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Introduction To Complex Numbers: Problem Sheet Michaelmas 2013

This document provides 12 exercises involving complex numbers. The exercises cover topics such as determining which quadratic equations require complex number solutions, manipulating complex numbers in various forms, sketching subsets of the complex plane satisfying certain conditions, using De Moivre's theorem, finding roots of unity, and factorizing expressions involving complex roots of unity.

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Eliud Sanap
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45 views

Introduction To Complex Numbers: Problem Sheet Michaelmas 2013

This document provides 12 exercises involving complex numbers. The exercises cover topics such as determining which quadratic equations require complex number solutions, manipulating complex numbers in various forms, sketching subsets of the complex plane satisfying certain conditions, using De Moivre's theorem, finding roots of unity, and factorizing expressions involving complex roots of unity.

Uploaded by

Eliud Sanap
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Complex Numbers

Problem Sheet
Michaelmas 2013
Exercise 1 Which of the following quadratic equations require the use of complex numbers to solve
them?
3x
2
+ 2x 1 = 0, 2x
2
6x + 9 = 0, 4x
2
+ 7x 9 = 0.
Exercise 2 Put each of the following complex numbers into the form a + bi with a, b R:
(1 + 2i)(3 i),
1 + 2i
3 i
, (1 + i)
4
.
Exercise 3 Let z
1
= 1+i and let z
2
= 23i. Put each of the following into the form a+bi with a, b R:
z
1
+ z
2
, z
1
z
2
, z
1
z
2
, z
1
/z
2
, z
1
z
2
.
Exercise 4 Find the square roots of 5 12i, and hence solve the quadratic equation
z
2
(4 + i) z + (5 + 5i) = 0.
Exercise 5 Find the modulus and argument of each of the following complex numbers:
1 +

3i, (2 + i) (3 i) , (1 + i)
5
.
Exercise 6
(i) By nding the argument of i, write i in the form e
i
for suitable R.
(ii) Multiplication by i takes the point x+iy to the point y +ix. What transformation of the Argand
diagram does this represent?
(iii) What is the eect of multiplying a complex number by (1 + i) /

2? [Hint: recall that this is a


square root of i.]
Exercise 7 On separate Argand diagrams sketch the subsets of C consisting of all complex numbers z
satisfying the following conditions:
(i) |z| < 1; (ii) Re z = 3; (iii) |z 1| = |z + i| ;
(iv) /4 < arg z < /4; (v) Re (z + 1) = |z 1| ; (vi) arg (z i) = /2;
(vii) |z 3 4i| = 5; (viii) Re ((1 + i) z) = 1. (ix) Im

z
3

> 0.
1
Exercise 8 Use De Moivres Theorem to show that
cos 5 = 16 cos
5
20 cos
3
+ 5 cos ,
and that
sin 5 =

16 cos
4
12 cos
2
+ 1

sin
for every R.
Exercise 9 Let C be a cube root of unity (i.e.
3
= 1) such that = 1. Show that
1 + +
2
= 0.
Exercise 10 Let
= cos
2
5
+ i sin
2
5
.
Show that
5
= 1 = , and deduce that
1 + +
2
+
3
+
4
= 0.
Find a quadratic equation with real coecients whose roots are +
4
and
2
+
3
. Hence show that
cos
2
5
=

5 1
4
.
Exercise 11 By considering the seventh roots of 1, show that
cos

7
+ cos
3
7
+ cos
5
7
=
1
2
.
What is the value of
cos
2
7
+ cos
4
7
+ cos
6
7
?
Exercise 12 Find all the roots of the equation x
8
= 1. Hence write x
8
+ 1 as the product of four
quadratic factors with real coecients.
2

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