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Jackson 5 3 Homework Solution

The document provides the solution to a homework problem about calculating the magnetic induction B on the cylinder axis of a right-circular solenoid. It first finds the induction produced by a single circular loop of current. It then uses the principle of superposition to account for multiple loops in the solenoid. Taking the limit as the number of loops approaches infinity, it derives an expression for B as an integral. The integral is evaluated to obtain the final expression for B on the cylinder axis in terms of the solenoid parameters.

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Jefferson Ferreira
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151 views4 pages

Jackson 5 3 Homework Solution

The document provides the solution to a homework problem about calculating the magnetic induction B on the cylinder axis of a right-circular solenoid. It first finds the induction produced by a single circular loop of current. It then uses the principle of superposition to account for multiple loops in the solenoid. Taking the limit as the number of loops approaches infinity, it derives an expression for B as an integral. The integral is evaluated to obtain the final expression for B on the cylinder axis in terms of the solenoid parameters.

Uploaded by

Jefferson Ferreira
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Jackson 5.

3 Homework Problem Solution


Dr. Christopher S. Baird
University of Massachusetts Lowell
PROBLEM:
A right-circular solenoid of finite length L and radius a has N turns per unit length and carries a current
I. Show that the magnetic induction on the cylinder ais in the limit NL ! " is
B
z
=

#
N I
$
(cos0
%
+cos0
$
)
where the angles are defined in the figure.
SOLU!O":
Let us first find the on-ais magnetic induction produced &y one circular loop of current. 'lace the
o&servation point such that the line from the o&servation point to the loop ma(es an angle
i
with the
solenoid)s ais and is a distance r
i
away. *n this set-up+ then the o&servation point can &e considered at
the origin of a spherical coordinate system.
*f the current is flowing into the paper at the &ottom and out of the paper at the top+ the current density
in spherical coordinates &ecomes,
J=I
6(rr
i
)
r
6(00
i
)

'lug this into the Biot-Savart Law,


B( #)=

#
-

J(# ) )(##) )
##)
.
d
.
#)
B( #)=

#
-

#
$


I
6(r )r
i
)
r )
6(0 )0
i
)

)
|
( ##) )
( r
$
+r )
$
$r r ) (cos0cos 0)+sin0 sin0) cos() )))
./$
r )
$
sin 0) d r ) d 0) d )

%
z

i
z
r
i
Spherical unit vectors are not constant or fied+ &ut change as we integrate. /he safest thing to do is
epress the vector directions in Cartesian coordinates+ using relations such as

)=sin )

i +cos)

$
and
(## ))=(r sin0 cosr ) sin0) cos))

i +( r sin 0sinr ) sin0) sin) )

$+(r cos0r ) cos0 ))



k
B(#)=

#
-

#
$

r )
$
sin 0 ) d r ) d 0) d )

I
6(r ) r
i
)
r )
6(0)0
i
)(sin )

i +cos )

$)
|

((r sin 0cos r ) sin 0) cos) )

i +(r sin0 sin r ) sin 0) sin ) )

$+(r cos0r ) cos0) )



k)
(r
$
+r )
$
$r r ) (cos 0cos0 )+sin 0sin 0) cos())))
./ $
0ow evaluate the Dirac delta)s
B( #)=
I
#
-

#
$
r
i
sin0
i
d ) (sin)

i +cos)

$)|
((r sin 0cos r
i
sin 0
i
cos ) )

i +(r sin 0sin r


i
sin 0
i
sin) )

$+(r cos 0r
i
cos0
i
)

k)
(r
$
+r
i
$
$r r
i
(cos0cos 0
i
+sin 0sin0
i
cos() )))
./ $
1valuate the cross product
B( #)=
I
#
-

#
$
r
i
sin 0
i
d )
((r cos0r
i
cos 0
i
)(cos)

i +sin )

$)+( r
i
sin0
i
r sin0 cos() ))

k)
(r
$
+r
i
$
$r r
i
(cos0 cos0
i
+sin 0sin0
i
cos())))
./$
/his epression is general for any point in space in spherical coordinates. All that is left to do is
perform the integral over the a2imuthal angle and we would have the final solution to the total
magnetic field 3magnetic induction4 B as any point in space created &y a loop of current. /he integral is
messy however+ and we don)t need to do it for this particular pro&lem. 5or an o&servation point at the
origin r=# + this reduces to,
B( #)=
I
#
-
sin 0
i
r
i

(cos0
i
) (

#
$
cos) d ) +

#
$
sin) d ) )+sin 0
i

k

#
$
d )
|
6e can now perform the integrals and find
B( #)=

#
I
$
sin
$
0
i
r
i

k
*f we recogni2e that the ring has some fied radius no matter where we place the ring+ we can simplify
this using
r
i
sin0
i
=a
B( #)=

k

#
I a
$
$
%
r
i
.
or
B( #)=

k

#
I a
$
$
%
(a
$
+z
i
$
)
./$
0ow we can use the principle of superposition. *f we have many of these wire loops very close together
so that they fill the length 7z = z
i8%
- z
i
+ &ut are in a small &undle still at this same location+ and are
spaced in a linear density N+ then there are total N7z loops in this &undle. 6e simply multiply the
e9uation a&ove &y to ta(e into account that they are all at the same location &ut that there is no loops
instead of one.
B( #)=

k

#
I a
$
$
%
(a
$
+z
i
$
)
./$
N ( z
i+%
z
i
)
Using the principle of superposition again+ we can add together all the magnetic fields due to many
such &undles along the length of the solenoid to get the total field.
B( #)=

i=%
NL

k

#
I a
$
$
%
(a
$
+z
i
$
)
./$
N ( z
i+%
z
i
)
/his is as far as we can get for a finite num&er of loops. :owever+ if the num&er of loops is large+ we
can approimate the num&er of loops as approaching infinity+ NL ! ". 6e can now shrin( each &undle
of width 3z
i8%
; z
i
4 as small as we want. By definition+ the sum &ecomes an integral and 7z ! dz
B( #)=

z
%
z
$

k

#
I a
$
$
%
(a
$
+z
$
)
./ $
N dz
B( #)=

k

#
N I a
$
$

z
%
z
$
%
(a
$
+z
$
)
./ $
dz
B( #)=

k

#
N I a
$
$
z
a
$
.a
$
+z
$
|
z
%
z
$
B( #)=

k

#
N I a
$
$
z
$
a
$
.
a
$
+z
$
$

z
%
a
$
.
a
$
+z
%
$
|
B( #)=

k

#
N I
$
cos 0
$
cos0
%
<
|
/he star on the angle % is to remind us that &ecause we have used a fied coordinate system+ &oth
angles are measured relative to the positive z-ais. But the pro&lem as(s us to define angle % as
measured from the negative 2-ais. 6e must ma(e a transformation to get the angle defined in the way
they want, 0
%
<
-0
%
B( #)=

k

#
N I
$

cos0
$
+cos0
%
|
6e can chec( our answer &y ta(ing limiting cases. *f the solenoid)s length &ecomes infinite+ &oth angles
&ecome 2ero and we get our usual answer for a long solenoid B( #)=

k
#
N I

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