Corona Effect in Power System - Electrical Engineering

26/03/13 11:06 PM Corona Effect in Power System | Electrical Engineering
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Electrical Power Transmission System
Performance of Transmission Line
ABCD Parameters of Transmission Line
Short Transmission Line
Medium Transmission Line
Long Transmission Line
Power System Stability
Skin Effect in Transmission Lines
Corona Effect in Power System
Electrical Substation
Mobile Substation
Electrical Bus System & Substation Layout
Electrical Insulator
Corona Effect in Power System
Electric-power transmission practically deals
in the bulk transfer of electrical energy,
from generating stations situated many
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kilometers away from the main consumption
centers or the cities. For this reason the
long distance transmission cables are of
utmost necessity for effective power
transfer, which in-evidently results in huge
losses across the system. Minimizing those
has been a major challenge for power
engineers of late and to do that one should
have a clear understanding of the type and
nature of losses. One of them being the
corona effect in power system, which has a
predominant role in reducing the efficiency
of EHV(extra high voltage lines) which we
are going to concentrate on, in this article.
What is corona effect in power system and why
it occurs?
For corona effect to occur effectively, two
factors here are of prime importance as
mentioned below:-
1) Alternating potential difference must be supplied across the line.
2) The spacing of the conductors, must be large enough compared to the line diameter.
When an alternating current is made to flow across
two conductors of the transmission line whose
spacing is large compared to their diameters, then
air surrounding the conductors (composed of ions) is
subjected to di-electric stress. At low values of
supply end voltage, nothing really occurs as the
stress is too less to ionize the air outside. But when
the potential difference is made to increase beyond
some threshold value of around 30 kV known as the
critical disruptive voltage, then the field strength
increases and then the air surrounding it
experiences stress high enough to be dissociated
into ions making the atmosphere conducting. This
results in electric discharge around the conductors due to the flow of these ions, giving rise
to a faint luminescent glow, along with the hissing sound accompanied by the liberation of
ozone, which is readily identified due to its characteristic odor. This phenomena of
electrical discharge occurring in transmission line for high values of voltage is known as the
corona effect in power system. If the voltage across the lines is still increased the glow
Corona Effect in Transmission
Line

becomes more and more intense along with hissing noise, inducing very high power loss into
the system which must be accounted for.
Factors affecting corona effect in power system.
As mentioned earlier, the line voltage of the
conductor is the main determining factor for
corona in transmission lines, at low values of
voltage (lesser than critical disruptive voltage)
the stress on the air is too less to dissociate
them, and hence no electrical discharge occurs.
Since with increasing voltage corona effect in a
transmission line occurs due to the ionization of
atmospheric air surrounding the cables, it is
mainly affected by the conditions of the cable
as well as the physical state of the atmosphere.
Let us look into these criterion now with greater
details :-
Atmospheric conditions for corona in transmission lines.
It has been physically proven that the voltage gradient for di-electric breakdown of air is
directly proportional to the density of air. Hence in a stormy day, due to continuous air flow
the number of ions present surrounding the conductor is far more than normal, and hence
its more likely to have electrical discharge in transmission lines on such a day, compared to a
day with fairly clear weather. The system has to designed taking those extreme situations
into consideration.
Condition of cables for corona in transmission line
This particular phenomena depends highly on the conductors and its physical condition. It
has an inverse proportionality relationship with the diameter of the conductors. i.e. with the
increase in diameter, the effect of corona in power system reduces considerably.
Also the presence of dirt or roughness of the conductor reduces the critical breakdown
voltage, making the conductors more prone to corona losses. Hence in most cities and
industrial areas having high pollution, this factor is of reasonable importance to counter the
ill effects it has on the system.
Spacing between conductors.
As already mentioned, for corona to occur effectively the spacing between the lines should
be much higher compared to its diameter, but if the length is increased beyond a certain
limit, the di-electric stress on the air reduces and consequently the effect of corona
reduces as well. If the spacing is made too large then corona for that region of the
transmission line might not occur at all.
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26/03/13 11:06 PM Corona Effect in Power System | Electrical Engineering

26/03/13 11:06 PM Corona Effect in Power System | Electrical Engineering

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