Business

Statistics
A
First
Course
SIXTH
EDITION
David M. Levine
Department
of
Statistics and
Computer
Information
Systems
Zicklin School of
Business, Baruch
College, City University
of New York
Timothy
C. Krehbiel
Department
of
Management
Richard T. Farmer School of Business, Miami
University
Mark L Berenson
Department
of
Management
and Information
Systems
School of
Business, Montclair State
University
PEARSON
Boston Columbus
Indianapolis
New York San Francisco
Upper
Saddle River
Amsterdam
Cape
Town Dubai London Madrid Milan
Munich Paris Montreal
Toronto
Delhi
Mexico
City
Sao Paulo
Sydney Hong Kong
Seoul
Singapore Taipei Tokyo
Contents
Preface xix
1
Introduction
USING STATISTICS @ GT&M
Holdings
3
1.1
Reading, Writing,
and
Statistics! 4
1.2
Statistics: Fundamental for Business 4
How Statistics
Has Become So
Important 5
Reconsidering
the GT&M
Holdings Scenario-I 5
1.3 Data and Variables 6
Types ofVariables 6
1.4 Basic
Vocabulary
of Statistics
7
1.5 Statistical
Applications for
Desktop Computing
9
1.6 How
to Use This Book 10
Checklist for
Getting
Started 10
USING
STATISTICS @ GT&M
Holdings
Revisited 12
SUMMARY 12
KEY TERMS 12
CHAPTER REVIEW PROBLEMS 12
END-OF-CHAPTER CASES 14
LEARNING WITH THE DIGITAL CASES 14
REFERENCES 15
CHAPTER 1 EXCEL GUIDE 16
EG1.1
Getting Started with Excel 16
EG1.2
Entering
Data
and Variable
Type 17
EG1.3
Opening
and
Saving
Workbooks 17
EG1.4
Creating
and
Copying Worksheets 18
EG1.5
Printing Worksheets 18
EG1.6 Worksheet
Entries and References 19
EG1.7 Absolute and
Relative Cell References
20
EG 1.8
Entering
Formulas into Worksheets 20
EG 1.9
Using
Appendices
D and F 20
CHAPTER 1 MINITAB GUIDE 21
MG1.1
Getting Started With Minitab 21
MG1.2
Entering Data andVariable
Type
21
MG1.3
Opening
and
Saving
Worksheets
and
Projects
22
MG1.4
Creating
and
Copying Worksheets 23
MG1.5
Printing
Parts of
a
Project
23
MG1.6
Worksheet Entries and References 23
MG1.7
Using Appendices
D and F 23
2
Organizing
and
Visualizing
Data
24
USING STATISTICS
@ Choice Is
Yours, Part I 25
2.1 Data Collection 26
ORGANIZING DATA 27
2.2
Organizing Categorical Data 28
The
Summary
Table 28
The
Contingency
Table 28
2.3
Organizing
Numerical
Data 31
Stacked and Unstacked
Data 31
The Ordered
Array 32
The
Frequency
Distribution 33
The Relative
Frequency Distribution and the
Percentage
Distribution 35
The Cumulative Distribution
36
VISUALIZING DATA 39
2.4
Visualizing Categorical Data 39
The Bar Chart 40
The Pie
Chart 41
The Pareto Chart 42
The
Side-by-Side Bar Chart 44
2.5
Visualizing
Numerical
Data 47
The Stem-and-Leaf
Display
47
The
Histogram
48
The
Percentage Polygon 49
The
Cumulative
Percentage Polygon (Ogive)
51
2.6
Visualizing
Two
Numerical Variables 54
The
Scatter Plot 54
The Time-Series Plot 56
2.7
Organizing Multidimensional Data 58
Multidimensional
Contingency
Tables 58
Adding Numerical Variables 59
2.8
Misuses and Common
Errors in
Visualizing
Data 61
USING
STATISTICS @ Choice Is Yours, Part I Revisited 64
SUMMARY 65
KEY EQUATIONS 65
KEY TERMS 66
CHAPTER REVIEW PROBLEMS
66
MANAGING
ASHLAND MULTICOMM SERVICES 72
DIGITAL CASE 73
REFERENCES 73
CHAPTER 2 EXCEL
GUIDE 74
EG2.2
OrganizingCategorical
Data 74
EG2.3
Organizing Numerical Data 76
EG2.4
Visualizing Categorical Data 78
EG2.5
Visualizing Numerical
Data 80
EG2.6
Visualizing Two Numerical Variables 82
EG2.7
Organizing Multidimensional Data 83
CHAPTER 2 MINITAB
GUIDE 85
MG2.2
Organizing Categorical
Data 85
MG2.3
Organizing Numerical Data 85
MG2.4
Visualizing Categorical Data 86
MG2.5
Visualizing Numerical Data 87
MG2.6
Visualizing Two Numerical Variables 90
MG2.7
Organizing Multidimensional Data 91
XI
Xii CONTENTS
3
Numerical
Descriptive
Measures
92
USING STATISTICS
@ Choice Is
Yours,
Part II 93
3.1 Central
Tendency
94
The
Mean 94
The Median 96
The Mode
97
3.2 Variation and
Shape
98
The
Range
98
The Variance and the Standard Deviation 99
The Coefficient ofVariation 103
Z Scores 104
Shape
105
VISUAL
EXPLORATIONS:
Exploring
Descriptive
Statistics 107
3.3
Exploring
Numerical
Data 109
Quartiles 109
The
Interquartile Range
111
The Five-Number
Summary 111
TheBoxplot
113
3.4 Numerical
Descriptive Measures for a
Population
116
The
Population
Mean
117
The
Population Variance and Standard Deviation 117
The
Empirical Rule 118
The
Chebyshev
Rule
119
3.5 The Covariance
and the Coefficient of
Correlation 121
The Covariance 121
The Coefficient
of Correlation 123
3.6
Descriptive
Statistics: Pitfalls and Ethical
Issues 127
USING STATISTICS @ Choice Is
Yours,
Part II Revisited 127
SUMMARY 128
KEY EQUATIONS 128
KEY TERMS 129
CHAPTER
REVIEW PROBLEMS 129
MANAGING ASHLAND MULTICOMM SERVICES 134
DIGITAL CASE 134
REFERENCES
134
CHAPTER 3 EXCEL GUIDE
135
EG3.1 Central
Tendency 135
EG3.2
Variation and
Shape
135
EG3.3
Exploring
Numerical Data 136
EG3.4 Numerical
Descriptive Measures for a
Population
136
EG3.5 The Covariance and the Coefficient of
Correlation 137
CHAPTER 3 MINITAB
GUIDE 137
MG3.1 Central
Tendency 137
MG3.2 Variation and
Shape
137
MG3.3
Exploring Numerical Data 138
MG3.4 Numerical
Descriptive Measures for a
Population 138
MG3.5 The
Covariance andthe Coefficient of
Correlation 138
4
Basic
Probability
140
USING STATISTICS @ M&RElectronics World 141
4.1 Basic
Probability
Concepts
142
Events and
Sample Spaces 143
Contingency Tables and Venn
Diagrams
144
Simple Probability
145
Joint
Probability 146
Marginal Probability 146
General Addition Rule 147
4.2 Conditional
Probability
151
Computing Conditional Probabilities 151
Decision Trees 152
Independence
154
Multiplication Rules 155
Marginal Probability
Using
the General
Multiplication
Rule 156
4.3
Bayes' Theorem 159
THINK ABOUTTHIS: Divine Providence and
Spam 162
4.4
Counting
Rules 163
Counting Rule 1 163
Counting
Rule
2 164
Counting
Rule 3 164
Counting
Rule 4 165
Counting Rule 5 165
4.5 Ethicallssues
and
Probability
167
USING STATISTICS @ M&RElectronics
World Revisited 168
SUMMARY 168
KEY EQUATIONS 168
KEY TERMS 169
CHAPTER REVIEW PROBLEMS 169
DIGITAL CASE 171
REFERENCES 172
CHAPTER 4 EXCEL GUIDE 173
EG4.1 Basic
Probability Concepts
173
EG4.2 Conditional
Probability 173
EG4.3
Bayes' Theorem 173
EG4.4
Counting Rules 174
CHAPTER 4 MINITAB GUIDE 174
MG4.1 Basic
Probability Concepts 174
MG4.2 Conditional
Probability
174
MG4.3
Bayes'Theorem 174
MG4.4
Counting Rules 174
5
Discrete
Probability
Distributions
176
USING STATISTICS @ Saxon Home
Improvement
177
5.1 The
Probability Distribution for a Discrete Random
Variable 178
Expected
Value of a Discrete Random Variable 178
Variance and Standard Deviation of a Discrete
Random
Variable 179
5.2 Binomial Distribution
182
5.3 Poisson Distribution 189
USING STATISTICS @ Saxon Home
Improvement
Revisited 193
SUMMARY 193
KEY EQUATIONS 193
KEY TERMS 194
CHAPTER REVIEW PROBLEMS 194
MANAGING ASHLAND MULTICOMM
SERVICES 196
REFERENCES 196
CHAPTER 5 EXCEL GUIDE 197
EG5.1 The
Probability
Distribution for a Discrete Random
Variable 197
EG5.2 Binomial Distribution 197
EG5.3
Poisson Distribution 197
CHAPTER 5 MINITAB GUIDE 198
MG5.1 The
Probability Distribution for a Discrete Random
Variable 198
MG5.2
Binomial Distribution 199
MG5.3 Poisson Distribution
199
6 The
Normal
Distribution 200
USING STATISTICS @
OurCampus!
201
6.1 Continuous
Probability
Distributions 202
6.2 The
Normal Distribution 202
Computing
Normal Probabilities
204
THINK ABOUT THIS: What Is Normal? 212
VISUAL EXPLORATIONS:
Exploring
the Normal
Distribution 213
6.3
Evaluating Normality
214
Comparing
Data Characteristics to Theoretical
Properties 215
Constructing
the Normal
Probability
Plot 216
USING STATISTICS @
OurCampus! Revisited 219
SUMMARY 219
KEY
EQUATIONS 219
KEY TERMS 220
CHAPTER REVIEW
PROBLEMS 220
MANAGING ASHLAND MULTICOMM
SERVICES 222
DIGITAL CASE 222
REFERENCES 222
CHAPTER 6 EXCEL GUIDE 223
EG6.1 Continuous
Probability
Distributions 223
EG6.2
The Normal Distribution 223
EG6.3
Evaluating Normality 223
CHAPTER 6 MINITAB GUIDE 224
MG6.1 Continuous
Probability
Distributions 224
MG6.2 The
Normal Distribution 224
MG6.3
Evaluating Normality 224
CONTENTS Xiii
7
Sampling
and
Sampling
Distributions
226
USING STATISTICS @ Oxford Cereals 227
7.1
Types
of
Sampling
Methods 228
Simple Random
Samples
229
Systematic Samples
231
Stratified
Samples 231
Cluster
Samples
232
7.2
Evaluating Survey Worthiness 233
Survey
Error 233
Ethical Issues 234
THINK ABOUT THIS: New Media
Surveys/Old Sampling
Problem 234
7.3
Sampling Distributions 236
7.4
Sampling
Distribution of the Mean 236
The Unbiased
Property
of
the
Sample
Mean 236
Standard Error of
the Mean 238
Sampling
from
Normally
Distributed
Populations
239
Sampling
from
Non-Normally Distributed
Populations
The Central LimitTheorem 242
VISUAL EXPLORATIONS:
Exploring Sampling Distributions 243
7.5
Sampling Distribution ofthe
Proportion 245
USING STATISTICS @ Oxford
Cereals Revisited 248
SUMMARY 248
KEY EQUATIONS 248
KEY TERMS 249
CHAPTER REVIEW
PROBLEMS 249
MANAGING
ASHLAND MULTICOMM SERVICES 251
DIGITAL CASE 251
REFERENCES 252
CHAPTER 7 EXCEL GUIDE 253
EG7.1
Types of
Sampling
Methods 253
EG7.2
Evaluating Survey
Worthiness
253
EG7.3
Sampling Distributions 253
EG7.4
Sampling Distribution ofthe Mean 253
EG7.5
Sampling
Distribution ofthe
Proportion
254
CHAPTER 7 MINITAB GUIDE 254
MG7.1
Types of
Sampling
Methods 254
MG7.2
Evaluating Survey Worthiness 255
MG7.3
Sampling Distributions 255
MG7.4
Sampling Distribution ofthe Mean 255
8
Confidence Interval
Estimation
256
USING STATISTICS @ Saxon Home
Improvement
257
8.1 Confidence Interval
Estimate for the Mean
(a Known)
258
Can You Ever Know the
Population Standard
Deviation? 263
8.2 Confidence Interval Estimate for the
Mean
(a Unknown) 264
Student's/Distribution 264
xiv CONTENTS
Properties
of the t Distribution 265
The
Concept of Degrees ofFreedom 266
The Confidence Interval Statement 266
8.3 Confidence Interval Estimate for the
Proportion
272
8.4
Determining Sample
Size 275
Sample Size Determination for the
Mean 275
Sample
Size Determination for the
Proportion
277
8.5 Confidence Interval Estimation and Ethical Issues 281
USING STATISTICS @ Saxon Home
Improvement
Revisited 282
SUMMARY 282
KEY EQUATIONS 283
KEY TERMS 283
CHAPTER REVIEW PROBLEMS 283
MANAGING ASHLAND MULTICOMM SERVICES 287
DIGITAL CASE 288
REFERENCES 288
CHAPTER 8 EXCEL GUIDE 289
EG8.1
Confidence Interval Estimate for the
Mean
(a Known)
289
EG8.2 Confidence Interval Estimate for the
Mean
(cr Unknown) 289
EG8.3 Confidence Interval Estimate for the
Proportion 290
EG8.4
Determining Sample
Size 290
CHAPTER 8 MINITAB GUIDE 291
MG8.1 Confidence Interval Estimate for the
Mean (<r Known)
291
MG8.2 Confidence Interval
Estimate for the
Mean
(a Unknown)
292
MG8.3
Confidence Interval Estimate for the
Proportion 292
MG8.4
Determining Sample Size 293
9
Fundamentals of
Hypothesis
Testing:
One-Sample
Tests
294
USING STATISTICS @ Oxford Cereals, Part II 295
9.1
Fundamentals of
Hypothesis-Testing
Methodology
296
The Null and Alternative
Hypotheses 296
The Critical Value of the Test Statistic 297
Regions
of
Rejection
and
Nonrejection 298
Risks in Decision
Making Using
Hypothesis Testing
298
Hypothesis Testing Using the Critical Value
Approach
301
Hypothesis
Testing Using
the
p-Value Approach
303
A Connection Between Confidence Interval Estimation and
Hypothesis Testing
306
CanYou Ever Know the
Population Standard Deviation? 306
9.2 t Test of
Hypothesis
for
the Mean
(a Unknown)
308
The Critical Value
Approach
308
The
p-Value Approach
310
Checking
the
NormalityAssumption
310
9.3 One-Tail Tests 314
The Critical Value
Approach
315
The
p-
Value
Approach
316
9.4 Z Test of
Hypothesis
for
the
Proportion
319
The Critical Value
Approach
320
The
p-Value Approach
321
9.5 Potential
Hypothesis-Testing
Pitfalls and Ethical Issues 323
Statistical
Significance
Versus
Practical Significance 323
Reporting
of
Findings 323
Ethical Issues 324
USING STATISTICS @ Oxford
Cereals, Part II Revisited 324
SUMMARY 325
KEY EQUATIONS
325
KEY TERMS 325
CHAPTER REVIEW PROBLEMS 325
MANAGING ASHLAND MULTICOMM SERVICES 328
DIGITAL CASE 328
REFERENCES 328
CHAPTER 9 EXCEL GUIDE 329
EG9.1 Fundamentals of
Hypothesis-Testing Methodology 329
EG9.2 (Test of
Hypothesis
for the Mean (cr Unknown)
329
EG9.3 One-Tail
Tests 330'
EG9.4
ZTest of Hypothesis for the
Proportion
331
CHAPTER 9 MINITAB GUIDE 332
MG9.1 Fundamentals of
Hypothesis-Testing Mettiodology
332
MG9.2 f Test of
Hypothesis for the Mean
(o- Unknown)
332
MG9.3
One-Tail Tests 332
MG9.4 ZTest of
Hypothesis
for the
Proportion 333
10
Two-Sample
Tests and
One-Way
ANOVA 334
USING STATISTICS @
BLK
Beverages
335
10.1
Comparing
the Means of Two
Independent
Populations
336
Pooled-Variance t Test for the Difference Between
Two
Means 336
Confidence Interval Estimate for the Difference Between
Two Means 341
t Test for the
Difference Between Two Means
Assuming
Unequal Variances 342
THINK
ABOUTTHIS: "This Call
May Be Monitored
...
"
342
10.2
Comparing
the
Means ofTwo Related
Populations 345
Paired?Test 346
Confidence Interval Estimate for the Mean Difference
352
10.3
Comparing
the
Proportions ofTwo
Independent
Populations 354
ZTest for the Difference
Between Two
Proportions
354
Confidence Interval Estimate for the Difference Between
Two
Proportions 358
10.4 FTest for the Ratio of
Two Variances 361
10.5
One-Way Analysis
ofVariance 366
One-Way
ANOVA FTest for Differences
Among More
Than Two Means 366
Multiple
Comparisons:
The
Tukey-Kramer
Procedure 372
ANOVA
Assumptions
374
Levene Test for
Homogeneity
ofVariance 375
USING STATISTICS @ BLK
Beverages
Revisited 380
SUMMARY 380
KEY EQUATIONS 381
KEY TERMS 382
CHAPTER REVIEW PROBLEMS 383
MANAGING ASHLAND MULTICOMM SERVICES 387
CONTENTS
XV
DIGITAL CASE 388
REFERENCES 389
CHAPTER 10 EXCEL GUIDE 390
EG10.1
Comparing
the Means ofTwo
Independent
Populations
390
EG10.2
Comparing
the Means ofTwo Related
Populations
392
EG10.3
Comparing
the
Proportions
ofTwo
Independent
Populations
393
EG10.4 FTest for the Ratio ofTwo Variances 394
EG10.5
One-Way Analysis of Variance 395
CHAPTER 10 MINITAB GUIDE 398
MG10.1
Comparing
the Means ofTwo
Independent
Populations
398
MG10.2 Comparing the Means ofTwo Related
Populations
398
MG10.3
Comparing
the
Proportions
ofTwo
Independent
Populations
399
MG10.4 F Test for the Ratio ofTwo Variances 399
MG10.5
One-Way Analysis
ofVariance 400
11
Chi-Square
Tests 402
USING STATISTICS @ T.C. Resort
Properties
403
11.1
Chi-Square
Test for the Difference Between Two
Proportions
404
11.2
Chi-Square
Test for Differences
Among
More Than Two
Proportions
411
11.3
Chi-Square
Test of
Independence
415
USING STATISTICS @ T.C. Resort
Properties
Revisited 421
SUMMARY 421
KEY EQUATIONS 422
KEY TERMS 422
CHAPTER REVIEW PROBLEMS 423
MANAGING ASHLAND MULTICOMM SERVICES 425
DIGITAL CASE 426
REFERENCES 426
CHAPTER 11 EXCEL GUIDE 427
EG11.1 Chi-Square Test for the Difference Between
Two
Proportions
427
EG11.2
Chi-Square
Test for Differences
Among
More
Than Two
Proportions
427
EG11.3
Chi-Square
Test of
Independence
428
CHAPTER 11 MINITAB GUIDE 429
MG11.1
Chi-Square Test for the Difference Between Two
Proportions
429
MG11.2
Chi-Square
Test for Differences
Among
More
Than Two
Proportions
429
MG11.3
Chi-Square Test of
Independence
429
12
Simple
Linear
Regression
430
USING STATISTICS @ Sunflowers
Apparel
431
12.1
Types
of
Regression
Models 432
12.2
Determining
the
Simple
Linear
Regression
Equation
434
The
Least-Squares
Method 435
Predictions in
Regression Analysis:
Interpolation
Versus
Extrapolation
437
Computing
the Y
Intercept, b0
and the
Slope,
b\
438
VISUAL EXPLORATIONS: Exploring Simple
Linear
Regression
Coefficients 440
12.3 Measures ofVariation 443
Computing
the Sum of
Squares
443
The Coefficient ofDetermination 444
Standard Error ofthe Estimate
446
12.4
Assumptions
448
12.5 Residual
Analysis
449
Evaluating
the
Assumptions
449
12.6
Measuring
Autocorrelation: The Durbin-Watson
Statistic 453
Residual Plots to Detect Autocorrelation 453
The Durbin-Watson Statistic 454
12.7 Inferences About the
Slope
and Correlation
Coefficient 457
/Test for the
Slope
458
FTest for the
Slope
459
Confidence Interval Estimate for
the
Slope
460
t
Test for the Correlation Coefficient 461
12.8 Estimation ofMean Values and Prediction of individual
Values 464
The Confidence
Interval Estimate 465
The Prediction Interval 466
12.9 Pitfalls in
Regression
468
THINK ABOUT THIS:
By Any
Other Name 471
USING STATISTICS @ Sunflowers
Apparel
Revisited 471
SUMMARY 472
KEY EQUATIONS 473
KEY TERMS 474
CHAPTER REVIEW PROBLEMS 474
MANAGING ASHLAND MULTICOMM
SERVICES 479
DIGITAL CASE 479
REFERENCES 480
CHAPTER 12 EXCEL GUIDE 481
EG12.1
Types
ofRegression Models 481
EG12.2
Determining
the
Simple
Linear
Regression
Equation 481
EG12.3 Measures ofVariation 482
EG12.4
Assumptions
482
EG12.5 Residual
Analysis
482
EG12.6
Measuring
Autocorrelation: The Durbin-Watson
Statistic 482
EG 12.7 Inferences About the
Slope
and Correlation
Coefficient 483
EG12.8 Estimation ofMean Values and Prediction
ofIndividual Values 483
CHAPTER 12 MINITAB GUIDE 484
MG12.1
Types
of
Regression
Models 484
MG12.2
Determining
the
Simple
Linear
Regression
Equation 484
MG12.3 Measures ofVariation 484
MG12.4
Assumptions 484
MG12.5 Residual
Analysis
484
XVi
CONTENTS
MG12.6
Measuring Autocorrelation: The Durbin-Watson
Statistic 485
MG12.7
Inferences About the
Slope
and Correlation
Coefficient 485
MG12.8 Estimation of
Mean Values and Prediction
of Individual
Values 485
13
Multiple Regression
486
USING STATISTICS @ OmniFoods 487
13.1
Developing a
Multiple Regression Model 488
Visualizing Multiple
Regression
Data 488
Interpreting
the
Regression Coefficients 488
Predicting
the
Dependent Variable Y 491
13.2 r2,
Adjusted r2,
and the Overall FTest 494
Coefficient of
Multiple Determination 494
Adjusted
r2
495
Test for the
Significance ofthe Overall
Multiple
Regression Model 495
13.3 Residual
Analysis
for the
Multiple Regression
Model 498
13.4 Inferences
Concerning
the
Population Regression
Coefficients 500
Tests of
Hypothesis
500
Confidence Interval Estimation 501
13.5
Using Dummy
Variables and Interaction Terms in
Regression
Models 503
Dummy
variables 503
Interactions 505
USING STATISTICS @ OmniFoods Revisited 510
SUMMARY 510
KEY EQUATIONS 512
KEY TERMS 512
CHAPTER REVIEW PROBLEMS 512
MANAGING ASHLAND MULTICOMM
SERVICES 516
DIGITAL CASE 516
REFERENCES 516
CHAPTER 13 EXCEL GUIDE
517
EG 13.1
Developing
a
Multiple
Regression
Model 517
EG13.2
r2, Adjusted r2, and the Overall FTest 518
EG13.3 Residual
Analysis
for the
Multiple Regression
Model 518
EG 13.4 Inferences
Concerning the
Population Regression
Coefficients
519
EG 13.5
Using Dummy
Variables
and Interaction Terms
in
Regression
Models 519
CHAPTER 13 MINITAB GUIDE 520
MG13.1
Developing
a
Multiple Regression
Model 520
MG13.2
r2, Adjusted r2, and the Overall FTest
521
MG13.3 Residual
Analysis
for the
Multiple Regression
Model 521
MG13.4 Inferences
Concerning
the
Population Regression
Coefficients 521
MG13.5
Using Dummy Variables and Interaction Terms
in
Regression Models 521
% Online
Chapter:
14
Statistical
Applications
in
Quality Management
USING STATISTICS @ Beachcomber Hotel
14.1 The
Theory
ofControl Charts
14.2 Control Chart for the
Proportion:
The
p
Chart
14.3 The
Red Bead
Experiment: Understanding
Process
Variability
14.4 Control Charts for the
Range
and the Mean
The R Chart
The X Chart
14.5 Total
Quality Management
14.6 Six
Sigma
The DMAIC
Model
Roles in a Six
Sigma Organization
USING STATISTICS @ Beachcomber Hotel Revisited
SUMMARY
KEY EQUATIONS
KEY TERMS
CHAPTER REVIEW PROBLEMS
THE HARNSWELL SEWING MACHINE
COMPANY CASE
MANAGING ASHLAND MULTICOMM SERVICES
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 14 EXCEL GUIDE
EG14.1 The
Theory ofControl Charts
EG 14.2 Control Chart for the
Proportion: The
p
Chart
EG14.3 The Red Bead
Experiment:
Understanding
Process
Variability
EG14.4 Control Charts for
the
Range
and the Mean
CHAPTER 14 MINITAB GUIDE
MG14.1 The
Theory ofControl Charts
MG14.2 Control Chart for the
Proportion: Thep
Chart
MG14.3 The Red Bead
Experiment: Understanding
Process
Variability
MG14.4
Control Charts for the
Range and the Mean
Appendices
523
A. Basic Math
Concepts
and
Symbols
524
A.l Rules for Arithmetic
Operations
524
A.2 Rules for
Algebra: Exponents
and
Square
Roots 524
A.3 Rules for
Logarithms
525
A.4 Summation Notation 526
A.5 Statistical
Symbols 5:29
A.6 Greek Alphabet 529
B. Basic
Computing
Skills 530
B. l
Objects
in a Window 530
B.2 Basic Mouse
Operations
531
B.3
Dialog
Box Interactions 531
B.4
Unique Features 533
C. Online Resources 534
C. 1 About The
Online Resources for This Book 534
C.2
Accessing
the Online
Resources 534