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Filter Design Using Matlab

This document demonstrates using Matlab to design and analyze different types of filters, including Butterworth, Chebyshev, and Elliptical filters. It generates a noisy signal, designs low pass and band pass filters using Butterworth filters of varying orders, and compares the filtered output signals. It also uses Matlab's filter design functions to optimize the filter order and compare magnitude responses of Butterworth, Chebyshev, and Elliptical filters.

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Hafid Scooterist
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© © All Rights Reserved
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253 views

Filter Design Using Matlab

This document demonstrates using Matlab to design and analyze different types of filters, including Butterworth, Chebyshev, and Elliptical filters. It generates a noisy signal, designs low pass and band pass filters using Butterworth filters of varying orders, and compares the filtered output signals. It also uses Matlab's filter design functions to optimize the filter order and compare magnitude responses of Butterworth, Chebyshev, and Elliptical filters.

Uploaded by

Hafid Scooterist
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Filter Design Using Matlab Demo

%generate the noisy signal which will be filtered


x= cos(2*pi*12*[0:0.001:1.23]);
x(end) = [];
[b a] = butter(2,[0.6 0.7],'bandpass');
filtered_noise = filter(b,a,randn(1, length(x)*2));
x = (x + 0.5*filtered_noise(500:500+length(x)-1))/length(x)*2;
% This script is available at http://dadorran.wordpress.com search for
% filtering matlab demo
plot(x)
title('Noisy signal')
xlabel('Samples');
ylabel('Amplitude')

%plot magnitude spectrum of the signal
X_mags = abs(fft(x));
figure(10)
plot(X_mags)
xlabel('DFT Bins')
ylabel('Magnitude')

%plot first half of DFT (normalised frequency)
num_bins = length(X_mags);
plot([0:1/(num_bins/2 -1):1], X_mags(1:num_bins/2))
xlabel('Normalised frequency (\pi rads/sample)')
ylabel('Magnitude')

%design a second order filter using a butterworth design technique
[b a] = butter(2, 0.3, 'low')

%Show the signal flow diagram of the filter/system
%this function available from http://dadorran.wordpress.com
create_signal_flow(b,a)

%plot the frequency response (normalised frequency)
H = freqz(b,a, floor(num_bins/2));
hold on
plot([0:1/(num_bins/2 -1):1], abs(H),'r');

%filter the signal using the b and a coefficients obtained from
%the butter filter design function
x_filtered = filter(b,a,x);

%plot the filtered signal
figure(2)
plot(x_filtered,'r')
title('Filtered Signal - Using Second Order Butterworth')
xlabel('Samples');
ylabel('Amplitude')

%Redesign the filter using a higher order filter
[b2 a2] = butter(20, 0.3, 'low')

%Plot the magnitude spectrum and compare with lower order filter
H2 = freqz(b2,a2, floor(num_bins/2));
figure(10)
hold on
plot([0:1/(num_bins/2 -1):1], abs(H2),'g');

%filter the noisy signal and plot the result
x_filtered2 = filter(b2,a2,x);
figure(3)
plot(x_filtered2,'g')
title('Filtered Signal - Using 20th Order Butterworth')
xlabel('Samples');
ylabel('Amplitude')

%Use a band reject filter in place of a low pass filter
[b_stop a_stop] = butter(20, [0.5 0.8], 'stop');

%plot the magnitude spectrum
H_stopband = freqz(b_stop,a_stop, floor(num_bins/2));
figure(10)
hold on
plot([0:1/(num_bins/2 -1):1], abs(H_stopband),'c');

%plot filtered signal
x_filtered_stop = filter(b_stop,a_stop,x);
figure(4);
plot(x_filtered_stop,'c')
title('Filtered Signal - Using Stopband')
xlabel('Samples');
ylabel('Amplitude')

%Use matlabs built-in buttord function to get the optimum order to meet a
specification
[N Wn] = buttord(0.1, 0.5, 5, 40)

%use the N and Wn values obtained above to design the filter in the usual way
[b3 a3] = butter(N, Wn, 'low');

%plot the magnitude spectrum
H3 = freqz(b3,a3, floor(num_bins/2));
figure(10);
hold on
plot([0:1/(num_bins/2 -1):1], abs(H2),'k');
figure(10)

%filter the signal and plot the ouput of the filter
x_filtered3 = filter(b3,a3,x);
figure(5);
plot(x_filtered3,'k')
title(['Filtered Signal - Using ' num2str(N) ' th Order Butterworth'])
xlabel('Samples');
ylabel('Amplitude')
% script available from http://dadorran.wordpress.com
% comparison with other filter design techniques (chebyshev and elliptical)
[b_butter a_butter] = butter(4, 0.2, 'low');
H_butter = freqz(b_butter, a_butter);

[b_cheby a_cheby] = cheby1(4, 0.5, 0.2, 'low');
H_cheby = freqz(b_cheby, a_cheby);

[b_ellip a_ellip] = ellip(4, 0.5, 40, 0.2, 'low');
H_ellip = freqz(b_ellip, a_ellip);

%plot each filter to compare
figure(11)
norm_freq_axis = [0:1/(512 -1):1];
plot(norm_freq_axis, abs(H_butter))
hold on
plot(norm_freq_axis, abs(H_cheby),'r')
plot(norm_freq_axis, abs(H_ellip),'g')
legend('Butterworth', 'Chebyshev', 'Elliptical')
xlabel('Normalised Frequency');
ylabel('Magnitude')

%plot in dB for verification that spec is met
figure(12);
plot(norm_freq_axis, 20*log10(abs(H_butter)))
hold on
plot(norm_freq_axis, 20*log10(abs(H_cheby)),'r')
plot(norm_freq_axis, 20*log10(abs(H_ellip)),'g')
legend('Butterworth', 'Chebyshev', 'Elliptical')
xlabel('Normalised Frequency ');
ylabel('Magnitude (dB)')

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