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Broad Array

This document analyzes the radiation patterns of different array antenna configurations by varying the number of elements (N) and the distance between elements (d). It examines broadside arrays with fixed d while varying N, broadside arrays with fixed N while varying d, end-fire arrays with fixed d while varying N, and end-fire arrays with fixed N while varying d. The conclusions are that radiation decreases and directivity increases with larger N for broadside arrays, more lobes appear with larger d for broadside arrays, and unwanted side lobes appear for end-fire arrays when varying d.

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MohamadWehbe
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41 views16 pages

Broad Array

This document analyzes the radiation patterns of different array antenna configurations by varying the number of elements (N) and the distance between elements (d). It examines broadside arrays with fixed d while varying N, broadside arrays with fixed N while varying d, end-fire arrays with fixed d while varying N, and end-fire arrays with fixed N while varying d. The conclusions are that radiation decreases and directivity increases with larger N for broadside arrays, more lobes appear with larger d for broadside arrays, and unwanted side lobes appear for end-fire arrays when varying d.

Uploaded by

MohamadWehbe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

1

1. Broad Side Array 1: =0


N=2-20 and d=


In this section we are going to analyze the variation of number of elements (N)
while fixing the distance (d) between those elements.
MatLab Code:
lam=1/2;
N=input('Number of elements in array=');
d=lam/2;
theta=0:0.01:2*pi;
Bd=(2*pi/lam)*d*cos(theta);
num=sin(N*Bd/2);
den=sin(Bd/2);
F=abs(num./den);
polar(theta,F);
y=['N = ',num2str(N),'; Wavelength = 1/2'];
title(y);






2


0.5
1
1.5
2
30
210
60
240
90
270
120
300
150
330
180 0
N = 2; Wavelength = 1/2
2
4
6
8
30
210
60
240
90
270
120
300
150
330
180 0
N = 8; Wavelength = 1/2
3


5
10
15
30
210
60
240
90
270
120
300
150
330
180 0
N = 14; Wavelength = 1/2
5
10
15
20
30
210
60
240
90
270
120
300
150
330
180 0
N = 20; Wavelength = 1/2
4

Conclusion:
The above figures shows the radiation pattern at N=2, 8, 14 and20. From
the above figures we can conclude that as the number of elements N is
increased, decreases and consequently the Directivity increases.
In addition to that the numbers of side lobes are multiplying at the center
of the radiation pattern.
In order to avoid the appearance of grating side lobes in the radiation
pattern d should be

.
The code below shows that we have modified d to be

.
Matlab Code:
lam=1/2;
N=input('Number of elements in array=');
d=lam/4;
theta=0:0.01:2*pi;
Bd=(2*pi/lam)*d*cos(theta);
num=sin(N*Bd/2);
den=sin(Bd/2);
F=abs(num./den);
polar(theta,F);
y=['N = ',num2str(N),'; Wavelength = 1/4'];
title(y);
The simulation will be at N=8 and the figures below show the results.
5





The figure on the left shows that when we take d less than the wave length the side
lobes decrease, so as we decrease d the number of lobes decreases.









2
4
6
8
30
210
60
240
90
270
120
300
150
330
180 0
N = 8; Wavelength = 1/4
2
4
6
8
30
210
60
240
90
270
120
300
150
330
180 0
N = 8; Wavelength = 1/2
6

2. Broad Side Array 2:
In this section we have fixed the number of elements N and we vary

.
N=10 and

: 0.1-1.5
N=10;
d=input('Enter the distance between two elements=');
theta=0:0.01:2*pi;
Bd=(2*pi)*d*cos(theta);
num=sin(N*Bd/2);
den=N*sin(pi*d*cos(theta));
F=abs(num./den);
polar(theta,F);
y=['N = 10; Distance =',num2str(d)];
title(y);







0.5
1
1.5
2
30
210
60
240
90
270
120
300
150
330
180 0
N = 2; Wavelength = 1/2
7


0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
30
210
60
240
90
270
120
300
150
330
180 0
N = 10; Distance =0.6
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
30
210
60
240
90
270
120
300
150
330
180 0
N = 10; Distance =0.1
8


0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
30
210
60
240
90
270
120
300
150
330
180 0
N = 10; Distance =1.5
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
30
210
60
240
90
270
120
300
150
330
180 0
N = 10; Distance =1
9

Conclusion:
We can conclude from the above figures that as

increases, number of lobes will


increase and starts to radiate.























10

3. End-Fire Array 1: =d
N=2-20 d=


In this section we are going to analyze the variation of the number of elements (N)
while fixing the distance between those elements.
MatLab Code:
lam=1/2;
N=input('Number of elements in array=');
d=lam/4;
theta=0:0.01:2*pi;
f=(2*pi/lam)*d*cos(theta)-(2*pi/lam)*d;
num=sin(N*f/2);
den=sin(f/2);
F=abs(num./den);
polar(theta,F);
y=['N = ',num2str(N),'; d = lam/4'];
title(y);







11


2
4
6
8
30
210
60
240
90
270
120
300
150
330
180 0
N = 8; d = lam/4
0.5
1
1.5
2
30
210
60
240
90
270
120
300
150
330
180 0
N = 2; d = lam/4
12


5
10
15
20
30
210
60
240
90
270
120
300
150
330
180 0
N = 20; d = lam/4
5
10
15
30
210
60
240
90
270
120
300
150
330
180 0
N = 15; d = lam/4
13

Conclusion:
The above figures shows the radiation pattern at N=2, 8, 15 and20. From
the above figures we can conclude that as the number of elements N is
increased, decrease and we observe huge amount of side lobes at the
center.

4. End-Fire Array 2:

In this section we have fixed the number of elements N and we have varied

.
N=10 and

: 0.1-1.5
N=10;
d=input('Enter the distance between two elements=');
theta=0:0.01:2*pi;
f=pi*d*(cos(theta)-1);
num=sin(N*f);
den=N*sin(f);
F=abs(num./den);
polar(theta,F);
y=['N = ',num2str(N),'; d/lam = ',num2str(d)];
title(y);
14


0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
30
210
60
240
90
270
120
300
150
330
180 0
N = 10; d/lam = 0.1
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
30
210
60
240
90
270
120
300
150
330
180 0
N = 10; d/lam = 0.4
15


0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
30
210
60
240
90
270
120
300
150
330
180 0
N = 10; d/lam = 1
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
30
210
60
240
90
270
120
300
150
330
180 0
N = 10; d/lam = 0.8
16


Conclusion:
Its clear that when we vary

: between 0.1 and 1.5 theres unwanted


radiations resulted from the side lobes in unlike when we varied the
number of elements N.
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
30
210
60
240
90
270
120
300
150
330
180 0
N = 10; d/lam = 1.5

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