
171-1996)
Note: For other perforation types or formats, consult your
Kodak Entertainment Imaging office.
Quantities —Standard Packages

For faster service and easier handling, order case-lot
quantities whenever possible.
Approx.
Film Roll Case Case
Width Film Type Length Quantity Weight
35 mm camera films (color/b&w) 100 ft (30 m) 50 35 lb (16 kg)
200 ft (61 m) 20 28 lb (13 kg)
400 ft (122 m) 10 25 lb (11 kg)
1000 ft (305 m) 5 30 lb (14 kg)
16 mm camera films (color/b&w) 100 ft (30 m) 50 22 lb (10 kg)
200 ft (61 m) 30 30 lb (14 kg)
400 ft (122 m) 30 30 lb (14 kg)
800 ft (244 m) 12 37 lb (17 kg)
1200 ft (366 m) 15 57 lb (25 kg)
28
Ordering
Raw Stock
ORDERING RAW STOCK
Introduction
All of the information presented in this field guide is
intended to help you determine—
• the right film (performance characteristics), in
• the right quantities (shooting time/ratio), and
• the right format (width, perforations, winding,
packaging, etc.).
How to Order
In this section, we briefly explain how to write (or phone)
an order so you can get the film you need to begin or
continue production on schedule. After you place an order
with a Kodak company or distributor in your country,
they’ll arrange for all the other particulars of your order,
such as product availability, terms of payment, applicable
taxes, transportation, and returns.
The Catalog Number (CAT No.)

This number is perhaps the most important piece of
information to know when you want to buy film from
Kodak. The CAT No. describes a particular kind of film,
the size, length, perforation, pitch, and other format
information to Kodak representatives. For example, the
CAT No. for 100 ft (30 m) of KODAK VISION2 500T Film
5218 (35 mm), BH-1886 (4740) perforation type, with a
film identification number of SP417, on a spool is
113 4493. That seven-digit CAT No. describes only one
film package.
To receive your order as quickly as possible, give us
the correct CAT No. listed in your Kodak price catalog.
That seven-digit number is the key to your film order —
all additional related numbers and descriptions verify
the CAT No. and rule out the possibility that the number
was recorded incorrectly. Once the CAT No. is written in
our order sheet, we know the exact film you need, the
length of one roll, the specific core or spool, the
perforation pitch, the price, and a multitude of other
important details.
29
Let’s look at one example:
If you order a 400-ft (122 m) roll of 35 mm KODAK
VISION 200T Color Negative Film 5274, the CAT No. is
171 6984. That number tells us exactly what you need.
To verify that number, include:
• the name of the film (5274)
• Iden No. (VXM718)
• roll length (400 ft [122 m]) on core
• perforation pitch (BH-1866 [4740]).
Product and Technical Information
Throughout the world, Eastman Kodak Company
provides the motion picture industry with a full range of
quality products, supported by worldwide technical
services and distribution. The goal is simple: to provide
customers with products and services to help them
achieve the best screen image possible.
The vast majority of filmmakers choose KODAK
Motion Picture Films to generate quality images.
Cinematographers and laboratory professionals know
they can count on Eastman Kodak Company for fast,
experienced technical assistance and a film-distribution
network that reaches just about every corner of the
globe. Our involvement extends to theaters where we
assist exhibitors in providing first-class viewing
environments.
A worldwide network is available to supply you
with KODAK Motion Picture Products and to answer
any technical questions. For information, call Kodak in
your area of operations listed on pages 31 through 39.
For technical information in the United States, call the
Kodak Information Center at 1-800-242-2424, Ext. 16,
9 a.m. to 7 p.m. (Eastern time), Monday through
Friday. To place an order in the United States, call
1-800-621-FILM. To place an order in countries outside
the U.S., contact Kodak in your country or the nearest
distributor.
Visit the Entertainment Imaging website at
www.kodak.com/go/motion for complete technical
data sheets on KODAK Motion Picture Films, or call the
Kodak Information Center.
30
Two internationally recognized sources of technical
information for motion picture procedures and standards
are the Society of Motion Picture and Television
Engineers (SMPTE), located at 595 West Hartsdale
Avenue, White Plains, New York 10607, 914-761-1100, and
the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 550
Mamaroneck Ave., Harrison, New York 10528, 212-642-
4900.
The American Cinematographer Film Manual, from
the American Society of Cinematographers, covers virtu-
ally every phase of motion picture photography. The
seventh edition is available from A.S.C. Press, P. O. Box
2230, Hollywood, California 90078.
US Locations
Eastman Kodak Company
Hollywood, California
6700 Santa Monica Boulevard Tel: 323-464-6131
Los Angeles, California 90038-1203 Fax: 323-468-1568
Fax: 323-468-2124
New York, New York
360 West 31st Street Tel: 212-631-3400
New York, New York 10001-2727 Fax: 212-631-3470
Chicago, Illinois
Information Tel: 630-910-4929
Dallas, Texas
Information Tel: 972-346-2979
KODAK SHOOTSAVER
Film Delivery Service (U.S. Only) Tel: 800-404-2016
31
INTERNATIONAL
Kodak Locations and Distributors
ARGENTINA
El Business Center
Bonpland 1930-32 Tel: 54-11-4778 7009 / 54-11-5016 0832
CP 1414 Buenos Aires, Argentina Fax: 54-11-4773 6105
AUSTRALIA
Kodak (Australasia) Pty., Ltd.
173 Elizabeth Street Tel: 61 3 8371 8520
Coburg, Victoria Fax: 61 3 9353 2962
Australia 3058 E-mail: [email protected]
AUSTRIA
Kodak Ges.m.b.H
Entertainment Imaging Tel: +43-1-97001-200
Albert-Schweitzer-Gasse 4 Fax: +43-1-97001-263, x222
A-1148 Vienna, Austria Web: kodak.com.at/go/motion
BELGIUM
N.V. Kodak S.A.
Entertainment Imaging Tel: 32-2-719-41-93
Service Center, Brussels Fax: 32-2-719-41-99
Ikaroslaan 18 E-mail: [email protected]
B-1930 Zaventem, Belgium Web: www.kodak.be/go/cinema
BRAZIL
Kodak Brasileira Com.Ind.Ltda. Tel Sao Paulo: 55-11-9689 4057 / 3748 6263
Avenida Maria Coelho Aguiar Tel Rio de Janerio: 55-21-9971 3650
215 Bloco E. 6o. andar Fax: 55-11-3748 6175
05804-900 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil or 55-21-580 0039
BULGARIA
Boyana Film Company Tel: ++359 2 958 1101
Kinocenter Boyana Fax: ++359 2 958 6487
1616 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail: [email protected]
Web: www.boyanafilm.bg
CANADA
Kodak Canada Inc. Tel: 1-416-761-4922
3500 Eglinton Avenue West Orders: 1-800-621-FILM (3456)
Toronto, Ontario Fax: 1-416-761-4948
Canada M6M 1V3 Toll Free Fax: 866-211-6311
Kodak Canada Inc.
4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100
Ile des Soeurs
Verdun, Quebec Orders: 1-800-621-FILM (3456)
Canada H3E 1J4 Fax: 1-866-211-6311
Kodak Canada Inc.
4185 Still Creek Drive
Suite C150
Burnaby, British Columbia Orders: 1-800-621-FILM (3456)
Canada V5C 6G9 Fax: 1-866-211-6311
32
CHILE
Kodak Chilena S.A.F.
Av. Presidente Eduardo Frei Montalava 9950
(Panamericana Norte–Quilicura) Tel: 56-2-530 8373/8000
Santiago, Chile Fax: 56-2-530 8345
CHINA (Peoples Republic) Web: www.kodak.com/cn/zh/go/motion
Kodak (China) Ltd
Beijing Liaison Office
#1 Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District
Kerry Center, 9th Floor Tel: 8610 6561 6561
Beijing 100020, China Fax: 8610 6561 2199
Kodak (China) Ltd,
Shanghai Liaison Office
Floor 2-5, Novel Plaza
128 West Nam Jing Road Tel: 8621 6350 0888
Shanghai 200003, China Fax: 8621 6350 0827
Kodak (China) Limited,
Guangzhou Liaison Office
10F, Office Tower
China Hotel by Marriott
Liu Hua Road, Tel: 8620 8666 9888
GuangZhou 510015, China Fax: 8620 8667 2230
Kodak (Hong Kong) Ltd.
Kodak House I
321 Java Road Tel: 852 2564 9352
North Point Fax: 852 2811 3489
Hong Kong
COLOMBIA
Kodak América, Ltda.
Calle 12C No. 76-49 Entrada 2
Parque Industrial Alsacia Tel: 57-1-412.5550 ext. 377
Santa Fé de Bogota, Columbia Fax: 57-1-412.1200
CZECH REPUBLIC
Kodak Ltd. Entertainment Imaging Tel: ++420 222 519 837
Belgicka 40 ++420 222 520 627
120 00 Praha 2 FAX: ++420 222 515 846
Czech Republic E-mail: [email protected]
Web: www.kodak.com/go/motion
DENMARK
Kodak A/S Tel: +45 7015 7000
Guldaldren 14-18 Fax: +45 7015 7100
2640 Hedehusene, Denmark Web: www.kodak.dk/go/motion
EGYPT
Kodak (Egypt) S.A.E.
20 Adly Street Tel: 20 2 394 2200
Cairo, Egypt Fax: 20 2 393 1199
33
FINLAND
Kodak OY
P.O. Box 49 Tel: +358 9 5840 7820
Mäkelänkatu 91 Fax: +358 9 5840 7800
00611 Helsingfors, Finland Web: www.kodak.fi/go/motion
FRANCE
Kodak Pathé Tel: 01 40 01 30 00
Division Cinéma et Télévision Fax: 01 40 01 34 63
26, rue Villiot E-mail: [email protected]
75012 Paris, France Web: www.kodak.fr/go/cinema
GERMANY
Kodak GMBH
Entertainment Imaging Tel: +49 711 406-5107/-5596
Hedelfinger Strasse 60 Fax: +49 711 406-2614
70327 Stuttgart, Germany Web: www.kodak.de/go/motion
GREECE
Kodak (Near East) Inc.
10-12 Himaras Street Tel: 30 10 61 89 261
GR-151 25 Maroussi Fax: 30 10 61 89 207
Athens Greece E-mail: [email protected]
HONG KONG
Kodak (Far East) Ltd.
Kodak House I Tel: 852 2564 9352
321 Java Road Fax: 852 2811 3489
North Point, Hong Kong Web: www.kodak.com/hk/en/motion
HUNGARY
Kodak Hungary Kft.
Entertainment Imaging Tel: +36 1 387 9117 EI ext.: 123
Timár u. 20. Fax: +36 1 387 9113
1034, Budapest, Hungary E-mail: [email protected]
34
ICELAND
KODAK Sverige
Hans Petersen HF
Sudurlandsbraut 4
Box 8580 Tel: 354-570-7500
128 Reykjavik, Iceland Fax: 354-570-7510
INDIA
Kodak India Ltd.
Vinay Bhavya Complex, 6th floor
159-A, CST Road, B Wing,
Santacruz (East), Mumbai 400 098 Tel: 91 22 5641 6762
Kalina, India Fax: 91 22 5641 6769
INDONESIA
Kodak (Singapore) PTE. Ltd.
Jakarta Representative Office
17th Floor, Chase Plaza Tower
JI. Jend. Sudirman Kav. 21 Tel: 62 21 570 5212
Jakarta 12920, Indonesia Fax: 62 21 570 5214
IRAN
Kodak (Iran) P.J.S.C. Co.
Dowlatshad Bldg, Apt 2
Box No. 154-2 Tel: 98-21-227-6000
Tehran 19395, Iran Fax: 98-21-808-7266
IRELAND
Kodak Ltd. Kodak House
P.O. Box 66, Station Road
Hemel Hempstead Tel: +44 1442 845945
Herts HP1 1JU England Fax: +44 1442 844458
ISRAEL
Delta Film Israel
16 Hagalim Ave., Ind. Zone Tel: 972-9-9521888 / 834 (direct line)
Herzlia B 46103, Israel Fax: 972-9-9521889
ITALY
Kodak Spa
EI Office
V.le Matteotti 62
20092 Cinisello Balsamo Tel: +39-02-66.02.85.11
Milan, Italy Fax: +39-02-66.02.84.06
Kodak Spa
EI Office Tel: +39-06-88.172.212
Via Sambuca Pistoiese Fax: +39-06-88.00.713
55 00138 Roma, Italy E-mail: [email protected]
35
JAPAN
Kodak Japan Ltd.
Yamaman Building Tel: 81 3 5540 2280
6-1 Koamicho, Nihonbashi, Fax: 81 3 5644 5095
Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8540, Japan E-mail: [email protected]
Web: www.kodak.com/jp/ja/motion
KENYA
Kodak (Kenya) Limited
Funzi Road
P.O. Box 18210 Tel: (254) (2) 530 164
Nairobi, Kenya Fax: (254) (2) 530 171
KOREA
Kodak Korea Ltd.
7th floor, Yonkang Bldg.
#270, Yonji-dong, Chongro-ku Tel: 822 708 5830
Seoul 110-470, Korea Fax: 822 763 0230
LATIN AMERICAN REGIONAL OFFICE
Eastman Kodak Company
Entertainment Imaging Tel: 305-507-5146 / 507-5639
8600 NW 17th Street - Suite 200 Fax: 305-507-5065
Miami, Florida 33126-1006 USA Web: www.kodk.com/go/latinmotion
LEBANON
“In Motion” S.A.R.L.
Adonis Center
Gharzani Bldg. 3rd Flr
Zouk Mosbeh
Keserwan, Lebanon Tel: ++961 3 832 322
LITHUANIA
Kodak Vilnius Office
Vytenio 9/25
2009 Vilnius Tel: 370 2 395 207
Luthuania Fax: 370 2 395 206
LUXEMBORG
N. V. Kodak S.A.
Service Center Brussels Tel: 32-2-719-41-93
Ikaroslaan 18 Fax: 32-2-719-41-99
B-1930 Zaventem, Belgium Web: www.kodak.fr/go/cinema-benelux
MALAYSIA
Kodak Malaysia Sdn Bhd
Jalan Kemajuan 13-1
46200 Petaling Jaya Tel: 603 7957 2722
Selangor, Malaysia Fax: 603 7955 5919
MEXICO
Kodak de Mexico S.A. de C.V
Calzada de las Bombas # 128
Local 4
Delegacion Coyoacan Tel: 52-5-599.1730 / 1700
C.P. 04851, Mexico D.F., Mexico Fax: 52-5-599.1705
36
MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA REGIONAL OFFICE
Entertainment Imaging A2N
NETHERLANDS
Kodak Nederland BV
Service Center Amsterdam
Kuiperbergweg 35, Tel: 31 347-363625
NL-1101 AE Amsterdam Fax: 31 347- 363629
The Netherlands Web: www.kodak.nl/go/cinema
NEW ZEALAND
Kodak New Zealand Ltd.
70 Stanley Street Tel: 64 9 302 8665
Parnell, Auckland, New Zealand Fax: 64 9 302 8639
NORWAY
Kodak Norge AS Tel: +47-66 81 81 81
Lienga 7 Fax: +47-66 80 06 12
1410 Kolbotn, Norway Web: www.kodak.no/go/motion
PAKISTAN
Kodak Ltd Pakistan Branch
5 th Floor Bahria Complex 2
M.t.Khan Road Tel: 92 21 561 0150 & 561 1402
Karachi, Pakistan Fax: 92 21 561 0776
PANAMA
Kodak Panama Ltd.
Edificio Plaza Bancomer
Calle 50 y 53 este
Piso 9, Panama Tel: 50-7-263-6077
Republic of Panama Fax: 50-7-263-5804
PARAGUAY
Tel: 57 1 637 0308
Fax: 57 1 637 0308
PERU
Kodak Américas, Ltda.
Av Nicolás Arriole 480
Santa Catalina, La Victoria Tel: 51-1-224 8610
Lima, Peru Fax: 51-1-224 7826
PHILIPPINES
Kodak Philippines, Ltd.
2247 Chino Roces Avenue Tel: 632 810 0331 (trunkline) or
Makati City 632 813 7916 (direct line)
Philippines 1299 Fax: 632 840 1956
37
POLAND
Kodak Polska
EI Office Tel: +48 22 8511759
Chelmska str. 21 Fax: +48 22 8511760
00-724 Warszawa, Poland E-mail: [email protected]
PORTUGAL
Kodak Portuguesa Ltd.
Rua Alexandre Herculano Tel: 351 21 414 76 84
2795-010 Linda-a-Velha, Portugal Fax: 351 21 414 77 50
ROMANIA
Kodak Cinelabs Romania
170, Bucurestii Noi Blvd., Tel: +40 1 223 37 53
Sector 1 Fax: +40 1 223 37 52
Bucharest, Romania Web: www.kodakcinelabs.ro
RUSSIA
Kodak OOO Tel: ++7095 733 9758
1 Mosfilmovskaya St, Bldg. 3 ++7095 929 9166
Moscow, Russia Fax: ++7095-705-9034
E-mail: [email protected]
SINGAPORE
Kodak (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.
305 Alexandra Road Tel: 65 6371-3388
Singapore 098632 Fax: 65 6371-3377
SLOVAK REPUBLIC
Kodak Ltd. Tel: ++421 2 5293 2998
Entertainment Imaging Fax: ++421 2 5293 2996
Kollárovo námestie 19 E-mail: [email protected]
811 06 Bratislava, Slovak Republic Web: www.kodak.com/go/motion
SOUTH AFRICA
PO Box 28533
Kensington 2101,South Africa
(Courier Deliveries) Tel: 2711 615 2482 / 615 2478
5 Montagu Street Fax: 2711 615 2980
Kensington 2094, South Africa Mobile: 2783 441 5294 / 2783 406 0010
SPAIN
Kodak SA
Carretera Nacional VI, Km 23
28230 Las Rozas Tel: 34 91 626 7155
Madrid, Spain Fax: 34 91 626 7369
SWEDEN
Kodak Nordic AB
Kanalvagen 101 Tel: +46-8-555 636 08
194 26 Upplands Vasby Fax: +46-8-555 637 20
Sweden Web: www.kodak.se/go/motion
38
SWITZERLAND
Kodak Societe Anonyme
Entertainment Imaging Tel: +41 21 619 7255
Case Postale Fax: +41 21 619 74492
1001 Lausanne, Switzerland Web: www.kodak.ch/go/motion
Eastman Kodak SA
29-31 Route de L’Aeroport
Le Grand Saconnex
Case Postale 271 Tel: +41-22-747-2000
1215 Geneva 15 +41-22-747-2200
Switzerland
TAIWAN
Kodak Taiwan Ltd.
35, Sec 2, Chung Yang South Road Tel: 8862 2893 8282
Pei Tou, Taipei. Taiwan and 8862 2893 8121
R. O. C. Fax: 8862 2895 1069
THAILAND
Kodak (Thailand) Ltd.
197 Vibhavadi Rangsit Road Tel: 66 2 271 3040 Ext. 312
Bangkok 10400, Thailand Fax: 66 2 209 4014
TURKEY
Istanbul-Turkey
Eski Uskudar Yolu,
Icerenkoy cd.
No 10 VIP Center Kat 3 Tel: ++90 216 578 26 00
Kozyatagi 81120 Fax: ++90 216 578 26 30
Istanbul, Turkey E-mail: [email protected]
UKRAINE
Kodak EE Ltd.
1 Vasylkivska Street, Bldg. 2/6 Tel: ++38 044 252 6300
252040, Kiev, Ukraine Fax: ++38 044 252 6303
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
P.O. Box 11460
Dubai Tel: 971-4-444-910
United Arab Emirates, Arabian Gulf Fax: 971-4-447-059
UNITED KINGDOM
URUGUAY Tel: 56 2 530 8295
Fax: 56 9 220 5609
39
VENEZUELA
Kodak Venezuela, S.A.
Avenida Francisco Solano,
entre Apamates y Negrin
Centro Empresarial Sabana Grande
Piso 14, Ofc. 3 y 4 Tel: 58 212 707 1081
Caracas, Venezuela Fax: 58 212 707 1009
You can also find addresses and phone/fax numbers at

the Kodak website: www.kodak.com/go/motion.
Limitations of Liability on
Sensitized Goods
The sale, use, processing and handling of Kodak
sensitized goods are subject to the applicable limitation
of liability listed below:
Film
KODAK Films will be replaced if defective in manufac-
ture, labeling or packaging, or if damaged or lost by us
or any subsidiary company. Except for such replacement,
the sale, or other handling of these films is without
warrant or liability, even though defect, damage, or loss
is caused by negligence or other fault. Since color dyes
may in time change, color films will not be replaced for,
or otherwise warranted against, any change in color.
Cinematographer’s Field Guide

Revision 10/04
Printed in U.S.A.
Kodak, Vision, Vision2, Eastman, EXR, Keykode, Ektachrome,
Shootsaver, and Wratten are trademarks.
KODAK Publication No. H-2
CAT 141 3871
40
832Cov_c 11/1/04 9:21 AM Page 1
H-2
$7.95
CAT 141 3871
CINEMATOGRAPHER’S
FIELD GUIDE
Eastman kodak Company
Rochester, NY 14650

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CAT 141 3871

© Eastman Kodak Company, 2004

Note: The Kodak filter materials and other brand name

H-1 Data Sheets Available

KODAK VISION2 Expression 500T 5229 7229 —

KODAK VISION2 500T 5218 7218 7218

KODAK VISION2 250D 5205 7205

KODAK VISION2 200T 5217 7217 7217

KODAK VISION2 100T 5212 7212 —

KODAK VISION 500T 5279 7279 —

KODAK VISION 320T 5277 7277 —

KODAK VISION 250D 5246 7246 —

KODAK VISION 200T 5274 7274 —

EASTMAN EXR 50D 5245 7245 —

EASTMAN EKTACHROME 100D 5285 7285 —

EASTMAN PLUS-X 5231 7231 —

EASTMAN DOUBLE-X 5222 7222 —

KODAK PLUS-X — 7265 7265

KODAK TRI-X — 7266 7266

B&W Negative 80 64 MPF-28

B&W Negative 250 200 MPF-30

B&W Reversal 100 80 MPF-32

B&W Reversal 200 160 MPF-34

Tungsten 3000 K 82B 320

Daylight 5500 K 85 320

Metal Halide H.M.I. 85 320

White-Flame Arcs 85B 200

OPTIMA 32 None 500

*These are approximate corrections only. Make final corrections during

Footcandles 5 10 20 40 80 160 320 640

Use this table for average subjects. When a subject

Tungsten 3000 K 82B 320

Daylight 5500 K 85 320

Metal Halide H.M.I. 85 320

White-Flame Arcs 85B 200

OPTIMA 32 None 500

Cool White** 85 + CC10M 200

Footcandles 5 10 20 40 80 160 320 640

Use this table for average subjects. When a subject

Exposure Indexes and Filters

Tungsten 3000 K 82A 64

Daylight 5500 K None 250

Metal Halide H.M.I. None 250

White-Flame Arcs CC20Y + CC10C 160

Footcandles 10 20 40 80 160 320 640 1250

Use this table for average subjects. When a subject includes

KODAK WRATTEN Exposure

Tungsten 3000 K 82B 125

Daylight 5500 K 85 125

Metal Halide H.M.I. 85 125

White-Flame Arcs 85B 80

OPTIMA 32 None 200

Footcandles 5 10 20 40 80 160 320 640

Use this table for average subjects. When a subject