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Digital Television Set-Top-Box Architecture

The document discusses set-top box architecture for digital television. It covers hardware and software components of set-top boxes, including tuners, demuxes, decoders, and operating systems. It also discusses extras like hierarchical constellations for improving reception and diversity reception using multiple antennas to mitigate signal fades.

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256 views30 pages

Digital Television Set-Top-Box Architecture

The document discusses set-top box architecture for digital television. It covers hardware and software components of set-top boxes, including tuners, demuxes, decoders, and operating systems. It also discusses extras like hierarchical constellations for improving reception and diversity reception using multiple antennas to mitigate signal fades.

Uploaded by

api-19973617
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 9

Digital television
Set-Top-Box Architecture

• Set-Top-Boxes
• Hardware
• Software

• Some extras
• Hierarchical constellations
• Diversity reception

26.2.2003 Digital televsion techniques – Lecture 9 1


www.abo.fi/~jbjorkqv/digitv
Zarlink semiconductor
Z10310/11 DVB-T Receiver
388 Pin PBGA

26.2.2003 Digital televsion techniques – Lecture 9 2


www.abo.fi/~jbjorkqv/digitv
Sci-worx
FEC_SA DVB-S FEC

26.2.2003 Digital televsion techniques – Lecture 9 3


www.abo.fi/~jbjorkqv/digitv
LSI Logic

L64782 COFDM Receiver

26.2.2003 Digital televsion techniques – Lecture 9 4


www.abo.fi/~jbjorkqv/digitv
Comtech
AHA4210 FEC

26.2.2003 Digital televsion techniques – Lecture 9 5


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Digital TV back end

OK, we have the Transport Stream TS (from front end)

Note TS is exactly the same for DVB-C/S/T

26.2.2003 Digital televsion techniques – Lecture 9 6


www.abo.fi/~jbjorkqv/digitv
Demux of TS

• Construct Program Association Table (PAT), Program Map


Table (PMT), Network Information Table (NIT),
and Conditional Access Table (CAT)
• Extract compressed video
• Extract compressed audio
• Extract other data (MHP, Supertext, subtitles, conditional acces)

26.2.2003 Digital televsion techniques – Lecture 9 7


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Handling the data

Video stream decompression

Audio stream decompression

Teletext display

Program information display

MHP functions

Other interfaces (return channel)

26.2.2003 Digital televsion techniques – Lecture 9 8


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Exmple ST20 based

26.2.2003 Digital televsion techniques – Lecture 9 9


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Philips: Viper: Multiprocessor SOC for
STB

26.2.2003 Digital televsion techniques – Lecture 9 10


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Philips: Viper: Multiprocessor SOC for
STB

26.2.2003 Digital televsion techniques – Lecture 9 11


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Geode STB development platform

26.2.2003 Digital televsion techniques – Lecture 9 12


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STB architecture example SoC

26.2.2003 Digital televsion techniques – Lecture 9 13


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STB architecture example

26.2.2003 Digital televsion techniques – Lecture 9 14


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STB architecture example

26.2.2003 Digital televsion techniques – Lecture 9 15


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PC Cards:

26.2.2003 Digital televsion techniques – Lecture 9 16


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STB Software
Functions:

Hardware
tuner, demux, MPEG decode
Drivers
Operating system
Depending on processor,
Linux, Windows, Unix, OS20, VxWorks...
Middle Ware
MediaHigway, OpenTV, WinCE
Applications
By STB vendors

26.2.2003 Digital televsion techniques – Lecture 9 17


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Special needs for STB software

Limited input devices (remote control, a few buttons)

Limited output resolution (TV screen)

Easy of use VERY imporant

In general: STB market VERY price sensitive

26.2.2003 Digital televsion techniques – Lecture 9 18


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Set-top boxes

26.2.2003 Digital televsion techniques – Lecture 9 19


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Microsoft TV

Interactive program guide


Advertising, VOD, PPW

TV Server

TV Advanced

26.2.2003 Digital televsion techniques – Lecture 9 20


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MicrosoftTV

26.2.2003 Digital televsion techniques – Lecture 9 21


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Open TV

Example: EPG

26.2.2003 Digital televsion techniques – Lecture 9 22


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Open TV MHP Package 1.0

26.2.2003 Digital televsion techniques – Lecture 9 23


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26.2.2003 Digital televsion techniques – Lecture 9 24
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Extras: Diversity receiver

• Gaussian channel: Direct-path + echoes


• E.g. stationary roof-top antenna

• Rayleigh channel: Only echoes


• Typical in portable/mobile receivers

• Problems:
• Fades: Some subcarriers are faded -> OK (COFDM)
• Deep-fades / flat fading: large number of carriers lost -> ?
• Doppler spread: Orthogonality is lost ->
• Inter carrier interference / ”FFT-leakage”

26.2.2003 Digital televsion techniques – Lecture 9 25


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Extras: Diversity receiver

26.2.2003 Digital televsion techniques – Lecture 9 26


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Extras: Diversity receiver
ρ1(k)} Complex attentuation
σ1(k) Noise at channel k

ESTIMATION

CALCULATION
CHANNEL
ANTENNA 1
Estimation of

METRICS
DEMOD
{ ρ1(k)}, { σ1(k)}

OFDM
TUNER

CAN
Portable or {x 1(k)}
Mobile

MRC
Multipath {x2(k)}

CALCULATION
Channel
ANTENNA 2

ESTIMATION
DEMOD

METRICS
CHANNEL
OFDM
TUNER

Estimation of
CAN

{ ρ2(k)}, { σ2(k)}

SOURCE DECODING EXTERNAL DECODING INTERNAL DECODING


(MPEG2) (RS CODE) (SOFT VITERBI ALGORITHM)

26.2.2003 Digital televsion techniques – Lecture 9 27


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Extras: Diversity receiver

26.2.2003 Digital televsion techniques – Lecture 9 28


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Extras: Diversity receiver

26.2.2003 Digital televsion techniques – Lecture 9 29


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Hierarchical constellations

26.2.2003 Digital televsion techniques – Lecture 9 30


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