7100 DS Aug 2005

® STx7100 (STb7100, STi7100, STm7100)
Low-cost HDTV set-top box decoder for H.264/AVC and MPEG-2

ADVANCE DATA
Features
■ The STx7100 is a single-chip, high- ■ The STx7100 also features the following
definition STB decoder including: embedded interfaces:
● ST40 CPU core, 266 MHz ● USB 2.0
● dual ST231 CPU cores for audio and video ● DVI/HDMI output
decoding, both 400 MHz ● digital audio and video auxiliary input
● transport filtering and descrambling ● modem
● video decoder: H.264/AVC and MPEG-2 ● serial ATA
● graphics engine and dual display:
high-definition (HD) and
standard definition (SD)
● audio decoder
Confidential
10-ch
DDR PCM out S/PDIF
SDRAM AudioL Peripheral I/O
2-ch SD and external interrupts
PCM in AudioR video in
32 32 Audio
ST40 core 266 MHz Serial
DACs
Video ATA 2x I/F IR MAFE
H-UDI 16 K Icache LMI Audio decoder interface PWM
SmCard Tx/Rx interface
and interfaces
Int. control
USB 4x 3x
MMU System ST231 Digital 6x GPIO
core 2.0 ILC
32 K Dcache LMI UARTs SSCs
video input
STBus
CP Video decoder CUR GDP GDP LMU

PDES 2D gamma
FDMA H.264/AVC, Main video
MPEG2 blitter
Display display
DAA ST231
PTI compositor
Clock core Aux video EMI
generator display
and system DiSEqC Output stage
TSmerger/router DENC
services DVI-HDCP
HDMI DACs DACs
TSIN0 TSIN1 TS I/O TMDS Main video Aux video Flash

NRSS-A main video HD output SD output peripherals
(HD) YPbPr YC/CVBS
August 2005 7801572A STMicroelectronics Confidential

This is preliminary information on a new product now in development or undergoing evaluation. Details are subject to change without notice.
STx7100
Processor subsystem Audio subsystem

■ ST40 32-bit superscalar RISC CPU ■ Digital audio decoder
● 266 MHz, 2-way set associative 16-Kbyte ICache, 32- ● compatible with all popular audio standards
Kbyte DCache, MMU ● PCM mixing with internal or external source and sample
● 5-stage pipeline, delayed branch support rate conversion
● floating point unit, matrix operation support ● independent multichannel PCM output, S/PDIF output and
● debug port, interrupt controller analog output
● 6 to 2 channel downmixing
Transport subsystem ● PCM audio input
■ TS merger/router ■ Stereo 24-bit audio DAC for analog output

● 2 serial/parallel inputs ■ IEC958/IEC1937 digital audio output
● 1 bidirectional interface interface (S/PDIF)
● merging of 3 transport streams
● transport stream from memory support
● NRSS-A module interface
Interfaces
● TS routing for DVB-CI and CableCARD™ modules ■ External memory interface (EMI)
■ Programmable transport interface (PTI) ● 16-bit interface supporting ROM, Flash, SFlash, SRAM,
● transport stream demux: DVB, DIRECTV®, ATSC, ARIB, peripherals
OpenCable, DCII ● access in 5 banks
● integrated DES, AES, DVB, ICAM and Multi2 ● master/slave support for interconnecting two STx7100
descramblers devices
● NDS random access scrambled stream protocol (RASP) ■ Dual local memory interface (LMI)
compliant ● dual interface for 32-bit DDR1 200-MHz (DDR400)
● NDS ICAM CA memories, supports 64, 128, 256 and 512 Mbit devices
● support for VGS, Passage and DVS042 residue handling
■ USB 2.0 host interface
Confidential
Video/graphics subsystem ■ Serial ATA hard-disk drive support

■ MPEG-4 AVC high profile level 4.1/ MPEG-2 ● record and playback with trick modes
MP@HL video decoder ● pause and time shifting
● watch and record
● hardware/firmware mixed architecture
● advanced error concealment and trick mode support ■ On-chip peripherals
● dual MPEG-2 MP@HL decode ● 4 ASCs (UARTs) with Tx and Rx FIFOS, two of which can
■ SD (ITU-R BT 601/656) D1 digital video input be used in smartcard interfaces
● 2 smartcard interfaces and clock generators (improved to
■ Displays reduce external circuitry)
● HD display, multiformat capable ● 3 SSCs for I²C/SPI master slaves interfaces
(1080I, 720P, 480P/576P, 480I/576I) ● 2 PWM outputs
- Analog HD output RGB or YPbPr ● teletext serializer and DMA module
- HDMI encoded output ● 6 banks of general purpose I/O, 3.3 V tolerant
● SD display ● SiLabs line-side (DAA) interface
- Analog SD output: YPbPr or YC and CVBS ● Modem analog front end (MAFE/DAA) interface
● infrared transmitter/receiver supporting RC5, RC6 and
■ Gamma 2D/3D graphics processor
RECS80 codes
● dual source blitter engine
● UHF remote receiver input interface
● alpha blending and logical operations
● interrupt level controller and external interrupts,
● color space and format conversion
3.3 V tolerant
● fast color fill
● low power/RTC/watchdog controller
● arbitrary resizing with high quality filters
● integrated VCXO
● acceleration of direct drawing by CPU
● DiSEqCTM 2.0 interface
■ Gamma compositor and video processor
● 5 channels mixer for HD output
■ Flexible multichannel DMA
● independent 2-channel mixer for SD output
● 2 graphic display planes Services and package
● high-quality video scaler
■ JTAG/TAP interface
● picture up-conversion hardware
● linear resizing and format conversions ■ ST40 and ST231 toolset support
● horizontal and vertical filtering
■ 35 x 35 PGBA package, 580+100 balls
■ Copy protection
● HDMI 1.0/HDCP 1.1 copy protection hardware
● Macrovision™ copy protection for 480I, 480P, 576I, 576P
outputs
2/935 STMicroelectronics Confidential 7801572A

STx7100
Contents
Part 1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Chapter 1 Applications overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Chapter 2 Device variants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Chapter 3 Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
3.2 Omega2 (STBus) interconnect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
3.3 Processor cores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
3.4 Dual local memory interface (LMI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
3.5 External memory interface (EMI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Confidential
3.6 Transport subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

3.7 H.264/MPEG-2 video decoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
3.8 Digital video input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
3.9 Video display processors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
3.10 Graphics display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
3.11 Display compositor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
3.12 Main display output stage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
3.13 Auxiliary display output stage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
3.14 Gamma 2D blitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
3.15 Audio subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
3.16 FDMA controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
3.17 Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
3.18 Clock generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
3.19 System services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Chapter 4 CPUs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4.1 ST40 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
4.2 ST231 CPU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Chapter 5 Memory map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

5.1 Memory map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
7801572A STMicroelectronics Confidential 3/935

STx7100
5.2 Internal peripherals map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

5.3 Memory management and organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5.4 Memory space access per initiator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Chapter 6 System configuration registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

6.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
6.2 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
6.3 Device identity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
6.4 System status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
6.5 PIO alternate configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Part 2 Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Chapter 7 Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Confidential
Chapter 8 Pin list and alternative functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

8.1 Pin-out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
8.2 Alternative functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Chapter 9 Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
9.1 Power supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
9.2 System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
9.3 JTAG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
9.4 Transport, NRSS-A and D1 input interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
9.5 Display digital output interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
9.6 Display analog output interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
9.7 HDMI interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
9.8 Audio digital interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
9.9 Audio analog interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
9.10 Programmable inputs/outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
9.11 External memory interface (EMI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
9.12 System local memory interface (LMISYS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
9.13 Video local memory interface (LMIVID) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
9.14 USB 2.0 interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
9.15 SATA-I interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

STx7100
9.16 Peripherals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108
Chapter 10 Reset configuration (mode pins) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Chapter 11 Electrical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

11.1 Video DACs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114
Chapter 12 Timing specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

12.1 Audio input AC specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116
12.2 Audio output AC specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117
12.3 Video output AC specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117
12.4 Transport stream input AC specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118
12.5 DVP inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118
12.6 Transport stream output AC specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118
12.7 JTAG interfaces AC specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
Confidential
12.8 EMI timings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120

12.9 LMI DDR-SDRAM timings (system and video) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123
12.10 PIO output AC specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125
12.11 MAFE interface output AC specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126
12.12 MAFE interface input AC specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126
Chapter 13 HD and SD triple video DACs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

13.1 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127
13.2 Output-stage adaptation and amplification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128
Chapter 14 Audio DAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

14.1 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129
14.2 Operating modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129
14.3 Output stage filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131
Chapter 15 PCB layout recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

15.1 SATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .132
15.2 DDR-SDRAM interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135
15.3 USB2.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137
15.4 Board design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137
15.5 Power supplies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141

STx7100
15.6 HDMI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Part 3 System infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Chapter 16 Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

16.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
16.2 Power-on reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
16.3 System reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
16.4 Reset sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
16.5 CPUs reset and reset out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
16.6 ST40 watchdog timeout reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
16.7 WDOGRSTOUT signal length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Chapter 17 Clocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Confidential
17.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

17.2 Clock generator A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
17.3 Clock generator B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Chapter 18 Clock registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

18.1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
18.2 Clock generator A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
18.3 Clock generator B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Chapter 19 Low-power modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

19.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
19.2 ST40 low-power modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
19.3 Reducing or/and stopping the clocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
19.4 ILC interrupt controller: wake-up interrupt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
19.5 DDR self-refresh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
19.6 Low-power mode sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Chapter 20 Low power registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Chapter 21 Boot modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

21.1 Default mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

STx7100
21.2 Delta ST231 mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194

21.3 Audio ST231 mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194
Chapter 22 Interrupt system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

22.1 ST40 Interrupt network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195
22.2 Delta (H.264) ST231 interrupt network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .197
22.3 STx7100 interrupt network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .197
Chapter 23 Interrupt map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

23.1 ST40 interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199
23.2 INTC2 secondary interrupt controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202
23.3 Delta (H.264) ST231 interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203
23.4 STx7100 interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205
Chapter 24 Interrupt registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

Confidential
Chapter 25 Programmable I/O (PIO) ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Chapter 26 Programmable I/O ports registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Chapter 27 Mailboxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

27.1 Mailbox register operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221
Chapter 28 Mailbox registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Part 4 Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Chapter 29 Local memory interface (LMI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

29.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228
29.2 SDRAM interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229
Chapter 30 LMI registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Chapter 31 External memory interface (EMI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

31.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246
31.2 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .246

STx7100
31.3 EMI interface pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

31.4 EMI address map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
31.5 EMI operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
31.6 Default/reset configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
31.7 Peripheral interface (with synchronous Flash memory support) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
31.8 Chip select allocation/bank configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
31.9 Address bus extension to low order bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
31.10 PC card interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
31.11 External bus mastering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
31.12 EMI buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Chapter 32 EMI registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

32.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
32.2 EMI register descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
32.3 EMI buffer register descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Confidential
Chapter 33 DMA network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

33.1 DMA requests and channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Chapter 34 Flexible DMA (FDMA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

34.1 Channel structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
34.2 FDMA timing model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
34.3 Operating the FDMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
34.4 Setting up FDMA transfers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Chapter 35 Flexible DMA (FDMA) registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

35.1 FDMA interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
35.2 Channel interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
35.3 Command mailbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
35.4 Interrupt mailbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
35.5 Memory-to-memory moves and paced transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
35.6 S/PDIF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
35.7 SCD/PES parsing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

STx7100
Part 5 Transport interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Chapter 36 Programmable transport interface (PTI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

36.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311
36.2 PTI functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312
36.3 PTI architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .313
36.4 PTI operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .316
36.5 Interrupt handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318
36.6 DMA operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .320
36.7 Section filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322
Chapter 37 Programmable transport interface (PTI) registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

37.1 DMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .330
37.2 Input interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336
37.3 PTI configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .339
Confidential
37.4 Transport controller mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .342
Chapter 38 Transport stream merger and router . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

38.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .343
38.2 DVB common interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345
38.3 NRSS-A interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .345
38.4 Input examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .346
38.5 Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .349
38.6 Transport stream formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .350
38.7 Packet buffering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .352
38.8 Transport stream inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .352
38.9 Transport stream output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .354
Chapter 39 Transport stream merger and router registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
Part 6 Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
Chapter 40 Digital video port (DVP) input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

40.1 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .369
40.2 Video decoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .370

STx7100
40.3 Ancillary data decoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Chapter 41 Digital video port (DVP) registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
Chapter 42 MPEG2 video decoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386

42.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
42.2 Main functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
42.3 Buffer organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
42.4 Video decoding tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392
42.5 Video decoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394
42.6 Resets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
Chapter 43 MPEG2 video decoder registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
Chapter 44 H.264 video decoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

44.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
Confidential
44.2 Decoder main features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

44.3 H.264 decoder interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
44.4 Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
44.5 H.264 decoder reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
Chapter 45 Teletext DMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419

45.1 Teletext DMA overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
45.2 Teletext packet format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
45.3 Data transfer sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
45.4 Interrupt control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
45.5 DENC teletext registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
45.6 Teletext external interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
Chapter 46 Teletext DMA registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
Chapter 47 2D graphics processor (blitter) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424

47.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
47.2 Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
47.3 Functional block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
47.4 Endianness support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428

STx7100
47.5 Blitter functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .429

47.6 Using the 4:2:x macroblock-based plane as a source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .448
47.7 Blitter XYL mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .449
47.8 Local memory storage of supported graphics formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .454
Chapter 48 2D graphics processor registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461

48.1 Register map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .461
48.2 Register descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .463
48.3 Blitter 2D-filter coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .486
Chapter 49 Main and auxiliary displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489

49.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .489
49.2 Fully programmable horizontal sample rate converters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .489
49.3 Fully programmable vertical sample rate converters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .489
49.4 Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490
Confidential
49.5 Linear motion upconverter (LMU) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490

49.6 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .492
49.7 Soft reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .501
Chapter 50 Main and auxiliary display registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502

50.1 Main and auxiliary display registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .504
50.2 LMU registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .523
Chapter 51 Compositor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529

51.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .529
51.2 Compositor layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .530
51.3 Digital mixer 1 (MIX1) - main display output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .532
51.4 Digital mixer 2 (MIX2) - auxiliary display output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .533
51.5 Generic display pipelines (GDP1 and GDP2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .534
51.6 Cursor plane (CUR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .542
51.7 Video plug (VID) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .546
51.8 Alpha plane (ALP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .548
Chapter 52 Compositor registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550

52.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .550
52.2 Register map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .552

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52.3 Register descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
Chapter 53 Video output stage (VOS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583

53.1 Display and video output subsystem overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583
53.2 HD DACs clocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585
53.3 Video timing generators (VTG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587
53.4 RGB to YCrCb color space conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592
53.5 Digital video output formatter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593
53.6 Analog video output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593
53.7 Upsampler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601
Chapter 54 Video output stage (VOS) registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602

54.1 VTG 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605
54.2 VTG 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614
54.3 General VOS configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621
Confidential
54.4 Main video output configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623

54.5 Digital SD video out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629
54.6 HD DAC configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631
54.7 Upsampler tap coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631
54.8 Waveform generator configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638
Chapter 55 Digital encoder (DENC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639

55.1 Digital encoder overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639
55.2 Data input format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639
55.3 Video timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640
55.4 Reset procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642
55.5 Digital encoder synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643
55.6 Input demultiplexor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646
55.7 Subcarrier generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646
55.8 Burst insertion (PAL and NTSC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 647
55.9 Subcarrier insertion (SECAM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648
55.10 Luminance encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648
55.11 Chrominance encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650
55.12 Composite video signal generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652
55.13 RGB and UV encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653

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55.14 Closed captioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .654

55.15 CGMS encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655
55.16 WSS encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .655
55.17 VPS encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .656
55.18 Teletext encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .656
55.19 CVBS, S-VHS, RGB and UV outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .659
Chapter 56 Digital encoder (DENC) registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660

56.1 Configuration and status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .662
56.2 Digital frequency synthesizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .674
56.3 WSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .677
56.4 DAC inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .678
56.5 Hardware ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .680
56.6 VPS data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .681
56.7 CGMS data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .682
Confidential
56.8 Teletext . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .682

56.9 Closed caption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .686
56.10 Input demultiplexor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .689
56.11 Chroma coefficient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .690
56.12 Luma coefficient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .692
56.13 Hue control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .693
Chapter 57 High-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694

57.1 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .694
57.2 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .694
57.3 Video processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .696
57.4 Data processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .697
57.5 Frame formatting and line coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .702
57.6 HDCP interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .705
57.7 Hot plug detect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .706
57.8 Clocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .706
57.9 Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .706
57.10 Info frame programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .706
57.11 Data island definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .707

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Chapter 58 HDMI registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712
Part 7 Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725
Chapter 59 Audio subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726

59.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726
59.2 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726
59.3 Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727
59.4 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 728
59.5 Audio clocks generator (clock generator C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 728
59.6 Audio DAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729
59.7 Audio output configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729
59.8 Audio DAC and frequency synthesizer connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730
59.9 PCM player 0 and 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730
Confidential
59.10 S/PDIF player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 732

59.11 PCM reader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733
Chapter 60 Audio registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 734

60.1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 734
60.2 Audio configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737
60.3 PCM player 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743
60.4 PCM player 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 748
60.5 S/PDIF player . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 754
60.6 PCM reader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763
Part 8 Peripherals and interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768
Chapter 61 Asynchronous serial controller (ASC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769

61.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769
61.2 Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769
61.3 Data frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 770
61.4 Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 772
61.5 Reception . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773
61.6 Baudrate generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775

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61.7 Interrupt control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .777

61.8 Smartcard operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .780
Chapter 62 Asynchronous serial controller (ASC) registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 782
Chapter 63 Synchronous serial controller (SSC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791

63.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .791
63.2 Basic operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .792
63.3 I2C operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .801
Chapter 64 Synchronous serial controller (SSC) registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808
Chapter 65 CSS/CPxM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819
Chapter 66 Digital satellite equipment control (DiSEqC) 2.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 820

66.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .820
Confidential
66.2 DiSEqC transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .821

66.3 DiSEqC receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .822
66.4 Noise suppression filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .822
66.5 Programming the transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .823
66.6 Programming the receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .826
Chapter 67 DiSEqC registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831

67.1 Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .832
67.2 Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .841
Chapter 68 High-bandwidth digital content protection (HDCP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851

68.2 Software usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .853
Chapter 69 HDCP registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 856
Chapter 70 Infrared transmitter/receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861

70.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .861
70.3 Start code detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .864

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Chapter 71 Infrared transmitter/receiver registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 867

71.1 RC transmitter registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869
71.2 RC receiver registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873
71.3 Noise suppression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876
71.4 I/O control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877
71.5 Reverse polarity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877
71.6 Receive status and clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 878
71.7 IrDA Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880
71.8 SCD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 882
Chapter 72 Modem analog front-end (MAFE) interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887

72.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887
72.2 Using the MAFE to connect to a modem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887
72.3 Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 888
Confidential
Chapter 73 Modem analog front-end (MAFE) interface registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 889
Chapter 74 Direct access arrangement modem (DAA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893
Chapter 75 Programmable descrambler (PDES) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 894
Chapter 76 PWM and counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895

76.1 Programmable PWM function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895
76.2 Periodic interrupt generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 896
76.3 Capture and compare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 896
Chapter 77 PWM and counter registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897
Chapter 78 Serial ATA (SATA) host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903

78.1 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903
78.2 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903
78.3 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 904
78.4 DMA data transfers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905
78.5 SATA host controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905
78.6 Low power management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 906
78.7 Interrupt management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 906

STx7100
Chapter 79 Serial ATA (SATA) registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 907
Chapter 80 Smartcard interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 910

80.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .910
80.2 External interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .910
80.3 Smartcard clock generator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .911
80.4 Smartcard removal and power control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .912
Chapter 81 Smartcard interface registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913
Chapter 82 Test access port (TAP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 914
Chapter 83 USB 2.0 host (USBH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915

83.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .915
83.2 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .916
83.3 Bus topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .917
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83.4 Data transfers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .919
Chapter 84 USB 2.0 host (USBH) registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 920
Part 9 End notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 922
Chapter 85 Register index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 923
Chapter 86 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931
Chapter 87 Licenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932

STx7100
Part 1
Overview
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STx7100 1 Applications overview
1 Applications overview
The STx7100 is a new generation, high-definition set-top box decoder chip, and provides very high
performance for low-cost HD systems. With enhanced performances over the STi7710, it includes
an H.264/AVC decoder for new low-bitrate applications, as well as dual-decode MPEG-2 capability.
Based on the Omega2 (STBus) architecture, this system on chip is a full back-end processing
solution for digital terrestrial, satellite and cable high-definition set-top boxes compliant with ATSC,
DVB, DIRECTV, DCII, OpenCable and ARIB BS4 specifications.
The STx7100 demultiplexes, decrypts and decodes a single HD or SD video stream with associated
multichannel audio. Video is output to two independently formatted displays: a full resolution display
intended for a TV monitor, and a downsampled display intended for a VCR, or alternatively a
second SD TV. Connection to a TV or display panel can be via an analog component interface or a
copy protected DVI/HDMI interface. Composite outputs are provided for connection to the VCR with
Macrovision protection. Audio is output with optional PCM mixing to an S/PDIF interface, PCM
interface or via integrated stereo audio DACs.
Digitized analog programs can also be input to the STx7100 for reformatting and display.
The STx7100 includes a graphics rendering and display capability with a 2D graphics accelerator,
two graphics planes and a cursor plane. A dual display compositor provides mixing of graphics and
video with independent composition for each of the TV and VCR outputs.
The STx7100 includes a stream merger to allow three different transport streams from different
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sources to be merged and processed concurrently. Applications include DVR time shifted viewing of
a terrestrial program while acquiring an EPG/data stream from a satellite or cable front end.
The flexible descrambling engine is compatible with required standards including DVB, DES, AES
and Multi2.
The STx7100 embeds a 266 MHz ST40 CPU for applications and device control. A dual DDR1
SDRAM memory interface is used for higher performance, to allow the video decoder the required
memory bandwidth for HD H.264 decoding and sufficient bandwidth for the CPU and the rest of the
system. A second memory bus is also provided for flash memory storing resident software and for
connection of peripherals.
A hard-disk drive (HDD) can be connected either to the serial ATA interface or as an expansion
drive via the USB 2.0 port. The USB port can also be used to connect to a DOCSIS 2.0 CM gateway
for interactive cable applications.

1 Applications overview STx7100
The STx7100 is supported by STMicroelectronics’ STAPI software, and is compatible with several
other related devices such as the STi7109.
Figure 1: Low-cost satellite HD set-top box
2 x 128 Mbit IR Tx/Rx

2 x 128 Mbit
DDR1 DDR1
Transport
STV0299 stream in
RGB/YPbPr/
+STB6000 STx7100 HDMI
QPSK Rx
CVBS/YC
VCR
PTSN MAFE I/F
Smart Flash
cards
Figure 2: Low-cost cable HD set-top box with return channel

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CableCARD™
interface Flash
2 x 128 Mbit 2 x 128 Mbit
DDR1 DDR1
Tuner and
Broadcast
SAW filter
EMI
STV0294B
IB data/ Tuner and
OOB SAW filter
Cable
front end
QAM/QPSK
transceiver STx7100
RGB/YPbPr/
Diplex IR HDMI
filter
Tx/Rx
PGA
Upstream
CVBS/YC
RS232 VCR
Smart
cards

STx7100 1 Applications overview
Figure 3: Low-cost dual satellite and terrestrial HD set-top box with HDD
IR
Tx/Rx
Flash
2xDDR1
HDD
EMI SATA
STV0299
+STB6000
QPSK Rx STx7100
DVB-CI RGB/YPbPr/
HDMI
Tuner STV0370
RS232
8VSB Rx
USB 2.0
Smart HDD
cards
(expansion)
PSTN MAFE I/F
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Figure 4: Low-cost HD IP-TV set-top box with HDD
IR
Tx/Rx
Flash
2xDDR1
HDD
EMI SATA
Ethernet Ethernet STx7100

RJ45 controller
RGB/YPbPr/
HDMI
RS232
USB 2.0
Smart HDD
cards
(expansion)

2 Device variants STx7100
2 Device variants
The STx7100 is available in several variants, as described below.
Table 1:
Macro- AC3/
Type SATA V22 DES ICAM USB2 Market
vision Prologic
7100ZWB ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ Development version,
security disabled
7100JWB ✔ Nagra C+
7100KWB ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ Nagra Premier
7100TWB ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ Viaccess France

Telecom
7100IWB ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ TPS
Leaded or unleaded (Eco) packaging is also available; see Chapter 7: Package on page 73 for
details.
For STi7100 and STm7100, the leaded version of the package is marked by the suffix P on the
sales type.
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Example: STi7100ZWBP is a leaded package while STi7100ZWB is a lead-free package.

For STB7100, the lead-free version of the package is marked by the suffix L.
Example: STB7100ZWB is a leaded package while STB7100ZWBL is a lead-free package.
Finally, for parts supplied “Tape-and-Reel”, the suffix T is added.
Example: STm7100TBPT is a leaded package and is delivered in a tape-and-reel pack.

STx7100 3 Architecture
3 Architecture
3.1 Overview
The STx7100 is designed around the well-proven Omega2 (STBus) interconnect and presents a
new generation of video decoder for MPEG-4 AVC as well as MPEG-2 decoding.
Transport streams are received and processed by the TS subsystem. The resulting PES streams
and section data are stored in memory buffers in DDR SDRAM attached to the local memory
interfaces (system and video LMI).
A flexible DMA controller (FDMA) performs PES parsing and start code detection and routes
elementary streams to audio and video bit buffers in DDR SDRAM. An MP@HL/H.264 video
decoder decodes HD or SD video streams. Audio decoding and PCM mixing is performed by the
audio decoder and output via S/PDIF and PCM interfaces. Audio can also be output via an
integrated 24-bit stereo DACs system.
After video decoding, two independently formatted video displays (main and auxiliary) can be
generated, and each mixed independently with graphics to create main and auxiliary display
compositions. The main display composition (HD or SD) can be output as RGB or YPbPr analog
component video and digitally via a copy-protected DVI/HDMI interface. The auxiliary display
composition (SD only) can be output as Y/C analog component or composite video CVBS on a
separate interface for connection to a VCR or a second TV.
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A digital video input interface allows the STx7100 to receive noncompressed SD digital video,
and to output this via the main and auxiliary displays in place of decoded video. A separate PCM
input allows any associated audio to be received, mixed and output in place of decoded audio.
The graphics subsystem comprises a separate 2D blitter, two graphics planes, a cursor plane
and dual display compositor. Graphics buffers are created, stored in and displayed from buffers
in DDR SDRAM.
The STx7100 embeds an ST40 CPU core for applications and data processing and device
control. The CPU boots from flash/SFlash™ on the external memory interface (EMI) and can
execute in place or transfer the main executable to the DDR SDRAM and execute from there.
CPU data is held in DDR SDRAM where cacheable and noncacheable regions can be
programmed. The 16-bit EMI is also used for connecting to external peripherals.
System performance is enhanced with the multichannel FDMA which can be used for 2D block
and stream data transfers with minimal CPU intervention.
DVR applications are supported using a hard-disk drive (HDD) connected either to the serial ATA
or USB 2.0 interface.
The STx7100 also integrates a range of peripherals, system services and a clock generator
module with embedded VCXO to significantly reduce external component cost.
3.2 Omega2 (STBus) interconnect

The Omega2 multipath unified interconnect provides high on-chip bandwidth and low latency
accesses between modules. The interconnect operates hierarchically, with latency-critical
modules placed at the top level. The multipath router allows simultaneous access paths between
modules, and simultaneous read and write phases from different transactions to and from the
modules. Split transactions maximize the use of the available bandwidth.

3 Architecture STx7100
3.3 Processor cores

The STx7100 integrates one ST40 and two ST231 processor cores. The ST40 is used to control
most chip functions; the ST231 processors control audio and video/H.264 decoding; see
Section 3.15 and Section 3.7 respectively.
The 266 MHz ST40 processor core features a 32-bit superscalar RISC CPU and IEEE-754
compliant floating point unit (FPU). It includes 2-way associative caches, 16 Kbyte instruction
cache and 32 Kbyte data cache, as well as core support peripherals such as a real-time clock
and interrupt controller.
3.4 Dual local memory interface (LMI)

System LMI and video LMI are 32-bit, high-bandwidth memory interfaces that enable a unified
data memory architecture through the use of DDR SDRAM. Both can operate in a 32-bit or 16-bit
configuration and have a maximum operating frequency of 200 MHz.
Each LMI interface provides two chip-selects, to support up to two arrays of 1 x 32 devices or
2 x 16 devices. DDR devices of capacity 64, 128, 256, or 512 Mbits can be used, providing a
maximum capacity of 4 x 64 Mbytes. When the application includes an HD-MPEG4 decode or a
dual HD-MPEG2 decode that needs a high memory bandwidth, then two memory interfaces are
used. With this memory configuration, most of the video decoding processes use the video LMI
while the other processes of the application use the system LMI.
Accesses to DDR SDRAM go through a local look ahead buffer to enhance bandwidth utilization
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and to take advantage of pages that are already open, and to open pages in advance.
Optimizations also include opcode merging.
Table 2 shows the memory requirements for each type of application.
Table 2: DDR memory requirements for each type of application
Memory requirements (Mbytes)

Decode type
System LMI Video LMI
Single MPEG2 decode only 32 0
Dual MPEG2 decode only 32 32
H.264 decode only
H.264 and MP2 HD concurrent 64
3.5 External memory interface (EMI)

The EMI is a 16-bit general-purpose interface for attaching system flash or synchronous flash
devices and peripherals. Up to five separate banks are available, each capable of its own strobe
timing configuration, and each with its own chip select signal. One bank provides PC-card
compatible strobes for implementing a DVB-CI, ATAPI or CableCARD™ module interface.

3.6 Transport subsystem

The transport stream subsystem comprises the TS merger/router and a programmable transport
stream interface (PTI).
3.6.1 Transport stream input/output

Transport streams are input to the STx7100 via one of three interfaces. Two of these are parallel
inputs which can also be configured for serial input if required. The third is a bidirectional parallel
interface that can be configured as an input or output.
Figure 5: Transport-stream subsystem
NRSS-A interface (serial)
STBus
TSIN1
parallel or serial
PTI
TSIN2
parallel or serial
TS merger Alt out
TS I/O
serial/parallel in
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parallel out SWTS
A five-input, two-output transport stream merger/router allows any of the three external inputs to
be routed to the PTI. A fourth input is provided for routing internal transport streams stored in
memory to the PTI. A fifth input receives a full/partial transport stream created by the PTI and
can output it from the STx7100 via the bidirectional interface when configured as an output. This
allows TS streams to be sent to a D-VCR via an IEEE1394 link layer controller. Routing to the
two outputs can be concurrent.
An NRSS-A interface is available for routing serial TS streams to and from an NRSS-A
compatible CA module.
The stream merger/router is also capable of merging any three of the input streams into one TS
stream and forwarding this to the PTI allowing it to process three independently sourced
transport streams at the same time.
3.6.2 Programmable transport interface (PTI)

The PTI performs PID filtering, demultiplexing, descrambling, and data filtering on up to three
transport streams at the same time. The PTI extracts PCRs with time stamps and makes them
available to the CPU for clock recovery and audio/video synchronization. The PTI can only
extract one PCR at a time, and only one is available for clock recovery.
PES data is transferred by DMA to memory buffers. Section data is transferred by DMA to
separate buffers for further processing by the CPU. The PTI can also extract indexing information
and then transfer packets, using DMA, to an intermediate buffer for writing to HDD.
Transport streams supported include DIRECTV®, DVB, ATSC, OpenCable, DCII, and ARIB BS4.
The PTI performs PID filtering to select audio, video and data packets to be processed. Up to 96
PID slots are supported.

The PTI can descramble streams using the following ciphers:

● DES-ECB including DVS-042 termination block handling,
● DES-CBC including DVS-042 termination block handling,
● DES-OFB,
● Multi2-ECB including DVS-042 termination block handling,
● Multi2-CBC including DVS-042 termination block handling,
● Multi2-OFB,
● DVB-CSA,
● AES decryption/encryption with cipher block chaining,
● NDS specific streams can also be supported by the integration of ICAM functionality.
The PTI has a 48 x 16 byte section filter core.Three filtering modes are available:
● wide match mode: 48 x 16-byte filters,
● long match mode: 96 x 8-byte filters,
● positive/negative mode: 48 x 8-byte filters with positive/negative filtering at the bit level.
Matching sections are transferred to memory buffers for processing by software.

When the PTI is required to output a transport stream, it can output the entire transport stream or
selected packets filtered by PID. A latency counter is provided to ensure packet timing is
preserved. Packets can also be substituted.
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3.7 H.264/MPEG-2 video decoder

The STx7100's video decoder is a new generation decoder for either SD or HD streams; it is fully
compliant with H.264/AVC MP@L4 and [email protected] (main and high profile) video streams as well
as ISO/IEC13818-2 MP@ML and MP@HL formats.
The decoder uses a mixed hardware/firmware architecture with a hardwired datapath and a
400 MHz ST231 CPU core engine. It provides flexibility for firmware upgrades, error
concealment or trick modes. The core may be used for other coder/decoders at lower resolution
when the H.264 decoder is not running. The H.264/MPEG2 video decoder is capable of dual
MP@HL decoding.
A stream is decoded picture by picture from an elementary stream buffer. Decoding,
reconstruction and prediction buffers are set up by the host CPU. CPU control of bit buffer
pointers provides flexibility for trick modes and out of sequence decoding.
Semantic or syntax errors are detected by the decoder and failing macroblocks are replaced up
to the next slice or picture.
3.8 Digital video input

Digital SD video data can be input to the STx7100 via an 8-bit digital video input port.
The 8-bit mode is intended for inputting SD video data conforming to ITU-R BT656 with
embedded syncs or ITU-R BT601 with external syncs. In ITU-R BT656 mode, ancillary data
embedded in the stream can be extracted to a separate buffer.

3.9 Video display processors

The STx7100 displays video using a main and auxiliary display processors (Figure 6).
Figure 6: Display, composition and output
Alpha plane Alpha

plane
Cursor BCK
Cursor
DVI-HDCP
Graphics 1 HDMI
GDP1 Main
display
Main composition Main
video display VID1 Mixer 1 output stage Main analog
processor
outputs
GDP2
Graphics 2 YPbPr or RGB
GDP2 can be assigned to Mixer 1 or Mixer 2
Auxiliary
Graphics 2
display Auxiliary analog
GDP2
composition Auxiliary outputs
Mixer 2 output stage
Auxiliary
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YPbPr or YC,
video display VID2 CVBS
processor
STBus
The video may have been decoded and reconstructed by the H.264/MPEG2 decoder or acquired
via the digital video interface.
The same video or two different videos are displayed via the main and auxiliary displays, but
each may be set up to format the video differently, and display with different timing. Separate
video timing generators (VTGs) are provided to support this.
The display processors are used to present the video from the display buffers and adapt the
decoded video format to a format suitable for display taking into account differences in scanning
method, resolution, aspect ratio and scanning frequency.
The main-display processor receives decoded or acquired video from memory and performs
block-to-line conversion, pan and scan, and vertical and horizontal format conversion. There is
also a linear median upconverter (LMU) to perform interlace-to-progressive conversion on
standard definition (SD) pictures using motion estimation.
The auxiliary-display processor receives decoded or acquired (and possibly decimated) video
and performs pan and scan, vertical format conversion, horizontal format conversion. The output
size is limited to an SD format on the auxiliary-display processor, and is intended to output video
for VCR recording.

3.10 Graphics display
3.10.1 Graphics layers

The STx7100 has two independent and identical graphics layers known as generic display
pipelines (GDPs) (see Figure 6). Each GDP receives pixel data from memory and features the
following:
● link-list-based display engine, for multiple viewport capabilities,
● support for ARGBargb formats, including ARGB1555, ARGB4444, RGB565, RGB888,

ARGB8565, ARGB8888,
● support for YCbCr4:2:2R, YCbCr888 formats,
● support for premultiplied or non premultiplied RGB components,
● color space conversion matrix, (YCbCr 601/709, chroma signed/unsigned to RGB),
● gain and offset adjustment,
● per-pixel alpha channel combined with per-viewport global alpha,
● 5-tap horizontal sample rate converter, for horizontal upsampling. The resolution is 1/8th
pixel (polyphase filter with 8 subpositions),
● color keying capability.
3.10.2 Cursor layer

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The cursor is defined as a 128 x 128 pixel area held in local memory, in ACLUT8 format. Each
cursor entry is a 16-bit ARGB4444 color + alpha value. The alpha factor of 4 bits handles an
antialiased cursor pattern on top of the composed output picture. The cursor-plane features are
as follows:
● ACLUT8 format, with ARGB4444 CLUT entries. 256 colors can be simultaneously displayed
for the cursor pattern, among 4096 colors associated with a 16-level translucency channel.
● Size is programmable up to 128 x 128.
● Hardware rectangular clipping window, out of which the cursor is never displayed (per-pixel
clipping, so only part of the cursor can be out of this window, and consequently transparent).
● Current bitmap is specified using a pointer register to an external memory location, making
cursor animation very easy.
● Programmable pitch, so that all cursor patterns can be stored in a single global bitmap.
3.11 Display compositor

The graphic compositor consists of a 5-layer digital mixer (Mix1) intended for the main TV display
(Figure 7) and a 2 layer digital mixer (Mix2) intended as an auxiliary display for applications
including connection to a VCR (Figure 8).
Each mixer alpha blends graphics and video layers on a pixel by pixel basis based on alpha
component values provided by each layer.
The Mix1 display planes are as follows:
● a background color (RGB888 format, programmable through the registers),
● the two graphics layers GDP1 and GDP2,
● the main video display,
● the cursor plane.

Figure 7: Gamma Mix1 planes
Background color GDP1, GDP2 and main video

GDP1 graphics ordering is interchangeable
Main video
GDP2 graphics
cursor
75:45
75:45
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The Mix2 display planes are as follows:

● the auxiliary video display,
● the graphics layer GDP2.
Figure 8: Gamma Mix2 planes
Auxiliary video
75:45
GDP2 graphics

3.12 Main display output stage

The display composition from Mix1 can be output on any of the main display output interfaces
(Figure 6). These are:
● the main analog output,
● the DVI/HDMI output.
The main analog output interface supports YPbPr or RGB analog output with or without
embedded syncs. High current HD DACs are used to minimize external component count.
Programming flexibility is provided to support different display timings and resolutions. These
include support for SMPTE and ARIB SD and HD formats (480i, 480p, 720p, 1080i) and panel
displays with a pixel clock up to 74.25 MHz. Timings and levels can be programmed to comply
with EIA770.x (x = 1, 2, 3) requirements.
The main analog output can also have Macrovision™ encoding for 480i/480p and 576i/576p and
CGMS encoding.
The HDMI output provides DVI-HDCP or HDMI compliant copy protected digital output of the
main display composition.
3.13 Auxiliary display output stage

The display composition from Mix2 is output on the auxiliary display output interface (Figure 6).
This interface contains a digital encoder that encodes the output from the auxiliary mixer into
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standard analog baseband PAL/NTSC signals (Y, C, CVBS).

The digital encoder performs closed-caption, CGMS, WSS, teletext and VPS encoding and
allows Macrovision 7.01/ 6.1 copy protection.
An integrated tri-DAC provides three analog TV outputs (S-VHS(Y/C) + CVBS).
3.14 Gamma 2D blitter

The Gamma 2D graphics processor (also called the blitter engine) is a CPU-independent engine
for graphics picture processing. It functions as a dual-source 2D DMA, with a set of powerful
operators.
The 2D graphics processor receives data from the local memory through two input sources,
source 1 and source 2. Source 1 is used for frequent operations such as color-fill or simple
source-copy; it has a 64-bit wide internal bus and performs according to the pixel format. All
operators always apply to source 2. The processing pipeline bus is always a pixel bus
(ARGB8888 format) whatever the format of the source inputs. Sources 1 and 2 are used
simultaneously for read/modify/write operations.
The 2D graphics processor is software controlled by a link-list mechanism. Each node of the link
list is an instruction that contains all the necessary information to proceed.
The blitter’s features are as follows:
● solid color fill of rectangular window,
● solid color shade (fill + alpha blending),
● one source copy, with one or several operators enabled (color format conversion, 2D-
scaling),
● two-source copy with alpha blending or logical operation between them,
● 4:2:2 raster/macroblock and 4:2:0 macroblock as source formats, 4:2:2 raster as a

destination format,
● color space conversion RGB to/from YCbCr,

● color expansion (CLUT to true color),

● color correction (gamma, contrast, gain),
● color reduction (true color to ACLUTn) using an error diffusion algorithm,
● 2D resize engine with high-quality filtering,
● adaptive flicker filter from memory to memory,
● color keying capability,
● rectangular clipping,
● programmable source/target scanning direction, both horizontally and vertically, in order to
cope correctly with overlapping source and destination area,
● 1-bit/8-bit clipmask bitmap for random shape clipping can be achieved in two passes,
● plane mask feature available,
● special XYLC access mode, for speeding random pixel access, or horizontal line drawing
(polygon filling, run-length decoder accelerator...).
Source and destination windows can all be defined using an XY descriptor, with pixel accuracy
whatever the format, from 1 to 32 bpp. Most of these operators can be combined in a single
blitter pass: For instance, take a YCbCr 4:2:2 bitmap, convert it to 4:4:4 RGB, resize it and finally
blend it on an RGB565 background picture.
3.15 Audio subsystem

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Audio decoding
The STx7100 audio subsystem integrates a 400 MHz ST231 CPU core to decode multi-channel
compressed audio streams which have been stored in a memory buffer. Once decoded, the
audio decoded stream is stored in a separate memory buffer. The audio subsystem also
integrates two PCM players and one S/PDIF player which read the decoded data from memory
and outputs them to a stereo DAC, a multi-channel PCM output (10 channels) and an S/PDIF
output.
The audio stream (encoded or decoded) can be received either from an external source via the
PCM input interface or by an internal source such as the transport subsystem via the memory.
The audio decoder may have to decode simultaneously two different encoded audio streams
when an audio description channel is provided or when a dual MPEG decode is performed.
PCM mixing
The decoded audio stream can be mixed with a PCM file stored in memory following an optional
sample rate conversion to adapt the sampling rate. The PCM mixing is fully implemented in the
firmware running on the ST231 CPU core integrated in the audio subsystem.
PCM output
A multi-channel decoded PCM stream can be downmixed to generate a 2-channels PCM stream
and optionally mixed with a PCM file. The downmixed stream can be then played through a
stereo 24-bits DAC. A multi-channel (10 channels) digital PCM output and a digital S/PDIF output
are available and can be used independently. The audio DAC, PCM and S/PDIF outputs are
independent and have their own audio clock generator.
S/PDIF output
Compressed audio data can also be delivered on the S/PDIF output to be decoded by an
external decoder/amplifier.

PCM input
The STx7100 audio subsystem provides a PCM reader to capture an external PCM stream. The
stream is then stored in memory.
Features
The audio decoder features are as follows:
● compatible with all popular audio standards,
● PCM mixing with internal or external source with sample rate conversion,
● encoded (IEC 61937) or decoded (IEC 60958) digital audio on S/PDIF output,
● 6-to-2 channel downmixing,
● PCM audio input (I2S format),

● multi-channel PCM digital output (10 channels),
● stereo analog output,
● 2-channel description channel decoding,
● postprocessing (channel virtualization).
During the audio decoding process, the host CPU and the FDMA are required.
As the audio decoder is a frame decoder, the host CPU (ST40) controls the ST231 audio
processor core frame by frame. A mailbox is used for the communication between the two
processors.
The FDMA is required to transfer the data from the memory to the DAC, PCM and S/PDIF
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players. It is also required to transfer the data from the PCM reader to the memory.

Figure 9: Audio subsystem diagram
System interconnect
Audio subsystem IRQ FIFO

32 PCM input from pad
PCM
reader (SCLK, LRCLK,
DMA req SDATA)
64 Audio
freq
Audio synth 2
processor
64
IRQ
ST231 IRQ
S/PDIF
FIFO
32 S/PDIF to pad
Memory player output
DMA req
Mailbox
ES audio data
IRQ
FIFO
32 PCM
IRQ
ST40 player 1
PCM audio data
DMA req
Audio
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32 Stereo Analog
SPDIF audio data
config DAC to pad
LMI registers left/right
output
Audio
DMA freq
circular
reqs synth 1
or linear
bit-buffer
DMA req
FDMA FIFO
PCM output to pad
PCM
32 player 0 (SCLK, LRCLK,
IRQ SDATA)
256xFs
Audio (oversampling
freq clock)
synth 0

3.16 FDMA controller

The STx7100 has a multichannel, burst-capable direct memory access controller that supports
the following:
● fast 2D unaligned memory to memory transfers of graphics and stills,
● real-time stream transfers to and from memory with or without pacing1,

● two external pacing signals for paced transfers to and from external peripherals.
3.17 Interfaces
3.17.1 USB
The STx7100 has an integrated USB host controller with one host port. The USB host interface
is compliant with USB rev 2.0 and OHCI/EHCI rev 1.0. This allows the STx7100 to be connected
to peripherals such as a hard-disk drive, printer, keyboard, or digital camera. All speeds up to
480 Mbit/s are supported.
3.17.2 Modem
Standard solutions are available for V22bis software modems and V34/V90 controllerless
modems ported to the STx7100 architecture.
An interface to the SiLabs DAA is integrated, allowing a 2-wire capacitively coupled connection to
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the line-side device (no transformer required).

A modem analog front-end (MAFE) interface allows direct connection to an external codec to
support this software modem capability. The MAFE interface has its own two-channel DMA
controller for sample transfers to and from buffers.
3.17.3 Serial ATA

The STx7100 has an integrated serial ATA controller compliant with V1.0 specifications. All
speeds up to 1.5 Gbit/s are supported.
3.17.4 Internal peripherals

The STx7100 has many dedicated internal peripherals for digital TV receiver applications,
including:
● two smartcard controllers,
● four ASCs (UARTs), two of which are generally used by the smartcard controllers,
● teletext serializer and DMA,
● three SSCs for I²C/SPI master/slave interfaces,
● six GPIO ports (3.3 V tolerant),
● a four channel PWM module with two PWM outputs, two capture inputs and two compare
inputs,
● a multi-channel, infrared blaster/decoder interface module,
● an interrupt level controller with four external interrupt inputs (3.3 V tolerant),
● a DiSEqC 2.0 compatible controller interface,
● a serial communications interface (SCI).
1. These channels are suitable for transfers with internal or external peripherals and for
audio and video stream transfers within the STx7100.

3.17.5 Smartcard interfaces

Both STx7100 smartcard interfaces are ISO7816, EMV2000 and NDS compliant with the
addition of a simple external power switch.
A programmable hardware power control feature allows the power control signal to be switched
when the card’s insertion or removal is detected.
3.18 Clock generation

The STx7100 uses two PLLs and two frequency synthesizer banks to generate all the required
clocks except for audio. Low jitter PCM audio clocks are generated by three additional frequency
synthesizers as described in Section 3.15. VCXO functionality is provided internally by the use of
digitally controllable frequency synthesizers and an integrated clock recovery module.
3.19 System services

The STx7100 supports a number of on chip system service functions including:
● reset control,
● watchdog control and reset out,
● low-power control with wake up from internal timer or external interrupt or IR receiver,
● real-time clock,
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● JTAG boundary scan,
● diagnostic control and support for the ST40 and ST231 toolsets.

4 CPUs STx7100
4 CPUs
See also Chapter 21: Boot modes on page 193.
4.1 ST40
The STx7100 uses a 400 MHz ST40 as host CPU. This controls the rest of the chip, including the
two ST231 CPUs.
The ST40 core and its instruction set are documented in the document SH-4 [ST40] Core
Architecture (ADCS 7182230).
4.2 ST231 CPU

The STx7100 uses two ST231 cores, both running at 400 MHz, to perform audio and H.264
video decoding respectively. These are referred to in this datasheet as the audio ST231 and the
Delta (H.264 video) ST231.
The ST231 core is documented in the ST231 Core and Instruction Set Architecture Manual
(ADCS 7645929).
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STx7100 5 Memory map
5 Memory map
5.1 Memory map

Figure 10 summarizes the memory maps of the ST40 and ST231 cores.
Note: The two ST231 cores and the internal initiators have the same memory map.
Accesses in the reserved area have no effect.
● The EMI space starts at base address 0x0000 and occupies 64 Mbytes
● The LMI_SYS memory space starts at base address 0x0400 0000 (64 Mbytes) and
occupies 176 Mbytes. The LMI_SYS configuration registers are located at address
0x0F00 0000 and occupy 16 Mbytes.
● The LMI_VID memory space starts at base address 0x1000 0000 (256 Mbytes) and
occupies 112 Mbytes. The LMI_SYS configuration registers are located at address
0x1700 0000 and occupy 16 Mbytes.
Figure 10: ST40 and ST231 memory and peripherals maps
ST40 CPU core ST231 CPU cores

0x0000 0000 0 Mb 0 Mb
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64 M EMI EMI
0x0400 0000 64 Mb 64 Mb
176 M SYS LMI SYS LMI
0x0F00 0000 240 Mb 240 Mb

16 M SYS LMI control regs SYS LMI control regs
0x1000 0000 256 Mb 256 Mb
112 M
VIDEO LMI VIDEO LMI
0x1700 0000 368 Mb 368 Mb

16 M VID LMI control regs VID LMI control regs
0x1800 0000 384 Mb 384 Mb
7100 on-chip
Peripherals 7100 on-chip
64 M Peripherals
(Area 6)
0x1C00 0000 448 Mb 448 Mb
ST40 core
64 M Peripherals
0x1FFF FFFF (Area 7) 512 Mb
Reserved
4 Gb

5 Memory map STx7100
5.2 Internal peripherals map

Table 3 shows the base address of the internal peripherals.
Table 3: Internal peripherals base addresses
Address Range Size

Peripheral
Start End (bytes)
0x1800 0000 0x180F FFFF 1M COMMs configuration registers

0x1810 0000 0x1810 0FFF 4k CSS/CPxM port and configuration registers
0x1810 1000 0x1810 1FFF 4k PCM Players port and configuration registers
PCM player 0 offset: 0x000
PCM player 1 offset: 0x800
0x1810 2000 0x1810 2FFF 4k PCM Reader port and configuration registers
0x1810 3000 0x1810 3FFF 4k S/PDIF Player port and configuration registers
S/PDIF player offset: 0x000
HDMI I2S to S/PDIF player offset: 0x800
0x1810 4000 0x18FF FFFF ~15 M (-16 k) Reserved
0x1900 0000 0x1900 0FFF 4k Clock generator B configuration registers
0x1900 1000 0x1900 1FFF 4k System configuration registers
0x1900 2000 0x1900 2FFF 4k HD display configuration registers
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0x1900 3000 0x1900 3FFF 4k SD display configuration registers

0x1900 4000 0x1900 4FFF 4k LMU configuration registers
0x1900 5000 0x1900 5FFF 4k VOS configuration registers
DVO,VTG0, VTG1, upsampler offset: 0x000
HDMI offset: 0x800
HDCP offset: 0x400
0x1900 6000 0x1900 FFFF 40 k Reserved
0x1910 0000 0x191F FFFF 1M USB configuration registers
0x1920 0000 0x1920 8FFF 36 k Reserved
0x1920 9000 0x1920 9FFF 4k SATA configuration registers
0x1920 A000 0x1920 AFFF 4k Compositor configuration registers
0x1920 B000 0x1920 BFFF 4k Blitter configuration registers
0x1920 C000 0x1920 CFFF 4k DENC configuration registers
0x1920 D000 0x1920 FFFF 12 k Reserved
0x1921 0000 0x1921 0FFF 4k Audio configuration and Clock generator C
configuration registers
0x1921 1000 0x1921 1FFF 4k Mailbox 0 (Delta/video/H.264 decoder)
configuration registers
0x1921 2000 0x1921 2FFF 4k Mailbox 1 (audio) configuration registers
0x1921 3000 0x1921 3FFF 4k Clock generator A configuration registers
0x1921 4000 0x1921 4FFF 4k H.264 video decoder configuration registers
0x1921 5000 0x1921 FFFF 44 k Reserved
0x1922 0000 0x1922 FFFF 64 k FDMA configuration registers
0x1923 0000 0x1923 FFFF 64 k PTI configuration registers
0x1924 0000 0x1924 0FFF 4k MPEG-2 video decoder configuration registers
0x1924 1000 0x19241FFF 4k DVP configuration registers
0x1924 2000 0x1924 2FFF 4k TS merger configuration registers

Table 3: Internal peripherals base addresses
Address Range Size

Peripheral
Start End (bytes)
0x1924 3000 0x1924 31FF 512 Reserved

0x1924 4200 0x1924 FFFF ~52 k
0x1925 0000 0x19FF FFFF ~14 M Reserved
0x1A00 0000 0x1A0F FFFF 1M ST231 Delta peripherals
0x1A10 0000 0x1A1F FFFF 1M EMI configuration registers
0x1A20 0000 0x1A2F FFFF 1M ST231 audio peripherals
0x1A30 0000 0x1A30 0FFF 4k TS merger SWTS registers and FIFO
0x1a30 1000 0x1BFF FFFF 29 M Reserved
0x1C00 0000 0x1FFF FFFF 64 M ST40 Core peripherals
5.3 Memory management and organization
5.3.1 Memory access

All initiators connected to the system interconnect have access to the memory (EMI and LMI). The
CPUs (ST40 and ST231) may use an address translation mechanism (MMU) while the address
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generated by the other initiators are never translated.
5.3.2 ST40 CPU memory management

The ST40 core supports a 29-bit external address space and a 32-bit physical address space. The
ST40 also supports an address translation mechanism which translates a virtual address into a
physical address using the memory-management unit (MMU), integrated in the ST40 CPU core.
When virtual addressing is used by the ST40 CPU core, the system peripherals external to the CPU
access the 32-bit physical memory space using a 32-bit address in which the most significant three
bits are set to zero.
The ST40 CPU has two processor modes: user and privileged. The user mode is for normal
operations. The CPU switches to privileged mode when an exception or an interrupt occurs.
5.3.3 Physical address space

When the MMU is disabled, the physical address space (address space accessed by the program)
is divided into five regions (P0...P4) using the top three bits of the physical address, as described

in Figure 11. These regions principally differ in whether accesses made to them are cacheable or
not. The P4 region is exclusively used to access the ST40 core internal devices.
Figure 11: ST40 CPU physical address space (MMU disabled)
Privileged external User

mode memory space mode
29-bit
0x0000 0000 0x0000 0000
Area 0
P0 Area 1
Area 2
512 Mb
Cacheable Area 3 64 Mb each
U0
2 Gb Area 4 2 Gb
Area 5 Cacheable
Area 6
Address translation
Area 7
addr[29-31]=0xx
0x8000 0000 0x8000 0000
P1
512 Mb Cacheable
addr[29-31]=100
0xA000 0000
P2
Address error
512 Mb Non-Cacheable
addr[29-31]=101
0xC000 0000
P3
512 Mb
Cacheable
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addr[29-31]=110
0xE000 0000 Store queue 0xE000 0000
P4 0xE400 0000
512 Mb
Non-Cacheable
Address error
0xFFFF FFFF addr[29-31]=111 0xFFFF FFFF
The ST40 includes two 32-byte store queues to perform high-speed writes to external memory.

5.3.3.1 External memory space

The external memory space (29-bit), is divided into 8 areas shown in Figure 12. Areas 0 to 6 relate
to memory/peripherals. Area 7 is a reserved area which maps ST40 core component registers and
is only accessed via the P4 region (some parts of area 7 can be accessed only in privileged mode).
Figure 12: ST40 CPU External memory space
external memory space

29-bit
0x0000 0000
Area 0 64 Mbyte each
0x0400 0000
Area 1
0x0800 0000
Area 2
0x0C00 0000
Area 3
0x1000 0000
512 Mbyte
Area 4
0x1400 0000
Area 5
0x1800 0000
Area 6
0x1C00 0000
Area 7
0x1FFF FFFF (reserved area)
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P0, P1, P3, U0 Regions: The P0, P1, P3 and U0 regions can be accessed using the cache when it
is enabled. Zeroing the top three bits of an address in these regions gives the corresponding
external memory space address.
P2 Region: The P2 region cannot be accessed using the cache. In the P2 region, zeroing the upper
3 bits of an address gives the corresponding external memory space address.
P4 Region: The P4 region is mapped onto ST40 core I/O channels. This region cannot be
accessed using the cache.
5.3.3.2 Virtual address space

When the MMU is enabled, the regions U0, P0 and P3 can be mapped onto any external memory
space in 1-, 4-, or 64-Kbyte, or 1-Mbyte, page units. Mapping from virtual address space to 29-bits
external memory space is carried out using the TLB (Translation Look-aside Buffer).
P0, P3, U0 Regions: The P0, P3, and U0 regions allow access using the cache, and address
translation using the TLB. These regions can be mapped onto any external memory space in 1-, 4-
or 64-Kbyte, or 1-Mbyte page units.
P1, P2, P4 Region: Address translation using the TLB cannot be performed for the P1, P2, or P4
regions. Accesses to these regions are the same as for physical address space.

The ST40 virtual address space is illustrated in Figure 13.
Figure 13: ST40 CPU virtual memory space
privileged external user

mode memory space mode
29-bit
Area 0
Area 1
Area 2 U0
P0 Area 3
Area 4
64 Mb each
Cacheable Cacheable
Area 5
Address translation Area 6 Address translation
Area 7
P1
Cacheable
No address translation
P2
NonCacheable Address error
P3
Cacheable
Address translation
store queue
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P4
Noncacheable Address error
5.3.3.3 On-chip RAM space

Inside the ST40 core, half of the (16 kBytes) operand cache can be used as an on-chip RAM. It is
not possible to execute instructions out of this on-chip RAM.
5.3.3.4 Cache coherency

The ST40 include an on-chip 16-Kbyte instruction cache for instructions and a 32-Kbyte operand
cache for data. Both caches are 2-way set associative with a 32-bytes cache line. The instruction
cache has 256 entries and the operand cache has 512 entries.
The caches can be used with copy-back or write-through mode. When in copy-back mode, a “dirty”
bit set to 1 indicates a mismatch between the data in the cache-line and the external memory. The
dirty bit is never set while the cache is being used in write-through mode.
5.3.3.5 ST40 peripherals and memory map

The STx7100 memory space is populated with non-volatile memories, external peripherals (EMI) at
base address 0 (ST40 boots at address 0) and with DDR1-SDRAM devices (LMI) at base-address
0x0400 0000 (64 Mbytes)

The STx7100 on-chip peripherals are mapped in area 6 of the ST40.
Figure 14: STx7100 ST40 memory and peripherals map
0x0000 0000 0 Mb 0x1800 0000 384 Mb

64 M On-chip
EMI peripherals
0x0400 0000 64 Mb
Reserved
176 M LMI_SYS
0x1BFF FFFF 448 Mb
0x0F00 0000 240 Mb

16 M LMI_SYS control regs
0x1000 0000 256 Mb
112 M
LMI_VID
0x1700 0000 368 Mb

16 M
LMI_VID control regs 384 Mb 0x1C00 0000
0x1800 0000
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64 M Area 6 Reserved
0x1C00 0000 448 Mb

64 M 0x1F00 0000 496 Mb
Area 7 ST40 core
0x1FFF FFFF 512 Mb 0x1FFF FFFF peripherals 512 Mb
5.3.4 ST231 CPU memory management

The ST231 core supports a 32-bit external address space and a 32-bit physical address space. The
ST231 core also supports an address translation mechanism which translates a virtual address into
a physical address using its memory-management unit (MMU) and its integrated TLBs. The ST231
has a small TLB (ITLB, 4 entries) for translating instruction addresses, a small TLB (DTLB, 8
entries) for translating operand addresses and a larger unified TLB (UTLB, 64 entries). The ITLB
and DTLB act as a cache for instruction and address translations stored in the UTLB. When the
ITLB and DTLB misses, they automatically update from the UTLB.
When the two ST231 cores are used for audio decoding and H.264/AVC decoding, the address
translation mechanism is not used.
5.3.4.1 Physical address space

The ST231 TLB supports up to 32-bits (4 Gbytes) of address space. The interconnect address
decoding restricts the ST231 peripherals and memory map to a subset of that 4 Gbytes space. The
ST231 memory map is described in Figure 15.

5.3.4.2 ST231 peripherals and memory map

Figure 15 shows the ST231 memory and peripherals map
Figure 15: STx7100 ST231 memory and peripherals map
0x0000 0000 0 Mb
64 M EMI
0x0400 0000 64 Mb
176 M LMI_SYS
0x0F00 0000 240 Mb

16 M LMI_SYS control regs
0x1000 0000 256 Mb
112 M
LMI_VID
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0x1700 0000 368 Mb

16 M LMI_VID control regs
0x1800 0000 384 Mb
64 M On-chip
Peripherals
0x1C00 0000 448 Mb

64 M
Reserved
0xFFFF FFFF 4 Gb
5.3.4.3 Virtual address space

The virtual addresses are 32-bit. The TLB performs the mapping from virtual to physical address
using one of the following page sizes: 8 Kbyte, 4 Mbyte or 256 Mbyte.
Control register addresses are not translated.
5.3.4.4 Instruction and data cache

The ST231 includes an instruction cache and a data cache.
Instruction buffer
The instruction buffer attempts to fetch ahead in the instruction stream to keep its buffer full. When
a branch is taken the instruction buffer is invalidated.
Instruction cache
Instructions are always cached. There is no support for uncached instruction fetching. The cache
receives fetch requests from the instruction buffer and returns a group of up to four 32-bit
instructions.
The instruction cache is a 32 Kbytes direct-mapped cache with 512 x 64-byte lines.
The virtual address bits [14-6] are used to index the instruction cache RAMs.

The virtual address bits [31-13] are sent to the ITLB for translation. The translated physical address
bits [31-13] from the ITLB is then compared with the instruction cache tag.
The virtual address bits [5-0] are used to select the correct bytes from the cache line.
Data cache
The data cache sends write miss and dirty lines to the write buffer.
The data cache is a 32 Kbytes four-way set associative cache built around a 4 x 256 x 32-byte line.
The virtual address bits [12-5] are used to index the data cache RAMs.
The virtual address bits [31-13] are sent to the DTLB for translation. The translated physical
address bits [31-13] from the DTLB is then compared with the data cache tag.
The virtual address bits [4-0] are used to select the correct bytes from the cache line.
The data cache can be partitioned into:
● a 24 Kbytes three-way cache plus an 8 Kbytes data RAM,
● a 16 Kbytes two-way cache plus a 16 Kbytes data RAM,
● an 8 Kbytes direct-mapped cache plus a 24 Kbytes data RAM,
● a 24 Kbytes three-way cache plus a separate 8 Kbytes direct-mapped cache,
● a 16 Kbytes two-way cache plus two separate 8 Kbytes direct-mapped cache
● four 8 Kbytes direct-map caches.
Write buffer
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The write buffer combines write transactions and sends them out to memory.
5.4 Memory space access per initiator

All the initiators are able to access the LMI SYS memory space but not all the initiators are able to
access the LMI VID memory space.
This is described in Table 4 below.
Table 4: Memory space access per Initiator
Memory port Accessible by Comment
LMI video high-priority port ST40 All CPUs have access to the LMI high priority
Audio-ST231 port.
Delta-ST231
LMI system high-priority port ST40 All CPUs have access to the LMI high priority
Audio-ST231 port.
Delta-ST231
LMI video low-priority port ST40

Audio-ST231
Delta-ST231
HD Display
Delta HW accelerators
MPEG-2 video decoder
FDMA HP port
Blitter
LMI system low-priority port All All initiators have accessed to this port
EMI port All but the SD Display All initiators have accessed to this port except
the SD Display.

6 System configuration registers STx7100
6 System configuration registers
6.1 Overview
The system configuration unit includes a number of configuration and status registers.
The status registers report the state of the following blocks:
● device identifier,
● USB and SATA,
● mode pins captured values,
● system and video LMI Padlogic.
The configuration registers allow the setup of the following blocks:

● transport subsystem,
● NRSSA,
● USB,
● EMI bridge,
● TMC,
● SATA,
● comms,
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● ST40 boot,
● reset generator,
● interrupt pads direction,
● video and system LMI padlogic,
● audio ST231 boot and reset,
● Delta (H.264) ST231 boot and reset,
● SATA and USB software JTAG,
● INTC2 interrupt controller.

STx7100 6 System configuration registers
6.2 Summary
Register addresses are provided as SysConfigBaseAddress + offset.
The SysConfigBaseAddress is:
0x1900 1000
Table 5: System configuration registers summary
Name Function Offset Type

DEVICE_ID Device identifier 0x000 RO
EXTRA_DEVICE_ID Extra device identifier 0x004
Status
SYS_STA0 USB2 / SATA status 0x008 RO
SYS_STA1 Mode pin status captured during power-on-reset 0x00C
SYS_STA2 - 11 Reserved 0x010 - 0x034
SYS_STA12 LMI padlogic (System) status 0x038
SYS_STA13 LMI padlogic (Video) status 0x03C
SYS_STA14 Reserved 0x040
Configuration
SYS_CFG0 Transport configuration 0x100 R/W
SYS_CFG1 NRSSA configuration 0x104
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SYS_CFG2 USB configuration 0x108

SYS_CFG3 Video DACs & HDMI configuration 0x10C
SYS_CFG4 EMI bridge configuration 0x110 Mixed
SYS_CFG5 Reserved 0x114 -
SYS_CFG6 SATA configuration 0x118 R/W
SYS_CFG7 COMMs configuration 0x11C
SYS_CFG8 ST40 boot control 0x120
SYS_CFG9 Reset generator, EMI configuration 0x124
SYS_CFG10 SYSITRQ pads configuration 0x128
SYS_CFG11 LMI (Video and system) general configuration 0x12C
SYS_CFG12 System LMI padlogic configuration 0x130
SYS_CFG13 Video LMI padlogic configuration 0x134
SYS_CFG14 System LMI padlogic DLL1 control 0x138
SYS_CFG15 System LMI padlogic DLL2 control 0x13C
SYS_CFG17 0x144
SYS_CFG18 0x148
SYS_CFG19 0x14C
SYS_CFG20 Video LMI padlogic DLL1 control 0x150 R/W
SYS_CFG21 Video LMI padlogic DLL2 control 0x154
SYS_CFG23 0x15C
SYS_CFG24 0x160
SYS_CFG25 0x164
SYS_CFG26 Audio ST231 boot control 0x168 R/W

Table 5: System configuration registers summary

SYS_CFG27 Audio ST231 reset control 0x16C R/W
SYS_CFG28 Delta ST231 boot control 0x170
SYS_CFG29 Delta ST231 reset control 0x174
SYS_CFG31 0x17C
SYS_CFG32 0x180
SYS_CFG33 USB and SATA software JTAG configuration 0x184 R/W
SYS_CFG35 0x18C
SYS_CFG36 0x190
SYS_CFG37 0x194
SYS_CFG38 0x198
SYS_CFG39 0x19C
6.3 Device identity

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DEVICE_ID JTAG device ID
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
VERSION GROUP_ID DEVICE_ID MANUFACTURER_ID JB
Address: SysConfigBaseAddress + 0x000

Type: RO
Reset: 0x0D42 4041
Description:
[31:28] VERSION: 0000
[27:22] GROUP_ID: 11 0101
[21:12] DEVICE_ID: 00 0010 0100
[11:1] MANUFACTURER_ID: 000 0010 0000
[0] JB: JTAG bit: 1
EXTRA_DEVICE_ID Extra device ID
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CHIP_ID

Type: RO
Reset:
Description:

6.4 System status
SYS_STA0 System status 0 (USB & SATA JTAG, USB PLL)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
TDO_EN_SATA
TDO_EN_USB
TDO_SATA
TDO_USB
BIST_OK
RB_1440
Reserved

Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description:
[31:6] Reserved
[5] TDO_EN_SATA
1: The SATA PHY TAP controller is shifting out
[4] TDO_SATA: SATA PHY TDO signal
[3] TDO_EN_USB
1: The USB PHY TAP controller is shifting out
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[2] TDO_USB: USB2 PHY TDO signal

[1] BIST_OK: USB PHY bist status
1: No errors detected
[0] RB_1440: USB2 PHY PLL state
1: The PLL is locked

SYS_STA1 System status 1 (mode pins values)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved MODE
Address: SysConfigBaseAddress + 0x00C

Type: RO
Reset: Not applicable
Description: Indicates the mode pins values captured during the reset phase.
[31:15] Reserved
[14:0] MODE: Values of the mode pins captured during the power-on-reset phase
Output
[14] Reserved -
[13] Short or long reset signal Reset generator
[12:11] Boot mode selection: System configuration
0: ST40 boot
others: Reserved
[10] Master/slave mode EMI subsystem
[9:8] EMI Banks port size at boot EMI subsystem
[7:6] TAPmux bypass select Reserved
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[5:4] Reset bypasses (CPU_RST_OUT_BYPASS[1:0]) Reset generator

[3:2] PLL1 startup configuration Clock generator A
[1:0] PLL0 startup configuration Clock generator A

SYS_STA12 System status 12: LMI padlogic
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LMIPL_SYS_IOREF_COMPOK
LMIPL_SYS_IOREF_NASRC
LMI_SYS_PWRD_ACK
DLL2_CMD
DLL1_CMD
DLL2_LCK
DLL1_LCK
Reserved

Type: RO
Reset: From padlogic
Description: Returns the status of the system LMI padlogic DLL.
[31:29] Reserved
[28] LMI_SYS_PWRD_ACK: System LMI power-down acknowledge
1 LMI is in power-down mode.
Reset:0
[27:21] LMIPL_SYS_IOREF_NASRC: Compensation code
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[20] LMIPL_SYS_IOREF_COMPOK
High only in normal mode when a new measured code is available on the ASRC lines.
[19] DLL2_LCK: DLL2 lock value
[18:10] DLL2_CMD: DLL2 command
Reports the command currently being generated by DLL2.

SYS_STA13 System status 13: video LMI padlogic
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LMIPL_VID_IOREF_COMPOK
LMIPL_VID_IOREF_NASRC
LMI_VID_PWRD_ACK
DLL2_CMD
DLL1_CMD
DLL2_LCK
DLL1_LCK
Reserved

Type: RO
Reset: From padlogic
Description: Returns the state of the video LMI padlogic DLL.
[31:29] Reserved
[28] LMI_VID_PWRD_ACK: Video LMI power-down acknowledge
1: LMI is in power-down mode.
Reset:0
[27:21] LMIPL_VID_IOREF_NASRC: Compensation code
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[20] LMIPL_VID_IOREF_COMPOK
High only in normal mode when a new measured code is available on the ASRC lines.

SYS_CFG0 System configuration 0: TS merger
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CFG_TS0_TS1_SEL
INPUT_SEL_MUX
BYPASS_TS
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Defines the transport stream merger (TSMerger) inputs configuration.
[31:] Reserved
[2] CFG_TS0_TS1_SEL: Configure TS0 TS1 select
0: TSIN0 routed to TSIN2
1: TSIN1 routed to TSIN2
[1] IN_SEL_MUX: Input select multiplex
0: TSMerger TSIN2 receives TSIN2
1: TSMerger TSIN2 receives TSIN0 or TSIN1 depending on CFG_TS0_TS1_SEL
[0] BYPASS_TS
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0: TS interface is as indicated by TSMerger configuration bits

1: TSIN0 is routed directly to TSOUT1394 output
Figure 16: TSMerger inputs configuration
CFG_TS0_TS1_SEL
TSMerger
IN_SEL_MUX
TS_IN0
(or NRSS-A input)
NRSS-A
parallel / serial interface IN0
1
TS_IN1
(or D1 input) IN1
parallel / serial
1
IN2
0
TS_IN2
or TSOUT1394
(1394 interface)
1
0 1394
Transport
BYPASS_TS Subsystem
Note: See Chapter 38: Transport stream merger and router on page 343.

SYS_CFG1 System configuration 1: NRSS-A
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NRSSA_TS_IN_SP
NRSSA_EN
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Configure the NRSS-A interface.
[31:2] Reserved
[1] NRSSA_TS_IN_SP
0: Bypass mode: TS_IN0 goes directly to the TSmerger
1: NRSS-A interface is enabled: TS_IN0 is formatted and passed through an external NRSS-A module
before going to the TSmerger
[0] NRSSA_EN
Select TS_IN0 format when NRSS-A is enabled.
0: TS_IN1 in parallel mode
1: TS_IN0 in serial mode
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SYS_CFG2 System configuration 2: USB2.0
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
BYPASS_LFSONLY
SOFT_JTAG_EN
MSEL_24_30
START_BIST
SEND_IDLE
LOOP_EN
Reserved
USB_AT
RX_EN
TX_EN
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x81
Description:
[31:10] Reserved
[9] SOFT_JTAG_EN
1: USB2 and SATA JTAG are controlled by the SOFT_JTAG register.
[8] BYPASS_LFSONLY
0: disables REF_CLK_BYPASS_LFSONLY (PLL outputs are used).
1: REF_CLK_BYPASS_LFSONLY will be used for LFS Serdes operation (in FS and LS only modes).
REF_CLK_BYPASS_LFSONLY should be connected to a 48 MHz clock in that case.
[7] MSEL_24_30
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0: selects a 24MHz input clock.

1: selects a 30 MHz input clock.
[6] SEND_IDLE
1: the BIST sends IDLE word on TXN (TXP) signals.
[5] RX_EN
1: set the input buffer in normal mode.
[4] TX_EN
1: set the output buffer in normal mode.
[3] LOOP_EN
1: creates an internal loop between the serializer and the deserializer. This loop is implemented before
the buffering stage.
[2] START_BIST
1: start the PHY BIST.
[1] USB_AT
1: set the USB PHY in self-test mode.
[0] Reserved

SYS_CFG3 System configuration 3: video DACs and HDMI
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
TST_DAC_HD_CMDR
TST_DAC_HD_CMDS
TST_DAC_SD_CMDR
TST_DAC_SD_CMDS
PLL_S_HDMI_PDIV
PLL_S_HDMI_EN
S_HDMI_RST_N
DAC_HD_HZW
DAC_SD_HZW
DAC_HD_HZU
DAC_HD_HZV
DAC_SD_HZU
DAC_SD_HZV
Reserved
PLL_S_HDMI_MDIV PLL_S_HDMI_NDIV

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x3264 4000
Description: Configure the video DACs and HDMI serializer.
[31:24] PLL_S_HDMI_MDIV: Set the dividing factor of the 8-bit programmable input divider
[23:16] PLL_S_HDMI_NDIV: Set the dividing factor of the 8-bit programmable loop divider
[15:13] PLL_S_HDMI_PDIV: Set the dividing factor of the 3-bit programmable output divider
[12] PLL_S_HDMI_EN: Determine the mode of operation of the PLL
0: the PLL is powered down.
1: the PLL is running.
[11] S_HDMI_RST_N
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0: HDMI serializer reset - active low.

[10] Reserved
[9] TST_DAC_HD_CMDR
Functions with CMDS signals. Can be used to force DAC HD output.
[8] TST_DAC_HD_CMDS
Functions with CMDR signal. Can be used to force DAC HD output.
[7] TST_DAC_SD_CMDR
Functions with CMDS signals. Can be used to force the DAC SD output.
[6] TST_DAC_SD_CMDS
Functions with CMDR signal. Can be used to force the DAC SD output.
[5] DAC_HD_HZU
1: Disable the DAC HD output current and put the output in high impedance mode, but leaves the
reference circuitry powered for fast recovery to active mode.
[4] DAC_HD_HZV
[3] DAC_HD_HZW
[2] DAC_SD_HZU
1: Disable the DAC SD output current and put the output in high impedance mode, but leaves the
[1] DAC_SD_HZV
[0] DAC_SD_HZW

SYS_CFG4 System configuration 4: EMI asynchronous bridge
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
EMI4_MASTER_BOOTED
LATENCY_RX_OUT
LATENCY_TX_OUT
SW_RST_OUT
LATENCY_RX
LATENCY_TX
MODE_OUT
Reserved
Reserved
SW_RST
STROBE
MODE
Type: Mixed
Reset: 0x0127 0027
Description: Configures the EMI asynchronous bridge.
A rising edge on the strobe signal validates a new bridge configuration. To write a new
configuration, the software must write the new configuration (MODE/LATENCY/
SW_RST) while keeping the strobe bit at 0. Setting the strobe bit to 1 creates a rising
edge which validates the new setting.
The status of the control bits returned by the bridge can also be read back from this
register.
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[31:25] - Reserved
[24] RO SW_RST_OUT: Software reset - active low
[23:21] RO LATENCY_TX_OUT: Transmit latency
[20:18] RO LATENCY_RX_OUT: Receive latency
[17:16] RO MODE_OUT: Mode
[15:11] - Reserved
[10] R/W EMI4_MASTER_BOOTED
Bit used to gate the request from external slave until the master has completed its boot.
[9] R/W STROBE: Strobe to validate a new configuration
[8] R/W SW_RST: Software reset - active high
[7:5] R/W LATENCY_TX: Transmit latency value
[4:2] R/W LATENCY_RX: Receive latency value
[1:0] R/W MODE: Mode pins of memory bridge
SYS_CFG6 System configuration 6: SATA
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved SYNC_MASK SYNC_CHAR

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x000F FD7C
Description:
[31:20] Reserved
[19:10] SYNC_MASK: Defines the 10-bit comma word mask
[9:0] SYNC_CHAR: Defines the 10-bit comma word

6.5 PIO alternate configurations
SYS_CFG7 System configuration 7: PIOs alternate
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PIO0_SCCLK_NOT_CLK_DSS
PIO1_SCCLK_NOT_CLKDSS
IRB_DATA_OUT_POL_OD
SC_COND_VCC_EN
SCIF_PIO_OUT_EN
SC_DETECT_POL
SSC2_MUX_SEL
SSC1_MUX_SEL
SSC0_MUX_SEL
AUX_NOT_MAIN
DVO_OUT_ON
DAA_SER_EN
Reserved
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: COMMs configuration
[31:13] Reserved
[12] DAA_SER_EN: DAA serializer enable
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0: DAA serializer disable 1: DAA serializer enable

[11] AUX_NOT_MAIN: VTG signals selection; see Section 8.2: Alternative functions on page 78.
[10] DVO_OUT_ON: DVO signals selection; see Section 8.2: Alternative functions on page 78.
[9] IRB_DATA_OUT_POL_OD: IRB polarity selection
0: Polarity of IRB_DATA_OUT_OD is inverted.
1: IRB_DATA_OUT_OD has same polarity as IRB_DATA_OUT.
[8] SC_DETECT_POL: SC_DETECT input signal polarity
When configuration bit SC_COND_VCC_EN is set:
0: output SC_NOT_SETVCC = SC_DETECT.
1: output SC_NOT_SETVCC = NOT(SC_DETECT)
If SC_COND_VCC_EN is 0, then this bit has no effect.
[7] SC_COND_VCC_EN: Smartcard VCC control upon detection of smartcard removal or insertion
0: Alternate PIO output pin SC_NOT_SETVCC is controlled according to input SC_DETECT.
1: Alternate PIO output pin SC_NOT_SETVCC is driven permanently low.
This bit is overridden by PDES_SC_MUXOUT which is driven by a configuration bit in the PDES IP
[6] Reserved
[5] PIO1_SCCLK_NOT_CLKDSS: Smartcard clock muxing selection
0: Smartcard clock sourced from smartcard clock generator (COMMs): SC_CLKGEN1_CLK_OUT.
1: Smartcard clock sourced from CLK_DSS (clockgen B).
[4] PIO0_SCCLK_NOT_CLK_DSS: Smartcard clock muxing selection
0: Smartcard clock sourced from CLK_DSS (clockgen B).
1: Smartcard clock sourced from smartcard clock generator (COMMs): SC_CLKGEN0_CLK_OUT.
[3] SSC2_MUX_SEL: SSC2 muxing selection; see Section 8.2: Alternative functions on page 78.
0: On separate PIOs.
1: SSC0_MRST replaces SSC0_MTSR on the corresponding PIO alternate function.
0: Default assignment

0: Default assignment
[0] SCIF_PIO_OUT_EN
0: Regular PIO 1: Select the SCIF output
SYS_CFG8 System configuration 8: ST40 boot control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RTC_CLK_SRC
ST40_BOOT
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 1 when mode[12:11]=00, otherwise 0
Description:
[31:2] Reserved
[1] RTC_CLK_SRC: RTC clock source
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0: The ST40 RTC sources its clock from the input pin RTCCLKIN
1: The ST40 RTC sources its clock from clock generator B (fixed frequency 32.768 kHz)
[0] ST40_BOOT: Controls whether the ST40 is allowed to boot or not after a reset. Its value depends on
the mode pin [12] captured during the reset phase.
0: Boot halted 1: Boot enabled

SYS_CFG9 System configuration 9: reset generator
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CPU_RST_OUT_BYPASS1
CPU_RST_OUT_BYPASS0
Reserved
Reserved
RST_OUT_LEN

Type: R/W
Reset: See below
Description: Configures the reset generator.
[31:29] Reserved
[28] CPU_RST_OUT_BYPASS1: CPU reset out bypass 1
0: The reset signal is propagated through the ST231.
1: Bypass the audio ST231 and Delta ST231 reset out signals.
Reset: from mode pin [5].
[27] CPU_RST_OUT_BYPASS0: CPU reset out bypass 0
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0: The reset signal is propagated through the ST231s and the ST40
1: Bypass the ST40, Audio ST231 and Delta ST231 reset out signals.
Reset: from mode pin [4].
[26] Reserved
[25:0] RST_OUT_LEN: Length of WDGRTS_OUT in 27 MHz cycles
In long reset out mode, the reset value guarantees a 200 ms WDGRTS_OUT signal.
In short reset out mode, the WDGRTS_OUT signal lasts 100 µs.
This register allows for a max reset out of 2.48 sec.
Reset: 0x52 65C0 in long reset out modea, 0x00 0A8C in short reset out mode
a. Long reset out mode is selected when MODE_PIN[13] is set to ‘1’.

SYS_CFG10 System configuration 10: SYS_IRQ pins
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SYS_IRQ3_DIR
SYS_IRQ2_DIR
SYS_IRQ1_DIR
SYS_IRQ0_DIR
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0xF
Description: Configure the SYSITRQ pins as either input or output.
[31:4] Reserved
[3] SYS_IRQ3_DIR: SYSITRQ3 pin direction
0: SYSITRQ3 configured as output
1: SYSITRQ3 configured as input.
0: SYSITRQ2 configured as output.
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SYS_CFG11 System configuration 11: system and video padlogic
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LMI_SYS_SWAP_ADD_13_11
LMI_SYS_SWAP_ADD_13_10
LMI_VID_SWAP_ADD_13_11
LMI_VID_SWAP_ADD_13_10
LMI_VID_PWR_DN_REQ
LMI_SYS_PWRD_REQ
LMI_SYS_PL_RETIME
LMI_SYS_CKG_RSTN
LMI_VID_PL_RETIME
LMI_SYS_HP_AP_EN
LMI_VID_CKG_RSTN
LMI_SYS_LP_AP_EN
LMI_VID_HP_AP_EN
LMI_VID_LP_AP_EN
BYPASS_DQS_EN
LMI_SYS_PBS_IN
LMI_SYS_RST_N
LMI_VID_PBS_IN
LMI_VID_RST_N
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0800 0000
Description: Controls the configuration of the system and video LMI padlogics, reset of the system,
video memory controllers and their padlogics. Can also put the memory controllers in
power-down mode.
[31] Reserved
[30] LMI_VID_PWR_DN_REQ: Video LMI - power down request
[29] Reserved
[28] LMI_SYS_PWRD_REQ: System LMI - power down request

[27] BYPASS_DQS_EN
Bypass gating logic for DQS strobe during postamble. Must be set to 1.
[26] LMI_VID_SWAP_ADD_13_11
Video LMI - Enable swapping between bit 13 and bit 11 of STBus address.
[25] LMI_VID_SWAP_ADD_13_10
Video LMI - Enable swapping between bit 13 and bit 10 of STBus address.
[24] LMI_SYS_SWAP_ADD_13_11
System LMI - Enable swapping between bit 13 and bit 11 of STBus address.
[23] LMI_SYS_SWAP_ADD_13_10
System LMI - Enable swapping between bit 13 and bit 10 of STBus address.
[22] LMI_VID_HP_AP_EN
Video LMI - Enable read with autoprecharge on high priority port.
[21] LMI_VID_LP_AP_EN
Video LMI - Enable read with autoprecharge on low priority port.
[20] LMI_SYS_HP_AP_EN
System LMI - Enable read with autoprecharge on high priority port.
[19] LMI_SYS_LP_AP_EN
System LMI - Enable read with autoprecharge on low priority port.
[18] LMI_VID_PL_RETIME
Video LMI - retiming stage enable. Active high
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[17] LMI_SYS_PL_RETIME: System LMI - retiming stage enable. Active high

[16] LMI_VID_CKG_RSTN: Video LMI - padlogic clockgen reset. Active low.
[15] LMI_VID_RST_N: Video LMI - subsystem reset and padlogic reset. Active low.
[14:9] LMI_VID_PBS_IN: Video LMI - padlogic pin buffer strength.
Set the output buffer drive strength for the SSTL2 pads. Each 2-bits control field has the following
encoding:
00: 5 pf 01: 15 pf
10: 25 pf 11: 35 pf
[10:9]: Clock buffer strength. This field selects the drive strength for the CK and CK# pins.
[12:11]: Command buffer strength. This field selects the drive strength for the CKE, CS, RAS, CAS, WE,
A and BA DDR pins.
[14:13]: Data buffer strength. This field selects the drive strength for the DQ, DM and DQS DDR pins.
[8] Reserved
[7] LMI_SYS_CKG_RSTN: System LMI - padlogic clockgen reset. Active low
[6] LMI_SYS_RST_N: System LMI - subsystem reset and padlogic reset. Active low.
[5:0] LMI_SYS_PBS_IN: System LMI - padlogic pin buffer strength
Set the output buffer drive strength for the SSTL2 pads. Each 2-bit control field has the following
encoding:
00: 5 pf 01: 15 pf
10: 25 pf 11: 35 pf
[1:0]: Clock buffer strength. This field select the drive strength for the CK and CK# pins.
[3:2]: Command buffer strength. This field selects the drive strength for the CKE, CS, RAS, CAS, WE, A
and BA DDR pins.
[5:4]: Data buffer strength. This field selects the drive strength for the DQ, DM and DQS DDR pins.

SYS_CFG12 System configuration 12: LMI padlogic
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LMI_SYS_DLL2_LCK_CTRL
LMI_SYS_DLL1_LCK_CTRL
LMI_SYS_IOREF_COMPTQ
LMI_SYS_IOREF_RASRC
LMI_SYS_IOREF_COMP
LMI_SYS_IOREF_ACC
LMI_SYS_IOREF_FRZ
LMI_SYS_DDR_CTRL
LMI_SYS_IOREF_TQ
Reserved
Type: R/W
Reset: 0x4000 0XXD
Description: Control the system LMI DDR padlogic. The drive of the SSTL2 pads, the padlogic DLLs
(DLL1 and DLL2) and the compensation cell parameters can be controlled.
[31] LMI_SYS_IOREF_TQ: Compensation cell IDDQ mode select
Must be 0 in normal mode
1: puts all IOs and reference generators in IDDQ mode
[30] LMI_SYS_IOREF_ACC
Compensation cell accurate mode select (use an external resistor to provide an accurate compensation
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code). Must be 1 in normal mode.

[29] LMI_SYS_IOREF_FRZ: Compensation cell code freeze
Must be 0 in normal mode.
1: Freezes the compensation code at its running value.
[28] LMI_SYS_IOREF_COMPTQ: Compensation cell operating mode
[27] LMI_SYS_IOREF_COMP: Compensation cell operating mode
[26:23] LMI_SYS_DLL2_LCK_CTRL: DLL2 lock control
Defines the number of consecutive up/down pulses to trigger the lock status (LCK goes high).
[22:16] LMI_SYS_IOREF_RASRC: System LMI compensation cell input code
[15:12] LMI_SYS_DLL1_LCK_CTRL: DLL1 lock control
Defines the number of consecutive up/down pulses trigger the lock status (LCK goes high).
[11:4] Reserved
[3:0] LMI_SYS_DDR_CTRL: System LMI DDR Pad control:
[0] Output buffer impedance (I/O ZOUTPROGA)
0: 25 Ω (Strong SSTL2) 1: 40 Ω (Weak SSTL2)
[1] Buffer mode select (I/O MODE)
0: 2.5V SSTL2 with 25/40 Ω impedance. 1: 2.5V Matched impedance with 40 Ω.
[2] VREF mode select (I/O ENVREF)
0: VREF is generated internally for each pad. 1: VREF is supplied externally.
[3]: Receiver mode select (I/O MODEZI)
0: Differential 2.5V receiver. 1: 2.5V Digital CMOS receiver.

SYS_CFG13 System configuration 13: video LMI padlogic
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LMI_VID_DLL2_LCK_CTRL
LMI_VID_DLL1_LCK_CTRL
LMI_VID_IOREF_COMPTQ
LMI_VID_IOREF_RASRC
LMI_VID_IOREF_COMP
LMI_VID_IOREF_ACC
LMI_VID_IOREF_FRZ
LMI_VID_DDR_CTRL
LMI_VID_IOREF_TQ
Reserved
Type: R/W
Reset: 0x4000 0XXD
Description: Control the video LMI DDR padlogic. The drive of the SSTL2 pads, the padlogic DLLs
(DLL1 and DLL2) and the compensation cell parameters can be controlled.
[31] LMI_VID_IOREF_TQ: Compensation cell IDDQ mode select
[30] LMI_VID_IOREF_ACC: Compensation cell accurate mode select
[29] LMI_VID_IOREF_FRZ: Compensation cell code freeze
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[28] LMI_VID_IOREF_COMPTQ: Compensation cell operating mode
[27] LMI_VID_IOREF_COMP: Compensation cell operating mode
[26:23] LMI_VID_DLL2_LCK_CTRL: DLL2 lock control
[22:16] LMI_VID_IOREF_RASRC: Compensation cell input code
[15:12] LMI_VID_DLL1_LCK_CTRL: DLL1 lock control
[11:4] Reserved
[3:0] LMI_VID_DDR_CTRL: Video LMI DDR pad control
[3] Receiver mode select (I/O MODEZI)
0: Differential 2.5V receiver. 1: 2.5V Digital CMOS receiver
[2] VREF mode select (I/O ENVREF)
0: VREF is generated internally for each pad. 1: VREF is supplied externally
[1] Buffer mode select (I/O MODE)
0: 2.5V SSTL2 with 25/40 Ω impedance. 1: 2.5V Matched impedance with 40 Ω.
[0] Output buffer impedance (I/O ZOUTPROGA)
0: 25 Ω (Strong SSTL2) 1: 40 Ω (Weak SSTL2)

SYS_CFG14 System configuration 14: LMI padlogic DLL1
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LMIPL_SYS_DLL1_INT_CMD
Reserved
Reserved
LMIPL_SYS_DLL1_USER_CMD LMIPL_SYS_DLL1_OFF_CMD LMIPL_SYS_DLL1_RST_CMD

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Controls the delay generated by the DLL1 of the system LMI padlogic. The DLL1
generates only internal delay commands. It controls the timings of the write-path to the
DDR memory.
[31:29] Reserved
[28:20] LMIPL_SYS_DLL1_USER_CMD
User delay command used by DLL1 when bit 18 is 1.
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[19] Reserved
[18] LMIPL_SYS_DLL1_INT_CMD: Controls which internal delay command is used by DLL1
0: FSM-generated command
1: user command
[17:9] LMIPL_SYS_DLL1_OFF_CMD
DLL1 offset value added to the FSM generated delay command. Can be negative and must be coded in
twos complement.
[8:0] LMIPL_SYS_DLL1_RST_CMD
DLL1 command from which the FSM start to count-up after reset.

SYS_CFG15 System configuration 15: LMI padlogic DLL2
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LMIPL_SYS_DLL2_EXT_CMD
LMIPL_SYS_DLL2_INT_CMD
Reserved
LMIPL_SYS_DLL2_USER_CMD LMIPL_SYS_DLL2_OFF_CMD LMIPL_SYS_DLL2_RST_CMD

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Controls the delay generated by the DLL2 of the system LMI padlogic. The DLL2 delay
can be generated by either internal and external commands. This delay from the DLL2
is used to control the read-path timings the from the DDR memory.
[31:29] Reserved
[28:20] LMIPL_SYS_DLL2_USER_CMD: User delay command used by DLL2 when bit 18 and/or bit 19 is 1
[19] LMIPL_SYS_DLL2_EXT_CMD: Controls which external delay command is used for DLL2
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0: FSM-generated delay command

1: user external delay command
[18] LMIPL_SYS_DLL2_INT_CMD: Controls which internal delay command is used for DLL2
1: user internal delay command
[17:9] LMIPL_SYS_DLL2_OFF_CMD: DLL2 offset value added to the FSM generated delay command
Can be negative and must be coded in 2’s complement.
[8:0] LMIPL_SYS_DLL2_RST_CMD: DLL2 command from which the FSM start to count-up after reset

SYS_CFG20 System configuration 20: video LMI padlogic DLL1
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LMIPL_VID_DLL1_INT_CMD
Reserved
Reserved
LMIPL_VID_DLL1_USER_CMD LMIPL_VID_DLL1_OFF_CMD LMIPL_VID_DLL1_RST_CMD

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Controls the delay generated by the DLL1 of the video LMI padlogic and the timings of
the write-path to the DDR memory. The DLL1 generates only internal delay commands.
controls.
[31:29] Reserved
[28:20] LMIPL_VID_DLL1_USER_CMD: User delay command used by DLL1 when the bit 18 is 1.
[19] Reserved
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[18] LMIPL_VID_DLL1_INT_CMD: Controls which internal delay command is used by DLL1

0: FSM-generated command
1: user command
[17:9] LMIPL_VID_DLL1_OFF_CMD
2’s complement.
[8:0] LMIPL_VID_DLL1_RST_CMD: DLL1 command from which the FSM start to count-up after reset.

SYS_CFG21 System configuration 21: video LMI padlogic DLL2
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LMIPL_VID_DLL2_EXT_CMD
LMIPL_VID_DLL2_INT_CMD
Reserved
LMIPL_VID_DLL2_USER_CMD LMIPL_VID_DLL2_OFF_CMD LMIPL_VID_DLL2_RST_CMD

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Controls the delay generated by the DLL2 of the system LMI padlogic and timings of the
read-path from the DDR memory. The DLL2 generates internal and external delay
commands.
[31:29] Reserved
[28:20] LMIPL_VID_DLL2_USER_CMD
User delay command used by DLL2 when bit 18 and/or bit 19 is 1
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[19] LMIPL_VID_DLL2_EXT_CMD
Controls which external delay command is used for DLL2.
1: user external delay command
[18] LMIPL_VID_DLL2_INT_CMD
Controls which internal delay command is used for DLL2.
1: user internal delay command
[17:9] LMIPL_VID_DLL2_OFF_CMD
2’s complement.
[8:0] LMIPL_VID_DLL2_RST_CMD
DLL2 command from which the FSM start to count-up after reset.

SYS_CFG26 System configuration 26: audio ST231 boot control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ST231_AUD_BOOT
ST231_AUD_BOOT_ADDR[29:6] Reserved
Address: SysConfigBaseAddress + 0x
Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Allows the audio ST231 to boot and to define its boot address.
[31:8] ST231_AUD_BOOT_ADDR[29:6]: Audio ST231 boot address
[7:1] Reserved
[0] ST231_AUD_BOOT: Audio ST231 boot enable
0: boot halted
1: boot enabled
SYS_CFG27 System configuration 27: audio ST231 reset

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31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ST231_AUD_RSTP
Reserved ST231_AUD_PERIPH_ADDR

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x344
Description: do a software reset of the audio ST231. When the boot-address is changed then the
ST231 must be reset to take into account its new boot-address.
[31:13] Reserved
[12:1] ST231_AUD_PERIPH_ADDR: Audio ST231 peripherals address (must not be changed).
[0] ST231_AUD_RSTP: Audio ST231 reset control:
0: ST231 reset input is driven by the hardware reset
1: ST231 reset is asserted

SYS_CFG28 System configuration 28: Delta ST231 boot
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ST231_DELTA_BOOT_EN
ST231_DELTA_BOOT_ADDR[29:6] Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Enables the Delta ST231 to boot and defines its boot address.
[31:8] ST231_DELTA_BOOT_ADDR[29:6]
[7:1] Reserved
[0] ST231_DELTA_BOOT_EN: Delta ST231 boot enable
0: Boot halted
1: Boot enabled
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SYS_CFG29 System configuration 29: Delta ST231 reset
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ST231_DELTA_RSTP
Reserved ST231_DELTA_PERIPH_ADDR

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x340
Description: Perform a software reset of the Delta ST231. When the boot-address is changed then
the ST231 must be reset to take into account its new boot address.
[31:13] Reserved
[12:1] ST231_DELTA_PERIPH_ADDR: Delta ST231 peripherals address (must not be changed).
[0] ST231_DELTA_RSTP: Delta ST231 reset control:
0: ST231 reset input is driven by the hardware reset
1: ST231 reset is asserted

SYS_CFG33 System configuration 33: USB and SATA software JTAG
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
TRSTN_SATA
TRSTN_USB
Reserved
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Controls the JTAG port of the SATA and USB PHY. A software JTAG controller can be
implemented in software.
[31:3] Reserved
[2] TRSTN_SATA: Asynchronous reset SATA TAP
[1] Reserved
[0] TRSTN_USB: Asynchronous reset USB2 TAP
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STx7100
Part 2
Hardware
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STx7100 7 Package
7 Package
Package type: PGBA 580 + 100 balls (plastic ball grid array).
Body: 35 x 35 mm.
Figure 17: PGBA 580 +100
Seating plane C
34 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2
33 31 29 27 25 23 21 19 17 15 13 11 9 7 5 3 1
A1
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
J
K
L
M
N
P
R
T
U
E E1 V
W
Y
AA
AB
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AC
AD
AE
AF
AG
AH
AJ
AK
AL
AM
AN
AP
A2 e
A D1 F
C B
A
D
ddd C
Detail D
eee C A B
fff C b A1 corner index area
Solder ball (typ)
Detail D

7 Package STx7100
Table 6: Package dimensions
Millimeters Inches
Dimension Element
Min Typ Max Min Typ Max
A 2.500 0.098 Overall thickness
A1 0.300 0.012 Ball height
A2 1.900 0.075 Body thickness
b 0.500 0.600 0.700 0.020 0.024 0.028 Ball diameter
D 34.800 35.000 35.200 1.370 1.378 1.386 Body size
D1 33.000 1.299 Ball footprint
E 34.800 35.000 35.200 1.370 1.378 1.386 Body size
E1 33.000 1.299 Ball footprint
e 1.000 0.039 Ball pitch
F 1.000 0.039
ddd 0.200 0.008 Coplanarity
eee 0.250 0.010
fff 0.100 0.004
In order to meet environmental requirements, STMicroelectronics offers the STx7100 in normal

(leaded) and ECOPACK® packages. These packages have a lead-free second level
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interconnect. The category of second level interconnect is marked on the package and on the
inner box label, in compliance with JEDEC Standard JESD97. The maximum ratings related to
soldering conditions are also marked on the inner box label. ECOPACK is an ST trademark.
ECOPACK specifications are available at: www.st.com.
The Ecopack version can be identified by the letter ‘E’ beside the ST logo. Both types are
compatible with ROHS.
Table 7: Package Solder composition, characteristics
Ecopack
Leaded
(lead-free)
Lead free termination surface material (with %) Sn/Ag/Cu: Sn/Pb:
Ag 3.3 - 4.3%, Sn 63%,
Cu 0.4 - 1.1%, Pb 37% eutectic
Sn balance
Is the substitution component totally (=100%) without Yes 100% No 37%
lead? (Yes/No, % of Pb)
Reflow zone: 235/260 215/240
Peak temperature min/max (°C)
Reflow zone: 60 to 90 s above 217°C 60 to 120 s above 183°C
Time above liquidus or above 220 °C (seconds)
Compatibility with actual SnPb 63/37 solder paste No Yes
Compatibility with SnAgCu solder paste with a solder peak Yes Yes
of 250 °C
MSL impact 3 3

STx7100 8 Pin list and alternative functions
8 Pin list and alternative functions
8.1 Pin-out
Signal names are prefixed by NOT if they are active low; otherwise they are active high.
On the pin-out diagram, black indicates that the pin is reserved and must not be used.
The following pages give the allocation of pins to the package, shown from the top looking down
using the PCB footprint.
Table 8: Key to pin-out diagram
Function Type Key

System SIG
JTAG SIG
Transport SIG
Display digital SIG
Display analog SIG
HDMI SIG
Audio digital SIG
Audio analog SIG
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PIO/peripheral SIG
EMI SIG
LMISYS SIG
LMIVID SIG
USB SIG
SATA SIG
Analog 1.0 V powers/grounds VDD/GND
Digital 1.0 V powers/grounds VDD/GND
Not connected - do not connect NC

8 Pin list and alternative functions STx7100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
LMIVID LMIVID
LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID
A DATA[8] DATA[10] DATA[12] DATA[14]
DATASTRO DATA
DATA[24] DATA[26] DATA[28] DATA[30] DATA[31] DLL_VDD CLK DATA[0] DATA[2] DATA[4] DATA[6]
BE[1] MASK[3]
CKGA_PLL LMIVID LMIVID
LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVIDGN LMI NOTLMI LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID
B 1_AVDD
DATA[9] DATA[11] DATA[13] DATA[15]
DATA DATASTRO
DATA[25] DATA[27] DATA[29] DBGCOMP VIDREF VIDCLK DATA[1] DATA[3] DATA[5] DATA[7]
PLL2V5 MASK[1] BE[3]
CKGA_PLL
SYSA CKGA_PLL LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID
C CLKIN
2_AVDD
_VDDE2V5 VDDE2V5 VDDE2V5 VDDE2V5 VDDE2V5 VDDE2V5 VDDE2V5 VDDE2V5 VREF DLL_VSS VDDE2V5
GNDE GNDE GNDE GNDE
PLL2V5
CKGA_PLLCKGA_PLLCKGA_PLL
LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID NOTLMI LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID NOTLMI TRIGGER
D 1_AGND 2_AGND 1_DGND
ADD[8] ADD[6] ADD[4] ADD[12] ADD[10] ADD[3] ADD[1] VIDCS[0] VDDE2V5 CLKEN BKSEL[0] VIDCAS
RTCCLKIN
IN
PLL2V5 PLL2V5 PLL1V0
CKGA_PLLCKGA_PLL
LMISYS LMISYS LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID NOTLMI LMIVID LMIVID NOTLMI NOTLMI SYSCLK
E DATA[9] DATA[8]
2_DGND 2_DVDD
ADD[7] ADD[5] ADD[9] ADD[11] ADD[2] ADD[0] VIDCS[1] VDDE2V5 BKSEL[1] VIDRAS VIDWE
NMI
OUT
PLL1V0 PLL1V0
CKGA_PLL
LMISYS LMISYS
F DATA[11] DATA[10]
1_DVDD VDD VDD
PLL1V0
LMISYS LMISYS LMISYSDL

G DATA[13] DATA[12] L_VSS
VDD NC
LMISYS LMISYS LMISYS LMISYS

H DATA[15] DATA[14]
GND
DLL_VDD VREF
LMISYS LMISYS
NOTLMI NOTLMI
J DATA DATASTRO GNDE
SYSCAS SYSWE
MASK[1] BE[1]
LMISYS LMISYS
LMISYSBK NOTLMI
K DATASTRO DATA GNDE
SEL[0] SYSRAS
BE[3] MASK[3]
LMISYS LMISYS NOTLMI LMISYS

L DATA[25] DATA[24]
GNDE
SYSCS[0] BKSEL[1]
LMISYS LMISYS LMISYS NOTLMI

M DATA[27] DATA[26]
GNDE
ADD[0] SYSCS[1]

N DATA[29] DATA[28]
GNDE
ADD[2] ADD[1]
GND GND GND VDD VDD

P DATA[31] DATA[30]
GNDE
ADD[10] ADD[3]
GND GND GND GND VDD
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LMISYS LMISYSGN
R REF DBGCOMP
GNDE GNDE GNDE VDD GND GND GND VDD

T VDDE2V5 VDDE2V5
GNDE
ADD[12] ADD[11]
VDD VDD GND GND GND
LMISYS NOTLMI LMISYS LMISYS LMISYS

U CLK SYSCLK VDDE2V5 ADD[4] ADD[9]
VDD VDD GND GND GND
LMISYS LMISYS LMISYS LMISYS LMISYS

V DATA[0] DATA[1] VDDE2V5 ADD[6] ADD[5]
VDD VDD GND GND GND

W DATA[2] DATA[3] VDDE2V5 ADD[8] ADD[7]
VDD VDD GND GND GND

Y DATA[4] DATA[5] VDDE2V5 VDDE2V5 CLKEN
VDD GND GND GND VDD
LMISYS LMISYS LMISYS TSIN1 LMISYS

AA DATA[6] DATA[7] VDDE2V5 DATA[7] VDDE2V5
GND GND GND GND VDD
LMISYS LMISYS
LMISYS TSIN1 TSIN1
AB DATASTRO DATA
VDDE2V5 DATA[5] DATA[6]
GND GND GND VDD VDD
BE[0] MASK[0]
LMISYS LMISYS
LMISYS TSIN1 TSIN1
AC DATA DATASTRO
VDDE2V5 DATA[3] DATA[4]
MASK[2] BE[2]
LMISYS LMISYS TSIN1 TSIN1

AD DATA[16] DATA[17]
GNDE
DATA[1] DATA[2]

AE DATA[18] DATA[19]
GNDE
ERROR DATA[0]
TSIN1 TSIN1
LMISYS LMISYS
AF DATA[20] DATA[21]
GNDE PACKET BYTECLK
CLK VALID

AG DATA[22] DATA[23]
GNDE
DATA[1] BYTECLK
TSIN0 TSIN0 TSIN0 TSIN0

AH DATA[6] DATA[7]
GNDE
ERROR DATA[0]
TSIN0 TSIN0
TSIN0 TSIN0
AJ DATA[4] DATA[5]
GNDE PACKET BYTECLK
CLK VALID
TSIN0 TSIN0 VDDE TSIN0 VDDE NOT NOT EMI EMI EMI EMI EMI EMI EMI
AK DATA[2] DATA[3] 2V5
GNDE GNDE
BYTECLK 2V5 EMICSE EMICSA ADDR[2] ADDR[4] ADDR[6] ADDR[8] ADDR[10] ADDR[12]
VDD
ADDR[14]
TSIN2 TSIN2 TSIN2 VDDE NOT EMI EMI EMI EMI EMI EMI EMI EMI
AL DATA[6] DATA[5] DATA[7]
GNDE GNDE NC
2V5 EMICSB ADDR[1] ADDR[3] ADDR[5] ADDR[7] ADDR[9] ADDR[11] ADDR[13]
VDD
ADDR[15]
TSIN2 TSIN2 TSIN2 VDDE NOT VDDE VDDE VDDE VDDE VDDE VDDE VDDE
AM DATA[4] DATA[3] BYTECLK
GNDE NC GNDE
2V5 EMICSC 3V3 3V3 3V3 3V3 3V3 3V3 3V3
VDD VDD
TSIN2 EMI
TSIN2 TSIN2 VDDE VDDE NOT EMI EMI EMI EMI EMI
AN DATA[2] DATA[1]
BYTECLK GNDE DAA_C1A GNDE
2V5 3V3
NC RDNOT
EMIBE[1] DATA[15] DATA[14] DATA[13] DATA[12]
VDD
DATA[11]
VALID WR
TSIN2
TSIN2 TSIN2 VDDE NOT NOT NOT EMI EMI EMI EMI EMI
AP DATA[0] ERROR
PACKET GNDE DAA_C2A GNDE
3V3 EMICSD
NC
EMIOE EMIBE[0] DATA[7] DATA[6] DATA[5] DATA[4]
VDD
DATA[3]
CLK

18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34
LMIVID LMIVID AUDANAP
LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID AUDPCM VDDE AUDANAP AUD_ VIDANA VIDANA VIDAN VIDAN
A DATASTRO DATA
GNDE
OUT0 3V3 LEFTOUT
RIGHT NC
GNDA REXT[0] REXT[1] AIDUMPC1 AC1OUT
BE[0] MASK[2] OUT
LMIVID LMIVID AUDANAM VIDANA VIDANA
LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID LMIVID AUDPCM VDDE AUDANAM AUD_ AUD_ VIDANA VIDAN
B DATA DATASTRO
GNDE
OUT1 3V3 LEFTOUT
RIGHT
VCCA GNDAS
GNDA GNDA
IDUMPY1 AY1OUT
MASK[0] BE[2] OUT REXT[0] REXT[1]
AUDPCM VDDE AUDANAI AUDANAV FS0_ FS0_ DA_HD_0_ VIDANAID VIDAN

C GNDE GNDE GNDE GNDE GNDE GNDE GNDE
OUT2 3V3 REF BGFIL VCCA
NC
GNDA GNDA UMPCV1 ACV1OUT
TRIGGER NOT AUDSPDIF AUDPCM AUDPCM AUDDIG AUDDIG DA_HD_0_ VDDE2V5_ AGNDPLL VIDANAID VIDAN
D OUT RESETIN
NOTTRST TCK TDI GNDE
OUT OUT3 CLKOUT
GND_ANA
STRBIN DATAIN VCCA AUD_ANA 80V0 UMPR0 AR0OUT
VDDE2V5_
WDOG NOT AUDS AUDPCM AUDLR SYSBCLK AUDDIGLR DA_SD_0_ VDDE2V5_ GNDE_ VIDANAID VIDAN
E TMUCLK
RSTOUT ASEBRK
TMS TDO GNDE
CLKOUT OUT4 CLKOUT INALT CLKIN
PLL80_
VCCA FS0_ANA AUD_ANA UMPB0 AB0OUT
ANA
DA_SD_0_ GNDE_4F GNDE_ VIDANAID VIDANAG0

F GNDA S_ANA FS0_ANA UMPG0 OUT
FS0_ FS0_ VDDE2V5_ VDDE VDDE

G VDDD GNDD 4FS_ANA 3V3 3V3
CKGB_4F CKGB_4F VDDE2V5_ VIDDIG VIDDIG

H S1_VDDD S1_GNDD VID_ANA OUTYC[7] OUTYC[6]
CKGB_4F CKGB_4F GNDE_VID VIDDIG VIDDIG

J S0_VDDD S0_GNDD _ANA OUTYC[5] OUTYC[4]
GNDE_
DVDD DGND VIDDIG VIDDIG
K PLL80V0 PLL80V0
PLL80_
OUTYC[3] OUTYC[2]
ANA
CKGB_4F CKGB_4F VIDDIG VIDDIG

L S1_VCCA
NC
S1_GNDA OUTYC[1] OUTYC[0]
VIDDIG VIDDIG
CKGB_4F CKGB_4F
M S0_VCCA S0_GNDA
GND_ANA OUT OUT
HSYNC VSYNC
AVDD VIDDIG TMDS TMDS TMDS

N VDD VDD GND GND GND
PLL80V0 OUTYC[15] VSSD VSSC1 VSSC0
VIDDIGOU VIDDIG TMDS TMDS TMDS

P VDD GND GND GND GND
TYC[14] OUTYC[13] VSSP TX2P TX2N
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VIDDIG VIDDIG TMDS TMDS TMDS

R VDD GND GND GND VDD
OUTYC[12]OUTYC[11] GNDE TX1P TX1N
VIDDIG VIDDIG TMDS TMDS TMDS

T GND GND GND VDD VDD
OUTYC[10] OUTYC[9] REF TX0P TX0N
VIDDIGOU GNDE TMDS TMDS TMDS

U GND GND GND VDD VDD
TYC[8] 3V3 VSSSL TXCP TXCN
GNDE TMDS TMDS TMDS TMDS

V GND GND GND VDD VDD
3V3 VDD VSSCK VSSX VSSC2
TMDS TMDS TMDS TMDS TMDS

W GND GND GND VDD VDD
VDDE3V3 VDDC0 VDDCK VDDX VDDC2
TMDS
Y VDD GND GND GND VDD PIO5[6] PIO5[7]
VDDC1
PIO5[4] PIO5[3]
TMDS
AA VDD GND GND GND GND PIO4[7] PIO5[5]
VDDSL
PIO5[2] PIO5[1]
TMDS
AB VDD VDD GND GND GND PIO4[5] PIO4[6]
VDDD
PIO5[0] PIO3[7]
TMDS
AC PIO4[3] PIO4[4]
VDDP
PIO3[6] PIO3[5]
AD PIO4[1] PIO4[2] PIO4[0] PIO3[4] PIO3[3]
AE PIO2[7] PIO2[6] PIO3[0] PIO3[2] PIO3[1]
VDDE VDDE VDDE VDDE

AF VDD
3V3 3V3 3V3 3V3
GNDE GNDE GNDE

AG PIO2[4] PIO2[5]
3V3 3V3 3V3
GNDE
AH PIO2[2] PIO2[3]
3V3
PIO1[7] PIO1[6]
GNDE
AJ PIO2[0] PIO2[1]
3V3
PIO1[5] PIO1[4]
EMIT
EMIA EMI EMI EMI SYS SYS SYS SYS GNDE
AK DDR[16] ADDR[18] ADDR[20] ADDR[22]
READYOR VDDE3V3 VDDE3V3
ITRQ[0] ITRQ[1] ITRQ[2] ITRQ[3]
GND GND GND
3V3
PIO1[3] PIO1[2]
WAIT
EMI EMI EMI EMI EMIDMA USB USB USB SATA SATA SATA SATA SATA
AL ADDR[17] ADDR[19] ADDR[21] ADDR[23] REQ[1] VSSBS VDDB3V3 VDDBS VDDOSC VSSOSC VDDR[1] VDDDLL VDDREF
GND PIO0[7] PIO1[1] PIO1[0]
USB USB
EMI EMI SATAVDD SATA SATA SATA SATA
AM VDD VDD
BUSREQ BUSGNT
GND VSSP VDDBC USBREF
OSC2V5 VSSREF VSSDLL VDDR[0] REF
NC PIO0[0] PIO0[5] PIO0[6]
2V5 2V5
USB USB
EMI EMI EMI EMI EMIDMA SYSB SATA SATA SATA SATA
AN DATA[10] DATA[9] DATA[8] FLASHCLK REQ[0]
VSSC VDDP USBDP GND
CLKOSC VSSR VDDT[0] TXP RXP
GND PIO0[2] PIO0[4]
2V5 2V5
EMI EMI EMI NOT NOT USB USB SYSB SATA SATA SATA SATA
AP DATA[2] DATA[1] DATA[0] EMIBAA EMILBA VSSP VDDP
USBDM GND
CLKIN VSST VDDT[1] TXN RXN
GND PIO0[1] PIO0[3]

8.2 Alternative functions

To improve flexibility and to allow the STx7100 to fit into different set-top box application
architectures, the input and output signals from some of the peripherals and functions are not
directly connected to the pins of the device. Instead they are assigned to the alternative function
inputs and outputs of a PIO port bit, or an I/O pin. This scheme allows the pins to be configured
with their default function if the associated input or output is not required in that particular
application.
Inputs connected to the alternative function input are permanently connected to the input pin.
The output signal from a peripheral is only connected when the PIO bit is configured into either
push-pull or open drain driver alternative function mode.
Alternative function signals are available on some PIO ports.
Figure 18: I/O port pins
Pin
Push-pull
tri-state
open drain
weak pull-up
Alternative function input

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Alternative function
1 0
Alternative function output
Output latch Input latch
8.2.1 Port 0 alternative functions

PIO port 0 is occupied by the UART0/generic smartcard (SC) interface (the smartcard interface
consists of a UART and a smartcard clock generator). If not used for a smartcard, port 0 may be
used as a standard UART.
Table 9: Port 0 alternative functions
Bit Alternative function input Alternative function output

0 - SC0_DATAOUT (UART0_TXD)
1 SC0_DATAIN (UART0_RXD) -
2 - -
3 - SC0CG_CLK or DSSMCD_CLKa
4 UART0_CTS -
5 - SC0_SETVCC
6 - SC0_DIR (UART0_NOTOE)
7 SC0_DETECT UART0_RTS
a. The smartcard clock can be derived from the smartcard clock generator or
directly from clockgen B depending on the value of register SYS_CFG7[4].


PIO port 1 is occupied by:
● the UART1/generic smartcard (SC) interface (the smartcard interface consists of a UART
and a smartcard clock generator),
● the NRSS-A interface,
● an extended reset output.

0 - SC1_DATAOUT (UART_1_TXD)
1 SC1_DATAIN (UART_1_RXD) -
2 SC1_EXTCLKIN -
3 - SC1CG_CLK or DSSMCD_CLKa
4 UART1_CTS NRSSA_CLKOUT
5 NRSSA_DATAIN UART1_RTS
6 LONG_TIME_RST_OUT SC1_DIR (UART1_NOTOE)
7 - NRSSA_DATAOUT
a. the smartcard clock can be derived from the smartcard clock generator or
directly from clockgen B depending on the value of SYS_CFG7[5].
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● the SSC0 interface with I2C/SPI half-duplex/full-duplex modes selectable by the
SYS_CFG7[1] bit value,
● the MAFE interface,
● the digital video blanking output (DVBO) selectable by the SYS_CFG7[10] bit value).
Alternative function input Alternative function output

Bit SYS_CFG7[1] = 0 SYS_CFG7[1]= 1 SYS_CFG7[10] = 0 SYS_CFG7[10] = 1
SYS_CFG7[1] = 0 SYS_CFG7[1]= 1
0 SSC0_SCL SSC0_SCL DVO_BLANK
1 SSC0_MTSR SSC0_MRST SSC0_MTSR SSC0_MRST -
2 SSC0_MRST SSC0_MRST -
3 - MAFE_HC1 -
4 - MAFE_DOUT -
5 MAFE_DIN - -
6 MAFE_FS - -
7 MAFE_SCLK - -


● the SSC1 interface with I2C/SPI half-duplex/full-duplex modes selectable by the
SYS_CFG7[2] bit value,
● the IR Blaster interface,
● the video horizontal and vertical synchro outputs selectable by the SYS_CFG7[10] bit value,
the selection between the main and aux timing generators being done using
SYS_CFG7[11].
The SSC1 and video synchro outputs are multiplexed, selectable by the SYS_CFG7[10] bit
value.
Table 12: PIO port 3 alternative functions
Bit SYS_CFG7[2] SYS_CFG7[2] SYS_CFG7[10] = 0 SYS_CFG7[10] = 1

=0 =1
SYS_CFG7[2] SYS_CFG7[2] SYS_CFG7[11] SYS_CFG7[11]
=0 =1 =0 =1
0 SSC1_SCL SSC1_SCL VTG_MAIN_HREF VTG_AUX_HREF
1 SSC1_MTSR SSC1_MRST SSC1_MTSR SSC1_MRST VTG_MAIN_VREF VTG_AUX_VREF
2 SSC1_MRST SSC1_MRST VTG_MAIN_NTOP VTG_AUX_NTOP
3 IRB_IR_IN -
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4 IRB_UHF_IN -
5 - IRB_IR_DATAOUT
6 - IRB_IR_DATAOUT_OD
7 DENC_CFC - -


● the SSC2 interface with I2C full-duplex mode, selectable by the SYS_CFG7[3] bit value,
● UART2 multiplexed with the SCIF interface from the ST40, selectable by the SYS_CFG7[0]
bit value,
● the PWM0/PWM1 outputs.
Table 13: PIO port 4 alternative functions - bits 0 to 1

Bit
SYS_CFG7[3] = 0 SYS_CFG7[3] = 1 SYS_CFG7[3] = 0 SYS_CFG7[3] = 1
0 SSC2_SCL SSC2_SCL
1 SSC2_MTSR SSC2_MRST SSC2_MTSR SSC2_MRST
Table 14: PIO port 4 alternative functions - bits 2 to 7

Bit
SYS_CFG7[0] = 0 SYS_CFG7[0] = 1 SYS_CFG7[0] = 0 SYS_CFG7[0] = 1
2 UART2_RXD SCI_RXD -
3 - UART2_TXD SCI_TXD
4 UART2_CTS SCI_CTS SCI_CTS
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5 SCI_RTS UART2_RTS SCI_RTS

6 SCI_SCK PWM_OUT0 SCI_SCK
7 - PWM_OUT1


● the UART3,
● the observation of the clocks generated by clock generator B,
● the PWM capture and compare signals,
● the DiSEqC interface,
● the USB2 power-enable and over-current signals.
Table 15: PIO port 5 alternative functions

0 - UART3_TXD
1 UART3_RXD -
2 UART3_CTS SYSCLKOUTB
3 - UART3_RTS
4 DISEQC_RX_DATAIN PWM_COMPAREOUT0
5 PWM_CAPTUREIN0 DISEQC_TX_DATAOUT
6 USB2_PRT_OVRCUR PWM_COMPAREOUT1
7 PWM_CAPTUREIN1 USB2_PRT_PWR
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STx7100 9 Connections
9 Connections
This chapter contains detail of pins, alternative functions and connection diagrams, listed in the
following functional groups:
● power supplies (analog and digital) on page 84,
● system on page 92,
● JTAG on page 92,
● transport input including NRSS-A interface and D1 input on page 93,
● display digital output interface on page 95,
● display analog output interface on page 96,
● HDMI interface on page 96,
● audio digital interface on page 97,
● audio analog interface on page 97,
● programmable I/O (PIO) on page 98,
● external memory interface (EMI) on page 99,
● system local memory interface (LMISYS) on page 102,
● video local memory interface (LMIVID) on page 104,
● USB2 interface on page 106,

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● SATA-I interface on page 107,
● peripherals:
• DAA interface on page 108,

• asynchronous serial controller (ASC) on page 109,
• infrared transmitter/receiver on page 109,
• modem analog front-end interface on page 110,
• PWM on page 110,
• smartcard on page 111,
• synchronous serial controller (SSC) on page 111,
• DiSEqC™ 2.0 interface on page 112.

9 Connections STx7100
9.1 Power supplies

Table 16: Power/ground pins, including decoupling requirements
Volt
Pin Assignment I/O Description Decoupling
age
USB2
AL24 USBVDDB3V3 P 3.3 USB1.1 mode buffer power TBD
AM24 USBVDDBC2V5 P 2.5 USB2 2.5 V buffer power TBD
AN23 USBVSSC2V5 G 0 USB2 2.5 V buffer ground
AL25 USBVDDBS P 1.0 USB2 buffer/serdes power TBD
AL23 USBVSSBS G 0 USB2 buffer/serdes ground
AN24 USBVDDP2V5 P 2.5 USB2 2.5 V PLL power TBD
AM23 USBVSSP2V5 G 0 USB2 2.5 V PLL ground
AP24 USBVDDP P 1.0 USB2 PLL power TBD
AP23 USBVSSP G 0 USB2 PLL ground
SATA-I
AN29 SATAVDDT[0] P 1.0 SATA transmitter power 10 nF + 100 pF
AP29 SATAVDDT[1] P 1.0 SATA transmitter power 10 nF + 100 pF
AP28 SATAVSST G 0 SATA transmitter ground -
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AM29 SATAVDDR[0] P 1.0 SATA receiver power 10 nF + 100 pF

AL28 SATAVDDR[1] P 1.0 SATA receiver power 10 nF + 100 pF
AN28 SATAVSSR G 0 SATA receiver ground -
AL30 SATAVDDREF P 1.0 SATA compensation power 10 nF + 100 pF
AM27 SATAVSSREF G 0 SATA compensation ground -
AM26 SATAVDDOSC2V5 P 2.5 SATA 2.5 V oscillator power 10 nF + 100 pF
AL26 SATAVDDOSC P 1.0 SATA 1.0 V oscillator power 10 nF + 100 pF
AL27 SATAVSSOSC G 0 SATA oscillator ground -
AL29 SATAVDDDLL P 1.0 SATA DLL power 10 nF + 100 pF
AM28 SATAVSSDLL G 0 SATA DLL ground -
TMDS
W31 TMDSVDDC0 P 1.0 TMDS data0 channel power TBD
N34 TMDSVSSC0 G 0 TMDS data0 channel ground
Y32 TMDSVDDC1 P 1.0 TMDS data1 channel power TBD
N33 TMDSVSSC1 G 0 TMDS data1 channel ground
W34 TMDSVDDC2 P 1.0 TMDS data2 channel power TBD
V34 TMDSVSSC2 G 0 TMDS data2 channel ground
W32 TMDSVDDCK P 1.0 TMDS clock channel power TBD
V32 TMDSVSSCK G 0 TMDS clock channel ground
AC32 TMDSVDDP P 1.0 TMDS serializer power TBD
P32 TMDSVSSP G 0 TMDS serializer ground
W33 TMDSVDDX P 1.0 TMDS DLL power TBD
V33 TMDSVSSX G 0 TMDS DLL ground
AA32 TMDSVDDSL P 1.0 TMDS deserializer power TBD
U32 TMDSVSSSL G 0

Volt
age
AB32 TMDSVDDD P 1.0 TMDS DLL2 power TBD
N32 TMDSVSSD G 0 TMDS DLL2 ground
W30 TMDSVDDE3V3 P 3.3 TMDS 3.3 V power TBD
R32 TMDSGNDE G 0 TMDS 3.3 V ground
V31 TMDSVDD P 1.0 TMDS 1.0 V power TBD
VDAC
D30 DA_HD_0_VCCA P 2.5 VDAC0 power TBD
C32 DA_HD_0_GNDA G 0 VDAC0 ground
E30 DA_SD_0_VCCA P 2.5 VDAC1 power TBD
F30 DA_SD_0_GNDA G 0 VDAC1 ground
H32 VDDE2V5_VID_ANA P 2.5 VDAC ring power TBD
J32 GNDE_VID_ANA G 0 VDAC ring ground
ADAC
B29 AUD_VCCA P 2.5 ADAC power TBD
A30 AUD_GNDA G 0 ADAC ground
B30 AUD_GNDAS G 0 ADAC substrate ground
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D31 VDDE2V5_AUD_ANA P 2.5 ADAC ring power TBD

E32 GNDE_AUD_ANA G 0 ADAC ring ground
CLOCKGENA
B1 CKGA_PLL1_AVDDPLL2V5 P 2.5 PLL1 analog power TBD
D1 CKGA_PLL1_AGNDPLL2V5 G 0 PLL1 analog ground
F3 CKGA_PLL1_DVDDPLL1V0 P 1.0 PLL1 digital power TBD
D3 CKGA_PLL1_DGNDPLL1V0 G 0 PLL1 digital ground
C2 CKGA_PLL2_AVDDPLL2V5 P 2.5 PLL2 analog power TBD
D2 CKGA_PLL2_AGNDPLL2V5 G 0 PLL2 analog ground
E4 CKGA_PLL2_DVDDPLL1V0 P 1.0 PLL2 digital power TBD
E3 CKGA_PLL2_DGNDPLL1V0 G 0 PLL2 digital ground
C3 CKGA_PLL_VDDE2V5 P 2.5 PLL ring power TBD
CLOCKGENB
M30 CKGB_4FS0_VCCA P 2.5 CKGB QFS0 analog power TBD
M31 CKGB_4FS0_GNDA G 0 CKGB QFS0 analog ground
J30 CKGB_4FS0_VDDD P 1.0 CKGB QFS0 digital power TBD
J31 CKGB_4FS0_GNDD G 0 CKGB QFS0 digital ground
L30 CKGB_4FS1_VCCA P 2.5 CKGB QFS1 analog power TBD
L32 CKGB_4FS1_GNDA G 0 CKGB QFS1 analog ground
H30 CKGB_4FS1_VDDD P 1.0 CKGB QFS1 digital power TBD
H31 CKGB_4FS1_GNDD G 0 CKGB QFS1 digital ground
G32 VDDE2V5_4FS_ANA P 2.5 CKGB ring power TBD
F31 GNDE_4FS_ANA G 0 CKGB ring ground
N30 AVDDPLL80v0 P 2.5 PLL3 analog power TBD
D32 AGNDPLL80v0 G 0 PLL3 analog ground

Volt
age
K30 DVDDPLL80v0 P 1.0 PLL3 digital power TBD
K31 DGNDPLL80v0 G 0 PLL3 digital ground
E29 VDDE2V5_PLL80_ANA P 2.5 PLL3 ring power TBD
K32 GNDE_PLL80_ANA G 0 PLL3 ring ground
CLOCKGENC
C29 FS0_VCCA P 2.5 CKGC FS0 analog power TBD
C31 FS0_GNDA G 0 CKGC FS0 analog ground
G30 FS0_VDDD P 1.0 CKGC FS0 digital power TBD
G31 FS0_GNDD G 0 CKGC FS0 digital ground
E31 VDDE2V5_FS0_ANA P 2.5 CKGC ring power TBD
F32 GNDE_FS0_ANA G 0 CKGC ring ground
LMI
T1 LMISYSVDDE2V5 P 2.5 LMISYS powera TBD
T2
U3
V3
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W3
Y3
Y4
AA3
AA5
AB3
AC3
H4 LMISYSDLL_VDD P 1.0 LMISYS DLL power TBD
G3 LMISYSDLL_VSS G 0 LMISYS DLL ground
C4 LMIVIDVDDE2V5 P 2.5 LMISYS powerb TBD
C5
C6
C7
C8
C9
C10
C13
D12
E12
A12 LMIVIDDLL_VDD P 1.0 LMIVID DLL power TBD
C12 LMIVIDDLL_VSS G 0 LMIVID DLL ground
Analog
D27 GND_ANA G 0 Analog ring ground
M32

Volt
age
Digital 1.0 V
F4 VDD P 1.0 Digital 1.0 V ring power TBD
F5
G4
N16
N17
N18
N19
P17
P18
R13
R17
R18
R22
T13
T14
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T21
T22
U13
U14
U21
U22
V13
V14
V21
V22
W13
W14
W21
W22
Y13
Y17
Y18
Y22
AA17
AA18
AB16
AB17

Volt
age
AB18 VDD P 1.0 Digital 1.0 V ring power TBD
AB19
AF30
AK16
AL16
AM16
AM17
AM18
AM19
AN16
AP16
H3 GND G 0 Digital ring ground TBD
N13
N14
N15
N20
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N21
N22
P13
P14
P15
P16
P19
P20
P21
P22
R14
R15
R16
R19
R20
R21
T15
T16
T17
T18
T19
T20
U15 GND G 0 Digital ring ground TBD
U16
U17

Volt
age
U18 GND G 0 Digital ring ground TBD
U19
U20
V15
V16
V17
V18
V19
V20
W15
W16
W17
W18
W19
W20
Y14
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Y15
Y16
Y19
Y20
Y21
AA13
AA14
AA15
AA16
AA19
AA20
AA21
AA22
AB13
AB14
AB15
AB20
AB21
AB22
AK29
AK30
AK31
AL31
AM22
AN26

Volt
age
AN32 GND G 0 Digital ring ground TBD
AP26
AP32
Digital 2.5 V/3.3 V
AK3 VDDE2V5 P 2.5 Digital 2.5 V ring power TBD
AK7
AL7
AM7
AN7
A26 VDDE3V3 P 3.3 Digital 3.3 V ring power TBD
B26
C26
G33
G34
AF31
AF32
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AF33
AF34
AK23
AK24
AM9
AM10
AM11
AM12
AM13
AM14
AM15
AN8
AP7
A24 GNDE G 0 Digital ring ground (common to 2.5 V TBD
and 3.5 V rings)
B24
C14
C15
C16
C17
C18
C19
C20
C21
C22
C23

Volt
age
C24 GNDE G 0 Digital ring ground (common to 2.5 V TBD
and 3.5 V rings)
D23
E23
J3
K3
L3
M3
N3
P3
R3
R4
R5
T3
V30
U31
AD3
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AE3
AF3
AG3
AG32
AG33
AG34
AH3
AH32
AJ3
AJ32
AK4
AK5
AK32
AL4
AL5
AM4
AM6
AN4
AN6
AP4
AP6
a. LMISYS_VDDE may require a 2.6 V +/- 0.1 V supply depending on the DDR part.
b. LMISYS_VDDE may require a 2.6 V +/- 0.1 V supply depending on the DDR part.

9.2 System
Table 17: System pins
Volt
age
C1 SYSACLKIN I 2.5 First system clock (27 MHz) system clocks
AP27 SYSBCLKIN I 2.5 Second system clock (30 MHz) oscillator
AN27 SYSBCLKOSC O 2.5
E27 SYSBCLKINALT I 3.3 Second system alternate clock (30 MHz)
E17 SYSCLKOUT O 3.3 Programmable output clock for debug
D16 RTCCLKIN I 3.3 Real time clock
E18 TMUCLK I/O 3.3 ST40 timer clock
D19 NOTRESETIN I 3.3 System reset system reset
E19 WDOGRSTOUT O 3.3 Internal watchdog timer reset
E20 NOTASEBRK I/O 3.3 ST40 debugger breakpoint CPUs debug
D17 TRIGGERIN I 3.3 ST231 debugger controller in
D18 TRIGGEROUT O 3.3 ST231 debugger controller out
AK25 SYSITRQ[0] I/O 3.3 Interrupt line Interrupts
AK26 SYSITRQ[1]
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AK27 SYSITRQ[2]
AK28 SYSITRQ[3]
E16 NMI I 3.3 Nonmaskable interrupt
Table 18: System pin mapping
Volt PIO
Pin Assignment I/O Description
age assignment
AH34 LONG_TIME_RST_OUT I 3.3 Long time reset out PIO1[6]
AA33 SYSCLKOUT0 O 3.3 First system clock PIO5[2]
See Chapter 17: Clocks on page 147 for more information.
9.3 JTAG
Table 19: JTAG pins
Volt
Pin Assignment I/O Description Comments
age
D22 TDI I 3.3 CPUs debug port and TAP data input no internal pull-
up or pull-down
E21 TMS I 3.3 CPUs debug port and TAP mode select
resistors
D21 TCK I 3.3 CPUs debug port and TAP clock
D20 NOTTRST I 3.3 CPUs debug port and TAP logic reset
E22 TDO O 3.3 CPUs debug port and TAP data output

9.4 Transport, NRSS-A and D1 input interface

Table 20: Transport pins
Volt
age
AK6 TSIN0BYTECLK I 3.3 TSIN0 control signals TSIN 0 parallel
stream
AJ5 TSIN0BYTECLKVALID
AH4 TSIN0ERROR
AJ4 TSIN0PACKETCLK
AH5 TSIN0DATA[0] I 3.3 TSIN0 parallel bit 0 or serial data in
AG4 TSIN0DATA[1] I 3.3 TSIN0 parallel data in
AK1 TSIN0DATA[2]
AK2 TSIN0DATA[3]
AJ1 TSIN0DATA[4]
AJ2 TSIN0DATA[5]
AH1 TSIN0DATA[6]
AH2 TSIN0DATA[7]
AG5 TSIN1BYTECLK I 3.3 TSIN1 control signals TSIN 1 parallel
stream
AF5 TSIN1BYTECLKVALID
or
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AE4 TSIN1ERROR D1 input

AF4 TSIN1PACKETCLK
AE5 TSIN1DATA[0] I 3.3 TSIN0 parallel bit 0 or serial data in
AD4 TSIN1DATA[1] I 3.3 TSIN0 parallel data in
AD5 TSIN1DATA[2]
AC4 TSIN1DATA[3]
AC5 TSIN1DATA[4]
AB4 TSIN1DATA[5]
AB5 TSIN1DATA[6]
AA4 TSIN1DATA[7]
AM3 TSIN2BYTECLK I/O 3.3 TSIN 2/1394 control signals TSIN 2 parallel
stream
AN3 TSIN2BYTECLKVALID
AP2 TSIN2ERROR
AP3 TSIN2PACKETCLK
AP1 TSIN2DATA[0] I/O 3.3 TSIN2/1394 parallel bit 0 or serial data in
AN2 TSIN2DATA[1] I/O 3.3 TSIN2/1394 parallel data
AN1 TSIN2DATA[2]
AM2 TSIN2DATA[3]
AM1 TSIN2DATA[4]
AL2 TSIN2DATA[5]
AL1 TSIN2DATA[6]
AL3 TSIN2DATA[7]

Table 21: D1 video input mapping
Volt
age
AF5 VIDINCLKIN I 3.3 27 or 54 MHz pixel clock input TSIN1BYTECLKVALID
AG5 VIDINHSYNCIN I 3.3 Horizontal synchro input TSIN1BYTECLK
AF4 VIDINVSYNCIN I 3.3 Vertical synchro input TSIN1PACKETCLK
AA4 VIDINDATAIN[7] I 3.3 Single CCIR656 video or muxed TSIN1DATA[7]
YCbCr SD pixel data in
AB5 VIDINDATAIN[6] TSIN1DATA[6]
AB4 VIDINDATAIN[5] TSIN1DATA[5]
AC5 VIDINDATAIN[4] TSIN1DATA[4]
AC4 VIDINDATAIN[3] TSIN1DATA[3]
AD5 VIDINDATAIN[2] TSIN1DATA[2]
AD4 VIDINDATAIN[1] TSIN1DATA[1]
AE5 VIDINDATAIN[0] TSIN1DATA[0]
Table 22: NRSS-A interface
Volt PIO
age assignment
AJ33 NRSSA_DATAIN I 3.3 NRSS-A interface input PIO1[5]
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AH33 NRSSA_DATAOUT O 3.3 NRSS-A interface output PIO1[7]

AJ34 NRSSA_CLKOUT O 3.3 NRSS-A clock PIO1[4]

9.5 Display digital output interface

Table 23: Display digital output pins
Volt
age
M33 VIDDIGOUTHSYNC O 3.3 Horizontal display reference
M34 VIDDIGOUTVSYNC O 3.3 Vertical display reference
L34 VIDDIGOUTYC[0] O 3.3 Digital display output
L33 VIDDIGOUTYC[1]
K34 VIDDIGOUTYC[2]
K33 VIDDIGOUTYC[3]
J34 VIDDIGOUTYC[4]
J33 VIDDIGOUTYC[5]
H34 VIDDIGOUTYC[6]
H33 VIDDIGOUTYC[7]
U30 VIDDIGOUTYC[8]
T31 VIDDIGOUTYC[9]
T30 VIDDIGOUTYC[10]
R31 VIDDIGOUTYC[11]
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R30 VIDDIGOUTYC[12]
P31 VIDDIGOUTYC[13]
P30 VIDDIGOUTYC[14]
N31 VIDDIGOUTYC[15]
Table 24: Display digital output pin mapping
Volt PIO
age assignment
AE33 VTG_MAIN_NTOP_BOT O 3.3 Video timing generator output PIO3[2]
AE34 VTG_MAIN_VREF O 3.3 PIO3[1]
AE32 VTG_MAIN_HREF O 3.3 PIO3[0]
AE33 VTG_AUX_NTOP_BOT O 3.3 PIO3[2]
AE34 VTG_AUX_VREF O 3.3 PIO3[1]
AE32 VTG_AUX_HREF O 3.3 PIO3[0]
AJ30 DVO_BLANK O 3.3 DVO output PIO2[0]

9.6 Display analog output interface

Table 25: Display analog output pins
Volt
age
D34 VIDANAR0OUT O 2.5 Analog display0 red output Connect an external
140 Ω 1% resistor to
F34 VIDANAG0OUT O 2.5 Analog display0 green output
analog ground
E34 VIDANAB0OUT O 2.5 Analog display0 blue output
D33 VIDANAIDUMPR0 O 2.5 Analog display0 current return red Connect to analog
output ground
F33 VIDANAIDUMPG0 O 2.5 Analog display0 current return green
output
E33 VIDANAIDUMPB0 O 2.5 Analog display0 current return blue
output
A34 VIDANAC1OUT O 2.5 Analog display1 chrominance output Connect an external
C34 VIDANACV1OUT O 2.5 Analog display1 CVBS output
analog ground
B34 VIDANAY1OUT O 2.5 Analog display1 luminance output
A33 VIDANAIDUMPC1 O 2.5 Analog display0 current return Connect to analog
chrominance output ground
C33 VIDANAIDUMPCV1 O 2.5 Analog display0 current return CVBS
output
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B33 VIDANAIDUMPY1 O 2.5 Analog display0 current return

luminance output
A31 VIDANAREXT[0] A - DAC external resistor interface Connect an external
7.72 kΩ 1% resistor to
A32 VIDANAREXT[1]
VIDANAGNDAREXT
B31 VIDANAGNDAREXT[0] A - DAC external resistor ground
interface
B32 VIDANAGNDAREXT[1]
9.7 HDMI interface

Table 26: HDMI pins
Volt
age
U33 TMDSTXCP O TMDS TMDS Control plus
U34 TMDSTXCN O TMDS TMDS Control minus
T33 TMDSTX0P O TMDS TMDS Data0 plus
T34 TMDSTX0N O TMDS TMDS Data0l minus
R33 TMDSTX1P O TMDS TMDS Data1 plus
R34 TMDSTX1N O TMDS TMDS Data1 minus
P33 TMDSTX2P O TMDS TMDS Data2 plus
P34 TMDSTX2N O TMDS TMDS Data2 minus
T32 TMDSREF A - TMDS voltage reference

9.8 Audio digital interface

Table 27: Audio digital pins
Volt
age
D29 AUDDIGDATAIN I 3.3 Serial audio input PCM input
D28 AUDDIGDSTRBIN I 3.3 Strobe for serial audio input
E28 AUDDIGDLRCLKIN I 3.3 Left/right channel select input
A25 AUDPCMOUT0 O 3.3 PCM data0a Audio digital output
B25 AUDPCMOUT1 O 3.3 PCM data1a

C25 AUDPCMOUT2 O 3.3 PCM data2a
D25 AUDPCMOUT3 O 3.3 PCM data3a
E25 AUDPCMOUT4 O 3.3 PCM data4a
D26 AUDPCMCLKOUT I/O 3.3 PCM clock in/out
(usually 256 Fs or 384 Fs)
E26 AUDLRCLKOUT O 3.3 left/right channel select output
E24 AUDSCLKOUT O 3.3 1st audio DAC clock output (32 or 64
Fs)
D24 AUDSPDIFOUT O 3.3 S/PDIF digital output
Confidential
a. Data content is s/w programmable.
9.9 Audio analog interface

Table 28: Audio analog pins
Volt
age
A27 AUDANAPLEFTOUT O 2.5 DAC left channel positive differential
output
B27 AUDANAMLEFTOUT O 2.5 DAC left channel negative differential
out
A28 AUDANAPRIGHTOUT O 2.5 DAC right channel positive differential
out
B28 AUDANAMRIGHTOUT O 2.5 DAC right channel negative
differential out
C27 AUDANAIREF A - DAC output reference current Connect an external
AUD_GNDA
C28 AUDANAVBGFIL A - DAC filtered input reference voltage Connect an external 10
µF capacitance to
AUD_GNDA

9.10 Programmable inputs/outputs

Table 29: PIO pins
Volt
age
AM32 PIO0[0] I/O 3.3 Programmable input/output
AP33 PIO0[1]
AN33 PIO0[2]
AP34 PIO0[3]
AN34 PIO0[4]
AM33 PIO0[5]
AM34 PIO0[6]
AL32 PIO0[7]
AL34 PIO1[0] I/O 3.3 Programmable input/output
AL33 PIO1[1]
AK34 PIO1[2]
AK33 PIO1[3]
AJ34 PIO1[4]
AJ33 PIO1[5]
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AH34 PIO1[6]
AH33 PIO1[7]
AJ30 PIO2[0] I/O 3.3 Programmable input/output
AJ31 PIO2[1]
AH30 PIO2[2]
AH31 PIO2[3]
AG30 PIO2[4]
AG31 PIO2[5]
AE31 PIO2[6]
AE30 PIO2[7]
AE32 PIO3[0] I/O 3.3 Programmable input/output
AE34 PIO3[1]
AE33 PIO3[2]
AD34 PIO3[3]
AD33 PIO3[4]
AC34 PIO3[5]
AC33 PIO3[6]
AB34 PIO3[7]

Table 29: PIO pins
Volt
age
AD32 PIO4[0] I/O 3.3 Programmable input/output
AD30 PIO4[1]
AD31 PIO4[2]
AC30 PIO4[3]
AC31 PIO4[4]
AB30 PIO4[5]
AB31 PIO4[6]
AA30 PIO4[7]
AB33 PIO5[0] I/O 3.3 Programmable input/output
AA34 PIO5[1]
AA33 PIO5[2]
Y34 PIO5[3]
Y33 PIO5[4]
AA31 PIO5[5]
Y30 PIO5[6]
Y31 PIO5[7]
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9.11 External memory interface (EMI)

Table 30: EMI pins
Volt
age
AK9 NOTEMICSA O 3.3 Peripheral chip select A
AL8 NOTEMICSB O 3.3 Peripheral chip select B
AM8 NOTEMICSC O 3.3 Peripheral chip select C
AP8 NOTEMICSD O 3.3 Peripheral chip select D
AK8 NOTEMICSE O 3.3 Peripheral chip select E
AP11 NOTEMIBE[0] O 3.3 External device databus byte enable
AN11 NOTEMIBE[1]
AP10 NOTEMIOE O 3.3 External device output enable
AP22 NOTEMILBA O 3.3 Flash device load burst address
AP21 NOTEMIBAA O 3.3 Flash burst address advanced
AK22 EMITREADYORWAIT I 3.3 External memory device target ready
indicator
AN10 EMIRDNOTWR O 3.3 External read/write access indicator.
Common to all devices

Table 30: EMI pins
Volt
age
AP20 EMIDATA[0] I/O 3.3 External common data bus
AP19 EMIDATA[1]
AP18 EMIDATA[2]
AP17 EMIDATA[3]
AP15 EMIDATA[4]
AP14 EMIDATA[5]
AP13 EMIDATA[6]
AP12 EMIDATA[7]
AN20 EMIDATA[8]
AN19 EMIDATA[9]
AN18 EMIDATA[10]
AN17 EMIDATA[11]
AN15 EMIDATA[12]
AN14 EMIDATA[13
AN13 EMIDATA[14]
AN12 EMIDATA[15]
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AL9 EMIADDR[1] O 3.3 External common address bus 23-bit addressa

AK10 EMIADDR[2]
AL10 EMIADDR[3]
AK11 EMIADDR[4]
AL11 EMIADDR[5]
AK12 EMIADDR[6]
AL12 EMIADDR[7]
AK13 EMIADDR[8]
AL13 EMIADDR[9]
AK14 EMIADDR[10]
AL14 EMIADDR[11]
AK15 EMIADDR[12]
AL15 EMIADDR[13]
AK17 EMIADDR[14]
AL17 EMIADDR[15]
AK18 EMIADDR[16]
AL18 EMIADDR[17]
AK19 EMIADDR[18]
AL19 EMIADDR[19]

Table 30: EMI pins
Volt
age
AK20 EMIADDR[20] O 3.3 External common address bus 23-bit addressa
AL20 EMIADDR[21]
AK21 EMIADDR[22]
AL21 EMIADDR[23]
AN21 EMIFLASHCLK O 3.3 Flash clock
AN22 EMIDMAREQ[0] I 3.3 DMA request
AL22 EMIDMAREQ[1]
AM20 EMIBUSREQ I/O 3.3 Bus access request for master/
slave
AM21 EMIBUSGNT I/O 3.3 Bus access grant
configuration
a. No pull-up. External resistors define mode at boot.

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9.12 System local memory interface (LMISYS)

Table 31: System LMI pins
Volt
age
U1 LMISYSCLK O 2.5 Clock to DDR
U2 NOTLMISYSCLK O 2.5 Inverted clock to DDR
L4 NOTLMISYSCS[0] O 2.5 Chip select
M5 NOTLMISYSCS[1]
K5 NOTLMISYSRAS O 2.5 Row address strobe
J4 NOTLMISYSCAS O 2.5 Column address strobe
J5 NOTLMISYSWE O 2.5 Write enable
M4 LMISYSADD[0] O 2.5 Address
N5 LMISYSADD[1]
N4 LMISYSADD[2]
P5 LMISYSADD[3]
U4 LMISYSADD[4]
V5 LMISYSADD[5]
V4 LMISYSADD[6]
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W5 LMISYSADD[7]
W4 LMISYSADD[8]
U5 LMISYSADD[9]
P4 LMISYSADD[10]
T5 LMISYSADD[11]
T4 LMISYSADD[12]
K4 LMISYSBKSEL[0] O 2.5 Bank select
L5 LMISYSBKSEL[1]
V1 LMISYSDATA[0] I/O 2.5 Bidirectional data bus
V2 LMISYSDATA[1]
W1 LMISYSDATA[2]
W2 LMISYSDATA[3]
Y1 LMISYSDATA[4]
Y2 LMISYSDATA[5]
AA1 LMISYSDATA[6]
AA2 LMISYSDATA[7]
E2 LMISYSDATA[8]
E1 LMISYSDATA[9]
F2 LMISYSDATA[10]
F1 LMISYSDATA[11]
G2 LMISYSDATA[12]
G1 LMISYSDATA[13]
H2 LMISYSDATA[14]
H1 LMISYSDATA[15]
AD1 LMISYSDATA[16]
AD2 LMISYSDATA[17]

Table 31: System LMI pins
Volt
age
AE1 LMISYSDATA[18] I/O 2.5 Bidirectional data bus
AE2 LMISYSDATA[19]
AF1 LMISYSDATA[20]
AF2 LMISYSDATA[21]
AG1 LMISYSDATA[22]
AG2 LMISYSDATA[23]
L2 LMISYSDATA[24]
L1 LMISYSDATA[25]
M2 LMISYSDATA[26]
M1 LMISYSDATA[27]
N2 LMISYSDATA[28]
N1 LMISYSDATA[29]
P2 LMISYSDATA[30]
P1 LMISYSDATA[31]
AB2 LMISYSDATAMASK[0] O 2.5 Data write mask
J1 LMISYSDATAMASK[1] O 2.5 Data write mask
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AC1 LMISYSDATAMASK[2] O 2.5 Data write mask

K2 LMISYSDATAMASK[3] O 2.5 Data write mask
AB1 LMISYSDATASTROBE[0] I/O 2.5 Write/read data strobe
J2 LMISYSDATASTROBE[1]
AC2 LMISYSDATASTROBE[2]
K1 LMISYSDATASTROBE[3]
H5 LMISYSVREF I 2.5 SSTL reference voltage
Y5 LMISYSCLKEN O 2.5 Memory clock enable
R1 LMISYSREF A - LMISYS ring compensation a
R2 LMISYSGNDBCOMP A - LMISYS ring compensation ground
a. External 120 kΩ resistor to LMISYS_GNDBCOMP

9.13 Video local memory interface (LMIVID)

Table 32: Video local memory pins
Volt
age
A13 LMIVIDCLK O 2.5 Clock to DDR
B13 NOTLMIVIDCLK O 2.5 Inverted clock to DDR
D11 NOTLMIVIDCS[0] O 2.5 Chip select
E11 NOTLMIVIDCS[1]
E14 NOTLMIVIDRAS O 2.5 Row address strobe
D15 NOTLMIVIDCAS O 2.5 Column address strobe
E15 NOTLMIVIDWE O 2.5 Write enable
E10 LMIVIDADD[0] O 2.5 Address
D10 LMIVIDADD[1]
E9 LMIVIDADD[2]
D9 LMIVIDADD[3]
D6 LMIVIDADD[4]
E6 LMIVIDADD[5]
D5 LMIVIDADD[6]
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E5 LMIVIDADD[7]
D4 LMIVIDADD[8]
E7 LMIVIDADD[9]
D8 LMIVIDADD[10]
E8 LMIVIDADD[11]
D7 LMIVIDADD[12]
D14 LMIVIDBKSEL[0] O 2.5 Bank select
E13 LMIVIDBKSEL[1]
A14 LMIVIDDATA[0] I/O 2.5 Bidirectional data bus
B14 LMIVIDDATA[1]
A15 LMIVIDDATA[2]
B15 LMIVIDDATA[3]
A16 LMIVIDDATA[4]
B16 LMIVIDDATA[5]
A17 LMIVIDDATA[6]
B17 LMIVIDDATA[7]
A1 LMIVIDDATA[8]
B2 LMIVIDDATA[9]
A2 LMIVIDDATA[10]
B3 LMIVIDDATA[11]
A3 LMIVIDDATA[12]
B4 LMIVIDDATA[13]
A4 LMIVIDDATA[14]
B5 LMIVIDDATA[15]
A20 LMIVIDDATA[16]
B20 LMIVIDDATA[17]

Table 32: Video local memory pins
Volt
age
A21 LMIVIDDATA[18] I/O 2.5 Bidirectional data bus
B21 LMIVIDDATA[19]
A22 LMIVIDDATA[20]
B22 LMIVIDDATA[21]
A23 LMIVIDDATA[22]
B23 LMIVIDDATA[23]
A7 LMIVIDDATA[24]
B8 LMIVIDDATA[25]
A8 LMIVIDDATA[26]
B9 LMIVIDDATA[27]
A9 LMIVIDDATA[28]
B10 LMIVIDDATA[29]
A10 LMIVIDDATA[30]
A11 LMIVIDDATA[31]
B18 LMIVIDDATAMASK[0] O 2.5 Data write mask
B6 LMIVIDDATAMASK[1]
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A19 LMIVIDDATAMASK[2]
A6 LMIVIDDATAMASK[3]
A18 LMIVIDDATASTROBE[0] I/O 2.5 Write/read data strobe
A5 LMIVIDDATASTROBE[1]
B19 LMIVIDDATASTROBE[2]
B7 LMIVIDDATASTROBE[3]
C11 LMIVIDVREF I 2.5 SSTL reference voltage
D13 LMIVIDCLKEN O 2.5 Memory clock enable
B12 LMIVIDREF A - LMIVID ring compensation a
B11 LMIVIDGNDBCOMP A - LMIVID ring compensation ground
a. External 120 kΩ resistor to LMIVID_GNDBCOMP

9.14 USB 2.0 interface

Table 33: USB pins
Volt
age
AN25 USBDP I/O 2.5 USB receive plus
AP25 USBDM I/O 2.5 USB receive minus
AM25 USBREF I 2.5 USB voltage reference a
a. Connect an external 12 kΩ 1% resistor to USBVSS2V5
Table 34: USB pin mapping
Volt PIO
age assignment
Y30 USB2_PRT_OVRCUR I 3.3 USB 2.0 interface PIO5[6]
Y31 USB2_PRT_PWR O 3.3 PIO5[7]
Figure 19 shows an example application circuit.
Figure 19: USB 2.0 application circuit

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+5 V
Power switch
Input OUT1
STx7100
EN1 NOC1
USB_PWRCTRL EN2 OUT2
4.7 kΩ GND NOC2
+5 V
USB_OVERCURRENT
USB
VBUS
400 mV (High speed), 3.3 V (Low speed and full speed)
USBDM DM
400 mV (High speed), 3.3 V (Low speed and full speed)
USBDP DP
USBRREF GND
12 kΩ SHIELD
SHIELD
Shield

9.15 SATA-I interface

Table 35: SATA pins
Volt
age
AN30 SATATXP O 2.5 SATA transmit plus
AP30 SATATXN O 2.5 SATA transmit minus
AN31 SATARXP I 2.5 SATA receive plus
AP31 SATARXN I 2.5 SATA receive minus
AM30 SATAREF I 2.5 SATA voltage reference a
a. External 475 Ω 1% resistor to SATA_VSSREF
The SATA interface has some additional design rules:

● The SATA connector must be as close as possible to the STx7100.
● There must be a specific ground plane.
● There must be a specific linear regulator for the SATA power supply (no DC/DC).
● The interface only supports internal SATA disks.
● TXP/TXN must have a specific differential impedance of 90 Ω, 45 Ω to ground.
● PCB layout must be compliant with PCI-Express layout rules.

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9.16 Peripherals
9.16.1 DAA
Table 36: DAA pins
Volt
age
AN5 DAA_C1A I/O 3.3 DAA differential dataa
AP5 DAA_C2A I/O 3.3 DAA differential datab
a. ISO-Link capacitors C1 and C2, (33 pF) should be as close to the line-side device as possible.
b. After satisfying the above, C1 and C2 should be as close to the embedded system-side DAA
module as possible and no further than 6 inches away.
Figure 20: Example DAA application circuit
No ground plane in DAA section

R10
Q1
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R3 R11 R5
R1
R2 Q4 Q2
Si307x Q5 C10
C4 QE DCT2 R4
DCT IGND
STx7100 RX DCT3 R10 R6
R12 C1
IB QB
DAAC1A C1B QE2 Q3
DAAC2A C2B SC
VREG VREG2
R13 C2
RNG1 RNG2
R9 R14
C7
C6
C5
C3
R8
Ring
FB1 C9
D2
C8 RV1
D1 FB2
R7
Tip

9.16.2 Asynchronous serial controller (ASC)

Table 37: ASC pins
Volt PIO
age assignment
ASC 0
AH34 UART1_NOTOE O 3.3 ASC 0 PIO1[6]
ASC 1
AL34 UART1_TXD O 3.3 ASC 1 transmit signal PIO1[0]
AL33 UART1_RXD I 3.3 ASC 1 receive signal PIO1[1]
ASC 2
AD31 UART2_RXD I 3.3 ASC 2 receive signal PIO4[2]
AD34 UART2_TXD O 3.3 ASC 2 transmit signal PIO4[3]
AD33 UART2_CTS I 3.3 ASC 2 clear to send signal PIO4[4]
AC34 UART2_RTS O 3.3 ASC 2 request to send signal PIO4[5]
ASC 3
AB33 UART3_TXD O 3.3 ASC 3 transmit signal PIO5[0]
AA34 UART3_RXD I 3.3 ASC 3 receive signal PIO5[1]
AA33 UART3_CTS I 3.3 ASC 3 clear to send signal PIO5[2]
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Y34 UART3_RTS O 3.3 ASC 3 request to send signal PIO5[3]

SCIF interface
AE33 SCI_RXD I 3.3 SCIF receive signal PIO4[2]
AD34 SCI_TXD O 3.3 SCIF transmit signal PIO4[3]
AD33 SCI_CTS I/O 3.3 SCIF clear to send signal PIO4[4]
AC34 SCI_RTS I/O 3.3 SCIF request to send signal PIO4[5]
AC33 SCI_SCK I/O 3.3 SCIF clock PIO4[6]
9.16.3 Infrared transmitter/receiver

Table 38: Infrared transmitter/receiver pins
Volt PIO
age assignment
AD34 IRB_IR_IN I 3.3 IR data input PIO3[3]
AD33 IRB_UHF_IN I 3.3 UHF data input PIO3[4]
AC34 IRB_IR_DATAOUT O 3.3 IR data output PIO3[5]
AC33 IRB_IR_DATAOUT_OD O 3.3 PIO3[6]

9.16.4 Modem analog front-end (MAFE) interface

Table 39: MAFE pins
Volt PIO
age assignment
AH31 MAFE_HC1 O 3.3 Indicates a control/status exchange PIO2[3]
AG30 MAFE_DOUT O 3.3 Line for serially transmitting samples PIO2[4]
AG31 MAFE_DIN I 3.3 Line for serially receiving samples PIO2[5]
AE31 MAFE_FS I 3.3 Start of a sampling period latched on falling PIO2[6]
edges of SCLK
AE30 MAFE_SCLK I 3.3 Modem system clock PIO2[7]
9.16.5 Pulse width modulator (PWM)

Table 40: PWM pins
Volt PIO
age assignment
PWM 0
AC33 PWM_OUT0 O 3.3 PWM 0 PIO4[6]
AD33 PWM_COMPAREOUT0 O 3.3 PIO5[4]
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AC34 PWM_CAPTUREIN0 I 3.3 PIO5[5]

PWM 1
AB34 PWM_OUT1 O 3.3 PWM 1 PIO4[7]
Y30 PWM_COMPAREOUT1 O 3.3 PIO5[6]
Y31 PWM_CAPTUREIN1 I 3.3 PIO5[7]

9.16.6 Smartcard
Table 41: Smartcard pins
Volt PIO
age assignment
Smartcard 0
AM33 SC0_SETVCC O 3.3 Smartcard set voltage level PIO0[5]
AM32 SC0_DIR O 3.3 PIO0[6]
AL32 SC0_DETECT I 3.3 Smartcard detection PIO0[7]
AM32 SC0_DATAOUT O 3.3 Serial data output PIO0[0]
AN33 SC0_EXTCLKIN I 3.3 External clock PIO0[2]
AP33 SC0_DATAIN I 3.3 Serial data input PIO0[1]
AP34 SC0CG_CLK O 3.3 Clock for smartcard from system clock PIO0[3]
AP34 DSSMCD_CLK O 3.3 Clock for smartcard from smartcard FS PIO0[3]
Smartcard 1
AH34 SC1_DIR O 3.3 PIO1[6]
AK33 SC1CG_CLK O 3.3 Clock for smartcard from system clock PIO1[3]
AK33 DSSMCD_CLK O 3.3 Clock for smartcard from smartcard FS PIO1[3]
AK34 SC1_EXTCLKIN I 3.3 External clock PIO1[2]
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AL33 SC1_DATAIN I 3.3 Serial data input PIO1[1]

AL34 SC1_DATAOUT O 3.3 Serial data output PIO1[0]
9.16.7 Synchronous serial controller (SSC)

Table 42: SSC pins
Volt PIO
age assignment
SSC 0
AJ30 SSC0_SCL I/O 3.3 Serial clock PIO2[0]
AJ31 SSC0_MTSR I/O 3.3 Serial data for SSC 0: master transmit, PIO2[1]
slave receive
AH30 SSC0_MRST I/O 3.3 Serial data for SSC 0: master receive, slave PIO2[2]
transmit
SSC 1
AE32 SSC1_SCL I/O 3.3 Serial clock PIO3[0]
AE34 SSC1_MTSR I/O 3.3 Serial data for SSC 1: master transmit, PIO3[1]
slave receive
AE33 SSC1_MRST I/O 3.3 Serial data for SSC 1: master receive, slave PIO3[2]
transmit
SSC 2
AD32 SSC2_SCL I/O 3.3 Serial clock PIO4[0]
AD30 SSC2_MTSR I/O 3.3 Serial data for SSC 2: master transmit, PIO4[1]
slave receive

9.16.8 DiSEqC 2.0
Table 43: DiSEqC 2.0TM pins
Volt PIO
age assignment
Y33 DISEQC_RX_DATAIN I 3.3 DiSEqC interface input PIO5[4]
AA31 DISEQC_TX_DATAOUT O 3.3 DiSEqC interface output PIO5[5]
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STx7100 10 Reset configuration (mode pins)
10 Reset configuration (mode pins)
The STx7100 has static configuration pins (called mode pins). These pins are shared with EMI
address pins and are only valid during the power-on-reset sequence.
External pull-up or pull-down resistors must be applied to setup the desired configuration.
The mode pins are strobe (captured) during the reset phase and are made available to the
system to define operating modes (clockgen startup configuration for example).
The captured values are then recorded in the system configuration register SYS_STA4. Table 44
shows the mapping of the mode pins.
Table 44: Mode pins mapping
Mode pin EMI pin Purpose Used by Description
MODE[1:0] EMIADDR[2:1] PLL0 startup configuration Clockgen A See Section 17.2.3: Startup
configuration on page 151
MODE[3:2] EMIADDR[4:3] PLL1 startup configuration
MODE[7:4] EMIADDR[8:5] Reserved - Must be ‘00’
MODE[9:8] EMIADDR[10:9] EMI banks port size at boot EMI subsystem 11: 8 bits
10: 16 bits
Others: Reserved
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MODE[10] PCMOUT4 STx7100 master/slave mode EMI subsystem 0: Master

1: Slave
MODE[12:11] EMIADDR[13:12] Reserved - Must be ‘00’
MODE[13] EMIADDR[14] Long resetout mode Reset generator 0: 1.2 ms

1: 200 ms
MODE[14] EMIADDR[15] Reserved - Must be ‘0’
See also Section 17.2.3: Startup configuration on page 151, which shows default clock
frequencies.

11 Electrical specifications STx7100
11 Electrical specifications
Other electrical specifications TBD.
Table 45: Absolute maximum ratings
Symbol Parameter Min Max Units

Tstg Storage temperature - 60 150 degrees C
VCCA Analog power supply TBD V
VDDD Digital core power supply TBD V
11.1 Video DACs

Table 46: DAC specifications
Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Units

VDD DC supply voltage 2.5 V
Tj Operating temperature (junction) C
PD Power dissipation mW
PDpd Power dissipation during powerdown mode µW
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ILE Integral non-linearity LSB

DLE Differential linearity LSB
THD Total harmonic distortion @100 kHza dB
SNR Signal to noise ratioa dB
a. Rload = 250 Ω, Rset = 649 Ω, triple DAC only
Table 47: Operating conditions

BDW Output 3 db bandwidth 30 MHz
F_CLK Clock speed 160 MHz
VCCA Analog supply 2.25 2.5 2.75 V

VDDD Digital supply 0.9 1.0 1.1 V
Top Operating junction temperature -40 55 125 degrees C

STx7100 11 Electrical specifications
Table 48: Static electrical performance

Nb DAC resolution 10 bits
PonAnalog Power consumption analog/ active 108 mW

PonDigital Power consumption digital/ active 6 mW
PHZ Power consumption / HZ mode a 2.5 mW
Poff Power consumption / Off modeb 2 mW
INL Integral non linearity +/- 1.0 LSB

DNL Differential non linearity +/- 0.5 LSB
DAC to DAC DAC to DAC matching (3) +/- 3 %

matching
Compliance Output compliance 1 µA

Delta I / Iout
0 V < Vout < 1.4 V
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IOUT DAC output current 0 10.0 mA

Rref = 7.73 kΩ (code min) (code max)
Full scale gain +/-7 %

error
Rout DAC output resistance @ dc 100 kΩ
a. Independent of clock activity.

b. Transistor off-state leakage only
Table 49: Dynamic electrical performance

THD Total harmonic distortion 45 50 dB
Fin = 1 MHz, F_clk =160 MHz
SFDR Spurious free dynamic range 47 52 dB
Fin=1 MHz, Fclk=160MHz
Output full scale
PSRR Power supply rejection ratio @ 30 60 dB

1 Hz (full scale)
Power supply rejection ratio 22 25 dB
@1 MHz (full scale)

12 Timing specifications STx7100
12 Timing specifications
12.1 Audio input AC specifications

The audio inputs are characterized with respect to the AUDDIGSTRBIN input clock (rising edge).
They are clocked on the rising edge of this clock.
Figure 21: Audio inputs AC waveforms
AUDDIGSTRBIN
tDTSSTR
AUDDIGDATAIN
tDTHSTR
tLRSSTR
AUDDIGLRCLKIN
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tLRHSTR
Table 50: Audio input port timings

tDTSSTR AUDDIGDATAIN setup to AUDDIGSTRBIN rising edge 2.5 ns
tDTHSTR AUDDIGDATAIN hold to AUDDIGSTRBIN rising edge 2 ns
tLRSSTR AUDDIGLRCLKIN setup to AUDDIGSTRBIN rising edge 2.5 ns
tLRHSTR AUDDIGLRCLKIN hold to AUDDIGSTRBIN rising edge 2 ns

STx7100 12 Timing specifications
12.2 Audio output AC specifications

Output clock: AUDPCMCLKOUT
Outputs: AUDPCMOUT0, AUDPCMOUT1, AUDPCMOUT2, AUDPCMOUT3, AUDPCMOUT4,
AUDLRCLKOUT.
Figure 22: Audio outputs waveforms
tPCMCLK
AUDPCMCLKOUT
tPCMSCLK
Outputs
Table 51: Audio output ports timings

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tPCMCLK AUDPCMCLKOUT clock period 83

tPCMSCLK Output delay to AUDPCMCLKOUT 4.5 ns
12.3 Video output AC specification

Output clock: SYSCLKOUT (rising edge); when video clock selected.
Figure 23: Video output waveforms
tTVIDOUTCLK
VIDDIGOUTCLK
tHSSCLK
VIDDIGOUTHSYNC
VIDDIGOUTVSYNC
tYCSCLK
VIDDIGOUTYCn
Table 52: Video output AC port timings

tVIDOUTCLK SYSCLKOUT period 13.46 ns
tHSSCLK VIDDIGOUTHSYNC output delay to SYSCLKOUT 1 ns
tVCSCLK VIDDIGOUTYCn output delay to SYSCLKOUT 1 ns

12.4 Transport stream input AC specification

Input clocks: TSIN0BYTECLK, TSIN1BYTECLK, TSIN2BYTECLK (rising edge)
Inputs: TSIN0BYTECLKVALID, TSIN0ERROR, TSIN0PACKETCLK, TSIN0DATA[*],
TSIN1BYTECLKVALID, TSIN1ERROR, TSIN1PACKETCLK, TSIN1DATA[*],
TSIN2BYTECLKVALID, TSIN2ERROR, TSIN2PACKETCLK, TSIN2DATA[*]
Figure 24: Transport stream input waveforms
tTSIN*BYTECLK
TSIN*BYTECLK
tTSSCLK
Inputs
tTSHCLK
Table 53: Transport input ports AC timings

Input clock TSIN*BYTECLK period 6.66 ns
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tDTSCLK inputs setup to TSIN*BYTECLK rising edge 4.5 ns

tDTHCLK inputs hold to TSIN*BYTECLK rising edge 1.5 ns
12.5 DVP inputs

DVP inputs are muxed with transport inputs and match the same timing specifications.
12.6 Transport stream output AC specification

Output clock: TSIN2BYTECLK
Outputs: TSIN2BYTECLKVALID, TSIN2ERROR, TSIN2PACKETCLK, TSIN2DATAn
Figure 25: Transport stream output waveforms
tTSIN2BYTECLK
TSIN2BYTECLK
tTSBYTECLK
Outputs
Table 54: Transport stream output timings

tTSIN2BYTECLK TSIN2BYTECLK clock period 6.66
tTSBYTECLK Output delay to AUDPCMCLKOUT 4.5 ns

12.7 JTAG interfaces AC specification

Input clocks: TCK (rising edge)
Inputs: TDI, TMS
Figure 26: JTAG interfaces waveforms
tTAPCLK
TCK
tTAPHCLK
Inputs
tTAPSCLK
tPTAPCLK
TDO
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Table 55: JTAG input/output ports timings

Input clock TCK period 20 ns
tTAPHCLK Inputs setup to TCK rising edge 5 ns
tTAPSCLK Inputs hold to TCK rising edge 5 ns
tPTAPCLK Output delay to TCK falling edge 15 ns

12.8 EMI timings

All of the outputs come from a mux controlled by the clock. It is assumed that the EMI is
programmed so that all the outputs are changed on the falling edge of the clock.
The following tables assume an external load of 25 pF on all EMI pads.
12.8.1 Synchronous devices

All synchronous transactions originate and terminate at flip flops within the padlogic. Outputs are
generated with respect to the falling edge of the bus clock, and inputs are sampled with respect
to the rising edge.
EMI-Clock: EMISFLASH.
EMI-outputs: EMIADDR[*], EMIDATA[*], NOTEMICS*, NOTEMIBE, NOTEMIOE, NOTEMILBA,
NOTEMIBAA, EMIRDNOTWR.
EMI-inputs: EMIDATA[*], EMIREADYORWAIT
Figure 27: EMI synchronous device waveforms
tEMI-clock
EMI-clock
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tECHEOV
EMI-outputs
tEIVECH
tECHEIX
EMI-inputs
tECHEOZ
EMI-tristate
outputs
tECHEON
Table 56: EMI / SFLASH synchronous interface parameters

Input clock EMISFLASHCLK period 33 ns
tECHEOV Bus clock falling edge to valid data 0 4 ns
tEIVECH Input valid to rising clock edge (input setup time) 5.5 ns
tECHEIX Rising clock edge to input invalid (input hold time) 0 ns
tECHEON Falling clock edge to data valid (after tristate output) 2 ns
tECHEOZ Falling clock edge to data valid (before tri-state output) -3 ns
These values are static offsets within a bus cycle, they should be read in conjunction with the
waveforms in External memory interface (EMI), which are cycle accurate only.

12.8.2 Asynchronous memory/peripherals

The EMI strobes are programmed in terms of internal clock phases, that is to say with half cycle
resolution. The clock to output delay for all outputs (address, data, strobes) are closely matched
with a skew tolerance of -3 ns / +3 ns (assuming an external load of 25 pF on pads).
The input latch point for a read access is determined by the number of programmed EMI
subsystem clock cycles for the latch point. The correction allows the latch point to be measured
from the edge of an active chip select, that has been programmed to rise at the programmed
read latch point.
Time between the address bus switching and a chip select or data bus output switching is n
programmed phases +/-3 ns. That is worst case the chip select or data is maximum of 3 ns after
the address, or worst case the chip select or data is 3 ns before the address.
For a read cycle the data is latched by the STx7100 at the programmed number of EMI
subsystem clock cycles from the end of the access plus a latch point correction time, which is
effectively the read setup time. The latch point correction time (read setup time) is a minimum of
5 ns + skew tolerance correction of the output signal used as a reference. This is 5 +/- 3 ns, thus
the minimum read setup time relative to a strobe is 8 ns. This ensures the read hold time is
always a minimum of 0 ns, guaranteed by design.
Figure 28: Asynchronous access - read waveforms
Nominal access time (+ any wait states)

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Actual Programmed
latch point latch point
EMIADDR
tAVSV tAVSV
EMISTROBE
tRDVSV tSVRDX
EMIDATA

Figure 29: Asynchronous access - write waveforms
Nominal access time (+ any wait states)
EMIADDR
tAVSV tAVSV
EMISTROBE
tAVWDON tAVWDOZ
EMIDATA
tAVWDV
EMIDATA
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Table 57: EMI/asynchronous memory/peripherals interface parameters
Symbol Parameter Min Max Units Note

tAVSV Address valid to output strobe valid -1.5 3 ns a
tRDVSV Read data valid to strobe valid (read setup time) 8 ns b
tSVRDX Read data hold time after strobe valid (read hold time) 0 ns c
tAVWDON Address valid to write data valid (after tristate output) 3 ns d
tAVWDOZ Address valid to write data valid (before tristate output) -4.5 ns
tAVWDV Address valid to write data valid -2 2 ns
a. Skew plus nominal N programmed EMI subsystem clock cycles of strobe delay.
b. Skew from nominal programmed read latch point.
c. Minimum values are guaranteed by design.
d. Skew from nominal programmed phases of data drive delay.
The above table assumes an external load of 25 pF on all EMI pads.

12.9 LMI DDR-SDRAM timings (system and video)

For write sequences, the timing reference is the LMIVIDCLK or LMISYSCLK edge.
For reads, the timing reference is the LMIVIDDQS or LMISYSDQS edge.
The timings are based on the following conditions:
● input rise and fall times of 1.5 ns (10% to 90%),
● output load = 10 pF,
● output threshold = 0.5 * VDD25.
Figure 30: LMI DDR-SDRAM waveforms
tLCHLCH
NOTLMInCLK
LMInCLK
tLCHLCL tLCLLCH
tLCLLAV
LMInADD/LMInCONTROLS
tDQSHR tDQSLR
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tLCHDQSR tLCHDQSR
LMInDQSREAD
Inputs
tDQSRH tDQSRH
tDQSRS tDQSRS
LMInDATAREAD
tLCHDQSW tDQSHW tDQSLW
LMInDQSWRITE
Outputs
tLDWS tLDWH tLDWS tLDWH tLCHDQZ
LMInDATAWRITE

Table 58: LMI DDR-SDRAM AC timings
Symbol Parameter Min Max Units Note

Outputs
tLCHLCH LMInCLK period 6.0 ns
tLCHLCL LMInCLK high time 0.45 tLCHLCH
tLCLLCH LMInCLK low period 0.45 tLCHLCH
tDQSHW Write LMInDQS high 0.45 tLCHLCH
tDQSLW Write LMInDQS low 0.45 tLCHLCH
tLCLLAV LMInCLK falling edge to LMInADD/LMIn -1.5 +1.5 ns a
controls valid
tLCHDQSW LMInCLK edge to write LMInDQS edge -0.8 -0.8 ns
tLDWS Write data valid to write LMInDQS edge 0.7 ns
(setup)
tLDWH LMInDQS edge to write data valid (hold) 0.7 ns
tLCHDQZ LMInCLK high to write data Z 1 tLCHLCH
Inputs
tLCHDQSR Allowable arrival time of LMInDQS edge -0.8 +0.8 ns
with respect to LMInCLK edge
tDQSHR Read LMInDQS high time 0.45 tLCHLCH
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tDQSLW Read LMInDQS low time 0.45 tLCHLCH

tDQSRS Latest allowable invalid read data after 0.7 ns
LMInDQS edge
tDQSRH Earliest allowable invalid data before tLCHLCH/2 - 0.7 ns
following LMInDQS edge
a. Applies to NOTLMIN[1:0], NOTLMInWE, LMInADD[12:0], LMInBKSEL[1:0],

LMInDATAMASK[3:0], LMInCLKEN.

12.10 PIO output AC specification

Reference clock in this case means the last transition of any PIO signal.
Note: There are two different sets of PIO timings, one for the SSC (I2C) outputs and one for all other
PIO outputs.
Figure 31: PIO output waveforms
PIO reference clock
tPCHPOV
PIOOUT
tPCHWDZ
PIOOUT
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Table 59: PIO SSC output AC timings

tPCHPOV PIO_REFCLOCK high to PIO output valid -20.0 0.0 ns
tPCHWDZ PIO tristate after PIO_REFCLOCK high -20.0 5.0 ns
tPIOr Output rise time 3.0 30.0 ns
tPIOf Output fall time 3.0 30.0 ns
Table 60: PIO other outputs AC timings

tPCHPOV PIO_REFCLOCK high to PIO output valid -6.0 0.0 ns
tPCHWDZ PIO tristate after PIO_REFCLOCK high -6.0 5.0 ns
tPIOr Output rise time 1.0 7.0 ns
tPIOf Output fall time 1.0 7.0 ns

12.11 MAFE interface output AC specification

Input clock: MAFE_SCLK (PIO2(7) when selected
Outputs: MAFE_HC1 (PIO2[3]), MAFE_DOUT (PIO2[4])
Figure 32: MAFE interface output waveforms
MAFE_SCLK
tMAFOV
Outputs
Table 61: MAFE interface output timings

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Input clock MAFE_SCLK clock period 100 ns

tMAFOV Output delay to MAFE_CLK 20 ns
12.12 MAFE interface input AC specification

Input clock: MAFE_SCLK (PIO2[7]) when selected
Outputs: MAFE_DIN (PIO2[5]), MAFE_FS (PIO2[6])
Figure 33: MAFE interface input waveforms
tMAFE_SCLK
MAFE_SCLK
tMAFHCLK
Outputs
tMAFSCLK
Table 62: MAFE interface input timings

Input clock MAFE_SCLK clock period 100 ns
tMAFHCLK Inputs setup to MAFE_CLK rising edge 20 ns
tMAFSCLK Inputs hold to MAFE_CLK rising edge 20 ns

STx7100 13 HD and SD triple video DACs
13 HD and SD triple video DACs
13.1 Description
There are two identical sets of video DACs for HD and SD output. Both are triple high-performance
10-bit digital to analog converters, and consist of three 10-bit DAC modules joined together. The full-
scale output for each DAC set is controlled by an external resistor.
Each DAC is able to drive 10 mA.
The blocks are powered by 2.5 V analog and 1.0 V digital supplies, with separate analog and digital
grounds.
The blocks require a external precision resistor (RREF) to provide a bandgap reference. The
optimum RREF value is 7.72 kΩ +/- 1%.
The blocks’ analog current sources provide an voltage output range of 1.4 V, with an optimum
linearity through an external precision resistor (RLOAD). The RLOAD optimum value is 140 Ω +/- 1%.
The exact calculation for the voltage output range is:
VOUT = 77.31 * (RREF/RLOAD)
with:
RREF = reference resistor; maximum value is 7.72 kΩ
RLOAD = load resistor
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5 4 3 2 1 13.2
128/935
To repeat for R, G and B outputs
STB7100 Close to Vid_5V

0 R1
D 1 2
STb7100 D
U1
5
VIDANAROUT0 DoNotFit L1
VIDANAGOUT0 1 2 3 + 75 R2 470nH L2
VIDANABOUT0 1 1 2 1 2
1
1
1
To HD connector
1
1
4 -
R3 C1 C2 R4 R5
TSH110
1
1
2
DoNotFit DoNotFit DoNotFit DoNotFit 140_1% C3 C4
2
2
2
2
2
68pF 68pF
2
2
680 R6 NegVid_5V
1 2 1 2 R7
680
2.2pF 1 2 C5
13 HD and SD triple video DACs
V_GND V_GND
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Figure 34: Output stage schematic
C C
Close to Vid_5V
C6 DONOTFIT
1 2
STb7100
TSH73
4
VIDANACOUT1 U2A
VIDANACVOUT1 2 1 5 +
VIDANAYOUT1 7 1 2
10UH L3 To SD connector
1
1
6 - 75
R8
280-1% 280-1%
11
1
Vid_5V
7801572A
R9 R10
1
1
C7 C8 0 R11
2
2
47pF 47pF 2 1
2
2
V_GND
C9 475-1% R12 475-1% R13
2 1 2 1 1 2
Output-stage adaptation and amplification
B B
DONOTFIT
V_GND
To repeat for C, CV and Y outputs
VIDANADUMPR0
VIDANADUMPG0
VIDANADUMPB0
VIDANADUMPY1
VIDANADUMPCV1
VIDANADUMPC1
Video Output Stages

VIDANAREXT0 7K72_1% 1 2 R14 for STB7100 application board
A VIDANAGNDREXT0 A
VIDANAREXT1 7K72_1% 1 2 R15
VIDANAGNDREXT1
Close to
V_GND
STb7100
5 4 3 2 1
STx7100
An example recommended video output stage with the external connections is shown in Figure 34.
STx7100 14 Audio DAC
14 Audio DAC
14.1 Description
The audio digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is a high performance stereo audio converter which
accepts a 24-bit serial data stream from the audio decoder and converts it into a current source
analog output signal. This signal is then filtered and transformed into a voltage output signal by
an external analog filter.
The data converter uses a sigma-delta architecture which includes a second order noise shaper.
The sigma delta modulator is followed by a 5-bit DAC to achieve at least 18-bit resolution.
This DAC can operate at sampling frequencies of 32, 44.1 and 48 kHz, or indeed any audio
frequency up to 48 kHz.
Figure 35: Digital flow
OUTP
SDIN
FIR1 FIR2 MUTE SINC NSH2 RND
OUTM
FS 2FS 4FS 128FS 128FS 128FS

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The input stream SDIN derived from the audio decoder, sampled at FS, is first interpolated by two
and then filtered by a 75th order FIR filter, FIR1. This signal, at 2FS, is interpolated by two and
filtered by a 20th order FIR filter, FIR2. The signal, at 4 FS, can be soft muted by the MUTE block,
and enters the SINC filter which interpolates by 32. The noise shaper then transforms this signal
to five bits. A randomizer then expands the data to a thermometer code and permutes the
sources to avoid mismatch between the 32 current sources.
The audio frequency synthesizer, within the clock generator, provides a system clock at 256 x FS
which is divided down internally to produce all other clocks.
The audio DAC group delay is 23 periods of the sampling frequency.
14.2 Operating modes
14.2.1 Reset
The audio DAC is reset by the chip global reset. The audio DAC can also be reset via the
configuration register bit ADAC_CFG.NRST.
At reset, the audio DAC is disabled.
14.2.2 Power supplies

For better noise immunity, and to fulfill the specifications in terms of output range, the audio DAC
has several different supply pairs.
● AUD_GNDA, AUD_GNDAS, AUD_VDDA: ground and 2.5 V analog supplies for the
switches (control of the current sources) are supplied to the chip externally.
● GNDE_AUD_ANA, VDDE2V5_AUD_ANA: ground and 2.5 V analog supplies for the audio
DAC pads ring are supplied to the chip externally.

14 Audio DAC STx7100
14.2.3 Input/output signals

Table 63: Audio DAC output signals
Pin name Description

AUDANAPRIGHTOUT Right channel, differential positive analog output. The signal is then filtered.
AUDANAMRIGHTOUT Right channel, differential negative analog output. The signal is then filtered.
AUDANAPLEFTOUT Left channel, differential positive analog output. The signal is then filtered.
AUDANAMRIGHTOUT Left channel, differential negative analog output. The signal is then filtered.
AUDANAIREF DAC reference current output. This pin should be connected to an external resistor. 575
ohm +/- 1%.
AUDANAVBGFIL DAC filtered reference voltage input. This pin should be connected to an external 10 µF
capacitor (ground connection AUD_GNDA).
14.2.4 Soft mute

The mute function is controlled by bit ADAC_CFG.SMUTE. The current output signal
(AUDANAPLEFTOUT/AUDANAPRIGHTOUT, AUDANAMLEFTOUT/AUDANAMRIGHTOUT) is
first attenuated to 96 dB. When the output current reaches the common mode current Icom, the
current sources are switched off one after the other in order to decrease the output current on
AUDANAPLEFTOUT/AUDANAPRIGHTOUT. Once this sequence is complete, the analog part
can be powered down. The total time for the mute/unmute sequence is at least 1920 sampling
periods.
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Figure 36: Soft mute and digital power down
SOFTMUTE
OUTM OUTP
Imax
Icom
Imin
normal TMUTE TMUTE

mode soft mute
14.2.5 Digital and analog power down

The digital part of the audio DAC can be disabled by setting ADAC_CFG.NSB to 0. An automatic
soft mute avoids any pop noise.
The analog part of the audio DAC can be disabled by setting ADAC_CFG.PDN to 0. Depending
on the external circuitry, pop noise may be unavoidable.

STx7100 14 Audio DAC
14.3 Output stage filtering

The audio DAC provides differential current source outputs for each channel. The use of a
differential mode interface circuit is recommended to achieve the best signal to noise ratio
performance. A single-ended mode interface circuit can be used, by grounding pins
AUDANAMLEFTOUT and AUDANAMRIGHTOUT, but this is not recommended as the resulting
signal to noise ratio is less than 90 dB.
An external 1% resistor RREF should be connected to pin AUDANAIREF of the DAC. A typical
value for RREF is 575 Ω. to get proper band gap functionality.
Figure 37 shows an audio output stage to deliver a 2 VRMS signal.
Figure 37: 2 VRMS schematic with +9 V power supply
100 Ω
1k
2 VRMS
3.3 nF
OUTPR
OUTMR Audio right
OUTPR IREF
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3.3 nF 575 Ω
1k GNDA
1uF
100 Ω
4.5 V VBG
100 Ω
1k 100 nF
5.1 k
3.3 nF
2.05 k
OUTML
OUTPL Audio left
OUTPL
3.3 nF
2 VRMS
1k
100 Ω

15 PCB layout recommendations STx7100
15 PCB layout recommendations
15.1 SATA
To meet SATA specifications, some rules must be followed when designing the PCB.
Recommendations include power supply quality requirements and routing requirements for
signal integrity.
15.1.1 Power supplies

To operate correctly, the SATA PHY must be isolated from the surrounding noise. This can be
achieved by using a clean voltage source (linear DC regulator) and/or passive high-frequency
filtering.
15.1.2 Voltage regulator

A dedicated voltage regulator for the SATA PHY is recommended.
The voltage regulator must be linear or LDO (switching or DC/DC regulators cannot be used).
A regulator with 2% spread around the nominal voltage is recommended.
The power supplies SATAVDDDLL, TMDSVDDX, LMISYSDLL_VDD, and LMIVIDDLL_VDD
must be carefully designed since they are used for the high frequency clock generation.
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The MDLL does not tolerate more than 50 mV of noise, specially below 10 MHz.
15.1.3 Power supplies passive filtering

To achieve the necessary isolation from power supply noise, passive filter networks are required.
This passive filtering avoids interference to the PHY from other sources, including the different
power sources of the SATA. The most noisy source is VDDT.
15.1.4 Reference crystal

One possible quartz crystal to use is the EPSON FA-365, 30 MHz.

STx7100 15 PCB layout recommendations
15.1.5 SATA interface filtering

Figure 38: SATA interface filtering
VDDE2V5
10 nf
x6
NFE31
GNDE
SATAVDDOSC2V5
10 nF 100 pF
SATAVSSOSC
VDD (1V0)
10 nf
x3
NFE31 GND
SATAVDDREF
10 nF 100 pF
NFE31
SATAVSSREF
SATAVDDR
10 nF 100 pF
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NFE31 SATAVSSR
SATAVDDT
10 nF 100 pF
NFE31
SATAVSST
SATAVDDA
10 nF 100 pF
NFE31 SATAVSSREF
SATAVDDDLL
10 nF 100 pF
NFE31 SATAVSSDLL
SATAVDDOSC
10 nF 100 pF
SATAVSSOSC
15.1.6 High speed serial trace routing

The PCB routing must be done with the following guidelines.
15.1.6.1 Ground plane

Microstrip with ground reference plane implementation is preferred.
No other signal than SATA should overlay the reference plane.

15.1.6.2 Differential signal pair routing

TXP/TXN and RXP/RXN are differential signals as defined by SATA spec.
● The distance from the chip to the SATA connector must be as short as possible.
● When routing a differential pair, the complementary signals must be matched in length.
(<0.5 mm)
● No right angle allowed
● If a signal has to change layers, attention must be paid when adding a via about the return
current: use a stretching ground via.
● Both traces of a differential pair must have a 50 Ω impedance to ground, without any
impedance discontinuity from the chip to the SATA connector. This actually makes a
differential impedance of 100 Ω and a common mode impedance of 25 Ω.
● Vias act as strong impedance discontinuities: avoid them in the differential traces.
● Signal routing are preferred at top level.
Figure 39 below describes a PCB stack, with differential signals. The differential pair is preferably
routed on the top layer. It is also possible but less recommended to route the differential signals
on the bottom layer.
Figure 39: PCB stack with differential signals

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150 µm
Layer 1 (top) Signal 1
Layer 2 GND layer 1.2 mm 1.6 mm
Layer 3 Power supplies
Layer 4 (bottom) Signal 2 150 µm
35 µm
The two traces of a differential pair must be loosely coupled, that is, their impedance to ground
must be controlled and equals to 50 Ω. The traces must be far enough from each other to ensure
a low direct coupling between themselves.
15.1.6.3 AC coupling
The SATA PHY works in AC coupled configuration.
The AC capacitance has to be put on RX on the connector side (capacitance value = 10 nF,
12 nF max in the SATA specification).

15.2 DDR-SDRAM interface
15.2.1 Recommended PCB

To ensure better signals integrity and also to comply with the high density of the BGA package, it
is recommended to use a 4-layer PCB with the following stack:
● Layer 1: Signal 1,
● Layer 2: Power plane,
● Layer 3: Ground plane,
● Layer 4: Signal 2.
15.2.2 System considerations

To achieve a high bandwidth on the local memory interface, the STx7100 incorporates SSTL_2
buffers. At the board level it is therefore recommended to follow SSTL-2 signalling design rules.
The use of this high speed logic requires series resistors, parallel termination schemes and
reference voltage circuitry.
The most suitable scheme is shown below. This reduces reflections, improves signal bandwidth
and settling.
Figure 40: SSTL_2 Single terminated line

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VTT = 0.5 x VDDQ
RT 100 Ω
STx7100
22 Ω DDR
VREF
0.5 x VDDQ
15.2.3 Power supply recommendations

An important point to take into consideration when designing such systems is to guarantee that
both the STx7100 and the DDR devices have very clean digital power supplies.
To decouple the STx7100 requires more decoupling capacitors. To better achieve a good power
supply decoupling, it is recommended to equally distribute 100 nF ceramic capacitors and 1 µF
Tantalum capacitors over the LMI power supply pins.
15.2.4 Reference voltage

Both the STx7100 and the DDR devices require a reference voltage, so called VREF in
Figure 40.
Some attention should be paid to the routing of VREF, since the SSTL_2 specification requires
dynamic noise to be maintained to less than 2% of the VREF DC level.
It is recommended to decouple VREF to both VDDQ and VSSQ with balanced decoupling
capacitors. The use of 100 nF ceramic capacitors is adequate to do so. A decoupling capacitor
pair is recommended at each device location (DDR + STx7100).

It is necessary to keep VREF isolated from induced noise as possible. VREF should be routed
over a reference plane, and preferably shielded. Layer 2 is preferable.
15.2.5 Termination voltage

The VTT generation circuit should be placed as close as possible to the parallel termination
resistors to reduce the impedance and length of the signal return path.
The termination voltage should be routed to all the termination resistors through a thick copper
track, with a minimum width of 1500 mils.
The termination resistors should be placed as close as possible to the DDR memory. Use of 5%
resistors is adequate.
Resistor packs are acceptable, but signals within an RPACK must be from the same DDR signal
group. No mixing of signals from different DDR signal groups is allowed within an RPACK. The
parallel termination resistors connect directly to the VTT track with the shortest wire as possible.
VTT requires some decoupling capacitors close to RPACK. VTT should be routed over a
reference plane.
On a 4-layer PCB, the most appropriate layer to route the termination voltage track is the layer 2
as it will not interfere with the signals routing that is the most critical part.
15.2.6 Memory bus layout general considerations

The memory interface bus can be split in three groups:
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● the data bus and its associated strobes DQM and DQS,
● the address bus and associated control signals RAS, CAS and Write,
● the differential clock signals.
Each group requires specific attention described in details in the next paragraphs, but some
general layout rules apply:
● Maintain the ground layer as a reference plane for all memory signals, that is, do not allow
splits in the plane underneath both memory and STx7100 LMI.
● Series resistors should be placed as near to the close to the driver pin as possible. For the
data bus, resistors should be placed at mid point because of bidirect transmission.
● As much as possible all signals should be routed without any via between the STx7100 and
the memories. In all cases, minimize the usage of vias.
● All DDR traces should be as short as possible (not longer than 3 inches), and traces within
a group should have close length in order to reduce the skew between different lines.
● All signal traces except clocks are routed using 5/5 rules. (5 mils traces and 5 mils minimum
spacing between adjacent traces).
● Clocks are routed using 5 mils traces and 5 mils space to the 5 mils ground trace.
15.2.7 Address bus and control signals layout

For the address bus and the control signals, a branch type net topology is recommended for
better signal integrity and smaller skew than daisy chain type.
15.2.8 Data bus layout

● Data lines and strobe signals within each byte group (for instance DQ[0 .. 7] and DQS0 and
DQM0) should be routed so that the maximum difference in their lengths is minimum.
● Bit swapping within a byte group is permitted to facilitate routing.
● The DDR_DQS signal should have a length that is close to the longest other trace within its
byte group.

15.2.9 Clock signals layout

● Minimize the usage of vias as much as possible.
● Clocks should have a 5 mill ground trace surrounding them, with vias stitched to ground at
0.5 inch intervals, or as often as routing allows.
● The CLK and N_CLK signals must be routed as differential signals in order to have a correct
crossing point, that is, with identical lengths. This differential pair should be terminated by a
100 Ω resistor connected between both signals, and placed close to the memory chips.
15.3 USB2.0
15.4 Board design

Each guideline in this section (1, 2, 3… ) has a reference attached to it indicating it is a board
guideline.
15.4.1 Layer stacking

Guidelines provided in this document refer to a four-layer PCB stack up. In one case a two-layer
PCB stackup is also shown. Board stackup can be done in two ways, as shown below. In either
way, DPDN should be referenced with respect to the ground plane as shown. For an n-layer
board (where n > 4), always reference the DPDN signals with respect to a ground plane.
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1. DPDN on the top layer.
Layer 1 (top/component) Signal 1

Layer 2 Ground
Layer 4 (bottom/solder) Signal 2
Figure 41: PCB Layer stackup - DPDN on top layer
2. DPDN on bottom layer:
Layer 1 (top/component) Signal 1

Layer 3 Ground
Layer 4 (bottom/solder) Signal 2
Figure 42: PCB Layer stackup - DPDN on bottom layer

Other low-speed net DM1 DP1 DM2 DP2 Other high-speed net
7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5

20 7.5 20 7.5 50
Figure 43: Recommended trace spacings (mils) for the above stackups
3. Follow Figure 43 for spacing other high- and low-speed nets; see rules 17 and 18. This
diagram shows the trace geometry for a four-layer PCB. It can change with the number of
layers present in the PCB.
15.4.2 Layout suggestion for the crystal

4. Avoid running traces below the crystal.
5. If surface mount crystal is used, place load capacitors on same side as surface mount
crystal.
6. Do not route the traces between the crystal pins and the load capacitors through vias.
7. Load capacitors need to be located next to crystal pins.
8. Figure below shows how to do layout for the crystal. Both traces on left and right should be
equidistant. A 30 MHz crystal can be chosen.
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9. For the value of load cap, refer to the datasheet of crystal manufacturer. It should be a value
below 33 pF.
30 MHz crystal
Load cap Load cap
SYSBCLKIN SYSBCLKOSC
STx7100
Figure 44: Recommended layout for crystal

15.4.3 USB connector

10. Pin 4 of the USB receptacle “GND” should be connected to the signal ground.
11. Chassis of the receptacle should be connected to pin 4 of USB receptacle.
15.4.4 Chassis and signal grounds

12. The chassis should be connected to the signal ground through an inductor/capacitor/
resistor.
15.4.5 DP and DN signals

13. For a 4-layer PCB, 7.5-mil traces with 7.5-mil spacing results in approximately 90 Ω
differential trace impedance for DP and DN. For height above ground plane refer to rule 32.
This point should be double checked by the PCB layout designer using an impedance
calculator.
14. For a 2 layer PCB, Refer to rule B-31.
15. For an n-layer PCB where n > 4, rules 30 and 31 may not be applicable. Hence use an
impedance calculator to get the trace geometry.
16. Use 20-mil minimum spacing between high-speed USB signal pairs (DPDN) and other low
speed non periodic signal traces for optimal signal quality. This helps prevent crosstalk.
17. Use 50-mil minimum spacing between high-speed USB signal pairs (DPDN) and clock/high
speed/periodic signals.
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18. Differential impedance should be strictly respected: 90 Ω diff.

19. Routing should be with minimum vias (avoid if possible), no right angle, only 45 degrees (or
round corners) turn with smooth edges.
20. Length of DPDN, traces should be kept at a minimum as possible.
21. High-speed USB signal pair traces should be trace-length matched. Max trace-length
mismatch between High-speed USB signal pairs (such as DN and DP) should be no greater
than 150 mils.
22. Do not route USB traces under crystals, oscillators, clock synthesizers, magnetic devices or
ICs that use and/or duplicate clocks.
23. Do not place any zero Ω resistors on DPDN lines as this would change characteristic
impedance.
24. Routing of DPDN lines should be avoided within 25 mils of any anti-etch to avoid coupling to
the next split or radiating from the edge of the PCB.
15.4.6 REF connection

25. An external reference resistor RREF should be connected to the ground of compensation
block VSSC2V5 and its value should be 1.5 KΩ ±1%.
26. Note do not choose 10% tolerance resistors.
15.4.7 Other
27. External components quartz (24 or 30 MHz), 1.5 KΩ±1%, filters, decoupling capacitors
needed.
28. No other external components required (like suppressor capacitors of 50 µF) for ESD
protection of data lines. DN, DP pads have built in ESD protection.
29. Do not place any common mode chokes for controlling EMI. This would degrade the signal
quality and cause eye diagrams to fail.

15.4.8 View of a PCB impedance calculator

The Following screenshots clearly define the trace parameters for 2- and 4-layer PCBs.
30. Two-layer PCB:
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Figure 45: Trace geometry for two-layer PCB
31. Four-layer PCB:
Figure 46: Trace geometry for four-layer PCB

15.5 Power supplies
15.5.1 Power supplies required by the Phy IP
Symbol Description HC (Volts)
USBVDDP2V5 USB2 2.5V PLL power 2.5
USBVDDP USB2 PLL power 1.0
USBVDDB3V3 USB1.1 mode buffer power 3.3
USBVDDBC2V5 USB2 2.5V buffer power 2.5
USBVDDBS USB2 buffer/serdes power 1.0
Table 64: Description of supply voltages
15.5.2 Recommended filters

32. The Phy IP needs > 3 dB attenuation of all frequencies above 1.2 MHz.
The attenuated noise ripple at VDDBS should be < x mV (pk-pk), where:
x = 20 for f ( ripple frequency in MHz ) >= 1.2
x = 20/( sin((pi*f)/1.2)) for f ( ripple frequency in MHz ) < 1.2
Similarly, for other supply/ground, the attenuated noise ripple should be < y mV (pk-pk),
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where:
y = 50 for f ( ripple frequency in MHz ) >= 1
x = 50/sin(pi*f) for f ( ripple frequency in MHz ) < 1
According to this, a suitable filter has to be chosen.
Ferrite inductor 2200 pF Type NFM60R, 25 V, 6 A component from Murata must be used.
Figure 47: Recommended filter response
15.5.3 Sharing of supplies

33. Connection of USB analog supplies with other digital supplies should be avoided. This
creates a dependency of digital activity of the SOC and DP/DN quality.

15.5.4 Power distribution scheme and on-board filtering of individual power supplies
Filters and decoupling capacitors must be used to limit the noise environment for each and every
power supply. Place all decoupling capacitors very close to the balls. RREF should also be placed
as close as possible to the ball of ASIC and connected to USBVSSC2V5.
34. The grounds of the decoupling capacitors are connected to their respective VSS. A value of
10 nF is recommended for decoupling capacitors.
Figure 48: Example filtering scheme
3.3 V STx7100 USB section

L1
USBVDDB3V3
10 nF
2.5 V
L2
USBVDDBC2V5
10 nF
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USBVDDP2V5
10 nF
USBVSSP2V5
1.0 V
L3
USBVDDP
10 nF
USBVSSP
USBVDDBS
10 nF
USBVSSBS
USBREF
1.5 kΩ 1%
USBVSSC2V5
15.6 HDMI
When designing the HDMI interface, the signal traces should have the same length and must be
kept as much as possible on the same layer. No additional external components are required.

STx7100
Part 3
System infrastructure
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16 Reset STx7100
16 Reset
16.1 Overview
The different reset sources are:
● The power-on reset signal applied to the NOTRESETIN pad
● The watchdog reset signal generated by the ST40 internal watchdog-timer (WDT)
● The security violation reset
● The UDI reset command received via the ST40 debug port
● The software reset applied to the ST231 CPUs via the SYS_CFG27 and SYS_CFG29
configuration registers.
A reset output pin WDOGRSTOUT is provided to control the reset of external devices. The
length of this reset signal can be controlled with the mode pin EMIADDR[14].
For information on registers connected with system start-up state, see Chapter 6: System
configuration registers on page 46. See also Chapter 21: Boot modes on page 193.
16.2 Power-on reset

The complete reset sequence is executed only during a “power-on-reset” sequence (cold reset).
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In this sequence, everything is reset including the clock generators and the values captured on
the mode pins during the reset phase.
16.3 System reset

When the reset source is the security checker, the watchdog timer or the UDI, then a “system
reset” sequence is executed (warm reset). In that sequence, everything is reset except the clock
generators, the antifuses and some of the system configuration registers. The mode pins values
sampled during the power-on-reset are kept unchanged.
16.4 Reset sequence

The reset sequence controlled by the reset generator is as follows:
1. The clock generators A and B are reset. When the PLLs are locked and the clock
generators are reset then the reset propagation continues.
2. The ST40 CPU is reset. When the ST40 internal reset sequence is ended then the reset
propagation continues.
3. The audio and Delta (H.264) ST231s are reset. When the ST231s’ reset sequences are
ended then the reset propagation continues. When reset, the audio and Delta ST231 boot,
but their access to the memory is halted. The configuration registers SYS_CFG26[0] and
SYS_CFG28[0] must be set by the ST40 to authorize memory accesses (see
Chapter 21: Boot modes on page 193).
4. All on-chip peripherals are reset. The reset propagation continues.
5. The reset signal on the WDOGRSTOUT output pin is de-asserted after a delay defined by
the mode pin value EMIADDR[14].
6. The ST40 boots and starts to execute its code.
The reset sequence controlled by the reset generator takes into account the antifuse reset timing
sequence, some optional reset configuration (short or long reset) and the internal reset
sequences of the ST40 and ST231s CPUs. This is shown in Figure 49.

STx7100 16 Reset
Figure 49: Reset generator block diagram
stretcher RST
(20 µs) Antifuses
NOTRSTIN RSTOUT_FROM_ANTIFUSE
RST Clock generators

(analog)
PLLs lock stretcher
time (700 µs) Clock generators
RST (digital)
Power-on reset
section Stretcher
(350 µs) System
RST
configuration
registers
RST_FROM_SECURITY_CHECKER Mode pins

value
AND capture
Stretcher
(10 µs) ST40
RST_TO_ST40
WDT
Stretcher ST40_RST_OUT
System reset (5 µs) Watchdog reset
section SYS_CFG27[0]
AND ST231
audio
ST231
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SYS_CFG29[0] AND Delta (H.264)

stretcher Reset out
(50 µs) monitor DELTA_ST231_RST_OUT
AUDIO_ST231_RST_OUT
SYS_CFG9[28]
System
Stretcher configuration
(5 µs) registers
RST On-chip
peripherals
SYS_CFG9[27]
Stretcher
(T µs)
EMIADDR[14] mode pin RST
WDOGRSTOUT
Stretcher ST40 CPU boot start

(10 µs)
16.5 CPUs reset and reset out
16.5.1 Power-on reset

Both the ST40 and ST231s are reset when a reset signal is applied to the NOTRESETIN input
pin. In that case, the reset signal is propagated and all the CPUs and internal peripherals are
reset in sequence.
16.5.2 ST231 software reset

The audio and Delta ST231 CPUs can be reset by the ST40 using the configuration registers
SYS_CFG27[0] and SYS_CFG29[0]. Setting the bit 0 to 1 produces a reset to the ST231.
Resetting the bit 0 to 0 releases the software reset.

16 Reset STx7100
16.5.3 ST231 reset out bypass

When reset, the ST231 starts an internal reset sequence. It indicates that it has ended this
sequence by asserting a reset out signal. By default, this reset out signal is used to propagate
the reset to all the peripherals (internal and external).
Before applying a software reset to the ST231, this reset out signal must be bypassed, otherwise
not only the ST231 will be reset but all the peripherals. The configuration bit
SYS_CFG9.CPU_RST_OUT_BYPASS1 (bit 28) is provided to bypass both the Delta and audio
ST231 reset out signals. This must be used when the default ST231 boot address is changed
and a reset must be applied (see Chapter 21: Boot modes on page 193).
16.6 ST40 watchdog timeout reset

The ST40 includes a watchdog timer (WDT) that can generate a timeout event. In case of
timeout, a system reset is generated.
Using the watchdog timer mode:
1. Set the WT/IT bit in the WTCSR (watchdog timer control/status) register to 1 to set the timer
in watchdog mode, select the type of reset with the RSTS bit, and the count clock with bits
CKS2-CKS0, and set the initial value in the WTCNT counter.
2. When the TME bit (timer enable) in the WTCSR register is set to 1, the count starts in
watchdog timer mode.
3. During operation in watchdog timer mode, write 0x00 to the counter periodically so that it
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does not overflow.

4. When the counter overflows, the WDT sets the WOVF flag in the WTCSR register to 1, and
generates a reset of the type specified by the RSTS bit. The counter then continues
counting.
For more details on the ST40 watchdog timer, refer to the ST40 documentation cited in
Chapter 4: CPUs on page 36.
16.7 WDOGRSTOUT signal length

The WDOGRSTOUT signal length can be either around 1.2 ms when the mode pin
EMIADDR[14] is set to 0, or around 200 ms when the mode pin EMIADDR[14] is set to 1.

STx7100 17 Clocks
17 Clocks
17.1 Overview
The STx7100 includes three clock generator (clockgen) subsystems:
● Clock generator A generates clocks for the CPUs, memories and STBus. It comprises two
PLLs (PLL0 and PLL1) and programmable dividers to generate the group A clocks.
● Clock generator B generates clocks for the video, displays, transport and peripherals. It
comprises two frequency synthesizers banks (FS0 and FS1), programmable dividers and a
clock recovery module.
● Clock generator C generates the audio clocks. It comprises three independent audio
frequency synthesizers (described in Chapter 59: Audio subsystem on page 726).
Clock input/output pins

The group A clocks take a reference input clock from the SYSACLKIN pin. This is a single input
requiring an external oscillator. The default values of group A clock generation parameters are
based on a 27 MHz reference clock. This is the recommended reference clock frequency;
however, other clock values less than 40 MHz may be used.
The SYSBCLKIN/SYSCLKOSC pair is a crystal interface which is part of the SATA analog
interface which integrates an oscillator requiring a 30 MHz crystal. In addition to driving the SATA
and USB interface, this clock can be used as a reference clock to generate the group B and
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group C clocks.
The SYSBCLKINALT input provides an alternate reference clock for the group B and group C
clocks instead of using the oscillator clock inside the SATA Phy. The default state is to use the
30 MHz SATA clock, but the alternate reference clock can be selected via registers
CKGB_REF_CLK_SEL and AUD_FSYN_CFG. This input pin can be connected to the same
reference clock that is input on the SYSACLKIN pin. The SYSBCLKINALT input can range from
27 MHz to 30 MHz. The programming of the frequency synthesizers must take into account the
reference clock frequency.
The internal clocks can be observed or used as an auxiliary clock via the SYS_CLK_OUT pin,
which gives access to the clocks of clockgen A. The clocks from clockgen B can be observed via
an alternate PIO pad (PIO5 bit 2).
Encoder clock recovery

The STx7100 integrates a clock recovery module to recover the encoder clock. This module
(DCXO) uses digitally controllable frequency synthesizers and an integrated digital clock
recovery module. This feature can replace the external VCXO oscillator functionality and allows
the use of a fixed oscillator. External VCXO functionality is still available in this mode however.
When an external VCXO is used, it must be connected to SYSBCLKINALT; SYSACLKIN can be
connected to either a fixed oscillator or the VCXO.
When the DCXO is used, the SYSACLKIN pin is connected to a fixed oscillator and
SYSBCLKINALT is either connected to SYSACLKIN or left unconnected (in this case, the SATA/
USB 30 MHz clock is used).
Clockgen B includes a recovered 27 MHz clock. This clock is used for the programmable
transport interface (PTI)’s system counter. The counter is used to compare arriving PCRs.
The alternative clocking schemes are summarized in Figure 50 and Figure 51.

17 Clocks STx7100
Figure 50: STx7100 clocking scheme with an external VCXO
27 MHz Clockgen Clockgen

SYSBCLKINALT
controlled SYSACLKIN A C
oscillator
Clockgen
B
PWM
Internal
30 MHz clock
USB Osc
SATA 30 MHz
SYSBCLKOSC SYSBCLKIN
30 MHz crystal
Figure 51: STx7100 clocking scheme with the internal DCXO

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(optional)
27 - 30 MHz Clockgen Clockgen

SYSBCLKINALT
fixed oscillator SYSACLKIN A C
Clockgen
B
internal
30 MHz clock
USB Osc
SATA 30 MHz
SYSBCLKOSC SYSBCLKIN
30 MHz crystal

STx7100 17 Clocks
17.2 Clock generator A

Clockgen A includes two PLLs and produces the clocks for the CPUs, DDR interfaces, EMI
interface, FDMA and interconnect.
The block diagram of this clockgen is shown in Figure 52.
17.2.1 Block diagram

Figure 52: Clockgen A block diagram
Ratio PLL1_CLK1 CLK_ST40 (266 MHz typ)

select
Reference Dividers
1:1
clock Ratio PLL1_CLK2 CLK_ST40_IC (133 MHz typ)
1:2 select
PLL0 /2 FSM 1:3
1:4 Ratio PLL1_CLK3 CLK_ST40_PER (66 MHz typ)
SYSACLKIN 1:6 select
1:8
(27 or 30 MHz) CLK_MPEG2 (266 MHz typ)
Ratio PLL1_CLK4
select
Interconnect 532 MHz

interface
Configuration Ratio control CLK_FDMA (266 MHz typ)
Mux
registers
or (400 MHz typ)
from
Mode-pins
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Mode pins capture CLK_ST231_DELTA (400 MHz typ)

Div by: 1,1024
bypass
400 MHz
CLK_ST231_AUD (400 MHz typ)
Div by: 1,1024
CLK_SYS_LMI_2X (400 MHz typ)

PLL1 Div by: 1,1024
Mux
CLK_VID_LMI_2X (400 MHz typ)
Div by: 1,1024
27 MHz
Div by 2 CLK_IC (200 MHz typ)
CLK_IC_DIV2 (100 MHz typ)

Div by 4
Clockgen A
CLK_EMI (100 MHz typ)

17 Clocks STx7100
17.2.2 Clock signals

The group A clocks with their typical frequencies are described in Table 65.
The clock frequencies can be changed via clockgen A configuration registers.
Table 65: Clockgen A signals
Typical
Clock name frequency Description
(MHz)
CLK_ST40 266 ST40 core clock
CLK_ST40_IC 133 ST40 bus clock
CLK_ST40_PER 66 ST40 peripheral clock
CLK_FDMA 266 FDMA processing clock
CLK_MPEG2 266 MPEG2 decoder clock
CLK_SYS_LMI_2X 400 2x DDR clock for SYS LMI interface
CLK_VID_LMI_2X 400 2x DDR clock for VID LMI interface
CLK_ST231_AUD 400 Audio decoder ST231 core clock
CLK_ST231_DELTA 400 MPEG4 decoder ST231 core clock
CLK_IC 200 High-speed interconnect clock
CLK_IC_DIV2 100 Low-speed interconnect clock
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CLK_EMI 100 EMI clock

STx7100 17 Clocks
17.2.3 Startup configuration

Clockgen A provides default configurations upon reset for its PLL0 and PLL1.
These configurations are defined by four external mode pins: EMIADDR[4:1] (see
Chapter 10: Reset configuration (mode pins) on page 113)
The startup clock frequencies of clock generator A are shown below.
The recommended configuration is to use mode 0 for both PLL0 and PLL1.
Table 66: PLL0 startup configurations
MHz
EMI_
PLL0 PLL0
ADDR
mode state PLL0 CLK_ST40
[2:1] CLK_ST40 CLK_ST40_IC CLK_FDMA
output _PER
0 00 ON 532 266 133 66.5 266
1 01 ON 400 200 100 50 200
2 10 OFF 27 13.5 6.75 3.375 13.5
3 11 ON 600 300 150 75 300
Table 67: PLL1 startup configurations

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MHz
EMI_
PLL1 PLL1 CLK_SYS/VID_LMI_2X
ADDR CLK_IC_DIV2
mode state PLL1
[4:3] CLK_ST231_AUD CLK_IC
output CLK_EMI
CLK_ST231_DELTA
0 00 ON 400 400 200 100
1 01 ON 333 333 166 83
2 10 ON 266 266 133 66.5
3 11 OFF 27 27 13.5 6.75

17 Clocks STx7100
17.2.4 Clock frequency change

The clockgen always starts with the configuration defined by the mode pins. Nevertheless, the
clocks frequency can be changed with configuration registers. This initial configuration can be
read in register MD_STA.
Clockgen programming lock/unlock

To prevent any unwanted clockgen reprogramming, the CGA_LCK register provides a protection
mechanism. This register must be written first with the keyword “0xC0DE” to authorize any
clockgen registers update. Writing any other value locks all clockgen A registers.
Clock ratio change without changing PLL0 and PLL1

The clock ratio can be changed on the fly without changing the PLL0 setup for the clocks
CLK_ST40_IC, CLK_ST40, CLK_ST40_PER, CLK_FDMA and CLK_MPEG2. The clockgen
design ensures a glitch-free frequency change.
The clocks CLK_SYS_LMI_2X, CLK_VID_LMI_2X, CLK_ST231_DELTA and CLK_ST231_AUD
can also be divided on the fly without any change to the PLL1 setup.
PLL0 frequency change procedure

1. Write 0xC0DE in register CKGA_LCK.
2. Use the CKGA_PLL0_CFG register to move the clock-divider clock input from the PLL0
output to the SYSACLKIN input (set bit 20 to 1).
3. Disable the PLL0 (reset bit CKGA_PLL0_CFG.PLL0_EN).
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4. Set new values in register CKGA_PLL0_CFG, fields PLL0_MDIV, PLL0_NDIV and

PLL_PDIV.
5. Enable the PLL0 (set bit CKGA_PLL0_CFG.PLL0_EN).
6. Wait until the PLL locks by polling register CKGA_PLL0_STA.
7. Use register CKGA_PLL0_CFG to move the clock-divider clock input from the SYSACLKIN
input to the PLL output (set bit 20 to 0).
PLL1 frequency change procedure

1. Use register CKGA_PLL1_BYPASS to bypass the PLL1 output and use the SYSACLKIN
input (set bit 1 to 1).
2. Disable the PLL1 (reset bit PLL1_EN of register CKGA_PLL1_CFG).
3. Set new values in register CKGA_PLL1_CFG, fields PLL1_MDIV, PLL1_NDIV and
PLL1_PDIV.
4. Enable the PLL1 (set bit CKGA_PLL1_CFG.PLL1_EN).
5. Wait until the PLL locks by reading register CKGA_PLL1_STA.
6. Use register CKGA_PLL1_CFG to use the PLL1 output instead of the SYSACLKIN input
(set bits 20 to 0).

STx7100 17 Clocks
17.2.5 Clock slowing

Most group A clocks can be slowed to reduce power consumption without stopping the clocks.
The clocks CLK_SYS_LMI_2X, CLK_VID_LMI_2X, CLK_ST231_AUD and CLK_ST231_DELTA
can be divided on the fly by 1024 using the register CKGA_CLK_DIV.
The clocks CLK_ST40_IC, CLK_ST40, CLK_FDMA and CLK_MPEG2 can be reduced using
registers CKGA_PLL0_CLK1, CKGA_PLL0_CLK2, CKGA_PLL0_CLK3 and
CKGA_PLL0_CLK4.
17.2.6 Clock stopping

The PLL0 clocks CLK_ST40 and CLK_ST40_IC can be stopped using the configuration register
CKGA_CLK_EN.
The PLL1 clocks CLK_ST231_AUD, CLK_ST231_DELTA, CLK_SYS_LMI_2X and
CLK_VID_LMI_2X can be stopped using the configuration register CKGA_CLK_EN.
17.2.7 Clock observation

Any group A clock can be routed and observed on the SYS_CLK_OUT output pin.
The configuration register CKGA_CLK_OUT_SEL selects the clock to be routed to the pin.
Figure 53: PLL0 and PLL1 clocks observation

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CKGA_CLK_OUT_SEL[3:0]
CLK_ST40 0
CLK_ST40_IC 1
CLK_ST40_PER 2
CLK_FDMA 3
CLK_MPEG 4
CLK_ST231_AUD 5
SYS_CLK_OUT
CLK_ST231_DELTA 6
CLK_SYS_LMI_2X 7
CLK_VID_LMI_2X 8
CLK_IC 9
CLK_IC_DIV2 10
CLK_EMI 11

17 Clocks STx7100
17.3 Clock generator B

This clock generator is mainly responsible for generating the clocks used by the video display
pipeline. This includes the following units:
● SD and HD displays,
● compositor,
● video output stage (formatters, HDMI, DENC),
● HD and SD Video DACs.
In addition, clockgen B also generates some processing clocks for the following units:
● MPEG2 video decoder,
● comms,
● Delta pre-processor,
● transport subsystem (PTI, CryptoCore, PDES and TSMerger).
Clockgen B comprises two digitally-controlled frequency synthesizers (FS0 and FS1). The
reference clock can be either an internal 30 MHz clock signal or a clock connected to the
SYSBCLKINALT pin. The selection is done with the configuration register
CKGB_REF_CLK_SEL.
Clockgen B also includes a digital clock recovery module to recover the encoder clock.
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STx7100 17 Clocks
17.3.1 Block diagram

Figure 54: Clockgen B block diagram
Rejection to HDMI line driver

CLK_DLL_HDMI
PLL
(148.5 MHz max)
x1 Rejection
Div by:
1,PLL
1024 CLK_BCH_HDMI
(148.5 MHz max)
Rejection
Div by:
2,4,PLL
1024 CLK_TMDS_HDMI
(74.25 MHz max)
Rejection
Div by:
2,4,8,
PLL1024 CLK_PIX_HDMI
CLK_OFF (74.25 MHz max)
Rejection
Div by:
1,PLL
1024 CLK_PIX_HD
CLK_OFF (148.5 MHz max)
Rejection
Div by:
2,4,8,
PLL1024 CLK_DISP_HD
(74.25 MHz max)
Rejection
Div by:
2,4,8,
PLL1024
Freq.
synth 0 CLK_DSS Rejection
Div by:
(36.864 MHz) 2,4,PLL
1024 CLK_656
(54 MHz max)
CLK_DAA
(HD) (32.768 MHz)
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CLK_GDP2
Ref clock from (74.25 MHz max)
SYSBCLKINALT ref CLK_PP
ref
Rejection
Div by:
2,PLL
1024 CLK_DISP_ID
(13.5 MHz max)
30 MHz ref clock Rejection
Div by:
from SATA Phy
ref
1,PLL
1024 CLK_PIX_SD
(27 MHz max)
Freq.
synth 1 Rejection
Div by: CLK_PP
1,PLL
1024 CLK_IC_150
CLK_PIPE CLK_DVP
(SD) CLK_RTC
Rejection
Div by:
ref 1,PLL
1024 CLK_LPC
pixel clock
(46.875 KHz)
from DVP

17 Clocks STx7100
17.3.2 Clock signals

Table 68 lists group B clocks with their maximum frequencies.
Table 68: Clockgen B
Maximum
Clock name frequency Description
(MHz)
CLK_PIX_HD 148.5 HD pixel clock
CLK_PIX_SD 27 SD pixel clock
CLK_DISP_HD 74.25 HD display clock
CLK_DISP_ID 13.5 SD display clock
CLK_GDP2 74.25 GDP2 pixel clock (HD or SD)
CLK_656 54 DVO pixel clock
CLK_PIPE 150 Video pipeline processing clock
CLK_PP 150 Delta (H.264) pre-processor clock
CLK_IC_150 150 Interconnect clock 150 MHz
CLK_DAA 32.768 DAA clock
CLK_DSS 36.864 DSS clock
CLK_LPC Low power controller (LPC) clock
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CLK_TTXT 27 Teletext clock

CLK_SERLZR_HDMI 148.5 HDMI serializer clock
CLK_BCH_HDMI 148.5 HDMI BCH clock
CLK_TMDS_HDMI 74.25 HDMI TMDS clock
CLK_PIX_HDMI 74.25 HDMI pixel clock
The frequency of all clocks is programmable. The video clocks are particularly critical, since they
must be setup with respect to the display standard in use.
Table 69 gives some programming examples with respect to the targeted application.
Table 69: Video displays clocking for various application
SD progressive SD progressive
HD on main, HD on main, on main, on main,
SD on aux SD on aux SD interleaved SD interleaved SD
Clock signal on aux on aux interleaved
(GDP2 on (GDP2 on on main only
main) aux) (GDP2 on (GDP2 on
main) aux)
CLK_PIX_HD 148.5 148.5 108 108 108
CLK_DISP_HD 74.25 74.25 27 27 13.5
CLK_GDP2 74.25 13.5 27 13.5 13.5
CLK_PIX_SD 27 27 27 27 27 (from HD)
CLK_DISP_ID 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.5 Not used
CLK_656 Not used Not used 54 54 27
CLK_DISP_HDMI 74.25 74.25 27 27 13.5
CLK_TMDS_HDMI 74.25 74.25 27 27 27
CLK_BCH_HDMI 148.5 148.5 108 108 108
CLK_DLL_HDMI 148.5 148.5 108 108 108

STx7100 17 Clocks
17.3.3 Startup configuration

After the reset phase, clockgen B is by default configured with a 13.5 MHz display clock on both
the main and auxiliary video outputs.
Table 70: Clockgen B default configuration
Frequency
Clock name Description
(MHz)
CLK_PIX_HD 108 HD pixel clock
CLK_PIX_SD 27 SD pixel clock
CLK_DISP_HD 13.5 HD display clock
CLK_DISP_ID 13.5 SD display clock
CLK_GDP2 13.5 GDP2 pixel clock (HD or SD)
CLK_656 27 DVO pixel clock
CLK_PIPE 150 Video pipeline processing clock
CLK_PP 150 Delta (H.264) pre-processor clock
CLK_IC_150 150 Interconnect clock 150 MHz
CLK_DAA 32.768 DAA clock
CLK_DSS 36.864 DSS clock
CLK_LPC Low power controller clock
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CLK_TTXT 27 Teletext clock

CLK_SERLZR_HDMI 108 HDMI serializer clock
CLK_BCH_HDMI 108 HDMI BCH clock
CLK_TMDS_HDMI 27 HDMI TMDS clock
CLK_PIX_HDMI 13.5 HDMI pixel clock
17.3.4 Clock frequency change

The clock generator always starts with the default configuration defined above. Nevertheless the
frequency synthesizers FS0 and FS1 can be re-configured to produce different frequencies.
Clockgen programming: lock/unlock

To prevent any unwanted clockgen reprogramming, the CKGB_LCK register provides a
protection mechanism. This register must be written first with the keyword “0xC0DE” to authorize
any clockgen registers update. Writing any other value locks all clockgen B registers.
Clock ratio change without changing FS0 and FS1 programming

The clocks CLK_BCH_HDMI, CLK_TMDS_HDMI, CLK_PIX_HDMI, CLK_PIX_HD,
CLK_DISP_HD, CLK_656, CLK_GDP2, CLK_DISP_ID and CLK_PIX_SD are generated from a
master clock (from FS0 and FS1) which is then divided by programmable dividers (set to 2, 4, 8
or 1024). These dividers can be redefined on the fly via the register CKGB_DISP_CFG without
changing the FS0 and FS1 setup. The clockgen design ensures a glitch-free frequency change.

17 Clocks STx7100
FS0 and FS1 frequency definition

The frequencies generated by FS0 and FS1 are defined by the registers CKGB_FS0/1_MDx,
CKGB_FS0/1_PEx and CKGB_FS0/1_SDIVx and are given by the formula:
15
2 ⋅ F PLL
F out = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
⎛ ⎛ md ⎞ ⎞ ⎛ 15 ⎛ md + 1⎞ ⎞
sdiv × pe ⋅ 1 + ------- – ( pe – 2 ) ⋅ 1 + -----------------
⎝ ⎝ 32 ⎠ ⎠ ⎝ ⎝ 32 ⎠ ⎠
with FPLL = 216 MHz if the reference clock is 27 MHz or FPLL = 240 MHz if the reference clock is
30 MHz.
The MD, PE and PRG_EN parameters can be changed without creating glitches at the frequency
synthesizer output. Changing other parameters may cause glitches.
Procedure to change FS0 and FS1 frequency

1. Write 0xC0DE in register CKGB_LCK.
2. Set CKGB_FS0_PRG_ENx to 0.
3. Define CKGB_FS0_MDx, CKGB_FS0_PEx, CKGB_FS0_SDIVx for the targeted frequency.
4. Set CKGB_FS0_PRG_ENx to 1 to validate the new values.
5. Set CKGB_FS0_PRG_ENx to 0.
17.3.5 Clock slowing

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Most group B clocks can be divided to reduce power consumption with the register
CKGB_CLK_DIV without stopping the clocks.
17.3.6 Clock stopping

The PLL0 clocks CLK_ST40, CLK_ST40_IC can be stopped using the configuration register
CKGA_CLK_EN.
The PLL1 clocks CLK_ST231_AUD, CLK_ST231_DELTA, CLK_SYS_LMI_2X and
CLK_VID_LMI_2X can be stopped using the configuration register CKGA_CLK_EN.
17.3.7 Clock observation

Any group B clock can be routed and observed on the alternate PIO5[2] output pin.
The configuration register CKGB_CLKOUT_SEL selects the clock to be routed to the pad.

STx7100 17 Clocks
Figure 55: FS0 and FS1 clocks observation
CKGB_CLK_OUT_SEL[3:0]
CLK_BCH_HDMI 0
CLK_TMDS_HDMI 1
CLK_PIX_HDMI 2
CLK_PIX_HD 3
CLK_DISP_HD 4
CLK_656 5
SYS_CLK_OUT
CLK_GDP2 6
CLK_DISP_ID 7
CLK_PIX_SD 8
CLK_DSS 9
CLK_DAA 10
CLK_PIPE 11
CLK_TTXT 12
CLK_LPC 13
CLK_DVP 14
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17.3.8 Clock recovery

The clock recovery is a mechanism to adjust the locally generated clocks with the encoder clock
referenced in the PCR (program counter reference) located in the adaptation field of the
incoming transport stream.
The STx7100 generates three local clocks from internal frequency synthesizers using a fixed and
stable 27 or 30 MHz reference clock.
These three clocks are:
● CLK_PIX_SD used for SD display generated from FS0,
● CLKL_PIX_HD used for HD display generated from FS1,
● CLK_PCM used for audio output generated from FS2.
Clock recovery principle

The mechanism assumes that these three clocks are related one to the others.
The recovery is done as usual for the CLK_PIX_SD (generated from the frequency synthesizer
FS0) by comparing the 42-bits PCR value located in the adaptation field of the stream with the
local STC (system timer counter clocked by CLK_PIX_SD) value when a packet arrived. This
generates a potential correction that is applied to the frequency synthesizer FS0 to adjust the
CLK_PIX_SD clock. The frequency synthesizer is programmed with new setup values to slow or
accelerate the clock.
For audio PCM clock recovery, two counters are used:
● a PCM free-running counter clocked by the audio frequency synthesizer FS2,
● a reference counter clocked by the SD video frequency synthesizer FS0. The maximum
value of this counter is programmable defining the time interval between two consecutive
resets. This counter is used as a time-base.

17 Clocks STx7100
When the reference counter resets, the values of the free-running counter clocked by CLK_PCM
is captured into a readable register. This event generates an interrupt to the CPU (CRU_IRQ).
The CPU reads the value and compares it with the previously captured value. The difference
between two adjacent values gives an indication of the correction to apply to the PCM audio
frequency synthesizer FS2.
The decision to correct the frequency synthesizers setup is under the control of the software.
The same principle applies for the recovery of the CLK_PIX_HD. A free-running counter is
clocked from the HD video frequency synthesizer FS1. The same reference counter is used.
When this counter resets, then the output of the free-running counter clocked by CLK_PIX_HD is
captured into a readable register.
Clock recovery commands

The clock recovery module accepts a single command defined by register field
CKGB_CRU_CMD.ID.
When set to 1, this command loads the reference counter with the value defined in the register
CKGB_REF_MAX, resets the PCM counter and HD Video counter. Resetting this command to 0
starts the counters.
Clock recovery interrupt

An interrupt line is available, generated by the clock recovery unit. The interrupt is asserted when
the reference counter clocked at CLK_PIX_SD resets.
This interrupt status is captured in the CMD register and is cleared only when a 1 is written to
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bitfield CKGB_CRU_CMD.INT. Writing 0 enables new interrupts.
Block diagram
The clock recovery unit (CRU) block diagram is described in Figure 56.
Figure 56: Clock recovery unit block diagram
27/30 MHz reference clock

Counter
FS0 max value CRU_IRQ
SD Video DIN
CLK_PIX_SD IRQ
reference Zero
Frequency counter detect
synthesizer RST / LD
STBus interface
Command
register
FS2
RST LD
PCM Audio
CLK_PCM free-running PCM capture
PCM register
Frequency
counter
synthesizer
FS1
RST LD
HD Video CLK_PIX_HD free-running STBus
HD capture
HD register
Frequency counter
synthesizer

STx7100 18 Clock registers
18 Clock registers
18.1 Summary
Register addresses are provided as:
ClkABaseAddress + offset or ClkBBaseAddress + offset.
The ClkABaseAddress is:
0x1921 3000
The ClkBBaseAddress is:
0x1900 0000.
Table 71: Clock generator A register summary
Name Function Offset Reset value Type

CKGA_LCK Clockgen A lock 0x000 0x0000 0000 R/W
CKGA_MD_STA Mode pins status 0x004 from mode pins RO
CKGA_PLL0_CFG PLL0 configuration 0x008 from mode pins Mixed
Reserved Reserved 0x00C - -
CKGA_PLL0_LCK_STA PLL0 lock status 0x010 Undefined RO
CKGA_PLL0_CLK1 CLK_ST40 ratio 0x014 0x0000 0000 R/W
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CKGA_PLL0_CLK2 CLK_ST40_IC ratio 0x018 0x0000 0001

CKGA_PLL0_CLK3 CLK_ST40_PER ratio 0x01C 0x0000 0000
CKGA_PLL0_CLK4 CLK_FDMA ratio 0x020 0x0000 0000
CKGA_PLL1_CFG PLL1 configuration 0x024 From mode pins
Reserved Reserved 0x028 - -
CKGA_PLL1_LCK_STA PLL1 lock status 0x02C Undefined RO
CKGA_CLK_DIV Clocks division 0x030 0x0000 0000 R/W
CKGA_CLK_EN Clocks enabling/stopping 0x034 0x0000 003f
CKGA_CLKOUT_SEL SYSCLKOUT clock source selection 0x038 0x0000 0000
CKGA_PLL1_BYPASS PLL1 bypass and FDMA clock source 0x03C From mode pins
Table 72: Clock generator B register summary

Clock recovery
CKGB_REF_MAX Max value for CRU reference counter 0x000 0x0000 0000 R/W
CKGB_CMD CRU command register 0x004 0x0000 0001
CKGB_CPT_PCM CRU captured audio PCM counter value 0x008 0x0000 0000
CKGB_CPT_HD CRU captured HD video counter value 0x00C 0x0000 0000
Configuration
CKGB_LCK Clockgen B lock 0x010 0x0000 0000 R/W
CKGB_FS0_CFG Global FS0 parameters 0x014 0x0000 0018
CKGB_FS0_MD1 FS0 channel 1 coarse selection 0x018 0x0000 0011
CKGB_FS0_PE1 FS0 channel 1 fine selection 0x01C 0x0000 1C72
CKGB_FS0_PRG_EN1 FS0 channel 1 programming enable 0x020 0x0000 0001
CKGB_FS0_SDIV1 FS0 channel 1 output clock divider 0x024 0x0000 0001

18 Clock registers STx7100
Table 72: Clock generator B register summary

CKGB_FS0_MD2 FS0 channel 2 coarse selection 0x028 0x0000 001A R/W
CKGB_FS0_PE2 FS0 channel 2 fine selection 0x02C 0x0000 7AAB
CKGB_FS0_MD3 FS0 channel 3 coarse selection 0x038 0x0000 001D
CKGB_FS0_PE3 FS0 channel 3 fine selection 0x03C 0x0000 5A00
Reserved - 0x048 - 0x054 - -
CKGB_FS0_PWR_DN FS1 digital part power-down/up 0x058 0x0000 0077 R/W
CKGB_FS1_CFG Global FS1 parameters 0x05C 0x0000 0018
CKGB_FS1_PE1 FS1 channel 1 fine selection 0x064 0x0000 1C72
CKGB_FS1_SDIV1 FS1 channel 1 output clock divider 0x06C 0x0000 0003
CKGB_FS1_PE2 FS1 channel 2 fine selection 0x074 0x0000 3333
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CKGB_FS1_PE3 FS1 channel 3 fine selection 0x084 0x0000 1C72
CKGB_FS1_PE4 FS1 channel 4 fine selection 0x094 0x0000 0000
CKGB_FS1_PWR_DN FS1 digital part power-down/up 0x0A0 0x0000 00FF
CKGB_DISP_CFG Video display clocks configuration 0x0A4 0x0000 0469
CKGB_CLK_SRC Clock source selection 0x0A8 0x0000 0006
CKGB_CLK_DIV Individual clocks division 0x0AC 0x0000 0200
CKGB_CLK_EN Individual clocks enable 0x0B0 0x0000 3FFF
CKGB_CLKOUT_SEL Clocks observation selection 0x0B4 0x0000 0000
CKGB_REF_CLK_SEL Reference clock source selection 0x0B8 0

18.2 Clock generator A
CKGA_LCK Clockgen A lock
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved LCK
Address: ClkABaseAddress + 0x000

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Must be written with the value 0xC0DE to write to any clockgen A configuration register.
CKGA_MD_STA Mode pins status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved MD

Type: RO
Reset: Captured during reset
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Description: Reports the status of the mode pins captured during the power-on-reset.
[31:4] Reserved
[3:2] MD[3:2]: PLL1 startup configuration
[1:0] MD[1:0]: PLL0 startup configuration

CKGA_PLL0_CFG PLL0 configuration
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PLL0_BYPASS
PLL0_PDIV
PLL0_EN
Reserved PLL0_NDIV PLL0_MDIV

Type: R/W
Reset: See Table 73 and Table 74.
Description: Defines the PLL0 setup. The reset values are function of the mode pins values captured
during the reset.
[31:21] Reserved
Bit 21 must be set to 0.
[20] PLL0_BYPASS
0: PLL0 output clock is used
1: PLL0 is bypass - SYSACLIN clock is used
[19] PLL0_EN: PLLO enable
0: PLL0 is in power-down mode
1: PLL0 is enabled
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[18:16] PLL0_PDIV: ‘2^P’ post-divider ratio - from 1 to 32

[15:8] PLL0_NDIV: N feedback divider ratio - from 3 to 255
[7:0] PLL0_MDIV: M pre-divider ratio - from 1 to 255
The reset values of CKGA_PLL0_CFG depends on MD[1:0], as described in Table 73

and Table 74.
Table 73: PLL0_CFG reset values
MD[1:0] MDIV NDIV PDIV Enable PLL0 CLKOUT (MHz)

00 0x06 (6) 0x3B (59) 0x0 1 531
01 0x1B (27) 0xC8 (200) 0x0 1 400
10 0x06 (6) 0x3B (59) 0x0 0 27 (PLL bypassed)
11 0x09 (9) 0x64 (100) 0x0 1 600
Table 74: PLL0_CFG reset values
PLL0 PLL0
MD[1:0] bit 21 Description
bypass enable
00 0 0 1 PLL0_CLKOUT selected - PLL0 on
10 0 1 0 SYSA_CLK_IN selected - PLL0 off

The PLL0 frequency is given by the formula:
2 × N × F sysaclkin
F PLL0 = ----------------------------------------------
-
P
M× 2
with:
N in the interval [3, 255],
M in the interval [1, 255],
P in the interval [1, 32].
CKGA_PLL0_LCK_STA PLL0 lock status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LCK
Reserved

Type: RO
Reset: Undefined
Description: Describes the lock status of the PLL0.
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0: PLL0 is unlocked
1: PLL0 is locked
CKGA_PLL0_CLK1 CLK_ST40 ratio
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved RATIO

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Defines the clock ratio of the CLK_ST40 clock (PLL1_CLK1) with respect to the PLL0
output clock.
000: Ratio 1:1
001: Ratio 1:2
010: Ratio 1:3
011: Ratio 1:4
100: Ratio 1:6
101: Ratio 1:8
110: Ratio 1:1
111: Ratio 1:1

CKGA_PLL0_CLK2 CLK_ST40 IC ratio
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved RATIO

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Defines the clock ratio of the CLK_ST40_IC clock (PLL1_CLK2) with respect to the
PLL0 output clock (MAIN_CLOCK).
000: Ratio 1:1
001: Ratio 1:2
010: Ratio 1:3
011: Ratio 1:4
100: Ratio 1:6
101: Ratio 1:8
110: Ratio 1:2
111: Ratio 1:2
CKGA_PLL0_CLK3 CLK_ST40_PER ratio
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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Reserved RATIO
Address: ClkABaseAddress + 0x01C

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Defines the clock ratio of the CLK_ST40_PER clock (PLL1_CLK3) with respect to the
PLL0 output clock (MAIN_CLOCK).
000: Ratio 1:4
001: Ratio 1:2
010: Ratio 1:4
011: Ratio 1:4
100: Ratio 1:6
101: Ratio 1:8
110: Ratio 1:4
111: Ratio 1:4

CKGA_PLL0_CLK4 CLK_FDMA ratio
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved RATIO

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Defines the clock ratio of the CLK_FDMA clock (PLL1_CLK41) with respect to the PLL0
output clock (MAIN_CLOCK).
000: Ratio 1:1
001: Ratio 1:2
010: Ratio 1:3
011: Ratio 1:4
100: Ratio 1:6
101: Ratio 1:8
110: Ratio 1:3
111: Ratio 1:3
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1. Also used for CLK_MPEG2

CKGA_PLL1_CFG PLL1 configuration
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PLL1_MDIV
PLL1_NDIV
PLL1_PDIV
PLL1_EN
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: See Table 75
Description: Defines PLL1 setup. The reset values are functions of the mode pins values captured
during the reset.
[31:20] Reserved
[19] PLL1_EN: PLL1 enable
0: PLL is in power-down mode.
1: PLL is on.
[18:16] PLL1_PDIV: ‘2^P’ post-divider ratio - from 1 to 32
[15:8] PLL1_NDIV: N feedback divider ratio - from 1 to 255
[7:0] PLL1_MDIV: M pre-divider ratio - from 1 to 255
The reset values of PLL1_CFG fields depends on MD[2:0] as described in Table 75.
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Table 75: PLL1_CFG startup values
MD[3:2] MDIV NDIV PDIV Enable PLL1_CLKOUT (MHz)

00 0x1B (27) 0xC8 0x0 1 400
01 0x03 (3) 0x25 0x1 1 333
10 0x1B (27) 0x85 0x0 1 266
11 0x06 (6) 0x3B 0x0 0 27 (PLL bypassed)
The PLL1 frequency is given by the formula:
2 × N × F sysaclkin
F PLL1 = ----------------------------------------------
-
M× P
with:
N in the interval [3, 255],
M in the interval [1, 255],
P in the interval [1, 32].

CKGA_PLL1_LCK_STA PLL1 lock status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LCK
Reserved

Type: RO
Reset: Undefined
Description: Describes the lock status of PLL1.
0: PLL1 is unlocked
1: PLL1 is locked
CKGA_CLK_DIV Clocks division
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CLK_ST231_DELTA_DIV
CLK_ST231_AUD_DIV
CLK_SYS_LMI2X_DIV
CLK_VID_LMI2X_DIV
Reserved
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Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Allows some of the clocks generated from the PLL1 to be reduced in frequency. Can be
used to minimize power consumption without stopping the clocks.
[31:4] Reserved
[3] CLK_VID_LMI2X_DIV
0: Nominal frequency value
1: CLK_VID_LMI_2X clock is divided by 1024
[2] CLK_SYS_LMI2X_DIV
1: CLK_SYS_LMI_2X clock is divided by 1024
[1] CLK_ST231_DELTA_DIV
1: CLK_ST231_DELTA clock is divided by 1024
[0] CLK_ST231_AUD_DIV
1: CLK_ST231_AUD clock is divided by 1024

CKGA_CLK_EN Clocks enabling/stopping
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CLK_ST231_DELTA_EN
CLK_ST231_AUD_EN
CLK_LMI2X_SYS_EN
CLK_LMI2X_VID_EN
CLK_ST40_IC_EN
CLK_ST40_EN
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset:
Description: Switches on or off a number of clocks generated from PLL0 and PLL1.
[31:6] Reserved
[5] CLK_LMI2X_VID_EN: CLK_LMI_2X_VID clock enable
0: Stop 1: Enable
[4] CLK_LMI2X_SYS_EN: CLK_LMI_2X_SYS clock
0: Stop 1: Enable
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[3] CLK_ST40_IC_EN: CLK_ST40_IC clock

0: Stop 1: Enable
[2] CLK_ST40_EN: CLK_ST40 clock enable
0: Stop 1: Enable
[1] CLK_ST231_DELTA_EN: CLK_ST231_DELTA clock enable
0: Stop 1: Enable
[0] CLK_ST231_AUD_EN: CLK_ST231_AUD clock enable
0: Stop 1: Enable

CKGA_CLKOUT_SEL SYSCLKOUT clock source selection
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved CLKOUT_SEL

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Selects which clock of clockgen A to be routed to the SYSCLKOUT pin.
Table 76: SYSCLOUT pin source
CLKOUT_SEL SYSCLKOUT CLKOUT_SEL SYSCLKOUT

0000 CLK_ST40 1000 CLK_VID_LMI_2X
0001 CLK_ST40_IC 1001 CLK_IC
0010 CLK_ST40_PER 1010 CLK_IC_DIV2
0011 CLK_FDMA 1011 CLK_EMI
0100 CLK_MPEG 1100 to 1111 Reserved
0101 CLK_ST231_AUD 1101
0110 CLK_ST231_DELTA 1110
0111 CLK_SYS_LMI_2X 1111
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CKGA_PLL1_BYPASS PLL1 bypass and FDMA clock source
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
FDMA_CLK_SRC
PLL1_BYPASS
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: See below
Description: Provides a control bit (PLL1_BYPASS) to bypass the PLL1 output clock and to use the
clock driving the SYSACLKIN input pin (usually 27 MHz). This feature must be used
when changing the PLL1 configuration.
The bit FDMA_CLK_SRC allows selection of either PLL0 (default) or PLL1 as a clock
source.
[31:2] Reserved
[1] PLL1_BYPASS
0: PLL1_CLKOUT is used
1: PLL1_CLKOUT is bypassed and SYSA_CLK_IN clock is used instead
Reset: From mode pins
[0] FDMA_CLK_SRC
0: PLL0 is the PLL source for CLK_FDMA
1: PLL1 is the source PLL for CLK_FDMA
Reset: 0

18.3 Clock generator B
CKGB_REF_MAX Max value for CRU reference counter
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
REF_MAX
Address: ClkBBaseAddress + 0x000

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Load value of the reference counter for the video clock recovery. The reference counter
resets each time it reaches this value.
CKGB_CRU_CMD CRU command
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved INT LD

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x01
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Description: Holds the load command that can be applied to the clock recovery unit.
When the load command is set to ‘1’ the reference counter is loaded with REF_MAX,
PCM and HD counters are reset to zero.
When the load command is reset to ‘0’, this starts the count.
This register also holds the interrupt status. When written to, the interrupt is cleared.
The counters and interrupt generation can be stopped by setting LD to ‘1’ after a clear
interrupt has occurred.
[31:2] Reserved
[1] INT
Read: get the interrupt status
1: interrupt has occurred and the counters can be read
0: no interrupt
Write:
1: clear the current interrupt
0: allows the next interrupt to occur
[0] LD
0: start the counters
1: reset the counters and load the REF_MAX value

CKGB_CPT_PCM CRU captured audio PCM counter value
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CPT_PCM

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Value captured at the output of the PCM counter when an interrupt has occurred.
CKGB_CPT_HD CRU captured HD video counter value
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CPT_HD
Address: ClkBBaseAddress + 0x00C

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Value captured at the output of the HD counter when an interrupt has occurred.
CKGB_LCK Clockgen B lock

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31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved LCK

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Must be written with the value 0xC0DE to access any clockgen B configuration register.

CKGB_FS0_CFG Global FS0 parameters
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
FS0_SELBW
FS0_NPDA
FS0_NRST
FS0_NDIV
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0018
Description: Defines the FS0 frequency synthesizer global parameters.
[31:5] Reserved
[4] FS0_NPDA: Analog power down mode
0: Analog power down
1: Analog power up
[3] FS0_NRST: Software reset
0: Reset active
1: Running
[2:1] FS0_SELBW: Bandwidth selection for ref clock noise reduction
00: Good reference (bandwidth = 2.4 MHz)
01: Very bad reference (bandwidth = 0.8 MHz)
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10: Bad reference (bandwidth = 1.2 MHz)

11: Very good reference (bandwidth = 4 MHz)
[0] FS0_NDIV: Select the input frequency, if NDIV is set to
0: Ref clock frequency must be 27/30 MHz
CKGB_FS0_MD1 FS0 channel 1 coarse selection
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved FS0_MD1

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0011
Description: Defines the MD1 parameter (coarse selection) for the frequency synthesizer FS0
channel 1.
The MD1 reset value is defined to generate a frequency of 108 MHz on CLK_PIX_HD.
CKGB_FS0_PE1 FS0 channel 1 fine selection
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved FS0_PE1

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x1C72
Description: Defines the PE1 parameter (fine selection) for the frequency synthesizer FS0
channel 1.
The PE1 reset value is defined to generate a frequency of 108 MHz on CLK_PIX_HD.

CKGB_FS0_PRG_EN1 FS0 channel 1 programming enable
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
FS0_PRG_EN1
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x01
Description: Defines the PRG_EN parameter (programming enable) for the frequency synthesizer
FS0 channel 1. This parameter must be set to 1 to take into account a new
configuration.
0: PE1 and MD1 parameters are ignored
1: PE1 and MD1 parameters are taken into account
CKGB_FS0_SDIV1 FS0 channel 1 output clock divider
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved FS0_SDIV1
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Type: R/W
Reset: 0x01
Description: Defines the SDIV1 parameter (output divider control) for the frequency synthesizer FS0
channel 1, from 1 to 256.
The SDIV1 reset value is defined to generate a frequency of 108 MHz on CLK_PIX_HD.
To generate a frequency of 148.5 MHz the following parameters can be used:
SDIV1 = 0x0
MD1 = 0x19
PE1 = 0x121A
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved FS0_MD2

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x001A
channel 2.

31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved FS0_PE2

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x7AAB
Description: Defines the MD2 parameter (fine selection) for the frequency synthesizer FS0
channel 2.
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
FS0_PRG_EN2
Reserved

Type: R/W
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Reset: 0x01
configuration.
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved FS0_SDIV2

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x02
channel 2; allowed values are from 2 to 256.
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved FS0_MD3

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x1D
channel 3.

31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved FS0_PE3

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x5A00
channel 3.
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
FS0_PRG_EN3
Reserved

Type: R/W
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Reset: 0x01
configuration.
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved FS0_SDIV3

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x02
channel 3.

CKGB_FS0_PWR_DN FS1 digital part power-down/up
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
FS0_SEL_CLK_OUT
FS0_NSB
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x77
Description: Controls the standby mode of the FS0 digital part.
[31:8] Reserved
[7:4] FS0_SEL_CLK_OUT
Must be set to 0x7
[3:0] FS0_NSB
Control independently the standby mode of the digital part of the 4 channels - Active low.
CKGB_FS1_CFG Global FS1 parameters

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31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
FS1_SELBW
FS1_NPDA
FS1_NRST
FS1_NDIV
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x18
Description: Defines the FS1 frequency synthesizer global parameters.
[31:5] Reserved
[4] FS1_NPDA: Analog power down mode
0: Analog power down
1: Analog power up
[3] FS1_NRST: Software reset
0: Reset active
1: Running
[2:1] FS1_SELBW: Bandwidth selection for ref clock noise reduction
00: Good reference (bandwidth = 2.4 MHz)
01: Very bad reference (bandwidth = 0.8 MHz)
10: Bad reference (bandwidth = 1.2 MHz)
11: Very good reference (bandwidth = 4 MHz)
[0] FS1_NDIV: Select the input frequency, if NDIV is set to

CKGB_FS1_MD1 FS1 channel 1 coarse selection (CLK_DISP_ID)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved FS1_MD1

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x09
channel 1.
CKGB_FS1_PE1 FS1 channel 1 fine selection (CLK_DISP_ID)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved FS0_PE1

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x1C72
channel 1.
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CKGB_FS1_PRG_EN1 FS1 channel 1 programming enable (CLK_DISP_ID)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
FS1_PRG_EN1
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x1
configuration.
CKGB_FS1_SDIV1 FS1 channel 1 output clock divider (CLK_DISP_ID)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved FS1_SDIV1

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x03
channel 1.

CKGB_FS1_MD2 FS1 channel 2 coarse selection (CLK_PIPE)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved FS1_MD2

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x19
channel 2.
CKGB_FS1_PE2 FS1 channel 2 fine selection (CLK_PIPE)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved FS1_PE2

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x3333
channel 2.
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CKGB_FS1_PRG_EN2 FS1 channel 2 programming enable (CLK_PIPE)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
FS1_PRG_EN2
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 1
configuration.
CKGB_FS1_SDIV2 FS1 channel 2 output clock divider (CLK_PIPE)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved FS1_SDIV2

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
channel 2.

31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved FS1_MD3

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x11
channel 3.
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved FS1_PE3

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x1C72
channel 3.
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31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
FS1_PRG_EN3
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 1
configuration.
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved FS1_SDIV3

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x03
channel 3. Range: from 2 to 256.

CKGB_FS1_MD4 FS1 channel 4 coarse selection (CLK_LPC)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved FS1_MD4

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x13
channel 4.
CKGB_FS1_PE4 FS1 channel 4 fine selection (CLK_LPC)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved FS1_PE4

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x00
channel 4.
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CKGB_FS1_PRG_EN4 FS1 channel 4 programming enable (CLK_LPC)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
FS1_PRG_EN3
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 1
configuration.
1: PE3 and MD3 parameters are taken into account.
CKGB_FS1_SDIV4 FS1 channel 4 output clock divider (CLK_LPC)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved FS1_SDIV4

Type: R/W
Reset: 2
channel 4. Range: from 2 to 256.

CKGB_FS1_PWR_DN FS1 digital part power-down/up
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved FS1_NSB
Address: ClkBBaseAddress + 0x0A0

Type: R/W
Reset: 0xFF
Description: Controls stand-by mode of the FS1 digital part.
[31:4] Reserved
Must be set to 7.
[3:0] FS1_NSB
Control independently the stand-bye mode of the digital part of the four channels - Active low.
CKGB_DISP_CFG Video display clocks configuration
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CLK_DISP_HD_SEL
CLK_DISP_ID_SEL
CLK_PIX_SD_SEL
CLK_TMDS_HDMI
CLK_PIX_HDMI
CLK_656_SEL
Reserved
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Type: R/W
Reset: 0x469
Description: HD and SD video display clocks configuration.
[31:12] Reserved
[11:10] CLK_PIX_SD_SEL
00: CLK_PIX_SD = CLK_FS0_CHAN1 / 2 10: CLK_PIX_SD = CLK_FS0_CHAN1 / 8
01: CLK_PIX_SD = CLK_FS0_CHAN1 / 4 11: CLK_PIX_SD = CLK_FS0_CHAN1 / 2
[9:8] CLK_DISP_ID_SEL
00: CLK_DISP_ID = CLK_FS1_CHAN1 / 2 10: CLK_DISP_ID = CLK_FS1_CHAN1 / 8
01: CLK_DISP_ID = CLK_FS1_CHAN1 / 4 11: CLK_DISP_ID = CLK_FS1_CHAN1 / 2
[7:6] CLK_656_SEL
00: CLK_656 = CLK_FS0_CHAN1 / 2 10: CLK_656 = CLK_FS0_CHAN1 / 8
01: CLK_656 = CLK_FS0_CHAN1 / 4 11: CLK_656 = CLK_FS0_CHAN1 / 2
[5:4] CLK_DISP_HD_SEL
00: CLK_DISP_HD = CLK_FS0_CHAN1 / 2 10: CLK_DISP_HD = CLK_FS0_CHAN1 / 8
01: CLK_DISP_HD = CLK_FS0_CHAN1 / 4 11: CLK_DISP_HD = CLK_FS0_CHAN1 / 2
[3:2] CLK_PIX_HDMI
00: CLK_PIX_HDMI = CLK_FS0_CHAN1 / 2 10: CLK_PIX_HDMI = CLK_FS0_CHAN1 / 8
01: CLK_PIX_HDMI = CLK_FS0_CHAN1 / 4 11: CLK_PIX_HDMI = CLK_FS0_CHAN1 / 2
[1:0] CLK_TMDS_HDMI
00: CLK_TMDS_HDMI = CLK_FS0_CHAN1 / 2 10: CLK_TMDS_HDMI = CLK_FS0_CHAN1 / 8
01: CLK_TMDS_HDMI = CLK_FS0_CHAN1 / 4 11: CLK_TMDS_HDMI = CLK_FS0_CHAN1 / 2

CKGB_CLK_SRC Clock source selection
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CLK_PIX_SD_SRC
CLK_GDP2_SRC
CLK_DVP_SRC
CLK_DVP_CPT
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x06
Description: Defines the clock source when more than one source is possible.
[31:4] Reserved
[3] CLK_DVP_CPT: CLK_DVP capture
0: CLK_DVP sourced from VIDINCLK input pin
1: CLK_DVP sourced from frequency synthesizers
[2] CLK_DVP_SRC
0: CLK_DVP sourced from FS0
1: CLK_DVP sourced from FS1
Note: CLK_DVP sourced from frequency synthesizers only if CLK_DVP_CPT=1
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[1] CLK_PIX_SD_SRC
0: CLK_PIX_SD sourced from FS0
1: CLK_PIX_SD sourced from FS1
[0] CLK_GDP2_SRC
0: CLK_GDP2 sourced from FS0
1: CLK_GDP2 sourced from FS1

CKGB_CLK_DIV Individual clocks division
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CLK_TMDS_HDMI_DIV
CLK_BCH_HDMI_DIV
CLK_PIX_HDMI_DIV
CLK_DISP_HD_DIV
CLK_DISP_ID_DIV
CLK_PIX_HD_DIV
CLK_PIX_SD_DIV
CLK_PIPE_DIV
CLK_LPC_DIV
CLK_656_DIV
Reserved
Address: ClkBBaseAddress + 0xAC

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Run clocks generated from clock generator B at nominal or reduced frequency, allowing
reduced power consumption. The clock affected is shown by the name of the bitfield, for
example CLK_LPC_DIV controls CLK_LPC.
0: Run at nominal frequency
1: Run at 1/1024 frequency
[31:10] Reserved
[9] CLK_LPC_DIV
[8] CLK_PIPE_DIV
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[7] CLK_PIX_SD_DIV
[6] CLK_DISP_ID_DIV
[5] CLK_656_DIV
[4] CLK_DISP_HD_DIV
[3] CLK_PIX_HD_DIV
[2] CLK_PIX_HDMI_DIV
[1] CLK_TMDS_HDMI_DIV
[0] CLK_BCH_HDMI_DIV

CKGB_CLK_EN Individual clocks enable
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CLK_TMDS_HDMI_EN
CLK_BCH_HDMI_EN
CLK_PIX_HDMI_EN
CLK_DISP_HD_EN
CLK_DISP_ID_EN
CLK_PIX_HD_EN
CLK_PIX_SD_EN
CLK_GDP2_EN
CLK_TTXT_EN
CLK_PIPE_EN
CLK_DSS_EN
CLK_DAA_EN
CLK_LPC_EN
CLK_656_EN
Reserved
Address: ClkBBaseAddress + 0x0B0

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x2FFF
Description: Stop or enable clocks generated from clock generator B. The clock affected is shown by
the name of the bitfield, for example CLK_LPC_EN controls CLK_LPC.
0: Stop
1: Enable
[31:14] Reserved
[13] CLK_LPC_EN
[12] CLK_TTXT_EN
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[11] CLK_PIPE_EN
[10] CLK_PIX_HDMI_EN
[9] CLK_PIX_SD_EN
[8] CLK_DISP_ID_EN
[7] CLK_GDP2_EN
[6] CLK_656_EN
[5] CLK_TMDS_HDMI_EN
[4] CLK_DISP_HD_EN
[3] CLK_PIX_HD_EN
[2] CLK_BCH_HDMI_EN
[1] CLK_DSS_EN
[0] CLK_DAA_EN

CKGB_CLKOUT_SEL Clocks observation selection
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved CLKOUT_SEL

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Selects which clock of clockgen B to be routed to the PIO5[2] (SYSCLKOUTB) pin.
Table 77: PIO5[2] pin source
CLKOUT_SEL SYSCLKOUTB CLKOUT_SEL SYSCLKOUTB

0000 CLK_BCH_HDMI 1000 CLK_PIX_SD
0001 CLK_TMDS_HDMI 1001 CLK_DSS
0010 CLK_PIX_HDMI 1010 CLK_DAA
0011 CLK_PIX_HD 1011 CLK_PIPE/CLK_PP/CLK_IC_150
0100 CLK_DISP_HD 1100 CLK_TTXT
0101 CLK_656 1101 CLK_LPC
0110 CLK_GDP2 1110 CLK_DVP
0111 CLK_DISP_ID 1111 Reserved
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CKGB_REFCLK_SEL Reference clock source selection
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
REFCLK_SEL
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Allows selection of clockgen B reference clock. this can be either the internal 30 MHz
clock used by the SATA and USB interfaces or an external clock connected to the
SYSBCLKINALT pin.
0: Internal 30 MHz clock
1: External clock

19 Low-power modes STx7100
19 Low-power modes
19.1 Overview
Power saving can be achieved by halting the ST40 CPU and stopping or reducing the clock
frequencies. The ST231 CPU clocks can either be stopped or kept running at a low frequency. In
addition, a number of functional blocks can be disabled.
Reducing the clocks’ frequency dramatically reduces the power consumption, and still enables
the execution of some software.
When the ST40 is in one of the low-power modes (“sleep” or “standby”), it can be woken up
either by a reset, an NMI interrupt, an ST40 peripheral interrupt or an external interrupt.
Before entering the low-power modes, the DDRs can be set in self-refresh mode via a special
sequence of the memory controller.
The code to be executed by the CPU when it is awoken must reside in EMI if the DDRs are in
self-refresh mode. In that case, the EMI clock must be kept running at a low frequency.
The different functional units involved in the low-power feature are:
● the ST40, which can be halted by executing the SLEEP instruction,
● the clock generators A, B and C, which can be configured by software to generate low-
frequency clocks. They can also automatically enter the low-power mode when they detect
an event from the low-power controller (LPC) and automatically exit from low-power mode
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when a wake-up interrupt is detected by the ILC. In low-power mode, the clocks are
automatically divided by 1024. The unnecessary clocks can be stopped by configuration
registers,
● the IRB/UHF Rx processor, which can detect an activity on the IRB/UHF inputs (PIO3[3]
and PIO3[4]) and can generate a wake-up interrupt to the ST40 and exit the clock
generators from their low-power mode,
● the ILC, which must be configured to map the ST40 interrupts IRL(3-0) to 4 of the following
external interrupts: SYSITRQ(3-0), UHF_WAKEUP (PIO3[4]), IRDA_WAKEUP (PIO3[3]).
These signals are connected to the ILC (EXT_INT[5-0] input pins in Figure 57 below) and
can be used as a wake-up interrupt for the ST40 (see Table 78 below).
● the low-power controller (LPC), which includes a 40-bit low-power alarm counter (LPA). The
LPC is used to put the clock generators in low-power mode. The LPA timer is used to exit
from low-power after a user-defined delay. The LPA timer is clocked by the CLK_LPC clock
defined in clock generator B.
The ILC wake-up interrupt sources are described in Table 78 below.
Table 78: ILC external wake-up interrupt
ILC external
Interrupt
interrupt Description
source
input
EXT_INT(0) SYSITRQ(0) External interrupt input
EXT_INT(4) IRB wake-up Wake-up interrupt from the IRB Rx
EXT_INT(5) NMI Non-maskable interrupt

STx7100 19 Low-power modes
Figure 57 describes the connections between those units.
Figure 57: STx7100 low-power diagram
IRL[3:0]
NMI
NMI ST40
Internal
interrupt INTC
sources ST40 clocks
Clockgen A ST231 clocks

ST231
ST231
video clocks NMI
Clockgen B
STBus
low power
mode
LPC low-power wake-up
LPA
ILC
ILC_IRB_WAKEUP
UHF data 5 ILC_EXT_OUT[7:4]
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PIO3(4) IRB Rx EXT

4
wake-up INT ILC_EXT_OUT[3:0]
IR data IRB wake-up interrupt (3-0)
PIO3(3)
SYSITRQ(3:0)
output
enable SYS_CFG10[3:0]
19.2 ST40 low-power modes

The ST40 provides two low-power modes which halt the CPU:
● sleep,
● standby.
When it is in sleep mode, the ST40 is halted, its registers are held, but the ST40 peripherals
continue to operate.
When it is in standby mode, the ST40 is halted, its registers are held, but the ST40 peripherals
are stopped.
Transition to sleep and standby modes

If a SLEEP instruction is executed with bit STDBY of register CPG.STBCR. set to 0, then the
ST40 switches from the program execution state to sleep mode (See Chapter 4: CPUs
on page 36). If the SLEEP instruction is executed with bit STDBY set to 1, then the ST40 enters
the standby mode.
Exiting from sleep and standby modes

A reset, or a NMI interrupt or an external interrupt IRL(3-0) can be used to exit from both sleep
and standby modes.

19 Low-power modes STx7100
19.3 Reducing or/and stopping the clocks

Most of the clocks generated by the clockgen A and clockgen B can be put in low-power mode
(divided by 1024). This can be achieved either by programming the clock generator configuration
registers or automatically using the LPA (low power alarm) timer of the LPC (low power
controller) module.
Using the clock generators configuration registers

See also Chapter 17: Clocks on page 147 and Chapter 18: Clock registers on page 161.
All clocks can be programmed through configuration registers to be slowed by a factor of 1024
except the following:
● ST40 clocks (CLK_ST40, CLK_ST40_IC, CLK_ST40_PER),
● MPEG2 decoder clock,
● FDMA clock,
● interconnect and EMI clocks (CLK_IC, CLK_IC_DIV2, CLK_EMI),
● Delta decoder processing clock (CLK_PP),
● SmartCard, DAA and RTC clocks (CLK_DSS, CLK_DAA, CLK_RTC).
Before entering a low-power mode, these clocks can be redefined with a lower frequency or
stopped.
To exit from low-power mode, the clock generator configuration registers must be reprogrammed.
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Using the low power alarm

A global power-down command can be issued by the LPC controller. Bit 0 of register
LPC_LPA_STRT must be set to 1 to enter the low-power mode.
First, a value must be written to the LPC_LPA registers to initialize the LPA timer. When the LPA
counter reaches 0 then a global power-down event is generated that automatically exits the clock
generators from the low-power mode. The clock nominal frequencies are then restored.
The duration of the LPA countdown can range from a few milliseconds to several hundred days.
Programming the minimum frequency for the ST40, EMI and interconnect clocks
To minimize power consumption, the ST40, interconnect and EMI clocks can be programmed to
their smallest value.
This value is obtained when clockgen A PLL0 and PLL1 are set up for 6.25 MHz (MDIV=27,
NDIV=100, PDIV=32). Hence, the ST40 clocks become 3.125 MHz, 1.5625 MHz and 781 kHz.
The interconnect clocks become 3.125 MHz and 1.5625 MHz and the EMI clock becomes
781 kHz.
19.4 ILC interrupt controller: wake-up interrupt

The ILC is used to configure the wake-up interrupt. The registers ILC_WAKEUP_EN and
ILC_WAKEUP_ACTIVE_LEVEL must be configured to define which interrupt will be used as a
wake-up interrupt and its active polarity.
The ILC must also be configured to map the four ST40 external interrupts IRL(3-0) to the ILC
inputs EXT_INT(5-0). For this purpose the registers ILC_SET_EN2, ILC_EXT_MODEn and
ILC_EXT_PRIORITYn must be set accordingly. This interrupt is then used as a wake-up interrupt
to exit the ST40 from its sleep or standby mode.
For more details on ILC programming, see Chapter 22: Interrupt system on page 195.

STx7100 19 Low-power modes
19.5 DDR self-refresh

To put the system LMI DDR in self-refresh mode, the CPU must set
SYS_CFG11.LMI_SYS_PWRD_REQ (bit 28, DDR power-down request) to 1. For the video LMI
DDRs, SYS_CFG11.LMI_VID_PWR_DN_REQ (bit 30) must be set to 1.
This write operation activates the power-down protocol of the memory controller (LMI core). The
memory controller completes all the outstanding operations and then puts the DDRs in self-
refresh mode. When the system DDRs are in self-refresh mode,
SYS_STA12.LMI_SYS_PWRD_ACK[28] (system DDR power-down acknowledge) is set. When
the video DDRs are in self-refresh mode, SYS_STA13.LMI_VID_PWRD_ACK[28] is set.
As soon as this acknowledge is received, the LMI clocks (in clockgen A) can be switched off or
slowed down.
After exiting low-power mode, the DDR padlogic DLLs and the memory controller must be reset
using SYS_CFG11.LMI_SYS_RST_N[6] and SYS_CFG11.LMI_VID_RST_N[15].
19.6 Low-power mode sequence

Entering the low-power modes
1. Configure the ILC to determine which interrupt will be used to exit the ST40 from sleep or
standby mode. This interrupt (IRB, NMI or external) is routed to the ST40. The same
interrupt must be declared as a wake-up interrupt for the LPC controller.
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Example: use EXT_INT(4) as a wake-up interrupt (corresponds to IRB wake-up)

set bit 4 of ILC_WAKEUP_EN to define EXT_INT(4) as a wake-up interrupt
set bit 4 of ILC_WAKEUP_ACTIVE_LEVEL to define the active level of the interrupt
set bit 4 of ILC_SET_EN2 to enable EXT_INT(4)
write 0x01 in register ILC_EXT_MODE4 to define a high-level interrupt
write 0x8004 in register ILC_EXT_PRIORITY4 to map the EXT_INT(4) interrupt to the ST40
IRL(0)
2. Put the DDRs in self-refresh mode
3. Configure the clockgen A and B to stop the unnecessary clocks and to slow-down the ST40,
EMI and interconnect clocks.
4. Configure the LPA counter time-out by writing in LPC_LPA_LS and LPC_LPA_MS
5. Enter the clock generators low-power mode by setting LPC_LPA_START.STRT.
6. Execute the SLEEP instruction (the ST40 will be either in sleep or standby mode depending
on the value of CPG.STBCR).
Exiting the low-power modes

The STx7100 exits from low-power mode on either of the following events:
● the LPA counter reaches 0,
● a wake-up interrupt has occurred (reset, NMI, external, IRB wake-up).
After exiting a low-power mode, the nominal clock frequencies are restored. The clocks that were
stopped can be restarted.
If the DDRs are in self-refresh mode then a software reset to the DDR padlogic and memory
controller must be applied.
LPC clock frequency

In standby mode, the LPC clock frequency must be less or equal to the RTC clock frequency.

20 Low power registers STx7100
20 Low power registers
Register addresses are provided as LPC_LPABaseAddress + offset.

The LPC_LPABaseAddress is:
0x1800 8000.
Table 79: Low power alarm register summary
Register Description Offset Type
LPC_LPA_LS LPA - low power alarm timer (LSB) 0x0410 R/W
LPC_LPA_LS LPA - low power alarm timer (MSB) 0x0414 R/W
LPC_LPA_START LPA - low power alarm timer start 0x0418 R/W
LPC_LPA_LS Low power alarm timer low value
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LPA_TMR[31:0]
Address: LPC_LPABaseAddress + 0x0410

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Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Defines the four least significant bytes of the low power alarm counter.
LPC_LPA_MS Low power alarm timer high value
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved LPA_TMR[39:32]

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Defines the most significant byte of the low power alarm counter.
LPC_LPA_START Low power alarm timer start
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
START
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Setting the bit 0 to 1 starts the low power alarm counter. The counter starts to count
down from the value defined in LPC_LPA_MS and LPC_LPA_LS.

STx7100 21 Boot modes
21 Boot modes
The boot system is closely connected with reset; see Chapter 16: Reset on page 144.
The STx7100 has three boot modes, controllable by two external pins: BOOTMODE[1:0]. These
pins are strobed at the end of the reset period (power-on or watch-dog resets). The boot code
must be stored in flash memory attached to the EMI bus.
● ST40 mode (Default): This is the standard mode, in which the ST40 boots first from EMI.
The Delta and audio ST231 boot requests are both halted by the interconnect. It is up to the
ST40 software to control the boot sequence of the two ST231. The boot address of the
ST231s must be defined in the system configuration registers before the boot request is
released by the ST40.
● Delta (H.264) ST231 mode: The ST40 boot request is halted by the interconnect, but the
boot request from the Delta ST231 is released, allowing the Delta ST231 to boot from EMI.
In this mode, the Delta ST231 uses the default boot address (0x0 0000). This mode may be
useful for low-level software debugging; in this mode, the ST40 is not expected to boot.
● Audio ST231 mode: The ST40 boot request is halted by the interconnect, but the boot
request from the audio ST231 is released, allowing the audio ST231 to boot from EMI. In
this mode, the audio ST231 uses the default boot address (0x0 0000). This mode may be
useful for low-level software debugging; in this mode the ST40 is not expected to boot.
For security purpose, an antifuse can be set to disable the Delta and audio ST231 modes.
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Table 80: Boot mode selection
BOOTMODE pins Boot mode
00 Default: ST40 boots first. Delta and audio ST231 boot sequences are controlled by the ST40.
01 Delta ST231: ST40 boot is halted. Delta ST231 boots first and controls the ST40 and audio
ST231 boot sequences.
10 Audio ST231: ST40 boot is halted. Audio ST231 boots first and controls the ST40 and Delta
ST231 boot sequences.
21.1 Default mode

In the default boot mode, the requests of the two ST231s are filtered and halted. The ST40 boots
from EMI and typically goes through the following sequence for each ST231:
1. Writes the boot code of the ST231 in EMI or LMI.
2. Updates the boot address configuration register of the ST231.
3. Resets the ST231 with the RST_CFG register.
4. Releases the request filter of the ST231 with the BOOT_CTRL_CFG register.
5. Releases the reset of the ST231.
The ST231 then executes its boot sequence.
The operation is identical for both Delta and audio ST231s.

21 Boot modes STx7100
Figure 58: Boot control block diagram
BOOTMODE
BOOT_CTRL_CFG
register
ST40
REQ Request REQ
filter
global
reset
LMI
Delta
RST
RST_CFG
register
A ST231
Interconnect
REQ REQ
Delta Delta Request
filter
BOOT_ADDR_CFG
register
global
reset
Audio EMI
RST
RST_CFG A
register ST231
Audio audio REQ REQ
Request
BOOT_ADDR_CFG filter
register
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21.2 Delta ST231 mode

In this mode, the requests of the ST40 and audio ST231 are filtered and halted. The Delta ST231
boots using the default value of its boot control configuration register, which points to the EMI
bottom address.
The Delta ST231 controls the boot sequence of the audio ST231 as described above.
The ST40 does not boot.
21.3 Audio ST231 mode

In this mode, the requests of the ST40 and Delta ST231 are filtered and halted. The audio ST231
boots using the default value of its boot control configuration register, which points to the EMI
base address.
The audio ST231 controls the boot sequence of the Delta ST231 as described above.
The ST40 does not boot.

STx7100 22 Interrupt system
22 Interrupt system
The STx7100 has two interrupt networks. One is associated with the ST40 CPU and the other is
associated with the Delta (H.264) ST231 CPU when it used as an application processor. The
interrupt lines are routed to both the ST40 and the Delta ST231. For both processors, it is up to
software to handle the interrupts.
22.1 ST40 Interrupt network
22.1.1 Internal and external interrupts

The ST40 CPU has two types of interrupts:
External Interrupts
● NMI (Non-Maskable Interrupt): External interrupt source.
● SYSITRQ(3-0): 4 external interrupt sources SYSITRQ(3-0) which can be configured as 4

independent interrupts or encoded to provide 15 external interrupt levels.
These interrupts are managed by the INTC2 interrupt controller integrated into the ST40 CPU
core.
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Internal Peripherals Interrupts

● ST40-P130 peripherals interrupts:
• UDI (user debug interface)

• TMU0, 1 (timer unit)
• RTC (real time clock)
• SCIF (serial controller interface)
These interrupts are controlled by the interrupt controller INTC2, and expansion of the
INTC. All interrupts are assigned a priority level between 0 and 15: level 15 is the highest
and level 1 the lowest, level 0 means that the interrupt is masked. The NMI is defined to
have a fixed priority level of 16.
● On-chip peripherals interrupts
These interrupts are managed by the INTC2 (interrupt controller).

The INTC2 accepts 16 groups of 4 interrupts (64 total); each group can be assigned a
priority by software (INTPRIxx registers). Within each group (of 4 interrupts), there is a fixed
priority, with interrupt 4 having the highest priority. All interrupts are resynchronized in
INTC2.
22.1.2 Interrupt service routine address

Whenever an interrupt occurs, the ST40 CPU branches to the interrupt handling vector address
determined by adding the fixed offset 0x600 to the vector base address (VBR) register. Each
interrupt type is assigned a code which is stored in the INTEVT (interrupt event) register when
the interrupt occurs. This enables the interrupt service routine to identify the interrupt source
type.
The interrupt controller is responsible for mapping each interrupt to its code (INTEVT).

22 Interrupt system STx7100
Figure 59 shows the ST40 interrupt network, and Table 82: ST40 on-chip peripheral interrupts
on page 200 lists the internal interrupts with their INTEVT code.
Figure 59: ST40 interrupt network
ST40
ST40 IRQ
CPU core
ST40-P130
WDT SCIF TMU RTC UDI
INTC
Interrupt expansion signals:

external NMI INTREQ
interrupt INTLEVEL[3:0]
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sources SYSITRQ[3:0] INTEVT[8:0]

INTC2
16 groups
of 4 interrupts
on-chip
peripherals
22.1.3 INTC2 secondary interrupt controller

The INTC2 selects the highest priority, unmasked interrupt from all of its interrupt inputs, and
passes the INTEVT code of this interrupt to the INTC2 for further processing.
The INTC2 allows interrupts to be grouped together. These groups contain one or more
interrupts. For each interrupt within a group, and for each group, the INTC2 provides the
following:
Each interrupt group is allocated a four-bit section of the INTC2_PRI register. This gives the
group its overall interrupt priority. Within each group, each individual interrupt has its own priority.
(By setting a group’s priority to 0x0, the whole group can be masked).
Each interrupt is allocated a single bit of the INTC2_REQnn and INTC2_MSKnn registers.
Register INTC2_REQnn shows the status of an individual interrupt request signal irrespective of
the state of register INTC2_MSKnn. The INTC2_MSKnn register allows each individual interrupt
to be separately masked.
Each priority group of interrupts asserts its highest priority interrupt. A tree structure is used to
compare all asserted interrupts to determine the highest priority interrupt, which is then passed
to the INTC. The INTEVT code which is sent to the INTC.

STx7100 22 Interrupt system
22.2 Delta (H.264) ST231 interrupt network

The ST231 accepts 60 external interrupts (from 63 to 3). Interrupts 0 to 2 are reserved for the
ST231 internal timers. All the interrupts are maskable but with a single level of priority. Multiple
level priority must be implemented in software.
Table 84: Delta ST231 Interrupts on page 203 describes the mapping of the interrupts on the
ST231 interrupt controller.
When used as an application processor, the Delta ST231 processor receives the same internal
interrupts than the ST40 processor except the interrupts generated by the Delta coprocessors
(CABAC preprocessor 1 and 2).
The Delta ST231 receives also the external interrupts via the ILC interrupt controller.
22.3 STx7100 interrupt network
ILC interrupt level controller

The STx7100 interrupt network includes an ILC interrupt level controller. The ILC accepts 64
synchronous interrupt inputs (the on-chip peripherals interrupts) and six asynchronous interrupt
inputs (the 4 external interrupts SYSITRQ(3-0), NMI and the IRB wake-up interrupt). The
external asynchronous interrupts can have up to 5 programmable triggering conditions (active
high, active low, falling edge, rising edge or any edge).
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The ILC can map any of the synchronous internal interrupts and asynchronous interrupts onto a
group of 8 internal interrupts ILC_EXT_OUT(7-0).
The interrupts ILC_EXT_OUT(3-0) can be used as external interrupt outputs through the
SYSITRQ(3-0) pins.
The interrupts ILC_EXT_OUT(7-4) are routed to the ST40 interrupts IRL(3-0).
The ILC mapping is described in Table 85: ILC interrupt mapping on page 205.
Wake up by Interrupt
The ILC has also an interrupt output dedicated to the wake-up process that is used by the low
power controller. A pulse stretcher receives a transition from the UHF and IR input pins and
generates an interrupt that can be routed through the ILC to one of the ILC_EXT_OUT(7-4)
interrupt lines and used as a wake-up interrupt to the ST40 (for details, see Chapter 19: Low-
power modes on page 188).
Internal peripheral interrupts

Both the ST40 and the Delta ST231 receive all the internal interrupt requests. It is up to the
software to define the CPU that will serve each interrupt request.
All the internal interrupts are routed to the INTC2, ST231 Interrupt controller and ILC. All the
internal interrupts are level sensitive and active high.
External interrupts inputs

The four external asynchronous interrupts are routed to the ILC interrupt controller before
reaching the ST40 and ST231 in order to synchronize and change the polarity if needed. The
ST40 expects the interrupts to be active high. These interrupts are then output from the ILC
(ILC_EXT_OUT(7-4)) to be routed toward the ST40 and Delta ST231.

22 Interrupt system STx7100
External interrupts outputs

The ILC has the capability to output a subset of the interrupts that are connected to it. Four of
these interrupts (ILC_EXT_OUT[3 - 0]) are software selectable to be output externally for remote
devices.
Control of the external interrupts direction

The direction of external interrupts is controlled by the configuration register SYS_CFG10[3:0].
By default, pins SYSITRQ(3-0) are configured as inputs (SYS_CFG10 bits set to logic 1). Setting
these bits to 0 configures the pins as outputs.
Figure 60: STx7100 interrupt network
IRL[3:0]
NMI
NMI
INTC ST40
Internal
interrupt
sources INTC2
(63-0)
to
Mailbox 1
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ST231 audio
Mailbox 0
ST231
IRQ
(63-3) Delta (H.264)
NMI
LPC
Internal
interrupts (63-0) ILC wakeup interrupt
UHF data IRB INT to LPC
wakeup IRB WAKEUP INT
IR data
NMI ILC ILC_EXT_OUT[7:4]
EXT_INT(3 - 0) EXT
ILC_EXT_OUT[3:0]
SYSITRQ(3:0)
output
enable SYS_CFG10[3:0]

STx7100 23 Interrupt map
23 Interrupt map
This chapter contains Interrupt mapping tables for the:

● ST40,
● INTC2
● Delta (H.264) ST231,
● STx7100 ILC.
23.1 ST40 interrupts

Table 81: ST40 P130 interrupts
INTEVT IPR (bit Interrupt priority

Interrupt source
code numbers) (initial value)
NMI 0x1C0 - 16
IRL IRL0 0x240 IPRD[15:12] 15-0 (13)
independent IRL1 0x2A0 IPRD[11:8] 15-0 (10)
encoding
IRL2 0x300 IPRD[7:4] 15-0 (7)
IRL3 0x360 IPRD[3:0] 15-0 (4)
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IRL level encoding 0x200 - 0x3C0 - 1-15

TMU0 TUNI0 0x400 IPRA[15:12] 15-0 (0)
TMU1 TUNI1 0x420 IPRA[11:8] 15-0 (0)
TMU2 TUNI2 0x440 IPRA[7:4] 15-0 (0)
TICPI2 0x460
RTC ATI 0x480 IPRA[3:0] 15-0 (0)
PRI 0x4A0
CUI 0x4C0
SCIF ERI 0x4E0 IPRB[7:4] 15-0 (0)
RXI 0x500
BRI 0x520
TXI 0x540
WDT ITI 0x560 IPRB[15:12] 15-0 (0)
UDI H-UDI 0x600 IPRC[3:0] 15-0 (0)

23 Interrupt map STx7100
Table 82: ST40 on-chip peripheral interrupts
INTREQ/
INTEVT IPR (Bit
Group Interrupt source INTMSK
code Numbers)
(bit number)
- Reserved 0xA00 INTPRI00[3:0] INTREQ00[0]
0xA20 INTPRI00[7:4] INTREQ00[1]
0xA40 INTREQ00[2]
0xA60 INTREQ00[3]
0xA80 INTREQ00[4]
0xB00 INTPRI00[11:8] INTREQ00[5]
0xB20 INTREQ00[6]
0xB40 INTREQ00[7]
0xB60 INTREQ00[8]
0xB80 INTREQ00[9]
0xBA0 INTREQ00[10]
0xBC0 INTREQ00[11]
- COMMs/PIO PIO0_INT 0xC00 INTPRI00[15:12] INTREQ00[12]
PIO1_INT 0xC80 INTPRI00[19:16] INTREQ00[13]
PIO2_INT 0xD00 INTPRI00[23:20] INTREQ00[14]
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0 COMMs/PIO PIO3_INT 0x1060 INTPRI04[3:0] INTREQ04[3]

PIO4_INT 0x1040 INTREQ04[2]
PIO5_INT 0x1020 INTREQ04[1]
Reserved 0x1000
1 SSC SSC0_INT 0x10E0 INTPRI04[7:4] INTREQ04[7]
SSC1_INT 0x10C0 INTREQ04[6]
SSC2_INT 0x10A0 INTREQ04[5]
Reserved 0x1080
2 COMMs/UART UART0_INT 0x1160 INTPRI04[11:8] INTREQ04[11]
UART1_INT 0x1140 INTREQ04[10]
3 COMMs/MAFE MAFE_INT 0x11E0 INTPRI04[15:12] INTREQ04[15]
COMMs/PWM PWM_INT 0x11C0 INTREQ04[14]
COMMs/IRB IRB_INT 0x11A0 INTREQ04[13]
IRB_WAKEUP_INT 0x1180 INTREQ04[12]
4 COMMs/TTXT- TTXT_INT 0x1260 INTPRI04[19:16] INTREQ04[19]
DAA-DiSEqC
DAA_INT 0x1240 INTREQ04[18]
DISQEC_INT 0x1220 INTREQ04[17]
Reserved 0x1200 -
5 SBAG SBATM_INT 0x12E0 INTPRI04[23:20] INTREQ04[23]
TSMRGR_RAMOVF_INT 0x12C0 -
(cut 2)
Reserved 0x12A0 -
0x1280

Table 82: ST40 on-chip peripheral interrupts
INTREQ/
INTEVT IPR (Bit
Group Interrupt source INTMSK
code Numbers)
(bit number)
6 CLOCKGEN Reserved 0x1360 INTPRI04[27:24] -
DCXO_INT 0x1340 INTREQ04[26]
MAILBOXes ST231_AUD_INT 0x1320 INTREQ04[25]
ST231_DELTA_INT 0x1300 INTREQ04[24]
7 AUDIO CPXM_INT 0x13E0 INTPRI04[31:28] INTREQ04[31]
I2S2SPDIF_INT 0x13C0 INTREQ04[30]
FDMA FDMA_GP0_INT 0x13A0 INTREQ04[29]
FDMA_MBOX_INT 0x1380 INTREQ04[28]
8 AUDIO SPDIFPLYR_INT 0x1460 INTPRI08[3:0] INTREQ08[3]
PCMRDR_INT 0x1440 INTREQ08[2]
PCMPLYR1_INT 0x1420 INTREQ08[1]
PCMPLYR0_INT 0x1400 INTREQ08[0]
9 VIDEO DELTA_MBE_INT 0x14E0 INTPRI08[7:4] INTREQ08[7]
DELTA_PRE1_INT 0x14C0 INTREQ08[6]
DELTA_PRE0_INT 0x14A0 INTREQ08[5]
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GLH_INT 0x1480 INTREQ08[4]

10 VOS/VTGs VTG2_INT 0x1560 INTPRI08[11:8] INTREQ08[11]
VTG1_INT 0x1540 INTREQ08[10]
DISPLAY/LMU LMU_INT 0x1520 INTREQ08[9]
Reserved 0x1500 - -
11 HDMI/HDCP HDCP_INT 0x15E0 INTPRI08[15:12] INTREQ08[15]
HDMI_INT 0x15C0 INTREQ08[14]
DVP DVP_INT 0x15A0 INTREQ08[13]
GAMMA BLT_INT 0x1580 INTREQ08[12]
12 PDES Reserved 0x1660 INTPRI08[19:16] -
PDES_INT 0x1640 INTREQ08[18]
PTI Reserved 0x1620 -
PTI_INT 0x1600 INTREQ08[16]
13 CryptoCore Reserved 0x16E0 INTPRI08[23:20] -
SEC_CP_INT 0x16C0 INTREQ08[22]
DMA_FIN_INT 0x16A0 INTREQ08[21]
SIG_CHK_INT 0x1680 INTREQ08[20]
14 SATA Reserved 0x1760 INTPRI08[27:24]
SATA_INT 0x1740 INTREQ08[26]
USBH EHCI_INT 0x1720 INTREQ08[25]
OHCI_INT 0x1700 INTREQ08[24]
15 Reserved 0x17E0 INTPRI08[31:28] -
0x17C0
0x17A0
0x1780

23.2 INTC2 secondary interrupt controller
23.2.1 Priority group and bit allocation of interrupts

Each individual interrupt is allocated a bit position within the INTC2_REQ, INTC2_MSK and
INTC2_MSK_CLR registers, and is also allocated to a priority group within the INT_PRI register.
23.2.2 Priority groups and bit allocation of extended interrupts

Table 83: INTC2 extended interrupts register allocation
Interrupt group Register allocation
1 INTxxx04[3:0]
2 INTxxx04[7:4]
3 INTxxx04[11:8]
4 INTxxx04[15:12]
5 INTxxx04[19:16]
6 INTxxx04[23:20]
7 INTxxx04[27:24]
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8 INTxxx04[31:28]
9 INTxxx08[3:0]
10 INTxxx08[7:4]
11 INTxxx08[11:8]
12 INTxxx08[15:12]
13 INTxxx08[19:16]
14 INTxxx08[23:20]
15 INTxxx08[27:24]
16 INTxxx08[31:28]

23.3 Delta (H.264) ST231 interrupts

Table 84: Delta ST231 Interrupts
Interrupt source INT number

ST231 Timers TIMER0_INT 0
TIMER1_INT 1
TIMER2_INT 2
Reserved 3
COMMs/PIO PIO0_INT 4
PIO1_INT 5
PIO2_INT 6
PIO3_INT 7
PIO4_INT 8
PIO5_INT 9
SSC SSC0_INT 10
SSC1_INT 11
SSC2_INT 12
Reserved 13
COMMs/UART UART0_INT 14
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UART1_INT 15
UART2_INT 16
UART3_INT 17
COMMs/MAFE MAFE_INT 18
COMMs/PWM PWM_INT 19
COMMs/IRB IRB_INT 20
IRB_WAKEUP_INT 21
COMMs/TTXT TTXT_INT 22
COMMS/DAA DAA_INT 23
COMMS/DISEQc DISEQC_INT 24
TSMERGER SBATM_INT 25
Reserved 26
TSMRGR_RAMOVF_INT 27
(version 2)
CLOCKGEN DCXO_INT 28
MAILBOX ST40_DELTA_INT 29
Reserved 30
AUDIO CPXM_INT 31
I2S2SPDIF_INT 32
FDMA FDMA_GP0_INT 33
FDMA_MBOX_INT 34
AUDIO SPDIFPLYR_INT 35
PCMRDR_INT 36
PCMPLYR1_INT 37
PCMPLYR0_INT 38
VIDEO GLH_INT 39

Table 84: Delta ST231 Interrupts
Interrupt source INT number

VTGs VTG2_INT 40
VTG1_INT 41
DISPLAY/LMU LMU_IRQ 42
Reserved 43
HDMI/HDCP HDCP_INT 44
HDMI_INT 45
DVP DVP_INT 46
GAMMA BLT_INT 47
PDES Reserved 48
PDES_INT 49
PTI Reserved 50
PTI_INT 51
CryptoCore SIG_CHK_INT 52
DMA_FIN_INT 53
SEC_CP_INT 54
SATA SATA_INT 55
USBH EHCI_INT 56
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OHCI_INT 57
PADS NMI_INT 58
Reserved 59
External interrupts EXT_INT[0] 60
EXT_INT[1] 61
EXT_INT[2] 62
EXT_INT[3] 63

23.4 STx7100 interrupts

Table 85: ILC interrupt mapping
Interrupt source ILC mapping

COMMs/PIO PIO0_INT 0
PIO1_INT 1
PIO2_INT 2
PIO3_INT 3
PIO4_INT 4
PIO5_INT 5
SSC SSC0_INT 6
SSC1_INT 7
SSC2_INT 8
Reserved 9
COMMs/UART UART0_INT 10
UART1_INT 11
UART2_INT 12
UART3_INT 13
COMMs/MAFE MAFE_INT 14
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COMMs/PWM PWM_INT 15
COMMs/IRB IRB_INT 16
COMMs/TTXT TTXT_INT 17
COMMS/DAA DAA_INT 18
COMMS/DISEQc DISEQC_INT 19
INTERCO/Sbag SBATM_INT 20
Clockgen DCXO_INT 21
Reserved 22
Mailbox ST40_DELPHI_INT 23
DELPHI_ST40_INT 24
ST40_AUDIO_INT 25
AUDIO_ST40_INT 26
Audio CPXM_INT 27
I2S2SPDIF_INT 28
FDMA FDMA_GP0_INT 29
FDMA_MBOX_INT 30
Audio SPDIFPLYR_INT 31
PCMRDR_INT 32
PCMPLYR1_INT 33
PCMPLYR0_INT 34
Video GLH_INT 35
VTGs VTG2_INT 36
VTG1_INT 37
Display/LMU LMU_INT 38
Reserved 39

Table 85: ILC interrupt mapping
Interrupt source ILC mapping

HDMI/HDCP HDCP_INT 40
HDMI_INT 41
DVP DVP_INT 42
Gamma BLT_INT 43
PDES Reserved 44
PDES_INT 45
PTI Reserved 46
PTI_INT 47
Reserved 48
DMA_FIN_INT 49
SEC_CP_INT 50
SATA SATA_INT 51
USBH EHCI_INT 52
OHCI_INT 53
- Reserved 54
55
56
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57
58
59
TSMGR_RAMOVF (cut 2) 60
- Reserved 61
62
63
External EXT_INT[0] 0
Interrupts from external devices EXT_INT[1] 1
EXT_INT[2] 2
EXT_INT[3] 3
From pins via pulse stretcher IRB_WAKEUP_INT 4
NMI pin NMI_INT 5
- Reserved 6
Low power alarm LPA_INT (cut 2) 7

STx7100 24 Interrupt registers
24 Interrupt registers
Register addresses are provided as either

IntControllerBaseAddress or ILCBaseAddress or INTC2BaseAddress + offset.
The IntControllerBaseAddress is:
0xFFD0 0000.
The ILCBaseAddress is:
0x1800 0000.
The INTC2BaseAddress is:
0x1900 1000.
Note: The areas not allocated are reserved and must not be accessed.
Table 86: Interrupt level controller system registers
Register name Description Offset Type

ILC_INPUT_INT Input interrupt 0x080, 0x084, 0x088 RO
ILC_STA Status 0x200, 0x204, 0x208
ILC_CLR_STA Clear status locations 0x280, 0x284, 0x288 WO
ILC_EN Enable 0x400, 0x404, 0x408 R/W
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ILC_CLR_EN Clear enable locations 0x480, 0x484, 0x488 WO

ILC_SET_EN Set enable locations 0x500, 0x504, 0x508
ILC_WAKEUP_EN Wake up enable 0x608 R/W
ILC_WAKEUP_ACTIVE_LEVEL Wake up level 0x688
ILC_PRIORITYn (n=0 to 63) Priority n 0x800 + 8n
ILC_EXT_PRIORITYn (n=0 to 7) External priority n 0xA00 + 8n
ILC_MODEn (n=0 to 7) Mode n 0x804 + 8n
Table 87: INTC2 interrupt controller registers

INTC2_PRI00 Interrupt priority levels 0x300 R/W
INTC2_PRI04 Interrupt priority levels 0x304
INTC2_PRI08 Interrupt priority levels 0x308
INTC2_REQ00 Interrupt requests 0x320 RO
INTC2_REQ04 Interrupt requests 0x324
INTC2_REQ08 Interrupt requests 0x328
INTC2_MSK00 Interrupt mask 0x340 Read, Set
INTC2_MSK04 Interrupt mask 0x344
INTC2_MSK08 Interrupt mask 0x348
INTC2_MSK_CLR00 Interrupt mask clear 0x360 WO
INTC2_MSK_CLR04 Interrupt mask clear 0x364
INTC2_MSK_CLR08 Interrupt mask clear 0x368
INTC2_MODE INTC2 mode 0x380 R/W

24 Interrupt registers STx7100
ILC_INPUT_INT Input interrupt

31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0x08C Reserved
INT6 INT38 RSVD

INT7 INT359 EXT7
INT5 INT37 EXT5

INT4 INT36 EXT4
INT3 INT35 EXT3
INT2 INT34 EXT2
INT1 INT33 EXT1
INT0 INT32 EXT0
0x088 Reserved
INT31 INT63
INT30 INT62
INT29 INT61
INT28 INT60
INT27 INT59
INT26 INT58
INT25 INT57
INT24 INT56
INT23 INT55
INT22 INT54
INT21 INT53
INT20 INT52
INT19 INT51
INT18 INT50
INT17 INT49
INT16 INT48
INT15 INT47
INT14 INT46
INT13 INT45
INT12 INT44
INT11 INT43
INT10 INT42
INT9 INT41
INT8 INT40
0x084
0x080
Address: ILCBaseAddress + 0x080, 0x084, 0x088 and 0x08C

Type: Read
Reset: 0
Description: The synchronized version of all the interrupt numbers can be read from this register.
There are two input interrupt registers from 0x080 to 0x084. The contents of this register
are set to logic 0 on reset.
ILC_STA Status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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0x20C Reserved
INT6 INT38 RSVD

INT7 INT359 EXT7
INT5 INT37 EXT5

INT4 INT36 EXT4
INT3 INT35 EXT3
INT2 INT34 EXT2
INT1 INT33 EXT1
INT0 INT32 EXT0
0x208 Reserved
INT31 INT63
INT30 INT62
INT29 INT61
INT28 INT60
INT27 INT59
INT26 INT58
INT25 INT57
INT24 INT56
INT23 INT55
INT22 INT54
INT21 INT53
INT20 INT52
INT19 INT51
INT18 INT50
INT17 INT49
INT16 INT48
INT15 INT47
INT14 INT46
INT13 INT45
INT12 INT44
INT11 INT43
INT10 INT42
INT9 INT41
INT8 INT40
0x204
0x200

Type: Read
Reset: 0
Description: The status of the interrupt numbers is inferred by reading this register. The bit in the
status register is at logic 1 on the following conditions.
• If the corresponding interrupt number is internal (synchronous), then the interrupt
number should be at logic 1.
• If the corresponding interrupt number is external (asynchronous), then the interrupt
number should match the programmed trigger condition.
There are two status registers from 0x200 to 0x27C. The contents of this register are at
logic 0 on reset.

ILC_CLR_STA Clear status locations

31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0x28C Reserved
INT6 INT38 RSVD

INT7 INT359 EXT7
INT5 INT37 EXT5

INT4 INT36 EXT4
INT3 INT35 EXT3
INT2 INT34 EXT2
INT1 INT33 EXT1
INT0 INT32 EXT0
0x288 Reserved
INT31 INT63
INT30 INT62
INT29 INT61
INT28 INT60
INT27 INT59
INT26 INT58
INT25 INT57
INT24 INT56
INT23 INT55
INT22 INT54
INT21 INT53
INT20 INT52
INT19 INT51
INT18 INT50
INT17 INT49
INT16 INT48
INT15 INT47
INT14 INT46
INT13 INT45
INT12 INT44
INT11 INT43
INT10 INT42
INT9 INT41
INT8 INT40
0x284
0x280

Type: Write only
Reset: Undefined
Description: This location is used to clear bits in the status register. The locations that correspond to
external interrupts are valid. The status is cleared only if the interrupt trigger mode is
edge sensitive that is the rising edge, falling edge or any edge. To clear the status bit, a
clear bit operation is to be performed on this location. Clear bit operation is performing a
write operation with logic 1 on data bus corresponding to the locations which have to be
cleared.
ILC_EN Enable
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31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0x40C Reserved
INT6 INT38 RSVD

INT7 INT359 EXT7
INT5 INT37 EXT5

INT4 INT36 EXT4
INT3 INT35 EXT3
INT2 INT34 EXT2
INT1 INT33 EXT1
INT0 INT32 EXT0
0x408 Reserved
INT31 INT63
INT30 INT62
INT29 INT61
INT28 INT60
INT27 INT59
INT26 INT58
INT25 INT57
INT24 INT56
INT23 INT55
INT22 INT54
INT21 INT53
INT20 INT52
INT19 INT51
INT18 INT50
INT17 INT49
INT16 INT48
INT15 INT47
INT14 INT46
INT13 INT45
INT12 INT44
INT11 INT43
INT10 INT42
INT9 INT41
INT8 INT40
0x404
0x400

Type: Read/write
Reset: 0
Description: Interrupt generation from an interrupt number is enabled only if the corresponding bit in
the enable register is set to logic 1. The contents of this register are at logic 0 on reset.

ILC_CLR_EN Clear enable locations

31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0x48C Reserved
INT6 INT38 RSVD

INT7 INT359 EXT7
INT5 INT37 EXT5

INT4 INT36 EXT4
INT3 INT35 EXT3
INT2 INT34 EXT2
INT1 INT33 EXT1
INT0 INT32 EXT0
0x488 Reserved
INT31 INT63
INT30 INT62
INT29 INT61
INT28 INT60
INT27 INT59
INT26 INT58
INT25 INT57
INT24 INT56
INT23 INT55
INT22 INT54
INT21 INT53
INT20 INT52
INT19 INT51
INT18 INT50
INT17 INT49
INT16 INT48
INT15 INT47
INT14 INT46
INT13 INT45
INT12 INT44
INT11 INT43
INT10 INT42
INT9 INT41
INT8 INT40
0x484
0x480

Type: Write only
Reset: Undefined
Description: Any bit in the enable register can be cleared by performing a clear bit operation on the
appropriate location.
ILC_SET_EN Set enable locations

31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0x50C Reserved
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INT6 INT38 RSVD

INT7 INT359 EXT7
INT5 INT37 EXT5

INT4 INT36 EXT4
INT3 INT35 EXT3
INT2 INT34 EXT2
INT1 INT33 EXT1
INT0 INT32 EXT0
0x508 Reserved
INT31 INT63
INT30 INT62
INT29 INT61
INT28 INT60
INT27 INT59
INT26 INT58
INT25 INT57
INT24 INT56
INT23 INT55
INT22 INT54
INT21 INT53
INT20 INT52
INT19 INT51
INT18 INT50
INT17 INT49
INT16 INT48
INT15 INT47
INT14 INT46
INT13 INT45
INT12 INT44
INT11 INT43
INT10 INT42
INT9 INT41
INT8 INT40
0x504
0x500

Type: Write only
Reset: Undefined
Description: Any bit in the enable register can be set by performing a set bit operation on the
appropriate location (set bit operation is performing a write operation with logic 1 on the
data bus corresponding to the location which has to be set).
There are two locations at 0x500 and 0x504 corresponding to respective enable
registers.
Note: Interrupts EXT4 to EXT7 are not valid outputs.
ILC_WAKEUP_EN Wake up enable

31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RSVD
EXT7
EXT5
EXT4
EXT3
EXT2
EXT1
EXT0
Reserved
Address: ILCBaseAddress + 0x608

Type: Read/write
Reset: 0
Description: Enables the external interrupt (asynchronous) for wake up by interrupt generation. Only
the locations corresponding to external interrupts are valid. The external interrupt
enables the wake up by interrupt generation only if the corresponding bit in this register
is set to logic 1. The contents of this register are set to logic 0 on reset.

ILC_WAKEUP_ACTIVE_LEVEL Wake up level

31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RSVD
EXT7
EXT5
EXT4
EXT3
EXT2
EXT1
EXT0
Reserved
Address: ILCBaseAddress + 0x688

Type: Read/write
Reset: 1
Description: Used to program the polarity of the external interrupt line on which a wake up by
interrupt is to be generated. If a bit in this register is set to 1 then a wake up by interrupt
is generated, only if the corresponding external interrupt is at logic 1. Writing logic 0
generates the wake up by interrupt when corresponding external interrupt pin is at logic
0. The contents of this register are set to logic 1 on reset.
ILC_PRIORITYn Priority
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved PRIORITY
Address: ILCBaseAddress + 0x800 + (n x 0x008)

Type: Read/write
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Reset: 0
Description: The PRIORITYn register does the mapping of the ILC internal interrupt input n to one of
the output interrupts ILC_EXT_OUT[7-0] connected to the ST40 or SYSITRQ[3-0]. The
assignment is done by writing appropriate word into the priority register.
In the STx7100, the valid values are between 0x8000 and 0X8007.
Values between 0x8000 and 0x8003 correspond to ILC_EXT_OUT[3-0], connected to
pins SYSITRQ[3-0].
ST40 interrupts IRL[3-0].
Example:
To map internal interrupt 10 onto SYSITRQ0, 0x8000 must be written into
ILC_PRIORITY10.

ILC_EXT_PRIORITYn Priority
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved PRIORITY
Address: ILCBaseAddress + 0xA00 + (n x 0x008)

Type: Read/write
Reset: 0
Description: The EXT_PRIORITYn register maps the ILC external interrupt input EXT_INTn to one
of the ILC output interrupts ILC_EXT_OUT[7-0] connected to the ST40 or SYSITRQ[3-
0]. The assignment is done by writing appropriate word into the priority register.
In the STx7100, the valid values are between 0x8000 and 0X8007.
pins SYSITRQ[3-0].
ST40 interrupts IRL[3-0].
Example:
To map ILC_EXT_INT[4] onto IRL0, 0x8004 must be written into
ILC_EXT_PRIORITY4.
ILC_MODEn Mode
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31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
MODE2
MODE1
MODE0
Reserved
Address: ILCBaseAddress + 0x800 + (n x 0x008) + 0x004

Type: Read/write
Reset: 0
Description: The mode register is used to program the trigger mode for a given interrupt number.
This is a 3-bit register. The mode register is present only for external interrupts. No
mode register is present for internal interrupts. All the internal interrupt numbers are
assumed active high.
• The trigger modes can be programmed to appropriate trigger levels by writing the
values as shown in the table below. Use the syntax 0xnnnn nnnn for the address.
• Include the values outside the address range.
[31:3] Reserved
[2:0] MODE
0x00: No trigger mode 0x01: High level trigger mode
0x02: Low level trigger mode 0x03: Rising edge trigger mode
0x04: Falling edge trigger mode 0x05: Any edge trigger mode
0x06: No trigger mode 0x07: No trigger mod
The mode register is set to 0x00 on reset. The address of mode register corresponding
to interrupt number n is at 0x800 + (n x 0x008) + 0x004.

STx7100 25 Programmable I/O (PIO) ports
25 Programmable I/O (PIO) ports
There are 48 bits of programmable I/O configured in six ports. Each bit is programmable as
output or input. The output can be configured as a totem-pole or open-drain driver. The input
compare logic can generate an interrupt on any change of any input bit. Many programmable I/O
have alternate functions and can be connected to an internal peripheral signal such as a UART
or SSC.
The PIO ports can be controlled by registers, mapped into the device address space. The
registers for each port are grouped in a 4 Kbyte block, with the base of the block for port n at the
address PIOnBaseAddress. At reset, all of the registers are reset to zero and all PIO pads put in
input mode with internal pull-up.
Each 8-bit PIO port has a set of eight-bit registers. Each of the eight bits of each register refers
to the corresponding pin in the corresponding port. These registers hold:
● the output data for the port (PIO_PnOUT),
● the input data read from the pin (PIO_PnIN),
● PIO bit configuration registers (PIO_PnC[2:0]),
● the two input compare function registers (PIO_PnCOMP and PIO_PnMASK).
Each of the registers, except PIO_PnIN, is mapped on to two additional addresses so that bits
can be set or cleared individually.
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● The PIO_SET_x registers set bits individually. Writing 1 in these registers sets a
corresponding bit in the associated register x; 0 leaves the bit unchanged.
● The PIO_CLR_x registers clear bits individually. Writing 1 in these registers resets a
corresponding bit in the associated register x; 0 leaves the bit unchanged.

26 Programmable I/O ports registers STx7100
26 Programmable I/O ports registers
Each 8-bit PIO port has a set of eight-bit registers. Each of the eight bits of each register refers
to the corresponding pin in the corresponding port.
Register addresses are provided as PIOnBaseAddress + offset.
The PIO0BaseAddresses are:
PIO0: 0x1802 0000,
PIO1: 0x1802 1000,
PIO2: 0x1802 2000,
PIO3: 0x1802 3000,
PIO4: 0x1802 4000,
PIO5: 0x1802 5000.
Table 88: Programmable I/O ports register summary
PIO_CLR_PnCm Clear bits of PnCm 0x28, 38, 48 WO
PIO_CLR_PnCOMP Clear bits of PnCOMP 0x58 WO
PIO_CLR_PnMASK Clear bits of PnMASK 0x68 WO

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PIO_CLR_PnOUT Clear bits of PnOUT 0x08 WO
PIO_PnCm PIO configuration 0x20, 30, 40 R/W
PIO_PnCOMP PIO input comparison 0x50 R/W
PIO_PnIN PIO input 0x10 RO
PIO_PnMASK PIO input comparison mask 0x60 R/W
PIO_PnOUT PIO output 0x00 R/W
PIO_SET_PnC[2:0] Set bits of PnC[2:0] 0x24, 34, 44 RO
PIO_SET_PnCOMP Set bits of PnCOMP 0x54 WO
PIO_SET_PnMASK Set bits of PnMASK 0x64 WO
PIO_SET_PnOUT Set bits of PnOUT 0x04 WO
PIO_CLR_PnCm Clear bits of PnCm
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0x28 CLR_PC0[7:0]
0x38 CLR_PC1[7:0]
0x48 CLR_PC2[7:0]
Address: PIOnBaseAddress + 0x28 (PIO_CLR_PnC0), 0x38 (PIO_CLR_PnC1),

0x48 (PIO_CLR_PnC2)
Type: WO
Description: PIO_CLR_PnCm allows the bits of registers PIO_PnCm to be cleared individually.
Writing 1 in one of these register clears the corresponding bit in the corresponding
PIO_PnCm register, while 0 leaves the bit unchanged.

STx7100 26 Programmable I/O ports registers
PIO_CLR_PnCOMP Clear bits of PnCOMP
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CLR_PCOMP[7:0]
Address: PIOnBaseAddress + 0x58

Type: WO
Description: PIO_CLR_PnCOMP allows bits of PIO_PnCOMP to be cleared individually. Writing 1 in
this register clears the corresponding bit in the PIO_PnCOMP register, while 0 leaves
the bit unchanged.
PIO_CLR_PnMASK Clear bits of PnMASK
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CLR_PMASK[7:0]

Type: WO
Description: PIO_CLR_PnMASK allows bits of PIO_PnMASK to be cleared individually. Writing 1 in
this register clears the corresponding bit in the PIO_PnMASK register, while 0 leaves
the bit unchanged.
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PIO_CLR_PnOUT Clear bits of PnOUT
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CLR_POUT[7:0]

Type: WO
Description: PIO_CLR_PnOUT allows bits of PIO_PnOUT to be cleared individually. Writing 1 in this
register clears the corresponding bit in the PIO_PnOUT register, while 0 leaves the bit
unchanged.

PIO_PnCm PIO configuration
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0x20 CONFIGDATA0[7:0]
Address: PIOnBaseAddress + 0x20 (PIO_PnC0), 0x30 (PIO_PnC1), 0x40 (PIO_PnC2)

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: There are three configuration registers (PIO_PnC0, PIO_PnC1 and PIO_PnC2) for
each port. These are used to configure the PIO port pins. Each pin can be configured as
an input, output, bidirectional, or alternative function pin (if any), with options for the
output driver configuration.
Three bits, one bit from each of the three registers, configure the corresponding bit of
the port. The configuration of the corresponding I/O pin for each valid bit setting is given
in Table 89.
Table 89: PIO bit configuration encoding
PnC2[y] PnC1[y] PnC0[y] Bit y configuration Bit y output

0 0 0 Input Weak pull up (default)
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0 0 or 1 1 Bidirectional Open drain

0 1 0 Output Push-pull
1 0 0 or 1 Input High impedance
1 1 0 Alternative function output Push-pull
1 1 1 Alternative function bidirectional Open drain
The PIO_PnC[2:0] registers are each mapped on to two additional addresses,

PIO_SET_PnC and PIO_CLR_PnC, so that bits can be set or cleared individually.

PIO_PnCOMP PIO input comparison
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PCOMP[7:0]

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: The input compare register PIO_PnCOMP can be used to cause an interrupt if the input
value differs from a fixed value.
The input data from the PIO ports pins are compared with the value held in
PIO_PnCOMP. If any of the input bits is different from the corresponding bit in the
PIO_PnCOMP register and the corresponding bit position in PIO_PnMASK is set to 1,
then the internal interrupt signal for the port is set to 1.
The compare function is sensitive to changes in levels on the pins. For the comparison
to be seen as a valid interrupt by an interrupt handler, the change in state on the input
pin must be longer in duration than the interrupt response time.
The compare function is operational in all configurations for each PIO bit, including the
alternative function modes.
The PIO_PnCOMP register is mapped on to two additional addresses,
PIO_SET_PnCOMP and PIO_CLR_PnCOMP, so that bits can be set or cleared
individually.
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PIO_PnIN PIO input
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PIN[7:0]

Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description: The data read from this register gives the logic level present on the input pins of the port
at the start of the read cycle to this register. Each bit reflects the input value of the
corresponding bit of the port. The read data is the last value written to the register
regardless of the pin configuration selected.
PIO_PnMASK PIO input comparison mask
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PMASK[7:0]

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: When a bit is set to 1, the compare function for the internal interrupt for the port is
enabled for that bit. If the respective bit ([7:0]) of the input is different from the
corresponding bit in the PIO_PnCOMP register, then an interrupt is generated.
The PIO_PnMASK register is mapped on to two additional addresses,
PIO_SET_PnMASK and PIO_CLR_PnMASK, so that bits can be set or cleared
individually.

PIO_PnOUT PIO output
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
POUT[7:0]

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Holds output data for the port. Each bit defines the output value of the corresponding bit
of the port.
The PIO_PnOUT register is mapped on to two additional addresses, PIO_SET_PnOUT
and PIO_CLR_PnOUT, so that bits can be set or cleared individually.
PIO_SET_PnC[2:0] Set bits of PnC[2:0]
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0x24 SET_PC0[7:0]
0x34 SET_PC1[7:0]
0x44 SET_PC2[7:0]
Address: PIOnBaseAddress + 0x24 (PIO_SET_PnC0), 0x34 (PIO_SET_PnC1),

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0x44 (PIO_SET_PnC2)
Type: WO
Description: PIO_SET_PnC[2:0] allow the bits of registers PIO_PnC[2:0] to be set individually.
Writing 1 in one of these registers sets the corresponding bit in the corresponding
PIO_PnC[2:0] register, while 0 leaves the bit unchanged.
PIO_SET_PnCOMP Set bits of PnCOMP
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SET_PCOMP[7:0]

Type: WO
Description: PIO_SET_PnCOMP allows bits of PIO_PnCOMP to be set individually. Writing 1 in this
register sets the corresponding bit in the PIO_PnCOMP register, while 0 leaves the bit
unchanged.
PIO_SET_PnMASK Set bits of PnMASK
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SET_PMASK[7:0]

Type: WO
Description: PIO_SET_PnMASK allows bits of PIO_PnMASK to be set individually. Writing 1 in this
register sets the corresponding bit in the PIO_PnMASK register, while 0 leaves the bit
unchanged.

PIO_SET_PnOUT Set bits of PnOUT
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SET_POUT[7:0]

Type: WO
Description: PIO_SET_PnOUT allows bits of PIO_PnOUT to be set individually. Writing 1 in this
register sets the corresponding bit in the PIO_PnOUT register, while 0 leaves the bit
unchanged.
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27 Mailboxes STx7100
27 Mailboxes
The main data transfer between the STx7100 memory and processors is through the STBus.
However, software controls the processing of these data structures, fills and empties buffers via
various DMAs. These transfers and processing require signaling after completion to indicate
events or that a structure is available.
There are two mailboxes, which coordinate communication between the ST40 and two ST231
processors using the STBus. They allow interrupts to be raised by any processor in software to
provide the necessary signalling.
● Mailbox 0 links the ST40 and the Delta (H.264) ST231.
● Mailbox 1 links the ST40 and the audio ST231.
The CPUs can read and write to the mailbox configuration registers with standard memory
accesses.
Figure 61: Mailboxes block diagram
IRQ_... 62
IRQ_ST40 IRQ_ST40
Mailbox 0 INTC2 Mailbox 1
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IRQ
IRQ_DELTA IRQ_AUDIO
ST40
Host
ST231 ST231
Delta audio
STBus
Each processor runs on its own clock, and may be running more than one software process.
Information is exchanged by writing into a common area (accessible to both linked processors)
and generating a hardware interrupt. For example: if the ST40 writes information into the
mailbox 0 common area, an interrupt is generated for the Delta ST231, and vice-versa.
On receiving an interrupt, the interrupt service routine (ISR) infers the destination process for
which the information is to be routed by reading the mailbox interrupt status registers. The ISR
then routes the information to the destination process. The interrupt is then cleared by executing
a clear-bit operation.
The interrupt sources can be enabled or disabled by setting or resetting the contents of the
corresponding interrupt enable register.

STx7100 27 Mailboxes
27.1 Mailbox register operation
27.1.1 Interrupt status registers

An interrupt can be generated by setting any bit in this 32-bit register. Four interrupt generation
registers are present to generate interrupts from 128 sources.
The interrupt generation registers MBXn_ST231_INT_STAm generate interrupts for the ST231.
Registers MBXn_ST40_INT_STAm generate the interrupts for the ST40.
Additional write-only registers MBXn_(ST40/ST231)_INT_STAn_SET and
MBXn_(ST40/ST231)_INT_STAn_CLR set and clear individual bits in the interrupt status registers.
27.1.2 Interrupt enable registers

The interrupt enable registers MBXn_(ST40/ST231)_INT_ENn enable or disable the interrupts
generated by the corresponding bits in the interrupt status registers. There are four interrupt
enable registers corresponding to four interrupt status registers.
The write-only registers MBXn_(ST40/ST231)_INT_ENn_SET and MBXn_(ST40/
ST231)_INT_ENn_CLR can be used to set and clear individual bits in the interrupt enable
registers.
Set-bit operation
Any bit in the status registers can be set by performing the set-bit operation at location
MBXn_(ST40/ST231)_INT_STAn_SET. This operation is as follows.
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To set one or more bits of the register, a value with the corresponding bits set to 1 is written.
All other bits should be set to 0.
For example: to set bits 0 and 4, the register is written with the value 0x0000 0011. The bit
locations corresponding to bit 0 and bit 4 of the register are set, leaving the other bit
locations unaltered.
If any of the other bits are already set to 1, the same state is maintained. For example, if
bit 6 is already set to 1, the bit location 6 continues to hold logic 1 even after the above write
operation.
Clear-bit operation
Any bit in the registers can be cleared by performing the clear-bit operation at location
MBXn_(ST40/ST231)_INT_STAn_CLR. This operation is as follows.
To clear one or more bits of the register, a value with the corresponding bits set to 1 is
written. All other bits should be set to 0.
For example: to clear bits 0 and 4, the value 0x0000 0011 is written to the register. This
clears only bits 0 and 4. The status of other bits is not affected.
27.1.3 Interrupt generation for the ST40

The interrupts for the ST40 are generated by the ST231 processor. The interrupts are generated
by setting the bits in register MBXn_ST40_INT_STAm by performing the set-bit operation on
MBXn_ST40_INT_STAm_SET. The interrupts are cleared by a clear-bit operation on
MBXn_ST40_INT_STAm_CLR.
The interrupt generated by any bit in MBXn_ST40_INT_STAm is enabled by setting the
corresponding bit in MBXn_ST40_INT_ENm (using the set-bit operation on
MBXn_ST40_INT_ENm_SET). The interrupt generation is disabled by clearing the
corresponding bit in the interrupt enable register (using the clear-bit operation on
MBXn_ST40_INT_ENm_CLR).

27 Mailboxes STx7100
27.1.4 Interrupt generation for the ST231

The interrupts for ST231 are generated by the ST40 processor. The interrupts are generated by
setting the bits in register MBXn_ST231_INT_STAm by performing the set-bit operation on
MBXn_ST231_INT_STAm_SET. The interrupts are cleared by a clear-bit operation on
MBXn_ST231_INT_STAm_CLR.
The interrupt generated by any bit in MBXn_ST231_INT_STAm is enabled by setting the
corresponding bit in MBXn_ST231_INT_ENm (using the set-bit operation on
MBXn_ST231_INT_ENm_SET). The interrupt generation is disabled by clearing the
corresponding bit in the interrupt enable register (using the clear-bit operation on
MBXn_ST231_INT_ENm_CLR).
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STx7100 28 Mailbox registers
28 Mailbox registers
Register addresses are provided as MBXxBaseAddressx + offset.

MBX0BaseAddress (ST40 - ST231 Delta) is:
0x1921 1000.
MBX1BaseAddress (ST40 - ST231 audio) is:
0x1921 2000.
Table 90: Mailbox register summary
MBXn_ID_VER Mailbox version 0x000 RO
MBXn_ST231_INT_STAm Mailbox ST231 status 1 to 4 0x004 - 0x010 R/W
MBXn_ST231_INT_STAm_SET Set mailbox ST231 interrupt 1 to 4 0x024 - 0x030 WO
MBXn_ST231_INT_STAm_CLR Clear mailbox ST231 interrupt 1 to 4 0x044 - 0x050 WO
MBXn_ST231_INT_ENm Enable mailbox ST231 interrupt 1 to 4 0x064 - 0x070 R/W
MBXn_ST231_INT_ENm_SET Set mailbox ST231 interrupt enable 1 to 4 0x084 - 0x090 WO
MBXn_ST231_INT_ENm_CLR Clear mailbox ST231 interrupt enable 1 to 4 0x0A4 - 0x0B0 WO

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MBXn_ST40_INT_STAm Mailbox ST40 status 1 to 4 0x104 - 0x110 R/W
MBXn_ST40_INT_STAm_SET Set mailbox ST40 status 1 to 4 0x124 - 0x130 WO
MBXn_ST40_INT_STAm_CLR Clear mailbox ST40 status 1 to 4 0x144 - 0x150 WO
MBXn_ST40_INT_ENm Enable mailbox ST40 interrupt 1 to 4 0x164 - 0x170 R/W
MBXn_ST40_INT_ENm_SET Set mailbox ST40 interrupt enable 1 to 4 0x184 - 0x190 WO
MBXn_ST40_INT_ENm_CLR Clear mailbox ST40 interrupt enable 1 to 4 0x1A4 - 0x1B0 WO
MBXn_LCKm Mailbox lock 00 to 31 0x200 - 0x27C WTS
MBXn_ID_VER Mailbox version
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ID_VER
Address: MBXxBaseAddress + 0x0000

Type: RO
Reset: Undefined
Description: Version number and identity register

28 Mailbox registers STx7100
MBXn_ST231_INT_STAm Mailbox ST231 status 1 to 4
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
INT_STA
Address: MBXxBaseAddress + 0x004 (REG1), 0x008, 0x00C, 0x010 (REG4)

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x00
Description: Generates interrupts by bit access for the ST231 processor.
MBXn_ST231_INT_STAm_SET Set mailbox ST231 interrupt 1 to 4
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
INT_STA_SET

Type: WO
Reset: 0x00
Description: Used to set bits in MBXn_ST231_INT_STAm.
MBXn_ST231_INT_STAm_CLR Clear mailbox ST231 interrupt 1 to 4

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31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
INT_STA_CLR

Type: WO
Reset: 0x00
Description: Used to clear bits in MBXn_ST231_INT_STAm.
MBXn_ST231_INT_ENm Enable mailbox ST231 interrupt 1 to 4
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
INT_EN

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x00
Description: Enables interrupts in MBXn_ST231_INT_STAm.
MBXn_ST231_INT_ENm_SET Set mailbox ST231 interrupt enable 1 to 4
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
INT_EN_SET

Type: WO
Reset: 0x00
Description: Sets enables in MBXn_ST231_INT_ENm.

STx7100 28 Mailbox registers
MBXn_ST231_INT_ENm_CLR Clear mailbox ST231 interrupt enable 1 to 4
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
INT_CLR
Address: MBXxBaseAddress + 0x0A4 (REG1), 0x0A8, 0x0AC, 0x0B0 (REG4)

Type: WO
Reset: 0x00
Description: Clears enables in MBXn_ST231_INT_ENm.
MBXn_ST40_INT_STAm Mailbox ST40 status 1 to 4
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
INT_STA

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x00
Description: Generates interrupts by bit access for the ST40 processor.
MBXn_ST40_INT_STAm_SET Set mailbox ST40 status 1 to 4

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31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
INT_STA_SET

Type: WO
Reset: 0x00
Description: Used to set bits in MBXn_ST40_INT_STAm.
MBXn_ST40_INT_STAm_CLR Clear mailbox ST40 status 1 to 4
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
INT_STA_CLR

Type: WO
Reset: 0x00
Description: Used to clear bits in MBXn_ST40_INT_STAm.
MBXn_ST40_INT_ENm Enable mailbox ST40 interrupt 1 to 4
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
INT_EN

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x00
Description: Enables interrupts in MBXn_ST40_INT_STAm.

28 Mailbox registers STx7100
MBXn_ST40_INT_ENm_SET Set mailbox ST40 interrupt enable 1 to 4
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
INT_EN_SET

Type: WO
Reset: 0x00
Description: Sets enables in MBXn_ST40_INT_ENm.
MBXn_ST40_INT_ENm_CLR Clear mailbox ST40 interrupt enable 1 to 4
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
INT_EN_CLR
Address: MBXxBaseAddress + 0x1A4 (REG1), 0x1A8, 0x1AC, 0x1B0 (REG4)

Type: WO
Reset: 0x00
Description: Clears enables in MBXn_ST40_INT_ENm.
MBXn_LCKm Mailbox lock 00 to 31

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31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
MBX_LCK
Address: MBXnBaseAddress + 0x200 + 4m (m = 0 to 31)

Type: Write, test and set
Buffer: 0x00
Description: Each mailbox has 32 registers to support locking of indivisible operations. Each register
has one usable bit (bit 0) which can be toggled to 1 by reading it, or set to 0 by writing
into it. If this register is read when the bit 0 is 0, 0 is returned and the value is then
updated to 1. If the register is read when the value of bit 0 is 1, 1 is retuned. The write
operation just updates the bit 0 to 0. This implementation allows software to efficiently
manage atomic operations in shared memory.

STx7100
Part 4
Memory
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29 Local memory interface (LMI) STx7100
29 Local memory interface (LMI)
29.1 Introduction
The local memory interface (LMI) consists of dual blocks providing an interface for both system
(SYS) and video (VID) main-memory subsystems.
See also Chapter 5: Memory map on page 37 for tables showing LMI arrangement within the
STx7100 as a whole.
The LMI’s two blocks are shown in Figure 62. They are clocked by the 400 MHz CLK_LMI_SYS/
VID_2X signals, which are divided by internal DLLs to provide 200 MHz clocks (CLK_LMI_SYS/
VID) for the SDRAM controllers.
Figure 62: LMI subsystem block diagram
Dual LMI block
High-priority port
LMI
SDRAM DDR
PADs
padlogic SDRAM
controller
Low-priority port
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DLLs
SYS
CLK_LMI_SYS (200 MHz) CLK_LMI_SYS_2X

(400 MHz)
Clockgen A
PLL2
CLK_LMI_VID_2X
CLK_LMI_VID (200 MHz) (400 MHz)
High-priority port
DLLs
DDR
SDRAM
PADs
LMI SDRAM
controller
Low-priority port padlogic
VID
STBus
The rest of this chapter describes a single LMI system.

PCB Layout recommendations for DDR-SDRAM signals are given in Chapter 15: PCB layout
recommendations on page 132.
Main-memory organization
● The array is organized as rows.
● Each row consists of one or more discrete devices or DIMM (single or double sided)
modules arranged in sockets on a PCB.

STx7100 29 Local memory interface (LMI)
SDRAM controller features

● Programmable external bus width: 16- and 32-bit.
● Dual or quad bank double data rate (DDR) SDRAM.
● Main memory size: up to 192 Mbytes.
● Memory modules supported: 2 rows of discrete SDRAM, single and double density DIMMs.
● SDRAM technology: 16, 64, 128, 256 and 512 Mbit.
● SDRAM speed: up to 200 MHz (DDR400).
29.2 SDRAM interface
29.2.1 Main memory configuration

The main memory is organized in rows. The data bus width can be programmed to 16 or 32 bits
using bit LMI_MIM.BW. The population on each row ranges from 2 Mbytes to 2 Gbytes. The
different rows may have different sizes or technology of SDRAM population, but must have the
same data bus width, burst length and share the same timing parameters defined in register
LMI_STR.
Note: If the bank remapping feature is enabled (see register LMI_COC) the different rows must also
have the same split of row and column address bits and the same bank number. The bank
remapping feature has to be disabled or enabled on both rows, so no mixed configuration
(enabled on one row and disabled on the other) is allowed.
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SDRAM devices on the same row must be the same kind (for example, 4 M x 16, 2-bank).
Note: The term row is used in two ways: an SDRAM device’s internal row address and main memory
subsystem’s row array. In this chapter, row indicates subsystem’s row, while (internal) row means
SDRAM’s row address.
The upper boundary address of each row is defined in LMI_SDRA[0:1].UBA. The request
address [31:21] is compared to UBA[31:21] to determine which NOTLMICS (chip selection)
signal is to be asserted. A NOTLMICS signal is applied to all SDRAM devices on the same row.
Memory locations in these two rows must be contiguous in physical address space.
LMI_SDRA1.UBA must be larger or equal to LMI_SDRA0.UBA. If the system consists of only
one row (or DIMM), then it needs to be placed in the area corresponding to NOTLMICS0 and
LMI_SDRA0.UBA must be programmed = LMI_SDRA1.UBA. NOTLMICS0 is asserted if the
STBus request access to the LMI data block and the request address [31:21] is less than
LMI_SDRA0.UBA (exclusive).
LMI_SDRA0.UBA has priority over LMI_SDRA1.UBA if they are equal. If the physical address is
less than LMI_SDRA0.UBA, notLMICS0 is asserted. If it is not less than LMI_SDRA0.UBA but is
less than LMI_SDRA1.UBA, notLMICS1 is asserted. Other cases are errors and are recorded in
LMI_VCR’s error flag.
Figure 63 depicts a 32-bit wide, 32 Mbyte main memory subsystem. It is assumed
LMI_VCR.BOT_MB = 0x04.
Figure 63: Main memory configuration example
NOTLMICS1 16 Mbytes DIMM DRA1.UBA = 000 0011 0000
NOTLMICS0 16 Mbytes DIMM DRA0.UBA = 000 0010 1000
Total memory = 32 Mbytes

Memory configuration can be little endian or big endian. The LMI is independent of endianness
when the external bus width is 32 bits. When the external bus width is 32-bit, memory interface
bit LMI_MIM.ENDIAN (read only) indicates the endianness of the system.
29.2.2 SDRAM interface pins

The external pins are described in Table 91.
To accommodate various loading conditions, the buffer strength of the pins is programmable.
This feature can minimize unnecessary power consumption while still meeting the SDRAM
device’s timing requirements. See Section 29.2.4 for details.
Table 91: SDRAM interface pins
Size
Name I/O Description
(pins)
LMI_CLK Output 1 SDRAM clock output: 66, 100, 133, 166 or 200 MHz
NOT_LMI_CLK Output 1 LMICLK and NOTLMICLK are differential clock outputs to DDR
SDRAM
LMI_CLK_EN Output 1 Clock enable. Activates the clock signal when high and deactivates
when low. By deactivating the clock, LMICLKEN low initiates the
power-down mode, self-refresh mode or suspend mode.
NOT_LMI_CS[1:0] Output 2 Chip select. Selects particular SDRAM components during the active
state.
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NOT_LMI_WE Output 1 Write enable signal. NOTLMIWE is asserted during writes to

SDRAM.
LMI_ADDR[12:0] Output 13 Row and column address
LMI_BK_SEL[1:0] Output 2 Bank address
LMI_DATA[31:0] I/O 32 Memory data
LMI_DATA_STROBE[3:0] I/O 4 Input/output data strobe.
These pins provide the read and write data strobe signal to/from the
receiver circuit of the DRAM controller. The LMI drives DQS pins in
write (store) cycles, while the DDR SDRAM drives them in read
(load) cycles.
LMI_DATA_MASK[3:0] Output 4 Input/output data mask. For regular SDRAM, these pins act as
synchronized output enables during read cycles and as byte enables
during write cycles.
For DDR SDRAM, these pins act as byte enables during write
cycles.
NOT_LMI_RAS Output 1 Row address strobe
NOT_LMI_CAS Output 1 Column address strobe
LMI_VREF Input 1 Input reference voltage
29.2.3 SDRAM devices

The LMI splits the physical memory address into banks, (internal) row and column addresses.
The LMI contains 15 external address pins. LMIBKSEL[1:0] specifies which bank, while
LMIADD[12:0] indicates row and column addresses in each bank. The (internal) row address
selects a page in an SDRAM. The column address selects data in a row. The LMI supports
memories where row addresses are up to 13 bits.
The following three tables (Table 92, Table 93 and Table 94) summarize various SDRAM devices
which are used to construct the memory subsystem in 2 different data bus widths. They also
illustrate LMIADD pins muxing versus SDRAM address split. Pins LMIADD[12:0] are directly
connected to SDRAM’s A[14:0]. The address split column in the table specifies the row and
column address split within a given bank.

Note: The mapping of LMIBKSEL[1:0] (bank select address bits) described in Table 92 and Table 93
can be bypassed enabling the bank remapping feature (see fields LMI_COC.BA_EN[1:0]).
Using the second entry as an example, 2 of 16 Mbit (2 M x 8 type, 2 banks) SDRAMs are used
to construct a row of main memory. The SDRAMs’ internal row and column address bits are 11
and 9, respectively. The page size is 1 Kbyte. Total memory on this row is 4 Mbytes. The CPU’s
physical address PA[11] is output to pin LMIBKSEL[0] in both RAS and CAS phases.
LMIADD[10] is driven with PA[12] in RAS phase. The AP (auto precharge) option is output to
LMIADD[10] in CAS phase, although the STx7100 LMI does not issue either read-with auto-
precharge or write-with auto-precharge commands.
16-bit data bus interface
Table 92: Row and column addressing for memory size and number of banks (16-bit interface)
SDRAM Address Page Row RAS LMIBKSEL LMIADD
type split size size CAS
1 0 12 11 10/ 9 8 [7:0]
a Mbit x b Mbyte AP
16 Mbit 2 bank
1 x 16 11 x 8 512 byte 2 RAS 11 12 10 9 [20:13]
CAS 11 AP [8:1]
2x8 11 x 9 1 Kbyte 4 RAS 11 12 10 21 [20:13]
CAS 11 AP 9 [8:1]
4x4 11 x 10 2 Kbyte 8 RAS 11 12 22 21 [20:13]
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CAS 11 AP 10 9 [8:1]
64 Mbit 2 bank
4 x 16 13 x 8 512 byte 8 RAS 11 12 10 9 22 21 [20:13]
CAS 11 AP [8:1]
8x8 13 x 9 1 Kbyte 16 RAS 11 12 10 23 22 21 [20:13]
CAS 11 AP 9 [8:1]
16 x 4 13 x 10 2 Kbyte 32 RAS 11 12 24 23 22 21 [20:13]
CAS 11 AP 10 9 [8:1]
64 Mbit 4 bank
4 x 16 12 x 8 512 byte 8 RAS 12 11 10 9 22 21 [20:13]
CAS 12 11 AP [8:1]
8x8 12 x 9 1 Kbyte 16 RAS 12 11 10 23 22 21 [20:13]
CAS 12 11 AP 9 [8:1]
16 x 4 12 x 10 2 Kbyte 32 RAS 12 11 24 23 22 21 [20:13]
CAS 12 11 AP 10 9 [8:1]
128 Mbit 4 bank
8 x 16 12 x 9 1 Kbyte 16 RAS 12 11 10 23 22 21 [20:13]
CAS 12 11 AP 9 [8:1]
16 x 8 12 x 10 2 Kbyte 32 RAS 12 11 24 23 22 21 [20:13]
CAS 12 11 AP 10 9 [8:1]
32 x 4 12 x 11 4 Kbyte 64 RAS 12 25 24 23 22 21 [20:13]
CAS 12 25 11 AP 10 9 [8:1]
256 Mbit 4 bank
16 x 16 13 x 9 1 Kbyte 32 RAS 12 11 10 24 23 22 21 [20:13]
CAS 12 11 AP 9 [8:1]
32 x 8 13 x 10 2 Kbyte 64 RAS 12 11 25 24 23 22 21 [20:13]
CAS 12 11 AP 10 9 [8:1]
64 x 4 13 x 11 4 Kbyte 128 RAS 12 26 25 24 23 22 21 [20:13]
CAS 12 26 11 AP 10 9 [8:1]

32-bit data bus interface
Table 93: Row and column addressing for memory size and number of banks (32-bit interface)
SDRAM Address Page Row RAS LMIBKSEL LMIADD
type split size size CAS
1 0 12 11 10/ 9 8 [7:0]
a Mbit x b Kbyte Mbyte AP
16 Mbit 2 bank
1 x 16 11 x 8 1 4 RAS 13 12 11 10 [21:14]
CAS 13 AP [9:2]
2x8 11 x 9 2 8 RAS 13 12 11 22 [21:14]
CAS 13 AP 10 [9:2]
4x4 11 x 10 4 16 RAS 13 12 23 22 [21:14]
CAS 13 AP 11 10 [9:2]
64 Mbit 2 bank
4 x 16 13 x 8 1 16 RAS 13 12 11 10 23 22 [21:14]
CAS 13 AP [9:2]
8x8 13 x 9 2 32 RAS 13 12 11 24 23 22 [21:14]
CAS 13 AP 10 [9:2]
16 x 4 13 x 10 4 64 RAS 13 12 25 24 23 22 [21:14]
CAS 13 AP 11 10 [9:2]
64 Mbit 4 bank
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2 x 32 11 x 8 1 8 RAS 12 13 10 11 22 [21:14]
CAS 12 13 AP AP* [9:2]
4 x 16 12 x 8 1 16 RAS 12 13 11 10 23 22 [21:14]
CAS 12 13 AP [9:2]
8x8 12 x 9 2 32 RAS 12 13 11 24 23 22 [21:14]
CAS 12 13 AP 10 [9:2]
16 x 4 12 x 10 4 64 RAS 12 13 25 24 23 22 [21:14]
CAS 12 13 AP 11 10 [9:2]
128 Mbit 4 bank
4 x 32 12 x 8 1 16 RAS 12 13 11 10 23 22 [21:14]
CAS 12 13 AP AP* [9:2]
8 x 16 12 x 9 2 32 RAS 12 13 11 24 23 22 [21:14]
CAS 12 13 AP 10 [9:2]
16 x 8 12 x 10 4 64 RAS 12 13 25 24 23 22 [21:14]
CAS 12 13 AP 11 10 [9:2]
32 x 4 12 x 11 8 128 RAS 26 13 25 24 23 22 [21:14]
CAS 26 13 12 AP 11 10 [9:2]
256 Mbit 4 bank
16 x 16 13 x 9 2 64 RAS 12 13 11 25 24 23 22 [21:14]
CAS 12 13 AP 10 [9:2]
32 x 8 13 x 10 4 128 RAS 12 13 26 25 24 23 22 [21:14]
CAS 12 13 AP 11 10 [9:2]
64 x 4 13 x 11 8 256 RAS 27 13 26 25 24 23 22 [21:14]
CAS 27 13 12 AP 11 10 [9:2]
Note: AP pin: the LMI uses bit LMI_MIM.BY32AP to determine if bit LMIADD8 is used to indicate the
PRE and PALL commands.

29.2.4 Initializing SDRAM devices

The boot/driver software must initialize SDRAM devices after power-on reset. No software
should access SDRAM before initialization is complete.
Double data rate SDRAM

1. The system provides four supplies in a certain sequence: VDD first, VDDQ next, then VREF
and VTT. VTT is not provided to the LMI, it is externally connected through a series of
termination registers. This is required to prevent latch-up in SDRAM devices. During and
after power-on reset, LMICLKEN must be kept low.
2. After all power supply and reference voltages are stable, and the clock is stable, a 200 µs
pause is necessary.
3. LMICLKEN should be brought high with the deselect command. After this point, unless the
LMI sends another command, the LMI has to send the deselect command.
4. A precharge all (PALL) is issued to the SDRAM.
5. A mode register set (MRS) command is issued to program the extended mode register to
enable the DLL. The MRS command is issued to program the mode register, reset the DLL
in SDRAM and program the operating parameters, for example burst length and CAS
latency.
6. A precharge all (PALL) is issued to the SDRAM.
7. Wait ten cycles after the DLL reset and send two CBR commands to the SDRAM.
8. A MRS command is issued to de-assert the DLL initialization bit in the mode register. Other
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programing parameters should be the same as in previous programing. For some memory
vendors, this step can be skipped because they support auto clearing of the DLL
initialization bit.
9. After 200 cycles from DLL reset, external memory becomes accessible.
The LMI SDRAM controller provides two mechanisms to accomplish the initialization sequence.
1. NOP, PALL, CKEH and CBR:
Field LMI_SCR.SMS (SDRAM mode select) is written with appropriate values to prompt the
SDRAM controller to start issuing one of these commands. For instance, SMS = 100 results
in a single CBR cycle on the SDRAM interface. When SMS = 011, the LMICLKEN signal
goes high. See LMI_SCR for details.
2. Setting the SDRAM device’s mode register:
The SDRAM’s mode register must be initialized before actual operation. The software (boot
code) initiates a write cycle to LMI_MIM, and then a write, to register LMI_SDMR[0:1] in the
control block. The SDRAM controller then issues an MRS command to all SDRAM devices
on row n.
Example: issuing MRS command to row 0
Software does a dummy write to LMI_SDMR0; the physical address must be arranged in the
following way:
● A[31:20] = 0000 1111 1000r,
● A[16:3] contains the value to be written to the SDRAM’s mode register,
● DATA[63:0] is ignored since LMI_SDMR0 is a write-only virtual register,
● A[12:3] is copied to LMIADD[9:0], A[18:15] to LMIADD[13:10] and A[14:13] to

LMIBKSEL[1:0] when an MRS command is issued to the SDRAM devices.
Software needs to ensure that the SDRAM timing specification (between the MRS command and
the first operational command) is met. One way to ensure this is to perform several SDRAM
control register reads.
Subsequently, LMI_SCR.SMS is written with 000. Normal SDRAM operation can then start.
Note: Software must program register LMI_MIM before writing to LMI_SDMR[0:1].

29.2.5 Operations
The SDRAM controller supports most DDR SDRAM commands. The following truth table lists all
commands supported.
Table 94: SDRAM command truth table
LMICLKEN NOTLMI... LMIADD LMI

Function Symbol BKSEL
[n - 1] [n] CS RAS CAS WE 11 APa, (10,8) [9, 0] [1: 0]
Device deselect DSEL H X H X X X X X X X
No operation NOP H X L H H H X X X X
Burst stop in read BST H X L H H L X X X X
Read READ H X L H L H V L V V
Write WRITE H X L H L L V L V V
Bank activate ACT H X L L H H V V V V
Precharge select PRE H X L L H L V L X V
bank
Precharge all PALL H X L L H L X H X X
banks
Auto refresh CBR H H L L L H X X X X
Self refresh entry SLFRSH H L L L L H X X X X
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from idle
Self refresh exit SLFRSHX L H H X X X X X X X
Power-down PWRDN H L X X X X X X X X
entry from idle
Power-down exit PWRDNX L H H X X X X X X X
Mode register set MRS H X L L L L V V V V
a. AP pin: the LMI uses LMI_MIM.BY32AP to determine if LMIADD8 pin is used to indicate PRE and PALL
commands.
Note: The LMI does not support full-page burst operation. The LMI issues a BST command to
terminate the burst read-only in DDR SDRAM mode.
The timing for issuing these commands is governed by the SDRAM timing register (see
LMI_STR for details). The LMI SDRAM controller can open up to four pages for each SDRAM
row and fully exploit the multi-bank architecture of modern SDRAM devices by tightly pipelining
SDRAM commands. The LMI is capable of detecting multiple consecutive requests to the same
SDRAM page. The SDRAM controller may combine same-page requests into a single same-
page access, providing that the timing of the requests is suitable.
29.2.6 Refresh
When DRAM refresh enable is 1 (LMI_MIM.DRE = 1). The LMI can automatically generate
refresh cycles. A 12-bit quantity (LMI_MIM.DRI, DRAM refresh interval) specifies the number of
memory clock cycles between refreshes. Software should program DRI in the inclusive range
[128:4095]. The behavior of the DRAM controller is undefined if the LMI is enabled and if DRI is
less than 128.
At the start of a refresh interval, the SDRAM controller loads the DRI 12-bit value into an internal
counter. This counter is decremented by 1 in each memory clock cycle. When the counter
reaches 0, the DRI value is reloaded into the counter and the next refresh interval is started.
All banks must be closed before a refresh operation can be performed. The SDRAM controller
issues a precharge all (PALL) command if there are any open pages. It then issues an auto

refresh command (CBR) after the Trp parameter is satisfied. The next row ACT command can be
issued one Trfc clock period (LMI_STR.SRFC) later.
The SDRAM controller performs exactly one refresh operation for each refresh interval. It
attempts to perform CBR as soon as possible within the refresh interval. When the counter ≤128
and CBR is not issued in the current refresh interval, the SDRAM controller causes any current
SDRAM access to complete in a timely manner by ensuring that the detection of same-page
SDRAM access is prevented. Subsequently it performs PALL and CBR commands.
The maximum refresh rate that the LMI can support is one row every 128 clock cycles. At this
rate, however, the detection of same-page SDRAM accesses is permanently disabled.
As an example, the hard reset value of DRI is 1562. For 100 MHz LMICLK, this allows 1024
refreshes in less than 16 ms.
Note: On average, the interval between two refreshes is determined by the DRI setting. However the
interval between any two successive refreshes could be larger or smaller than DRI by (a page
miss 32-byte transfer) clocks.
29.2.7 Power management

The LMI provides a single power management mechanism.
When the LMI receives STBY_REQ from the power-down management unit (PMU), the LMI
prepares the SDRAM rows to enter low-power state. The sequence of events for both entering
and leaving standby mode is described below. To make the correct sequence, cooperation with
the software driver is important.
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Entering standby
1. First, no initiators should be issuing transaction requests to the LMI.
2. The standby management program issues CBR command as the last command to the LMI.
3. The standby management program asserts STBY_REQ to the LMI.
4. All outstanding transaction requests are serviced.
5. The SDRAM controller issues a self-refresh command and lowers LMICLKEN to both
SDRAM rows. The SDRAM autonomously refreshes itself for the duration of the power-
down mode.
6. The LMI asserts STBY_ACK to the PMU. The memory clock (LMICLK) can now be stopped.
The clock controlling the padlogic flip-flops can be switched off when STBY_REQ (provided
by the PMU) and STBY_ACK (provided by the LMI core) are both asserted (these have to
be combined to act as the enable signal of a gated clock cell outside the LMI core).
The LMI core switches off its clock under these conditions (STBY_REQ and STBY_ACK both high).

Leaving standby by causes other than power-on reset

1. PMU de-asserts STBY_REQ. As a result of this, the LMI STBus clock and SDRAM clock
inside the LMI core resume. The same happens in the padlogic if the same clock gating
logic (STBY_REQ/STBY_ACK combined to act as enable of gated clock cell) are
implemented outside the LMI core.
2. The LMI de-asserts STBY_ACK, and starts to count down from (256 x LMI_SCR.CST) to
zero every LMICLK cycle.
3. When count down reaches zero, the SDRAM controller asserts LMICLKEN and sends
DESELECT commands continuously. All SDRAM rows exit from self-refresh mode.
4. The first valid command can be issued ten cycles after LMICLKEN’s rising edge.
5. For a DDR SDRAM, the LMI issues numbers of CBR commands set by LMI_SCR.BRFSH.
29.2.8 Caution when programming SDRAM’s mode register

The LMI SDRAM controller uses DT (SDRAM type) and BW (external data bus width) to
determine the burst length (register LMI_MIM).
For a 16-bit external data bus width, the LMI splits an STBus load32 or store32 packet into
multiple SDRAM transactions, with a burst of 8 for each transaction. The BL field of the SDRAM
device’s mode register must thus be programmed to match the LMI burst length behavior in the
third column.
29.2.9 Using registered DIMM

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When using registered DIMM, bit LMI_MIM.DIMM needs to be set to 1, so that the LMI can:
● delay data output by one cycle to synchronize with the buffered (on DIMM card) command
signals before they reach the SDRAM devices during a write operation,
● add one LMICLK cycle to the setting of bit LMI_STR.SCL (CAS latency). SCL should be
programmed with the same CL latency as the CL setting in the SDRAM device’s mode
register.
29.2.10 Others
Memory access to the address range of the base address + (0x0400 0000 to 0xEFF FFFF), is
routed to the LMI. This address range may not be fully populated with SDRAMs. Data access
outside the populated addresses, as defined in LMI_SDRA1.UBA, does not result in an external
memory transaction. Software that dynamically sizes the amount of external memory must use
an algorithm that is aware of this property. In the case of DIMMs, software can use I/O pins to
implement a serial presence detect (SPD) mechanism for dynamic sizing of main memory.

STx7100 30 LMI registers
30 LMI registers
There are two sets of LMI registers, for system and video LMI respectively.
Register addresses are provided as
LMIBaseAddress + offset or MicroSysGlueConfigBaseAddress + offset.
LMIBaseAddress is set to either LMISysBaseAddress or LMIVidBaseAddress depending on
which LMI is being addressed.
The LMISysBaseAddress is:
0x0F00 0000.
The LMIVidBaseAddress is:
0x1700 0000.
Table 95: LMI register summary
LMI_VCR Version control 0x0000 R/W
LMI_MIM Memory interface mode 0x0008 R/W
LMI_SCR SDRAM control 0x0010 R/W

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LMI_STR SDRAM timing 0x0018 R/W
LMI_PBS Pin buffer strength 0x0020 R/W
LMI_COC Padlogic control 0x0028 R/W
LMI_SDRA[0:1] SDRAM row attribute 0x0030, 0x0038 R/W
LMI_CIC Padlogic status 0x0040 R/W
LMI_SDMR[0:1] SDRAM mode 0x0048, 0x0050 WO

30 LMI registers STx7100
LMI_VCR Version control
63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32
TOP_MB BOT_MB MID
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DRAM_INACTIVE
BAD_ADDR
BAD_ADDR
BAD_OPC
BAD_OPC
ERR_SNT
ERR_SNT
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
MVERS
Address: LMIBaseAddress + 0x0000, 0x0004

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0F08 1000 0002 0000
Description:
[63:56] TOP_MB: Top data memory block; Identifies top of data memory block. Read only. Reset: 0x0F
[55:48] BOT_MB: Bottom data memory block. Identifies bottom of data memory block. Read only. Reset: 0x08
[47:32] MID: Module identity. Identifies module. Read only. Reset: 0x1000
[31:16] MVERS: Module version. Indicates module version number. Read only. Reset: 0x0002
[15:8] MERR: Memory error flags. Indicates errors in the LMI. The error status due to access to the LMI data
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block is recorded in MERR field. The set of supported MERR flags is given below.
[15:14] Reserved: Reset: 0
[13] BAD_OPC: A request with an unsupported opcode has been received (read/write). This bit is set by the
LMI hardware if a request with an unsupported opcode is received by LMI from STBus. Reset: 0
[10] BAD_ADDR: Request to an out-of-range or unpopulated address received (read/write). This bit is set by
the LMI hardware if a request directed to an out-of-range address or an unpopulated address in data
block is received. Reset: 0
[9] ERR_SNT: Error response sent (read/write). This bit is set by the LMI hardware if an error response is
sent by the LMI to STBus. It indicates that an earlier request to the LMI data block was invalid. Reset: 0
[8] DRAM_INACTIVE: Access to LMI data block (that is, external memory) when DRAM controller is
disabled (read/write). This bit is set by the LMI hardware if a request is made to access external memory
while DRAM controller is disabled. Reset: 0
[7:0] PERR: Port error flags. Indicates errors in the interface between LMI and the packet-router. The error
status due to access to the LMI control block is recorded in the PERR field. The set of supported PERR
flags is given below.
[5] BAD_OPC: Unsupported opcode (read/write). This bit is set by the LMI hardware if a request with an
unsupported opcode is received by LMI from STBus. Reset: 0
[2] BAD_ADDR: Undefined control register (read/write). This bit is set by the LMI hardware if the LMI
hardware receives a request for an undefined control register. Reset: 0
[1] ERR_SNT: Error response sent (read/write). This bit is set by the LMI hardware if an error response is
sent by the LMI to STBus. It indicates that an earlier request to the LMI was invalid. Reset: 0
[0] Reserved. Reset: 0

LMI_MIM Memory interface mode
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
BY32AP
ENDIAN
DIMM
DRE
DCE
Reserved DRI Reserved BW Reserved DT
Address: LMIBaseAddress + 0x0008

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x061A 0080
Description: This register specifies the configuration of the DRAM interface.
[63:28] Reserved
[27:16] DRI: DRAM refresh interval. Determines the maximum number of memory clock cycles between row
refreshes, when enabled.
[15:12] Reserved
[11] BY32AP: Interfacing x32 SDRAM devices. Pre-charges all bank command’s indicator for x32 SDRAM
devices.
0: BY32AP (LMIADD8 pin is not used when LMI issues PRE or PALL commands).
1: BY32AP (LMIADD8 pin is used when LMI issues PRE or PALL commands).
[10] DIMM: Registered DIMM module. Constructs the external row.
1: Data output delayed by one LMICLK cycle and one LMICLK cycle added to CAS latency
[9] DRE: DRAM refresh enable. Enable refresh mechanism.
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[8] ENDIAN: Memory endianness (read only)

Indicates whether the memory configuration is little or big endian. This bit only affects 16-bit and 32-bit
bus width modes. For 64-bit external interface, the endianness is transparent to the LMI.
0: Little endian memory configuration 1: Big endian memory configuration
[7:6] BW: Bus width. Indicates the data bus width of the LMI SDRAM interface.
00: 16 01: 32
10, 11: Reserved
[5:2] Reserved
[1] DT: (S)DRAM type (read only)
0: Reserved 1: DDR SDRAM
[0] DCE: DRAM controller enable. Indicates whether the SDRAM controller is enabled or disabled.
When the SDRAM controller is disabled, the LMI generates error responses to STBus requests (for data
block access) directed to the LMI.
0: SDRAM controller is disabled 1: SDRAM controller is enabled

LMI_SCR SDRAM control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PDSE
Reserved CST Reserved BRFSH SMS

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[63:28] Reserved
[27:16] CST: Clock stabilization time
These bits specify clock stabilization time on return from module standby mode.
0: No stabilization time before LMI start operation with SDRAM.
<>0: Count down this number with 1/256 LMICLK. When it reached to 0, LMI starts operation.
[15:7] Reserved
[6:4] BRFSH: Burst refresh. This bit enables burst refresh after wake up from standby.
000: No 001: 32
010: 512 011: 1024
100: 2048 101: 4096
110: Reserved 111: Reserved
[3] PDSE: Power-down SDRAM enable
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Allows the SDRAM controller to issue a power-down command to an idle SDRAM row. The SDRAM
controller issues a power down exit command when there is a request to access this idle row.
0: Disable 1: Enable
[2:0] SMS: SDRAM mode select
Enables the SDRAM controller to perform normal SDRAM operation and to issue NOP, PALL and CBR
which are required in the SDRAM device initialization sequence for power up or reset.
000: Normal SDRAM operation when LMI_MIM.DCE = 1.
001: NOP command enable. When SMS is written with this value and DCE = 1, the LMI issues 1 NOP
command to the SDRAM interface. To have n NOP commands, SMS must be written with 001, n times.
This command applies to all external SDRAM rows.
010: Precharge all banks. When SMS is written with this value and DCE = 1, the LMI issues 1 precharge
all command to the SDRAM interface. To have n PALL commands, SMS must be written with 010, n
times. This command applies to all external SDRAM rows.
011: Clock enable signals LCLKEN0 and LCKLKEN1 active. At reset the clocks are disabled.
100: CBR enable. When SMS is written with this value and DCE = 1, the LMI issues 1 CBR command to
the SDRAM interface. To have n CBR commands, SMS must be written with 011, n times. This command
applies to all external SDRAM rows.
101, 110, 111: Reserved

LMI_STR SDRAM timing
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DIS_TWTR
Reserved
Reserved
SCL[2:0]
SPDL[0]
SPDL[1]
SCL[3]
SWTR
SRRD
SXSR
SRFC
SRAS SRC SSRCD SRP

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[63:30] Reserved
[29:26] SXSR: Exit self-refresh to next command
Specify the number of cycles to wait after the self-refresh exit command before restarting sending
commands to the DDR
0: No time to wait.
1+: Count down this number with 1/16 memory clock. When it reaches 0, LMI starts operation.
[25:24] Reserved
[23] SWTR: TWTR, write to read interruption. TWTR parameter: last data-in (during write) to read command
0: 1 clock 1: 2 clocks
[22] DIS_TWTR: Disable the write to read interruption.
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0: Enable write to read interruption. 1: Disable write to read interruption.

[21] SPDL[0]: see SDPL field
[20:17] SRFC: TRFC, auto refresh RAS cycle time. Minimum delay between auto refresh and ACT (to the same
bank), auto refresh and auto refresh (to the same bank).
0000: 6 clocks 0001: 7 clocks 0010: 8 clocks 0011: 9 clocks
All others: Reserved
[16:13] SCL: SDRAM CAS latency (CL). Controls the number of LMICLKs between when a read command is
sampled by the SDRAMs and when the processor samples read data from SDRAMs.
0010: 2 clocks 0011: 3 clocks 1001: 1.5 clocks 1010: 2.5 clocks
0100: 4 clocks All others: Reserved
[12] SDPL[1]: SDRAM TDPL, as well as DDR SDRAM’s TWR. SDRAM: last write-data to PRE or PALL
command period DDR SDRAM: from the end of postamble to PRE or PALL command.
STR[12] STR[21]
00: 1 clock 10: 2 clocks 01: 3 clocks 11: 4 clocks
[11] SRRD: TRRD, RAS to RAS active delay. Specifies delay from ACT bank n to ACT bank i command
(different bank).
0: 2 clocks 1: 3 clocks
[10:8] SRAS: TRAS, RAS active time. ACT to PRE command (for the same bank).
101: 9 clocks 110: 10 clocks All others: Reserved
[7:4] SRC: TRC, RAS cycle time. Minimum delay between ACT and auto refresh (to the same bank), ACT and
ACT (to the same bank).
1000: 14 clocks 1001: 15 clocks All others: Reserved

[3:2] SRCD: TRCD, RAS to CAS delay. Controls the number of LMICLKs from a row activate command to a
column command (for the same bank).
00: 2 clocks of RAS to CAS delay 01: 3 clocks of RAS to CAS delay
10: 4 clocks of RAS to CAS delay 11: 5 clocks of RAS to CAS delay
[1:0] SRP: TRP, RAS precharge to ACT command. Controls the number of LMICLKs for RAS precharge to
ACT command (for the same bank).
00: 2 clocks of RAS precharge 01: 3 clocks of RAS precharge
10: 4 clocks of RAS precharge 11: 5 clocks of RAS precharge
LMI_PBS Padlogic pin buffer strength
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DATA_BUF_STRENGTH
COM_BUF_STR
CLK_BUF_STR
Reserved

Type: R/W
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Reset: 0
Description: Sets the output buffer drive strength for the SSTL2 pads used in the DDR padlogic.
Each two-bit control field has the following encoding:
00: 5pf 01: 15pf
10: 25pf 11: 35pf
[3:2] DATA_BUF_STRENGTH: Data buffer strength
This field selects the drive strength for the DQ, DM, and DQS DDR pins.
[3:2] COM_BUF_STR: Command buffer strength
This field selects the drive strength for the CKE, CS, RAS, CAS, WE, A, and BA DDR pins.
[1:0] CLK_BUF_STR: Clock buffer strength
This field selects the drive strength for the CK and CK# DDR pins.

LMI_COC Padlogic control
63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32
RX_LATENCY
TX_LATENCY
Reserved
Reserved
STROBE
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DAT_PU_PD_MODE
VREF_MODE_SEL
DLL2_LCK_CTRL
DLL1_LCK_CTRL
BY_32_MODE
DLL2_CTRL
PAD_MODE
DLL_MODE
USR_RGE
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register sets various parameters that control padlogic functional behavior.
[63:62] Reserved
[61:55] LMI async bridge control
This part of the register controls the asynchronous bridge configuration within the LMI.
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[61:59] TX_LATENCY
000: Latency of 8 cycles 001: Latency of 7 cycles ...
[58:56] RX_LATENCY
000: Latency of 8 cycles 001: Latency of 7 cycles ...
[55] STROBE: Strobe signal to validate configuration data
[54:27] Reserved
[26:23] DLL2_LCK_CTRL: DLL2 lock control; See the DLL1 lock control field for a description
[22:16] DLL2_CTRL: DLL2 control; See the DLL1 control field for a description
[15:12] DLL1_LCK_CTRL: DLL1 lock control
Defines the number of consecutive up/down pulses trigger the lock status.
LOCK goes high when the following number of consecutive up or down pulses are detected. Lock
generation is very sensitive to jitter.
0000: 5 0110: 7
0001: 2 0111: 8
0010: 3 1000: 9
0011: 4 1001: 10
0100: 5 1010: 11
0101: 6 Others: 5
[11:5] DLL1 CONTROL
This field is divided into two subfields. For more details, refer to Pangea DLL specification.
[11:10] DLL_MODE
00: Standalone mode. The delay command is calculated by the DLL.
01: Delay command forced by the user. DLL_command = range[4:0] & “1000”.
10: Delay command adjusted by the user. DLL_command is created by adding range[4:0] to
DLL_command[8:4].
11: Test mode. Delay element command and DLL_command are forced to range[4:0] & “1000”.
[9:5] USR_RGE: User defined range[4:0]. Allowed values: 0 to 19.
Range[4:0] is used to set the upper part of the delay element command (bits 8 to 4) according to the
DLL_mode.

[4:3] DAT_PU_PD_MODE: Data pull-up/pull-down mode.

This field selects the internal pad pull-up/pull-down configuration for the DQ, DM, and DQS pins.
Note: When the output buffer is enabled, the pull-up, pull-down resistors are disabled.
00: Pull-up and pull-down are disabled
01: 50 kΩ pull-down enabled (output must be disabled)
10: 50 kΩ pull-up enabled (output must be disabled)
11: Forbidden
[2] VREF_MODE_SEL: VREF mode select
When clear, VREF is generated internally for each pad. When set, VREF must be supplied externally.
[1] PAD_MODE
0: The pad operates in SSTL receive mode 1: The pad operates in LVTTL receive mode
[0] BY_32_MODE
0: Each byte is captured by its respective strobe.
1: Data is captured only by DQS0 for use with X32 DDR devices that have only one strobe.
LMI_SDRA[0:1] SDRAM row attribute
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
BA_EN[1:0]
BANK
UBA Reserved Reserved SPLIT Reserved
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Type: R/W
Reset: 0x00
Description:
[63:32] Reserved
[31:21] UBA: Row upper boundary address.
Defines the upper boundary address of the external SDRAM row in 2 Mbyte granularity. UBA specifies
the external row’s upper boundary address [21, 31].
[20:13] Reserved
[12] BANK: SDRAM device bank number. Defines the SDRAM device bank number of the associated
physical memory row.
0: Dual-bank 1: Quad-bank
[11:8] SPLIT: SDRAM device address split for each bank. Defines the split of row and column address bits for a
given bank within an SDRAM device.
0000: 11x8 0001: 11x9
0010: 11x10 0011: Reserved
0100: 12x8 0101: 12x9
0110: 12x10 0111: Reserved
1000: 13x8 1001: 13x9
1010: 13x10 1011: 13x11
11nn: Reserved
[7:2] Reserved

[1] BA1_EN: Enable/disable bank remapping for LMIBKSEL1.

If this feature is enabled, bit 9 of the incoming STBus address is swapped with the STBus address bit that
the LMI considers to use as LMIBKSEL1 according to its configuration as in tables 6, 7, 8. This swap is
done before the STBus address is processed by the LMI and only in case of external memory accesses
(that is, the swap is not done during a modeset operation and internal register accesses).
0: Disable bank remapping feature for LMIBKSEL1 1: Enable bank remapping feature for LMIBKSEL1
[0] BA0_EN: Enable/disable bank remapping for LMIBKSEL0.
If this feature is enabled, bit 8 of the incoming STBus address is swapped with the STBus address bit that
the LMI considers to use as LMIBKSEL0 according to its configuration as in tables 6, 7, 8. This swap is
done before the STBus address is processed by the LMI and only in case of external memory accesses
(that is, the swap is not done during a modeset operation and internal register accesses).
0: Disable bank remapping feature for LMIBKSEL0 1: Enable bank remapping feature for LMIBKSEL0
LMI_CIC Padlogic status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DLL2_CMD
DLL1_CMD
DLL2_LCK
DLL1_LCK
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
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Description: This register reports DLL command status information.

[31:20] Reserved
[19] DLL2_LCK: DLL2 lock
This bit is set when DLL2 has reached a steady locked state.
This field reports the command currently being generated by DLL2.
[9] DLL1_LCK: DLL1 lock
This bit is set when DLL1 has reached a steady locked state.
This field reports the command currently being generated by DLL1.
LMI_SDMR[0:1] SDRAM mode

Type: WO
Description: These registers are write-only virtual registers, since physically they are not contained
in the processor chip. A write to these virtual registers triggers an SDRAM mode
register set command to be issued to a row of SDRAM devices. The value on physical
address A[12:3] is copied to LMIADD[9:0] pins, A[14:13] is output to LMIBKSEL[1:0]
and A[18:15] is driven to LMIADD[13:10]. The values on data pins are undefined and
are ignored by the SDRAM devices. In response to the mode register set command, a
DDR SDRAM device then latches LMIADD[11:0] and LMIBKSEL[1:0] into its mode
register. A read to these registers returns an undefined value.
Refer to the DDR SDRAM manufacturers’ datasheets for the definition of each bit in its
mode register and extended mode register.
Note: The definition of a mode register’s bit field varies with different SDRAM density.

31 External memory interface (EMI) STx7100
31 External memory interface (EMI)
31.1 Overview
The EMI is a general purpose external memory interface which allows the system to support a
number of memory types, external process interfaces and devices. This includes glueless
support for up to five independent memories or devices.
31.2 Features
The main features include:
● 16-bit interface,
● up to 100 MHz operating frequency,
● support for up to five external memory banks,
● asynchronous or burst Flash support (AMD AM29BL162C, ST M58LW064, INTEL

28F160F3 compatible) (connectable banks 0 to 4),
● asynchronous peripheral support (SRAM and ROM) (connectable banks 0 to 4),
● optional PC Card support for PCMCIA and CableCARDTM (POD) modules in banks 3
and 4.
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The EMI memory map is divided into five regions (EMI banks) which may be independently
configured to accommodate one of SRAM, ROM, asynchronous or burst Flash.
Each bank can only accommodate one type of device, but different device types can be placed in
different banks to provide glueless support for mixed memory systems.
EMI endianness is fixed at system reset and cannot be changed dynamically. Bit positions are
numbered left to right from the most significant to the least significant. Thus in a 32-bit word, the
leftmost bit, 31, is the most significant bit and the rightmost bit, 0, is the least significant.
The external data bus can be configured to be 8 or 16 bits wide on a per-bank basis.
Note: The STx7100 does not support SDRAM on its EMI interface.

STx7100 31 External memory interface (EMI)
31.3 EMI interface pins

The external pins are described in Table 96.
Table 96: EMI interface pins
Name I/O Size Description

NOTEMICS0 Output 1 All devices. Device chip select for bank 0.
NOTEMIBE[1:0] Output 2 All devices. Device databus byte enable. Alternatively, bit[1] low order
address bit for 8 bit devices.
NOTEMIBE[0] becomes PCCARD_IOWR# during PC Card accesses.
NOTEMIOE Output 1 All devices. Device output enable.
NOTEMIOE becomes PCCARD_OE# during PC Card accesses.
NOTEMILBA Output 1 SFlash devices only. Load burst address.
NOTEMILBA becomes PCCARD_WE# during PC Card accesses.
NOTEMIBAA Output 1 Some SFlash devices only. Burst address advanced.
NOTEMIBAA becomes PCCARD_IORD# during PC Card accesses.
EMITREADYORWAI Input 1 Device target ready indicator.
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T
EMIRDNOTWR Output 1 All devices. Common read/write access indicator.
EMIDATA[15:0] I/O 16 All devices. Common data bus.
EMIADDR[23:1] Output 23 All devices. Common address bus.
EMIFLASHCLK Output 1 SFlash devices only. SFlash clock.
EMIPRTSIZE Output 1 Boot device port size (0 = 16 bits; 1 = 8 bits).
EMIBUSREQ Input 1 EMI Bus ownership request from external agent.
EMIBUSGNT Output 1 EMI Bus ownership grant to external agent.

31.4 EMI address map

The EMI is allocated a 16 Mbyte memory region mapped onto five user configurable memory
banks, plus a configuration space used to control the behavior of the EMI.
The configuration address space is organized as shown in Table 101: EMI configuration register
summary on page 260.
Each EMI_BANKn (n = 0 to 4) contains a set of four 32-bit registers that are used to configure
each bank depending on the type of device that is connected.
The type and organization of each set of bank registers depends on the value in DEVICETYPE
(EMI_CFG_DATA0) which defines the type of memory or device attached to that bank.
The EMI supports nonmultiplexed address and data bus.
Each memory type and the associated control registers are described later in this chapter.
31.5 EMI operation

The EMI is a highly flexible memory device which is able to support a large range of memory
components gluelessly. It accepts memory operations from the system and, depending on the
address of the operation, either accesses its internal configuration space or one of the possible
five external memory banks.
The position, size, clock frequency and memory type supported is dependent on how the
associated control registers, EMI_BANKS[0:4], are programmed.
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Following reset, all banks start with the same configuration which allows the system to boot from
a large range of nonvolatile memory devices.
As part of the boot process, the user should program the EMI configuration registers to match
the memory supported in that system, defining the memory size, the location in the address and
the device type connected.
31.5.1 Bank programming

Refer to Section 31.8: Chip select allocation/bank configuration on page 256 for full bank
programming details.
31.5.2 Clock reconfiguration for synchronous interfaces

Following reset, the clocks for synchronous interfaces are disabled. This is due to the default
reset assuming a memory which may be accessed asynchronously.
To access the synchronous memory, the user sets up the configuration state associated with that
bank. The user then programs the required clock ratio in the register EMI_xxxCLKSEL
associated with that memory type.
The external clocks and associated clock dividers are then enabled by a write of 1 to register
EMI_CLK_EN. Once enabled, any attempt to reprogram the clock ratios may have undefined
effects.

31.6 Default/reset configuration

Following reset, a default configuration setting is loaded into all five banks. This allows the EMI to
access data from a slow ROM or FLASH memory. The default settings are detailed in Table 97.
Table 97: Default configuration for asynchronous boot
Parameter Default value

DATADRIVEDELAY 10 phases
BUSRELEASETIME 4 cycles
CSACTIVE Active during read only
OEACTIVE Active during read only
BEACTIVE Inactive
PORTSIZE Value of the signal EMI4_PRTSZ_INIT
DEVICETYPE Peripheral
ACCESSTIMEREAD (18 + 2 = 20 cycles)
CSE1TIMEREAD 0 phases
CSE2TIMEREAD 0 phases
OEE1TIMEREAD 0 phases
OEE2TIMEREAD 0 phases
LATCHPOINT End of access cycle
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WAITPOLARITY Active high

CYCLEnotPHASE Phase
BE1TIMEREAD 3 phases
BE2TIMEREAD 3 phases
The remaining configuration parameters are not relevant for an asynchronous boot; that is the
aim of the default configuration.
Figure 64: Default asynchronous configuration
EMIADDR
NOTEMICS
NOTEMIOE
4 cycles
EMIDATA
(read)
10 phases
EMIDATA
(write)
Read data
latch point

31.7 Peripheral interface (with synchronous Flash memory support)
31.7.1 Overview
A generic peripheral (for example SRAM, EPROM, SFlash) access is provided which is suitable for
direct interfacing to a wide variety of SRAM, ROM, Flash, SFlash and other peripheral devices.
Note: Refer to Section 31.8 on page 256 for specific STx7100 settings.
Figure 65 shows a generic access cycle and the allowable values for each timing field.
Figure 65: Generic access cycle
ACCESSCYCLETIME
EMIADDR
CSE1 time CSE2 time

NOTEMICS
OEE1 time OEE2Time

NOTEMIOE
BEE1 time BE E2 time

Constant high for reads
NOTEMIBE
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Data drive delay

EMIDATA
(write)
BUSRELEASETIME
EMIDATA
(read) Read data
latch point
EMIRDNOTWR Constant high for reads
Write
Table 98: Strobe timing parameters for peripheral
Name Programmable value

ACCESSTIME 2 cycles + 0 to125 cycles
BUSRELEASETIME 0 to15 cycles
DATADRIVEDELAY 0 to 31 phases after start of access cycle
CSE1TIME Falling edge of CS. 0 to15 phases or cycles after start of access cycle
CSE2TIME Rising edge of CS. 0 to15 phases or cycles before end of access cycle
OEE1TIME Falling edge of OE. 0 to15 phases or cycles after start of access cycle
OEE2TIME Rising edge of OE. 0 to15 phases or cycles before end of access cycle.
BEE1TIME Falling edge of BE. 0 to15 phases or cycles after start of access cycle
BEE2TIME Rising edge of BE. 0 to15 phases or cycles before end of access cycle
LATCHPOINT 0: End of access cycle.
1 to 16: 1 to 16 cycles before end of access cycle.

Separate configuration parameters are available for reads and writes. In addition, each strobe can
be configured to be active on read, writes, neither or both.
Table 99: Active code settings
CS/OE/BE active code Strobe activity

00 Inactive
01 Active during read only
10 Active during write only
11 Active during read and write
31.7.2 Synchronous burst Flash support

Burst mode Flash accesses consist of multiple read accesses which must be made in a sequential
order. The EMI maps system memory operations onto one or more burst Flash accesses depending
on the burst size configuration, operation size and the starting address of the memory access.
The EMI supports the following memory devices:
● AMD AM29BL162C,
● ST M58LW064A/B,
● Intel 28F800F3/ 28F160F3,
● and any new part in these families with identical access protocol.
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Table 100 provides a brief description and comparison of EMI-supported Flash memories.
Note: Not all memory features are supported. When a feature is not supported, this is highlighted.
The EMI implements a superset of operational modes so that it is compatible with most of the main
functions listed for the three Flash families. The following sections contain a brief description of the
EMI Flash interface functionality.

Table 100: ST/AMD/Intel Flash features comparison
AM29BL162C STM58LW064A/B Intel 28F800F3/28F160F3

Size 16 Mbits 64 Mbits 8/16 Mbits
Max a 40 MHz 60 MHz 60 MHz

operating
frequency
Data bus 16 bits fixed 16/32 bits 16 bits fixed
Main Async single access write Async single access write Async single access write
operations Sync burst read Sync burst read Sync burst read
Async single access read Async single access read Async single access read
Async page read Async page read
Not supported by EMI Not supported by EMI
Sync single access read
Not supported by EMI
Burst size 32 word 1-2-4-8 wordsb or continuous. 4 to 8 words or continuous
Not supported by EMI: Set by burst configuration Set by read configuration
max burst is 8 words register. Continuous not register
supported by EMI Continuous is not supported by
EMI
Burst stylec Linear burst -32 words Sequential burst Linear burst
Interleaved burst (Not Intel burst (Not supported)
supported)
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X-latencyd 70-90-120 ns 7-8-9-10-12e cycles 2-3-4-5-6 cycles
Y-latencyf 1 cycle 1-2 cycles 1 cycle
Burst Yes via burst address Yes via burst address advance No automatic advance
suspend/ advance (NOTEMIBAA) (NOTEMIBAA) input
resumeg input
Ready/busy Yes (RD/BY) Yes (RD/BY) No

pinh
Ready for No Yes (R) Yes (W)
bursti
a. The Flash operating frequency, clock divide ratios and system frequency should be consistent
with the maximum operating frequency.
b. A burst length of eight words is not available in the x32 data bus configuration.
c. Modulo burst is equivalent to linear burst and sequential burst. Interleaved burst is equivalent to
Intel burst. On AMD the burst is enabled by four async write operations. On ST and Intel the burst
is enabled synchronously via the burst configuration register.
d. X latency is the time elapsed from the beginning of the accesses (address put on the bus) to the
first valid data that is output during a burst. For ST, it is the time elapsed from the sample valid
of starting address to the data being output from memory for Intel and AMD.
e. 10 to 12 only for F = 50 MHz.
f. Y-latency is the time elapsed from the current valid data that is output to the next data valid in
output during a burst.
g. In AMD and ST devices, BAA (or B) can be tied active. This means that the address advance
during a burst is noninterruptable (Intel likewise). EMI assumes these pins are tied active and
does not generate a BAA signal.
h. When the pin is low, the device is busy with a program/erase operation. When high, the device
is ready for any read, write operation.
i. These signals are used to introduce wait states. For example, in the continuous burst mode the
memory may incur an output delay when the starting address is not aligned to a four word
boundary. In this case a wait is asserted to cope with the delay.

31.7.3 Operating modes

Two different programmable read modes are supported:
● asynchronous single read,
● synchronous burst mode (default four words length: configurable to 1, 2, 4 and 8 words)
using a specific lower frequency clock selected using register EMI_FLASH_CLK_SEL.
Note: 1 Continuous burst is not supported by the EMI.
2 32 words burst size is partially supported by the EMI; the burst is interrupted when the required
data has been read.
3 Asynchronous page mode read is not supported by the EMI.
4 Interleaved burst mode is not supported by the EMI due to the implementation of multiple reads
only using synchronous burst mode (feature provided by all three families of Flash chips
adopted).
The EMI supports a asynchronous single write.
The asynchronous single read/write uses the same protocol as that of the normal peripheral
interface.
Figure 66 shows a typical burst access with burst length of four words.
Figure 66: Synchronous burst mode Flash read (burst length = 4)

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EMIFLASHCLK
EMIADDR
A A
NOTEMILBA
ACCESSTIMEREAD DATAHOLDDELAY
NOTEMICS
NOTEMIOE
NOTEMIBAA
EMIDATA D D+1 D+2 D+3 D
The ACCESSTIMEREAD parameter is used to specify the time taken by the device to process
the burst request. The rate at which subsequent accesses can be made is then specified by the
DATAHOLDDELAY parameter, e1 and e2 delays can also be specified.

31.7.4 Burst interrupt and burst reiteration

The EMI interrupts the burst after the required amount of data has been read, thus making the
chip select of the burst device inactive. This operation is allowed by all three families of Flash
devices (burst read interrupt for an ST device, standby for Intel, terminate current burst read for
AMD). Due to this operation, the Flash device puts its outputs in tri-state. If a new burst operation
is then required, a new chip select and load burst address is provided (NOTEMILBA) to the
memory chip.
If the Flash interface is configured to a burst sequence of n bytes, and a burst read request of m
bytes is presented to the EMI on the STBus interface, there are three possible outcomes.
● n = m
The EMI performs one burst access during which it gets the exact number of words as
requested (see example A on Figure 67 with n = m = 8). Depending on the starting address,
there is possibly a wrap that is automatically completed by the Flash device. The wrap
occurs when the starting address is not aligned on an n-byte word boundary.
Figure 67: Burst on a Flash with a single access
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A) n = m = 8 words
Single burst
Start address = 0x0000B

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Wrap to read last two bytes is automatically done by Flash device
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
B)
First burst
Start address = 0x0010B
● n>m
If the starting address is aligned on an m-byte word boundary, the EMI gets m bytes from a
single burst sequence as explained in the previous paragraph. Then the transfer on Flash is
interrupted making the chip select inactive. This terminates the burst transfer and puts the
memory device in standby mode, waiting for a new request and starting address for a new
burst.
If the starting address is not aligned on an m-byte word boundary, a first burst on the Flash
executes until the m-byte word boundary is crossed. The burst on the Flash is interrupted
and there follows another burst with a starting address that wraps to an m-byte boundary
(directly given by STBus interface) to read the remaining data. After all the required bytes
have been read, the burst access on Flash can be interrupted.
● n<m
The EMI needs to perform more burst accesses until it gets the required m words.
If the starting address is aligned on an n-byte word boundary, there are a series of Flash
burst accesses until the exact number of bytes is met.
If the starting address is not aligned on an n-byte word boundary, there is a first access on
Flash to read data until the n-byte word boundary is met. This access is then interrupted
and new series of accesses are started on a new address provided by STBus (that
eventually wraps at the m-bytes boundary). This is repeated until the exact number of bytes
is reached. This happens in the middle of the last Flash burst that is interrupted in the usual
manner.

31.7.5 Synchronous burst enable

This operation is controlled by software and must only be performed when all other configuration
registers in the EMI have been programmed.
Table 100 shows that for ST and Intel devices to operate in synchronous burst mode, the
configuration parameters must be set in a special configuration register inside the memory
device. The configuration software routine starts two asynchronous write operations for each
bank of burst memory, where address and data, respect precise configuration rules. However, for
AMD the burst enable is performed by a sequence of four normal asynchronous writes.
31.7.6 Support for lower clock rates

Many SFlash devices operate in the 30 to 50 MHz clock range (Table 100) whereas the EMI
operates up to a clock frequency of 100 MHz. To deal with this difference, the EMI can run in a
lower speed mode. The hardware in the EMI needed for this mode forces accesses to always
start on the rising edge of the slower clock. It is up to the user to configure the other EMI timings,
to setup and latch, on the appropriate edge of this slower clock.
Figure 68: Half speed EMI SFlash clock
EMICLK
EMIFLASHCLK
EMIADDR
A
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NOTEMILBA
NOTEMICS ACCESSTIMEREAD
DATAHOLDDELAY
NOTEMIOE
NOTEMIBAA
EMIDATA D D+1 D+2 D+3
31.7.7 Initialization sequence

Peripheral interfaces are used immediately after reset to boot the device. Therefore, the default
state must be correct for either synchronous or normal ROM. An SFlash device can be interfaced
to normal ROM strobes with the addition of only the address valid signal and the clock. When the
CPU has run the initial bootstrap, it can configure both the SFlash device and the EMI to make
use of the burst features.
Note: The Flash devices are in asynchronous read mode after reset.
Caution
The process of changing from default configuration to synchronous mode is not interruptible.
Therefore the CPU must not be reading from the device at the same time as changing the
configuration as there is a small window where the EMI’s configuration is inconsistent with the
memory device’s.

31.7.8 Use of Flash memories in different banks with contiguous memory spaces
As shown in Table 100 on page 252, the maximum size of memory chip for SFlash is 64 Mbits.
This may not be enough for some of the variants that use the EMI.
It is however possible to place two Flash devices in different banks and have their memory space
located contiguously in the overall address space. With this arrangement, the two Flash devices
are seen the same way as a single, larger memory device from the software point of view.
This is done through the use of the bank reconfiguration capability, controlled through the EMI
Buffer Registers.
31.8 Chip select allocation/bank configuration

Each of the five EMI banks can be configured separately to support different types of devices. There
are restrictions on certain banks. The STx7100 provides five chip selects at its outputs, one per
bank.
31.9 Address bus extension to low order bits

The STx7100 EMI is able to use either 8- or 16-bit wide memory devices. Selection is done
through field PORTSIZE of registers EMI_CFG_DATA0, see Section 32.2.1: Configuration
register formats for peripherals on page 265. The width of the boot bank is selected in hardware
by the logic level to which pin PORTSIZE is tied.
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When using a 16-bit device, the low order address bit is on pin EMIADDR[1]. Pins
NOTEMIBE[1:0] are byte selectors: bit [0] enables the low order byte and bit [1] enables the high
order byte.
When using an 8-bit device, the low order address bit is on pin NOTEMIBE[1] (that is,
NOTEMIBE[1] is a virtual EMIADDR[0]). Pins NOTEMIBE[0] acts as byte enable.

31.10 PC card interface

The STx7100 offers a PC Card interface able to support PCMCIA and CableCARD modules (to
the ANSI/SCTE-28/2001 standard). This is done through the EMI interface pins, with some of
them modified as described further on.
The PC Card signals not available directly from the EMI or anywhere else in the STx7100
application are:
PCCARD_OE#, PCCARD_WE#, PCCARD_IORD#, PCCARD_IOWR#
(asserted at logic low level).
Banks 3 and 4 support PC Card accesses.
Using PCMCIA terminology:
● For common (or attribute memory) read access, PCCARD_OE# gets asserted.
● For I/O read access, PCCARD_IORD# gets asserted.
● For common (or attribute memory) write access, PCCARD_WE# gets asserted.
● For I/O write access, PCCARD_IOWR# gets asserted.
Distinction between memory accesses and IO accesses to the PC Card are based on
subdecoding:
● If EMI address line A[15] is 1 then it is a memory access,
● if 0 then it is an I/O access.
Glue logic internal to the STx7100 generates the specific PC Card signals and multiplex them
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with some regular EMI signals as follows:

NOTEMIOE = PCCARD_OE#
NOTEMILBA = PCCARD_WE#
NOTEMIBAA = PCCARD_IORD#
NOTEMIBE[0] = PCCARD_IOWR#
Enabling of banks 3 and 4 as PC Card banks is based on bits [3] and [4] of EMI General
Configuration bits EMI_GENCFG (refer to EMI configuration register list).
When these enables are set, during access to one of these banks (as indicated by the state of
EMI_nCS[3] or EMI_nCS[4]) the regular EMI signal is replaced by the PC Card specific signals.
Note: To avoid potential glitch problems, timings of the EMI when accessing a PC Card should be set
such that the NOTEMIOE low pulse is completely contained within the NOTEMICSx pulse, with a
little margin.

31.11 External bus mastering

It is possible under some conditions to share the EMI bus with an external agent (for example an
external host CPU) using pins EMIREQ and EMIGNT. This enables sharing common memory
devices (for example a Flash memory) between the STx7100 and an external host.
Arbitration is always performed by the STx7100, which can release the EMI bus by turning off all
its EMI I/O drivers upon request for access from an external host. The procedure is as follows:
1. The external host requests access to the EMI bus by asserting STx7100 input EMIREQ.
2. The STx7100 completes any pending access, tri-states its EMI I/Os, and grants access to
the bus by asserting output EMIGNT.
3. The external host performs its accesses. When done, it de-asserts signal EMIREQ, the
STx7100 n turn de-asserts signal EMIGNT and takes back ownership of the EMI bus.
Whilst pin EMIREQ is a pure input to the STx7100, pin EMIGNT is shared with PIO3[7]: the
alternate output function of this PIO must be enabled by appropriate programming of the PIO
registers to have access to EMIGNT.
Note: It may be possible to operate without the EMIGNT signal if the external host guarantees a
latency from assertion of EMIBUSREQ to driving the bus. This latency should be more than the
maximum duration of an STx7100 EMI access (application dependent).
During reset, the STx7100 does not drive the EMI bus, so it is also possible to hold off the
STx7100 and boot an external host from the EMI bus by holding off the hardware reset supplied
to the STx7100.
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31.12 EMI buffer

The EMI buffer block defines the size of the five banks mapped in the internal memory map. All
banks are contiguous and the mapping is done by programming the top address of each bank,
with the base address of Bank 0 fixed at 0x4000 000. The address granularity is 4 Mbytes per
bank. The default configuration is 16 Mbytes per bank and all five banks enabled.256MBytes for
Banks 0 to 3 and 8 Mbyte for Bank 4.
Note: There is actually a fifth “virtual” bank, Bank 5, whose associated ChipSelect is not brought out of
the chip so which is not usable. However, knowledge of its existence helps program correctly the
EMI Buffer registers.

STx7100 32 EMI registers
32 EMI registers
32.1 Overview
Register addresses are provided as
EMIConfigBaseAddress + offset,
EMIBufferBaseAddress + offset, or
EMIBankBaseAddress + offset.
The EMIConfigBaseAddress is:
0x1A10 0000.
The EMIBufferBaseAddress is:
0x1A10 0800.
The EMIBankBaseAddress is:
EMIConfigBaseAddress + EMIBank(n) with n = {0,1,2,3,4}
where
EMIBank0 = 0x100,
EMIBank1 = 0x140,
EMIBank2 = 0x180,
EMIBank3 = 0x1C0,
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EMIBank4 = 0x200,
EMIBank5 = 0x240 (“virtual” bank: accessible, but no associated external Chip Select signal).

32 EMI registers STx7100
Table 101: EMI configuration register summary
Offset from
Register Description Type
EMIConfigBaseAddress
EMI_VCR Reserved for version control EMI register 0x000 RO
EMI_STA_CFG Status register (configuration flags update) 0x010 RO
EMI_STA_LCK Lock register (configuration flags lock) 0x018 WO
EMI_LCK Lock register 0x020 WO
EMI_GEN_CFG General purpose configuration register set 0x028 R/W
Reserved - 0x030 to 0x048 -
EMI_FLASH_CLK_SEL Select clock speed for Flash devices 0x050 WO
Reserved - 0x058 -
EMI_CLK_EN Enable clock generation for different devices 0x068 WO
Reserved - 0x070 to 0x0F8 -
EMI_BANK0 Bank0 configuration register set 0x100 to 0x138 R/W

(EMI_CFG_DATA[0:3] + reserved space)

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EMI_BANK2 Bank2 configuration register set 0x180 to 0x1B8 R/W

EMI_BANK3 Bank3 configuration register set 0x1C0 to 0x1F8 R/W


Reserved - 0x240 to 0xFFF8 -
The configuration region of each bank is divided as shown in Table 102.
Table 102: EMI_BANKn register organization
Offset from
Register
EMIBankBaseAddress
EMI_CFG_DATA0 0x00
EMI_CFG_DATA1 0x08
EMI_CFG_DATA2 0x10
EMI_CFG_DATA3 0x18

The EMI buffer is characterized by six internal registers:

● five related to the accessible external memory banks (each composed of six bits),
● one related to the value of the total number of banks registers enabled at the same time
(composed of three bits).
Table 103: EMI buffer register summary
Offset from
EMIBufferBaseAddress
EMIB_BANK0_TOP_ADDR External memory bank 0 address bits [27:22] 0x0000 R/W
EMIB_BANK5_TOP_ADDR “Virtual” memory bank 5 address bits [27:22] 0x0050 R/W
EMIB_BANK_EN Total number of enabled banks 0x0060 R/W

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32.2 EMI register descriptions
EMI_STA_CFG EMI status configuration
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved CFG_UPDATED
Address: EMIConfigBaseAddress + 0x0010

Type: Read
Reset: Undefined
Description: If bit n is set, then all configuration registers associated with bank n have been written to
at least once.
EMI_STA_LCK EMI status configuration lock
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved CFG_LCK

Type: Read
Reset: Undefined
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Description: If bit n is set, then all configuration registers associated with bank n are locked and
further write accesses are ignored.
EMI_LCK EMI lock
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved PROTECT

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: If bit n is set, then the registers EMI_BANKn.EMI_CFG_DATA[0:3] may only be read.
Subsequent writes to these registers are ignored.

EMI_GEN_CFG EMI general purpose
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
MW_RETIME
PCCB4_EN
PCCB3_EN
Reserved
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x00
Description: Used to propagate general purpose outputs.
[31:5] Reserved
[4] PCCB4_EN: Enable PC card bank 4
When set, during access to Bank4, some regular EMI signals
(NOTEMIOE, NOTEMILBA, NOTEMIBAA, NOTEMIBE[0]) are replaced by PC Card-specific signals
(PCMCIA_OE#, PCMCIA_WE#, PCMCIA_IORD#, PCMCIA_IOWR#)
[3] PCCB3_EN: Enable PC card bank 3
When set, during access to Bank3, some regular EMI signals (NOTEMIOE, NOTEMILBA,
NOTEMIBAA, NOTEMIBE[0]) are replaced by PC Card-specific signals (PCMCIA_OE#,
PCMCIA_WE#, PCMCIA_IORD#, PCMCIA_IOWR#)
[2] EWAIT_RETIME: Determine the number of retime stages for signal EMITREADYORWAIT
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0: 2
1: 1
The signal can be dynamically changed between a single retime input stage or a double retime input
stage. Both retime stages on the retimed input are synchronized to the current clock.
If EMITREADYORWAIT is set at the beginning of the access:
ACCESSTIMEREAD > LATCHPOINT + (2 + EWAIT_RETIME).
[1:0] Reserved
EMI_SDRAM_NOP_GEN EMI NOP generate
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved NOP_GEN

Type: WO
Reset: Undefined
Description: Reserved

EMI_FLASH_CLK_SEL EMI Flash burst clock select
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved FLASH_CLK_SEL

Type: WO
Reset: Undefined
Description:
[7:2] Reserved
[1:0] FLASH_CLK_SEL: Set clock ratio for burst Flash clock.
00: 1:1 Flash operates at EMICLK 01: 1:2 Flash operates at 1/2 of EMICLK
10: 1:3 Flash operates at 1/3 of EMICLK 11: Reserved
EMI_CLK_EN EMI clock enable
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved CLK_EN

Type: WO
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Reset: 0x00
Description: A write of 1 to this bit causes the Flash clocks to be updated.
This operation can only occur once, further writes to this register may lead to undefined
behavior.

32.2.1 Configuration register formats for peripherals

The following is a summary of the configuration register formats for peripherals.
EMI_CFG_DATA0 EMI configuration data 0
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
BUSRELEASETIME
WE_USE_OE_CFG
WAITPOLARITY
DEVICETYPE
OEACTIVE
CSACTIVE
PORTSIZE
BEACTIVE
Reserved LATCHPOINT DATADRIVEDELAY
Address: EMIBankBaseAddress + 0x00

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x00
Description:
[31:27] Reserved
[26] WE_USE_OE_CFG: This bit must be set to one in case the SFlash bank (such as STM58LW064A/B)
requires a configurable EMIRDNOTWR signal for async write operation.
When this bit is set to one the WE becomes low following the same timing defined for OEE1TIMEWRITE
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and OEE2TIMEWRITE
Otherwise (bit set to 0) the EMIRDNOTWR becomes low at the start of the access and is deactivated at
the end of the access
[25] WAITPOLARITY: Set the wait signal polarity:
0: Wait active high 1: Wait active low
[24:20] LATCHPOINT: Number of EMI subsystem clock cycles before end of access cycle.
0 0000: End of access cycle 0 0001: 1 cycle
0 0010: 2 cycles 0 0011: 3 cycles
0 0100: 4 cycles 0 0101: 5 cycles
0 0110: 6 cycles 0 0111: 7 cycles
0 1000: 8 cycles 0 1001: 9 cycles
0 1010: 10 cycles 0 1011: 11 cycles
0 1100: 12 cycles 0 1101: 13 cycles
0 1110: 14 cycles 0 1111: 15 cycles
1 0000: 16 cycles Other: Reserved
[19:15] DATADRIVEDELAY: 0 to 31 phases
[14:11] BUSRELEASETIME: 0 to15 cycles
[10:9] CSACTIVE: See Table 99 on page 251.
[8:7] OEACTIVE: See Table 99 on page 251.
[6:5] BEACTIVE: See Table 99 on page 251.
[4:3] PORTSIZE
10: 16-bit 11: 8-bit
[2:0] DEVICETYPE
001: Normal peripheral or 100: Burst Flash

31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
CYCLE
NOT ACCESSTIMEREAD CSE1TIMEREAD CSE2TIMEREAD
PHRD
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
OEE1TIMEREAD OEE2TIMEREAD BEE1TIMEREAD BEE2TIMEREAD

Type: RO
Reset: 0x00
Description:
[31] CYCLENOTPHRD: Change measure unit for e1/e2 time accesses from phases to cycles:
0: The e1(e2) write times for CS, BE and OE are expressed in system clock phases.
1: Write times are expressed in cycles.
[30:24] ACCESSTIMEREAD: 2 to 127 EMI subsystem clock cycles: value 0 and 1 are reserved.
[23:20] CSE1TIMEREAD: Falling edge of CS. 0 to 15 phases/cycles after start of access cycle.
[19:16] CSE2TIMEREAD: Rising edge of CS. 0 to 15 phases/cycles before end of access cycle.
[15:12] OEE1TIMEREAD: Falling edge of OE. 0 to 15 phases/cycles after start of access cycle.
[11:8] OEE2TIMEREAD: Rising edge of OE. 0 to 15 phases/cycles before end of access cycle.
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[7:4] BEE1TIMEREAD: Falling edge of BE. 0 to 15 phases/cycles after start of access cycle.
[3:0] BEE2TIMEREAD: Rising edge of BE. 0 to 15 phases/cycles before end of access cycle.

31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
CYCLE
_NOT_ ACCESS_TIME_WRITE CSE1_TIME_WRITE CSE2_TIME_WRITE
PHWR
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
OEE1_TIME_WRITE OEE2_TIME_WRITE BEE1_TIME_WRITE BEE2_TIME_WRITE

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x00
Description:
[31] CYCLE_NOT_PHWR: Change measure unit for e1/e2 time accesses from phases to cycles:
0: The e1(e2) write times for CS, BE, OE are expressed in system clock phases.
1: Write times are expressed in cycles.
[30:24] ACCESS_TIME_WRITE: 2 to 127 cycles: value 0 and 1 are reserved
[23:20] CSE1_TIME_WRITE: Falling edge of CS. 0 to 15 phases/cycles after start of access cycle
[19:16] CSE2_TIME_WRITE: Rising edge of CS. 0 to 15 phases/cycles before end of access cycle
[15:12] OEE1_TIME_WRITE (WEE1TIMEWRITE): Falling edge of OE. 0 to 15 phases/cycles after start of
access cycle. Also used for falling edge of WE if bit WE_USE_OE_CFG (reg0, bit 26) is set to one.
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[11:8] OEE2_TIME_WRITE (WEE2TIMEWRITE): Rising edge of OE. 0 to 15 phases/cycles before end of

access cycle. Also used for rising edge of WE if bit WE_USE_OE_CFG (reg0, bit 26) is set to 1.
[7:4] BEE1_TIME_WRITE: Rising edge of BE. 0 to 15 phases/cycles after start of access cycle
[3:0] BEE2_TIME_WRITE: Falling edge of BE. 0 to 15 phases/cycles before end of access cycle

31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
STROBEONFALLING
DATAHOLDDELAY
BURSTMODE
BURST_SIZE
Reserved Reserved DATALATENCY

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x00
Description: Configuration of EMI_CFG_DATA0, EMI_CFG_DATA1, EMI_CFG_DATA2 relates only
to the asynchronous behavior (normal peripheral and normal asynchronous behavior of
Flash). These registers must be programmed in terms of EMICLK clock cycle.
EMI_CFG_DATA3 must be configured only if there is burst Flash and refers to the
synchronous behavior of Flash. It does not need to be configured for a normal
asynchronous peripheral. The parameters in this register must be programmed in terms
of Flash clock cycles.
[31:27] Reserved: must be set to 0.
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[26] STROBEONFALLING: Flash clock edge for burst strobe generation.

0: rising edge 1: falling edge
The strobe on falling feature of EMI means only that strobes, data and address are generated on the
falling edge of the SFlash clock. This does not imply that the same signals are sampled on the falling
edge by the memories. The EMI assumes memory always samples on the rising edge. The strobes on
falling feature has been implemented only to extend the hold time of half a cycle to help padlogic
implementation.
[25:10] Reserved: must be set to 0.
[9:7] BURST_SIZE: The number of bytes which map onto the device’s burst mode (only valid in burst mode).
000: 2 001: 4
010: 8 011: 16
100: 32 101: 64
110: 128 111: Reserved
The 64/128 byte burst mode is due to the possible usage of the AMD device that has a fixed 32-word
burst length. STBus interface max transfer is 32 bytes on EMI, so in these cases the burst on Flash is
always interrupted.
[6:2] DATALATENCY: The number of SFlash clock cycles between the address valid and the first data valid.
00010: 2 cycles 00011: 3 cycles
00100: 4 cycles ...
01001: 17 cycles Others: Reserved
[1] DATAHOLDDELAY: Extra delay when accessing same bank consecutively when in cycles between
words in burst mode.
0: one Flash clock cycle 1: two Flash clock cycles
[0] BURSTMODE: Select synchronous Flash burst mode. If this bit is set, only ACCESSTIMEREAD and
DATAHOLDDELAY are relevant for strobe generation timing during read operations

32.3 EMI buffer register descriptions

All the registers described in this section are nonvolatile
EMIB_BANK0_TOP_ADDR External memory bank 0 base address
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved BANK0_TOP_ADD
Address: EMIBufferBaseAddress + 0x000

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x3F
Description: Contains bits [29:22] of the top address of external memory bank x (the complete 32 bit
top address being obtained by setting LSBs to 1 and MSBs to 0). The BASE address of
memory bank x is the location that follows the top address of bank x-1, which means
banks are all contiguous (for Bank 0 the base address is always 0x4000 0000).
EMIB_BANK1_TOP_ADDR External memory bank 1 top address
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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Type: R/W
Reset: 0x7F
Description: Contains the top address bits [27:22] of external memory bank 1. Accesses to this
address space cause transfer on EMI bank 1.
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Type: R/W
Reset: 0xBF
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Type: R/W
Reset: 0xFB

31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Type: R/W
Reset: 0xFD
EMIB_BANK5_TOP_ADDR Virtual memory bank 5 top address
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Type: R/W
Reset: 0xFF
Description: This is a “virtual bank”; its associated ChipSelect signal is not brought out of the chip so
cannot be used. Be aware of this when programming register EMIB_BANK_EN.
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EMIB_BANK_EN Enabled bank registers
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved BANKS_EN

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x110
Description: Contains the total number of bank registers enabled. When the number of banks is
reduced by register EMIB_BANK_EN, the last bank (that is, the top bank) takes its own
area plus the remaining area of the banks disabled. For example, if only five banks are
enabled, BANK5 is disabled, then BANK4 region contains its own area plus the BANK5
area. At reset all the banks are enabled.
[31:8] Reserved
[7:0] BANKS_EN: Banks enabled
001: Bank 0 only enabled 010: Banks 0 to 1 enabled
011: Banks 0 to 2 enabled 100: Banks 0 to 3 enabled
101: All banks with associated ChipSelect enabled (0 to 4)
110: All banks enabled - including “shadow” bank 5 which has no associated ChipSelect.

STx7100 33 DMA network
33 DMA network
33.1 DMA requests and channels

The STx7100 integrates a multiple channel general purpose (flexible) DMA engine. Its purpose is
to move data efficiently from memory-to-memory, memory-to-peripheral and peripheral-to-
peripheral.
The FDMA includes stream parsing functionality which facilitates video PES header and video
start-code detection (PES/SCD) for MPEG2 and H.264.
The FDMA supports up to 16 active DMA channels, accepts up to 30 DMA requests or “events”
and supports real-time traffic between main memory and internal real-time sources/targets
(audio peripherals, SWTS, Comms) and external real-time sources/targets.
Requests 0 and 31 are reserved for the counter request. They are internally connected to the
FDMA counter to provide timed DMA channels. Request 0 has lowest priority and request 31 has
highest priority
This chapter describes how the FDMA is integrated with the rest of the STx7100. For detailed
information on the FDMA itself, see next Chapter 34: Flexible DMA (FDMA).
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33 DMA network STx7100
Table 104: FDMA request summary
Channel Request
Request source Request signal Description
ID rate
0 FDMA counter O_COUNTER_REQ - FDMA free-running

internal counter output,
used for timed DMA-
channel - memory-
memory transfers.
1-2 Reserved GND - -
3 Video - HDMI HDMI_AVI_BUFF_EMPTY - HDMI request
4 Comms/DiSEqC DISECQ_TX_HALF_EMPTY - DiSEqC requests
5 DISECQ_RX_HALF_FULL -
6 ST40/SCIF SCIF_RXBUF_READY - ST40 SCIF
7 SCIF_TXBUF_READY -
8 - 10 Comms/SSCs (x3) SSCn_RXBUF_FULL - SSCs requests

(n = 0, 1, 2)
11 - 13 SSCn_TXBUF_EMPTY -
14 - 17 Comms/UARTs (x4) UARTn_RX_BUF_HALF_FULL - SSCs requests

(n = 0, 1, 2, 3)
18 - 21 UARTn_TX_BUF_HALF_EMPTY -
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22 External DMA 0 DREQ0 (PIO2 bit 5) - External FDMA requests

through PIOs alternate
23 External DMA 1 DREQ1 (PIO2 bit 6) - function.
24 CSS/CPxM decryption CPXMOUT_FDMA_REQ - CPxM decrypted data

request
25 CPXMIN_FDMA_REQ - CPxM encrypted data

request
26 Audio PCM player 0 PCMPLYR0_FDMA_REQ 48 kHz Mixed PCM player request

(2 x 32 bits)
27 Audio PCM player 1 PCMPLYR1_FDMA_REQ 48 kHz Unmixed PCM player

(2 x 32bits) request
28 Audio PCM reader PCMRDR_FDMA_REQ 48 kHz PCM reader request

(2 x 32bits)
29 Audio SPDIF player SPDIFPLYR_FDMA_REQ 48 kHz SPDIF player request

(2 x 32bits)
30 TS merger SWTS_REQ - Software transport stream

play through PTI
31 FDMA counter O_COUNTER_REQ - FDMA internal counter

output, used for timed
DMA-channel (PES mode)

STx7100 34 Flexible DMA (FDMA)
34 Flexible DMA (FDMA)
The flexible DMA (FDMA) is a general-purpose direct memory access controller capable of
supporting 16 independent DMA channels. It is used to perform block moves thus reducing the
load on the CPU. Moves may be from memory-to-memory or between memory and paced
latency-critical real-time targets.
This chapter describes how the FDMA works, and how to program it. Chapter 33: DMA network
on page 271 explains how the FDMA is integrated within the STx7100.
The FDMA supports the following features:
● 16 independent DMA channels,
● transfer of information to or from aligned or unaligned data structures of up to 4 Gbytes in

the following organizations:
• single location (0D),
• incrementing linear arrays (1D),
• incrementing rectangular arrays (2D),
● transfer units of 1 to 32 bytes,
● programmable opcodes for paced transfer,
● paced or free running timing models,
● support for up to 30 request generating peripherals,

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● a single interrupt which signals completion of:
• a list of transfers,
• each transfer of a node in a list,
● little endian data organization,
● linked list control which allows,
• a set of DMA transfers to be sequenced,

• complex operations such as scatter-gather without CPU intervention,
● special channel configurations for:
• PES parsing/SCD
- H.264 and MPEG2 start code detect
- Dual stream on a single FDMA channel supported
• Memory-to-memory moves or free running transfers,
• Paced1 transfers,
• S/PDIF output.
1. A channel is paced if an external request causes a single data unit to be transferred per request.
The FDMA may require multiple requests to complete the operation.

34 Flexible DMA (FDMA) STx7100
34.1 Channel structures

The STx7100 FDMA has three types of channels:
● standard 0D, 1D, 2D and paced memory channels,
● an SCD/PES parsing channel,
● an S/PDIF channel.
All channels use linked lists of FDMA operations stored in memory. SCD/PES parsing channels
require additional control data which is written to FDMA data memory before the channel is
started.
Each linked list is composed of a series of nodes in main memory. Each node is a data structure
containing parameters that describe an FDMA transfer.
Typically a linked list of nodes is set up in main memory, the pointer to the first node is written to
the FDMA and the channel is started. This bootstraps the list, loading the first entry node and
continuing until completion of all the DMAs in the list.
On completion of a node the channel may generate an interrupt indicating completion and/or
trigger a channel update.
A channel update causes the next node in the list to be loaded from memory. The location of the
node structure in memory is given by a pointer.
This may be used to extend the channel’s operation to support features such as scatter gather
sequences, or building DMA sequences with only the final completion requiring CPU intervention
via an interrupt.
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Note: To emulate a ping-pong buffer using a two-node (looped) linked list it is possible to generate an
interrupt on completion of one node while moving directly to the next (interrupt but no pause). In
other words, the interrupt does not stall the channel.
34.1.1 DMA transfer units

The FDMA uses the most efficient opcode for the requested transaction. The supported unit size
for the paced transfer is programmable at 1 x 4, 2 x 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 bytes. Byte enables are
used for non–word-aligned cases.
Paced transfers must be aligned to their opcode size.
34.1.2 Alignment
The node structures must be aligned to a 32 byte boundary.
The most efficient data transfers are aligned to a 128 byte boundary and the number of bytes
transferred should be a multiple of 32.
For paced channels, the paced-side data must be aligned to the paced opcode (OP32 must be
32-byte aligned, OP16 must be 16-byte aligned and so on). The memory side of a paced transfer
must be 32-byte aligned. There are no alignment restrictions for the memory side of S/PDIF
transfers.
For SCD/PES parsing, the PES buffer is treated as linear. A circular PES buffer can be described
using two linked nodes. The PES buffer is 128-byte aligned. The ES buffer and start codes list
buffers are 32-byte aligned.

34.2 FDMA timing model
34.2.1 Free-running
The FDMA is free-running. Once a channel is started, operations occur without requiring a
request to begin or control the timing of the transfer. It continues to operate without further
intervention until disabled, or the transfer is complete.
This is the model generally used for memory-to-memory moves.
A sleep mechanism can be used to slow down these accesses.
34.2.2 Paced
A channel is paced if a single data unit is transferred to or from a peripheral upon request. The
request may be associated with either the source or destination memory location.
The FDMA supports up to 30 physical request signals.
Only the DREQ request protocol is supported. The peripheral uses the STBus request to the
data FIFO to determine that a requested transfer has been acknowledged by the FDMA and it
clears the DREQ signal (when applicable).
The FDMA implements a hold off mechanism to ensure that it ignores the DREQ for a certain
period of time after having serviced a data request.
Figure 69: FDMA request routing

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STx7100
PTI FMI
External peripheral
for example ethernet
Padlogic
DREQ[2] Buffer
DREQ[2]
Padlogic
FDMA
DREQn
Comms
and
peripherals

Table 105: FDMA pacing inputs
FDMA
Block Block port/signal name Description
requests
Reserved 0-2
Video_ HDMI HDMI_AVIBUFF_EMPTY 3
COMMS/DiSEqC DISEQC_RX_HALF_FULL 4
DISEQC_RX_HALF_EMPTY 5
ST40/SCIF SCIF_RXBUF_READY 6
SCIF_TXBUF_READY 7
Comms/SSC (x3) SSCn_RXBUFF_FULL 8 - 10
SSCn_TXBUFF_EMPTY 11 - 13
Comms/UART (x4) UARTn_RX_HALF_FULL 14 - 17
UARTn_TX_HALF_EMPTY 18 - 21
External DMAREQ[0:1] 22, 23
Audio AUD_PCM0 26 Mixed PCM player request
AUD_PCM1 27 Unmixed PCM player request
AUD_PCM_READER 28 PCM player reader
AUD_SPDIF 29 S/PDIF player
TSMerger SWTS SWTS_REQ 30 TS merger
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Reserved 31
34.2.3 SCD/PES parsing channel

An SCD/PES parsing channel runs until the list is complete or a pause at the end of a node is
encountered.
34.2.4 S/PDIF channel

The S/PDIF channel is treated as a standard paced channel.
34.3 Operating the FDMA

Before operation, the FDMA is loaded with low-level binary firmware supplied with the STx7100.
Communication between the CPU and the FDMA is achieved through two 32-bit mailbox
registers, plus one command and status register (FDMA_CMD_STA) per channel.
● The command mailbox register sends commands from the CPU to the FDMA.
● The interrupt mailbox sends interrupts from the FDMA to the CPU.
Two bits of each mailbox register are associated with each channel.
● The CPU sets bits in the command mailbox and clears bits in the interrupt mailbox.
● The FDMA clears bits in the command mailbox and sets bits in the interrupt mailbox.
Interrupts and flags are generated for each channel by setting mask bits in the mailbox register.
Any masked nonzero bits in the mailbox either raise an interrupt (interrupt mailbox) or generate a
flag in the FDMA (command mailbox).
There are three commands for each channel, set in the command mailbox:
● START: start and initialize channel n (no initialize if the channel is restarting after a PAUSE),
● PAUSE: pause channel n,
● FLUSH: flush and pause channel n.

34.3.1 Channel arbitration

Types of transfer are not associated with channel numbers, but are specified in the node’s control
word (see field REQ_MAP). Each of the 16 independent channels competes for the service of
the FDMA.
● The paced channels have the highest priority.
● SCD/PES parsing have medium priority.
● Memory-to-memory moves use the remaining bandwidth and are arbitrated using a round-
robin scheme.
When more than one paced channel requests servicing, the channel with the highest external
request line has the highest priority.
34.3.2 Starting a channel

In idle mode, the FDMA waits for any of the channels to be started. All channels require at least
one node in main memory which contain all or part of the necessary information required to
execute a DMA transfer. For SCD/PES parsing, additional information is required and should be
written to the appropriate registers in the FDMA data memory before the channel is started. See
Section 34.4.3: SCD/PES parsing on page 282.
The channel initialization procedure is:
1. Create a linked list of nodes describing the transfer in main memory.
2. For SCD/PES parsing write the additional parameters:
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2.1 initial write pointer: SC_WRITE,

2.2 size of the start code list: SC_SIZE,
2.3 elementary stream buffer parameters: ESBUF_TOP, ESBUF_READ, ESBUF_WRITE,
ESBUF_BOT).
3. Write the pointer to the first node and command data in the FDMA_CMD_STA register for
the channel.
4. Write the start command to the command mailbox.
When a command is flagged in the command mailbox, the FDMA processes the command on
the appropriate channel and then clears the bits in the command mailbox. Register
FDMA_CMD_STA provides the current status of the channel and a pointer to the current node in
the linked list.
Note: The FDMA_CMD_STA register must only be written to if the channel is idle or paused.
Before the start command is issued, the channel status and the address of the last node to have
been loaded is provided from the FDMA_CMD_STA register for the channel.
A channel can be restarted (no channel initialization) if it was previously paused. When a
channel is restarted, a pointer to a node in memory should not be written to FDMA_CMD_STA.
Note: Only one command for a channel can be sent in each direction until it is acknowledged. This
means the CPU or FDMA must check the mailbox before writing a new command. Only if the bits
corresponding to the channel are 0 (the previous message was acknowledged) is it safe to send
another message.

34.3.3 Pausing a transfer

A transfer may be paused either by specifying this in the node structure or by sending a pause
command to the FDMA. A pause is interpreted as a requirement to pause the channel at the
earliest possible safe moment. The FDMA stops sending new requests over the STBus but
continues to process outstanding return data (data is processed and placed into the FDMA’s
internal buffers but not sent to destination). A paced channel’s DREQ is not processed once the
pause command has been received.
The FDMA signals when the channel is paused by writing the status in the channels
FDMA_CMD_STA register and setting the channel’s bit in the interrupt mailbox (only if the pause
command is issued by the host). The number of bytes remaining to be transferred for the current
node and the pointer to the current node are available from the channel’s FDMA_CNT and
FDMA_CMD_STA registers respectively.
34.3.4 Flushing a channel

When a pause command is issued, the FDMA may still contain valid data inside its internal
buffers. If this data is required, a flush command is issued instead of pause. When the flush
command is received, the FDMA pauses the channel but also flushes any data it may have in the
internal buffers. Once the internal buffers have been flushed, the channel is returned to the idle
state and the host is interrupted. Flush only applies to paced channels where the source of data
is paced.
Note: It is possible to flush a channel even if it is in the paused state.
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34.3.5 Restarting a paused transfer

Once a channel has been paused, the host may restart the channel by issuing the start
command. The FDMA continues processing the node from where it was paused.
Note: When a channel is restarted a pointer to a node does not need to be written to
FDMA_CMD_STA.
34.3.6 Abort
Once a channel is paused, the host can start a new transfer simply by starting the channel with
a new linked list of nodes. This effectively aborts the previous transfer.
34.3.7 Error handling

Errors are signalled by the FDMA setting the channel’s error bit in the interrupt mailbox register.
This generates an interrupt request if the mailbox error bit is masked. The interrupt mailbox
shows which channel is signalling the error.
The type of error is specified in the FDMA_CMD_STA register for the channel (bits 2, 3 and 4).
The error bits in the FDMA_CMD_STA register are only valid if the error bit in the interrupt
mailbox is set, otherwise they should be ignored.
If the FDMA cannot continue processing, it pauses after signalling the error. The status is read
from FDMA_CMD_STA to determine whether the channel was paused or whether it is still
running.
The interrupt is acknowledged by clearing both the error bit and the interrupt bit in the interrupt
mailbox.

34.4 Setting up FDMA transfers

An FDMA channel transfers units of data from a source data structure to a destination data
structure using the de-coupling internal DRAM.
After channel initialization, the FDMA acknowledges the start command by clearing the
channel’s command mailbox register bits and begins the transfer by loading nodes one at a time
from main memory. The transfer specified by each node is executed before the next node is
loaded. The transfer continues until:
● the transfer is complete, or
● the FDMA is required to pause at the end of a node, or
● there is an error condition and it is not possible to continue.
A node is complete when all NBYTES of the node have been transferred. At the end of each
node (specified in the FDMA_*NODE_NBYTES register) the FDMA may do one of the following:
● continue on to the next node without interrupting the host, or
● interrupt the host and continue on to the next node, or
● interrupt the host and pause the channel until the host tells the FDMA to continue, or
● interrupt the host and return the channel to the idle state if there are no more nodes to
process
Note: It is mandatory for the FDMA to interrupt the host on completion of the last node.
34.4.1 Memory-to-memory moves and free running transfers

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This channel type is described entirely by the generic node structure. Data is organized in a
number of different ways, including:
● single location (0D),
● incrementing linear arrays (1D),
● incrementing rectangular arrays (2D).
All possible combinations of source and destination data organization is possible for a transfer.
For example from 0D source to 2D destination or 1D source to 2D destination.
All data structures are specified with respect to an origin or initial byte address and the address
of subsequent transfers is calculated from the origin using information provided in the node.
Single location (0D)

If the data structure is fixed or single location, the same address is used throughout the transfer
and no further information is needed. This is set in each node by
FDMA_NODE_CTRL.SRC_INC = constant source for an 0D source, or
NODE.CONTROL.DST_INC = constant source for an 0D destination.
Incrementing (1D)
A structure is 1D if NODE_NBYTES = NODE_LEN or if NODE_SSTRIDE = NODE_LEN.
For any 1D transfer the address is incremented by one byte until *NODE_NBYTES bytes are
transferred.
In the case of a incrementing transfer from address NODE_SADDR of NODE_NBYTES bytes,
the following bytes at the following addresses are transferred:
NODE_SADDR to NODE_SADDR + (NODE_NBYTES - 1)

Rectangular array (2D)

If NODE_NBYTES ≠ NODE_LEN and abs(NODE_[S|D]STRIDE) ≠ NODE_LEN then the transfer
is 2D
Figure 70: 2D transfers
SSTRIDE
0x0 0x1FF
0x200 Source window area
LENGTH The source window area is specified by
0x... NODE_SSTRIDE. If positive
the address increments every line.
SADDR
A D If negative the address decrements
Positive SSTRIDE every line.
B C
C B The source data block is specified by
SADDR NODE_[LENGTH,NBYTES,SADDR]
D A Number of lines = NBYTES / LENGTH
Negative SSTRIDE
DSTRIDE
0x0 0xFE
0xFF Destination window area LENGTH The destination window area is specified by
0x... NODE_DSTRIDE. If positive
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DADDR
the address increments every line.
A D If negative the address decrements
Positive DSTRIDE every line.
B C
C B The source data block is specified by
DADDR NODE_[LENGTH,NBYTES,DADDR]
D A
Negative DSTRIDE Number of lines = NBYTES / LENGTH
The bytes transferred during a 2D transfer are specified by:

for (y=0;y<(NODE.NBYTES / NODE_LEN);y++)
for (x=0;x<NODE_LEN;x++)
*(char*)(NODE.DADDR+x+NODE.DSTRIDE*y) = *(char*)(NODE_SADDR+x+NODE.SSTRIDE*y)
Note: To do a 1D to 2D (or 2D to 1D) transfer, the source or destination stride must be specified
(depending on whether the source or destination should be 1D) to be the same as the length.
Table 106: Summary of node parameter settings for different combinations of data organization
Source Destination buffer

buffer 0D 1D 2D
0D L = source location size L = source location size L = source location size
SS = 0 SS = 0 SS = 0
DS = 0 DS = L DS = destination stride
1D L = source location size L = NBytes L = destination line length
SS = L SS = 0 SS = L
DS = 0 DS = 0 DS = destination stride
2D L = source location size L = source line length L = destination line length
SS = source stride SS = source stride SS = source stride
DS = 0 DS = L DS = destination stride

Table 107: Definitions
Acronym Description Variable name

L Length Length
SS Source stride SourceStride
DS Destination stride DestinationStride
NBytes Number of bytes to transfer NumberBytes
34.4.2 Paced transfers

The FDMA transfers data to or from paced peripherals, using the data memory as a temporary
store. Paced channels are triggered by a DREQ signal from a peripheral device. The memory
side of the transfer is described by the generic node structure see (Section 34.1: Channel
structures on page 274). The paced side is described by the FDMA_REQ_CTRLn parameters.
The node’s control word (NODE_CTRL) specifies a REQ_MAP number describing which DREQ
line and FDMA_REQ_CTRL word to use for the transfer.
Once the channel is started, the FDMA writes and reads data from the paced channel when the
DREQ for the channel is asserted. A holdoff mechanism ensures that a DREQ is not sampled
immediately after it has been serviced (the holdoff period is specified in the FDMA_REQ_CTRL
registers). Latency in the interconnect may cause the DREQ to remain high for some time after it
has been serviced. The channel’s circular FIFO in FDMA data memory is filled or emptied of data
depending on whether the level of data is below or above the threshold (typically half the FIFO
size).
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Data is stored temporarily in a circular buffer in data memory before being transferred to the
destination.
Supported paced peripherals and corresponding channel IDs are shown in Table 104: FDMA
request summary on page 272.
Paced peripheral is data source

When the paced peripheral is the data source, data is fetched from the peripheral when its
DREQ is asserted. When the read request is sent to the peripheral, the DREQ is masked using
the holdoff mechanism (the holdoff period is specified in the FDMA_REQ_CTRL word). This
prevents the DREQ from being sampled high again immediately after it has been serviced. The
data is then stored in the channel’s circular buffer. If the buffer level exceeds the threshold, data
is read from the buffer and sent to the destination.
Paced peripheral is destination

Data is read from the source and placed into the circular buffer in data memory when the buffer
level falls below the threshold. When the DREQ for a paced peripheral is asserted, data is
fetched from the circular buffer and sent to the peripheral. The holdoff mechanism is used to
mask the DREQ to prevent it being sampled high again immediately after it has been serviced
(see FDMA timing model, Section 34.2.2: Paced on page 275).

34.4.3 SCD/PES parsing

Introduction
A single FDMA channel can be used to perform PES parsing and start code detect (SCD) on an
incoming stream of data. The intended use is as part of the video decode flow. Data is fetched
from a source buffer. The source data may be either PES data or ES data. If the source data is
PES, FDMA can parse the PES stream, extracting the PTS (program transport stream) from the
PES header and the ES data from the PES payload. During the transfer of the ES data, SCD can
be performed on the ES data. A list of PTS and start codes is sent to a start codes list buffer. A
PES parsing and SCD channel is described by a linked list of nodes and an entry in the
additional data regions, as shown in Figure 71.
Each node in the list describes a transfer from the source buffer. The source buffer can contain
either PES (PES parsing enabled) or ES (PES parsing disabled). The node also specifies which
additional data region is associated with it. The additional data region contains the output ES
buffer descriptors, the start codes list descriptors and the PES and ES start code ranges and
mode selection flags.
Figure 71: PES parsing/start code detect data structures
FDMA data memory Main memory PES buffer

PES header
SCD/PES NODE
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NEXT
Start code
NBYTES
NEXT
PES BUFFER start code
SC_WRITE start code

SC_SIZE
ES buffer Start code list

PES header
ESBUF_TOP
ESBUF_READ
Start code
ESBUF_WRITE Start code
ESBUF_BOT Start code
Start code

Figure 72: Single and dual stream PES parsing/start code detect
Single stream PES/SCD
Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 4 Node 5
Additional
data 1
Dual stream PES/SCD
Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 4 Node 5

Stream 1 Stream 2 Stream 1 Stream 2 Stream 1
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Additional Additional
data 1 data 2
Stream 1 Stream 2
Single stream PES parsing/start code detect (SCD) is characterized by a linked list of nodes and
one additional data region. For dual stream PES/SCD, two additional data regions are used, one
for each stream, but a single FDMA channel is used. The transfers should be multiplexed on this
single channel (alternating nodes in the linked list). This is shown in Figure 72.
FDMA is able to support PES/SCD in two modes - MPEG2 and H.264.
PES Parsing
A channel configured as a PES Parsing/SCD channel fetches data from a 128 byte aligned
linear buffer in main memory (a circular buffer should be handled with a pair of nodes). If PES
parsing is enabled, the ES payload is extracted from the stream and dumped to the ES Buffer.
The PES startcode range is specified in the PES Control word in the additional data region. It is
also possible to enable PTS detection and extraction whereby the presence of a PTS in the PES
header is detected and the PTS is dumped to the start codes list. Transfers from the source
buffer must be 128 byte aligned and multiples of 128 bytes. If PES parsing is disabled, the
incoming stream is treated as ES and simply copied to the ES buffer.
Start code detect

During the transfer of the ES data to the ES Buffer, start code detection can be performed on the
data. FDMA supports both MPEG2 mode and H.264 mode start code detect. The SCD mode is
specified in the SC1_CTRL word in the additional data region.

MPEG2 mode start code detect

When MPEG2 mode SCD is enabled, the FDMA detects any start codes falling inside two
ranges specified in the additional data region. For each of the two start code ranges, normal
detection and one-shot detection can be selected independently. Normal detection for a range
causes all start codes falling within the range to be output to the start codes list. If one-shot
detection is enabled for a range, the first start code detected in the range is output to the start
codes list. Detection in the range is subsequently be disabled until a start code in the other range
is detected, detection in the range is then enabled again.
H.264 mode start code detect

Only one start code range can be specified when H.264 SCD is enabled. When a start code
within the range is found, the FDMA decodes the SC_VAL.NAL_UNIT_TYPE and perform
different operations depending on its value:
Table 108: NAL_UNIT_TYPE actions

NAL_UNIT_TYPE Action performed
1, 5 Exp golomb decode first_mb_in_slice field
if(egd(first_mb_in_slice) < egd(previous
first_mb_in_slice)) {
// start of picture
output start code entry with slice count
set slice counter to 1
}else{
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// not start of picture

increment slice counter
}
6, 9, 10, 11 Output start code entry with slice count
set slice counter to 1
7, 8 Output start code entry without slice count
Others Do nothing
Specifying start code ranges

When specifying the start code ranges the host must ensure that
RANGE_END >= RANGE_START
(see FDMA_PES_CTRLn and FDMA_PES_CTRLn). In order to respect this rule when the range
wraps, a start code range [Start, End] must be transformed into a nonwrapping range using the
following procedure:
if(Start <= End)
{
IN_not_OUT = 1
RANGE_START = Start
RANGE_END = End
}
else
{
IN_not_OUT = 0
RANGE_START = End + 1
RANGE_END = Start -1
}

Figure 73: Start code range setup
Normal case (Start =< End) Detect start codes inside this range
IN_NOT_OUT = 0x1
0x0 Start End 0xFF
Special case / range wraps (Start > End)

Detect start codes inside these ranges
0x0 End Start 0xFF
Start’ = End + 1
End’ = Start - 1
IN_NOT_OUT = 0x0
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Detect start codes outside this range

IN_NOT_OUT = 0x0
0x0 Start’ End’ 0xFF
Overflow handling
There may be occasions when either the start codes list or the ES buffer overflows.
When the start codes list overflows the FDMA sets bit 0 in the SC_WRITE register for the
channel and continues parsing the PES data and outputting data to the ES buffer. However, no
start code is added to the list. If the incoming data is ES, it is simply copied to the ES buffer.
When the ES buffer overflows, the FDMA signals this by setting bit 0 in the ESBUF_WRITE
register for the channel. The FDMA ignores the overflow condition and continues processing
data thereby overwriting data already in the ES buffer.
Start codes list

The start codes list is output as a linear array of data structures. Each structure is four words in
size (16 bytes) and may contain either start code data or PTS data. A label specifies whether the
structure contains a start code or PTS. To know how many entries have been placed in the start
codes list, the driver must read SC_WRITE and compare it with the value it had written at the
start of the transfer. The difference, divided by 4 gives the number of entries in the start codes
list.

34.4.4 Audio data output through S/PDIF player

The S/PDIF channel is a paced channel in which the FDMA formats data before outputting the
data to the S/PDIF player. S/PDIF output involves the PTI, ST40, FDMA and S/PDIF player. The
ST40 parses the PES stream coming from PTI and sets up a transfer on the S/PDIF channel.
Each node in the linked list contains the data to enable the FDMA to fetch data from a buffer,
format it and output it when the S/PDIF player raises a DREQ. The node’s source address points
to the start of the audio frame. The node also contains the information required by the FDMA to
format the incoming data. The formatted data is output to the S/PDIF player when it raises the
DREQ. In order to correctly describe the data transfers for a single burst, it may be necessary to
use a linked list of two or more nodes. The BURST_END bit indicates to the FDMA when the last
set of data for the burst is being transferred. This allows the FDMA to automatically generate the
correct stuffing to complete a burst. The node following a node in which BURST_END = 1 is
considered the first node of the next burst.
Valid nodes
The S/PDIF channel nodes’ control word contains a node valid bit. This bit indicates whether the
node is valid. If a node is loaded by FDMA and the valid bit is not set, the FDMA completes the
current burst by sending stuffing data and then return the channel to idle. The CPU is interrupted.
This mechanism only works correctly if the words are read in order (from lowest address to
highest) when fetching the node from LMI. This is because the audio driver is expected to fill the
node structure and validate it once the node structure has been completed.
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End of burst
The BURST_END bit, part of the S/PDIF node’s CONTROL parameter is used to indicate that
the node describes the last node of an S/PDIF burst. The FDMA uses this to know when it should
start to output stuffing. The node following a node with BURST_END = 0x1 is considered the
start of a burst.
Output of stuffing
The FDMA needs to output stuffing to the S/PDIF player when the data for a burst is finished but
the end of the burst has not been reached. The FDMA keeps a count of the outstanding frames
to output for a burst. When an end of burst node is received and all the data associated with that
node is transferred or when an invalid node is received, the FDMA outputs stuffing until the
outstanding frames counter goes to zero.

STx7100 35 Flexible DMA (FDMA) registers
35 Flexible DMA (FDMA) registers
Register addresses are provided as FDMABaseAddress + offset or MemoryOffset + offset.

The FDMABaseAddress is:
0x1922 0000.
All node registers are nonvolatile. Other registers are volatile.
SCD and PES parsing channels require additional data. These transfer types are described by
nodes which include an additional data region number. Each additional data region is composed
of 16 words and the format is transfer-type dependent.
Table 109: FDMA register summary (FDMABaseAddress)

FDMA interface
FDMA_ID Hardware ID 0x0000 R/Wa
FDMA_VER Version number 0x0004 R/Wa
FDMA_EN Enable controller 0x0008 R/Wa
Channel interface
FDMA_REV_ID Revision number 0x8000 R/Wa
Confidential
FDMA_CH_CMD_STAn Command and status for channel n 0x8040 + n x 4 Special

FDMA_PTRn Pointer to next node for channel n 0x9180 + n x 64 RO
FDMA_CNTn Byte count 0x9188 + n x 64 RO
FDMA_SADDRn Source address for channel n node 0x918C + n x 64 RO
FDMA_DADDRn Destination address for channel n node 0x9190 + n x 64 RO
FDMA_REQ_CTRLn Request control 0x9780 + n x 4 WO
Command mailbox
FDMA_CMD_STA Command status 0xBFC0 RO
FDMA_CMD_SET Set command 0xBFC4 WO
FDMA_CMD_CLR Clear command 0xBFC8 WOa
FDMA_CMD_MASK Mask command 0xBFCC WO
Interrupt mailbox
FDMA_INT_STA Interrupt status 0xBFD0 RO
FDMA_INT_SET Set interrupt 0xBFD4 WOa
FDMA_INT_CLR Clear interrupt 0xBFD8 WO
FDMA_INT_MASK Interrupt mask 0xBFDC WO
a. Writable only during initialization

35 Flexible DMA (FDMA) registers STx7100
Table 110: FDMA register summary (MemoryOffset)

Memory-to-memory moves and paced transfer
FDMA_NODE_NEXT Next register set pointer 0x0000 R/W
FDMA_NODE_CTRL Channel control 0x0004 R/W
FDMA_NODE_NBYTES Transfer count 0x0008 R/W
FDMA_NODE_SADDR Channel source address 0x000C R/W
FDMA_NODE_DADDR Channel destination address 0x0010 R/W
FDMA_NODE_LEN 2D line length 0x0014 R/W
FDMA_NODE_SSTRIDE 2D source stride 0x0018 R/W
FDMA_NODE_DSTRIDE 2D destination stride 0x001C R/W
S/PDIF
FDMA_SPD_NODE_NEXT Next node pointer 0x0000 R/W
FDMA_SPD_NODE_CTRL S/PDIF node control 0x0004 R/W
FDMA_SPD_NODE_NBYTES Number of bytes to read 0x0008 R/W
FDMA_SPD_NODE_SADDR Source address 0x000C R/W
FDMA_SPD_NODE_DADDR Destination address 0x0010 R/W
FDMA_SPD_NODE_PA_PB PA and PB preamble words 0x0014 R/W
FDMA_SPD_NODE_PC_PD PC and PD preamble words 0x0018 R/W
Confidential
FDMA_SPD_NODE_BST_PER Burst period 0x001C R/W

FDMA_SPD_NODE_CHn_STA_LO Channel status LSB 0x0020, 0x0028 R/W
FDMA_SPD_NODE_CHn_STA_HI Channel status MSB 0x0024, 0x002C R/W
SCD/PES parsing
FDMA_PES_NODE_NEXT Next node pointer 0x0000 R/W
FDMA_PES_CDP_NODE_CTRL Node control 0x0004 R/W
FDMA_PES_NODE_NBYTES Number of bytes to be read from PES buffer 0x0008 R/W
FDMA_PES_BUFF Read pointer to PES buffer 0x000C R/W
Additional data regions
FDMA_SC_WRITEn MPEG2/H.264 start code list write pointer 0x9580, 0x9600, R/W
(region n) 0x9680, 0x9700
FDMA_SC_SIZEn MPEG2/H.264 start code list size (region n) 0x9584, 0x9604, R/W
0x9684, 0x9704
FDMA_ESBUF_TOPn MPEG2/H.264 top address of elementary stream 0x9588, 0x9608, R/W
buffer (region n) 0x9688, 0x9708
FDMA_ESBUF_READn MPEG2/H.264 elementary stream buffer read 0x958C, 0x960C, R/W
pointer (region n) 0x968C, 0x970C
FDMA_ESBUF_WRITEn MPEG2/H.264 elementary stream buffer write 0x9590, 0x9610, R/W
pointer (region n) 0x9690, 0x9710
FDMA_ESBUF_BOTn MPEG2/H.264 elementary stream buffer bottom 0x9594, 0x9614, R/W
address (region n) 0x9694, 0x9714
FDMA_PES_CTRLn MPEG2/H.264 PES header start code range 0x9598, 0x9618, R/W
control (region n) 0x9698,
FDMA_SC1_CTRLn MPEG2/H.264 start code range control (region n) 0x959C, 0x95A0, R/W
0x961C, 0x9620
0x969C, 0x96A0
FDMA_SC2_CTRLn MPEG2 start code range control (region n) 0x959C, 0x95A0, R/W
0x961C, 0x9620
0x969C, 0x96A0

Table 110: FDMA register summary (MemoryOffset)

FDMA_SCD_STAn Start code detector state (region n) 0x95A4 - 0x95BF, R/W
0x9624 - 0x963F,
0x96A4 - 0x95BF
Start code entries
FDMA_SC_TYPE Type of data in this entry 0x0000 R/W
FDMA_SC_ADDR Memory address of start code 0x0004 R/W
FDMA_SC_VAL Start code value 0x0008 R/W
PTS entries
FDMA_PTS_TYPE Type of data in this entry 0x0000 R/W
FDMA_PTS_ADDR Memory address of PTS 0x0004 R/W
FDMA_PTS_HI MSB of PTS value 0x0008 R/W
FDMA_PTS_LO LSB of PTS value 0x000C R/W
35.1 FDMA interface
FDMA_ID Hardware ID
Confidential
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ID_NUM
Address: FDMABaseAddress + 0x0000

Type: R/W (writable only during initialization)
Reset: 0
Description: Holds hardware ID number.
FDMA_VER Version number
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
VER_NUM

Reset: 0
Description: Holds hardware version number.
FDMA_EN Enable controller
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved EN

Reset: 0
Description: 1: Block enabled or running
0: Block stopped, CPU can access embedded memory.

35.2 Channel interface
FDMA_REV_ID Revision number
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
REV_NUM

Reset: Undefined
Description: Holds low level revision number.
FDMA_CH_CMD_STAn Command and status for channel n
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Channel
DATA ERR STA
running
Channel
idle or DATA CMD
paused
Address: FDMABaseAddress + 0x8040 + n x 4 (where n = 0 to 15)

Confidential
Type: RO (when channel is running)

R/W (when channel is idle or paused)
Reset:
Description: The FDMA_CH_CMD_STA registers are used both as command and status registers.
When the channel is running or enters the paused state, the register is read only and
provides the current channel status and the address of the node being processed.
When the channel is idle or paused, the register provides the node pointer and
additional information prior to issuing a START command.
Channel running
[31:5] DATA
When channel is idle, address of last node to have been loaded, or 0x0 if this channel has never been
used. Otherwise, current node address.
[4:2] ERR: Error type (only valid if interrupt mailbox error bit is set)
000: Interrupt missed
001: Start code list overflow
010: ES buffer overflow
Others: Reserved
[1:0] STA: Channel status
00: Channel is idle 11: Channel is paused
10: Channel is running 01: Reserved
Channel idle or paused

[31:5] DATA
Command pointer to node if command is START
Reserved otherwise
[4:0] CMD: Command
0 0001: START and initialize channel n
0 0000: RESTART channel n (no initialization) from where it was paused
Others: Reserved

FDMA_PTRn Pointer to next node for channel n
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NODE_PTRn Reserved

Type: Read only
Reset: Undefined
Description: Address of next node (32-byte aligned)
FDMA_CNTn Byte count
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
COUNT

Type: Read only
Reset: Undefined
Description: Number of bytes remaining to be transferred for current node.
FDMA_SADDRn Source address for channel n node

Confidential
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SRC_ADDR
Address: FDMABaseAddress + 0x918C + n x 64 (where n = 0 to 15)

Type: Read only
Reset: Undefined
Description: Current source address for channel n node.
FDMA_DADDRn Destination address for channel n node
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DEST_ADDR

Type: Read only
Reset: Undefined
Description: Current destination address for channel n node.

FDMA_REQ_CTRLn Request control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SRC_DEST_NUM
INC_ADDR
NUM_OPS
HOLDOFF
OPCODE
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
WNR
Type: Write only
Reset: Undefined
Description:
[31:30] Reserved
[29] INC_ADDR: Increment address
0: No address increment between transfers
1: Increment address between transfers
[28:24] NUM_OPS: Number of operations per request serviced
0x0: 1 transfer 0x1: 2 transfers
0x2: 3 transfers 0x3: 4 transfers
Others: Reserved
[23:22] SRC_DEST_NUM: Source destination number
Confidential
0x0: Software transport stream

0x1: All other paced channels (See Table 104: FDMA request summary on page 272)
Others: reserved
[21:15] Reserved
[14] WNR: Write not read
0: Read from paced peripheral 1: Write to paced peripheral
[13:8] Reserved
[7:4] OPCODE: STBus opcode
0x0: LD/ST1 1 0x1: LD/ST2 2
0x2: LD/ST4 0x3: LD/ST8
0x4: LD/ST16 0x5: LD/ST 32
1 2
intended as four LD/ST1 (4 bytes transferred) intended as two LD/ST 2 (4 bytes transferred)
[3:0] HOLDOFF: Holdoff value
DREQ is masked for:
0x0: 0: 0.5 µs 0x1: 0.5 - 1 µs
0x2: 1: 1.5 µs Others: Reserved

35.3 Command mailbox
FDMA_CMD_STA Command status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CH15 CH14 CH13 CH12 CH11 CH10 CH9 CH8 CH7 CH6 CH5 CH4 CH3 CH2 CH1 CH0
Address: FDMABaseAddress + 0xBFC0

Type: Read only
Reset: Undefined
Description: Indicates a pending command for channel n.
[2 x n + 1:2 x n] CHn
00: Reserved 01: Start channel n
10: Pause channel n 11: Flush and pause channel n
FDMA_CMD_SET Set command
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Confidential
Type: Write only

Reset: Undefined
Description: Notify FDMA there is a command for channel n.
[2 x n + 1:2 x n] CHn
00: Reserved 01: Start channel n
10: Pause channel n 11: Flush and pause channel n
FDMA_CMD_CLR Clear command
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Type: Write only at initialization
Reset: Undefined
Description: When set these bits acknowledge the command for channel n by clearing bits in the
FDMA_CMD_STA register.

FDMA_CMD_MASK Mask command
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Address: FDMABaseAddress + 0xBFCC

Type: Write only
Reset: Undefined
Description: Enable interrupt generation for channel n.
[2 x n + 1:2 x n] CHn
00: Disable channel n messaging 11: Enable channel n messaging
Others: Reserved
35.4 Interrupt mailbox
FDMA_INT_STA Interrupt status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ERR15
ERR14
ERR13
ERR12
ERR11
ERR10
ERR9
ERR8
ERR7
ERR6
ERR5
ERR4
ERR3
ERR2
ERR1
ERR0
CH15
CH14
CH13
CH12
CH11
CH10
CH9
CH8
CH7
CH6
CH5
CH4
CH3
CH2
CH1
CH0
Confidential
Address: FDMABaseAddress + 0xBFD0

Type: Read only
Reset: Undefined
Description: When a channel is running, its FDMA_CMD_STA register is written by the FDMA and
always contains the current state of the channel. The interrupt mailbox register is used
by the FDMA to interrupt the CPU. When the CPU receives an interrupt the mailbox
should be read to determine which channel generated the interrupt and the interrupt
acknowledged by clearing the channel’s bit in the interrupt mailbox. The channel’s
status can be read from the FDMA_CMD_STA register.
The FDMA may raise an interrupt either if this is specified in the node or if a pause
command is issued by the host. If the host issues a pause command but does not want
to be interrupted by the FDMA when the channel enters the paused state, it should
unmask the interrupt by clearing the channels mask bit in the interrupt mailbox.
Each channel has two bits associated with it in the interrupt mailbox: an interrupt bit and
an ERR bit.
[n x 2] CHn: If bit n = 1, message pending for channel n
[n x 2 + 1] ERRn: If bit n = 1, there is an error for channel n

FDMA_INT_SET Set interrupt
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ERR15
ERR14
ERR13
ERR12
ERR11
ERR10
ERR9
ERR8
ERR7
ERR6
ERR5
ERR4
ERR3
ERR2
ERR1
ERR0
CH15
CH14
CH13
CH12
CH11
CH10
CH9
CH8
CH7
CH6
CH5
CH4
CH3
CH2
CH1
CH0
Type: R/W (writable only on initialization)
Reset: Undefined
Description: These bits generate an interrupt for channel n.
[n x 2] CHn: Generate interrupt for channel n
[n x 2 + 1] ERRn: Generate interrupt for error on channel n
FDMA_INT_CLR Clear interrupt
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ERR15
ERR14
ERR13
ERR12
ERR11
ERR10
ERR9
ERR8
ERR7
ERR6
ERR5
ERR4
ERR3
ERR2
ERR1
ERR0
CH15
CH14
CH13
CH12
CH11
CH10
CH9
CH8
CH7
CH6
CH5
CH4
CH3
CH2
CH1
CH0
Type: Write only
Confidential
Reset: Undefined
Description: When set these bits acknowledge an interrupt for channel n by clearing the relevant
status bits.
[n x 2] CHn: Acknowledge message for channel n
[n x 2 + 1] ERRn: Acknowledge error for channel n
FDMA_INT_MASK Interrupt mask
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ERR15
ERR14
ERR13
ERR12
ERR11
ERR10
ERR9
ERR8
ERR7
ERR6
ERR5
ERR4
ERR3
ERR2
ERR1
ERR0
CH15
CH14
CH13
CH12
CH11
CH10
CH9
CH8
CH7
CH6
CH5
CH4
CH3
CH2
CH1
CH0
Address: FDMABaseAddress + 0xBFDC
Type: Write only
Reset: Undefined
Description: When set these bits enable interrupt generation for channel n.
[n x 2] CHn: If bit n = 1, message pending for channel n
[n x 2 + 1] ERRn: If bit n = 1, there is an error for channel n

35.5 Memory-to-memory moves and paced transfer
FDMA_NODE_NEXT Next register set pointer
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NEXT_PTR 0 0 0 0 0
Address: MemoryOffset + 0x0000

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: Pointer to the next node in the linked list. Aligned on a 32-byte boundary.
Note: 0x0 terminates the list and halts the channel.
FDMA_NODE_CTRL Channel control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
REQ_MAP
SRC_INC
Reserved
DST_INC
PAU_EN
INT_EN
Confidential

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description:
[31]: INT_EN: End-of-node interrupt
0: Do not generate an interrupt at the completion of a node
1: Generate an interrupt at end of node
[30] PAU_EN: Pause at end-of-node
0: No pause at end of node 1: Pause at end of node
[29:9] Reserved
[8:7] DST_INC: Destination address increment
00: Reserved 01: Constant destination address
10: Incrementing destination address 11: Reserved
[6:5] SRC_INC: Source address increment
00: Reserved 01: Constant source address
10: Incrementing source address 11: Reserved
[4:0] REQ_MAP: DREQ mapping
0: Free running
[1 .. 30]: Paced, select DREQ signal and REQ_CTRL as listed in Table 104: FDMA request summary on
page 272):
31: Extended node type (see Section 35.7: SCD/PES parsing on page 301
FDMA_NODE_NBYTES Transfer count
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NBYTES

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: The number of bytes to be transferred for this node.

FDMA_NODE_SADDR Channel source address
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SADDR
Address: MemoryOffset + 0x000C

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: The source address from which the transfer begins. For the memory-side of a paced
transfer, bits 0 to 4 must be 0, that is, aligned to 32 bytes.
FDMA_NODE_DADDR Channel destination address
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DADDR

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: The target address for the transfer. For the memory-side of a paced transfer, bits 0 to 4
must be 0, that is, aligned to 32 bytes.
Confidential
FDMA_NODE_LEN 2D line length
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LENGTH

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: The length of a line in a 2D data move measured in bytes.
FDMA_NODE_SSTRIDE 2D source stride
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SSTRIDE

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: The stride between lines in source 2D data structures measured in bytes.
FDMA_NODE_DSTRIDE 2D destination stride
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DSTRIDE

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: The stride between lines in destination 2D data structures measured in bytes.

35.6 S/PDIF
FDMA_SPD_NODE_NEXT Next node pointer
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NEXT_PTR 0 0 0 0 0

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
FDMA_SPD_NODE_CTRL S/PDIF node control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NODE_VALID
BURST_END
REQ_MAP
Reserved
PAU_EN
INT_EN
DREQ
TYPE
Confidential

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description:
[31] INT_EN: Interrupt at end of node
0: No interrupt at end of node 1: Interrupt host at end of node
[30] PAU_EN: Pause at end of node
0: Continue processing next node 1: Pause at end of this node
[29] NODE_VALID: Node valid bit
0: Node is not valid 0: Node is valid
[28] BURST_END: End of burst
0: node describes burst start or continuation
1: node describes the last data to transfer for the burst. Once this data has been transferred the FDMA will
start sending stuffing until the end of the burst.
[27:13] Reserved
[12:8] DREQ: DREQ mapping
0x0 and 0x1F: Reserved 0x1 - 0x1E: Use register FDMA_REQ_CTRL[1 .. 30]
[7:5] TYPE: Node type
0x0: SCD/PES parsing node 0x1: S/PDIF node
0x2: 0x7 Reserved
[4:0] REQ_MAP: REQ_MAP/extended node type
0x1F: Extended node type 0x0 - 0x1E: Reserved
(DREQ mapping for standard node)

FDMA_SPD_NODE_NBYTES Number of bytes to read
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NBYTES

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: Number of bytes to read from buffer.
FDMA_SPD_NODE_SADDR Source address
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SADDR

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: The source address from which the transfer begins. For the memory-side of a paced
transfer, bits 0 to 4 must be 0, that is, aligned to 32 bytes.
Confidential
FDMA_SPD_NODE_DADDR Destination address
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DADDR

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: The target address for the transfer. For the memory-side of a paced transfer, bits 0 to 4
must be 0, that is, aligned to 32 bytes.
FDMA_SPD_NODE_PA_PB PA and PB preamble words
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PA PB

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: Preamble data for S/PDIF.

FDMA_SPD_NODE_PC_PD PC and PD preamble words
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PC PD

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: Preamble data for S/PDIF.
FDMA_SPD_NODE_BST_PER Burst period
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
BURST_PER

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: Number of S/PDIF frames in the burst.
FDMA_SPD_NODE_CHn_STA_LO Channel status LSB

Confidential
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CH_STA[31:0]
Address: MemoryOffset + 0x0020 (Channel 0), 0x0028 (Channel 1)

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: Channel status bits 31 to 0.
FDMA_SPD_NODE_CHn_STA_HI Channel status MSB
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CH_STA[35:32]
USER_STA
VALID
Reserved
Address: MemoryOffset + 0x0024 (Channel 0), 0x002C (Channel 1)

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description:
[31:6] Reserved
[5] VALID: Validity bit
[4] USER_STA: User status bit
[3:0] CH_STA[35:32]: Channel status bits 35 to 32

35.7 SCD/PES parsing
FDMA_PES_NODE_NEXT Next node pointer
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NEXT_PTR 0 0 0 0 0

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
FDMA_PES_CDP_NODE_CTRL Node control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ADD_DATA
REQ_MAP
Reserved
Reserved
PAU_EN
INT_EN
TYPE
TAG

Confidential
Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description:
[31] INT_EN: Interrupt at end of node
0: No interrupt at end of node 1: Interrupt host at end of node
[30] PAU_EN: Pause at end of node
0: Continue processing next node 1: Pause at end of this node
[29:24] Reserved
[23:16] TAG: Node tag. This tag is copied to the data structures put into the start codes list.
[15:12] Reserved
[11:8] ADD_DATA: Additional data associated with node
0x0: Additional data region 0 0x2: Additional data region 2
0x1: Additional data region 1 Others: Reserved
[7:5] TYPE: Node type
0x0 SCD/PES Parsing 0x2 - 0x7: Reserved
0x1 S/PDIF
[4:0] REQ_MAP: REQ_MAP/extended node type
0x1F: Extended node type
0x0 - 0x1E: Reserved (DREQ mapping for standard node)

FDMA_PES_NODE_NBYTES Number of bytes to be read from PES buffer
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NBYTES

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: Number of bytes in PES buffer on which SCD/PES parsing should be performed.
FDMA_PES_BUFF Read pointer to PES buffer
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PES_BUFF_READ

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: Read pointer to PES buffer.
35.7.1 Additional data regions

Confidential
FDMA_SC_WRITEn MPEG2/H.264 start code list write pointer (region n)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SC_WRITE
Reserved
SC_OVF
Address: FDMABaseAddress +
0x9580 (region 0), 0x9600 (region 1), 0x9680 (region 2), 0x9700 (region 3)
Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[31:4] SC_WRITE: Write pointer for start codes list (must be 4-word aligned)
[3:1] Reserved
[0] SC_OVF: SC list overflow flag
0: No overflow 1: Overflow
FDMA_SC_SIZEn MPEG2/H.264 start code list size (region n)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SC_SIZE Res.
Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Size of start codes list (in number of words).

FDMA_ESBUF_TOPn MPEG2/H.264 top address of elementary stream buffer

(region n)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ESBUF_TOP Reserved
Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Address of top of elementary stream buffer (32-byte aligned)
FDMA_ESBUF_READn MPEG2/H.264 elementary stream buffer read pointer

(region n)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ESBUF_READ
0x958C (region 0), 0x960C (region 1), 0x968C (region 2), 0x970C (region 3)
Type: R/W
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Reset: 0
Description:
FDMA_ESBUF_WRITEn MPEG2/H.264 elementary stream buffer write pointer

(region n)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ESBUF_WRITE
Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
FDMA_ESBUF_BOTn MPEG2/H.264 elementary stream buffer bottom address

(region n)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ESBUF_BOT Reserved
Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: ES buffer bottom pointer (32-byte aligned).

FDMA_PES_CTRLn MPEG2/H.264 PES header start code range control

(region n)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
OUTPUT_PTS
IN_NOT_OUT
DETECT_EN
Reserved RANGE_END RANGE_START
Address: FDMABaseAddress + 0x9598 (region 0), 0x9618 (region 1), 0x9698 (region 2)
Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[31] IN_NOT_OUT: Range mode
0: Detect start codes outside this range 1: Detect start codes within this range
[30] DETECT_EN: Enable start code detection for this range
0: No detection 1: Detect
[29] OUTPUT_PTS: Output PTS to start code list
0: Disable 1: Enable PTS output
[28:16] Reserved
[15:8] RANGE_END: End of PES start code rangea
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[7:0] RANGE_START: Start of PES start code rangea
a. RANGE_END >= RANGE_START

FDMA_SC1_CTRLn MPEG2/H.264 start code range control (region n)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
ONESHOT_MODE 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
IN_NOT_OUT
DETECT_EN
H264_SCD
Address: 0x959C (region 0), 0x961C (region 1), 0x969C (region 2)

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[29] ONESHOT_MODE: Enable one shot mode
0: One shot mode disabled 1: One shot mode enabled
[28] H264_SCD: H.264 Mode SCD
0: MPEG2 start code detect 1: H.264 start code detect
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[27:16] Reserved
[15:8] RANGE_END: End of start code range (inclusive)a
[7:0] RANGE_START: Start of PES start code rang


FDMA_SC2_CTRLn MPEG2 start code range control (region n)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
ONESHOT_MODE 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
IN_NOT_OUT
DETECT_EN
Address: 0x95A0 (region 0), 0x9620 (region 1), 0x96A0 (region 2)

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[29] ONESHOT_MODE: Enable one shot mode
0: One shot mode disabled 1: One shot mode enabled
[28:16] Reserved
[15:8] RANGE_END: End of start code range (inclusive)a
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[7:0] RANGE_START: Start of start code range (inclusive)a
FDMA_SCD_STAn Start code detector state (region n)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SCD_STA
Address: 0x95A4 to 0x95BF (region 0), 0x9624 to 0x963F (region 1), 0x96A4 to 0x95BF (region 2)
Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Must be set to 0 when a new stream is started on this additional data area.
Start code entries

35.7.2 Start code entries
FDMA_SC_TYPE Type of data in this entry
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved TAG Reserved TYPE

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description:
[31:16] Reserved
[15:8] TAG: Copy of TAG value from node
[7:2] Reserved
[1:0] TYPE: Structure type
00: Start code 01: PTS
FDMA_SC_ADDR Memory address of start code

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31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ADDR
Address: MemoryOffset+ 0x0004

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: Memory address of start code in ES.

FDMA_SC_VAL Start code value
Mode 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
MPEG2 Reserved START_CODE
NAL_UNIT_TYPE
NAL_REF_IDC
Reserved
H.264 Reserved SLICE_CNT

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description:
MPEG-2 mode:
[31:8] Reserved
[7:0] START_CODE
H.264 mode:
[31:25] Reserved
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[24:8] SLICE_CNT: Number of slices in previous picture

[7] Reserved
[6:5] NAL_REF_IDC: Field from start code
[4:0] NAL_UNIT_TYPE: Field from start code
See Section H.264 mode start code detect on page 284
35.7.3 PTS entries
FDMA_PTS_TYPE Type of data in this entry
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved TAG Reserved TYPE

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description:
[31:16] Reserved
[15:8] TAG: Copy of TAG value from node
[7:2] Reserved
[1:0] TYPE: Structure type
00: Start code 01: PTS

FDMA_PTS_ADDR Memory address of PTS
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ADDR

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: Address where PTS would appear in ES.
FDMA_PTS_HI MSB of PTS value
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PTS[32]
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: Bit 32 of program transport stream (PTS).
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FDMA_PTS_LO LSB of PTS value
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PTS[31:0]

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: Bits 0 to 31 of PTS.

STx7100
Part 5
Transport interface
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STx7100 36 Programmable transport interface (PTI)
36 Programmable transport interface (PTI)
36.1 Overview
The PTI is a dedicated transport engine. It contains its own CPU and handles the transport
deMUX functionality of the set-top box.
The PTI maintains an internal system time clock timer (STC) which keeps track of the encoder
clock. The STC is clocked off PIX_CLK.PIX_CLK is controlled by clock recovery software
running on the ST40 processor such that it is locked on to the encoder’s clock.
The ST40 sets up the PTI and loads its program through the STBus interface. On reception of a
new transport packet, the PTI writes its content to the ST40 memory space through the interface.
The PTI module parses and demultiplexes the transport stream, using a mixture of hardware and
software running on an application-specific processor called the transport controller (TC). The
TC gives the PTI the level of flexibility normally associated with software based demultiplexing of
transport streams without the overhead of this processing being placed on the ST40 CPU.
The PTI is configured by registers and programmed by two blocks of static shared memory
contained within the PTI, one block containing instructions and the other data. The data block
contains structures shared with the ST40 CPU plus structures private to the TC. Code for the TC
is downloaded into the PTI instruction memory by a PTI software driver running on the ST40.
The functionality of the PTI is therefore defined by a combination of the PTI hardware, the
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software running on the TC, and the software driver running on the ST40. This arrangement
allows great flexibility by changing the code to be run. Many parameters of the code are modified
to change the behavior and features of the PTI. The TC code and PTI driver software are
provided by STMicroelectronics. Different versions of these software components are available,
with support for generic MPEG-2/DVB transport stream parsing, descrambling and
demultiplexing.
Specific details of the data structures and mechanisms used to communicate between the TC
and the PTI driver running on the ST40 are contained in the documentation for these software
components.
PTI operation is controlled by a software API supplied by STMicroelectronics.
The remainder of this chapter is a description of the hardware components of the PTI and the
features and operation implemented by ST software.

36 Programmable transport interface (PTI) STx7100
36.2 PTI functions

The PTI provides great flexibility, since many features are implemented in either hardware,
software or a combination of the two. What follows is a description of the features of the PTI
when running the first version of the generic DVB code.
The PTI hardware performs the following functions:
● serial and parallel interface for transport stream input,
● framing of transport packets (sync byte detection),
● section filtering up to 96 x 8 bytes or 48 x 16 bytes using three programmable filtering

modes,
● CRC checking of sections (CRC32) and PES data (CRC16),
● DMA and buffering of streams in circular buffers in memory.
This behavior is changed with TC software:

● DMA of three data streams to audio and video MPEG decoders via buffers in memory,
● DMA support for block moves,
● fast search for packet ID (PID) using dedicated hardware engine,
● time stamp checking in two formats.
Software extends the hardware’s capability:

● PID filtering of more than 48 PIDs,
● adaptation field parsing - PCR detection and time stamping,

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● special purpose section filters allowing total flexibility in processing transport streams,
● demultiplexing of transport stream by PID, supported by hardware,
● communication to ST40 CPU of buffer state.
In addition to these transport device functions, the interface copies the entire transport stream or
transport packets with selected PIDs from the transport stream through to the PTI output stream
interface.
Details of how to control these features are contained in the PTI application programming
interface (API) and the PTI software documentation for the particular version of the PTI code.

36.3 PTI architecture

The PTI consists of the TC containing the TC core, input interface (IIF), DMA, and peripheral
interface blocks. This is illustrated in Figure 74.
Figure 74: Programmable transport interface architecture
Transport stream input
Transport stream output,

Input
for example, to 1394
interface
via TSMerger (IIF)
Data
Instruction Transport Section filter
SRAM
SRAM controller (SF)
core
TC toolbox
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Peripheral
interface
DMA
3 + 1 channels
Timer
STBus System memory interface
36.3.1 Transport controller (TC)

The TC incorporates the TC core which implements the transport deMUX software. The TC core
is a simple 16-bit RISC CPU which uses hardware accelerators to implement PID searching (SE)
and section filtering (SF). There is also hardware support for CRC checking.
The TC is responsible for parsing transport packets delivered via the IIF, and controls the entire
PTI operation via memory mapped registers. Processed transport data is passed out from the
TC to the dedicated DMAs where it is written to ST40 memory via the STBus.
Search engine (SE)

The SE performs a table look-up on the PID to determine whether the current packet is required.
It supports searching on up to 48 PIDs and also implements range-checking.
Section filter (SF)

The SF is a hardware accelerator block dedicated to the section filtering task. It supports a
number of standard section filtering schemes (short matching mode, long matching mode,
positive negative mode) and any software based filtering scheme programmed using the
PTI_SFFILTERMASK, PTI_SFFILTERDATA and PTI_SFNOTMATCH registers. Standard
filtering is implemented using a double RAM-based CAM.
The SF operates in two modes: automatic or manual.

● Automatic mode
The SF takes over the entire filtering process, reading data directly from the TC core input
register and writing directly to the output register. The TC merely reads the packet header,
sets up the SF with the appropriate configuration, and sets it going. Breakpoints are allowed
in the process to allow the TC to intervene and customize the filtering algorithm at specific
points, allowing maximum flexibility at top performance (sometimes called semiautomatic
mode).
● Manual mode
The TC core is in overall control of the process but uses the dedicated SF to perform
specific filtering tasks.
36.3.2 Shared memory

The PTI contains 6.5 Kbytes of data memory, which is accessed as 32-bit words by the ST40
CPU and as 16-bit words by the TC. This memory is used to hold the private data structures of
the TC and data shared between the two processors.
The 9 Kbyte instruction memory holds the instructions that the TC executes. It is accessed as
32-bits wide by both the TC and the ST40 CPU, and is loaded with code by the ST40 before
enabling the TC. The ST40 cannot access the instruction memory while the TC is executing.
36.3.3 Input interface (IIF)

The IIF provides the TC with a stream of transport packets for parsing. It also allows data to be
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copied to an output port via TSMerger, for example, one supporting the IEEE 1394 protocol.
The IIF is responsible for inputting the synchronous data stream to the PTI and passing data to
the TC for processing. The start of a packet is detected either from the incoming packet clock or
by sync byte detection. Under the control of TC software, the IIF routes data to the TC input
register via the IIF’s H- or header FIFO.
The IIF, like other DMA modules, is controlled by registers. Parameters programmed in these
registers include:
● operating conditions for sync byte detection,
● packet length up to 256 bytes long (default 188),
● data transfer parameters, for example, number of bytes to be passed to the TC or whether
descrambling is required,
● alternate output parameters.
36.3.4 DMA
The PTI's DMA block contains four DMA channels. Channel 0 is the PTI's main DMA write
channel used for transferring demultilpexed payloads to memory buffers under the control of the
TC.
Channels 1 to 3 are general purpose paced DMA channels used for memory to memory and
memory to device transfers. These DMA channels can be used in a circular buffer configuration
if required combined with DMA channel 0. (see Section 36.6: DMA operation). A programmable
delay (the holdoff time) is built into the data transfer to ensure all data has reached its target
before the request signal is read for the next transfer.Also, a programmable write length ensures
that all data has storage room in the target upon arrival.
Channel 0 outputs single words or 4-, 8- or 16-word bursts. It may also be configured to output
data directly to the decoders. Channels 1 to 3 are normally set to write whole words but are
configurable to write to byte-wide devices.

The DMA block is controlled by a number of registers which are programmed by the TC software.
Functions controlled by these registers include:
● setting up and manipulating the circular data buffers,
● configuring write channel (channel 0) operation,
● configuring channels 1 to 3 to write to the decoders (or memory),
● channel 0 status,
● memory map selection (programming mode).
36.3.5 PTI DMA channel usage

In the STx7100, the normal A/V data flow for stream decoding uses the PTI DMA Channel 0 to
transfer demultiplexed transport stream payloads to memory buffers and then the FDMA is used
for performing start code detection, PES parsing and transfers to A/V bit buffers which are
accessed by the decoders (see Section 34.4.3: SCD/PES parsing on page 282).
PTI DMA channels 1-3 are still available for generic application use if required.
36.3.6 Peripheral interface

The peripheral interface allows the PTI to interact with the ST40 and communicate data between
them. It handles all address decoding (for example, DMA writes and interrupts) and allows joint
access to the instruction and data SRAMs and configuration registers. It also implements the
timer and time stamp functions and soft reset (see Section 36.4.2: Soft reset on page 316).
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36.3.7 Timer module

The timer module in the PER contains the system time clock (STC) and three time stamp
registers:
● packet start time register,
● audio PTS (presentation time stamp) latch register,
● video PTS latch register.
These registers are loaded with the STC value according to the events shown in Table 111.
Table 111: Timer module register update events
Event Action
Rising edge of packet clock (packet start) STC is loaded into the packet start time register
Beginning of audio frame output STC is loaded into the audio PTS register
VSYNC STC is loaded into the video PTS register
The packet start time register is read by the TC and used to determine the arrival time of a
program clock reference (PCR). The CPU cannot directly access this register. TC software
stores this arrival time together with the PCR in shared data SRAM so it can be read by the CPU.
The audio and video PTS registers are read directly by the CPU and used by driver software to
synchronize the audio and video. Each register consists of two words to accommodate 33-bit
time stamp values, one word holds the lower 32 bits and the other holds the most significant bit.

36.4 PTI operation

The programmable transport interface (PTI) performs the transport parsing and processing
functions without intervention of the ST40 CPU. The block is controlled by the ST40 and
communicates with it via a shared data SRAM block local to the PTI, registers in the PTI, data
structures in the ST40 memory written by the PTI and an interrupt from the PTI.
The shared data SRAM is used to hold the main data structures for the PTI including:
● PID values,
● descrambler keys for each PID,
● control bits for each PID to set up DMA parameters, to mark the PCR PID, to control section
CRC checking, and to mark PIDs which need copying to the selective transport output
interface,
● PID state information such as a transport or PES level descrambling flag, partial sections for
filtering, partial section CRC values, and current continuity count values,
● descriptors and pointers to the circular buffers where the streams from each PID are sent,
● the last adaptation field and its time stamp from the local system clock.
Registers are provided to allow the ST40 CPU to initialize and control the block and to provide
interrupt status and control.
36.4.1 Initialization
After device reset, the TC in the PTI is halted and the PTI block remains idle. It stays in this state
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until:
● the TC code is loaded into the instruction SRAM by the ST40,
● initialization is performed as described below,
● the TC is enabled by setting the TC_EN bit of the PTI_TCMODE register high.
There are a number of initialization steps that must be performed before the TC is enabled.
1. The data SRAM must be initialized with any data structures required by the TC software.
2. The interrupt status registers must be cleared.
3. The IIFFIFO_EN register bit must be set high to enable the input FIFO.
36.4.2 Soft reset

A soft reset feature is available on the PTI by setting a bit in the TC configuration register. The
DMA should be flushed using register PTI_DMAFLUSH before the reset is initiated to ensure all
outstanding signals on the bus are cleared.
36.4.3 Typical operation

When the TC is running, the software waits for a transport packet to arrive. Having detected the
start of a packet, the TC code then sets up the PTI hardware search engine to perform PID
filtering. The search engine searches a contiguous block of PID values within data SRAM for a
match with the PID in the incoming transport packet header. If the packet is to be rejected, the
software discards the packet and waits for the next packet to arrive. If the packet is one to be
processed, the TC examines the data structure for the PID in the data SRAM to determine what
other processing is required. The type of transport packet is recorded in this data structure by the
ST40. The PTI driver sets variables in this data structure to configure the TC software to perform
various tasks.

Typical tasks might be:

● descrambling at the transport or the PES level with a key pair,
● section filtering, with a set of filters and section CRC checking for streams containing
sections,
● directing the output stream either to a circular buffer in memory or to a compressed data
FIFO of an audio or video decoder,
● enabling or disabling a stream,
● appending or indexing extra information for further data processing by the ST40.
Having examined the PID data structures, the TC sets up the rest of the hardware in the PTI to
perform the required descrambling and DMA operations before starting to parse the rest of the
packet. Processing varies depending on the contents of the transport packet, which includes:
● PES data,
● section data,
● adaptation fields,
● continuity count fields,
● time stamp.
Typical processing for different packet types and fields is described in the rest of this section.
PES data
Transport packets which contain PES data and are not rejected by PID filtering, are CRC
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checked and descrambled if required. The PES data is DMA transferred into a circular buffer.
The DMA features of the PTI buffer a PES stream in memory and then transfer the data to a
decoder without the CPU being involved. Optionally an interrupt is generated to the ST40 when
the buffer for a PES stream has data added to it and the state of the buffer changes from empty
to nonempty. An interrupt is raised and an error flag set in the data SRAM if the buffer overflows.
In such cases, the most recent data is lost.
Section data
Transport packets which contain section data and are not rejected by PID filtering, are subjected
to section filtering on each section or partial section in the packet.
The PTI contains a hardware section filter which implements two standard filter modes:
● short match mode (SMM): 96 filters of 8 bytes each,
● long match mode (LMM): 48 filters of 16 bytes each.
Positive/negative matching mode is also supported.

Section filtering is highly flexible. Any subset of the filters, including all or none, are applied to any
PID, and filtering modes are mixed within an application.
When a section passes the filtering, the complete section is written to the ST40 memory space,
either to a circular buffer or to defined locations for a set of sections.
The PTI hardware also automatically detects (using the section syntax indicator bit) if CRC has
been applied to the section, and performs CRC checking if required. If the CRC check fails, the
TC software removes the incorrect section from the section buffer, discards the current PID, and
waits until a new packet arrives (detected by the unit start indicator). CRC checking is enabled or
disabled, and the TC can also be programmed to keep a corrupt section.
The TC software uses a bit in the interrupt status registers to raise an interrupt for the ST40
signalling a buffer having a section placed in it.

There are no restrictions on any of:

● the alignment of the sections in transport packets,
● the lengths of sections other than those in the MPEG-2 standard,
● the numbers of sections in a packet when filtering standard sections.
Section filtering is implemented by a mixture of TC code with the hardware section filter.
Alternatively, it may be performed purely in TC code to implement a small number of longer or
special purpose filters. In this case there may be some restrictions on the minimum length of a
section or the number per transport packet, to ensure that the processing is performed within the
period of one transport packet interval.
Adaptation fields
Typically only the program counter reference (PCR) would be extracted from this field although
the TC software could extract other data.
If a PID is flagged as the source for PCR values then any adaptation field in a transport packet
with this PID containing a PCR has the PCR value extracted and stored in the data SRAM. The
value is stored with a time stamp, which is the time when the transport packet arrived, as given
by the system time clock (STC) counter value. An interrupt is raised to the ST40 and the interrupt
bit itself is used as a handshake for the processing of the PCR by the ST40. Until the bit is
cleared, no more PCRs are captured.
The STC counter is clocked by the 27 MHz input clock to the device and is initialized by the ST40
CPU.
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Continuity count field

The TC software uses this field to check for missing transport packets. If a continuity count error
is detected, the software discards any partial units of data, such as a partially complete section,
and search for a new data unit starting point.
36.4.4 Direct output of transport data

Concurrently with the parsing, processing, and DMA transfer of the transport packets, some or all
of the transport stream can be copied to an external interface, for example, an external IEEE
1394 controller. The ST40 software directs specific packets to be output, with or without
descrambling. Modifications of the transport stream, including modification of tables and
substitution of packets, are possible by suitable programming of the TC.
36.5 Interrupt handling

The PTI may interrupt the ST40 under a number of conditions, for example when a DMA
operation changes a buffer from being empty to nonempty, or in the case of an error condition.
The interrupt is generated by the TC writing into one of the 64 interrupt status register bits. These
bits are ORed together to produce one interrupt and fed to the interrupt controller via the interrupt
level controller. The ST40 CPU then uses this interrupt to schedule a process to deal with this
condition.
The TC sets a given interrupt by writing to the appropriate bit position in the interrupt status
register and the ST40 resets interrupts by writing to the appropriate bit position in the appropriate
interrupt acknowledge register. The ST40 determines which interrupts are currently set by
reading the appropriate interrupt status register.
The ST40 enables or disables interrupts by writing 1 or 0 into the appropriate bit position in the
appropriate interrupt enable register. Using this mechanism, the ST40 processes a buffer until a
read to the write pointer (held in the data SRAM) shows the buffer to be empty. The process then
clears the status bit which corresponds to that buffer by writing 1 to the corresponding interrupt
acknowledge register bit.

The detection of the empty condition on a buffer and the acknowledgement of an interrupt does
not lock out the TC from writing the write pointer after the ST40 has checked, and setting the
interrupt status bit before the ST40 has acknowledged. The buffer state must be reconfirmed
before waiting on a semaphore for that buffer. Rechecking the write pointer avoids data being left
in the buffer until the next data arrives and the TC sets the interrupt again. If the buffer is still
empty then the ST40 process enables the interrupt by setting the correct interrupt enable bit
before making the process wait on a semaphore.
Figure 75 shows the TC and the ST40 processes and mechanism described above.
Note: At any given time each process is at any point during the critical regions of code. There is no
implied timing for each step of a process only an ordering of steps.
After the buffer has been refilled the TC sets the interrupt status bit causing the PTI interrupt
handler to be run. When the interrupt handler finds the buffer process semaphore status bit is set
then the interrupt handler signals to the semaphore to restart the process and disable that
interrupt bit. Therefore, the process itself disables the interrupt at the PTI level, and only enables
it when it is about to sleep.
An error condition would be handled in a similar manner.
The association of interrupt bits with particular conditions and events is determined by the TC
code and the corresponding PTI driver running on the ST40 CPU.
Figure 75: PTI buffer interrupt handling

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Disable interrupt Finish processing Read write pointer Nonempty?

Enter interrupt handler Read write pointer INTACK
Read WritePtr
Read interrupt status Write read pointer Nonempty?
Wake-up process Enable interrupt
ST40 Interrupt handler ST40 process

Sleep process
Transport controller
Finish packet IntSet

Read read pointer Write WritePtr

36.6 DMA operation

The PTI contains a four channel DMA controller which is programmed by the TC and the ST40
CPU. The channels are used to write or read data to or from circular buffers defined by a base
and a top pointer. For each channel there is also a read and a write byte pointer.
A separate unit called the PDES (programmable descrambler) is responsible for descrambling
transport streams. This is described in Chapter 75 on page 894. The PTI has a direct interface
with the PDES and is under the control of the TC. Packets to be descrambled are passed directly
to the PDES and received back after descrambling for further processing if required.
The TC uses DMA channel 0, a write only DMA, to send the data from a transport packet to a
circular buffer in the ST40 memory space, or when required, directly to a decoder mapped on to
a fixed memory location. Since the TC reloads the registers of channel 0 at the start of
processing each transport packet, this allows payloads from transport packets with different PIDs
to be output to different buffers. It also enables the TC code to support output buffers with data
structures other than circular buffers.
Channel 0 is configured to write data directly to the decoders by specifying the address to be
written to in the appropriate buffer registers. When using this feature channel 0 should be set to
holdoff mode.
It is also possible to configure channel 0 to ignore the decoder ready signal. This feature should
be used with caution as it allows data to be written without flow control.
Channels 1 to 3 can be used to read from circular buffers and write the data to a device such as
an audio or video decoder mapped to a fixed address in ST40 memory, in response to a request
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signal. Each time the request signal is active (low) and there is data to be read from the buffer
(that is, the read pointer is not equal to the write pointer), a programmable number of bytes is
transferred. This is followed by a hold-off time during which the request is not sampled, allowing
the request signal time to become valid again. In the STx7100, the FDMA is typically instead
used for transferring A/V data to the decoder bit buffers performing PES parsing and start code
detection along the way (see section Section 34.4.3: SCD/PES parsing on page 282)
Block moves are supported on channels 1 to 3 using a special DMA mechanism which
increments the input address after each write.
During operation the read and write pointers are examined by the hardware to determine if there
is data in the buffers to be transferred. If there is data in the buffer and the request line for that
channel is active then the data is transferred and the read pointer updated. If channel 0 DMA is
writing into the buffer then the write pointer is updated by the TC; otherwise the ST40 CPU
updates the write pointer after adding data to a buffer.
Once each transport packet has been output on channel 0, the DMA write pointer of the
corresponding buffer data structure in the PTI data SRAM is updated. If the transport packet did
not contain the end of a complete data unit such as a section, a temporary write pointer variable
is used. This is done so that the ST40 process only sees a complete unit of data to be
processed. The temporary write pointer is available for reading by the TC software in a special
register. When the data unit is complete, the write pointer used by the ST40 process is updated
and an interrupt is set to signal to the ST40 process that data is in that buffer. This mechanism of
updating the write pointers and interrupting, is not used in the special case that the buffers are
being transferred by DMA to an audio, video or other decoder.
Channels 1 to 3 have the write pointers updated either by the TC software after data has been
placed in the corresponding buffer by DMA channel 0, or, by the ST40 CPU if this is writing data
into the buffer that DMA channels 1 to 3 are reading from.

Figure 76: DMA channels
Channel 0 Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3
MPEG decoders
PTI_DMAnTOP
PTI_DMAnWRITE
PTI_DMAnREAD
PTI_DMAnBASE
36.6.1 Circular buffers

The inset in Figure 76 shows how the buffer pointer registers are used to implement circular
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buffers for the four DMA channels. The base register points to the base word of the buffer, and
must be 16-byte aligned, so bits 0 to 3 must be zero. The top register points to the top byte of the
buffer. If a circular buffer is being used then this address must be one byte below a 16-byte
aligned address, so bits 0 to 3 must be 1. The buffer for channel 0 only is reduced to a single
address by setting the top register equal to the base register. In this case, the data is written to a
fixed address defined by the write pointer and the write pointer is not updated.
The read and write buffers point to the next word to be read or written respectively.
At initialization the read and write pointers are set to the same value, so that the buffers are
empty. The base and top pointers are initialized to point to the beginning and end of the buffers.
36.6.2 Channel arbitration

Only one of the four DMA channels may have access to the memory bus at any time. To ensure
smooth flow of data and to avoid mutual lockout, there is a fair and efficient arbitration scheme
between the four DMA channels.
The scheme used is the least recently used (LRU) method, that is, the channel that has not
requested an access for the longest time is guaranteed the next access. This ensures that none
of the channels locks out the others, and has the advantage that the LRU arbiter does not waste
any clock cycles on an inactive channel.
Although channel 0 appears to have no priority over channels 1 to 3 to write incoming transport
data, in fact the performance of channel 0 is enhanced because:
● it transfers data four times faster than channels 1 to 3 using four-word bursts,
● it never performs read accesses, which are inherently slower because they cannot be
posted ahead.
36.6.3 Flushing the DMA

Before doing a PTI soft reset (see Section 36.4.2: Soft reset on page 316), the DMA must be
flushed to ensure it restarts cleanly without any outstanding request, grants or valid signals. This
is performed using register PTI_DMAFLUSH.

36.6.4 Performance
Each DMA channel performs one read, write or burst access when it has been granted by the
memory arbiter. When more than one channel is active, one performs an access while another is
waiting for valid pulses to come back from the interconnect. So the accesses are interleaved,
guaranteeing a high performance.
Performance is enhanced by being able to post writes to the STBus that is, a read or write is
initiated without waiting for a valid signal on the previous access. Reads cannot be posted since
the next operation may be a write that depends on the result of the previous read.
36.6.5 Block move

In normal operation DMA channels 1 to 3 read from a circular buffer and write to a fixed address
(the memory-mapped address of the decoder). Channels 1 to 3 are also configured to perform a
block move by setting a bit in the channels status register. This causes the decoder address to be
incremented after each write and effectively performs a circular- to- linear blockmove function.
This is illustrated in Figure 77.
Figure 77: DMA blockmove
Address Address
when when
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finished finished
Address
when
Address programmed
when
programmed
Example A Example B
Area to move (appropriate write and read pointer should be programmed)
36.7 Section filter

The section filter in the PTI hardware and TC software parses the section information in an
MPEG-2 transport stream packet. Sections that pass the filter are transferred via the channel 0
DMA to ST40 memory. These sections have a fixed format and are defined by the MPEG-2
systems specification1.
The data sections arrive at a faster rate than the system processes them, so a filter selects only
those sections that are required and thus reduces the required processing rate. In addition, the
sections that are used to construct tables are repeated regularly, so it is possible to build up an
information table by capturing a proportion of them using one set of values in the filters, and then
capturing the remainder of the table by setting the filters up to select the missing sections.
The hardware filter system looks for a match to the programmed filters, for example, using short
match mode the match would be to a total of 96 filters of 8 bytes each. Each bit of each of the
filters may be individually masked, so that no comparison is performed on that bit of the filter. In
addition to the filtering operation the PTI performs CRC checking on the sections which match a
filter.
1. Generic Coding Of Moving Pictures And Associated Audio: Systems, Recommendation

H.222.0, ISO/IEC 13818-1

The CRC result is programmed to be acted upon for:

● all sections,
● no sections,
● only those sections that have the section syntax indicator bit set via bits in the PID data
structure read by the TC code.
A 1-byte result report is output when sections are accepted.
A filter mask word in each PID data structure specifies which set of filters is applied to sections in
a transport packet with that PID.
Filter matching is programmed by writing a set of masks and filters in the CAM memory. The
CAM has two memory cores named CAMA and CAMB.
Each even four-byte word memory address of the CAMA or CAMB memory array is a set of filter
bytes, and each odd word address is either a set of filter bytes or mask bytes. A configuration bit
is used to enable the masks. With masks enabled the total number of filters and masks available
is 48 8-byte or 96 16-byte filter plus mask sets. If masks are not required each CAM has
48 8-byte or 96 16-byte filters.
The filters and masks are arranged in columns, interleaving one layer of filter data and, if masks
are enabled, its relevant mask. The first entry to CAMA is a 32-bit word formed by the first byte of
each of the first four filters. The first entry to CAMB is a 32-bit word formed by the first byte of
each of the fifth to eighth filters. The second entry to the CAMA, when masks are enabled, will be
a 32-bit word formed by the first byte of each of the masks of the first four filters and so on.
The position of the first filter in the memory is also programmable. Figure 78 illustrates different
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examples of CAM configuration.
Figure 78: Memory organization when CAM_CFG NOT_MASK bit = 1 (masks disabled).
0x200 F00B00 F01B00 F02B00 F03B00 0x500 F04B00 F05B00 F06B00 F07B00
0x204 0x504
0x208 F00B01 F01B01 F02B01 F03B01 0x508 F04B01 F05B01 F06B01 F07B01
RAM Core A RAM Core B
F01B02 Filter 01 Byte 02

CAM Filter
CAM Mask

Figure 79: Memory organization with CAM_CFG NOT_MASK bit = 0 (masks enabled)
0x200 0x500
F00B00 F01B00 F02B00 F03B00 F04B00 F05B00 F06B00 F07B00
0x204 0x504
0x208 0x508
31 0 31 0
F01B02 Filter 01 Byte 02

CAM Filter
Note: There is no mask, and
therefore double size for filters. CAM Mask
Figure 80: Memory organization for 16 filters
0x200 0x500
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F00 F01 F02 F03 F04 F05 F06 F07
0x240 0x540
F08 F09 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 F15
31 0 31 0
F01 Filter 01
Note: It is assumed that 8 bytes filter
sizes and NOT_MASK should be set to 0. CAM Filter
CAM Mask

Figure 81: Memory organization when different and mixed cases.
00-03 Filters and mask block 0x200 0x500 04-07 Filters and mask block
08-11 Filters and mask block 0x240 12-15 Filters and mask block
16-19 Filters and mask block 0x280 20-23 Filters and mask block
24-27 Filters and mask block 0x2C0 28-31 Filters and mask block
00-03 Filters block 0x300 0x600 04-07 Filters block
08-13 Filters block 0x320 12-15 Filters block
00-03 Filters and mask block 0x3A0 0x6A0 04-07 Filters and mask block
CAM_RANGE
RAM core A 0x02C0 0200 RAM core B

0x0380 0300
31 0 0x03A0 03A0 31 0
Note: This example has filters for three different types of streams. The second (40 filters in yellow)
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without mask. It has been assumed (see the memory address) that the filter for all the cases are
8 bytes filters. To select between the different types, the CAM_RANGE register should be as shown
over these lines. It shows the expected programed values to use each of the sets in different
contexts.
36.7.1 Automatic and manual modes

The SF operates in automatic or manual mode.
Automatic mode
In automatic mode the entire filtering process is performed in the SF with no intervention by the
ST40. The ST40 processes the packet header, sets up the SF with the required configuration,
and starts the SF engine. The SF then reads data directly from the TC input register and parses
the entire payload, outputting section data to the TC output register.
To allow the TC to intervene and customize automatic filtering, breakpoints are set at the
following events:
● after filtering any section (wanted or unwanted),
● after a wanted section has been output.
This enables the TC to add extra filtering, recover unwanted sections, or intervene between
sections.
Breakpoints are enabled by setting the appropriate bits in the SF configuration register.
Manual mode
In manual mode the TC core controls the filtering process, writing section data in order to the SF
header registers and reading the results from the SF, effectively using the section filtering and
CRC modules as special purpose hardware engines.

36.7.2 Filtering modes

Standard filtering modes supported are:
● short match mode (SMM): matches on CAM A or CAM B,
● long match mode (LMM): matches on CAM A line n and CAM B line n,
● positive/negative matching mode: matches on CAM A line n and not CAM B line n,
Standard filtering is performed by means of two CAM 32-bit wide memory cores (A and B), the
outputs of which are ANDed to give the final result. CAM A has an additional register
(PTI_SFNOTMATCH) containing five bits of data and one bit to enable not matching. CAM lines
are enabled or disabled using mask registers. Almost any CAM-based filtering match over 18
bytes can be programmed. The mapping of data to CAM A and CAM B for a single filter on each
of these modes is shown in Table 112 to Table 114.
PTI_SFDATAn has to be arranged inside CAM memory space as in Section 36.7: Section filter
on page 322
Table 112: SMM mapping
Section bytes CAM A CAM B
5[5:1]a PTI_SFNOTMATCHn[4:0] Not used
0 PTI_SFDATAn[63:56] PTI_SFDATAn[63:56]
1 Not used
2
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10 Not used
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
a. Used when bit ENn of register PTI_SFNOTMATCHn = 1
Table 113: LMM mapping
0 PTI_SFDATAn[63:56] Not used

1 Not used
2

Table 113: LMM mapping

3 PTI_SFDATAn[55:48] Not used
4 PTI_SFDATAn[47:40]
8 PTI_SFDATAn[15:8]
9 PTI_SFDATAn[7:0]
10 Not used PTI_SFDATAn[63:56]
17 PTI_SFDATAn[7:0]

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Table 114: Positive/negative matching mode mapping
1 Not used
2
10 Not used
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

36.7.3 CRC checking

A CRC check is performed after the section has been processed by the section filter. If the check
fails the software ignores the corrupt section in the circular buffer and waits for it to be transmitted
again. The address of the start of the section is stored in a temporary register, and when the
packet is encountered again in the data stream this address is loaded and the section data is
directed to the correct circular buffer, where it overwrites the corrupted data.
36.7.4 Section filter registers

The section filter is configured and controlled by the TC software via a set of registers. These
perform the following functions:
● section filter set up and configuration: automatic/manual mode; filter mode; CRC type; mask
enable; breakpoint enable,
● section filter run,
● section filter header data,
● section filter process data: section filter state, CRC state, DMA write address,
● CAM engine configuration: number of filters in memory, filter length, first filter in memory,
prefetch ability,
● CAM matching results,
● CAM mask data,
● CAM not matching results,

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● selection of memory map (programming mode).

STx7100 37 Programmable transport interface (PTI) registers
37 Programmable transport interface (PTI) registers
Register addresses are provided as PTIBaseAddress + offset.

The PTIBaseAddress is:
0x1923 0000.
Table 115: PTI register summary
DMA
PTI_DMA_EMPTY_STA DMA empty status 0x0034 RO
PTI_DMA_EMPTY_EN DMA empty enable 0x0038 R/W
PTI_DMA0_STA DMA channel 0 status 0x1018 R/W
PTI_DMAn_BASE DMA buffer base address 0x1000, 0x1020, WO

0x1040, 0x1060
Reserved - 0x1014 - 0x1074 -
PTI_DMAn_READ DMA buffer read address 0x100C - 0x106C WO,

R/W
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PTI_DMA0_SETUP DMA channel 0 byte not word mode and block move 0x1010 R/W
PTI_DMAn_SETUP DMA channels 1 to 3 byte not word mode and block move 0x1030, 0x1050, R/W
0x1070
PTI_DMAn_TOP DMA buffer top address 0x1004 - 0x1064 WO
PTI_DMAn_WRITE DMA buffer write address 0x1008, 0x1028, R/W,

0x1068 WO
PTI_DMAn_CD_ADDR Configuration of CD FIFO address for channels 1 to 3 0x1038, 0x1058, WO

0x1078
PTI_DMA_EN DMA enable 0x101C WO
PTI_DMA_FLUSH Flush ready for a soft reset 0x105C R/W
Input interface
PTI_IIF_ALT_FIFO_CNT IIF alternative FIFO count 0x6004 RO
PTI_IIF_ALT_LATENCY IIF alternative output latency 0x6010 WO
PTI_IIF_FIFO_CNT IIF count 0x6000 RO
PTI_IIF_FIFO_EN IIF FIFO enable 0x6008 R/W
PTI_IIF_SYNC_DROP IIF sync drop 0x6018 WO
PTI_IIF_SYNC_CLK IIF sync lock 0x6014 WO
PTI_IIF_SYNC_CFG IIF sync configuration 0x601C WO
PTI_IIF_SYNC_PER IIF sync period 0x6020 WO
PTI_IIF_HFIFO_CNT IIF header FIFO count 0x6024 RO

37 Programmable transport interface (PTI) registers STx7100
Table 115: PTI register summary
PTI configuration
PTI_CFG PTI configuration 0x0058 R/W
PTI_AUD_PTS Audio presentation time stamp 0x0040, 0x0044 RO
PTI_INT_ACKn PTI interrupt acknowledgment 0x0020 - 0x002C WO
PTI_INT_ENn PTI interrupt enable 0x0010 - 0x001C R/W
PTI_INT_STAn PTI interrupt status 0x0000 - 0x000C RO
PTI_VID_PTS Video presentation time stamp 0x0048, 0x004C RO
PTI_STC_TIMER Set STC timer 0x0050 - 0x0054 WO
Transport controller mode
PTI_TC_MODE Transport controller mode 0x0030 R/W
37.1 DMA
PTI_DMA_EMPTY_STA DMA empty status

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31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
3_EMP
2_EMP
1_EMP
Reserved
Address: PTIBaseAddress + 0x0034

Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description:
[31:3] Reserved
[2] 3_EMP: DMA channel 3 buffer empty

PTI_DMA_EMPTY_EN DMA empty enable
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
3_IEN
2_IEN
1_IEN
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[31:3] Reserved
[2] 3_IEN: Enable interrupt on channel 3 empty
PTI_DMA0_STA DMA channel 0 status
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved FIFO_FULL DMA0_OVF DMA0_DONE

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Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: The PTI_DMA0STATUS register shows whether DMA channel 0 has overflowed. This
is only used when debugging TC code. The TC code is normally designed to read the
DMA0OVERFLOW bit and signal this condition to the ST40 software via one of the
interrupt status bits. The interrupt bit is also used as a handshake that the ST40
software has acknowledged the condition. Data is discarded by DMA channel 0 if the
buffer it is writing overflows.
[7:3] Reserved
[2] FIFO_FULL
1: The input FIFO has reached a full condition and stalled the interface to the TC, preventing any data
loss.
Write 1 to reset.
[1] DMA0_OVF: DMA 0 overflow
1: The channel 0 circular buffer has overflowed. Reset by writing 1 to this bit.
[0] DMA0_DONE
Set to 1 after inserting the last byte of the stream. This tells the DMA to flush data from the FIFO into
memory.
Reset to 0 by the DMA on completion. This occurs even if no data has been put in the FIFO.

PTI_DMAn_BASE DMA buffer base address
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0x1000/
DMA0BASE
0x1000
0x1004/
DMA1BASE
0x1020
0x1008/
DMA2BASE
0x1040
0x100C/
DMA3BASE
0x1060
Address: PTIBaseAddress + 0x1000, 0x1020, 0x1040 and 0x1060

Type: WO
Description: Each of these registers holds the base address of the DMA buffer for the corresponding
DMA channel. This address must be aligned to a 16-byte boundary, so bits 3 to 0 must
be written as 0. Bits 31 to 30 of this address must be the same as bits 31 to 30 of the
corresponding PTI_DMAnTOP address register. The DMA channel 0 register would be
set up for each PID in the PID data structure in the PTI data memory.
PTI_DMAn_READ DMA buffer read address
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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0x1030
DMA0_READ
0x100C
0x1034
DMA1_READ
0x102C
0x1038
DMA2_READ
0x104C
0x103C
DMA3_READ
0x106C
Address: PTIBaseAddress + 0x100C to 0x106C

Type: R/W except DMA0READ which is write only
Reset: Undefined
Description: Each of these registers holds the read address within the DMA buffer for the
corresponding DMA channel. The address in the register is always a pointer to the next
byte to be read except when the buffer is empty. The pointer must remain between the
addresses defined by the base and top register. The channel 0 register would be
initialized for each PID in the PID data structure in the PTI data shared memory, and an
updated read pointer would be written into the same data structure.
The read pointer is initialized to be equal to the write pointer. As data is read from the
buffer, the hardware updates the read pointer.
For channels 1 to 3, the read pointer is automatically wrapped round, and cannot
overtake the write pointer. On reaching the top pointer address the read pointer wraps
around to continue reading from the base address. If the read pointer is equal to the
write pointer then no data is read.
For channel 0, if the buffer is not being read by any of the DMA channels 1 to 3, then the
ST40 software must perform the checks below.
• If the read address is not less than the top address, then the read address must be
wrapped round to the base address.
• If the read address is equal to the write address then the buffer is empty and data
should not be read.

PTI_DMA0_SETUP DMA channel 0 byte not word mode and block move
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DMA0_WD_N_BURST_MODE
DMA0_BSEL
Reserved
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[31:4] Reserved
[3] DMA0_B_SEL: DMA0 burst select
Sets word burst mode in conjunction with DMA0_WD_N_BURST_MODE; see Table 116 below.
[2:1] Reserved
[0] DMA0_WD_N_BURST_MODE: DMA0 word not burst mode
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Sets word burst mode in conjunction with DMA0_BSEL; see Table 116 below.
Table 116: Word burst mode select
[3] [0]
Word burst mode
DMA0_BSEL DMA0_WD_N_BURST_MODE
0 0 4-word-bursts
0 1 Word-at-a-time
1 0 8-word-bursts
1 1 16-word-bursts

PTI_DMAn_SETUP DMA channels 1 to 3 byte not word mode and block move
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DMAn_BYTE_N_WD_MODE
DMAN_BLOCK_MOVE
Reserved
Address: PTIBaseAddress + 0x1030, + 0x1050 and + 0x1070

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[31:2] Reserved
[1] DMAn_BLOCKMOVE
0: CDADDR remains fixed.
1: CDADDR is incremented after each write. In this mode the CD FIFO mode is off, and so Holdoff and
Writelength are not considered.
[0] DMAn_BYTE_N_WD_MODE: DMAn byte not word mode
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0: Write word-at-a-time 1: Write byte-at-a-time
PTI_DMAn_TOP DMA buffer top address
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0x1010
DMA0_TOP
0x1004
0x1014
DMA1_TOP
0x1024
0x1018
DMA2_TOP
0x1044
0x101C
DMA3_TOP
0x1064
Address: PTIBaseAddress + 0x1004 to 0x1064

Type: WO
Description: Each of these registers holds the top address of the DMA buffer for the corresponding
DMA channel. If the buffer size is not zero then this address must be one less than a
16-byte boundary, so bits 3 to 0 must be written as 1. Bits 31 to 30 of this address must
be the same as bits 31 to 30 of the corresponding DMAn_BASE address register.
For channel 0 only, if the buffer size is zero then this address must be equal to the
corresponding DMAn_BASE address. The DMA channel 0 register would be set up for
each PID in the PID data structure in the PTI data SRAM.

PTI_DMAn_WRITE DMA buffer write address
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0x1020
DMA0_WRITE
0x1008
0x1024
DMA1_WRITE
0x1028
0x1028
DMA2_WRITE
0x1048
0x102C
DMA3_WRITE
0x1068
Address: PTIBaseAddress + 0x1008, + 0x1028, + 0x1048, + 0x1068

Type: WO except DMA0_WRITE which is R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: Each of these registers holds the write address within the DMA buffer for the
corresponding DMA channel. The address in the register is always a pointer to the next
location for a byte to be written. The pointer must remain between the addresses
defined by the base and top registers. The DMA channel 0 register would be set for
each PID in the PID data structure in the PTI data SRAM and an updated write pointer
would be read from the same data structure.
The write pointer is initialized to be equal to the same address as the read pointer. As
data is written into the buffer, the write pointer is updated, and, after reaching the top
pointer address, wraps around to write the next byte at the base pointer address. In the
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case of channel 0 the DMA hardware updates the write pointer, the TC copies this back
to the data SRAM at the end of a packet, and the CPU should read the pointer from the
SRAM. In the case of channels 1 to 3, the write pointer is updated by the TC if channel
0 is writing to the buffer for that channel or by the CPU in the case that the CPU is
writing the data into the buffer.
PTI_DMAn_CD_ADDR Configuration of CD FIFO address for channels 1 to 3
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0x1064
DMA1_CD_ADDR Res.
0x1038
0x1068
DMA2_CD_ADDR Res.
0x1058
0x106C
DMA3_CD_ADDR Res.
0x1078
Address: PTIBaseAddress + 0x1038, + 0x1058, + 0x1078

Type: WO
Reset: Undefined
Description: PTI_DMAn_CD_ADDR gives the address of the corresponding CD FIFO for channels 1
to 3. The addresses must be aligned to a word boundary: the two LS bits are assumed
to be 0. DMAn_CD_ADDR is only defined for MPEG channels (MDC channels).

PTI_DMA_EN DMA enable
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DMA3_EN
DMA2_EN
DMA1_EN
DMA0_EN
Reserved
Address: PTIBaseAddress + 0x101C

Type: WO
Reset: Undefined
Description: This register controls the enabling of the four DMA channels. Disabling channels 1 to 3
does not result in any data being lost inside the DMA controller but data may be lost by
buffer overflow. Disabling channel 0 may result in lost data depending on the input data
rate to the PTI and the length of time that the channel is disabled.
[31:4] Reserved
[3] DMA3_EN: DMA3 enable
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PTI_DMA_FLUSH Flush ready for a soft reset
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DMA_FLUSH
Reserved
Type: PTIBaseAddress + 0x105C

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: 1 is written to DMA_FLUSH when a flush is required. It is reset by writing 0.
37.2 Input interface
PTI_IIF_ALT_FIFO_CNT IIF alternative FIFO count
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved CNT

Type: RO
Reset: Undefined
Description: The number of bytes in the alternative FIFO. This FIFO does not overflow since there is
flow control on its input.

PTI_IIF_ALT_LATENCY IIF alternative output latency
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved LATENCY

Type: WO
Reset: Undefined
Description: The number of byte clock cycles from a transport packet header being latched at input
to data being available at the alternative output.
PTI_IIF_FIFO_CNT IIF count
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
FULL
Reserved CNT

Type: RO
Reset: Undefined
Description:
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[31:8] Reserved
[7] FULL
A full flag which is set when the FIFO becomes full. It is reset when the ST40 reads this register.
[6:0] CNT: Number of bytes in the input FIFO
PTI_IIF_FIFO_EN IIF FIFO enable
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved CNT

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: Allows data into the input FIFO. When this field is zero, the input FIFO is reset. After the
ST40 completes the initialization sequence, it should set this field to 1.
PTI_IIF_SYNC_DROP IIF sync drop
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved DROP_PKT

Type: WO
Reset: Undefined
Description: Number of successive erroneous sync bytes found before the lock is treated as lost.

PTI_IIF_SYNC_CLK IIF sync lock
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved LCK_PCKTS

Type: WO
Reset: Undefined
Description: Number of successive correct sync bytes found before the sync detection is locked.
PTI_IIF_SYNC_CFG IIF sync configuration
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved SYNC
Address: PTIBaseAddress + 0x601C

Type: WO
Reset: Undefined
Description:
[31:2] Reserved
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[1:0] SYNC
00: Default, if SYNC is activated use the internal clock
01: Use SOP
10: Use incoming TS_PKT_CLK
PTI_IIF_SYNC_PER IIF sync period
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved SYNC_PER

Type: WO
Reset: 0xBC
Description:
[31:8] Reserved
[7:0] SYNC_PER: Synchronization period
Specifies the expected number of TS_IN_BYTECLK_PULSE cycles between SYNC bytes.
On reset set to 188.
PTI_IIF_HFIFO_CNT IIF header FIFO count
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved CNT

Type: RO
Reset: Undefined
Description: Number of bytes in the PTI Header FIFO.

37.3 PTI configuration
PTI_CFG PTI configuration
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LOOPBACK_EN
Reserved
D1_SEL
Reserved Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[31:13] Reserved
[12] LOOPBACK_EN: DVB-CI loopback mode
Reserved, do not modify.
[11] Reserved
[10] D1_SEL: D1 on TSIN1
Reserved, do not modify.
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[9:0] Reserved
PTI_AUD_PTS Audio presentation time stamp
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0x0040 AUDPTS[31:0]
AUDPTS[32]
0x0044 Reserved
Address: PTIBaseAddress + 0x0040 and 0x0044

Type: RO
Reset: Undefined
Description: The system time clock (STC) value is latched into this register at the beginning of audio
frame output.
The audio and video PTS registers are used by driver software to synchronize the audio
and video. The time stamps are 33-bit values, so the most significant bit is held at a
separate address.
Note: Because the PTI divides the 27 MHz clock by 300, the PTI_AUDPTS register timebase
is 90 kHz.

PTI_INT_ACKn PTI interrupt acknowledgment
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0x0020 Reserved INT_ACK0

0x002C Reserved INT_ACK3
Address: PTIBaseAddress + 0x0020 to 0x002C

Type: WO
Reset: Undefined
Description: Acknowledge the corresponding interrupt bit when a bit is written as 1.
PTI_INT_ENn PTI interrupt enable
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0x0010 Reserved INT_EN0

0x001C Reserved INT_EN3
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Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: The corresponding interrupt is enabled when a bit is 1.
PTI_INT_STAn PTI interrupt status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0x0000 Reserved INT_STA0

0x000C Reserved INT_STA3

Type: RO
Reset: Undefined
Description: An interrupt is set when any bit of one of these registers is 1. The PTI_INT_STA[3:0]
registers are used by the TC to raise an interrupt to the ST40 by writing 1 to a bit in one
of the registers. Each of the four registers has 16 bits. All 64 bits are ORed together to
produce a single interrupt for the PTI.
Once the TC has set the INT_STA bits to 1, each bit stays set until the interrupt is
acknowledged by the ST40 software by writing 1 to the corresponding bit of the
corresponding PTI_INT_ACK register. An interrupt is masked by writing 0 to the
corresponding enable bit of the corresponding PTI_INT_EN register.

PTI_VID_PTS Video presentation time stamp
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0x0048 VIDPTS[31:0]
VIDPTS[32]
0x004C Reserved
Address: PTIBaseAddress + 0x0048 and 0x004C

Type: RO
Reset: Undefined
Description: The STC value is latched into this register at VSYNC.
The audio and video PTS registers are used by driver software to synchronize the audio
and video. The time stamps are 33-bit values, so the most significant bit is held at a
separate address.
Note: Because the PTI divides the 27 MHz clock by 300, the PTI_VIDPTS register timebase is
90 kHz.
PTI_STC_TIMER Set STC timer
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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0x0050 STCTIMER[31:0]
STCTIMER[32]
0x0054 Reserved
Address: PTIBaseAddress + 0x0050 to 0x0054

Type: WO
Description: These registers, when written, load a new value into the STC timer counter. The load is
performed on the next clock edge of the 27 MHz clock after the write.
The most significant bit of the value to be loaded must be written to the register
containing STC_TIMER[32] before writing to the STC_TIMER[31:0] register, as the
write to the STC_TIMER[31:0] causes the update of the 33-bit counter value.

37.4 Transport controller mode
PTI_TC_MODE Transport controller mode
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
TC_SINGLE_STEP
TC_RST_IPTR
PTI_SW_RST
TC_EN
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: The PTI_TCMODE register allows the ST40 software to control the transport controller.
Under normal operation the software should only set the TC_EN bit to start the TC
executing code.
Resetting the TC instruction pointer
1 Clear the TC_EN bit.
2 Set the TC_RST bit.
3 Clear the TC_RST bit.
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4 Set the TC_EN bit.

[31:4] Reserved
[3] PTI_SW_RST
1: The PTI is completely reset.
Default reset value 0.
[2] TC_SINGLE_STEP
1: Reset TC_EN after each instruction via falling edge on incoming EXECUTING signal
[1] TC_RST_IPTR: Reset the instruction pointer of the TC (level sensitive).
[0] TC_EN
0: Disables the TC disabling instruction fetch: Reading a zero after a single step means the TC has
finished executing the previous instruction.
1: Enables the TC

STx7100 38 Transport stream merger and router
38 Transport stream merger and router
38.1 Overview
The STx7100 supports concurrent transport stream processing of up to three independent
transport streams, using an SRAM-based packet manager and a single PTI. The incoming
transport packets are tagged with source ID and 42-bit time stamp.
The transport stream merger (TSMerger) has the following functionality:
● a bidirectional half-duplex interface that supports 1394 out and transport stream in,
● routes any stream to and from a PTI,
● DVB and DSS packet size support,
● output stream dejittering mechanism,
● 100 Mbits/s 1394 data output (maximum),
● 3:1 stream merger capability at the PTI target using interleaved transport stream packets
with added tagging bytes.
The merger can produce an output stream from the PTI alternate output or the SWTS interface.
The outgoing packets are buffered in the merger and are presented to the output pins using a
dejittering mechanism that compares each packet time stamp with a fixed programmable offset.
Multiplexing in front of the merger block provides a bypass route to allow for CableCARD and
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DVB-CI support.
The PTI alternate output allows the entire transport stream or selected packets to be output
using the merger to an external device such as a digital VCR or IEEE1394 link layer controller.
The output pins can be tri-stated under software control to support low cost DVB-CI
implementations and similar module interfaces.
Also under software control, the transport stream input on TS0IN can be output directly using the
TS2INOUT pins. This is again to support low cost DVB-CI implementations. The returned stream
from the CI module can be input on the TS2 pins (TS2IN).
With this arrangement it is possible to support CableCARD and DVB-CI configurations.
The SWTS interface allows the CPU or FDMA to send transport streams from memory to the
merger for routing to the PTI or to be output via TS2. The SWTS FIFO generates an active high
pacing (request) signal that is routed to the DMA source for flow control. SWTS supports a
throughput of 100 Mbits/s.
The merger block manages two asynchronous input clock domains (TSBYTECLOCK0 AND
TSBYTECLOCK1 from TS0 and TS1 respectively), and generates a local clock derived from the
system clock for the transport stream output TS2. All other interfaces are synchronous with the
system clock.

38 Transport stream merger and router STx7100
Figure 82: System overview
NRSSA module
Serial only PIOs Serial only
STx7100
TS merger
TS_IN0
(or NRSS-A input)
NRSS-A
parallel / serial IN0
interface
OUT0 PTI
*
Alt out
TS_IN1
(or D1 input) IN1
parallel / serial
* IN3 SWTS
IN2
TS_IN2
or TSOUT1394
IN4
(1394 interface)
*
1394
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* These gates controlled by

register SYS_CFG0 Transport
subsystem
Figure 82 shows the three live input streams delivered using three sets of transport stream
interfaces from the pads. Another stream is delivered from the return channel on the PTI (PTI
alternative output). The TSMerger supports parallel or serial streams on the three live stream
interfaces.
On the STx7100, the input pins TS1 are shared pins. This interface can be used for inputting
transport streams for processing by the PTI or for inputting digitized video (D1) conforming to
ITU-R BT 656 for processing by the digital video port (DVP).
Multiplexing and formatting performed around the TSMerger itself are controlled by software via
the system configuration registers. For details, see Chapter 6: System configuration registers
on page 46.

38.2 DVB common interface

In the DVB common interface, each module has an MPEG input port (clock, packet start, valid
data, data bus) and an MPEG output port composed of the same signal. This allows successive
modules to be daisy-chained. The STx7100 supports a chain of two DVB-CI modules.
Figure 83: DVB-CI module chain
TS merger
P or S
i1
DVB-CI 1
TSIN0 o2
P or S Packet
i2 buffer
DVB-CI 2 memory
i5
TSIN1 P or S
i3
P
o1 i4
TSINOUT2
BYPASS_TS SWTS0
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38.3 NRSS-A interface

When receiving an ATSC stream on TS0, the STx7100 can format it and pass it to an external
NRSS-A CA module; this module in turn supplies a descrambled signal TS which goes back to
the STx7100 and is input to the TS Merger in place of the original stream from the TS0 input. The
NRSSA interface is located as an alternative function on the PIOs.
Figure 84: NRSS-A interface
NRSS-A smartcard
PIO 1: bit 5 bit 4 bit 7

TSDataIn TSClock TSDataOut
NRSSA_EN
NRSS-A
NRSS-A
TSin0
P or S

38.4 Input examples

Figure 85: Basic ATSC STB with NTSC input
P or S
ATSC receiver TS0
STx7100
P
NTSC decoder TS1
Figure 86: Satellite/cable system
P or S
ATSC receiver TS0
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STx7100
P
NTSC decoder TS1
P or S
Primary TS2
satellite or
cable receiver

Figure 87: Multi-tuner DVR satellite/cable system with NTSC and ATSC receivers
P or S
ATSC receiver
TS0
STx7100
2nd sat/cab
receiver DVR P or S
TS1
P
NTSC decoder
Primary P or S
satellite or TS2
cable receiver
Figure 88: Japan (with 1394 and optional DVR)

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Primary P
BS4 receiver TS0
STx7100
P
BS4 receiver
for DVR TS1
For dual receiver DVR
P
1394 LLC
P
TS2

Figure 89: HD Open Cable with D1
CableCARD
P
Cable receiver TS0
STx7100
P
NTSC decoder TS1
TS2
Figure 90: HD Open Cable with D1 and full duplex 1394

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CableCARD
P
Cable receiver TS0
STx7100
P
NTSC decoder TS1
P
1394 LLC
P
TS2

38.5 Architecture
Figure 91: Block diagram
TS0IN
TSIS Output block
1394
1394 FIFO
TS1IN
TSIS
To PTI
TS2IN Input FSM
TSIS merge
SWTS
PTI ALT OUT
From PTI
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Input Output
control control
Free running Programmable
counter counters
STBus block
Config
SWTS FIFO SRAM
SWTS_REQ
FDMA STBus interface

38.6 Transport stream formats

Transport streams arrive in many forms which the TS merger must deal with correctly. In order to
do this each stream has a number of configuration bits which must be set correctly in order to
attain the desired outcome. In the following sections a number of scenarios describe how the
TS merger stream configuration bits affect TS merger functionality.
38.6.1 Off-chip live streams from FECs

Four bits in the TSM_STREAMn_CFG register control the configuration.
● Serial or parallel: The default is serial.
● Synchronous or asynchronous data: TSIS_SYNC_NOT_ASYNC is 1 if the data is

synchronous, that is valid high for all bytes in the packet (including the start of packet byte).
If the transport stream has the first byte of the packet with valid low and start of packet high,
use asynchronous mode to allow the start of packet signal to be registered.
Figure 92: TSIS_SYNC_NOT_ASYNC functionality
SOP
TSIS_SYNC_NOT_ASYNC = 0 VALID
SOP DATA
F8
47
05
82
13
04
VALID TS merger
DATA SOP
F8
47
05
82
13
04
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VALID
TSIS_SYNC_NOT_ASYNC = 1 DATA
F8
05
82
13
04
● Byte-aligned: TSIS_ALIGN_BYTE_SOP is used with serial transport streams. When this
bit is set to 0 the TSIS continues to take in bytes irrespective of where the PACKETCLK
goes high. When this bit is set high then the PACKETCLK is examined and the first bit of the
serial packet is put in to the MSB position of the outgoing parallel transport stream. The
advantage of having this bit high is that the start-of-packet is detected and the stream
leaving the TSIS is byte-aligned, negating the use of sync lock and drop further down
stream.
Figure 93: TSIS_ALIGN_BYTE_SOP functionality
SOP
TSIS_ALIGN_BYTE_SOP = 1
VALID
SOP DATA
47
VALID
1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 DATA[7] TS merger
SOP
TSIS_ALIGN_BYTE_SOP = 0 VALID
TSIS_ALIGN_BYTE_SOP = 0 DATA
D1
TSIS_ALIGN_BYTE_SOP = 1
Byte boundaries
Half-full register thrown away
● Start-of-packet detection: Enables the sync lock and drop mechanism on this stream
when the stream is played back from HD.

Note: The SOP_TOKEN in TSM_STREAMn_SYNC is reset to 0x47, but can be changed. The value of
the start-of-packet token which is inserted into the stream is the value held within this register
field.
Figure 94: TSIS_ASYNC_SOP_TOKEN functionality
SOP
TSIS_ASYNC_SOP_TOKEN = 1
VALID
SOP DATA
F8
47
05
82
04
13
VALID TS merger
DATA
1D
F8
05
82
13
04
SOP
VALID
TSIS_ASYNC_SOP_TOKEN = 0
DATA
1D
F8
05
82
13
04
● BYTECLK inversion: When INV_BYTECLOCK is high, the BYTECLK goes through an
inverter cell.
38.6.2 SWTS
SWTS playback data is sent across the STBus and into the TS merger. The data contains no
other information about the stream. It is assumed that every byte arriving into the SWTS register
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is valid data and that there are no erroneous packets (there is no error signal to specify this). A
repeating start of packet token (for example 0x47) is expected in order to reproduce a start-of-
packet signal. The remaining role of the TS merger is to reproduce the transport packet at the
correct frequency so there is little jitter and the playback of the video is correct. There are two
mechanisms for doing this. One way is to use the counter value placed within the packet. The
TS merger holds a packet in the SRAM until a programmable counter reaches the value of the
three lower counter bytes held in the packet header. Once the value is reached by the
programmable counter the packet can be sent on to the destination. While the current packet is
held, the SWTS data continues to send data from the next packet and store it in the SRAM.
When the SRAM circular buffer is full data propagation stops and no more DMA requests are
made. This allows the SWTS pacing to be controlled by hardware instead of software.
Data flow control

To set up the hardware SWTS data flow control mechanism, set PACE_MODE_SEL in
TS_SWTS_CFG to 1. If however the SWTS does not contain the four bytes of ID and counter
stamp then the SWTS can be configured by setting up a pace counter value within the
TS_SWTS_CFG register. This number refers to the number of system clock cycles between data
bytes on the SWTS. In order to control data flow using the software pace register, the
PACE_MODE_SEL bit must be set to 0. If the SWTS does not have the counter bytes in its
header then it cannot self-pace and as soon as a packet is completed within the SRAM the
packet is sent to the target (PTI or 1394 device).
A similar mechanism exists for PTI alternate output data. A channel exists through the
TS merger for PTI return data. The user must select which PTI to connect this to and this is
handled by the PACE_MODE_SEL bit in TSM_PTI_ALT_OUT_CFG.

38.7 Packet buffering

A large SRAM collects transport data and builds up transport stream packets before merging to
their destination. Each stream needs a portion of the RAM in order to build up its packets and this
needs to be configured before data is received at the memory.
The method of setting this is to use the RAM_ALLOC_START field in TSM_STREAMn_CFG
which defines the start address of the RAM for each stream. The amount of memory assigned to
a stream depends on its start address and the next streams start address.
The TS merger uses an SRAM to store packets before merging them to the destination (for
example the PTI). The SRAM is split into a number of circular buffers (FIFOs) of limited size. The
recommended size of these buffers is:
● live: 640 bytes,
● SWTS and PTIALT: 384 bytes.
Packets only leave the buffer once the destination has completed previously-scheduled packets
in a queue. This means that the buffer must be large enough to hold one packet plus any extra
transport data arriving while the packet is stored. The space required therefore increases as the
number of streams to a single destination increases, that is 3:1 rather than 2:1.
If the FIFO circular buffer is about to overflow the hardware takes action to delete the
uncompleted packet and begins to store again from the next packet start. In this instance, some
packets may be lost. This scenario should not occur in a well-configured system and the
described mechanism is the cleanest way of getting out of the overflow condition.
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38.8 Transport stream inputs

To use the TS merger, the transport streams must be modified so the PTI can distinguish
between sources. An example is where a live stream is received from TS0IN and sent to the PTI,
which stores the stream on to the hard disk. The stream is then read from the hard disk using
SWTS0 (stream 3) and the software stream is also sent to the PTI. The PTI distinguishes
between the live stream and the software stream. Section 38.8.1 describes how this happens.
38.8.1 Packet tags

When a packet is injected into the TS merger, the start of the packet is identified and extra bytes
can be placed after the start of packet byte when ADD_TAG_BYTES is set to 1 in
TSM_STREAMn_CFG, see Figure 96. The structure of the tagging bytes is shown in Figure 95.
Six tagging bytes are inserted after the first byte of a packet. The first of the tag bytes contains
the four-bit source ID, encoded as shown in Table 117. When sending live data through the
TS merger, tagging should always be set, and distinguishing between tagged and nontagged
data is simple (known set-up). However, reading transport streams off disk is more difficult,
because it is unknown whether the packets contain the tagging bytes. The MS bit of the ID tag
byte is set to 1 as this indicates that the stream has tag bytes added. If there are no tag bytes
added then this byte is the second byte of the transport packet and the MS bit of this byte is a
transport error indicator. No packets with this bit set are recorded to disk.

Table 117: ID encoding
Stream
Stream name I3 I2 I1 I0
number
0 TS0IN 0 0 0 0
1 TS1IN 0 0 0 1
2 TS2IN 0 0 1 0
3 SWTS0 0 0 1 1
4 PTI_ALT_OUT 0 1 0 0
The five following bytes contain a counter stamp reference which is used during autopaced
playback, explained in Section 38.9.2: Delaying outgoing packets on page 354.
Figure 95: Tag bytes
1 0 I3 I2 I1 I0 C41 C40 C39 C32 C31 C24
C23 C16 C15 C8 C7 C0

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Enable packet tagging

This register bit enables the packet tagging function. When high, an additional 6 bytes are placed
within the stream, an ID byte which indicates which stream the packet is from (important for the
PTI for context switching), and 5 bytes of a free running counter stamp (which is used to dejitter
streams off disk or from the PTI).
Figure 96: ADD_TAG_BYTES functionality
SOP
ADD_TAG_BYTES = 1
VALID
SOP DATA
C1
C4
C2
C0
C3
F8
05
82
04
47
13
ID
VALID TS merger
DATA
F8
05
82
13
04
47
SOP
VALID
ADD_TAG_BYTES = 0
DATA
F8
47
05
82
04
13
Not all streams require the ADD_TAG_BYTES field to be set because streams coming back from
hard disk that have already been through the TS merger when they were live and already have
the ID and counter bytes inserted. Having ADD_TAG_BYTES set for this type of stream causes
an extra six bytes to be inserted.
Streams that have already been sent through the TS merger once, for example SWTSs, do not
require additional bytes to be placed in their headers, however the stream must be modified to
update the ID field.
Setting stream ID
REPLACE_ID_TAG in TSM_STREAMn_CFG replaces the second byte in the packet with the
stream ID. If the incoming stream had not had the six extra bytes inserted originally then the
substitution still goes ahead, corrupting the first or second byte of data.

38.8.2 Sync lock and drop

The sync lock and drop mechanism is used to detect start of packets when the start of packet
signal is not present. Each stream can have different configuration and is defined by the
TSM_STREAMn_SYNC register. The mechanism searches for a byte value within the stream
defined by the SOP_TOKEN field. Once found, the mechanism waits for PKT_LEN (bits 31 to 16)
bytes and tries to identify the SOP_TOKEN in the expected placement. If SOP_TOKEN appears
again then the process continues for SYNC (bits 3 to 0) packets. Once SYNC packets are
located, the stream is locked and, together with a start of packet signal, is sent to SRAM for
storage. If a SOP_TOKEN is missing from the stream and the stream is not locked then the
mechanism searches for the next occurrence of SOP_TOKEN and starts the process again. If a
SOP_TOKEN byte is missing for DROP times (bits 7 to 4) in succession and the stream is
locked, then the stream becomes unlocked and a new sync lock process begins.
To use the PACKETCLK signal instead of the sync lock and drop mechanism, set SYNC to 0000.
38.9 Transport stream output

The output block of the TS merger uses the TSM_1394_DEST and TSM_PTI_DEST registers to
decide where source streams are sent.
38.9.1 1394 output configuration

The 1394 interface allows transport stream data to be sent to and received from an external
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device. An example use of the 1394 ports would be to connect to a chip which interfaces to a
digital video camera or to a chip which interfaces to an external hard disk.
The 1394 output stream can be configured in a number of ways. The data leaving the TS merger
can be setup on the falling edge of the 1394 input BYTECLK or an internal clock can be
generated using the 1394_PACE field in TS_1394_CFG. Outgoing 1394 packets can be stripped
of any tagging bytes by setting 1394_REM_TAG_BYTES to 1.
38.9.2 Delaying outgoing packets

The free running counter and programmable counters are each split into two fields. The lower 9
bits are incremented using a 27 MHz clock and count from 0 to 299. Instead of moving from 299
to 300, the lower 9 bits roll over to 0, and the upper 15 bits (programmable counters) or 33 bits
(free running counter) are incremented. For the free-running counter, this results in a 33-bit
counter being effectively clocked at 90 kHz, which the PTI requires.
The role of the programmable counters is to delay the outgoing transport stream packets so that
they resemble the original transport stream as closely as possible (that is, jittering is reduced).
When an original stream goes through the transport stream merger an ID tag and 42 bits of free-
running counter can be inserted into the header of the stream. When this stream is played back,
the counter value is examined and the packet is allowed to be read from SRAM only if the lower
three bytes of the programmable counter associated with the stream reaches the lower three
bytes of the header counter value. The effect is that the reproduced stream should be dejittered.
The counters can be initialized in two ways:
● Software can write the value of the counter into the counter register.
● Hardware can automatically start the counter at the correct point (for the first packet in a
stream, it sets the programmable counter to the header counter value and sends the packet
to the destination).
When using the software method TSM_PROG_CNTn.AUTO_CNT should be set to 0.
TSM_STREAMn_STA.CNT_VAL holds the currently waiting packet header counter value so that
the programmable counter can be set to this figure. When AUTO_CNT = 1 and CNT_INIT = 0
then the programmable counter is set to the value of the waiting packet header counter value.

Once set, CNT_INIT is set to 1. To reinitialize the counter at any point the CNT_INIT field can be
set to 0 to force hardware reinitialization. Software can change the programmable counter value
at will; this does not affect the behavior of CNT_INIT or AUTO_CNT.
The playback speed is set by the CNT_INC field, for example 1 for normal playback, when the
counter is incremented by 1 every 27 MHz, 2 for x 2 playback (twice every 27 MHz). If the
counters are not required (for example there is no counter value to match in the header) then the
CNT_INC value should be set to 0.
38.9.3 Dejittering mechanism

The dejittering mechanism can be broken if the latency within the transport stream merger PTI
route is too variable. The following example demonstrates this process.
Missing programmable counter 2 slot

1. A live stream is injected using TS0IN and tagging bytes are added to each packet header.
These packets are sent to the PTI where they are processed and returned back to the
transport stream merger to be sent dejittered to the 1394 ports.
2. Counter 2 is autoinitialized to the first packet header counter value and sends the packet to
1394.
3. The third packet is delayed longer than average in transport stream merger PTI and is
returned later than expected, by which time the programmable counter 2 has reached a
value of 1500 (missing the 1375 slot).
4. The third packet has to wait for counter 2 to roll over and reach 1375 before it can be sent on
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to the 1394. The result of this is one (or more depending upon the size of the circular buffer
assigned to stream 8 in SRAM) very delayed packet and a large number of missing packets.
This problem has two solutions.
● Reprogram programmable counter 2
After receiving the first packet from the PTI, wait an amount of time and reprogram
counter 1 to a smaller value. This allows larger amounts of latency to be absorbed by
transport stream merger as it appears to transport stream merger that the subsequent
packets are arriving earlier from the PTI.
● Edit the packet header counter values
The TC can reprogram the header counter values so that it appears to transport stream
merger that the packets are able to be sent on later.

Figure 97: Breaking the dejittering mechanism
TSMerger PTI
TS packet
TS0IN
Free running counter Latency
1394OUT TS packet
Programmable counter 2
0 µs 1 µs 2 µs 3 µs 4 µs 5 µs 6 µs 7 µs 8 µs 9 µs 10 µs 11 µs 12 µs 13 µs
Problem:
TSIN
FR counter 125 750 1375 2000 2625 3250
PTI ALT OUT

Prog. counter 1 125 750 1375 2000
1394 out
Latency
Packets miss counter 2 slot and have to wait
for counter to roll over... Loss of data....
Solution1:
PTI ALT OUT
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Prog counter 1 125 125 750 1375 2000

1394 Out Counter 2 reprogrammed
Solution2:
PTI ALT OUT
Prog counter 1 125 750 1375 2000
Header counter value
1394 out Increased for all packets
except first

38.9.4 Stream status

Each stream has a status register (TSM_STREAMn_STA) with the following fields:
CNT_VAL (counter value)
This field is the counter value held within the header of the packet that is next in the queue to be
delivered to its destination. The purpose of having this visibility is that the software can check the
header value and adjust the programmable counter accordingly if any misalignment occurred and
the packet is holding up the stream unnecessarily.
ERR_PKTS (erroneous packets)

For every packet that is received with the PACKETERROR signal high on the first byte of the
packet ERRONEOUS_PACKETS is incremented. The register counts the number of packets
which are erroneous due to the PACKETERROR signal being high.
RAM_OVF (RAM overflow)

RAM_OVERFLOW indicates that the RAM circular buffer has overflowed. This should not occur
with SWTS or PTI return streams in AUTO_PACE mode. If an overflow is detected then the
packet that could not be completed is removed from within RAM and the hardware waits for the
next start of packet and starts storing that. The worst case RAM_OVF scenario is that a packet
may be lost. No half packets arrive at the PTI.
IN_FIFO_OVF (input FIFO overflow)

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IN_FIFO_OVF indicates that bytes of data could not be loaded into the input FIFO because the
FIFO was already full. This results in shorter packets arriving at the destination or that sync lock
is lost. In order to combat this occurrence, the stream arbitrator which decides which stream to
process each cycle, looks at each FIFO level and the most full FIFO gets priority. If two FIFOs
are equally full then the PRIORITY field decides between the tied FIFO levels. For high data rate
streams, priority should be set to a high value (for example 1111) and low data rate streams
should be programmed with a low priority (for example 0000), as the lower data rate stream is
less likely to overflow than a high data rate stream.
STREAM_LCK (stream lock)

Indicates that the stream is allowed to continue to RAM because there is either successful sync
lock or PACKETCLK signal is used to identify packets.

39 Transport stream merger and router registers STx7100
39 Transport stream merger and router registers
Register addresses are provided as:

TSMergerBaseAddress + offset.
The TSMergerBaseAddress is:
0x1924 2000.
Table 118: Register summary
TSM_STREAM0_CFG Input stream TSIN0 configuration 0x0000 R/W
TSM_STREAM0_SYNC Input stream TSIN0 synchronization 0x0008
TSM_STREAM0_STA Input stream TSIN0 status 0x0010 RO
Reserved - 0x0018 -

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Reserved - 0x0038 -
Reserved - 0x0058 -
TSM_STREAM3_CFG Software transport stream 0 configuration 0x0060 R/W
TSM_STREAM3_SYNC Software transport stream 0 synchronization 0x0068
TSM_STREAM3_STA Software transport stream 0 status 0x0070 RO
Reserved - 0x0078 -
TSM_STREAM4_CFG PTI alternate output stream configuration 0x0080 R/W
TSM_STREAM4_SYNC PTI alternate output stream synchronization 0x0088
TSM_STREAM4_STA PTI alternate output stream status 0x0090 RO
Reserved - 0x0098 - 0x01F8 -
TSM_PTI_SEL Select stream sources for PTI 0x0200 R/W
TSM_1394_SEL Select stream sources for 1394 output 0x0210
Reserved - 0x0218 - 0x03F8 -
TSM_PROG_CNT0 Programmable counter 0 for SWTS0 0x0400 R/W
TSM_PROG_CNT1 Programmable counter 1 for PTI alternate output 0x0410
Reserved - 0x0418 - 0x05F8 -
TSM_SWTS_CFG SWTS configuration 0x0600 Mixed
Reserved - 0x0610 - 0x07F8 R/W
TSM_PTI_ALT_OUT_CFG PTI alternate output configuration 0x0800 R/W

STx7100 39 Transport stream merger and router registers
Table 118: Register summary
TSM_1394_CFG 1394 port configuration 0x0810 R/W
TSM_SYS_CFG System configuration 0x0820 R/W
TSM_SW_RST Software reset 0x0830 R/W
TSM_SWTS Data for SWTS 0x10B E000
See also Chapter 6: System configuration registers on page 46, registers SYS_CFG0 and
SYS_CFG1.
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TSM_STREAMn_CFG Stream n configuration
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
TSIS_SYNC_NOT_ASYNC
TSIS_ALIGN_BYTE_SOP
TSIS_ASYNC_SOP_TOK
TSIS_SER_NOT_PAR
RAM_ALLOC_START
REPLACE_ID_TAG
ADD_TAG_BYTES
INV_BYTECLK
STREAM_ON
Reserved PRI Reserved
Address: TSMergerBaseAddress + 0x0000, 0x0020, 0x0040, 0x0060, 0x0080

Type: R/W
Reset: 0 (TSIS_SERIAL_NOT_PARALLEL: 1)
Description:
[31:20] Reserved
[19:16] PRI: Stream priority
0000: Lowest priority 1111: highest priority
The priority should be set according to data rate of the stream. Higher priority should be given to streams with
higher data rates.
[15:13] Reserved
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[12:8] RAM_ALLOC_START
The RAM is separated into 64-byte words; this field designates the lowest word that is allocated to stream x.
[7] STREAM_ON: Gate the transport stream
This register bit stops transport data propagating to the SRAM before the circular buffers are setup.
If the stream is from off-chip, the byte clocks are disabled when this bit is low. If the stream is from the PTI
alternate outputs or from SWTS, the FIFO enables are disabled when this bit is low.
[6] REPLACE_ID_TAG
Controls whether the packet second byte is replaced with a new ID field, for use with SWTS or PTI alternative
output streams where the original ID is pointing to the source live stream ID.
[5] ADD_TAG_BYTES: Controls whether the stream header includes 6 bytes of ID and counter value
[4] INV_BYTECLK: Sense of the incoming BYTECLKs
0: The live stream BYTECLK is not inverted 1: The live stream BYTECLK is inverted.
[3] TSIS_ASYNC_SOP_TOKEN: TSIS async SOP token
1: The TSIS replaces the first byte of each packet with the value held in the SOP_TOKEN register. This
function is included in order to make DSS and DVB streams appear similar for the PTI.
[2] TSIS_ALIGN_BYTE_SOP
This bit is only valid for live input streams in serial mode and is ignored for live parallel stream, SWTS and PTI
alternate outputs.
0: TSIS builds up bytes bit by bit, until 8 bits are collated and sends out a byte.
1: TSIS looks at start of packet signal and starts a new byte with the data associated with this flag. The
previous byte is aborted in this instance.
[1] TSIS_SYNC_NOT_ASYNC
This bit is only valid for live input streams and is ignored for SWTS and PTI alternate outputs.
0: TSIS is in asynchronous mode. Asynchronous mode assumes all bytes with either valid high or
PACKETCLK high are valid.
1: TSIS is in synchronous mode. Synchronous mode assumes all bytes with valid high are valid.
[0] TSIS_SER_NOT_PAR: TSIS serial not parallel
This bit is only valid for live input streams and is ignored for SWTS and PTI alternate outputs.
0: TSIS is in parallel mode. 1: TSIS is in serial mode.

TSM_STREAMn_SYNC Stream n synchronization
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PKT_LEN SOP_TOKEN DROP SYNC

Type: R/W
Reset: See below
Description:
[31:16] PKT_LEN
Expected packet size in bytes, that is, a start of packet token should be found every PKT_LEN bytes.
Reset: 0000 0000 1011 1100 (0xBC)
[15:8] SOP_TOKEN
Start of packet token to be sought when not using the start-of-packet signal (that is using sync lock and
drop). Reset: 0100 0111 (0x47)
[7:4] DROP
Number of start of packet tokens to be missing from the expected placement in a locked stream before
the stream is unlocked and data transfer to the PTI is aborted.
If the start of packet signal is to be used as the start of packet detection mechanism then this bit field
should be set to 0000. Reset: 0000
[3:0] SYNC
Number of start of packet tokens to be identified in the correct place before the stream is locked and
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passed on to the PTI.

If the start of packet signal is to be used as the start of packet detection mechanism then this bitfield
should be set to 0000. Reset: 0000

TSM_STREAMn_STA Stream status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
STREAM_LCK
IN_FIFO_OVF
ERR_PKTS
RAM_OVF
CNT_VAL

Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description:
[31:8] CNT_VAL
Indicates the lower 24 bits of counter value in the header of the next packet waiting in RAM for nonlive
stream. This is only valid for PTI alternate output streams and software transport streams. This allows
software to know what value to program the programmable playback counters.
[7:3] ERR_PKTS
Counts the number of packets thrown away due to errors. This does not include packets thrown away
due to bad check sum and it only includes packets where the error signal is high for the first byte of the
packet.
[2] RAM_OVF: RAM overflow
0: Indicates that the RAM block has not overflowed.
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1: Indicates that the RAM block has overflowed at some point and is sticky.
[1] IN_FIFO_OVF: Input FIFO overflow
0: Indicates that the input FIFO has not overflowed.
1: Indicates that the input FIFO has overflowed at some point and is sticky.
[0] STREAM_LCK
0: Indicates that a sync lock and drop stream is not locked.
1: Indicates that a stream is locked when using sync lock and drop or that the stream is using packet
clocks for start of packet detection.

TSM_PTI_DEST PTI stream destination
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
STREAM_4
STREAM_3
STREAM_2
STREAM_1
STREAM_0
Reserved
Address: TSMergerBaseAddress + 0x0200

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[31:5] Reserved
[4] STREAM_4
0: Stream 4(PTI_ALT_OUT) does not go to the PTI 1: Stream 4(PTI_ALT_OUT) goes to the PTI
[3] STREAM_3
0: Stream 3 (SWTS0) does not go to the PTI 1: Stream 3 (SWTS0) goes to the PTI
[2] STREAM_2
0: Stream 2(TS2INOUT) does not go to the PTI 1: Stream 2 (TS2INOUT) goes to the PTI
[1] STREAM_1
0: Stream 1 (TS1IN) does not go to the PTI 1: Stream 1 (TS1IN) goes to the PTI.
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[0] STREAM_0
0: Stream 0 (TS0IN) does not go to the PTI 1: Stream 0 (TS0IN) goes to the PTI.
TSM_1394_DEST 1394 interface stream destination
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
STREAM_4
STREAM_3
STREAM_2
STREAM_1
STREAM_0
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[31:5] Reserved
[4] STREAM_4
0: Stream 4(PTI_ALT_OUT) does not go to the 1394 interface
1: Stream 4(PTI_ALT_OUT) goes to the 1394 interface
[3] STREAM_3
0: Stream 3 (SWTS0) does not go to the 1394 interface.
1: Stream 3 (SWTS0) goes to the 1394 interface
[2] STREAM_2
0: Stream 2(TS2INOUT) does not go to the 1394 interface
1: Stream 2 (TS2INOUT) goes to the 1394 interface
[1] STREAM_1
0: Stream 1 (TS1IN) does not go to the 1394 interface
1: Stream 1 (TS1IN) goes to the 1394 interface
[0] STREAM_0
0: Stream 0 (TS0IN) does not go to the 1394 interface
1: Stream 0 (TS0IN) goes to the 1394 interface

TSM_PROG_CNTn Program counter
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
AUTO_CNT
CNT_INITI
CNT_INC
Reserved
CNT_VAL
Address: TSMergerBaseAddress + 0x0400, 0x0410

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Control and read programmable counter 0; used to dejitter SWTS0 (n=0) and PTI
alternate output (n=1).
[31:28] CNT_INC: Counter increment step
Used to define increment step of the counter for each 27 MHz rising edge detected. This allows trick
modes to be used with the counter dejittering mechanism. Setting this value to 0 means that the counter
value in the header is not checked and that the counter is not incremented.
[27:26] Reserved
[25] CNT_INIT: Counter initialized
Only used when AUTO_CNT = 1
Transport stream merger sets this bit to 1 when the counter is initialized to a value of the counter in the
first packet of a stream within RAM. Setting this bit to 0 reinitializes the counter to that of the counter in
the first waiting packet in RAM,
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[24] AUTO_CNT: Automatic counter

This bit defines the method of counter initialization.
0: The counter is used whatever is in the field CNT_VAL.
1: the counter is automatically set to the value in the header of the first packet in a stream.
[23:0] CNT_VAL: Counter value
Set the programmable counter value when store operation and read the current counter value with a load
operation.

TS_SWTS_CFG SWTS configuration
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PACE_MODE_SEL
SWTS_REQ_TRIG
SWTS_REQ
Reserved
Reserved
PACE_CYCLES

Type: Mixed
Reset: 0
Description:
[31] SWTS_REQ: Software request
This bit is asserted when at least half of the FIFO is empty. The software request stays asserted until the
FIFO is over half-full. Read-only bit.
[30:28] Reserved
[27:24] SWTS_REQ_TRIG
Valid range 0000 to 1111. The SWTS request signal (O_SWTS_REQ) is high when the fill level falls below
(SWTS_REQ_TRIG * 16) bytes. Trigger levels are 0, 16, 32, 64, 96 up to 224, 240, 256 bytes.
[23:17] Reserved
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[16] PACE_MODE_SEL: Select pace mode of the SWTS data

0: Controlled by the 16 bits of the SWTS_PACE field.
1: Controlled by room in FIFOs and RAM circular buffers.
[15:0] PACE_CYCLES: Number of cycles between enable pulses for the SWTS data FIFO. If the FIFO is empty
then the edge still occurs but the valid signal is not active.
Note: The pace field refers to byte frequency not word frequency.
TSM_PTI_ALT_OUT_CFG PTI alternate output configuration
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
OUT_AUTO_PACE
Reserved PACE_CYCLES

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[31:17] Reserved
[16] PACE_MODE_SEL: Select pace mode of the PTI alternative output data requests
0: Controlled by the 16 bits of the OUT_PACE field.
1: Controlled by room in FIFOs and RAM circular buffers.
[15:0] PACE_CYCLES: Number of cycles between enable pulses on the PTI alternative output interface

TS_1394_CFG 1394 port configuration
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
REM_TAG_BYTES
CLK_SEL
DIR
Reserved PACE

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[31:19] Reserved
[18] REM_TAG_BYTES: 1394 remove tagging bytes
0: Outgoing stream is unmodified.
1: Outgoing stream has four bytes removed after start of packet byte.
[17] DIR: 1394 direction out not in
0: 1394 data ports are set to input.
1: 1394 data ports are set to output
[16] CLK_SEL: 1394 Clock selection
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0: Selects the incoming I_1394_BYTECLK port as the clock with which to synchronize data output.
1: Selects an internally generated clock as a clock source for 1394 clock pad.
[15:0] PACE: 1394 Pace
Defines the divide ratio of CLK_SYS that the 1394 port produces to clock data out.
Only used if 1394_CLKSRC = 1
TS_SYS_CFG System configuration
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SYS_HALT
BYPASS
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
Note: Read and write accesses to the configuration registers are always allowed.
[31:3] Reserved
[2] SYS_HALT: Pause system
No read or write accesses to the central SRAM are allowed causing the system to halt.
0: The system is active.
1: The system is halted.
[1:0] BYPASS: Control bypass mode
See encoding below (the bit order is “<bit1><bit0>”):
00: The system route data through the SRAM and exhibit the full functionality of the TS merger
01: Behavior undefined.
10: The system is in bypass mode and routes the output of TSIS0 into the PTI.
11: The system is in bypass mode and routes the output of SWTS0 FIFO to the PTI directly.

TS_SW_RST Software reset
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SW_RST_CODE
SW_RST_LCK
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: SW_RST_CODE: 0, SW_RST_LCK: 1
Description:
[31] SW_RST_LCK: Software reset lock
This controls access to the SW_RST_CODE to minimize an accidental software reset occurring. The lock
bit must be reset in a different access to the access that sets SW_RST_CODE.
[30:4] Reserved
[3:0] SW_RST_CODE: Software reset code
If this 4-bit field is set to 0110 (0x6) when SW_RST_LCK = 0 then a software reset signal is pulsed for
one CLK_SYS cycle, after which the SW_RST_CODE field returns to 0000 and SW_RST_LCK returns
high.
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TSM_SWTS Data for SWTS
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Address: TSMergerBaseAddress + 0x010B E000

Type:
Reset:
Description:

STx7100
Part 6
Video
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STx7100 40 Digital video port (DVP) input
40 Digital video port (DVP) input
Video data enters the device through a standard-definition interface, the digital video port (DVP),
which is described in this chapter.
Figure 98: Video input interface
Hsync, Vsync and clock

(VIDINHSYNCIN, VIDINVSYNCIN YCbCr
and VIDINCLKIN)
SD interface
SD data Ancillary data
(VIDINDATAIN[7:0])
40.1 Features
The main DVP features are:
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● ITU-R BT.601 / 656 compliance, 525/60i 720x480, 625/50i 720x576 nominal formats.
● Support for SQ pixel video, 525/60i 640x480, 625/50i 768x576.
● External sync support for video streams that do not provide embedded code words
(SAV/EAV protocol).
● Video data is captured into the system local memory, in YCbCr4:2:2 raster format
(compatible with 2D-blitter as well as with the GDP display).
● User-defined capture window to select a subregion within the active area of the incoming
video.
● Generic ancillary data capture processor (SMPTE291M, ITU-RBT-1364), in a paged circular
buffer, for post-processing by a host CPU.

40 Digital video port (DVP) input STx7100
40.2 Video decoder

The frame architecture for an ITU-R BT.656 or ANSI/SMPTE 293M-1996 compliant video is
shown in Figure 99. Y, Cb, Cr are multiplexed at twice the pixel rate on an 8-bit bus, according to
a 4:2:2 sampling pattern
Figure 99: Interlaced video format derived from ITU-R BT.656
External HSI (optional)
Embedded H flag
EAV SAV
TF_VBLK
Top field blanking
HBLK
TF_VAV
HAV
Top field active video

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BF_VBLK
Bottom field blanking
External VSI (optional)
Embedded V flag
Embedded F flag
BF_VAV
Bottom field active video
EAV........... End of active video

SAV........... Start of active video
HBLK........ Horizontal blanking
HAV.......... Horizontal active video
TF_VBLK.. Top field vertical blanking
TF_VAV..... Top field vertical active video
BF_VBLK.. Bottom field vertical blanking
BF_VAV.... Bottom field vertical active video
Note: HSI and VSI are shown as active-high signals, but active-low signals are also supported

An SAV and EAV header is made of four consecutive codewords, FF-00-00-XY: a codeword of all
ones, two codewords of all zeros and a codeword including F (top field/bottom field), V (blanking/
active), H (horizontal) and P3, P2, P1, P0 which are parity bits. The fourth codeword (XY)
depends on the value of F, V and H; see Table 119
Table 119: XY codeword
bit 3 = P3
bit 2 = P2
bit 1 = P1
bit 0 = P0
bit 4 = H
bit 5 = V
bit 6 = F
bit 7 = 1
SAV
EAV
XY
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0x80 x
1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0x9D x
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0xAB x
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0xB6 x
1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0xC7 x
1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0xDA x
1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0xEC x
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0xF1 x
● SAV sequence is identified with H = 0 and EAV with H = 1.

● F and V can only change during EAV.
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● Bit 7 is always set to 1.

Table 120 shows typical frame/field parameters for popular SD formats.
Table 120: ITU-R BT656 parameters for 525/60i and 625/50i formats
Standard Parameter Size Units

ITU-R BT.656 PixClk frequency 13.5 MHz
525-line interlaced EAV 4 PixClk2X cycles
SAV 4
HBLK 268
HAV 1440
TF_VBLK 19(23) lines
BF_BLK 19(22)
TF_VAV 244(240)
BF_VAV 243(240)
ITU-R BT.656 PixClk frequency 13.5 MHz
625-line interlaced EAV 4 PixClk2X cycles
SAV 4
HBLK 268
HAV 1440
TF_VBLK 24 lines
BF_BLK 25
TF_VAV 288
BF_VAV 288

40 Digital video port (DVP) input STx7100
There are no restriction on the values of the different parameters. The interface must support
customized 656-like format: for example, 525 lines with 511 active lines (256 top + 255 bottom),
or square pixel formats (640 x 480 active area or 768 x 576 active area), and so on.
The only limitation is the PixClock2X highest frequency: 29.5 MHz
The 8-bit multiplexed luma/chroma bus scheme is shown in Figure 100.
Figure 100: 4:2:2 multiplex scheme: byte ordering
One line (active line = n pixels)
Blanking codewords
EAV
SAV
EAV
0x80/0x10/0x80/0x10.... Active video data
Cbn-2
Crn-2
0x10
0x80
0x10
Cb0
Cb2
Cb4
Yn-2
Yn-1
Cr0
Cr2
Cr4
XY
XY
FF
FF
00
00
Y0
Y1
Y2
Y3
Y4
00
00
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1st pixel Pix2 Pix4 Pix(n-2)

Pix0
Pix1 Pix3 Pix(n-1)
● The first active pixel (pix0) is always a complete YCbCr pixel. The last active pixel (pixn) is
nominally a Y-only pixel, but DVP must support external chroma decoders that generate a
variable number of pixels per line (with a very poor quality analog source for instance).
● More generally, even-indexed pixel are YCbCr pixel (24 bits), odd-indexed pixel are Y-only
pixel (8 bits). Average pixel size is 16-bit.
● Y nominal range is 16 .. 235 (black to white), 1 .. 254 is the valid range that can be
supported by the DVP module.
● The Cb and Cr nominal range is 16 .. 240. 1 .. 254 is the valid range that can be supported
by the DVP module.
● 0 and 255 are reserved words, forbidden as valid video data.
● XY parity errors are detected and corrected when possible.

40.3 Ancillary data decoder1

The ancillary data can be captured in a circular paged-buffer in external memory. The size of this
buffer is defined by two registers: DVP_ABA (ancillary data base address), and DVP_AEA
(ancillary data end address).
When the ancillary data capture process is enabled, any incoming packet is captured; the code
identification is not taken into account and no filtering is done, as this parameter varies from one
chroma decoder to another for the same kind of VBI data.
Note: The capture state machine is reset on the internal DVP VRef event. This means that:
- no ancillary data capture can be done during the first four lines of the vertical blanking interval.
- the CPU will have to identify the data once it is stored in the memory buffer. The CPU will either
discard or decode a packet.
Two possible schemes can be used for managing the circular paged-buffer:
● All pages have a fixed size, as specified in register DVP_APS (ancillary data page size).
The software handling is quite simple, but it cannot manage consecutive adjacent packets
(some data may be lost). It can address basic (more common) applications, with only one or
no packets per line. The page must be greater than the biggest expected packet (generally,
of teletext data).
Initially, the first byte location of each page in the buffer must be set to 0 by the CPU, and
sets a track pointer on the first page. Then, on each DVP Vsync interrupt, the CPU checks
whether a new data packet has been received, by checking the first location of the page
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currently pointed by the track pointer. If the byte value is 0, no new packet has been
captured. If the value is 0xFF (the first value captured is always the second 0xFF byte of the
header), then a new packet is there. The CPU must process this packet (it discards the
packet or posts a message to another driver depending on the identification code), and
reset the first byte location of the page. Then it jumps to the next page, repeats the
operation, and so on until a 0 value is found as a first byte. Once that occurred, the track
pointer is finally updated for the next Vsync interrupt.
● The current page size always reflects the exact size on the current packet.
The length of the packet is extracted from the header (in 32-bit word units, from the sixth
byte of the header {6 LSBs}), and the exact number of bytes is captured. Consecutive
packets can be supported. In that case, the first byte to be captured is always the second
0xFF of the header, and the last byte to be captured is the checksum value (this hardware
version does not control the checksum value).
1. See specifications (SMPTE291M, ITU-RBT-1364).

41 Digital video port (DVP) registers STx7100
41 Digital video port (DVP) registers
Register addresses are provided as DVPBaseAddress + offset.

The DVPBaseAddress is:
0x1924 1000.
Table 121: DVP register summary
DVP_CTRL DVP control 0x00 R/W
DVP_TFO X-Y top field offset 0x04
DVP_TFS X-Y top field stop 0x08
DVP_BFO X-Y bottom field offset 0x0C
DVP_BFS X-Y bottom field stop 0x10
DVP_VTP Video top field memory pointer 0x14
DVP_VBP Video bottom field memory pointer 0x18
DVP_VMP Video memory pitch 0x1C

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DVP_CVS Captured video window size 0x20
DVP_VSD Vertical synchronization delay 0x24
DVP_HSD Horizontal synchronization delay 0x28
DVP_HLL Half line length 0x2C
Reserved - 0x30 - 0x94 -
DVP_ITM Interrupt mask 0x98 R/W
DVP_ITS Interrupt status 0x9C RO
DVP_STA DVP Status 0xA0
DVP_LN_STA Line number status 0xA4
DVP_HLFLN Half lines per vertical field 0xA8 R/W
DVP_ABA Ancillary data base address 0xAC
DVP_AEA Ancillary data end address 0xB0
DVP_APS Ancillary data page size 0xB4
Reserved - 0xB8 - 0xF8 -
DVP_PKZ Maximum packet size 0xFC R/W

STx7100 41 Digital video port (DVP) registers
DVP_CTRL DVP control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
VALID_ANC_PAGE_SIZE_EXT
VSYNC_BOT_HALF_LINE_EN
SYNCHRO_PHASE_NOTOK
ODDEVEN_NOT_VSYNC
ANCILLARY_DATA_EN
MIX_CAPT_PRE_REQ
MIX_CAPT_PHASE
EXTENDED-1_254
BIG_NOT_LITTLE
EXT_SYNC_POL
MIX_CAPT_EN
H_REF_POL
V_REF_POL
EXT_SYNC
DVP_RST
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
VID_EN
PHASE
Address: DVPBaseAddress + 0x00
Type: R/W
Buffer: Double-buffered: update on DVP V_INIT event, except if indicated by ** (immediate)
Reset: 0x8008 0000
Description: Provides the operating mode of the DVP pipe, for the current capture
If this register contents change, it must be loaded after all others registers have been
loaded. After a hard reset, all registers must be loaded before DVP_CTRL, then
DVP_RST must be cleared to be able to take into account synchronization inputs
(external and embedded).
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[31] DVP_RST
0: Synchro inputs enabled
1: Synchro input disabled (either external or embedded)
[30:24] Reserved
[23] BIG_NOT_LITTLE
0: Memory data in little endian format
1: Memory data in big endian format
[22:20] Reserved
[19] MIX_CAPT_PRE_REQa: Mix capture pre-request
0: No compositor capture
1: Compositor capture enabled
Note: This unbuffered signal allows VTG_HREF, VTG_VREF and VTG_PIX2_CK to be taken into
account as input signals.
[18] MIX_CAPT_EN
0: No compositor capture
1: Compositor capture enabled
Note: this double buffered signal allows starting compositor capture at the beginning of field.
[17] MIX_CAPT_PHASE
0: Compositor data resynchronized with positive edge of pixel clock
1: Compositor data resynchronized with negative edge of pixel clock
[16] EXTENDED-1_254a
0: Input clipping range: 16/235 for luma and 16/240 for chroma
1: Input clipping range: 1/254 for both luma and chroma
[15] SYNCHRO_PHASE_NOTOKa
0: External vertical and horizontal synchronization signals are presumed to be in phase to initialize a top
field
1: External vertical and horizontal synchronization signals may be out of phase, in this case the vertical
synchronization signal must be earlier or later than horizontal synchronization signal with a maximum of
1/4 of line length
[14] Reserved

[13] VALID_ANC_PAGE_SIZE_EXT
0: ANC_PAGE_SIZE extracted from ancillary data bit[5:0] from header sixth byte
1: ANC_PAGE_SIZE given by DVP_APS register
[12:10] Reserved
[9] ODDEVEN_NOT_VSYNCa
0: In external sync mode, vertical reference is a Vsync signal
1: In external sync mode, vertical reference is an odd/even signal
[8:7] PHASE: First pixel signification of capture window during 8-bit video data capture
phase[7] = 0 first pixel is complete (CB0_Y0_CR0)
phase[7] = 1 first pixel is not complete (Y1)
phase[8] = 0 number of pixel to capture is even
phase[8] = 1 number of pixel to capture is odd
[6] V_REF_POLa: Vref polarity
0: The negative edge of VREF (if bit[4]=1) is taken as reference for the vertical counter reset.
1: The positive edge of VREF (if bit[4]=1) is taken as reference for the vertical counter reset
Note: In EAV/SAV mode, (bit[4] = 0). the positive edge is always active but the normal rising edge of V is
phased with the next active edge of H to respect the top field configuration
[5] H_REF_POLa: Href polarity
0: The negative edge of HREF (defined by bit[4]) is taken as reference for the horizontal counter reset.
1: The positive edge of HREF (defined by bit[4]) is taken as reference for the horizontal counter reset
[4] EXT_SYNCa: External sync

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0: Extract the H/V/F reference sync flags from embedded EAV/SAV codes
(H becomes HREF, V becomes VREF)
1: Use external HSI/VSI signals as sync reference (HSI becomes HREF, VSI becomes VREF )
[3] VSYNC_BOT_HALF_LINE_EN
0: VSOUT starts at the beginning of the last top field line
1: VSOUT starts at the middle of the last top field line
[2] EXT_SYNC_POLa: External synchronization polarity
0: negative for both horizontal and vertical (no meaning if EXT_SYNC= 0)
1: positive for both horizontal and vertical
[1] ANCILLARY_DATA_EN
0: No ancillary data is captured
1: Ancillary data is captured into the device local memory
[0] VID_EN
0: No video data is captured
1: Video data is captured into the device local memory
a. Bits not double buffered (taken into account when loaded by CPU). Others bits are validated by
vertical synchronization signal.

DVP_TFO X-Y top field offset
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved YDO Reserved XDO
Address: DVP BaseAddress + 0x04

Type: R/W
Buffer: Double-buffered, update on DVP V_INIT event
Reset: 0x000 0000
Description: Provides the x, y location of the viewport top-left pixel for the top field, with respect to the
(0,0) origin of the incoming video, as defined in the control register.
[31:28] Reserved
[26:16] YDO: Y location for the first line of the viewport (top), with respect to field numbering
[15:13] Reserved
[12:0] XDO: X location for the first pixel of the viewport (left), in sample unit
DVP_TFS X-Y top field stop
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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Reserved YDS Reserved XDS

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Provides the x, y location of the viewport bottom-right pixel for the top field, with respect
to the (0,0) origin of the incoming video, as defined in the control register.
[31:28] Reserved
[26:16] YDS: Y location for the last line of the viewport (bottom), with respect to field numbering
[15:13] Reserved
[12:0] XDS: X location for the last pixel of the viewport (right), in sample unit

DVP_BFO X-Y bottom field offset
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Address: DVP BaseAddress + 0x0C

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Provides the x, y location of the viewport top-left pixel for the bottom field, with respect
to the (0,0) origin of the incoming video, as defined in the control register.
[31:28] Reserved
[26:16] YDO: Y location for the first line of the viewport (top), with respect to field numbering
[15:13] Reserved
[12:0] XDO: X location for the first pixel of the viewport (left), in sample unit
DVP_BFS X-Y bottom field stop
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Provides the x, y location of the viewport bottom-right pixel for the bottom field, with
respect to the (0,0) origin of the incoming video, as defined in the control register.
[31:28] Reserved
[26:16] YDS: Y location for the last line of the viewport (bottom), with respect to field numbering
[15:13] Reserved
[12:0] XDS: X location for the last pixel of the viewport (right), in sample unit
DVP_VTP Video top field memory pointer
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
64MB_BANK ADDRESS

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Contains the memory location for the top field first pixel to be stored (top-left corner).
[31:26] 64_MBYTE_BANK: 64 MByte bank number
[25:0] ADDRESS: Top field first pixel byte address, in the selected 64 MByte bank
Note: the whole captured video frame must be totally included into the same bank.

DVP_VBP Video bottom field memory pointer
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
64MB_BANK ADDRESS

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Contains the memory location for the bottom field first pixel to be stored (top-left corner).
[25:0] ADDRESS: Bottom field first pixel byte address, in the selected 64 MByte bank
Note: the whole captured video frame must be totally included into the same bank.
DVP_VMP Video memory pitch
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RESERVED PITCH_VAL

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Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Contains the memory pitch for the captured video, as stored in the memory.
[31:13] Reserved
[12:0] PITCH_VAL: Memory pitch for the captured video.
Note: the pitch is the distance inside the memory, in bytes, between two vertically adjacent
pixels within a field

DVP_CVS Captured video window size
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
BOT_SIZE_RELATION
Reserved TOP_VID_WINDOW_HEIGHT Reserved PIXMAP_WIDTH

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Provides the size of the displayed pixel map attached to the viewport.
[31:30] BOT_SIZE_RELATION
00: bottom size equals top size
01: bottom size equals top size plus 1
10: bottom size equals top size minus 1
[31:28] Reserved
[26:16] TOP_VID_WINDOW_HEIGHT
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Pixmap height, in lines, being defined as the number of lines that must be read from memory for the
current field in an interlaced display
[31:28] Reserved
[10:0] PIXMAP_WIDTH: Pixmap width in pixels

DVP_VSD Vertical synchronization delay
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved VSYNC_V_BOT_DLY Reserved VSYNC_V_TOP_DLY

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Provides the delay (in number of lines) between the input original vertical reference (VSI
or embedded synchronization V signal), and the vertical reference provided by the DVP
to the VTG.
Details (VSYNC_H_DLY value is given in DVP_HSD register; see next register,
DVP_HSD):
TOP FIELD:
VSYNC_H_DLY is the delay of vsout from sample counter clear,
VSYNC_V_TOP_DLY is the delay from line counter clear;
The total delay from sample counter clear is:
VSYNC_H_DLY + VSYNC_V_TOP_DLY * NUM_SAMPLES_PER_LINE
BOTTOM FIELD:
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External synchronization or
(internal synchronization with VSYNC_BOT_HALF_LINE_EN = 0):
VSYNC_H_DLY is the delay of VSOUT in samples units from external vertical
synchronisation input.
VSYNC_V_BOT_DLY is the delay from line counter clear;
the total number of samples delay from vertical synchronization input is:
VSYNC_H_DLY + VSYNC_V_BOT_DLY * NUM_SAMPLES_PER_LINE
internal synchronization with VSYNC_BOT_HALF_LINE_EN = 1 this delay becomes:
VSYNC_H_DLY + VSYNC_V_BOT_DLY * NUM_SAMPLES_PER_LINE +
HALF_LINE_LEN
to provide VSOUT on bottom field at the middle of last line of top field
Note: 1 VSYNC_V_TOP_DLY and VSYNC_V_BOT_DLY values must be lower than the number of lines
per field
2 This register is not double buffered (VSYNC_V_TOP_DLY and VSYNC_V_BOT_DLY are taken
into account when loaded by the CPU)
[31:28] Reserved
[26:16] V_BOT_DLY: Vertical delay for bottom field, in lines
[15:11] Reserved
[10:0] V_TOP_DLY: Vertical delay for top field, in samples

DVP_HSD Horizontal synchronization delay
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved VSYNC_H_DLY Reserved HSYNC_H_DLY

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Provides the size of the horizontal delay of HSOUT:
HSYNC_H_DLY is the delay of hsout in samples units from the sample counter clear
signal
VSYNC_H_DLY is the delay of VSOUT in samples units from the sample counter clear signal
(see DVP_VSD).
Note: HSYNC_H_DLY and VSYNC_H_DLY values must be lower than the number of
samples per line.
Note: This register is not double buffered (VSYNC_V_TOP_DLY and VSYNC_V_BOT_DLY
are taken into account when loaded by the CPU).
[31:29] Reserved
[28:16] VSYNC_H_DLY: Horizontal delay of HSOUT, expressed as number of 27 MHz samples
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[15:13] Reserved
[12:0] HSYNC_H_DLY: Horizontal delay of hsout, expressed as number of 27 MHz samples (see DVP_VSD)
DVP_HLL Half line length
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved HALF_LINE_LEN

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Provides the number of samples for in a half line. (This is used internally to have
VSOUT shifted one half line after HSOUT, in embedded synchronization mode when
VSYNC_BOT_HALF_LINE_EN = 1 in the control register).
Note: This is equivalent to the number of pixels per line.
[31:28] Reserved
[11:0] HALF_LINE_LEN: Half line length, in samples

DVP_ITM Interrupt mask
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
VSB
VST
Reserved Reserved
Address: DVPn BaseAddress + 0x98

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Any bit set in this register enables the corresponding interrupt in the DVP_IRQ line. An
interrupt is generated whenever a bit in the DVP_STA register changes from 0 to 1 and
the corresponding mask bit is set.
DVP_ITS Interrupt status
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
VSB
VST
Reserved Reserved
Address: DVPn BaseAddress + 0x9C

Type: RO
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Reset: 0
Description: When a bit in the DVP_STA register changes from 0 to 1, the corresponding bit in this
register is set, independent of the state of DVP_ITM. If any set bit is unmasked, the line
DVP_IRQ is asserted. The reading of DVP_ITS clears all bits in that register. When
DVP_ITS is zero, the DVP_IRQ line is deasserted.
DVP_STA DVP Status
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
VSB
VST
Reserved Reserved
Address: DVPn BaseAddress + 0xA0

Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description: Any change from 0 to 1 of these bits sets the corresponding bit of the DVP_ITS register,
and can thus potentially cause an interrupt on DVP_IRQ line. VST and VSB are pulses
and are unlikely ever to be read as a 1.
[31:5] Reserved
[4] VST: Vsync top
Set for a short time at the beginning of the top field, corresponding to the falling edge of the internal
BNOTT signal.
[3] VSB: Vsync bottom
Set for a short time at the beginning of the bottom field, corresponding to the rising edge of the internal
BNOTT signal.
[2:0] Reserved

DVP_LN_STA Line number status
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved LINE_NUM_STA
Address: VTG BaseAddress + 0xA4

Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description: This register is loaded on VTG VREF output signal (vertical synchronization) with the
value of DVP line counter
DVP_HLFLN Half lines per vertical field
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved HLFLN
Address: VTG BaseAddress + 0xA8

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
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Description: This register specifies the number of half lines per vertical period.
This value is used when the bit SYNCHRO_PHASE_NOT_OK is set, then the vertical
synchronization is forced to be in phase with the horizontal synchronization signal to
generate a top field, the external vertical signal is ignored.
DVP_ABA Ancillary data base address
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
64_MBYTE_BANK ANC_DATA_ADDR Reserved
Address: DVP BaseAddress + 0xAC

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: The DVP ancillary data base address register contains the memory location for the first
ancillary data page. The buffer must be aligned on a 128-bit word address boundary.
[25:4] ANC_DATA_ADDR: Base address for the ancillary data buffer, in the selected 64 MByte bank
[3:0] Reserved: Write 0

DVP_AEA Ancillary data end address
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
64_MBYTE_BANK ANC_DATA_ADDR Reserved
Address: DVP BaseAddress + 0xB0

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Contains the last memory location for the ancillary data buffer (128-bit word address,
then the address counter wraps to the base address location).
[31:26] 64_MBYTE_BANK: 64 MByte bank number (programmed value must match the DVP_ABA bank)
[25:4] ANC_DATA_ADDR: Base address for the ancillary data buffer, in the selected 64 MByte bank
[3:0] Reserved: write 0
DVP_APS Ancillary data page size
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved PAGE_SIZE Reserved

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Address: DVP BaseAddress + 0xB4

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Provides the size in bytes, of the memory page used for a single ancillary data packet.
The size granularity is 16 bytes, the maximum size is 4096 bytes.
[31:12] Reserved
[11:4] PAGE_SIZE: Memory size allocated to an ancillary data packet
[3:0] Reserved: write 0
DVP_PKZ Maximum packet size
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved PKT_SIZE
Address: DVP BaseAddress + 0xFC

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Controls the maximum size of a data packet during an STBus transaction. Must be set
to 0.
[31:3] Reserved
[2:0] PKT_SIZE: Maximum packet size during an STBus transaction
000: Message size 011: 4 STBus words
001: 16 STBus words 100: 2 STBus words

42 MPEG2 video decoder STx7100
42 MPEG2 video decoder
42.1 Overview
The STx7100 contains a real-time MPEG1 and MPEG2 video decoder. The decoder is compliant
with the main profile at high level specified in ISO/IEC 11172_2 and ISO/IEC 13818-2.
As a picture (frame or field) decoder, the MPEG2 video decoder needs CPU support for each
picture.
When a decoding task is launched by the CPU, the MPEG2 video decoder starts to read the
video elementary stream stored in an external memory through the interconnect. The area in
memory where the stream is stored is called the bit buffer. The decoded picture is reconstructed
(written in external memory) in macroblocks (MBs). Each area in memory where a decoded
picture is stored is called a frame buffer.
An interrupt informs the CPU when decode is completed or when a problem occurs. The decoder
stops automatically when:
● all macroblocks have been decoded and it has found a start code different from a slice start
code, or
● when it has reached a programmed read limit.
The MPEG2 video decoder supports three extra features which are not part of the MPEG2
standard:
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● overwrite mode, see Section 42.5.3: Picture decoding configuration on page 396,
● possible simplified B decoding, see Section 42.5.7: Simplified B decoding on page 403,
● error statistics, see Section 42.5.6: Error statistics on page 402.
42.2 Main functions

Figure 101 shows the video decoder in a typical environment.
Figure 101: MPEG2 video decoder in the STx7100
Transport
stream DDR
Blitter
PTI LMI
STBus
MPEG2 GDP GDP

Displays
FDMA CPU video
decoder compositor
Clock
recovery HD DACs SD DACs HDMI
HD out SD Out TDMDS Out

STx7100 42 MPEG2 video decoder
Figure 102 shows an example of dataflow around the MPEG2 video decoder at the system level.
Figure 102: System video data flow
External DDR memory
Input transport stream

PTI PES buffer
PES
video
IRQ
FDMA
CPU Video ES
IRQ ES video bit buffer
MPEG2
decoder
Main & aux MPEG

Pictures
frame buffer
displays
DVP Pictures D1 frame buffer

(D1 SD in)
HD analog out
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HD digital out VOS Blitter

Graphics Gfx buffers
Compositor
HDMI out
SD analog out
● The PTI extracts the packet of elementary streams (PES) video from the input stream and
sends them into the external memory through the interconnect.
● The PES are read back by the FDMA to extract the video elementary stream (ES). Each
part of the stream corresponding to a picture is written into memory in video linear picture
bit buffers.
● The ES is read by the MPEG2 video decoder, decoded and reconstructed into frame
buffers.
● Frame buffers are accessed by display(s).

42.3 Buffer organization

There are two types of buffer in the MPEG2 decoder:
● bit buffer: area in external memory where the bitstream is stored,
● frame buffer: area in external memory in which decoded pictures are stored.
42.3.1 Bit buffer organization

The FDMA writes the ES of each picture in external memory. Each picture ES may be stored
linearly anywhere in the memory.
The use of VID_BBS and VID_BBE is optional. It allows a memory area to be defined in which
ES can be wrapped (see Figure 103).
Figure 103: Bit buffer organization

increment
Address
VID_BBS (bit buffer start)

End of ES 2
VID_VLDPTR
SC (variable length decoder read pointer)
ES 0
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ES stream of picture 0
Picture
start codes SC ES stream of picture 1
ES 1 Fake start code to stop
SC variable length decoder read
VID_VLDRL
SC (variable length decoder read limit)
Wrapped ES Start of ES 2
stream of picture 2 VID_BBE (bit buffer end)
External memory
When a decode is launched, the variable length decoder reads data until it reaches a start code
different from a slice start code. It can be the picture start code of the subsequent picture, or a
fake start code added at the end of the picture to stop the variable length decoder. The variable
length decoder read process can also be stopped with VID_VLDRL (see Stream pointers for
variable length decoder read access on page 397).

42.3.2 Frame buffer organization

The video decoder stores both frame and field pictures in frame buffers, the size of which are
dependent on picture size/resolution and decimation factors (see the LumaBufferSize and
ChromaBufferSize equations below). However a frame is reconstructed (whether as one frame
picture or two field pictures), the final buffer has the same frame organization. When a frame
picture is reconstructed, the whole buffer is filled. When a field picture is reconstructed, half the
buffer is filled. The other half is filled after the second field is reconstructed.
Figure 104 shows an example of a frame buffer with an odd width and height (3 x 3
macroblocks).
Figure 104: Frame buffer organization, mapping of 3 x 3 macroblocks
Luma frame pointer (LFP) Chroma frame pointer (CFP)

LFP CFP
0 0
LFP + 256 bytes CFP + 128 bytes
3 1
1 3
4 4
2 2
Address increment
Address increment
...
...
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5 6
6 Row 0 0 1 2 5
NU Row 1 3 4 5 NU
7 Row 2 6 7 8 7
NU Frame picture (YUV) 8
8 Macroblock number NU
(frame picture) Unused
memory area
NU NU
Where there is an odd number of vertical or horizontal macroblocks, memory is wasted, and this
has to be taken into account when allocating memory space for frame buffers.
The formulas below give the size of frames buffers depending on macroblock width and height:
● LumaBufferSize = MBwidth x ((MBheight + 1) DIV 2) x 512
● ChromaBufferSize = ((MBwidth + 1) DIV 2) x ((MBheight + 1) DIV 2) x 512
where DIV corresponds to the integer part of a division, so x DIV y = integer part of (x/y)
A luminance macroblock (Y) contains 16 words of 128 bits. Inside this macroblock, data is
grouped by field and stored in the order:
● left part of top field,
● right part of top field,
● left part of bottom field,
● right part of bottom field.
A description is given in Figure 105.

Chroma macroblock (Cb + Cr) data contains 8 words of 128 bits. The chroma macroblocks are
stored in the same order as luma data (as listed above) but a word of 128 bits contains 8 bytes of
Cr data and 8 bytes of Cb data. A description is given in Figure 106.
Figure 105: Y macroblock storage
Top field Macroblock luma base address

One Y frame macroblock
Add = 0 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Add = 4
oooooooooooooooo
Add = 1 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Add = 5 Add = 0
oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Add = 1
oooooooooooooooo Add = 2 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Add = 6 Add = 2
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx oooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooo Add = 3 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Add = 7 Add = 3
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx oooooooooooooooo Add = 4
oooooooooooooooo Add = 5
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Add = 7
oooooooooooooooo
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Bottom field Add = 8
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Add = 8 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Add = C Add = A
oooooooooooooooo
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Add = 9 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Add = D Add = B
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Add = C
Add = A xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Add = E
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Add = D
Add = B xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Add = F Add = E
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Add = F
word[127:120] & .......................... & word[71:64]
1 word = 128 bits

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xxxxxxxx 1 word = 16 pixels

xxxxxxxx
Add = 4 LSB of bus address

word[63:56] & .......................... & word[7:0]
Figure 106: Cr/Cb macroblock storage
Macroblock chroma base address

Frame Cb block Top field Frame Cr block
Top field
oooooooo oooooooo
oooooooo Add = 0 o o o o o o o o Add = 2 Add = 0 Add = 0 o o o o o o o o Add = 2
oooooooo oooooooo
xxxxxxxx oooooooo
oooooooo Add = 1 o o o o o o o o Add = 3 Add = 1 o o o o o o o o Add = 3 xxxxxxxx
Add = 1 oooooooo
xxxxxxxx Add = 2 xxxxxxxx
oooooooo Add = 3 oooooooo
xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
oooooooo Add = 4 x x x x x x x x Add = 6 Add = 4 Add = 4 xxxxxxxx Add = 6
oooooooo
xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx Add = 5 xxxxxxxx Add = 7 xxxxxxxx
Add = 5 x x x x x x x x Add = 7 Add = 5 xxxxxxxx
Add = 6
Bottom field Add = 7 Bottom field
1 word = 128 bits
word[127:120] &.......... & word[95:88] & word[87:80] &.......... & word[71:64]:

Cb Cr
xxxxxxxx 1 word = 16 pixels = 8 Cb pixels + 8 Cr pixels.
xxxxxxxx
word[63:56] &.......... & word[39:32] & word[31:24] &.......... & word[7:0]:
Add = 3 LSB of bus address

Address calculation in frame buffer

Macroblock position to address formula
MBnb = MB number (from 0 to frame_size - 1)
MBrow = MB row (from 0 to frame_height - 1)
= MBnb DIV frame_width
MBcol = MB column (from 0 to frame_width - 1)
= MBnb MOD frame_width
Luma base address of the macroblock (MBrow, MBcol)
YMBba = Luma macroblock base address
= ((MBrow DIV 2) x frame_width + MBcol) x 512 +
(MBrow MOD 2) x 256
Chroma base address of the macroblock (MBrow, MBcol)
CMBba = Chroma macroblock base address
= (((MBrow DIV 2) x frame_width + MBcol) DIV 2) x 512 +
(MBrow MOD 2) x 256 +
(((MBrow DIV 2) x frame_width + MBcol) MOD 2) x 128
Address to macroblock position formula
For Luma:
MBrow = ((address DIV 512) DIV frame_width) * 2 + ((address DIV 256) MOD 2)
MBcol = (address DIV 512) MOD frame_width
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For chroma
If ((frame_width MOD 2) = 1) AND (((address DIV 512) MOD frame_width) = (frame_width DIV 2))
then
MB_row= (((address DIV 512) * 2) DIV frame_width) * 2 +
((address DIV 256) MOD 2) +
((address DIV 128) MOD 2) * 2
else
MB_row= (((address DIV 512) * 2) DIV frame_width) * 2 +
((address DIV 256) MOD 2)
end if
MBcol = (((address DIV 512) * 2) + ((address DIV 128) MOD 2)) MOD frame_width
42.3.3 Memory requirement

Video decoding requires a large amount of external memory for frame buffers and bit buffers.
The exact need depends on the application.
Frame buffers
The maximum size of a frame buffer, for HD PAL pictures (1920 x 1152 pixels), is 26.55 Mbits
(17.7 Mbits for luma frame buffer and 8.85 Mbits for chroma frame buffer, see Section 42.3.2 for
details).
A minimum of three frame buffers is required to decode field pictures. A minimum of four is
needed for frame pictures. The overwrite feature allows only three frame buffers to be used even
with frame-encoded pictures.
For trick modes (slow, normal or fast, backward or forward play), the number of frame buffers is
much higher, depending on the speed of the decoder and the required quality of fluidity.

Bit buffer
The memory need in terms of bit buffer is application dependant. The constraint imposed by the
standard (ISO 13818-2 annex C), called video buffering verifier (VBV) can be applied on the ES
or on the PES buffer. If it is applied on the PES buffer, the application must take into account the
PES headers’ size.
42.4 Video decoding tasks

The decoding of a single picture is known as a task. It is specified by the task instruction set up
before the decoding of each picture in register VIDn_TIS.
Figure 107: MPEG2 video decoder block diagram
STBus
DISP_GH2_ROW_NB
Bus interface
Motion
IRQ
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Variable compensation
unit Pipe Controller
NOT_RST length
end
decoder
Pipeline
MPEG2 video decoder
42.4.1 Controller
The control of decoding tasks is managed by the controller block. The controller block:
● holds the VID_EXE register to execute a decoding task and manages its synchronization on
both clock domains,
● holds the VID_SRS register to do a soft reset,
● provides a set of interrupts which gives the status of the decoding process.
42.4.2 Variable length decoder

The variable length decoder is the first stage of the decoding pipeline. The bitstream is read from
the bit buffer into the variable length decoder FIFO.
The variable length decoder performs the following functions:
● variable length decodes the slice layer, macroblock layer and block layer,
● decodes the macroblock address increment and process skipped macroblock,
● decodes the motion vectors and delivers them to the motion compensation unit,
● detects bitstream errors and conceals corrupted and missing data (see Section
42.5.5: Error recovery on page 399),
● provides the number and the location of corrupted macroblocks in the picture (see Section
42.5.6: Error statistics on page 402).
The variable length decoder is launched by the VID_EXE register for each picture to be decoded:

When the variable length decoder is launched with a pointer defined in bytes, processing starts
at the exact byte location, but the data sent to the variable length decoder in its FIFO is aligned
on a 128 bytes burst, that is the eight LSBs of the pointer are ignored for memory access.
The variable length decoder may be launched with a pointer not aligned with a picture start code.
The internal state machine of the variable length decoder, when a decoding task is launched, is
to search only for slice start codes. When the first slice start code is detected, processing starts
(Figure 108).
During the decoding task the variable length decoder FIFO requests data when there is space for
one burst, that is when the FIFO is up to half full.
Figure 108: Variable length decoder processing possible pointer position for good behavior
Gop start code Picture start code Slice start codes Picture start code
Slice start Read limit

code
bitstream
Position of the pointer Variable length

where the variable length decoder processing VID_STA.DID is set
decoder may be launched
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The variable length decoder enters in an idle state at the end of the decoding process when it
detects a start code different from a slice start code. If there is no start code at the end of the
picture in memory, the start code may be inserted by the application software at the very end of
the picture. If no start code has been found, then the variable length decoder automatically stops
on the read limit pointer (VID_VLDRL). Analyzing the bitstream after the end of a picture (when
no start code is present) is not recommended because the variable length decoder may find
other slice start codes and generate an overflow error (DOE interrupt).
42.4.3 MPEG2 pipeline

The variable length decoder sends run length coefficients to the MPEG2 pipeline. The pipeline
processes the six blocks of every macroblock in the following order: Y0, Y1, Y2, Y3, Cb and Cr
(refer to MPEG2 2 standard, ISO 13818-2, Macroblock structure). The pipeline performs run
length decoding, inverse zig-zag, inverse quantization and the inverse DCT. It holds a set of two
quantization tables (intra and nonintra).
42.4.4 Motion compensation unit

In parallel, the motion compensation unit computes the predictors. Predictors are fetched from
the appropriate reference frame buffer and processed according to the macroblock type and the
motion vectors sent by the variable length decoder. When the macroblock is an intra macroblock,
no predictor is fetched. For nonintra macroblocks, four bursts of data are always read per
direction (forward or backward), two for luminance data and two for chrominance data. A luma
burst is always 15 words of 128 bits, and all words belong to the same field. A chroma burst is
always nine words of 128 bits and all words belong to the same field. The motion compensation
unit does not compute the predictor addresses in the reference picture. This task is performed by
the bus access controller.

42.4.5 Pipe end

Finally, macroblocks are reconstructed by the pipe end, by adding coefficients from the pipe and
the predictors from the motion compensation unit. Then macroblocks are sent to the
reconstructed frame buffer through the bus access controller and the interconnect.
42.4.6 Bus access controller

The bus access controller performs read and write accesses to the frame buffers and read
accesses to the bit buffers. It receives requests from the blocks, computes the addresses
corresponding to the requests, arbitrates the requests and finally performs the memory access
on the STBus. For prediction accesses, the bus access controller receives motion vectors and
the macroblock type from motion compensation unit.
The STBus interface is used to read the bit buffer for the variable length decoder, for the
prediction and the reconstruction processes. The packet size is programmable through register
CFG_VIDIC. If R_OPC flags an error during a transaction, the CPU is interrupted with bit
VID_STA.ROPC.
42.5 Video decoding
42.5.1 Control of decoding

The control is performed by the CPU. The CPU launches the decoder one picture at a time.
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Decoding performed without error

The normal sequence is described below.
1. hardware reset,
2. general configuration of the MPEG2 video decoder (see General configuration on
page 396),
3. picture decoding configuration (see Picture decoding configuration on page 396),
4. launch decoding by writing in VID_EXE LSBYTE.
5. loop to action 3 on a DID (decoder idle) interrupt.
See description of VID_STA in Chapter 43: MPEG2 video decoder registers on page 404 for
more details on interrupts).

Figure 109: Software and hardware interactions
MSE then DID

Legend:
DUE then DID
Software action:
Check
decoding Hardware
6 DOE then DID
DID reset
1
Hardware General Picture Write Interrupt:

reset config decoding
1 VID_EXE DOE
2 config 3 4
R_OPC VLDRL
Normal
Software Software Other external sequence
dependant reset event
7 5
Abnormal cases
This covers decoding tasks that end by an interrupt different from DID or that is interrupted by a
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software reset. See below all the different cases and the possible software action.
● DOE interrupt
For overflow errors, the decoder can be programmed for the next decoding task, no reset or
specific action is needed. The software may decide whether to display the decoded picture.
● DUE interrupt
For underflow errors, the decoder can be programmed for the next decoding task, no reset
or specific action is needed. The software may read debug registers (6) to decide to display
or not the decoded picture.
● MSE interrupt
For syntax or semantic errors the decoder can be programmed for the next decoding task,
no reset or specific action is needed. The software may read the error statistic registers
(VID_MBEx) registers (6) to decide whether to display the decoded picture.
● VLDRL interrupt
The decoder has reached the read limit without having completed the decoding task and is
in an unknown state. A soft reset (5) must be performed before executing the next decoding
task.
● R_OPC interrupt
Software decides what to do (7).

● Other external event
Software can decide to interrupt the decoding task at any time for several reasons: for
example a channel switch or the decoding task is too long (overtime or overrun). The
current decoding task can be interrupted at any time by a software reset (5).
Note: It is not recommended to write in VID_EXE during a decoding task, that is, when
VID_STA.DID = 0, because the current and the next decoding tasks may fail. To execute a
decoding task correctly while another one is still active, STMicroelectronics recommends
stopping the current one by writing to VID_SRS.

42.5.2 General configuration

The general configuration consists of CFG_VIDIC (video decoder interconnect configuration)
and VID_ITM (interrupt mask).
42.5.3 Picture decoding configuration

Quantization table loading
The two quantization matrices (intra and nonintra) used by the inverse quantizer must be
initialized. Since there are no built-in quantization matrices, they must be loaded either with
default matrices or with those extracted from the bitstream by the CPU.
Quantization tables do not need to be loaded at every decoding task. If they are only present in
the bitstream at the beginning of a sequence, they may be loaded only for the first picture.
The quantization tables are written in registers VID_QMWIP and VID_QMWNIP.
Decoded picture size

VID_DFW gives the picture width in number of macroblocks and VID_DFH gives the number of
rows of macroblocks in the frame picture. VID_DFS holds the whole number of macroblocks in
the frame picture.
This data is extracted from the sequence header and is relative to the frame picture format.
Picture pointers for decoding

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Before the decoding of each picture, the following frame buffer pointers must be set up:
● VID_RFP, VID_RCHP: reconstructed frame pointers for luminance and chrominance for
main reconstruction,
● VID_FFP, VID_FCHP: forward prediction frame pointers for luminance and chrominance,
● VID_BFP, VID_BCHP: backward prediction frame pointers for luminance and chrominance.
VID_FFP, VID_FCHP, VID_BFP and VID_BCHP define the areas in memory for the predictors.
How these four pointers are used depends on the prediction mode. The rules are given below.
Note: Pictures are always stored as frames, and to access a field (top or bottom), the starting address
of the frame must be defined.
● P-frame picture (frame, field or dual-prime prediction)
VID_FFP and VID_FCHP are set to the address of the predictor frame. VID_BFP and
VID_BCHP are not used.
● B-frame picture (frame or field prediction)
VID_FFP and VID_FCHP are set to the address of the forward predictor frame. VID_BFP
and VID_BCHP are set to the address of the backward predictor frame.
● P-field picture (field, 16 x 8 or dual-prime prediction)
When decoding either field, VID_FFP and VID_FCHP are set to the address of the previous
decoded I or P frame. VID_BFP and VID_BCHP are not used.
● B-field-picture (field or 16 x 8 prediction)
VID_FFP and VID_FCHP are set to the address of the frame in which the two forward
predictor fields lie. VID_BFP and VID_BCHP are set to the address of the frame in which
the two backward predictor fields lie.
For I-picture decoding, no predictors are necessary, but VID_FFP and VID_FCHP must be set to
the address of the last decoded I or P-picture for use by the automatic error concealment
function.
For the P-field picture, an on-chip mechanism selects the pointers which must be used for the
prediction between the forward frame and the reconstructed frame pointers. If the decoded field
is the first field, the prediction is done in the forward reference frame. If it is the second field, the

prediction is done using both forward and reconstructed frame pointers. The field number (first or
second) is computed by the MPEG2 video decoder. It may be overwritten by the application with
FFN (in VID_PPR). This may be useful for trick mode applications.
Picture parameters
These parameters are extracted from the bitstream. They have to be programmed in VID_PPR.
Decoding task instruction

Decoding task instructions are programmed in VID_TIS. This register gives options for error
recovery and decoding (simplified B or overwrite mode).
Stream pointers for variable length decoder read access

The starting position of the encoded picture in the external memory must be programmed in the
variable length decoder read pointer register (VID_VLDPTR).
A variable length decoder read limit may be set in register VID_VLDRL. When the read pointer
reaches VID_VLDRL (variable length decoder read limit), reading in the buffer is stopped and the
VLDRL is set in VID_STA.
A bit buffer area can be defined with VID_BBS (bit buffer start) and VID_BBE (bit buffer end).
● If these registers are left in their reset state (0x0000 0000) or if the same value is written in
both of them, they have no effect.
● If different values are programmed in both registers when the internal variable length
decoder read pointer reaches VID_BBE it jumps to VID_BBS. This allows a video ES to be
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wrapped in a predefined memory area.

Note: 1 The variable length decoder read pointer (VID_VLDPTR) has to be programmed before each
decoding task, even if the variable length decoder has stopped on the picture start code of the
next picture to be decoded. This is because the picture start code could have been stored in the
variable length decoder input FIFO at the end of the previous picture decode and this FIFO is
flushed before starting the next decoding task.
2 The read limit to be programmed must be enlarged by the size of one burst, that is 128 bytes.
This is due to internal pipeline processing in the variable length decoder. When the variable
length decoder FIFO is empty, there is still about 64 bytes in the variable length decoder pipeline
that are not processed.
42.5.4 Main and secondary reconstruction

The decoder has two ways of reconstructing the picture in external memory. The normal way is
through the main reconstruction. The reference frames used for MPEG2 prediction are always
stored through this path. When required to reduce picture size before memory storage, in
preparation for a reduced display size, a secondary reconstruction path can be used.
The use of hardware secondary reconstruction depends on the application.
It is useful when large zoom out factors are needed; part of the zoom-out may be done using
secondary reconstruction, the rest being done in the display.
In any case, reference pictures (I and P) must be stored in full size (main reconstruction). If
secondary reconstruction is needed for I and P pictures then they have to be stored in both
formats (full size and decimated).
Main reconstruction is enabled by register VID_RCM.ENM, secondary reconstruction by
VID_RCM.ENS. B pictures may be only reconstructed with the secondary reconstruction. I and P
frames, since they are used as a reference, must be reconstructed using both paths.
The secondary reconstruction is processed according to the value of VID_RCM, which gives the
horizontal and vertical ratio (1,1/2 and 1/4 for both direction) and the progressive sequence flag.
Horizontal decimation is performed as described in Figure 111 and vertical decimation is

performed as described in Figure 110. When decimation is needed in both direction, the vertical
decimation is performed after the horizontal decimation.
If, due to decimation, the resulting picture is not a multiple of 16 pixels horizontally or vertically
(size of luma stored macroblock), the actual stored picture is rounded up to the closest multiple
of 16 pixels in the appropriate direction(s). Right side and/or bottom side of the stored picture is
the garbage and has to be removed within the display processor prior to display.
When the decoded picture belongs to a progressive sequence, vertical decimation is done in the
frame. Else, vertical decimation is done in the field.
Reconstructed frame pointers for luminance and chrominance for secondary reconstruction are
VID_SRFP and VID_SRCHP.
At any time, the CPU may read the position of the next macroblock to be decoded in the
reconstructed frame buffer in register VID_MBNM for the main reconstruction and VID_MBNS for
the secondary reconstruction.
progressive sequence = 0 progressive sequence = 0 progressive sequence = 1
X
X X O X
O
X X
O
X X O
X O
O
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X
X X O X
O
X X
O X
X X O
O
O
V/2 (a+b+1) >> 1 V/2 V/2
X X
X O
O
X X
X X
O
O
X X
X
O
X X O
O
O
X
X X O
O
V/4 (a+b+c+d+2) >> 2 V/4 V/4
X: pixel from top field

O: pixel from bottom field.
Figure 110: Vertical decimation in field picture secondary reconstruction

Horizontal decimation by 2 (a+ b +1) >> 1
X X X X X X X X
X X X X
Horizontal decimation by 4 (a+ b + c + d +2) >> 2
X X X X X X X X
X X
Figure 111: Horizontal decimation in secondary reconstruction
42.5.5 Error recovery

There are three levels of error detection in the video decoder:
● bitstream syntax/semantic error detection with automatic missing macroblocks
concealment,
● pipeline underflow error detection,
● pipeline overflow error detection.
Syntax and semantic error detections

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The variable length decoder detects the syntax and semantic errors listed below. The way to
conceal errors is different depending on the detected errors. Table 122 describes errors that are
detected by the MPEG2 video decoder. Error concealment is described below the table.

Table 122: Error detection
Layer Description Concealment MBEa

Syntax error:
A variable length code which does not exist in the tables or a fixed length code with a forbidden value
Slice quantizer_scale_code = 0 Previous quantizer_scale_code is N
used (macroblock or slice). After a reset
(HW, SRS), value is set to 1.
Macroblock macroblock_address_increment See Procedure one on page 401 Yes
macroblock_type
frame_motion_type and
field_motion_type: the value 00
is reserved
quantiser_scale_code Previous quantizer_scale_code No
(slice or macroblock) is used. After a reset
(HW, SRS), value is set to 1.
marker_bit See Procedure one on page 401 Yes
coded_block_pattern_420
end_of_macroblock for D pictures:
it shall be equal to 1.
motion_code[r][s][t]
Block first_dct_coef
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next_dct_coef
Semantic error:
The way of encoding slices and macroblocks does not follow MPEG2 rules.
Slice Slice start code combined with See Procedure one on page 401 Yes
macroblock address increment gives
a macroblock number already
decoded.
Slice start code combined with
macroblock address increment gives
a macroblock number higher than the
macroblock number to be decoded.
Macroblock mb_addr_increment may result in a See Procedure two on page 402 Yes
macroblock address greater than the
picture size. The macroblock is
outside the picture.
The processing of the different If bit MVC in VID_TIS is one, the vector is No
parameters in motion_vectors(s) clipped to point in the picture area. Else, a
may result in a motion vector outside prediction out of the reference picture is
the reference picture. done.
QFS[0] may not lie in the range 0 to If negative value, the coefficient is set to 0 No
((2^(8+intra_dc_precision))-1). but the predictor remains negative
Block Too many coefficients may be found in See Procedure one on page 401 Yes
a block.
a. MBE: when yes, the error is taken into account in VID_MBEn registers. When no, the error is
not taken into account.

Procedure one
If the variable length decoder detects a syntax or semantic error in the bitstream, the pipeline
copies macroblocks from the previous picture. It uses the motion vectors reconstructed for the
previous row of macroblocks in the current picture, and scans the bitstream until a slice start
code is detected. At this point, normal decoding resumes.
If the error occurred in the last slice in the picture, concealment continues until the end of the
picture. The pipeline then stops normally, assuming that the following picture start code is intact.
Macroblocks are concealed using the vectors of the macroblock immediately above the lost
macroblock.
Concealment macroblocks are accessed using the forward and backward reference frames. Lost
macroblocks in the first row are copied directly from the previous pictures, that is as
P-macroblocks with zero motion vectors. If an intra macroblock is coded with concealment
motion vectors, the concealment motion vectors are used. If not, concealment is a simple copy
from the previous picture using zero vectors.
Table 123 shows the rules used to fetch concealment macroblocks. Skipped macroblocks are not
mentioned since they always refer to one of the prediction types listed below.
Table 123: Macroblock type recovery in case of error concealment.
Prediction type of the Prediction type of the concealed

Picture structure/
macroblock aligned macroblock
picture type
vertically in the row above 1 vector = (H,V)
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I,P,B frame picture Intra no concealment Forward frame (vector = 0)

Intra with concealment Forward frame (with sent vector)
I, P, B field picture Intra no concealment Forward field (vector = 0)
Intra with concealment Forward field (with sent vectors)
P frame picture Forward frame Forward frame (with same vectors)
Forward field Forward field (with same vectors)
Dual Forward field (with vectors of same field
parity, that is vectors sent)
P field picture Forward field Forward field (with same vectors)
16x8 Forward field (with same top vectors)
Dual Bidirectional field (with same vectors)
B frame picture Forward frame Forward frame (with same vectors)
Forward field Forward field (with same vectors)
Back frame Back frame (with same vectors)
Back field Back field (with same vectors)
Bidirectional frame Bidirectional frame (with same vector)
Bidirectional field Forward field (with same forward vectors)
B field picture Forward field Forward field (with same vectors)
Forward 16 x 8 Forward field (with same top vectors)
Back field Back field (with same vectors)
Back 16 x 8 Back field (with same top vectors)
Bidirectional field Bidirectional field (with same vectors)
Bidirectional 16 x 8 Forward field (with same top vectors)

Procedure two
When the decoder detects that the input stream is not compliant with the restricted slice
structure, the decoder reconstructs missing macroblocks by copying macroblocks from the
forward reference picture with a null motion vector using frame prediction in a frame picture and
field prediction in a field picture.
The decoder detects a nonrestricted slice structure when the slice start code combined with the
first macroblock address increment gives an absolute address which is higher (+2 at least) than
the previous decoded macroblock number. The decision (restricted or nonrestricted slice
structure) is taken on the first macroblock following the slice start code.
An underflow occurs when the last slices are missing and a different start code to a slice start
code or an error start code is detected. Missing macroblocks are reconstructed if RMM in
VID_TIS = 1, and are not reconstructed if RMM = 0. For underflow errors, the underflow flag in
the status register is always set.
Overflow and underflow errors

An overflow error occurs when the variable length decoder detects more macroblocks in the
bitstream than the number corresponding to the picture size, VID_DFS. The variable length
decoder stops processing macroblocks and resumes a start code search on the next picture
start code, then, it returns in idle state. The overflow condition is flagged by the bit
VID_STA.DOE.
An underflow error occurs when the variable length decoder has found in the bitstream fewer
macroblocks than the number defined by the decoded picture size, VID_DFS, and when it stops
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on a picture start code. Then, it returns in idle state. The underflow condition is flagged by the bit
DUE in VID_STA.
The number of macroblocks reconstructed in memory is equal to VID_DFS if RMM in
VID_TIS = 1 (missing macroblocks are concealed).
42.5.6 Error statistics

The number and the location of the errors in the pictures determine whether the picture is to be
displayed. The decoder gives statistics in the VID_MBEn (macroblock errors) registers. The
VID_MBEn registers give the locations of both semantic and syntax errors in the picture. These
registers are stable at the end of the decoding task until the start of the next picture decoding
task whatever the video channel. At the end of picture decoding, if at least one error occurred
during picture reconstruction, bit VID_STA.MSE is set. If no error occurred, this bit is 0.
The decoded picture is divided into 16 areas, defined by four horizontal and four vertical slides.
The areas are numbered from 0 (top left) to 15 (bottom right). This number is incremented from
left to right, top to bottom (see Figure 112). For each area, VID_MBEn gives the number of
macroblocks reconstructed with error concealment.
If the picture size in macroblock units is a multiple of four in both directions, each of the 16 areas
contains the same number of macroblocks DFS >> 4. If it is not a multiple of four macroblocks,
the number of macroblocks in each area is:
For i and j in [0..2]:
area(i*4+j)= (DFH >> 2) * (DFW >> 2) MBs
For i=3 and j in [0..2]:
area(12+j) = (DFH >> 2 + DFH mod 4) * (DFW >> 2) MBs
For i in [0..2] and j=3:
area(i*4+3) = (DFH >> 2) * (DFW >> 2 + DFW mod 4) MBs
For i = 3 and j=3:
area(15) = (DFH >> 2 + DFH mod 4) * (DFW >> 2 + DFW mod 4) MBs

Note: In the field picture structure, DFH must be divided by two.
Figure 112: Macroblock error statistics
VID_DFWn
MBE0 bit 0 MBE0 bit 1 MBE0 bit 2 MBE0 bit 3

Area 0 Area 1 Area 2 Area 3
VID_DFHn
42.5.7 Simplified B decoding

Simplified B decoding allows bandwidth consumption to be reduced up to 40% while decoding a
B-picture. This is done by converting all bidirectional predictors of B-pictures in forward
predictors.
The maximum bandwidth required to decode a B-picture is usually 4216 Mbit/s, but for simplified
B, this is equivalent to a P-picture at 2712 Mbits/s.
This feature has an impact on picture quality, but has no effect on the P dual prime picture.
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Secondary decoding requires an additional 50% of main picture bandwidth - 2108 Mbit/s (B) or
1356 Mbit/s (SB/P).
42.6 Resets
42.6.1 Hardware reset

After a hardware reset, the MPEG2 video decoder is in an idle state. No processing is done and
no request is sent until video decoding is launched.
42.6.2 Software reset

Two software resets are implemented.
● VID_SRS: the reset is active when the CPU writes the least significant byte of the VID_SRS
register. Software reset is a synchronous active high reset. It resets:
• variable length decoder flags: DID, MSE, DOE and DUE in VID_STA,
• variable length decoder input FIFO controller,
• error statistic registers: VID_MBE0, VID_MBE1, VID_MBE2 and VID_MBE3.
After the reset no processing is performed until video decoding is started. The MPEG2
video decoder is in an idle state.
Software reset has no impact on register contents.
● VID_EXE: has the same effect as software reset (VID_SRS), but it also starts the variable
length decoder.

43 MPEG2 video decoder registers STx7100
43 MPEG2 video decoder registers
Register addresses are provided as MPEGBaseAddress + offset.

The MPEGBaseAddress is:
0x1924 0000.
All registers are reset by hardware. Read only registers can also be affected by SRS and EXE;
see Section 42.6.2: Software reset on page 403. When registers are read, the value of the
reserved bits are 0 unless specified. No registers are buffered: write action effect is immediate.
Table 124: MPEG2 video decoder register summary
VID_EXE Execute decoding task 0x0008 WO
Reserved - 0x0010 -
VID_MBEn Macroblock error statistic (n = 0 to 3) 0x0070 - 0x007C RO
VID_QMWIp Quantization matrix data, intra-table 0x0100 - 0x013F R/W
VID_QMWNIp Quantization matrix data, non–intra-table 0x0180 - 0x01BF
VID_TIS Task instruction 0x0300

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VID_PPR Picture parameters 0x0304
VID_SRS Decoding soft reset 0x030C WO
VID_ITM Interrupt mask 0x03F0 R/W
VID_ITS Interrupt status 0x03F4 RO
VID_STA Status 0x03F8
VID_DFH Decoded frame height 0x0400 R/W
VID_DFS Decoded frame size 0x0404
VID_DFW Decode frame width 0x0408
VID_BBS Video elementary stream bit buffer start 0x040C
VID_BBE Video elementary stream bit buffer end 0x0414
VID_VLDRL Variable length decoder read limit 0x0448
VID_VLD_PTR Variable length decoder read pointer 0x045C
Reserved - 0x0480 - 0x0484 -
VID_BCHP Backward chroma frame buffer 0x0488 R/W
VID_BFP Backward luma frame pointer 0x048C
VID_FCHP Forward chroma frame buffer 0x0490
VID_FFP Forward luma frame pointer 0x0494
VID_RCHP Main reconstructed chroma frame pointer 0x0498
VID_RFP Main reconstructed luma frame pointer 0x049C
VID_SRCHP Secondary reconstructed chroma frame buffer 0x04A0
VID_SRFP Secondary reconstructed luma frame buffer 0x04A4
VID_RCM Reconstruction mode 0x04AC

STx7100 43 MPEG2 video decoder registers
VID_EXE Execute decoding task
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
VID_EXE
Address: MPEGBaseAddress + 0x0008

Type: WO
Reset: Undefined
Description: Writing to the least significant byte of this register starts a decoding task.
VID_MBEn Macroblock error statistic (n = 0 to 3)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
MBEx3[7:0] MBEx2[7:0] MBEx1[7:0] MBEx0[7:0]
Address: MPEGBaseAddress + 0x0070 (VID_MBE0), 0x0074 (VID_MBE1), 0x0078 (VID_MBE2),

0x007C (VID_MBE3)
Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description: Decoded pictures are divided into 16 areas. For each area, MBE gives the number of
macroblock errors (semantic and syntax) detected by the variable length decoder.
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These data are stable at the end of the picture decoding task until the start of the next
picture decoding task (whether the video channel is 1 or 2).
VID_QMWIp Quantization matrix data, intra-table
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
IQCOEFF(4p+3)[7:0] IQCOEFF(4p+2)[7:0] IQCOEFF(4p+1)[7:0] IQCOEFF(4p)[7:0]
Address: MPEGBaseAddress + 0x0100 to 0x013F

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: The quantization coefficients for an intra table must be written to these addresses in
increasing order in the order in which they appear in the bitstream (in zig-zag order).
Thus, the first coefficient which appears in the bitstream is located at the lower register
address and the last coefficient in the bitstream is located at the higher register address.
The order must be strictly respected. Each 32-bit word contains four 8-bit coefficients.

VID_QMWNIp Quantization matrix data, non–intra-table
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NIQCOEFF(4p+3)[7:0] NIQCOEFF(4p+2)[7:0] NIQCOEFF(4p+1)[7:0] NIQCOEFF(4p)[7:0]
Address: MPEGBaseAddress +0x0180 to 0x01BF

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: The quantization coefficients for a non-intra table must be written to these addresses in
increasing order in the order in which they appear in the bitstream (in zig-zag order).
Thus, the first coefficient which appears in the bitstream is located at the lower register
address and the last coefficient in the bitstream is located at the higher register address.
The order must be strictly respected. Each 32-bit word contains four 8-bit coefficients.
VID_TIS Task instruction
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RMM
OVW
MVC
SBD
Reserved
Address: MPEGBaseAddress +0x0300

Type: R/W
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Reset: 0
This register contains the decoding task instruction.
[31:4] Reserved
[3] RMM: reconstruct missing macroblock.
1: In case of underflow, the missing macroblocks are reconstructed.
[2] MVC: motion vector check
1: Ensures that motion vectors used for prediction remain inside the picture (see Table 122: Error
detection on page 400).
[1] SBD: simplified B picture decoding
1: B picture decoding is simplified to save bandwidth: all bidirectional macro blocks are processed as
forward.
[0] OVW
1: Enable overwrite mechanism during decoding

VID_PPR Picture parameters
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved
CMV
FRM
QST
MP2
FFN
AZZ
TFF
IVF
PCT DCP PST BFV FFV BFH FFH

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register contains parameters of the picture to be decoded. These parameters are
extracted from the bitstream. In MPEG-1 mode (when MP2 in VID_PPR is reset), only
PCT, BFH and FFH have to be set. Other bits must be reset.
[31] Reserved
[30] MP2: MPEG-2 mode
0: An MPEG-1 bitstream is expected
1: The decoder expects an MPEG-2 video bitstream
[29:28] FFN: Force field number
This is used for prediction to select the reference pictures.
01 or 10: The field is forced to first field picture 11: The field is forced to second field picture
00: Internal field number is used
The field number use for prediction is computed internally by the MPEG2 video decoder. Meanwhile, if an
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error occurs in the stream and a field is lost, this bit must be set at the proper value by the application. It
may be used also in still picture decoding.
[27] TFF: Top field first
Set equal to the TOP_FIELD_FIRST bit of the MPEG-2 picture coding extension.
[26] FRM
Set equal to the FRAME_PRED_FRAME_DCT bit of the picture coding extension.
[25] CMV: Set equal to the CONCEALMENT_MOTION_VECTORS bit of the MPEG-2 picture coding
extension. Indicates that motion vectors are coded for intra macroblocks.
[24] QST: Set equal to the Q_SCALE_TYPE bit of the picture coding extension.
[23] IVF: Set equal to the INTRA_VLC_FORMAT bit of the picture coding extension.
[22] AZZ
Set equal to the ALTERNATE_SCAN bit of the picture coding extension.
[21:20] PCT[1:0]: Set to equal to the two least significant bits of PICTURE_CODING_TYPE in the picture
header.
[19:18] DCP[1:0]: Set equal to INTRA_DC_PRECISION of the picture coding extension. The value 11, defining
a precision of 11 bits, is not allowed.
[17:16] PST[1:0]: Set equal to the PICTURE_STRUCTURE bits of the MPEG-2 picture coding extension.
Note: code 00 also indicates frame structure, even though this value is illegal in the MPEG-2 variable.
00: Frame picture 01: Top field
10: Bottom field 11: Frame picture
[15:12] BFV[3:0]: Set equal to BACKWARD_VERTICAL_F_CODE of the picture coding extension.
[11:8] FFV[3:0]: Set equal to FOWARD_VERTICAL_F_CODE of the picture coding extension.
[7:4] BFH[3:0]
In MPEG-1 mode BFH[3] is set equal to FULL_PEL_BACKWARD_VECTOR of the picture header, and
BFH[2:0] is set equal to BACKWARD_F_CODE of the picture header. In MPEG-2 mode BFH[3:0] is set
equal to BACKWARD_HORIZONTAL_F_CODE of the picture coding extension.
[3:0] FFH[3:0]
In MPEG-1 mode FFH[3] is set equal to FULL_PEL_FORWARD_VECTOR of the picture header, and
FFH[2:0] is set equal to FORWARD_F_CODE of the picture header. In MPEG-2 mode FFH[3:0] is set
equal to FORWARD_HORIZONTAL_F_CODE of the picture coding extension.

VID_SRS Decoding soft reset
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
VID_SRS
Address: MPEGBaseAddress + 0x030C

Type: WO
Reset: Undefined
Description: Writing to the least significant byte of this register starts the software reset sequence.
The reset is just activated once on writing.
VID_ITM Interrupt mask
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R_OPC
VLDRL
MSE
DOE
DUE
DSE
DID
Reserved
Address: MPEGBaseAddress + 0x03F0

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Any bit set in this register enables the corresponding interrupt on the VID_IRQ line. An
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interrupt is generated when a bit in the VID_STA register changes from 0 to 1 and the
corresponding mask bit is set.
VID_ITS Interrupt status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R_OPC
VLDRL
MSE
DOE
DUE
DSE
DID
Reserved
Address: MPEGBaseAddress + 0x03F4

Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description: When a bit in the VID_STA register changes from 0 to 1, the corresponding bit in
VID_ITS is set (independently of ITM). When there is at least one bit set to one in
VID_ITS which is not masked, the interrupt line is set to 1. The reading of VID_ITS
clears all bits in that register and de-asserts the interrupt line.

VID_STA Status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R_OPC
VLDRL
MSE
DOE
DUE
DSE
DID
Reserved
Address: MPEGBaseAddress +0x03F8

Type: RO
Reset: 0x0000 0021
Description: This register contains a set of bits which represent the status of the decoder at any
instant. Any change from 0 to 1 of any of these bits sets the corresponding bit of the
VID_ITS register, and can thus potentially cause an interrupt on the GL1_IRQ line.
Some bits are pulses and are unlikely ever to be read as 0.
[31:7] Reserved
[6] R_OPC: set when an R_OPC is 1 for one of the two interconnect plugs. This signal is a one cycle pulse.
[5] VLDRL: variable length decoder read limit. This flag is set to 1 when the variable length decoder read
pointer reaches VID_VLDRL pointer. The bit is reset when the condition is not true.
[4] DSE: a one pulse bit, set to 1 when decoding semantic or syntax error is detected by the variable length
decoder.
[3] MSE: set to 1 at the end of a decoding task if a semantic or a syntax error has been detected by the
variable length decoder during the decoding process of the picture. It is reset on a write action on
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VID_EXE or VID_SRS LS byte.

[2] DUE: set to 1 at the end of a decoding task if a underflow error has been detected by the variable length
decoder during the decoding process of the picture. It is reset on a write action on VID_EXE or VID_SRS
LS byte.
[1] DOE: set to 1 at the end of a decoding task if an overflow error has been detected by the variable length
decoder during the decoding process of the picture. It is reset on a write action on VID_EXE or VID_SRS
LS byte.
[0] DID: decoder idle. Set to 1 when pipeline is idle and the variable length decoder is in idle state or on a
write action on VID_SRS LS byte. The condition is reset on a write action on VID_EXE.
VID_DFH Decoded frame height
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved DFH[6:0]

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Decoded frame height (in rows of macroblocks). This register is used for error
concealment and macroblocks error statistics. This is derived from the vertical size
value transmitted in the sequence header. It is divided internally by two for field picture
decoding.

VID_DFS Decoded frame size
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved DFS

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register is set up with a value equal to the number of macroblocks in the decoded
picture. This is derived from the horizontal and vertical size values transmitted in the
sequence header. It is divided internally by two for field picture decoding.
VID_DFW Decode frame width
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved DFW

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register is set up with a value equal to the width in macroblocks of the decoded
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picture. This is derived from the horizontal size value transmitted in the sequence
header.
VID_BBS Video elementary stream bit buffer start
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
VLDPTR[31:8] Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Memory address of the video elementary stream bit buffer start, defined in 256-byte
units.
VID_BBE Video elementary stream bit buffer end
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
VLDPTR[31:8] Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Memory address of the video elementary stream bit buffer end, defined in 256-byte
units.

VID_VLDRL Variable length decoder read limit
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
VLDRL[31:8] Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register stores the variable length decoder read limit. When the variable length
decoder read pointer reaches VID_VLDRL, reading in the buffer is stopped and the bit
VLDRL is set to 1 in the status register. This pointer is defined in 256-byte units.
VID_VLD_PTR Variable length decoder read pointer
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
VLD_PTR[31:7] Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Memory address of the variable length decoder read pointer, in bytes. The address
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where the variable length decoder should start decoding the task must be written here
before each decoding task.
This value is taken into account as soon as VID_EXE is accessed. It then holds the
current variable length decoder read pointer address given in 128-byte units.
VID_BCHP Backward chroma frame buffer
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
BCHP[31:9] Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Start address of the backward frame chroma prediction buffer, defined in 512-byte units.
VID_BFP Backward luma frame pointer
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
BFP[31:9] Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Start address of the luma backward prediction frame picture buffer, defined in 512-byte
units.

VID_FCHP Forward chroma frame buffer
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
FCHP[31:9] Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Start address of the chroma forward prediction frame picture buffer, defined in 512-byte
units.
VID_FFP Forward luma frame pointer
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
FFP[31:9] Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Start address of the luma forward prediction frame picture buffer, defined in 512-byte
units.
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VID_RCHP Main reconstructed chroma frame pointer
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RCHP[31:9] Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Start address of the reconstructed chroma frame picture buffer, defined in 512-byte
units.
VID_RFP Main reconstructed luma frame pointer
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RFP[31:9] Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Start address of the reconstructed (decoded) luma picture buffer, defined in 512-byte
units.

VID_SRCHP Secondary reconstructed chroma frame buffer
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SRCHP[31:9] Reserved
Address: MPEGBaseAddress + 0x04AC

Type: R/W
Reset: 4
Description: Start address of the secondary reconstructed chroma frame buffer, defined in 512-byte
units.
VID_SRFP Secondary reconstructed luma frame buffer
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SRFP[31:9] Reserved
Address: MPEGBaseAddress + 0x04A4

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Start address of the secondary reconstructed luma frame buffer, defined in 512-byte
units.
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VID_RCM Reconstruction mode
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ENM
ENS
PS
Reserved VDEC HDEC
Address: MPEGBaseAddress + 0x04AC

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x04
Description: Parameters of reconstruction (main and secondary). After hardware reset, main
reconstruction is enabled and secondary is disabled.
[31:7] Reserved
[6:5] VDEC: Vertical decimation mode
00: no decimation
01: V/2 decimation
10: V/4 decimation
Others: Illegal.
[4:3] HDEC: Horizontal decimation mode
00: no decimation
01: H/2 decimation
10: H/4 decimation
Others: Illegal.
[2] ENM: Enable reconstruction in main buffer
[1] ENS: Enable reconstruction in secondary buffer
[0] PS: Progressive sequence.
This bit should be set when a progressive sequence is being decoded.
1: Decimation is performed by averaging pixel lines in the frame.

44 H.264 video decoder STx7100
44 H.264 video decoder
44.1 Introduction
This chapter describes the Delta decoder (decode engine for low-bit-rate TV applications) which
is the STx7100 H.264 high profile video decoder (also known as MPEG-4 part 10, MPEG-4/AVC
and H26L).
44.2 Decoder main features
44.2.1 Supported formats

The Delta decoder is able to decode in real time:
● one H.264 high profile - level 4.1 video stream, or
● up to three H.264 high profile - level 3 video streams.
44.2.2 Input streams

The Delta decoder is a picture level decoder. Additional syntax elements like H.264 sequence
parameter set and picture parameter set are handled by the ST40 host processor.
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The Delta decoder accepts only H.264 byte stream NALs. It only processes slices; all other
information (like PTS-DTS, sequence, picture, SEI) are managed externally. The host processor
launches the picture decoding process interrupting the embedded processor (ST231).
44.2.3 Miscellaneous features

● Decimated second output (by two or four horizontally and/or by two vertically) in order to
reduce memory bandwidth requirements for zoom out. If the picture horizontal size is not a
multiple of the decimation factor, the Delta can insert dummy macroblocks. Vertically, the
Delta can handle half-blocks.
● Error concealment
Note: The Delta decoder does not support frame width larger than 1920 pels and frame height bigger
than 2032 lines.
The minimum picture width is 2 MBs.
The minimum picture height is 2 lines of MBs.

STx7100 44 H.264 video decoder
44.2.4 Decoder overview

The Delta decoder is made of three units whose main functions are described below:
● Pre-processor unit (PP),
• Slice header/data syntax analysis,

• Macroblock header preprocessing,
• CABAC and CAVLC entropy decoder (partial decoding),
● Macro-block engine (MBE),
• DMA management,
• UE/SE/iBin decoding for H.264 syntax elements (MB headers decoding),
• CABAC and CAVLC Residual entropy decoding,
• Inverse zig-zag, IQ, IT,
• Inter MB motion vectors computation,
• Temporal and spatial prediction,
• Deblocking filtering,
• Picture reconstruction in external memory,
● Embedded processor,
• ST231 with firmware, used for syntax parsing, error concealment, intraprediction, motion
vector processing,
• Hardwired functions control.
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44.2.5 Decoder block diagram

Figure 113: Delta decoder block diagram
STBus
IRQ Main Aux
Bitstream Parser
Reconstruction
ST231 handler
R/W W R
I bin CABAC / CAVLC
CABAC / CAVLC Deblocking
VLD
Pre-processor
ZZ / IQ / IT Spatial
prediction
Macro-block
Temporal
processor prediction

44.2.6 Decoding data flow

The Delta decoder is a frame decoder which decodes ES data under the control of the ST40. It
is the FDMA which reads the PES previously stored in memory by the PTI and does the PES-to-
ES parsing.
The Delta pre-processor reads the ES data from a circular bit-buffer in memory and stores the
resulting data (partially decoded data) into an “intermediate buffer” in memory.
The intermediate buffer is then read by the Delta macro-block processor to complete the
decoding. The final decoded frames are stored in the “decoded picture buffer” in memory.
A timer is used to interrupt regularly the ST40 which reads the PTI write-pointer and launches
the FDMA to do the PES parsing.
The data flow is shown in Figure 114.
Figure 114: H264 decode dataflow
Memory
Circular PES
PTI
back-buffer
FDMA Memory
Memory Memory
Intermediate Decoded
Circular ES
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bit-buffer buffer picture

Timer
From reference buffer
picture buffer
Pre-Processor
CABAC
Parser
CAVLC Macro-block
Processor
PPS, SPS, Stream analysis and

SEI, ... decoding choices
ST231
Picture decode commands

- decoding video driver run by ST40

STx7100 44 H.264 video decoder
44.2.7 Buffering requirements

The Delta decoder has the following buffering requirements:
● Bit buffer (BB): circular buffer that contains an elementary stream - ES (NAL byte stream in
H.264) - compressed data coming from the MPEG-TS demultiplexer or from a mass storage
device (this buffer is compliant with the HRD (hypothetical reference decoder) CPB buffer).
● Intermediate picture buffer (IB): this buffer contains pre-processed picture data (MB
header and CABAC/CAVLC already partially decoded).
● Decoded picture buffer (DPB): All decoded pictures (including decimated ones) are stored
in memory using the same macroblock arrangement as the MPEG2 decoder, for display and
reference purpose.
● Decimated decoded picture buffer: to reduce the display bandwidth consumption, it can
be useful to decimate decoded picture before storing them in memory. The decoder can
also write non-decimated picture in this buffer.
● Picture parameter buffer (PPB): If a picture is marked as used for reference, additional
data must be stored in a separate picture parameter buffer. This additional buffer is used for
motion vector and reference picture prediction in H.264 temporal direct mode.
Each MB structure is stored in memory with the size defined by MBDescrSize (firmware) -
40 bytes are stored for level 4 and above, 160 for levels below level 4.
44.3 H.264 decoder interface

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44.3.1 ST40 host CPU tasks overview

The ST40 host CPU runs the video driver and controls the Delta decoder.
The host is responsible for:
● FDMA control for PES processing / SCD (start code) extraction,
● SPS / PPS / SEI / VUI (video usability information) analysis:
• sequence parameter set (SPS): the host CPU has to manage up to 32 sets,
• picture parameter set (PPS): the host CPU has to manage up to 256 sets,
• supplemental enhancement information messages (SEI): these messages assist in the
processes related to decoding or display of video but are not required for reconstructing
the luma or chroma samples,
● control of the decoder (pre-processor and core) on a picture basis,
● decoded picture buffer (DPB) management (reconstruction, prediction, display),
● intermediate buffer (IB) management,
● picture boundaries detection in the bit buffer using the slice start-code and the first field of
the slice header. The read stop-address passed to pre-processor is the address of the first
byte of next picture start code minus one.
44.3.2 Host ST40 - decoder ST231 communication

The Delta decoder is controlled by the ST40 on a picture-by-picture basis using the following
methods:
● The ST40 writes picture level decoding commands in external memory.
● The ST40 and the Delta ST231 can each receive and generate interrupts with the dedicated
mail box (see Chapter 27: Mailboxes on page 220).
The commands or the status placed in memory by the ST40 or by the embedded processor form
the multimedia engine (MME) API.

44.4 Firmware
The H.264 firmware is the code executed by the Delta ST231 and is delivered with the software
driver.
44.4.1 Picture processing

The decoder firmware gets a picture decode request from the ST40 through a mechanism based
on interruption and parameters placed in external memory. The firmware analyzes this request,
sends a corresponding picture command to configure the hardware, and can start the processing
of the first slice.
Before starting a new picture decode, the firmware checks that all the data of the previous picture
has been written to memory.
44.4.2 Slice processing

The firmware gets the slice syntax from the intermediate buffer. It analyzes these syntax
elements and sends the corresponding slice command to configure the hardware.
44.4.3 Macroblock processing

The firmware gets the macroblock syntax elements up to residuals, then, the firmware sends a
pipeline command that requests the residual entropy decoder (hardware block) to read all the
residuals of the current macroblock from the bitstream.
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While the pipeline is emptying the input FIFO, the firmware computes all the parameters needed
to control the prediction and the deblocking. If direct mode is used for this slice, the firmware read
the collocated MB context from PPB buffer (picture parameter buffer). It then sends another MB
command to configure the prediction and deblocking engines.
After this processing, the firmware reads the hardware status in order to determine if:
● all the residual have already been read,
● an error occurred on the residual entropy decoding.
44.5 H.264 decoder reset

The preprocessor can be reset by software independently from the core decoder.
Pre-processor reset
The preprocessor is reset by writing a value in the PRE_SW_RST register. An interrupt is
generated when the soft reset is completed.
Delta ST231 and macroblock processor reset

The core decoder (ST231 and MB processor) is reset by the global STx7100 reset signal. It is
maintained in the reset state until the ST40 releases the reset signal using the configuration
register SYS_CFG29. For more details, see Chapter 16: Reset on page 144 and
Chapter 21: Boot modes on page 193.

STx7100 45 Teletext DMA
45 Teletext DMA
45.1 Teletext DMA overview

The STx7100 features a teletext block integrated with the DENC to support one video stream.
Teletext data is retrieved from memory, serialized and transferred to the DENC by a dedicated
teletext DMA. The digital encoder encodes teletext data according to the CCIR/ITU-R Broadcast
Teletext System B specification (also known as world system teletext).
45.2 Teletext packet format

One teletext packet (also called a teletext line) is a stream of 360 bits, transferred at an average
frequency of 6.9375 MHz. The data format is the same as the contents of the PES data packet
as defined in the ETSI specification. The DMA reads in multiples of 46 bytes and transfers lines
of 45 bytes to the digital encoder.
Each teletext packet is composed of the clock run-in and the data-field, as shown in Figure 115.
● The clock run-in is composed of two bytes, each with the value 0xAA (binary 1010 1010).
● The data-field consists of three fields: framing code, magazine and packet address, and
data block fields. These three fields provide the block of teletext data.
The framing code is a single byte of hexadecimal value 0xE41. The data is transmitted in order,
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from the LSB to the MSB of each byte in memory.
Figure 115: Teletext packet format
Teletext line
(45 bytes, 360 bits)
Clock run-in Data field

(43 bytes, 344 bits)
1010 1010 1010 1010 8 bits 16 bits 320 bits
Framing code Magazine and packet address Data block
45.3 Data transfer sequence

The digital encoder issues a teletext request signal to the teletext DMA, this is shown by the
rising edge of signal TTXTREQ (PIO6[6]) in Figure 116. After a delay, programmable from 2 to 9
master-clock periods, the teletext DMA transmits the first valid teletext data bit of the teletext
packet.
The 360 bits of output data are defined as nine 37-bit sequences, ending with one 27-bit
sequence. Within each sequence, each bit is transmitted in four 27 MHz cycles, except bits 10,
19, 28 and 37, which are transmitted in three 27 MHz cycles. This is illustrated in Figure 116 for
bits 0 to 10.
1. Specification for conveying ITU-R Systems B teletext in digital video broadcasting (DVB)
bitstreams.

45 Teletext DMA STx7100
Figure 116: Teletext data transfer sequence
TTXTCLK
27 MHz
TTXTREQ
TTXTDATAOUT Invalid Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 10
The duration of the TTXS window is 1402 reference clock periods (51.926 µs), which
corresponds to the duration of 360 teletext bits.
The delay between signal TTXTREQ becoming high and the transfer of the first bit of the teletext
packet is between two and nine 27 MHz clock cycles. This delay is programmed by register bits
DEN_TTX1.TTXDEL[2:0]. The value written to this register is increased by two 27 MHz clock
cycles, so the value 0 corresponds to an overall delay of 2 x 27 MHz clock cycles, and the value
7 corresponds to a delay of 9 x 27 MHz clock cycles.
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45.4 Interrupt control

Teletext interrupts can be programmed by register TTXT_INT_EN to interrupt the CPU whenever
one of the following occurs.
● A teletext data transfer is complete.
● The current video frame toggles odd-to-even or even-to-odd.
The interrupt status is given by register TTXT_INT_STA and masked by TTXT_INT_EN. The
interrupt bits are reset when the CPU writes to the acknowledge register, or when a DMA
operation is completed.
45.5 DENC teletext registers

Five dedicated digital encoder registers program the teletext encoding in various areas of the
vertical blanking interval (VBI) of each field. Four of these areas (that is, blocks of contiguous
teletext lines) can independently be defined within the two VBIs of one frame (for example, two
blocks in each VBI, or three blocks in field 1 VBI and one in field 2 VBI). In certain circumstances,
up to four areas may be defined in each VBI.
The five dedicated digital encoder registers are DEN_TTX1 to DEN_TTX5.
45.6 Teletext external interface

Table 125: Teletext interface pins
Pin Type Function name Function description

PIO6[6] Input TTXTREQ Teletext request
PIO6[7] Output TTXTDATAOUT Teletext output data

STx7100 46 Teletext DMA registers
46 Teletext DMA registers
Register addresses are provided as TTXTBaseAddress + offset.

The TTXTBaseAddress is:
0x0200 6000.
Table 126: Teletext register summary
Register Function Offset Type
TTXT_DMA_ADDR Teletext DMA address 0x00 R/W
TTXT_DMA_CNT Teletext DMA count 0x04 R/W
TTXT_OUT_DLY Teletext output delay 0x08 R/W
TTXT_INT_STA Teletext interrupt status 0x18 RO
TTXT_INT_EN Teletext interrupt enable 0x1C R/W
TTXT_ACK_ODDEVEN Teletext acknowledge odd or even 0x20 WO
TTXT_ABORT Teletext abort 0x24 WO

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TTXT_DMA_ADDR Teletext DMA address
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DMA_ADDR
Address: TTXTBaseAddress + 0x00

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: This 32-bit register specifies the base address in memory for the DMA transfer from
memory.
TTXT_DMA_CNT Teletext DMA count
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved DMA_CNT

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: This register specifies the number of bytes to be transferred from memory during the
DMA operation. A write to this register also starts the teletext output operation.
• For teletext output operation, this value must be:
46 x number_of_teletext_lines_to_send bytes.
• For teletext input operation, the value must be:
42 x number_of_teletext_lines_to_receive bytes.

46 Teletext DMA registers STx7100
TTXT_OUT_DLY Teletext output delay
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved DELAY

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: This register programs the delay, in 27 MHz clock periods, from the rising edge of
TTXTREQ to the first valid teletext data bit, that is, TTXTDATAOUT starting to transmit.
TTXT_INT_STA Teletext interrupt status
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
INOUT_
Reserved EVEN ODD
COMPLETE

Type: Read only
Reset: Undefined
Description: This register gives the current state of the teletext operations. If the appropriate bits in
TTXT_INT_EN are set, interrupts can be driven by the state of this register.
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[31:3] Reserved
[2] EVEN: Current (video encoder) field is even.
[1] ODD: Current (video encoder) field is odd.
[0] INOUT_COMPLETE: Teletext input or output operation completed.
TTXT_INT_EN Teletext interrupt enable
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
INOUT_
Reserved EVEN_EN ODD_EN
COMPLETE_EN
Address: TTXTBaseAddress + 0x1C

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: This register allows masking of register TTXT_INT_STA.
[31:3] Reserved
[2] EVEN_EN: Enable even field interrupt.
[1] ODD_EN: Enable odd field interrupt.
[0] INOUT_COMPLETE_EN: Enable teletext input or output operation completed interrupt.
TTXT_ACK_ODDEVEN Teletext acknowledge odd or even

Type: WO
Description: This register acknowledges the odd/even toggle interrupt. Any write to this register
clears bits ODD and EVEN of register TTXT_INT_STA.

STx7100 46 Teletext DMA registers
TTXT_ABORT Teletext abort

Type: WO
Description: Any write to this address causes the teletext interface to abort the current operation.
The state of the teletext operation is reset, and the teletext data transfer is interrupted.
The DMA engine is reset only after the current word read or write is complete.
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47 2D graphics processor (blitter) STx7100
47 2D graphics processor (blitter)
47.1 Overview
The 2D-graphics processor is a CPU accelerator for graphics picture handling. It is a dual-source
DMA, with a set of powerful operators. It receives data from the local memory through two input
sources, source 1 and source 2.
● Source 1 is used for frequent operations such as color-fill or simple source-copy; it has a
64-bit wide internal bus and performs according to the pixel format.
● All operators always apply to source 2. The processing pipeline bus is always a pixel bus
(ARGB8888 format), whatever the format of the source inputs.
● Sources 1 and 2 are used simultaneously for read/modify/write operations.
The 2D-graphics processor is software-controlled by a link-list mechanism. Each node of the link
list is an instruction that contains all the necessary information to proceed.
The 2D-graphics processor operates at a clock rate of up to 153 MHz. For each operation
involving source 2, the maximum output rate is 153 Mpixel/s, whatever the pixel depth. This rate
is constant except for 2D resizing for downsampling, where it is 100 x HSF x VSF (horizontal and
vertical scaling factors). When source 1 is used in direct-copy mode, the internal bus width is
64 bits and the maximum output rate is 800 Mbyte/s. These values are maximum performances
that the blitter can reach; they assume that no read/write memory word request has been
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postponed by the memory arbiter mechanism.
Table 127: Performance for typical operations over a range of target pixel sizes (Mpix/s, at
output), for a 100 MHz clock
Performance (in megapixels)

Operation
1 bpp 2 bpp 4 bpp 8 bpp 16 bpp 24 bpp 32 bpp
Fill (source 1) 4800 2400 1200 600 300 200 150
One-source blit 4800 2400 1200 600 300 200 150
(source 1)
One-source blit 100 x 100 x GSF 100 x GSF 100 x GSF 100 x GSF 100 x GSF 100 x GSF
(source 2) shade GSFa
Two-source blit 100 x GSF 100 x GSF 100 x GSF 100 x GSF 100 x GSF 100 x GSF 100 x GSF
a. GSF (global scaling factor) = HSF x VSF.
The 4:2:0 plane can be used as a source for the 2D-graphics engine. Because this plane uses
both the source 1 and source 2 buffers, special modes are required. These modes are described
in Section 47.6 on page 448.

STx7100 47 2D graphics processor (blitter)
47.2 Functions
● Solid color fill of rectangular window.
● Solid color shade (fill plus alpha blending).
● One source copy, with one or several operators enabled (color format conversion, 2D
scaling).
● Two-source copy with alpha blending or logical operations between them.
● 4:2:2 raster as source or destination format.
● 4:2:2 and 4:2:0 macroblock as a source format.
● Color space conversion RGB to or from YCbCr.
● Color expansion (CLUT to true color).
● Color correction (gamma, contrast, gain).
● Color reduction (true color to CLUT1, CLUT8 and CLUT4 or CLUT2) using an error diffusion
algorithm.
● 2D resize engine with high quality filtering.
● Adaptive flicker filter from memory to memory.
● Color keying capability.
● Rectangular clipping.
● Programmable source/target scanning direction, both horizontally and vertically, in order to
handle overlapping source and destination areas correctly.
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● 1-bit/8-bit clipmask bitmap so random shape clipping can be achieved in two passes.
● Plane mask feature available.
● Special XYL access mode, to speed random pixel access, or horizontal line drawing (such
as polygon filling or run-length decoder accelerator). See Section 47.7 on page 449.
Source and destination windows are all defined using an XY descriptor, with pixel accuracy from
1 to 32 bpp, whatever the format.
Most of these operators can be combined in a single blitter pass. For instance, a YCbCr 4:2:2
bitmap can be converted to 4:4:4 RGB, resized and finally blended on an RGB565 background
picture.

47.3 Functional block diagram

The following figure illustrates the blitter functions that can be performed. Each of the blitter
functions is briefly described in Section 47.5 on page 429.
Figure 117: 2D graphics processor data flow
Local memory Local memory
128 128
Source 1 Source 2
buffer buffer
Bus formatter
only 4:2:2 or 4:2:0 source 2 and
64 source 2 color-fill
Bus formatter
source 1 and
source 1 color-fill 4:2:2:4 to 4:4:4:4
conversion
Byte-shifter and
Source1 color-fill 32 YCbCr <> RGB
conversion
32
CLUT or
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color correction
64 Color reduction
engine
Resize engine
and flicker-filter
ALU
alpha blending Global_Alpha
or ROP-Register
boolean operator
Color-key
Rectangular
Write enable
clipping
YCbCr <> RGB

conversion
128-bit bus
64-bit bus
Target 4:4:4 to 4:2:2
32-bit pixel bus
buffer conversion
128
Bus formatter
Plane mask
Target (+ dither)
to local memory
The blitter works from memory to memory with a dual or single source and one target. The target
can be one of the sources. A set of overlaps between sources and target is supported, provided
that the pixmap horizontal and vertical scan ordering are correctly programmed for each source
and the target. Each source and target may be programmed independently.
Each source and the target is associated with a specific set of registers. Another register
(BLT_INS) is used to control the data flow with operator enables. Each time an operator is

enabled, the user has to specify its behavior with operator specific registers. If the blitter is not in
direct mode (64-bit internal bus), the ALU operator is always enabled and must be programmed.
47.3.1 The blitter process

The 2D graphics processor has control and status registers allowing global blitter operation
management:
● BLT_CTRL is the control register where the user can launch a blitter link-list sequence,
suspend the blitter sequence and reset the hardware block.
● BLT_STA1, BLT_STA2, BLT_STA3 are status registers used to monitor the blitter operation
states, such as the hardware block state (ready or busy), the current blitter node address
being processed, the current target line number, and some interrupt management.
The basic concept of a blitter is to program one or several nodes in memory, where each node
operates on all blitter registers except the control and status registers. For several nodes, a link-
list mechanism must be set. The hardware can then automatically read the next node located
inside the local memory and continue a sequence of blitter operations. This mechanism allows
multipass operations for complex sequences in order to limit software load. This link-list
mechanism is provided by register BLT_NIP that contains the next blitter address. If this pointer
is set to zero, the hardware understands that the link-list mechanism has ended.
The procedure to start the blitter is the following:
1. Prepare the link list of nodes in the local memory.
2. Program the first blitter node address inside hardware BLT_NIP.
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3. Set the trigger start condition if needed (BLT_INS.TRIG_COND_CTRL) and start the blitter
by setting bit START (BLT_CTRL), and then setting it back to 0.
4. If trigger on a raster scan line has been selected, the user must program register BLT_RST
to set the line number.
Note: The blitter sees a 32-bit address space, but always writes inside a 64 Mbyte bank for a given
object (for example, source-target node).
The blitter can set three kinds of interrupt that may be masked by IRQ_MASK (BLT_INS):
● once a blitter pass is completed and before the next has been loaded,
● after the blitter instructions have been loaded,
● once the blitter has reached the idle state following the suspend command.
For each interrupt, the blitter stops and the user should restart it to continue.

47.3.2 Data flow control

SOURCE1 (register BLT_INS) sets the source 1 mode: direct copy, direct fill, fetch pixel flow from
memory, or color fill.
If the direct mode is selected for source 1 (high pixel throughput using the 64-bit internal bus), the
bus formatter is removed from the path. The target format should thus match the source 1
format, and no graphics operation may be used except for color fill or pixel copy.
Color fill mode replaces the pixel flow from the local memory by an internal flow of constant color
pixels that match the source specification (format, number of pixels: window size, expansion
mode).
SOURCE2 (BLT_INS) sets the source 2 mode: either fetch pixel flow from memory, or color fill.
Bit ICSC enables the input color space converter for source 2, and bit OCSC enables the output
color space converter for the target (BLT_INS).
Note: The output color space converter (from RGB to YCbCr or from YCbCr to RGB) and the input
color space converter, if enabled simultaneously, can only perform opposite conversions.
Bit CLUTOP enables the CLUT operator on source 2, 2DRESCALE enables the 2D resize
operator on source 2, and FLICK_FILT enables the flicker filter operator on source 2 (BLT_INS).
Bit RECT_CLIP enables the rectangle clipping operator on target, bit CKEY enables the color
key operator from source 1 or source 2 to target, and bit PLANE_MASK enables the plane mask
bit protection operation on target with respect to source 1 (BLT_INS).
User information
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Register BLT_USR is used as user information for the node for software purposes.
Note: As a result of the number of input formats, output formats, available operators and different
configurations, many register combinations have no meaning in terms of the graphics blitter.
Registers must be programmed with this in mind.
47.4 Endianness support

Bit (BLT_PKZ.BIGNOTLITTLE) indicates whether the nodes, filters coefficients, CLUT palette,
and XYL memory buffer content are stored in big or little endian format. This bit must be
compliant with the host CPU endianness (little endian). The EMPI endianness setting should
also be the same.
When the nodes, filter coefficients and CLUT palette are fetched, a four-byte swap is performed
if BLT_PKZ.BIGNOTLITTLE is set.
Figure 118: Endianness conversion for nodes, filter coefficients, CLUT, XYL parameters
32-bit word: 4-byte swap
MSB LSB
For a given node, the endianness may be defined for the source 1 bitmap, source 2 bitmap, and
target bitmap (BIGNOTLITTLE in BLT_S1TY, BLT_S2TY and BLT_TTY). Usually bitmap
endianness is in line with the host CPU endianness, and these bits are programmed in the same
way as BIGNOTLITTLE in BLT_PKZ. However, when importing a bitmap, for example, its
endianness can be converted. This corrects all potential endianness issues. The endianness

format conversion affects only the 16 bpp, 24 bpp and 32 bpp formats. For YCbCr422R format,
the pixels that only have 8 bit luminance remain unaffected, only the 24 bit pixels are swapped.
Figure 119: Endianness conversion for big endian pixels
RGB565 RGB888 ARGB8888

ARGB1555 ARGB8565 AYCbCr8888
ARGB4444 YCbCr888
ACLUT88 YCbCr422R (24 bit pixel only)
MSB LSB MSB LSB MSB LSB
Two byte swap Three byte swap Four byte swap
In direct copy mode, the endianness of the bitmap is not taken into account. This is a pure
memory to memory operation without any modification.
47.5 Blitter functions
47.5.1 Source 2 address generator and bus formatter

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The source 2 address generator scans a rectangular window, according to an XY addressing

scheme. The XY pixel address is converted into a physical memory address, using the source 2
description registers.
Reference formula for address conversion:
MemAddress (x, y) = BaseAddress + y * Pitch + x * (number of bytes per pixel)
Register BLT_S2BA is the memory base address of the bitmap selected for source 2 (absolute
(0,0) location, top-left pixel).
Register BLT_S2TY provides the specific properties of source 2: format, pitch, horizontal and
vertical scan order, sub-byte ordering (for sub-byte formats), bit accuracy expansion mode,
chroma sign (for YCbCr formats), chroma features (YCbCr macro-block formats).
Register BLT_S2XY is the coordinate that specifies the start of the input source 2 window with
respect to the base address.
Register BLT_S2SZ specifies the size of the source 2 window.
The source 2 bus formatter converts a 128-bit input bus into a pixel bus, depending on the
current format selected for source 2. The internal pixel bus is 32 bits wide, but a subset of the
data is used by many color format modes.
All formats are available.

The pixel bus format is as follows:
Table 128A: Source 2 formatter output / true color 4:4:4
Alpha Color data

True color
31:28 27:24 23:20 19:16 15:12 11:8 7:4 3:0
RGB565 128 R5/3MSB or 000 G6/2MSB or 00 B5/3MSB or 000
RGB888 128 R8 G8 B8
ARGB1555 A1/0000000 R5/3MSB or 000 G5/3MSB or 000 B5/3MSB or 000
ARGB8565 A8 R5/3MSB or 000 G6/2MSB or 00 B5/3MSB or 000
ARGB8888 A8 R8 G8 B8
ARGB4444 0/A4/100 R4/4MSB or 0000 G4/4MSB or 0000 B4/4MSB or 0000
(but keep 0 and
128)
YCbCr888 128 Cr8 Y8 Cb8
AYCbCr8888 A8 Cr8 Y8 Cb8
Table 128B: Source 2 formatter output / CLUT-based formats
CLUT-based Alpha Index value

formats 31:28 27:24 23:20 19:16 15:12 11:8 7:4 3:0
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ACLUT1 0 (don’t care) 0000 000I0

ACLUT2 0 (don’t care) 0000 00I1I0
ACLUT4 0 (don’t care) 0000 I3I2I1I0
ACLUT8 0 (don’t care) I7I6I5I4 I3I2I1I0
ACLUT44 0/A4/100 0 (don’t care) 0000 I3I2I1I0
(but keep 0 and
128)
ACLUT88 A8 0 (don’t care) I7I6I5I4 I3I2I1I0
Table 129: Source 2 formatter output / alpha only formats
Alpha-only Alpha value Color data

formats 31:28 27:24 23:20 19:16 15:12 11:8 7:4 3:0
A1 A1/0000000 0
A8 A8 0
Table 130: Source 2 formatter output / YCbCr 4:2:2 raster format
Color
YCbCr 4:2:2 data
31:28 27:24 23:20 19:16 15:12 11:8 7:4 3:0

YCbCr 4:2:2 Cb Y Cr Y
(1st pixel YCbCr) 1st pixel 1st pixel 1st pixel 2nd pixel
YCbCr 4:2:2 Y Cb Y Cr
(1st pixel Y-only) 1st pixel 2nd pixel 2nd pixel 2nd pixel
Note: In this last mode, no alpha value is produced by the block, and the bus carries two pixels
simultaneously. The alpha channel (128 = opaque) is inserted by the 4:2:2 to 4:4:4 converter
(next block in the pipeline), that is automatically enabled in this configuration.

When the input picture has an 8-bit per pixel alpha component, this component can have a
0 to 128 or 0 to 255 range. The internal 8-bit alpha format being 0 to 128, a 0 to 255 alpha
component is converted using the following formula: A0 to 128 = (A0 to 255 + 1) x 2-1. The alpha
range formatter is present for source 1, source 2 and target.
47.5.2 Source 1 address generator and bus formatter

The source 1 address generator scans a rectangular window, according to an XY addressing
scheme. The XY pixel address is converted into a physical memory address, using the source 1
registers.
Each time the 2D graphics engine performs a read/modify/write cycle to combine background
information with new data, the source 1 bus formatter converts a 128-bit input bus into a pixel bus
that feeds the ALU operator.
Source 1 is used for frequent operations such as color-fill or simple source-copy.
In fast direct-copy mode, the source 1 bus formatter is unused, and the transfer uses a 64-bit
wide internal bus, whatever the color format and its bit-depth. Rectangular graphics areas are
transferred faster, but sub-byte color formats are not supported. Neither the plane mask nor
rectangular clipping features can be used.
In normal mode, source 1 data can be combined with source 2 data.
Register BLT_S1BA is the memory base address of the bitmap selected for source 2 (absolute
(0,0) location, top-left pixel).
BLT_S1TY provides the specific properties of source 1: format, pitch, horizontal and vertical
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scan order, sub-byte ordering (for sub-byte formats), color depth expansion mode.
BLT_S1XY is the coordinate that specifies the start of the source 1 input window with respect to
the base address.
BLT_S1SZ specifies the size of the source 1 window (equals the target size).
47.5.3 Color fill

Registers BLT_S1CF and BLT_S2CF can provide the solid-color value for filling during a blitter
operation. BLT_S1CF allows the direct-fill mode to be used, for faster performance, but not in
sub-byte modes.
The number of significant bits varies from 1 bpp to 32 bpp according to the bit-depth of the color
format.
All color formats are supported, except YCbCr4:2:0MB and YCbCr4:2:2MB.

47.5.4 4:2:2 to 4:4:4 conversion (horizontal chroma upsampler)

This conversion applies to source 2 only if the source format set in register BLT_S2TY is
YCbCr422raster. The 4:2:2 input is a color-only raster signal. An opaque alpha channel is added
at the block output.
Figure 120: 4:2:2 to 4:4:4 converter
Alpha = 128
16-bit 4:2:2 stream (2 pixels /32-bit word) Y (8 bits)

32
(YCbCr)x / Yx+1 or Yx / (YCbCr)x+1 Converter
Cr (8 bits)
Cb (8 bits)
Missing chroma samples are recovered with a 2-tap interpolator. Possible side effects on the
edges are handled using sample duplication, if required, using the following schemes.
The input source line starts at address x0, and contains n pixels.
Convention: when x0 is even, the first pixel is a complete CbYCr pixel, when x0 is odd, the first
pixel is a Y-only pixel. Four cases must be taken into account:
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Table 131: x0 even / n even

Pixel 1 (x0) Pixel 2 Pixel 3 Pixel 4 ................. Pixel n-1 Pixel n
Input
Cb1Y1Cr1 Y2 Cb3Y3Cr3 Y4 ................. Cbn-1Yn-1Crn-1 Yn
Outputs
Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 ................. Yn-1 Yn
Cb1 (Cb1+Cb3) / 2 Cb3 (Cb3+Cb5) / 2 ................. Cbn-1 Cbn-1
Cr1 (Cr1+Cr3) / 2 Cr3 (Cr3+Cr5) / 2 ................. Cr n-1 Crn-1
Table 132: x0 even / n odd

Pixel 1 (x0) Pixel 2 Pixel 3 Pixel 4 ................... Pixel n-1 Pixel n
Input
Cb1Y1Cr1 Y2 Cb3Y3Cr3 Y4 ................... Yn-1 CbnYnCrn
Outputs
Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 ................... Yn-1 Yn
Cb1 (Cb1+Cb3) / 2 Cb3 (Cb3+Cb5) / 2 ................... (Cbn-2+Cbn) / 2 Cbn
Cr1 (Cr1+Cr3) / 2 Cr3 (Cr3+Cr5) / 2 ................... (Crn-2+Crn) / 2 Crn

Table 133: x0 odd / n odd

Input
Y1 Cb2Y2Cr2 Y3 Cb4Y4Cr4 ................... Cbn-1Yn-1Crn-1 Yn
Outputs
Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 ................... Yn-1 Yn
Cb2 Cb2 (Cb2+Cb4) / 2 Cb4 ................... Cbn-1 Cbn-1
Cr2 Cr2 (Cr2+Cr4) / 2 Cr4 ................... Crn-1 Crn-1
Table 134: x0 odd / n even

Input
Y1 Cb2Y2Cr2 Y3 Cb4Y4Cr4 ................... Yn-1 CbnYnCrn
Outputs
Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 ................... Yn-1 Yn
Cb2 Cb2 (Cb2+Cb4) / 2 Cb4 ................... (Cbn-2+Cbn) / 2 Cbn
Cr2 Cr2 (Cr2+Cr4) / 2 Cr4 ................... (Crn-2+Cr n) / 2 Crn
47.5.5 4:4:4 to 4:2:2 conversion (horizontal chroma downsampler on target)

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This block is automatically enabled by the hardware if the target output format is YCbCr 4:2:2
raster. In this case, neither vertical resize nor flicker filter can be used at the same time as
horizontal resize.
The sampling rate conversion for the chroma component uses a three-tap 1:2:2 digital filter, as
shown in the next tables.
The output target line starts at address x0, and contains n pixels.
Convention: when x0 is even, the first pixel is a complete CbYCr pixel, when x0 is odd, the first
pixel is a Y-only pixel. Four cases must be taken into account:
Table 135: x0 even / n even

Pixel 1 (x0) Pixel 2 Pixel 3 Pixel 4 ............... Pixel n-1 Pixel n
Inputs
Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 .............. Yn-1 Yn
Cb1 Cb2 Cb3 Cb4 .............. Cbn-1 Cbn
Cr1 Cr2 Cr3 Cr4 .............. Crn-1 Crn
Outputs
Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 .............. Yn-1 Yn
(Cb1+2Cb1+Cb2) / 4 (Cb2+2Cb3+Cb4) / 4 (Cbn-2+2Cbn-1+Cbn) / 4
(Cr1+2Cr1+Cr2) / 4 (Cr2+2Cr3+Cr4) / 4 (Crn-2+2Crn-1+Cr n) / 4

Table 136: x0 even / n odd

Pixel 1 (x0) Pixel 2 Pixel 3 Pixel 4 .............. Pixel n-1 Pixel n
.
Inputs
Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 .............. Yn-1 Yn
Cb1 Cb2 Cb3 Cb4 .............. Cbn-1 Cbn
Cr1 Cr2 Cr3 Cr4 .............. Crn-1 Crn
Outputs
Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 .............. Yn-1 Yn
(Cb1+2Cb1+Cb2) / 4 (Cb2+2Cb3+Cb4) / 4 (Cbn-1+2Cbn+Cbn) / 4
(Cr1+2Cr1+Cr2) / 4 (Cr2+2Cr3+Cr4) / 4 (Crn-1+2Crn+Crn) / 4
Table 137: x0 odd / n odd

Pixel 1 (x0) Pixel 2 Pixel 3 Pixel 4 ........ Pixel n-1 Pixel n
Inputs
Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 ........ Yn-1 Yn
Cb1 Cb2 Cb3 Cb4 ........ Cbn-1 Cbn
Cr1 Cr2 Cr3 Cr4 ........ Crn-1 Crn
Outputs
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Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 ........ Yn-1 Yn
(Cb1+2Cb2+Cb3) / 4 (Cb3+2Cb4+Cb5) / 4 (Cbn-2+2Cbn-1+Cbn) / 4
(Cr1+2Cr2+Cr3) / 4 (Cr3+2Cr4+Cr5) / 4 (Crn-2+2Crn-1+Crn) / 4
Table 138: x0 odd / n even

Pixel 1 (x0) Pixel 2 Pixel 3 Pixel 4 ............. Pixel n-1 Pixel n
..
Inputs
Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 ............. Yn-1 Yn
.
Cb1 Cb2 Cb3 Cb4 ............. Cbn-1 Cbn
.
Cr1 Cr2 Cr3 Cr4 ............. Crn-1 Crn
.
Outputs
Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 ............. Yn-1 Yn
(Cb1+2Cb2+Cb3) / (Cb3+2Cb4+Cb5) / . (Cbn-1+2Cbn+Cbn) /
4 4 4
(Cr1+2Cr2+Cr3) / 4 (Cr3+2Cr4+Cr5) / 4 (Crn-1+2Crn+Crn) / 4
47.5.6 YCbCr-to-RGB conversion

The 2D graphics engine color converter complies with ITU-R BT.601 and ITU-R BT.709 color
systems, and the RGB components are gamma-corrected.
Graphics matrix
The following ranges are assumed:
0 ≤R, G, B ≤255
16 ≤Y ≤235
16 ≤Cb, Cr ≤240 in offset binary representation, -112 ≤Cb, Cr ≤+112 in two’s complement signed
representation

Converting from YCbCr to RGB:

● The Y component is clipped between 16 and 235, before applying the matrix.
● The Cb and Cr components can be signed or unsigned.
● Once signed, the chroma range is -112 to +112.
● RGB output components are saturated between 0 and 255.
The next tables show the hardwired matrices used for the conversion (assuming offset binary
chroma):
Table 139: 601 colorimetry / floating-point matrix / digital range

YCbCr to RGB reference floating-point matrix
R = 1.1641 x (Y - 16) + 0.0 x (Cb - 128) + 1.5958 x (Cr - 128)
G = 1.1641 x (Y - 16) - 0.3914 x (Cb - 128) - 0.8135 x (Cr - 128)
B = 1.1641 x (Y - 16) + 2.0178 x (Cb - 128) + 0.0 x (Cr - 128)
Table 140: 601 colorimetry / integer matrix / digital range

YCbCr to RGB integer matrix as implemented (1.0 <> 256)
R = 298 x (Y - 16) + 0 x (Cb - 128) + 409 x (Cr - 128)
G = 298 x (Y - 16) - 100 x (Cb - 128) - 208 x (Cr - 128)
B = 298 x (Y - 16) + 517 x (Cb - 128) + 0 x (Cr - 128)
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R = 1.1644 x (Y - 16) + 0.0 x (Cb - 128) + 1.7930 x (Cr - 128)
G = 1.1644 x (Y - 16) - 0.2129 x (Cb - 128) - 0.5326 x (Cr - 128)
B = 1.1644 x (Y - 16) + 2.1128 x (Cb - 128) + 0.0 x (Cr - 128)

R = 298 x (Y - 16) + 0 x (Cb - 128) + 459 x (Cr - 128)
G = 298 x (Y - 16) - 54 x (Cb - 128) - 136 x (Cr - 128)
B = 298 x (Y - 16) + 541 x (Cb - 128) + 0 x (Cr - 128)
Video matrix
In the case of video matrix, Y, Cb and Cr are not clipped as in the graphics matrix. The following
ranges are assumed:
0 ≤R, G, B ≤255
0 ≤Y ≤255
0 ≤Cb, Cr ≤255 in offset binary representation, -128 ≤Cb, Cr ≤+127 in two’s complement signed
representation.
Converting from YCbCr to RGB:
● The Y component is not clipped before applying the matrix.
● The Cb and Cr components can be signed or unsigned.
● Once signed, the chroma range is -128 to +127.
● RGB output components are saturated between 0 and 255.

chroma):

R = 1 x (Y) + 0.0 x (Cb - 128) + 1.3828 x (Cr - 128)
G = 1 x (Y) - 0.3359 x (Cb - 128) - 0.6992 x (Cr - 128)
B = 1 x (Y) + 1.7344 x (Cb - 128) + 0.0 x (Cr - 128)

R = 256 x (Y) + 0 x (Cb - 128) + 351 x (Cr - 128)
G = 256 x (Y) - 86 x (Cb - 128) - 179 x (Cr - 128)
B = 256 x (Y) + 444 x (Cb - 128) + 0 x (Cr - 128)

R = 1 x (Y) + 0 x (Cb - 128) + 1.5391 x (Cr - 128)
G = 1 x (Y) - 0.1836 x (Cb - 128) - 0.4570 x (Cr - 128)
B = 1 x (Y) + 1.8125 x (Cb - 128) + 0 x (Cr - 128)
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R = 256 x (Y)) + 0 x (Cb - 128) + 394 x (Cr - 128)
G = 256 x (Y) - 47 x (Cb - 128) - 117 x (Cr - 128)
B = 256 x (Y) + 464 x (Cb - 128) + 0 x (Cr - 128)
47.5.7 RGB-to-YCbCr conversion

Graphics matrix
Converting from RGB to YCbCr:
● The Y component is clipped between 16 and 235, after applying the matrix.
● The chroma range is -112 to +112, and can be optionally encoded in offset-binary format
(+128, 16/240 range).
In register BLT_CCO, CCO_INCOL sets the input color converter colorimetry (601 or 709), and
CCO_INSIGN sets the input color converter chroma color sign. CCO_INDIR sets the input color
converter direction (RGB to YCbCr or YCbCr to RGB), and the output color converter is
automatically programmed with the other direction.
CCO_OUTCOL sets the output color converter colorimetry (601 or 709), and CCO_OUTSIGN
sets the output color converter chroma color format: signed or unsigned.
CCO_INGFXnVID sets the input color converter to graphics or video matrix, and
CCO_OUTGFXnVID sets the output color converter to graphics or video matrix.

chroma):

RGB to YCbCr reference floating-point matrix
Y = 0.257 xR + 0.504 xG + 0.098 xB + 16
Cb = - 0.148 xR - 0.291 xG + 0.439 xB + 128
Cr = 0.439 xR - 0.368 xG - 0.071 xB + 128

RGB to YCbCr integer matrix as implemented (1.0 <> 1024)
Y = 263 xR + 516 xG + 100 xB + 16
Cb = - 152 xR - 298 xG + 450 xB + 128
Cr = 450 xR - 377 xG - 73 xB + 128

Y = 0.1825 xR + 0.6144 xG + 0.0619 xB + 16
Cb = - 0.1006 xR - 0.3386 xG + 0.4392 xB + 128
Cr = 0.4392 xR - 0.3990 xG - 0.0402 xB + 128
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Y = 187 xR + 629 xG + 63 xB + 16
Cb = - 103 xR - 347 xG + 450 xB + 128
Cr = 450 xR - 409 xG - 41 xB + 128
Video matrix
Converting from RGB to YCbCr:
● The Y component is clipped between 1 and 254, after applying the matrix.
● The chroma range is -127 to +126, and can be optionally encoded in offset-binary format
(+128, 1/254 range).
chroma):

Y = 0.2988 xR + 0.5869 xG + 0.1143 xB +
Cb = - 0.1729 xR - 0.3389 xG + 0.5107 xB + 128
Cr = 0.5107 xR - 0.4277 xG - 0.0830 xB + 128

Y = 306 xR + 601 xG + 117 xB +
Cb = - 177 xR - 347 xG + 523 xB + 128
Cr = 523 xR - 438 xG - 85 xB + 128


Y = 0.2129 xR + 0.7148 xG + 0.0723 xB +
Cb = - 0.1172 xR - 0.3945 xG + 0.5117 xB + 128
Cr = 0.5117 xR - 0.4648 xG - 0.0469 xB + 128

Y = 218 xR + 732 xG + 74 xB +
Cb = - 120 xR - 404 xG + 524 xB + 128
Cr = 524 xR - 476 xG - 48 xB + 128
47.5.8 Rectangular clipping

Each write access to the target plane can be enabled on a pixel-per-pixel basis, with respect to a
rectangular window.
The base address format of the 2D-graphics engine is in x-y coordinates. Hardware clipping uses
four registers to define the rectangular clipping area. The figure below shows a block transfer
(BLT) operation inside a buffer, using a hardware clipping window. The buffer is defined using a
linear start address. The BLT area and the clipping window are defined by x-y coordinates. The
block transfer function is only valid inside the clipping window.
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Figure 121: Hardware clipping window
Target linear address

(0,0 start address for Clipping window:
target bitmap), XY location of top-left
defined by register Target Target and bottom-right
BLT_TBA unchanged updated corners defined with
respect to target (0,0),
Target Xleft, Xright by registers BLT_CWO
coordinates, and BLT_CWS
defined by register
BLT_TXY
Target pitch, defined by register BLT_TTY
Configuration bit BLT_CWO.INTNL inverses the clipping window; the target area is updated
outside the clipping window and is protected inside the clipping window.
XDO and YDO (register BLT_CWO) define the window start with respect to the target base
address.
XDS and YDS (BLT_CWS) define the window stop with respect to the target base address.

47.5.9 CLUT and color correction on source 2

The internal 256 x 32 LUT can perform color expansion, color reduction and color correction.
Color expansion
During color expansion a CLUT-based bitmap is transformed into a true-color bitmap, using the
embedded look-up table (256x32 SRAM). The following two figures illustrate a CLUT-to-RGB
conversion and a CLUT88/44-to-RGB conversion.
Figure 122: ACLUTn to (A)RGB conversion
CLUT-based bitmap Embedded look-up table True-color bitmap

Alpha LUT
256 x 8 SRAM Alpha / 8 bits 0 to 128
(2n used)
Red LUT
256 x 8 SRAM R / 8 bits 0 to 255
CLUT-index, (2n used)
n = 1-2-4 or 8 bits
Green LUT
256 x 8 SRAM G / 8 bits 0 to 255
(2 n used)
Blue LUT
256 x 8 SRAM B / 8 bits 0 to 255
(2n used)
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● CLUT entries can be color-corrected if required (for example, gamma and contrast).
n
● With a CLUTn input, only the first 2 addresses need to be initialized.
● The CLUT always outputs an alpha channel, whatever the input format.
● If the CLUT module is enabled, the 2D graphics engine instruction contains a pointer to the CLUT local memory
location.
● In some specific applications, the CLUT entries can be YCbCr encoded. The memory/bus correspondence
between the two color spaces is R/Cr, G/Y, B/Cb.
Figure 123: ACLUT88/44 to ARGB conversion
CLUT-based bitmap Embedded look-up table True-color bitmap

Alpha LUT
256 x 8 SRAM Alpha / 8 bits 0 to 128
Alpha 4/8 bits 0 to 128
(2 8 used)
Red LUT
256 x 8 SRAM R / 8 bits 0 to 255
(28 used)
Green LUT
CLUT-index - 4/8 bits 256 x 8 SRAM G / 8 bits 0 to 255
(28 used)
Blue LUT
256 x 8 SRAM B / 8 bits 0 to 255
(2 8 used)
● CLUT entries can be color-corrected if required (for example, gamma and contrast)
● The CLUT always outputs an alpha channel, whatever the input format.
● In some specific applications, the CLUT entries can be YCbCr encoded. The memory/bus correspondence
between the two color spaces is R/Cr, G/Y, B/Cb.

Color reduction
The color reduction engine performs the following tasks:
● Converts true-color RGB bitmaps into CLUTn bitmaps.
● Resizes a CLUTn bitmap.
● Converts ACLUTn1 bitmaps into ACLUTn2 bitmaps in two stages, as follows:
• The ACLUTn1 bitmap is expanded to an intermediate RGB bitmap (optionally resized),

using its CLUT,
• The intermediate RGB bitmap is mapped to the CLUT of the ACLUTn2 bitmap.
Figure 124: Color reduction engine architecture
Standard source 2 pipeline

(Formatter 4:2:2/4:4:4
YCbCr2RGB) 8-bit
counter
Mux
CLUT
4/8 -> 32
Best index
RGBA
(CLUT entry) register
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Resize
engine Distance/error
computation
[RA - RB]
RGBB + [GA - GB] Current shortest
+ + [BA - BB] distance register
Error
Update
Error Current signal
Standard modifiers minimum Comparator
SRCI (%, dither) errors
pipeline
(formatter)
Mux
ALU
(alpha blender/ROP)
Standard
output stage
The color reduction mechanism can be summarized as follows (see also Figure 124):
● Best match strategy: the whole CLUT is scanned for each new RGB pixel from source 2. A
distance is computed for each CLUT entry and the current source 2 pixel. The entry with the
shortest distance is considered as the best possible match, and its index is used to
represent the RGB pixel in the target CLUT-based format.
● Adaptive mode: a mono-dimensional error diffusion algorithm weighting can be added to the
best match. All or part of the error made can be diffused on the next pixel (X + 1, same Y),
depending on the LSBs of the address in the target bitmap (xLSB, yLSB). The distance is
evaluated using the sum of the absolute values of the differences on each component:
distance = abs[R(scr2) - R(CLUT)] + abs[G(scr2) - G(CLUT)] + abs[B(scr2) - B(CLUT)]
Note: The best match search can be made in the YCbCr domain: the input color space converter must
be used on source 2, and the target CLUT converted from RGB to YCbCr entries.

Color correction
The CLUT can be used as four independent 256 x 8 LUTs, applying any transformation on the
input components. This can be used for gamma correction, contrast adjustment, gain, offset.
Used in conjunction with the 2D-graphics engine color space converters (at the input and the
output), the correction can also be made in the YCbCr space (for example, color effect,
conversion to a gray-scale bitmap).
Figure 125: Color correction for true-color inputs
True-color input Embedded look-up tables True-color output

Alpha LUT
AlphaIN / 8 bits 0 to 255 AlphaOUT / 8 bits 0 to 128
256 x 8 SRAM
Red LUT
RIN / 8 bits 0 to 255 ROUT / 8 bits 0 to 255
256 x 8 SRAM
Green LUT
GIN / 8 bits 0 to 255 GOUT / 8 bits 0 to 255
256 x 8 SRAM
Blue LUT
BIN / 8 bits 0 to 255 BOUT / 8 bits 0 to 255
256 x 8 SRAM
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Register BLT_CML is a pointer to the local memory CLUT address.

CLUT_UPDATE enables CLUT refresh from memory, CLUT_MODE sets the CLUT mode (color
expansion, color correction, color reduction), and CLUT_ERRDIFF sets the working mode of the
diffusion weight for CLUT color reduction mode (register BLT_CCO).
47.5.10 2D resize engine

The memory-to-memory 2D resize engine includes a vertical SRC, a horizontal SRC and a
context-sensitive flicker filter. It is illustrated in the figure below.
Figure 126: 2D resize engine architecture
Filter selector
Line delay
Vertical
Line delay 5-tap
8-phase
SRC 3-tap
adaptive Horizontal 5-tap
Line delay FIFO
flicker 8-phase SRC
filter
Line delay FIFO
Coefficient banks Coefficient banks Coefficient banks

vertical filter flicker filter horizontal filter

In a single pass, the 2D graphics engine can output a flicker-free downscaled/upscaled picture.
The operator is neither limited by source size nor destination size. It contains sufficient memory
to apply a 5 x 5 filter. The source is automatically split into vertical stripes, the maximum width of
which is 128 pixels.
Note: This is a parallel four-component operator: the alpha channel is processed in the same way as
the RGB components.
Typically, the 2D resize engine application is used to generate high-quality anti-aliased fonts:
a 1 bpp source 2 bitmap of any oversampled font character is first expanded with the CLUT
operator, then downsized with high-quality filtering.
There are two ways to resize CLUT-based bitmaps:
● Use a two-pass 2D graphics engine operation, as described in Color reduction on page 440.
● Use a single-pass resize engine and disable the filters. This uses a skip/repeat technique,
and can be used for data that represent indexes, not true-color pixels. This method usually
gives poor quality graphics.
OFFSET_HSRC (register BLT_RZC) sets the initial phase of the filter for the 1st pixel of the line.
HSRC_INC (BLT_RSF) sets the horizontal scaling factor. 2DHF_MODE (BLT_RZC) enables the
horizontal filter and sets the part of the ARGB bus where it is available. Register BLT_HFP is a
pointer to the filter coefficients in the local memory.
OFFSET_VSRC (BLT_RZC) sets the initial phase of the filter for the 1st pixel of the column.
VSRC_INC (BLT_RSF) sets the vertical scaling factor. 2DVF_MODE (BLT_RZC) enables the
vertical filter and sets the part of ARGB bus where it is available. Register BLT_VFP is a pointer
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to the filter coefficients in the local memory

The CLUT pixmap may only be resized (work on index) if the horizontal and vertical filters are
inactive, unless they are expanded to true color using the CLUT operator.
● The vertical and horizontal sample-rate-converter are based on a 5-tap polyphase filter
(8 phases) followed by a decimator.
• For correct filtering of the first two lines, the first source line is used three times
• For correct filtering of the last two lines, the last source line is used three times.
• For correct filtering of the first two pixels in a line, the first source pixel is used three
times.
• For correct filtering of the last two pixels in a line, the last source pixel is used three
times.
The initial phase can be programmed to achieve subpixel positioning (1/8 pixel).
● Coefficients:
• Coefficient format: 8 bits S1.6 (1.0 is encoded as 64)

• Coefficient sum = 1.0 = 26 = 64
• SRC accumulator, increment has a 6.10 format.
● Total memory: 3 Kbyte (FIFO depth can be tuned to allow maximum efficiency on burst
accesses to external memory, while keeping a reasonable amount of embedded SRAM).
● Total number of U8 x S8 multipliers: approximately 52 x (5 x 4 + 5 x 4 + 3 x 4)
● All the filter coefficients can be downloaded from the instruction block (stored in external
memory). Generally, they are computed depending on the rescaling factor, but the cell can
be used as a general-purpose 2D filter as well (for example to produce a blurring effect).

47.5.11 Flicker filter

Three vertically adjacent pixels are input to the flicker filter. The luminance steps between line
n - 1 and line n, and line n and line n + 1 are estimated for each pixel.They are encoded by four
bits (0 to 15). The absolute value of the maximum step is compared to three programmable
threshold values, and the vertical 3 x 1 filter with the most appropriate response is selected:
0 ≤step (line n) ≤threshold 1 filter 0 is selected - equivalent to no filter
threshold 1 < step (line n) ≤threshold 2 filter 1 is selected - soft filter
threshold 2 < step (line n) ≤threshold 3 filter 2 is selected - medium filter
threshold 3 < step (line n) ≤15 filter 3 is selected - strong filter
In test mode, the pixel color information can be replaced by a value to identify the filter (for
example, filter 3 = white, filter 2 = green, filter 1 = red, filter 0 = black).
In a read/modify/write operation involving the alpha blender, the pixel alpha value can be divided
by two before being used for blending on the source 2 window borders. This removes flicker on
edge lines, as the three-tap vertical flicker-filter cannot operate correctly on edge lines.
Horizontally, a similar mechanism is provided for the first and last pixels of each line to smooth
vertical edges of the target window.
FF_MODE (BLT_RZC) selects:
● the filter 0 only mode,
● the adaptive mode, that follows an estimation of the luma difference,
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● the test mode to evaluate the threshold selected in the adaptive mode.
Registers BLT_FF0, BLT_FF1, BLT_FF2, BLT_FF3 define the four filters in terms of their (n - 1),
n, and (n + 1) coefficients, and the thresholds of the first three filters.

47.5.12 ALU (alpha blending and boolean operator)

Alpha blending
The alpha blender interpolates colors between source 1 and source 2 (see Figure 127).
Figure 127: Alpha blender architecture
ALU_Global_Alpha
AlphaSRC2
AlphaSRC1
1-Alpha
operator
1-Alpha AlphaWR
operator
AlphaOUT
1-Alpha
operator
RSRC1 RSRC2 GSRC1 GSRC2 BSRC1 BSRC2

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ROUT GOUT BOUT
Each source may have its own per-pixel alpha component. Source 2 is always blended on top of
source 1; source 1 is usually the source for the background plane. Sources 1 and 2 are blended
using their own alpha, combined using GALPHA_ROPID (register BLT_ACK).
Source 2 supports alpha-premultiplied and non–alpha-premultiplied color formats (premultiplied
ARGB formats are in fact AR, AG and AB). The multiplexer is thus required to select between
AlphaWR and ALU_Global_Alpha.
The blending equations are given below:
If source 2 is not pre-multiplied:
RGBOUT = ASRC2 x ALU_Global_Alpha x RGBSRC2 + (1 - ASRC2 x ALU_Global_Alpha) x RGBSRC1
If source 2 is pre-multiplied:
RGBOUT = ALU_Global_Alpha x RGBSRC2 + (1 - ASRC2 x ALU_Global_Alpha) x RGBSRC1
In any case, the resulting translucency is:
(1 - AlphaOUT) = (1 - ASRC2 x ALU_Global_Alpha) x (1 - ASRC1)
This is equivalent to:
AlphaOUT = ASRC2 x ALU_Global_Alpha + ASRC1 x (1 - ASRC2 x ALU_Global_Alpha)
or AlphaOUT = ASRC1 + ASRC2 x ALU_Global_Alpha x (1 - ASRC1)
The AlphaOUT component is written into the target bitmap; only the target format includes a per-
pixel alpha component.
Note: When a target format has a per-pixel alpha component, the color components RGBout are
computed as pre-multiplied by this alpha value. The display pipeline (such as a GDP) should be
aware of this when blending such a 2D graphics layer with the video layer.

A third source can be blended with sources 1 and 2, to create a single output. The third source
must be a 1 bpp or 8 bpp bitmap mask. This three-source blending is implemented in two stages:
● The texture (or foreground picture) uses the source 1 pipeline, and the third source (bitmap
mask) uses the source 2 pipeline. They are combined into an intermediate bitmap that must
have a per-pixel alpha component, such as ARGB8888. In this case:
RGBOUT = RGBSRC1
AlphaOUT = ASRC1 - ASRC2 - ALU_Global_Alpha
● The intermediate bitmap uses the source 2 pipeline and the background picture uses the
source 1 pipeline. They are blended together.
Boolean operators
This is a 2 operand logical unit. The operator always applies to the whole pixel width, including
the alpha component if there is one.The boolean operator performs the following 16 operations.
Table 155: Boolean operations
Mode name Result Memory cycle

CLEAR result = all 0 Write
AND new AND old Read/modify/write
ANDrev new AND (NOT old) Read/modify/write
COPY new Write
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ANDinvert (NOT new) AND old Read/modify/write

NOOP old none
XOR new XOR old Read/modify/write
OR new OR old Read/modify/write
NOR (NOT new) AND (NOT old) Read/modify/write
EQUIV (NOT new) XOR old Read/modify/write
INVERT (NOT old) Read/modify/write
ORreverse new OR (NOT old) Read/modify/write
COPYinv (NOT new) Write
ORinvert (NOT new) OR old Read/modify/write
NAND (NOT new) OR (NOT old) Read/modify/write
SET all 1 Write
In boolean operations, a third source can be blended with sources 1 and 2, to create a single
output. The third source must be a 1 bpp bitmap mask. Combining is performed on a pixel-by-
pixel basis. The raster operation is executed, depending on this 1-bit value.
Three-source boolean combining is implemented in two stages:
● The bitmap mask is combined with the texture, without destroying any existing texture per-
pixel alpha. The result is stored in an intermediate bitmap, with an 8-bit per pixel fourth
component (alpha or flag value).
The texture uses source 1 pipeline, and the bitmap mask uses source 2 pipeline. If the bit
value is 0, then the 8-bit fourth component is set to 255. If the bit value is 1, then the 8-bit
fourth component is set to the alpha value of source 1 (128 if source 1 has no alpha
channel). The color components remain unchanged.
● The intermediate bitmap uses the source 2 pipeline and the background picture uses the
source 1 pipeline. These are combined. If the fourth component is 255, then the logical
operation is ignored and the output directly corresponds to source 1. If the fourth
component is not 255, then a standard logical operator is applied.

Bypass and concatenation modes are available. In bypass mode, either source 1 or source 2
may be bypassed. Concatenation mode allows 4:2:0 source 1/source 2 YCbCr concatenation.
MODE (BLT_ACK) specifies 5 operation modes: single source bypass, logical operation,
blending operation, clipmask mode for three-source management in two passes (two sources
and one mask), and concatenation mode for macro-block formats.
● Single source bypass: bypass source 1 or source 2. For example, if source 2 is bypassed,
and source 1 is set, only source 2 affects the target and takes data from the local memory.
● Logical operation: this operates on a single source (1 or 2) and on dual sources.
GALPHA_ROPID (BLT_ACK) is used to program the logical operation code.
● Blending operation: this operates only on dual sources. GALPHA_ROPID (BLT_ACK) is
used to program the global alpha blending value. It is also possible to activate a horizontal
and/or vertical alpha border on 1 pixel width with bits AB_H and AB_V (BLT_RZC).
● Three-source clipmask management in blend or logical mode. This specific mode is used in
a two-pass blitter operation to blend two sources without a uniform global alpha value or
logical operator. The pixel accuracy is programmed inside a third source that plays the role
of the mask. In logical mode, only the A1 format is available for the mask plane; in blending
mode, A1 and A8 formats are available.
● The concatenation mode operates for YCbCr 4:2:0 macroblock formats for sources 1 and 2,
when the luma from source 1 is not merged with the chroma inside source 2 (so it is usable
only if LINE_RPT = 0 and COLOR_FORM = YCbCr420Mb in register BLT_S2TY).
47.5.13 Color key

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The 2D graphics engine has two methods of color keying: source color key and destination color
key. These methods are exclusive and are both used for sprite-based animation.
● In source color keying, the source color or range of source colors is not written to the
destination area. It is provided by the source 2 pipeline, before or after the CLUT.
● In destination color keying, no color can be written onto the destination color or range of
destination colors. The destination color or range of colors is provided by the source 1
pipeline.
Color keying can operate on true-color bitmaps or CLUT-based bitmaps, as follows:
● For RGB true-color bitmaps:
• A range of colors can be specified for each component, with a minimum and a maximum
value.
• The current input color is compared to the range, on a component-by-component basis.
• Each color comparator can be enabled or disabled, and the color match result set inside
or outside the range.
• A YCbCr input can be used with the following color correspondence: G/Y, Cb/B, Cr/R.
• A CLUT-based bitmap can be used after it is expanded to true color (after the CLUT).
● For CLUT-based bitmaps:
• The input is taken before the CLUT, if provided by source 2.

• When operating on an index, the color key reacts when the input matches a unique or
range of index values for the blue component, specified by registers BLT_KEY1/2.
CKEY_SEL (BLT_ACK) selects the color key mode: source color key on source 2 before CLUT,
source color key on source 2 after CLUT (different from the previous case only if CLUTOP in
BLT_INS is enabled), destination color key on source 1 (this supposes that the target matches
with source 1: read/modify/write).
ACK_CKEY (BLT_ACK) defines for each component whether the color key is inside or outside
the range, or always matches.

Register BLT_KEY1 defines the minimum range for each component on 8 bits. BLT_KEY2
defines the maximum range for each component on 8 bits.
The color key match C-equation is as follows:
COLOR_KEY_MATCH =
[(Rin < Rmin) OR (Rin > Rmax)] AND (Routside = True) AND (EnableR = True)
OR (Rmin <= Rin <= Rmax) AND (Routside = False) AND (EnableR = True)
OR (EnableR = FALSE)
AND
[(Gin < Gmin) OR (Gin > Gmax)] AND (Goutside = True) AND (EnableG = True)
OR (Gmin <= Gin <= Gmax) AND (Goutside = False) AND (EnableG = True)
OR (EnableG = FALSE)
AND
[(Bin < Bmin) OR (Bin > Bmax)] AND (Boutside = True) AND (EnableB = True)
OR (Bmin <= Bin <= Bmax) AND (Boutside = False) AND (EnableB = True)
OR (EnableB = FALSE)
47.5.14 Plane mask and output formatter on target

The output formatter converts the pixel bus into a 128-bit STBus format, according to the
destination color format.
In true-color mode, a 2 x 2 dither mechanism rounds-off (for example, to target an RGB565
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format with an internal 32-bit ARGB8888 pixel bus).

Note: The sub-byte format requires the blitter to operate in read/modify/write mode.
The plane mask is a register, whose width equals the number of bits-per-pixel in the destination
format. Each bit in the target pixel word can be individually protected.
● If bit n in the plane mask register is 1, the corresponding n-weight bit in source 1 is updated
according to the current 2D graphics engine operation.
● If bit n in the plane mask register is 0, the corresponding n-weight bit in source 1 remains
unchanged whatever the 2D-graphics engine operator applied.
Register BLT_PMK provides the write-protect mask. BLT_TBA is the memory base address of
the target bitmap (absolute (0,0) location, top-left pixel).
BLT_TTY is the specific properties of source 2: format, pitch, horizontal and vertical scan order,
sub-byte ordering (for sub-byte formats), bit accuracy reduction mode. BLT_TXY is the
coordinate that specifies the start of the input source 2 window with respect to the base address.
Register BLT_S1SZ is the size of the target window (equals source 1 size).
All formats are available except YCbCR420MB and YCbCR422MB.

47.6 Using the 4:2:x macroblock-based plane as a source

The 4:2:x plane can be used as a 2D graphics engine source. Because the 4:2:x plane is built
from two buffers (one for luma and one for chroma), source 1 and source 2 input buffers must
both be used to retrieve one 4:2:x plane. Consequently, 2D graphics engine operations with a
4:2:x input must be a one-source blitter. Blending or boolean combinations, involving a 4:2:x
macroblock source, require a two-pass blitter operation.
The following two methods use the 4:2:x plane as a source:
● 4:2:0 chroma vertical repeat mode (BLT_S2TY.LINE_RPT) or 4:2:2 macroblock formats:
For 4:2:0, the 2D graphics engine duplicates the chroma lines to generate a 4:2:2 stream.
Source 1 is used for the luma component, source 2 for chroma components. All the
operators except ALU can be used.
For 4:2:2/4:2:0 macroblock conversion, if using the resize operator on the entire 4:2:x picture:
LINE_RPT (source 2 chroma line repeat) = enable for 4:2:0 macroblock format,
BLT_S2SZ.SRC2_WIN_HEIGHT = luma line height,
BLT_S2SZ.SRC2_WIN_WIDTH = luma pixel width,
BLT_S1SZ.WIN_HEIGHT = new line height,
BLT_S1SZ.WIN_WIDTH = new pixel width,
BLT_ACK.MODE = bypass source 2,
BLT_INS.2DRESCALE = enabled, if desired,
BLT_RZC = required parameters,
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BLT_RSF = required parameters.

● Chroma vertical interpolation mode:
Source 1 is used for luma, source 2 for chroma. Chroma information is 2D resized to
upscale these components by two and add a half-line vertical translation correction. The
ALU is configured to concatenate the unchanged luma, with the upscaled chroma
components, to build 4:4:4 YCbCr pixels. These pixels can be optionally converted to RGB
or YCbCr 4:2:2 raster, in the last 2D graphics engine processing stages.
For 4:2:0 macroblock conversion using the resize operator for chroma upsampling:
BLT_S2SZ.SRC2_WIN_HEIGHT = chroma line height = luma line height / 2,
BLT_S2SZ.SRC2_WIN_WIDTH = luma pixel width,
BLT_S1SZ.WIN_HEIGHT = luma line height,
BLT_S1SZ.WIN_WIDTH = luma pixel width,
BLT_ACK.MODE = logical operation OR or 4:2:0 source1/ source 2 YCbCr concatenation,
BLT_INS.2DRESCALE = enable,
BLT_RZC.2DHF_MODE = disable,
BLT_RZC.2DVF_MODE = enable on color channel,
BLT_RZC.VSRC_OFFSET = 0,
BLT_RSF.VSRC_INC = 512.
A macro-block frame buffer may be accessed in frame mode, or in field mode, depending on bits
BLT_S1TY.MB_FIELD and BLT_S2TY.MB_FIELD. In frame mode, all source lines are read, in
field mode, the blitter reads every other line. This is very useful for handling interlaced video, in a
blitter-based PIP application for instance.

47.7 Blitter XYL mode
47.7.1 XYL standard mode

Instead of scanning a rectangular area to generate XY addresses, the blitter can directly access
random XY addresses, pre-computed by the CPU, and stored linearly in a memory buffer. Typical
use: shapes (circles, ellipses), fonts, polygon lines and fill, run-length decoder.
The address of this buffer is given in BLT_XYP. The buffer contains a list of subinstructions. A
subinstruction consists either of a single pixel processing, or of a horizontal line processing. For
a given blitter XYL operation (that is, corresponding to a single blitter node), all the
subinstructions must be of the same type.
Four subinstruction formats are supported in XYL standard mode:
● XY: single pixel access. Only XY coordinates are provided, the drawing color is given by the
drawing context (color fill register BLT_S2CF).
● XYC: single pixel access. XY coordinates are provided, as well as the drawing color C that
may change for each pixel (including the alpha component).
● XYL: horizontal line access. XY coordinates correspond the left pixel of the line, the L
parameter provides the line length, in pixel unit.The drawing color is given by the drawing
context (color fill register BLT_S2CF).
● XYLC: all the parameters are specified for any subinstruction, XY coordinates, line length
and drawing color.
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Whatever the subinstruction format, a subinstruction is always stored as 4-consecutive 32-bit

words in memory:
Table 156: XYL subinstruction formats in memory
XY XYC XYL XYLC

1st 32-bit word X X X X
2nd 32-bit word Y Y Y Y
3rd 32-bit word unused unused L L
4th 32-bit word unused C unused C
The number of subinstructions involved in a blitter XYL instruction is provided in register

BLT_XYL. An XYL operation can be considered as a normal blitter operation, except that instead
of self-addressing rectangular areas, the blitter reads the pixel addresses in memory, in what is
called the subinstructions buffer.
In standard XYL mode, the blitter performs a write-only access at the specified XY location in the
target bitmap if the ALU is in bypass source 2 operating mode. Source 1 must be disabled.
The blitter performs read/modify/write, if source 1 is enabled and a combining operation
(blending or logical boolean) has been programmed in the ALU. In this case, source 1 and the
target must have the same bitmap context. The blitter first reads the current pixel at the XY
location, using the source 1 resources for memory access. It then combines this pixel with the
source 2 color fill register (BLT_S2CF), or the color provided in the subinstruction if XYC/XYLC.
The result is written back to the same memory location.
When XYL or XYLC subinstructions are selected, this sequence reiterates for each pixel of the
horizontal line (pipeline implementation).
The XYL blitter feature supports any color format with a 4:4:4 sampling structure; 4:2:2 and 4:2:0
modes are not supported.
The color (register BLT_S2CF or C field in the XYC or XYLC subinstruction) must be formatted
(that is, programmed as internally represented at the source 2 formatter output, see
Section 47.5.1 on page 429).

For example, in RGB565 mode, to write 0xABCD (R = 21, G = 30, B = 11), BLT_S2CF must be
programmed with 0x80A8 7858 (an opaque alpha channel added plus expansion to 8 bits per
component).
Table 157 shows the features available when working in XYL mode.
Table 157: Blitter XYL capabilities
XYL mode
Blitter feature Comment
availability
Color fill Yes Source 2 color fill only, with XY and XYL subinstruction format
4:2:X to 4:4:4 No No meaning
4:4:4 to 4:2:X No No meaning
Programmable H/V scan No No meaning
Color space conversion Yes Output color space converter only
CLUT operator No
2D-resize No
Flicker reduction No
Color keying Yes
Rectangular clipping Yes
Plane-mask Yes
Clipmask Yes See description below
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Clipmask feature when working in XYL mode:

The clipmask feature, when working in XYL mode, requires source 2 memory access to access
the clipmask data. That means the whole source 2 address generator must be programmed to
access this 1-bpp or 8-bpp data, and each register takes the following meaning:
● BLT_S2TY: clipmask bitmap parameters (such as pitch, format).
● BLT_S2BA: memory address for the (0,0) clipmask value.
● BLT_S2XY: clipmask positioning, that is, XY location of the (0,0) clipmask origin, with
respect to the target (0,0) origin.
● BLT_S2SZ: unused.
The ALU must be programmed for clipmask in XYL mode with either a logical operation, or
blending with source 2 not premultiplied, or blending with source 2 premultiplied (MODE in
register BLT_ACK).
In a MediaHighway drawing context, a clipmask validity window is defined, as well as a standard
rectangular clipping window. For the blitter XYL to be compliant, the hardware rectangular
clipping window must be programmed (BLT_CWO and BLT_CWS), with the intersection of the
two software drawing context windows. Outside this resulting window, no write is performed.
The following hardware sequence occurs:
● Read the current target pixel at the (X,Y) location, in the target color bitmap, using source 1
address generator.
● Read the corresponding clipmask data XCOORD and YCOORD (BLT_S2XY) in the
clipmask bitmap, using source 2 address generator.
● Combine the source 1 pixel with the BLT_S2CF color in the ALU, according to the ALU
operation code, and depending on the current clipmask data. See Section 47.5.12 on
page 444 for details about ALU behavior with respect to clipmask data (clipmask is
equivalent to bitmap mask).
● If this x, y location is valid (inside the clipping window), then write the resulting pixel at the
(X, Y) location, in the target color bitmap, using the target address generator.

Figure 128: Example of an XY access with clipmask (logical ROP)
Target bitmap
X from subinstruction (SRC1/TARGET)
BLT_S1BA = BLT_TBA
(pixel 0,0)
BLT_S2XY vector
Y from subinstruction
HW rectangular clipping window

SW rectangular clipping window
Clipmask active area
Target pitch
CLIPMASK_LINEAR_BASE_ADDRESS
BLT_S2BA
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Area filled with 0 Areas when writing

is allowed (MAS)
Area filled with 1 (red)
(can be updated)
clipmask pitch
BLT_S2TY.PITCH
47.7.2 How to use XYL mode

Set bit XYL (register BLT_INS) to program the blitter in XY mode.
The byte memory location for the XYL subinstruction buffer is set in register BLT_XYP. The XYL
subinstruction size is always 128 bits, whatever the format of these subinstructions: XY, XYL,
XYC, or XYLC. The subinstruction format is set using SUBINS (BLT_XYL), and their number is
given by NUM_SUBINS.
The different ALU operations set by MODE (BLT_ACK) can then be performed. Not all ALU
operations are allowed in XYL mode. The following ones are allowed and are described below:
0001: logical operation
0010: Blending mode, source 2 unweighted
0011: Blending mode, source 2 weighted
0111: bypass source 2
1001: Clipmask in XY mode, logical op
1010: Clipmask in XY mode, source 2 unweighted
1011: Clipmask in XY mode, source 2 weighted

0001, 0010, 0011: logical operation, and blend

These operations are performed between two sources. Source 1 accesses the destination area
using BLT_S1BA and BLT_S1TY.
If a color is defined inside the XY subinstruction (XYuC or XYLC), this color is used. Otherwise
the color set in BLT_S2CF is used (source 2 color fill register). The ALU performs the operation
between source 1, unmodified, and the static color. Source 2 weight is handled using the normal
ALU datapath. The resulting composition is sent back to memory at its initial position using
BLT_TBA and BLT_TTY, which are equal to BLT_S1BA and BLT_S1TY.
If these two registers (BLT_TBA and BLT_TTY) are not set as equal to their S1 equivalent
(BLT_S1BA and BLT_S1TY), the XYL result can be stored in another memory destination.
Figure 129: Datapath in ROP or blend (weighted/unweighted)
S1(S1 bitmap) Cxy(BLT_XYL) S2CF (BLT_S2C)
XY format (BLT_XYL)
ALU
(logical operation) ALU opcod (BLT_ACK)
DES(Target bitmap)
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0111: bypass source 2

In this mode, source 1 is not accessed, as no operation is performed with the background. It only
writes the new color at the destination location. This is the only mode where read/modify/write
are not performed for data in the memory. Only a write is performed.
1001: clipmask pass in XY mode (ROP)

The clipmask is accessed through the source 2 interface. It means source 2 has to be fully set to
access the clipmask bitmap (BLT_S2BA, BLT_S2TY and BLT_S2SZ).
BLT_S2CF remains the second operand for ROP if no color is defined in the XYLC
subinstruction.
The source 2 bitmap is used as clipmask. In ROP (logical operation) mode, the clipmask (source
2 bitmap) can be used only in A1 format. When A1 = 0, the background is passed. This means
that the source 2 alpha is replaced by 0xFF, so that the existing datapath (Aa in clipmask pass 2)
is not modified.
When A1 = 1 the operation is executed normally.

Figure 130: Clipmask ROP in XYL format
Cxy(BLT_XYL) S2CF (BLT_S2C)

S1(S1 bitmap)
XY format (BLT_XYL)
{0xFF,R,G,B}
0 1 Clipmask value(S2) (S2 bitmap in A1)
ALU
if Alpha = 0xFF bypass S1, else ROP ALU opcod (BLT_ACK)
DES(BLT_Txx)
1010/1011: Clipmask pass in XY mode (blend, source 2 unweighted/weighted)

The clipmask is again accessed through the source 2 interface, as in the previous mode, but this
time it can be either A1 or A8 format. Only the alpha channel is modified, and the computing of
alpha changes as shown in Figure 131.
Figure 131: Destination alpha computation

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GLOBALalpha
Clipmask alpha
Global alpha (alpha of S2 bitmap)

Source 2 alpha
Subinstruction
(alpha of S2 bitmap) S2CF alpha C alpha
ALU opcod 0 1
XY format
(1010 or 1011)
(BLT_XYL)
0 1 weighted
0 1 S2 weighted/unweighted
Normal behavior for

ALU alpha channel
Behavior when in XYL clipmask operand (weighted/unweighted)

47.8 Local memory storage of supported graphics formats
47.8.1 General aspects

Memory storage (128-bit word) for all graphics data is little endian.
Figure 132: Little endian convention for a 128-bit word
Byte address increases

Bit 127 Bit 0
128-bit word Byte Byte Byte Byte Byte

address: ADDR 15 14 i 1 0
Byte address: ADDR x 16 + 14 Byte address: ADDR x 16 + 1

Byte address: ADDR x 16 + 15 Byte address: ADDR x 16 + i Byte address: ADDR x 16
For any graphics format (except 4:2:0 planes), a bitmap can always be considered as a
rectangular area, with a width in pixel units, and a height in line units.
The (0, 0) origin is always the upper-left corner of the bitmap. Any pixel can be internally
addressed using an (x, y) model, with the (0, 0) reference pixel being the top-left location of the
rectangular area.
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Figure 133: 2D-graphics frame-based raster storage
width w (pixel unit)

0,0 reference
(base address)
0,0 1,0 line 0 w-1,0
0,1 line 1
pixel
x, y
height Byte address
h increases
(line unit)
0,h-1 line (h-1) w-1,h-1
pitch (byte unit)
When stored in the local memory, pixel (0,0) is stored at the lowest byte address. The scan order
is from left to right horizontally, and from top to bottom vertically. For each line (constant y
coordinate), the pixel address increases when the x coordinate increments.
The pitch is the distance in bytes between any pair of vertically adjacent pixels (same x
coordinate, y/y+1). The pitch is at least the width multiplied by the number of bytes per pixel, but

can be greater (for instance, byte stuffing for memory alignment considerations, or global
bitmaps containing elementary bitmaps, side-by-side).
The specific organization within a 128-bit word is described below for each format.
47.8.2 32-bit per pixel format - true color

Figure 134: ARGB8888 alignment in a 128-bit word
Bit 127 Bit 0

31 24 23 16 15 8 7 0
128-bit word Blue Alpha Green Blue Alpha Red Green Blue
Alpha Red Green Blue Alpha Red Green Red
address 3 2 1 0
Pixel X+3 Pixel X+2 Pixel X+1 Pixel X
32-bit pixel address increases
Note: 1 The memory address for pixel (0,0) must be aligned on a 32-bit word address boundary.
2 The pitch value must be a multiple of four bytes.
Figure 135: AYCbCr8888 alignment in a 128-bit word

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Bit 127 Bit 0

31 24 23 16 15 8 7 0
128-bit word Alpha Alpha Cr Y Cb
Alpha Cr Y Cb Alpha Cr Y Cb Cr Y Cb
address 3 2 1 0


Figure 136: RGB888 alignment in a 128-bit word (3-word period/16-pixel period)

byte address increases
Bit 127 Bit 0

23 16 15 8 7 0
128-bit word Red Green Blue
address ADDR Red Green Blue 2 1 0
Pixel X+5 Pixel X+4 Pixel X+3 Pixel X+2 Pixel X+1 Pixel X
128-bit word
address ADDR + 1
Pixel X+10 Pixel X+9 Pixel X+8 Pixel X+7 Pixel X+6 Pixel X+5
128-bit word
address ADDR + 2
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Figure 137: YCbCr888 alignment in a 128-bit word (3-word period/16-pixel period)

Bit 127 Bit 0

23 16 15 87 0
128-bit word Cr Y Cb Cr Y Cb
address ADDR 2 1 0
128-bit word
address ADDR+1
128-bit word
address ADDR+2

Figure 138: ARGB8565 alignment in a 128-bit word (3-word period/16-pixel period)
23 16 15 11 10 5 4 0
Alpha 8 Red 5 Green 6 Blue 5

Bit 127 Bit 0

23 16 15 0
128-bit word Alpha
Alpha RGB Alpha RGB Alpha RGB Alpha RGB RGB
address ADDR 2 1 0
address ADDR + 2
128-bit word
address ADDR + 1
128-bit word
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Figure 139: RGB565 alignment in a 128-bit word
15 11 10 5 4 0

Red 5 Green 6 Blue 5
Bit 127 Bit 0

15 0
128-bit word RGB RGB RGB RGB RGB RGB RGB RGB
address ADDR
Pixel X+7 Pixel X
2 The pitch value must be a multiple of two bytes.

Figure 140: YCbCr 4:2:2 (16 bpp)

Bit 127 Bit 0
31 24 23 16 15 87 0
128-bit word Y Cr Y Cb Y Cr Y Cb Y Cr Y Cb Y Cr Y Cb
address 3 2 1 0

Pixel X+7 Pixel X+5 Pixel X+3 Pixel X+1
3 X is even on this diagram.
15 14 10 9 5 4 0
16-bit pixel address increases R5 G5 B5

A1
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Bit 127 Bit 0

15 0
128-bit word ARGB ARGB ARGB ARGB ARGB ARGB ARGB ARGB
address ADDR
Pixel X+7 Pixel X
15 12 11 8 7 4 3 0
16-bit pixel address increases A4 R4 G4 B4

Bit 127 Bit 0

15 0
128-bit word ARGB ARGB ARGB ARGB ARGB ARGB ARGB ARGB
address ADDR
Pixel X+7 Pixel X

47.8.5 16-bit per pixel format - CLUT based

Figure 143: ACLUT88 alignment in a 128-bit word
16-bit pixel address increases 15 8 7 0

Alpha Index
Bit 127 Bit 0
128-bit word Alpha Index Alpha Index Alpha Index Alpha Index Alpha Index Alpha Index Alpha Index Alpha Index
address ADDR 1 0
Pixel X+7 Pixel X
47.8.6 8-bit per pixel format

Figure 144: CLUT8 / A8 alignment in a 128-bit word

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Bit 127 Bit 0

7 0
128-bit word Index Index Index Index Index Index Index Index Index Index Index Index Index Index Index Index
address ADDR or α or α or α or α or α or α or α or α or α or α or α or α or α or α or α or α
Pixel X+15
Pixel X
Note: The memory address for pixel (0,0) must be byte-aligned.

Alpha Index
Bit 127 Bit 0
128-bit word
address ADDR
Pixel X+15
Pixel X
Note: The memory address for pixel (0,0) must be byte-aligned.

47.8.7 1/2/4 bpp format


Pix (x) Pix (x+1)
Bit 127 Bit 0
128-bit word
address ADDR
Pixel X+31
Pixel X
Note: 1 The memory address for pixel (0,0) must be byte-aligned.

2 The pitch is specified in bytes.
Figure 147: CLUT2 alignment in a 128-bit word
2-bit pixel address increases 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Pix (x) Pix (x+1)
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Pix (x+2) Pix (x+3)
Bit 127
Bit 0
128-bit word
address ADDR
Pixel X+63
Pixel X

Figure 148: ACLUT1 / A1 alignment in a 128-bit word
1-bit pixel address increases 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Byte address increases x x+2 x+4 x+6
x+1 x+3 x+5 x+7
Bit 127
Bit 0
128-bit word
address ADDR
Pixel X+127
Pixel X

3 The pixel ordering within a byte, as shown in the previous three figures, is the one supported by
the display pipelines. The blitter can support either the pixel ordering as shown, or the reverse
order, so that the cell can handle any organization.

STx7100 48 2D graphics processor registers
48 2D graphics processor registers
Blitter register addresses are provided as

BlitterBaseAddress + BlitterRegsBaseAddress + offset.
Blitter 2D coefficient addresses are provided as
BlitterBaseAddress + Blitter2DFilterOffset + offset.
The BlitterBaseAddress is:
0x1920 B000.
The BlitterRegsBaseAddress is:
0x000.
The Blitter2DFilterOffset is:
0x800.
48.1 Register map

Table 158: Blitter register map overview
Register function Register Offset Type 128-bit word alignment

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CPU Control / status registers BLT_CTRL 0x00 R/W
BLT_STA1 0x04 RO
BLT_STA2 0x08 RO
BLT_STA3 0x0C Mixed
General configuration BLT_NIP 0x10 R/W/LLU Node
BLT_USR 0x14 RO/LLU

128-bit word 1
BLT_INS 0x18 RO/LLU
Source 1 configuration BLT_S1BA 0x1C RO/LLU
BLT_S1TY 0x20 RO/LLU Node
BLT_S1XY 0x24 RO/LLU

128-bit word 2
BLT_S1SZ 0x28 RO/LLU
BLT_S1CF 0x2C RO/LLU
Source 2 configuration BLT_S2BA 0x30 RO/LLU Node
BLT_S2TY 0x34 RO/LLU

128-bit word 3
BLT_S2XY 0x38 RO/LLU
BLT_S2SZ 0x3C RO/LLU
BLT_S2CF 0x40 RO/LLU Node

Memory node
Target configuration BLT_TBA 0x44 RO/LLU

128-bit word 4
BLT_TTY 0x48 RO/LLU
BLT_TXY 0x4C RO/LLU

48 2D graphics processor registers STx7100
Table 158: Blitter register map overview
Register function Register Offset Type 128-bit word alignment
Rectangular clipping window BLT_CWO 0x50 RO/LLU Node
BLT_CWS 0x54 RO/LLU

128-bit word 5
CLUT and color space conversion BLT_CCO 0x58 RO/LLU
BLT_CML 0x5C RO/LLU
2D-rescaler BLT_RZC 0x60 RO/LLU Node
BLT_HFP 0x64 RO/LLU

128-bit word 6
BLT_VFP 0x68 RO/LLU
BLT_RSF 0x6C RO/LLU
Flicker filter BLT_FF0 0x70 RO/LLU Node
BLT_FF1 0x74 RO/LLU

128-bit word 7
BLT_FF2 0x78 RO/LLU
BLT_FF3 0x7C RO/LLU
ALU / Color key BLT_ACK 0x80 RO/LLU Node
BLT_KEY1 0x84 RO/LLU

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128-bit word 8
BLT_KEY2 0x88 RO/LLU
Plane mask BLT_PMK 0x8C RO/LLU
Raster scan trigger BLT_RST 0x90 RO/LLU Node
Memory node
XYL mode BLT_XYL 0x94 RO/LLU
128-bit word 9
BLT_XYP 0x98 RO/LLU
Reserved - 0x9C -
STBus bandwidth limiter BLT_STB 0xF0 R/W
STBus protocol / packet maximum size BLT_PKZ 0xFC R/W

48.2 Register descriptions
BLT_CTRL Blitter control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SUSP2
SUSP1
START
RST
Reserved
Address: BlitterBaseAddress + BlitterRegsBaseAddress + 0x00

Type: R/W
Buffer: Immediate
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register controls the blitter activity.
[31:4] Reserved
[3] SUSP2
1: Suspend the blitter as soon as possible:
- after the current instruction is completed if the 2D-resize engine or the flicker-filter is enabled,
- at the end of the current target line in other cases.
[2] SUSP1
1: Suspend the blitter after the current instruction is completed
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[1] START
Write 1 then 0 to start the blitter: The node at the address stored in BLT_NIP is fetched and executed
[0] RST: Soft reset: the blitter goes back to an idle state.
BLT_STA1 Blitter status 1
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
INSTR_PTR_MEM_ADDR

Type: RO
Buffer: Immediate
Reset: Undefined
Description: Provides the memory address of the instruction pointer for the current blitter operation.
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved TARGET_LINE_NUM

Type: RO
Buffer: Immediate
Reset: Undefined
Description: This register provides the current line number to be processed by the blitter, with
reference to the target height. The first line transferred is line 0 (and can be the top or
the bottom line, depending on the programmed vertical scan order in TTY).
Note: This value is useful when a blitter instruction has been suspended to enable a higher
priority blitter operation.

31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SUSP
IRQR
IRQC
RDY
Reserved
Address: BlitterBaseAddress + BlitterRegsBaseAddress + 0x0C

Type: Mixed: R/W except for bit 0, RO
Buffer: Immediate
Reset: Undefined
Description: This register shows the activity of the blitter (to identify the interrupt source, if any).
[31:4] Reserved
[3] SUSP: CURRENT_BLIT_SUSPENDED
[2] IRQR: CURRENT_BLIT_READY2START IRQ
If the blitter has stopped in a Ready2Start state, a start command, register bit BLT_CTRL.START, is
required to resume; no new node is fetched prior to the execution.
[1] IRQC: Current_Blit_Completed IRQ
[0] RDY: Ready (read only)
0: Busy
1: Ready
Bit RDY is reset on a start command, and is set again once the whole link-list has been executed (next
instruction pointer = 0), or on a reset command.
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Note: Setting the appropriate bit in this register resets the interrupt request (for example, writing
0x2 in this register clears the CURRENT_BLIT_COMPLETED interrupt status bit, once
processed).
Status bits 1, 2 and 3 have no meaning if the corresponding interrupt is disabled (see
BLT_INS[20:18])
BLT_NIP Next instruction pointer
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NIP_BANK_NUM NIP_MEM_ADDR

Type: R/W/LLU
Buffer: Double-bank: automatic hardware toggle
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register provides the memory location of the next instruction to execute. The blitter
stops when this register is 0 (last node of the link-list).
[31:26] NIP_BANK_NUM: 64 MB bank number
[25:0] NIP_MEM_ADDR: Memory address for the next instruction pointer for current BLIT

BLT_USR User-specific modes
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
GENERAL_PURPOSE

Type: RO/LLU
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register is available for the software to implement special synchronization
schemes, or any other required tricks.
BLT_INS Blitter instruction
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
TRIG_COND_CTRL
PLANE_MASK
2DRESCALE
RECT_CLIP
FILCK_FILT
IRQ_MASK
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
CLUTOP
OCSC
CKEY
SRC2
SRC1
ICSC
XYL
Confidential

Type: RO/LLU
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register controls the data flow configuration of the blitter engine, the interrupt model
and the trigger condition.
[31] Reserved
[30:24] TRIG_COND_CTRL: Set trigger condition control
[30]: wait for Vsync event, start of bottom field [29]: wait for Vsync event, start of top field
[28]: wait for end of capture event, bottom field [27]: wait for end of capture event, top field
[26]: wait for raster compare event, bottom field [25]: wait for raster compare event, top field
[24]: VTG selection: 0:VTG1, 1:VTG2
Note: A raster compare event is generated when the current video line number, provided by the selected
VTG, equals the value programmed in BLT_RST (with a progressive display, use top-field control bits
only).
[23] XYL: When set to 1, this bit indicates that the current instruction is a XYL blitter operation
[22:21] Reserved
[20:18] IRQ_MASK: IRQ enable mask
[20]: Enable Current_Blit_Suspended interrupt. If set, an interrupt is generated once the blitter has
reached the idle state, following a suspend command.
[19]: Enable CURRENT_BLIT_READY2START interrupt. If set, an interrupt is generated after the new
instruction node has been captured, before the execution starts. The blitter is then in an idle state, waiting
for the CPU to activate the start command in BLT_CTRL.
[18]: Enable Current_Blit_Completed interrupt. If set, an interrupt is generated once the blitter operation is
completed. Then the blitter stops, and a start command is mandatory to continue.
[17:15] Reserved
[14] PLANE_MASK: Enable plane mask
[13] Reserved
[12] OCSC: Enable output color space converter

[11] CKEY: Enable color key

[10] RECT_CLIP: Enable rectangular clipping
[9] FLICK_FILT: Enable flicker filter on source 2
[8] 2DRESCALE: Enable 2D-rescaling engine on source 2
[7] CLUTOP: Enable CLUT-based operator on source 2
[6] ICSC: Enable input color space converter
[5] Reserved
[4:3] SRC2: Source 2 mode
00: Source 2 disabled 01: Source 2 fetched from memory
10: Reserved 11: Source 2 color fill register
[2:0] SRC1: Source 1 mode
000: Source 1 disabled 001: Source 1 fetched from memory
010: Reserved 011: Source 1 color fill register
100: Source 1 direct-copy mode 101: Reserved
110: Reserved 111: Source 1 direct-fill mode
BLT_RST Raster scan trigger
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
VTG
Reserved Reserved TRIG_LINE_NUM

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Type: Read/LLU
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register contains the video line number for conditionally starting a blitter operation.
[31:17] Reserved
[16] VTG: 0: VTG1 1: VTG2
[15:11] Reserved
[10:0] TRIG_LINE_NUM: expected video line number to trigger
BLT_S1BA Source 1 base address
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
S1BA_BANK_NUM S1BA_MEM_ADDR

Type: Read/LLU
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register provides the byte memory location of the pixmap (pixel (0,0)), for retrieving
graphics data for blitter source 1. Pixel (0,0) is always the upper-left pixel.
[31:26] S1BA_BANK_NUM: 64 MB bank number
[25:0] S1BA_MEM_ADDR: byte address of the first pixel
Note: In XYL standard mode, this register must be programmed with the base address of the
target bitmap.

BLT_S1XY Source 1 XY location
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
YCOORD XCOORD

Type: Read/LLU
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register gives the XY location of the first pixel to be transferred, with reference to
the top-left corner of the blitter source 1 bitmap [0,0]. This XY location depends on the
programmed horizontal and vertical scan order (register BLT_S1TY).
[31:16] YCOORD: Y coordinate of the first pixel to be transferred (signed)
[15:0] XCOORD: X coordinate of the first pixel to be transferred (signed)
BLT_S1TY Source 1 type
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ALPHA_RANGE
PIXMAP_PITCH
BIGNOTLITTLE
COLOR_FORM
MB_FIELD
RGB_EXP
SUBBYTE
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
HSO
VSO
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Type: Read/LLU
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register configures the color format, pitch and raster scan order for the blitter
source 1 pixmap.
[31] Reserved
[30] BIGNOTLITTLE: Bitmap endianness
0: Little endian 1: Big endian
[29] RGB_EXP: RGB expansion mode
0: Missing LSBs are filled with 0 1: MSBs are duplicated on missing LSBs
[28] SUBBYTE: Sub-byte formats, pixels ordering
0: Screen most right pixel in most significant bits 1: Screen most right pixel in least significant bits
[27:26] Reserved
[25] VSO: Vertical scan order
0: Top to bottom) 1: Bottom to top
[24] HSO: Horizontal scan order
0: Left to right 1: Right to left
[23] MB_FIELD: access mode in macro-block organized frame buffers (YCbCr420MB and YCbCr422MB)
0: Access in frame mode 1: Access in field mode (every other line)
[22] Reserved
[21] ALPHA_RANGE: 8-bit alpha range (for ARGB8565, ARGB8888, ACLUT88 and A8 formats only)
0: 0 to 128 (128 means opaque) 1: 0 to 255 (255 means opaque)

[20:16] COLOR_FORM: pixmap color format

RGB types CLUT types
0 0000: RGB565 0 1000: CLUT1
0 0001: RGB888 0 1001: CLUT2
0 0100: ARGB8565 0 1010: CLUT4
0 0101: ARGB8888 0 1011: CLUT8
0 0110: ARGB1555 0 1100: ACLUT44
0 0111: ARGB4444 0 1101: ACLUT88
YCbCr types Miscellaneous types
1 0000: YCbCr888 1 1000: A1
1 0010: Reserved 1 1001: A8
1 0011: YCbCr422MB 1 1111: BYTE
1 0100: YCbCr420MB
1 0101: AYCbCr8888
For modes YCbCr4;2;2MB and YCbCr4;2;0MB (macroblock based, dual buffer), source 1 and source 2
are both used, and must be programmed with the same color format
[15:0] PIXMAP_PITCH: Pixmap pitch in bytes
Note: In XYL standard mode, this register must be filled with the bitmap characteristics of the
target bitmap. Bits 24 and 25 have no meaning and should be set to 0.
BLT_S1SZ Source 1/target window size
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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Reserved WIN_HEIGHT Reserved WIN_WIDTH

Type: Read/LLU
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register gives the width and height of the rectangular window to be transferred. The
size of the target always matches source 1 size (no scaling is provided on source 1
path). Hence, there is only one physical register.
[31:28] Reserved
[27:16] WIN_HEIGHT: Height (in lines) of window to be transferred
[15:12] Reserved
[11:0] WIN_WIDTH: Width (in pixels) of window to be transferred
Note: In XYL standard mode, this register is not used.
BLT_S1CF Source 1 color fill
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SRC1_COLOR_FILL

Type: Read/LLU
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register provides the solid color value to be used for filling or shading from source 1
during a blitter operation. The number of significant bits varies (from 1 bpp to 32 bpp)
according to the bit depth of the selected color format. The value is always right-justified
in the 32-bit physical register.

BLT_S2BA Source 2 base address
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
S2BA_BANK_NUM S2BA_MEM_ADDR

Type: Read/LLU
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register provides the byte memory location address of the pixmap (pixel (0,0)), for
retrieving graphics data for blitter source 2. Pixel (0,0) is always the upper-left pixel.
[31:26] S2BA_BANK_NUM: 64 MB bank number
[25:0] S2BA_MEM_ADDR: Byte address of the first pixel
clipmask bitmap, if any.
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BLT_S2TY Source 2 type
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CHROMA_LEFT
ALPHA_RANGE
PIXMAP_PITCH
BIGNOTLITTLE
COLOR_FORM
MB_FIELD
LINE_RPT
RGB_EXP
SUBBYTE
Reserved
Reserved
HSO
VSO

Type: Read/LLU
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register configures the color format, pitch and raster scan order for the blitter
source 2 pixmap.
[31] Reserved
[29] RGB_EXP: RGB expansion mode
0: Missing LSBs are filled with 0 1: MSBs are duplicated on missing LSBs
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0: Screen most right pixel in most significant bits 1: Screen most right pixel in least significant bits
[27] LINE_RPT: Chroma line repeat mode if source is YCbCr420MB
0: No line repeat: the vertical chroma upsampling must be done using the 2D-resize
1: The vertical chroma upsampling uses a line repeat scheme
[26] CHROMA_LEFT: Chroma left extended
0: If the first chroma sample in a line is Y-only, its chroma is estimated from the following pixel only
1: If the first chroma sample in a line is Y-only, its chroma is estimated by averaging the following pixel
and the previous sample (out of the defined S2 window)
[23] MB_FIELD: Access mode in macro-block organized frame buffers (YCbCr420MB and YCbCr422MB)
0: Access in frame mode 1: Access in field mode (every other line)
[22] Reserved

[20:16] COLOR_FORM: Pixmap color format

0 0000: RGB565 0 1000: CLUT1
0 0001: RGB888 0 1001: CLUT2
0 0100: ARGB8565 0 1010: CLUT4
0 0101: ARGB8888 0 1011: CLUT8
0 0110: ARGB1555 0 1100: ACLUT44
0 0111: ARGB4444 0 1101: ACLUT88
YCbCr types MISC types
1 0000: YCbCr888 1 1000: A1
1 0010: YCbCr422R 1 1001: A8
1 0011: YCbCr422MB 1 1111: BYTE
1 0100: YCbCr420MB
1 0101: AYCbCr8888
For modes YCbCr4;2;2MB and YCbCr4;2;0MB (macroblock based, dual buffer), sourceS 1 and 2 are
both used, and must be programmed with the same color format.
Note: In XYL standard mode, this register must be filled with the characteristics of the clipmask
bitmap, if any. Bits [24, 25, 26, 27, 29] have no meaning and should be set to 0.
BLT_S2XY Source 2 XY location
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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YCOORD XCOORD

Type: Read/LLU
Reset: 0x00
the top-left corner of the blitter source 2 bitmap (0,0). This XY location depends on the
programmed horizontal and vertical scan order (register BLT_S2TY).
[31:16] YCOORD: Y coordinate of the first pixel to be transferred (signed).
[15:0] XCOORD: X coordinate of the first pixel to be transferred (signed).
Note: In XYL standard mode, this register contains the 2D-vector that gives the location of the
(0,0) clipmask value, with respect to the (0,0) pixel location of the target bitmap. XCOORD
provides the horizontal offset, YCOORD provides the vertical offset (both values are 16-bit
signed integers).

BLT_S2SZ Source 2 window size
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved SRC2_WIN_HEIGHT Reserved SRC2_WIN_WIDTH

Type: Read/LLU
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register gives the width and height of the rectangular window to be transferred.
[31:28] Reserved
[27:16] SRC2_WIN_HEIGHT: Height (in lines) of source 2 window to be transferred
[15:12] Reserved
[11:0] SRC2_WIN_WIDTH: Width (in pixels) of source 2 window to be transferred
BLT_S2CF Source 2 color fill
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SRC2_COLOR_FILL
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Type: Read/LLU
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register provides the solid color value to be used for filling or shading from source 2
during a blitter operation. The number of significant bits varies from 1 bpp to 32 bpp
according to the bit depth of the selected color format. The value is always right-justified
in the 32-bit physical register.
Note: In XYL standard mode, configured for either XY or XYL sub-instruction format, this register
contains the drawing color data. When XYC or XYLC format is used, the register content is
“don’t care”.
BLT_TBA Target base address
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
TBA_BANK_NUM TBA_MEM_ADDR

Type: Read/LLU
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register provides the byte memory location of the target pixmap (pixel (0,0)), for
storing the result of the blitter operation (target data). Pixel (0,0) is always the top-left
pixel.
[31:26] TBA_BANK_NUM: 64 MB bank number
[25:0] TBA_MEM_ADDR: Byte address of the first pixel
target bitmap.

BLT_TXY Target XY location
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
YCOORD XCOORD

Type: Read/LLU
Reset: 0x00
the top-left corner of the target bitmap (0,0). This XY location depends on the
programmed horizontal and vertical scan order (register BLT_TTY).
[31:16] YCOORD: Y coordinate of the first pixel to be transferred (16-bit signed)
[15:0] XCOORD: X coordinate of the first pixel to be transferred (16-bit signed)
Note: In XYL standard mode, this register is unused.

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BLT_TTY Target type
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ALPHA_RANGE
BIGNOTLITTLE
RGB_ROUND
SUBBYTE
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
HSO
VSO
COLOR_FORM PIXMAP_PITCH

Type: Read/LLU
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register configures the color format, pitch and raster scan order for the blitter target
pixmap.
[31] Reserved
[29] Reserved
0: Screen most right pixel in most significant bits
1: Screen most right pixel in least significant bits
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[27] Reserved
[26] RGB_ROUND: Rounding mode
0: Normal rounding (+0.5 then truncation) 1: Enable 2x2 dither when rounding
[23:22] Reserved
[20:16] COLOR_FORM: Pixmap color format
0 0000: RGB565 0 1000: CLUT1
0 0001: RGB888 0 1001: CLUT2
0 0100: ARGB8565 0 1010: CLUT4
0 0101: ARGB8888 0 1011: CLUT8
0 0110: ARGB1555 0 1100: ACLUT44
0 0111: ARGB4444 0 1101: ACLUT88
YCbCr types Misc types
1 0000: YCbCr888 1 1000: A1
1 0010: YCbCr422R 1 1001: A8
1 0011: YCbCr422MB 1 1111: BYTE
1 0100: YCbCr420MB
1 0101: AYCbCr8888
For modes YCbCr4;2;2MB and YCbCr4;2;0MB (macroblock based, dual buffer), source 1 and source 2
are both used, and must be programmed with the same color format
Note: In XYL standard mode, this register must be filled with the characteristics of the target
bitmap. Bits[24, 25, 27] have no meaning and should be set to 0.

BLT_CWO Clipping window offset
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved
INTNL
YDO XDO

Type: Read/LLU
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register gives the XY location of the top-left corner of the clipping window, with
reference to the target (0,0) origin (The clipping window boundaries are always
specified with positive values, as there is a default clipping mechanism for any X or Y
negative address).
[31] INTNL: Internal or external clipping
0: Writing is only allowed inside the window (including the borders)
1: Writing is only allowed outside the window (excluding the borders)
[30:16] YDO: Y coordinate (unsigned)
[15] Reserved
[14:0] XDO: X coordinate (unsigned)
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Note: In XYL standard mode, the rectangular clipping window can be used. In the MediaHighway
clipmask implementation, the clipping window must be programmed to the intersection of
the regular rectangular clipping and the rectangular clipmask window.
BLT_CWS Clipping window stop
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved
Reserved
YDS XDS

Type: Read/LLU
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register gives the XY location of the bottom-right corner of the clipping window, with
reference to the target (0,0) origin (The clipping window boundaries are always
specified with positive values, as there is a default clipping mechanism for any X or Y
negative address).
[31] Reserved
[30:16] YDS: Y coordinate (unsigned)
[15] Reserved
[14:0] XDS: X coordinate (unsigned)
Note: In XYL standard mode, the rectangular clipping window can be used. In the MediaHighway
clipmask implementation, the clipping window must be programmed to the intersection of
the regular rectangular clipping, and the rectangular clipmask window.

BLT_CCO CLUT and color conversion operators
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CCO_OUTVIDnGFX
CCO_INVIDnGFX
CLUT_ERRDIFF
CCO_OUTSIGN
CLUT_UPDATE
CCO_OUTCOL
CCO_INSIGN
CLUT_MODE
CCO_INCOL
CCO_INDIR
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Type: Read/LLU
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register controls the two color space converters and the CLUT operator.
CLUT operators
[31:23] Reserved
[22:19] CLUT_ERRDIFF: Error diffusion weight (if color reduction)
0000: 0% (disabled) 0001: 100%
0010: 75% 0011: 50%
0100: 25% 1000: Adaptive
[18] CLUT_UPDATE: Enable CLUT update
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[17:16] CLUT_MODE: CLUT operation modes

00: Color expansion mode ((A)CLUTn >> true color)
01: Color correction (true color >> true color) 10: Color reduction mode (true color >> CLUTn)
[15:11] Reserved
Color-space converters
[10] CCO_OUTVIDnGFX: Output color space converter uses
0: Graphics matrix 1: Video matrix
[9] CCO_OUTSIGN: Output color converter chroma format
0: Offset binary 1: Two’s complement, signed
[8] CCO_OUTCOL: Output color converter colorimetry
0: ITU-R BT.601 1: ITU-R BT.709
[7:4] Reserved
[3] CCO_INVIDnGFX: Input color space converter uses
0: Graphics matrix 1: Video matrix
[2] CCO_INDIR: Input color converter direction
0: YCbCr2RGB 1: RGB2YCbCr
The direction for the output color converter is automatically the opposite
[1] CCO_INSIGN: Input color converter chroma format
0: Offset binary 1: Two’s complement, signed
[0] CCO_INCOL: Input color converter colorimetry
0: ITU-R BT.601 1: ITU-R BT.709
Note: The CLUT and the input color space converter cannot be used in XYL mode. But the
output color space converter is available.

BLT_CML CLUT memory location
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CML_BANK_NUM CML_MEM_ADDR Reserved

Type: Read/LLU
Reset: 0x00
Description: Provides the byte-memory location to retrieve the CLUT data in the local memory. As
the CLUTs are always aligned on 128-bit word boundary, the four LSBs are ignored.
[31:26] CML_BANK_NUM: 64 MB bank number
[25:4] CML_MEM_ADDR: Byte address
[3:0] Reserved
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BLT_RZC 2D resize control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
OFFSET_HSRC
OFFSET_VSRC
2DHF_MODE
2DVF_MODE
FF_MODE
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
AB_H
AB_V
Reserved

Type: Read/LLU
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register configures the blitter 2D resize engine.
[31:23] Reserved
[22:20] OFFSET_VSRC: Initial subposition for the VSRC
[19] Reserved
[18:16] OFFSET_HSRC: Initial subposition for the HSRC
[15:14] Reserved
[13] AB_V: Enable AlphaVBorder
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[12] AB_H: Enable AlphaHBorder

[10:11] Reserved
[9:8] FF_MODE: Flicker filter mode
00: Force filter 0 01: Adaptive flicker filtering (RGB format only)
10: Test mode 11: Reserved
[7] Reserved
[6:4] 2DVF_MODE: 2D-filter mode (vertical)
0xx: Vertical resizer disabled
100: V.resizer enabled Vfilter inactive
101: V.resizer enabled Vfilter active on color channels, inactive on alpha channel
110: V.resizer enabled Vfilter inactive on color channels, active on alpha channel
111: V.resizer enabled Vfilter active on both color and alpha channels
[3] Reserved
[2:0] 2DHF_MODE: 2D-filter mode (horizontal)
0xx: Horizontal resizer disabled
100: H.resizer enabled Hfilter inactive
101: H.resizer enabled Hfilter active on color channels, inactive on alpha channel
110: H.resizer enabled Hfilter inactive on color channels, active on alpha channel
111: H.resizer enabled VHilter active on both color and alpha channels

BLT_HFP Horizontal filter coefficients pointer
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
HFP_BANK_NUM HFP_MEM_ADDR

Type: Read/LLU
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register provides the byte memory location for retrieving the horizontal filter
coefficients in the local memory (40 bytes).
[31:26] HFP_BANK_NUM: 64 MB bank number
[25:0] HFP_MEM_ADDR: Horizontal filter first coefficient byte address
BLT_VFP Vertical filter coefficients pointer
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
VFP_BANK_NUM VFP_MEM_ADDR

Type: Read/LLU
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Reset: 0x00
Description: This register provides the byte memory location for retrieving the vertical filter
coefficients in the local memory (40 bytes).
[31:26] VFP_BANK_NUM: 64 MB bank number
[25:0] VFP_MEM_ADDR: Vertical filter first coefficient byte address
BLT_RSF Resize scaling factor
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
VSRC_INC HSRC_INC

Type: Read/LLU
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register provides the scaling factors for both the horizontal and the vertical sample
rate converters.
[31:16] VSRC_INC: Increment value for VSRC (6.10 format)
[15:0] HSRC_INC: Increment value for HSRC (6.10 format)

BLT_FF0 Flicker filter 0
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved T0 COEFF0_N3 COEFF0_N2 COEFF0_N1

Type: Read/LLU
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register provides the flicker filter 0 coefficients, and the threshold value used to
select F0. F0 is used between 0 and T0-1.
[31:28] Reserved
[27:24] T0: Threshold value
[23:16] COEFF0_N3: (n + 1) coefficient (1.7 format)
[15:8] COEFF0_N2: (n) coefficient (1.7 format)
[7:0] COEFF0_N1: (n - 1) coefficient (1.7 format)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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Type: Read/LLU
Reset: 0x00
select F1. F1 is used between T0 and T1-1.
[31:28] Reserved

31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Type: Read/LLU
Reset: 0x00
select F2. F2 is used between T1 and T2-1.
[31:28] Reserved
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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Reserved COEFF3_N3 COEFF3_N2 COEFF3_N1

Type: Read/LLU
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register provides the flicker filter 3 coefficients, which operate in the range T2 to 15.
[31:24] Reserved
[23:16] COEFF3_N3: (n+1) coefficient (1.7 format)
[7:0] COEFF3_N1: (n-1) coefficient (1.7 format)

BLT_ACK ALU and color key control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CKEY_
Reserved ACK_CKEY GALPHA_ROPID Reserved MODE
SEL

Type: Read/LLU
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register configures the ALU and the color key module of the blitter.
[31:24] Reserved
[23:22] CKEY_SEL: Color key input selection
00: Source 1 pixel bus (destination color key)
01: Source 2 pixel bus before the CLUT (source color key)
10: Source 2 pixel bus after the CLUT (source color key)
11: Reserved
[21:16] ACK_CKEY: Color key configuration
[5:4] x0: Red / index component ignored (disabled = always match)
01: Red / index enabled: match if (Rmin ≤R ≤Rmax)
11: Red / index enabled: match if ((R < Rmin) or (R > Rmax))
When using the color key feature on a CLUT bitmap, only the blue channel parameters are relevant, as
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internally, the blue component and the index information are sharing the same data path.
[3:2] MODE[3:2]
x0: Green component ignored (disabled = always match)
01: Green enabled: match if (Gmin ≤G ≤Gmax)
11: Green enabled: match if ((G < Gmin) or (G > Gmax))
[1:0] MODE[1:0]
x0: Blue component ignored (disabled = always match)
01: Blue enabled: match if (Bmin ≤B ≤Bmax)
11: Blue enabled: match if ((B < Bmin) or (B > Bmax))
[15:8] GALPHA_ROPID
ALU global alpha (8 bits / 0 to 128), in blending mode, or ROP identifier (4 LSBs), in logical mode.
Raster operation table (GALPHA_ROPID[3:0]):
0000: CLEAR result = all 0 0001: AND result = S2 AND S1
0010: ANDrev result = S2 AND (NOT S1) 0011: COPY result = S2
0100: ANDinvert result = (NOT S2) AND S1 0101: NOOP result = S1
0110: XOR result = S2 XOR S1 0111: OR result = S2 OR S1
1000: NOR result = (NOT S2) AND (NOT S1) 1001: EQUIV result = (NOT S2) XOR S1
1010: INVERT result = (NOT S1) 1011: ORreverse result = S2 OR (NOT S1)
1100: COPYinv result = (NOT S2) 1101: ORinvert result = (NOT S2) OR S1
1110: NAND result = (NOT S2) OR (NOT S1) 1111: SET result = all 1
[7:4] Reserved
[3:0] MODE: ALU operation modes
0000: Bypass source 1 0001: Logical operation
0010: Blending mode, source 2 not premultiplied 0011: Blending mode, source 2 premultiplied
0100: Clipmask pass in logical mode / First pass 0101: Clipmask pass in blending mode
0110: 4:2:0 source 1 / 2 YCbCr concatenation 0111: Bypass source 2
1000: Clipmask pass in logical mode / 2nd pass 1001: Clipmask in XYL mode, logical operation
1010: Clipmask in XYL mode, blending operation, source 2 not premultiplied
1011: Clipmask in XYL mode, blending operation, source 2 premultiplied
Note: In XYL standard mode, only ALU operation modes 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, 10 and 11 are available.

BLT_KEY1 Color key 1
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved RED_MIN GREEN_MIN BLUE_MIN

Type: Read/LLU
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register contains the color key minimum values for the RGB components.
[31:24] Reserved
[23:16] RED_MIN: Red component minimum value
[15:8] GREEN_MIN: Green component minimum value
[7:0] BLUE_MIN: Blue component minimum value / index
BLT_KEY2 Color key 2
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved RED_MAX GREEN_MAX BLUE_MAX

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Type: Read/LLU
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register contains the color key maximum values for the RGB components.
[31:24] Reserved
[23:16] RED_MAX: Red component maximum value
[15:8] GREEN_MAX: Green component maximum value
[7:0] BLUE_MAX: Blue component maximum value / index
Note: When the color key module is intended to work on CLUT type data, only the blue path is
used (green and red should be disabled). Thus, it is possible to track a single index, as well
as a range of indexes.
BLT_PMK Plane mask
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PLANE_MASK

Type: Read/LLU
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register provides the plane mask when the feature is enabled in the blitter register
bit BLT_INS[14]. The number of valid bits (1 to 32) in a given configuration must match
the selected target pixel width. The value is always right-justified if bpp < 32.
Note: A bit in the target pixel can be updated by the new color bit, only if the corresponding bit in
the mask has been set to 1. The feature is available in XYL standard mode.

BLT_XYL XYL mode control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NUM_SUBINS Reserved SUBINS Reserved

Type: Read/LLU
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register allows to control a blitter execution when operating in XYL mode.
[31:16] NUM_SUBINS: Number of subinstructions in the XYL blitter instruction
[15:10] Reserved
[9:8] SUBINS: Subinstructions format
00: XY subinstruction 01: XYL subinstruction
10: XYC subinstruction 11: XYLC subinstruction
[7:1] Reserved
[0] Reserved: Must be set to 0.
BLT_XYP XY subinstructions pointer

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31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SUBI_BANK_NUM SUBI_MEM_ADDR

Type: Read/LLU
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register provides the byte memory location for the subinstruction buffer
[31:26] SUBI_BANK_NUM: 64 MB bank number
[25:0] SUBI_MEM_ADDR: Subinstructions buffer address

BLT_PKZ Packet size control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
BIGNOTLITTLE
Reserved
Reserved PKT_SIZE
Address: BlitterBaseAddress + BlitterRegsBaseAddress + 0xFC

Type: R/W
Buffer: Immediate
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register controls the packet size on an STBus transaction.
[31:6] Reserved
[4:3] Reserved
[2:0] PKT_SIZE: Should be set to 000.
000: Packet size = message size 001: Packet size = 16 x 128-bit words
010: Packet size = 8 x 128-bit words 011: Packet size = 4 x 128-bit words
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Note: The reason for splitting a message transaction into a smaller entity called packet, is that a
CPU access can be inserted between two consecutive packets.
BLT_STB STBus bandwidth limiter
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved BW_CNT
Address: BlitterBaseAddress + BlitterRegsBaseAddress + 0xF0

Type: R/W
Buffer: Immediate
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register controls STBus bandwidth limiter.
[31:10] Reserved
[9:0] BW_CNT: Bandwidth count
Sets the number of cycle between two requests on the STBus

48.3 Blitter 2D-filter coefficients
48.3.1 Register map

Table 159: Blitter 2D-filter register map overview
Register function Offset Name 128-bit word alignment

HFilter coefficients 0x00 BLT_HFC1 HFilter
0x04 BLT_HFC2
128-bit word 1
0x08 BLT_HFC3
0x0C BLT_HFC4
0x10 BLT_HFC5 HFilter
0x14 BLT_HFC6
128-bit word 2
0x18 BLT_HFC7
0x1C BLT_HFC8
0x20 BLT_HFC9 HFilter
0x24 BLT_HFC10
128-bit word 3
HFilter
Reserved 0x28
0x2C
VFilter coefficients 0x30 BLT_HFC1 VFilter
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0x34 BLT_HFC2
128-bit word 3
0x38 BLT_HFC3
0x3C BLT_HFC4
0x40 BLT_HFC5 VFilter
0x44 BLT_HFC6
128-bit word 4
0x48 BLT_HFC7
0x4C BLT_HFC8
0x50 BLT_HFC9 VFilter
0x54 BLT_HFC10
128-bit word 5
VFilter
Reserved 0x58
0x5C
The filter coefficients are loaded from memory each time a 2D-resize operation with filtering is
programmed. The pointers, BLT_HFP and BLT_VFP must be aligned on a 128-bit word
boundary (but the coefficients for the horizontal and vertical filters are totally independent, they
can be stored anywhere in the blitter memory space, not necessarily at adjacent locations).

48.3.2 Blitter 2D-filter registers description
BLT_HFCn Horizontal filter coefficients 1 to 10
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
HFC1 K0.3 K0.2 K0.1 K0.0
HFC2 K1.2 K1.1 K1.0 K0.4
HFC3 K2.1 K2.0 K1.4 K1.3
HFC4 K3.0 K2.4 K2.3 K2.2
HFC5 K3.4 K3.3 K3.2 K3.1
HFC6 K4.3 K4.2 K4.1 K4.0
HFC7 K5.2 K5.1 K5.0 K4.4
HFC8 K6.1 K6.0 K5.4 K5.3
HFC9 K7.0 K6.4 K6.3 K6.2
HFC10 K7.4 K7.3 K7.2 K7.1
Address: BlitterBaseAddress + Blitter2DFilterOffset + 0x00 (HFC1), 0x04 (HFC2), 0x08 (HFC3),

0x0C (HFC4), 0x10 (HFC5), 0x14 (HFC6), 0x18 (HFC7), 0x1C (HFC8), 0x20 (HFC9),
0x24 (HFC10)
Type: Read/LLU
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Reset: 0x00
Description: These registers store the horizontal sample rate converter (HSRC) coefficients. There
are eight subfilters for the HSRC; each subfilter has five 8-bit coefficients. Coefficient j of
subfilter i (subposition i) is designated Ki.j[7:0] and the format is S1.6 (1.0 is encoded as
0x40). The corresponding filter coefficient structure (40 bytes) must be aligned on a
128-bit word boundary when stored in the local memory.

BLT_VFCn Vertical filter coefficients 1 to 10
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
VFC1 K0.3 K0.2 K0.1 K0.0
VFC2 K1.2 K1.1 K1.0 K0.4
VFC3 K2.1 K2.0 K1.4 K1.3
VFC4 K3.0 K2.4 K2.3 K2.2
VFC5 K3.4 K3.3 K3.2 K3.1
VFC6 K4.3 K4.2 K4.1 K4.0
VFC7 K5.2 K5.1 K5.0 K4.4
VFC8 K6.1 K6.0 K5.4 K5.3
VFC9 K7.0 K6.4 K6.3 K6.2
VFC10 K7.4 K7.3 K7.2 K7.1
Address: BlitterBaseAddress + Blitter2DFilterOffset + 0x30 (VFC1), 0x34 (VFC2), 0x38 (VFC3),

0x3C (VFC4), 0x40 (VFC5), 0x44 (VFC6), 0x48 (VFC7), 0x4C (VFC8), 0x50 (VFC9), 0x54
(VFC10)
Type: Read/LLU
Reset: 0x00
Description: These registers store the vertical sample rate converter (VSRC) coefficients. There are
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eight subfilters for the VSRC; each subfilter has five 8-bit coefficients. Coefficient j of
subfilter i (subposition i) is designated Ki.j[7:0] and the format is S1.6 (1.0 is encoded as
0x40). The corresponding filter coefficients structure (40 bytes) must be aligned on a
128-bit word boundary when stored in the local memory.

STx7100 49 Main and auxiliary displays
49 Main and auxiliary displays
49.1 Overview
The display processors form a high quality scaling engine to provide video display processing.
They take video lines in 4:2:2 raster (R) format (one buffer) or 4:2:0 macroblock (MB) format (two
buffers) from external memory. 4:2:2 MB input format is also supported. Images are read from
memory in either frame format or field format independently programmable for chroma and luma.
This allows frame or field based vertical filtering.
The display processors can perform zoom out up to a factor of four (horizontally and vertically)
and unlimited zoom in. They provide YCbCr digital output in 4:4:4 or 4:2:2 10-bit format.
Sub-pixel and sub-line resolution pan/scan components can be specified within the source
image to determine the start of the image to be displayed from the display buffer.
49.2 Fully programmable horizontal sample rate converters

The horizontal sample rate converters include the following features:
● 8 taps interpolation luma/chroma filters
● time varying coefficients using a polyphase filtering technique,
● 32 phases and 10 bit-coefficients (value -512 to 511) stored in RAM, that is,
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16 x 8 x 8 + 3 x 32 bits for luma (the same for chroma). See Chapter 50: Main and auxiliary
display registers on page 502 for details,
● horizontal linear resizing of video,
● linear resizing: continuous resizing of video horizontally, by a programmable factor from 1/4
up to x 8192 with 2^(-13) step,
● equidistant fractional pixel position down to 1/32 of pixel,
● horizontal pan down to 1/32 pixel,
● 150 Mpixel/s maximum pixel generation rate.
49.3 Fully programmable vertical sample rate converters

Applications: zoom in/out, letter box resizing chroma upsampling (4:2:0 to 4:2:2).
The vertical sample rate converters include the following features:
● five taps interpolation luma/chroma filters,
● time varying coefficients using a polyphase filtering technique,
● 32 phases and 10 bit-coefficients stored in RAM, that is,

16 x 5 x 8 + 2*32 bits for luma, same for chroma.
● equidistant fractional line position down to 1/32 of line,
● field or frame based interpolation modes,
● vertical scan down to 1/32 line,
● vertical linear resizing of video,
● linear resizing: continuous resizing of video vertically, by a programmable factor from 1/4
and up to x8192 with 2^(-13) step,
● 150 Mpixel/s maximum pixel generation rate.

49 Main and auxiliary displays STx7100
49.4 Block diagram

Figure 149 provides a functional system overview of the HD and ID display block.
Figure 149: Graphics and video generic compositor overview
External
Local memory interface SDRAM
Register Luma and chroma SRC

interface coefficients
32
Synchronization interface (Disp clk to pix clk)
Analog and digital outputs

Y
FIFO Y/YCrCb
STBus
64 5-taps 8-taps
Luma delay line Y
V-SRC H-SRC
(10 bits)
Compositor
VF HF
32
CrCb
Cr
FIFO CrCb (10 bits)
32 5-taps 8 taps
V-SRC Chroma delay line
H-SRC
Cb
VF HF
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(10 bits)
STBus interface Display pipeline
There are four parallel vertical filters and two 8-tap chroma filters after the chroma delay lines.
49.5 Linear motion upconverter (LMU)

The LMU de-interlaces standard-definition pictures. When enabled, it generates twice as many
lines as it receives, calculating every other line from the incoming field and the last two fields. The
original lines pass through unchanged, and the last two fields are stored with motion estimation
values in the LMU chroma and luma buffers. It interfaces to an external BIST controller for testing
of the internal line memories.
The LMU uses a motion-adaptive, spatial/temporal de-interlacing algorithm controlled by
external registers. The luma and chroma blocks are independent but share LMU_BPPL and
LMU_VINL register values.
The input line size must not exceed 720 pixels due to the limited size of the internal line
memories. The de-interlacing algorithm is only required for image sizes up to 720 x 480
interlaced, that is CCIR601 resolution. These images can originate from the MPEG decoding
process or as input from the standard-definition pixel port.
Luminance and chrominance signals are converted by the LMU de-interlacing algorithm, using
information from three adjacent source fields to generate each progressive output frame.

Figure 150 illustrates the vertical/temporal relationship of lines before and after the luma de-
interlacing process.
Figure 150: Vertical/temporal input and output line relationships
480i to 480p: Luma
V Original 480i luma line

Created 480p luma line
1
60 sec T
In the above example, the LMU block calculates extra luma lines to generate a progressive
480 line 60 frame/s display from an interlaced 480 line 30 frame/s input. For each incoming field,
lines corresponding to that field are passed right through the block. Lines corresponding to the
previous field must be estimated by the LMU algorithm. Four different algorithms can be
selected:
● Motion adaptive de-interlacing, used for video sources. Missing lines are interpolated based
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on the amount of motion estimated from the previous field and frame.
● Missing lines are obtained from the following field, used for film sources.
● Missing lines are obtained from the previous field, used for film sources.
● Missing lines are blanked, simulating an interlaced display.
The associated film-mode detector accumulates frame differences over an entire field and
passes to the micro two 8-bit values representing the frame difference of both the luma and
chroma components. For optimum motion sensitivity in small regions of the picture and noise
rejection, the data is collected as follows:
1. Pixels are partitioned in groups of 16.
2. The absolute value of the frame difference is accumulated for each 16 pixel group.
3. The largest accumulated value over all groups in the field is stored in a register and is
available to the host processor.
The LMU can be activated independently for luma and chroma.

49.6 Functional description
49.6.1 Memory addressing of the source picture

The source picture to be resized and sent to video output is stored in external memory. It is
defined by the base address of the first pixel of picture stored in memory (DISP_LUMA_BA and
DISP_CHR_BA). Two base addresses are needed when the picture is stored in 4:2:0 MB (or
4:2:2 MB) format (for luma and chroma) and only one base address for 4:2:2 R format (luma and
chroma are stored together in the memory). The DISP_PMP register defines the pitch. This is
the distance in memory between two vertically adjacent samples used for vertical filtering when
4:2:2 R input format is used, and line length in pixel unit when 4:2:0 MB or 4:2:2 MB input format
is used. By changing pitch value, field or frame filtering is done in vertical SRC when 4:2:2 R
input format is used. Inside this complete picture upper left corner of rectangular part to be
resized is defined by DISP_LUMA(CHR)_XY and its size by DISP_LUMA(CHR)_SIZE (see
Figure 151). This is the only part of picture read from external memory and is considered as
‘source’ in the following sections.
Figure 151: Source and target definition
Pitch Position of target

defined by the IP
Screen following the DISP (compositor)
(0,0)*
DISP_SOURCE_XY Y
Resized picture
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X (0,0) at the display output
DISP_SRC_SIZE
DISP_TARGET_SIZE
Height
Height
DISP_TARGET_SIZE
DISP_SRC_SIZE Width
Width
* Memory location of pixel (0,0) is defined by DISP_BUFFERn_BA
When the 4:2:2 R input format is used, the source picture position is defined by
DISP_LUMA_XY.X1 and .Y1, and size by DISP_LUMA_SIZE.WIDTH1 and .HEIGHT1. Both
position and size are given with pixel precision. This means that for odd values of X1 and/or
(X1+WIDTH1), pixels with only luma information are pointed (see Figure 152). In that case (an
odd number of pixels from (0,0) to top left corner of source) first existing chroma sample right to
border defined by X1 is taken as first horizontal chroma sample. In the example of Figure 152, for
both values of X1(1) and X1(2), chroma corresponding to pixel number n+2 is taken as first left
chroma sample of the source picture. In a similar manner, for last horizontal chroma sample
when X1 + WIDTH1 is odd, chroma from pixel left to one defined by X1+WIDTH1 is taken as the
last horizontal chroma sample in the source picture. In the example of Figure 152, for both values

X1+WIDTH1 (1) and X1+WIDTH1 (2), chroma from pixel number n+m-1 is taken as the last
horizontal chroma sample within the source.
Figure 152: Chroma sampling for odd-number-sized sources (example)
X1 (1)
X1 (2) Y- CrCb -
4:2:2
X1 + WIDTH1 (1)
X1 + WIDTH1 (2)
Pixel: n n+1 n+2 n+3 ....... n +m-1 n +m
When the 4:2:0 MB or 4:2:2 MB input format is used, first and last luma and chroma samples are
defined independently. Luma samples of source are defined by X1, Y1, WIDTH1 and HEIGHT1
(registers DISP_LUMA_XY and DISP_LUMA_SIZE) comparing to top-left luma sample of
complete picture defined by DISP_LUMA_BA. In the same manner, chroma samples of the
source picture are defined by X2, Y2, WIDTH2 and HEIGHT2 (registers DISP_CHR_XY and
DISP_CHR_SIZE) comparing to top left luma sample of complete picture defined by
DISP_CHR_BA. Figure 153 shows an example of this.
Figure 153: 4:2:0 input format (example)

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X1
X2
Pixel: n n+1 n+2 n+3 ....... n+m-1 n+m

WIDTH 2
WIDTH1
Y- CrCb -
49.6.2 Processing of first and last pixels

In order to have a clean picture on vertical and horizontal borders, some special configurable
processing is performed. If the first (or last) pixel of source picture to be resized is not the first (or
last) pixel of the whole picture stored in memory, it is possible to take into account pixels that are
before (or after) that first (or last) pixel of the source. In this case, DISP_LUMA(CHR)_XY and
DISP_LUMA(CHR)_SIZE should be programmed larger by a few pixels then the picture we want
to resize. In other words, DISP_LUMA(CHR)_XY and DISP_LUMA(CHR)_SIZE define part of a
picture that are loaded in filters (accessed from memory). DISP_LUMA(CHR)_V(H)SRC bits
FYPR, FYLR, FCPR and FCLR define how many times the first/last pixel/line of that picture is

repeated in the horizontal/vertical source filter. Figure 154 shows an example of horizontal filter
initialization where the first sample is repeated two times.
Figure 154: Initiations of horizontal SRC pipeline example (first sample repeated twice)
x+5 x+4 x+3 x+2 x+1 x x x
The horizontal and vertical position of the source picture can be defined with an accuracy of 1/32
of pixel/sample. It is defined by initial phase of polyphase DTO, which is a 13-bit register
(DISP_LUMA/C_HSRC) giving 1/2^13 accuracy, but internally rounded to 1/32. Figure 155
shows an example of horizontal pan and scan, where Fl(c)pr bits defines 0 repeat of the first
sample and where initial phase (ph0) is different from 0. In Figure 155, the initial sample is
between samples (x+1) and (x+2).
Figure 155: Horizontal pan and scan example

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x x+1 x+2 x+3 x+4 x+5 x+6 x+7
First sample defined ph0

by DISP_LUMA(CHR)_XY
First sample
position
If initial phase is 0 then the first sample is (x+3) in previous example and (x+1) in the Figure 155
example.
Vertical pan and scan is defined in a similar manner, taking into account that the number of taps
is five (an odd number). Where Fl(c)lr bits defines repeat of the first sample and where initial
phase is 2^12 (1/2 of sample), first sample is (y+2). For smaller values of initial phase it is
between half distance between y+1 and y+2 on one side and y+2 at the other side. For values
greater then 2^12 it is between sample y+2 on one side and the half distance between samples
y+2 and y+3 at the other side (see Figure 156):

Figure 156: Vertical pan and scan example
First sample defined

by DISP_LUMA(CHR)_XY
y+1
First sample
position
ph0 (< 2^12)

y+2
y+3
y+4
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49.6.3 Bandwidth considerations

From the input buffers, luma and chroma samples are separated and sent to delay lines for
vertical filtering (up and downsizing); see Figure 149 for block diagram. In HD, possible sources
are 4:2:2 R, 4:2:0 MB and 4:2:2 MB formats, 1920 pixels per line maximum (960 for ID version).
Each delay line is made of two 960 byte RAMs (two 480 byte RAMS for ID version). Pixels are
grouped by four on each address as shown on Figure 158, that is, each delay line is made of two
240*32 bits RAMs (120*32 bits RAMS for ID version). Two RAMs are used to ping-pong write
and read operations on a cycle basis, allowing maximum throughput.
49.6.3.1 Operation of the vertical filter and associated delay lines

The vertical filter uses four delay lines and a fifth input directly provided by the STBus interface
FIFOs to perform its five tap filter operation. Where zoom requires less than one line fetch per
line generated (zoom in), the display can read the same line from memory several times. If zoom
requires more than one line fetch per line generated (zoom out), the display fetches some lines
while the vertical filter is not operating; filtering occurs while the last needed line is coming in
from the STBus.

Figure 157: Vertical filter input requirements
bandwidth
required = 4.FCLK if spare time is zero
(Z – 1) Þ N
-------------------------------------------------------
N
tline – ------------------------------------
( NVF Þ Fclk )
Fclk
time
(ZMAX-1)*N/4*TCLK spare time N / NVF*TCLK
t_line
N: number of pixels in the source video line (1920 max in HD, 960 max in ID)
NVF: number of vertical filters: 1 vertical filter
Zmax: maximum zoom out factor rounded to greater integer value (maximum number of
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lines to be fetched while generating one output line

Fclk, Tclk: clock frequency and clock period for pipeline (typical Fclk = 150 MHz)
t_line output (target) line duration: VTGW / Fpel (depends on the screen definition)
VTGW: VTG line width in pixels (full line width, typical 2200 for HD, 858 for NTSC)
Fpel: pixel frequency (typical 74.25 MHz in HD, 13.5 MHz in PAL or NTSC)
We need (Zmax-1)*N/4 cycles to load the delay lines without filtering operation. During this time,
(Zmax-1) video lines are loaded in display.
If we have NVF vertical filters, we need N/NVF cycles to filter and generate a video line at the
output. During this time one video line is read by the display (last line read is processed in real
time).
This means that to be able to work in real time we need to respect:
N Zmax – 1
------------ ⋅ T ck + ----------------------- ⋅ N ⋅ T ck ≤t line
NVF 4
So with single VF (NVF =1), we have the maximum zoom out factor:
⎛ 4.VTGW F clk⎞
Z max ≤⎜ ---------------------- ⋅ ----------⎟ – 3
⎝ N F pel⎠

49.6.4 Vertical filters (VF)

Figure 158: Vertical filters
Ym,4n
32 bits Luma VF delay lines Ym,4n+1
From STBus Ym,4n+2
(4 pixels)
interface Ym,4n+3
Ym-1,4n
Ym-1,4n+1
Ym-1,4n+2
line m-1 Ym-1 ,4n+3
LVF
Ym-2 ,4n
Ym-2,4n+1
line m-2 Ym-2,4n+2 Ym,4n-4 Ym-1,4n-4 Ym-2,4n-4 Ym-3,4n-4 Ym-4,4n-4
Ym-2,4n+3
Ym-3,4n
Ym-3,4n+1
line m-3 Ym-3,4n+2
Ym-3,4n+3
Luma delay line

Ym-4 ,4n
Ym-4,4n+1
line m-4 Ym-4,4n+2
Ym-4,4n+3
From STBus 32 bits

Cbm,4n
Crm,4n
interface Cbm,4n+1
(4 samples) line m Crm,4n+1
Cbm-1,4n
Crm-1,4n
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Cbm-1,4n+1
line m-1 Crm-1,4n+1
Cbm-2,4n CVF
Crm-2,4n
line m-2 Cbm-2,4n+1
Crm-2,4n+1
Crm,4n-4 Crm-1,4n-4 Crm-2,4n-4 Crm-3,4n-4 Crm-4,4n-4
Cbm-3,4n
Crm-3,4n
line m-3 Cbm-3,4n+1
Crm-3,4n+1
Cbm-4,4n
Crm-4,4n Chroma delay line
line m-4 Cbm-4,4n+1
Crm-4,4n+1
Chroma VF delay lines
Chroma samples are stored as they come: 1 sample of Cb, 1 sample of Cr,... (see Figure 158).
Between the delay lines for vertical filtering and VF itself, a small serializer reads the samples
four by four, and feeds the VF one sample at a time. This means that the RAMs are read one
cycle out of four for vertical filtering.
Figure 159: Luma vertical SRC
32 bits
Ym,4n To luma/chroma VF delay lines
Ym,4n+1
From potential block Ym,4n+2
(4 pixels)
inserted between VF line m Ym,4n+3
and STBus interface

49.6.5 Horizontal SRC

Luma and chroma delay lines after vertical filters are built with one single port RAM each. One
video line is written in the delay line from the VF, and read by the horizontal filter (HF) at the same
time. The arbiter gives the priority to the HF for read.
Each RAM is 480 x 40 bit SPS - 1920 pixels (10 bits per pixel).
Horizontal filtering is represented in Figure 160:
Figure 160: Horizontal SRC
*c0 *c1 *c2 *c3 *c4 *c5 *c6 *c7
Delay line “Pixelizer” Sn-1 Sn-2 Sn-3 Sn-4 Sn-5 Sn-6 Sn-7
Filter pipeline HF
In the worst case (zoom out by four), in luma horizontal filter we should be able to shift the
samples in the filter pipeline by up to four and feed up to four new samples from the “pixelizer”.
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Every clock cycle, the pixelizer must be able to read 0 or 4 samples and output 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4
samples to the filter.
There are two horizontal chroma filters. If the output is 4:4:4, the maximum zoom out is two
(programmed zoom out by four, plus upsampling by two). In this case, at maximum, two Cr or Cb
samples are fed in the filters each PIX1X clock cycle. If 4:2:2 output format is programmed, zoom
out by 4 of chroma is possible. That means 4 new chroma samples have to be loaded in filter
pipeline in the worst case. In the same time the output of chroma HF has to be generated one
cycle out of two of PIX1X clock.
49.6.6 Filter description

All filters are classical polyphase filters. At each clock cycle, an increment value is added to the
13 LSBs of the previous value of DTO, and put as a new value in the DTO register. The value of
DTO is used to control the filter pipeline. It is taken from DTO register and 2^7 value is added to
that value for rounding. The 3 MSBs of that value give the information on how many new video
samples are added into the filter pipeline (0, 1, 2, 3 or 4). The next five bits give the set of
coefficients to be used in the filter (from 0 to 31; see Figure 161).
Figure 161: Polyphase filter block diagram
HF Video output
+
Increment
from user phase
register + DTO (16 bits) *c0 *c1 *c2 *c3 *c4 *c5 *c6 *c7
Video input
phase0 Sn-1 Sn-2 Sn-3 Sn-4 Sn-5 Sn-6 Sn-7
Filter pipeline

49.6.7 Programming of filter coefficients

An example of five tap polyphase filter (VSRC) set of coefficients is shown in Figure 153. There
are 5*32 coefficients on sine curve which is shown. It is easy to see that it is symmetrical curve,
so only half of coefficients need to be stored in memory. All 5*32 coefficients are 10-bits values.
Nevertheless, 8 or 9 bits are enough for the dynamic of each group of 32 coefficients (32 phases
of a coefficient in 5 tap filter). That is why each coefficient is defined by 3 values:
● 8-bit signed value,
● 10-bit offset value, common to all 32 phases (in fact 64 because of symmetry), and
● 1-bit shift value, common to all 32 phases (64 because of symmetry) which means that an
8-bit value is multiplied by 2 or not to cover the dynamic of 32 phases (coef1 set of 32
phases in the above example).
Figure 162: Example: five tap polyphase filter (VSRC) set of coefficients
32 phases of coef 1 32 phases of coef 3

offset 2 (K1.0 to K1.31) (K3.0 to K3.31)
dynamic of 32 phases of coef 2

coef 1 (K2.0 to K2.31)
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offset 1
32 phases of coef 0 32 phases of coef 4
(K0.0 to K0.31) (K4.0 to K4.31)
offset 0
49.6.8 Programming of source/target size and increment

The increment of vertical luma filter should be HeightSOURCE/HeightTARGET * 2^13. If the input
format is YCbCr 4:2:2, then the increment (and initial phase) for vertical chroma filter must be the
same as luma one. If input format is YCbCr 4:2:0 macro block then the increment of vertical
chroma filter is the half of vertical luma filter increment because chroma upsampling is done in
the same time as filtering (4:2:0 -> 4:2:2).
Increment of horizontal luma filter should be WidthSOURCE/WidthTARGET * 2^13. For the
horizontal chroma filter, the increment should be half of the luma increment because the
horizontal upsampling is done in the same time (4:2:2 -> 4:4:4).
The minimum value for source height is 5, for width, 34 (17 samples of chroma).
The increment value and initial phase are used to generate pixels at the output. The
DISP_TARGET_SIZE register determines the number of pixels/lines generated. This means, if
the increment does not respect the ratio between target and source size, the generation of pixels
will be stopped after target size is reached, or the last pixel is repeated to reach the target size.
In the case where it should be stopped earlier then all pixels of source picture are consumed, VF
and HF continue to send the requests to previous block until all pixels of the source picture are
sent (until the last pixel/line is received). This is useful where the de-interlacer operates before
the vertical filters because it needs to clean all the pixels of previously processed line from its
FIFOs.

49.6.9 Nonlinear zoom

A typical application of nonlinear zoom is to display a 4:3 picture on a 16:9 screen, with minimum
deformation of the central part of the picture and greater deformation of the left and right borders.
This feature is implemented by linearly changing the increment (zoom factor) only in horizontal
SRC at the beginning and at the end of the screen as shown in Figure 163.
The first generated pixel uses phase0 to find the corresponding coefficients; the second uses
phase0 + incr0; the third uses phase1 + incr0 + pdelta and so on. phase0 and incr0 are the initial
phase and increment as defined by registers DISP_CHR_HSRC and DISP_LUMA_HSRC
(defined for nonlinear zoom). pdelta is the ‘increment of the increment’ defined by register
DISP_PDELTA. Zones where nonlinear zoom is applied are defined by pixel/samples zone 1 and
zone 2 as shown. This means that the increment increases from pixel/sample 0 to pixel/sample
zone 1, and decreases from pixel/sample zone 2 to the last pixel/sample of the target picture.
Note: The maximum value of increment is 2^15 (0x8000), which corresponds to zoom out by 4. If this value is
reached before zone1, then incr_max is 2^15 and the increment stops growing. When zone2 is reached,
the increment goes down, and at the end of picture it reaches a value smaller then incr0 (when zone2 =
TW - zone1). This should be avoided, by programming values of incr0, pdelta and zone1 that do not give
incr_max = 2^15 before zone 1.
Zones 1 and 2 are defined by registers DISP_NLZZD_Y and DISP_NLZZD_C respectively for
luma and chroma HSRC.
Figure 163: Increment function for nonlinear zoom

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Increment
incr_max (TW = Target Width)
= incr0+pdelta*(zone1-1)
incr0 incr0 (if zone2 = TW - zone1)
horizontal position
zone 2 last pixel
of target pixel
0 zone 1
(TW-1)
= incr0 when zone2 = TW - zone1
incr0+
incr0+ (zone1-1)*pdelta- incr0+
incr0+ incr0+
Increment incr0 + incr0+ incr0+ incr0+ incr0+ incr0+ incr0+ (zone1-1)*pdelta (zone1-1)*pdelta (zone1-1)*pdelta- (TW-zone2-2)* (zone1-1)*pdelta
incr0 (TW-zone2-3)* pdelta -(TW-zone2-1)*pdelta
used pdelta 2pdelta 3pdelta (zone1-1)pdelta (zone1-1)*pdelta (zone1-1)*pdelta (zone1-1)*pdelta -pdelta
pdelta
Target
picture 0 3 TW-2
1 2 zone1 zone1+1 zone1+2 zone2-1 zone2 zone2+1 TW-3 TW-1
pixel XN
phase(zone1-1)+ phase(zone1)+ phase(zone1+1)+ phase(zone2-2)+ phase(zone2-1)+ phase(zone2)+ phase(TW-4)+ phase(TW-3)+ phase(TW-2)+

Phase phase0 phase0 + phase(1) + phase(2) + incr0+ incr0+ incr0+ incr0+
incr0+ incr0+ incr0+ incr0+ incr0+
used incr0 incr0+pdelta incr0+2pdelta
(zone1-1)pdelta (zone1-1)*pdelta (zone1-1)*pdelta (zone1-1)*pdelta (zone1-1)*pdelta (zone1-1)*pdelta (zone1-1)*pdelta (zone1-1)*pdelta (zone1-1)*pdelta
-pdelta -(TW-zone2-3)* -(TW-zone2-2)* -(TW-zone2-1)*
pdelta pdelta pdelta

49.6.10 Output format

The display can respond to a request from the compositor by sending pixels in either 4:4:4 or
4:2:2 format.
4:4:4 output format means there will be luma and chroma sent back to the compositor request
every PIX1X clock cycle.
4:2:2 output format means there will be luma sent back every PIX1X clock cycle but chroma is
sent back one cycle out of two PIX1X clock cycles.
The number of pixels per line provided to or by the VFC & HFC block is always even.
The first pixel going in the VFC and HFC is always an existing pixel (for example Y0, Cb0, Cr0).
The block never starts on a pixel without chroma Cb Cr data.
In Figure 164, variable n is odd (for example if we have to display four pixels, n = 3). The chroma
cb(n-1) and cr(n-1) pixels are repeated for luma Yn pixel.
Figure 164: 4:2:2 output format
CLK_PIXEL (PIX1X)
COMP_DISP_PIX_REQ
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Luma Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3 Yn-1 Yn
Chroma blue Cb0 Cb0 Cb2 Cb2 Cbn-1 Cbn-1
Chroma red Cr0 Cr0 Cr2 Cr2 Cr n-1 Crn-1
49.7 Soft reset

Soft reset clears the pipeline and prepares the block for a new field/frame properly: it reset all
FSMs, delay lines, pipeline flags (first/last pixel/line flags...), sample/line counters and stops all
STBus requests. No user register is reset by soft reset. There is no specific user register bit for
soft reset but it is done on each vertical synchronization active edge (‘automatic’ soft reset).

50 Main and auxiliary display registers STx7100
50 Main and auxiliary display registers
All control registers are double buffered and are accessible through the STBus interface.
Registers containing the filter coefficients (DISP_L(C)H(V)F_COEF) are loaded directly from
memory and are not double buffered.
MainDisplayBaseAddress + offset,
AuxDisplayBaseAddress + offset or
LMUBaseAddress + offset.
The MainDisplayBaseAddress is:
0x1900 2000.
The AuxDisplayBaseAddress is:
0x1900 3000.
The LMUBaseAddress is:
0x1900 4000.
Table 160: Main and auxiliary display processor register summary

DISP_CTRL DISP control 0x000 R/W
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DISP_LUMA_HSRC DISP luma horizontal source parameters 0x004 R/W

DISP_LUMA_VSRC DISP luma vertical source parameters 0x008 R/W
DISP_CHR_HSRC DISP chroma horizontal source FSM parameters 0x00C R/W
DISP_CHR_VSRC DISP chroma vertical source parameters 0x010 R/W
DISP_TARGET_SIZE DISP target pixmap size 0x014 R/W
DISP_NLZZD_Y DISP nonlinear zoom - zone definition for luma 0x018 R/W
DISP_NLZZD_C DISP nonlinear zoom - zone definition for chroma 0x01C R/W
DISP_PDELTA DISP nonlinear zoom - increment step definition 0x020 R/W
Reserved - 0x024 - 0x07C -
DISP_MA_CTRL DISP memory access control 0x080 R/W
DISP_LUMA_BA DISP luma source pixmap memory location 0x084 R/W
DISP_CHR_BA DISP chroma source pixmap memory location 0x088 R/W
DISP_PMP DISP pixmap memory pitch 0x08C R/W
DISP_LUMA_XY DISP luma first pixel source position 0x090 R/W
DISP_CHR_XY DISP chroma first pixel source position 0x094 R/W
DISP_LUMA_SIZE DISP memory source pixmap size (luma) 0x098 R/W
DISP_CHR_SIZE DISP memory source pixmap size (chroma) 0x09C R/W
DISP_HFP DISP horizontal filters pointer 0x0A0 R/W
DISP_VFP DISP vertical filters pointer 0x0A4 R/W
Reserved - 0x0A8 - 0x0F8 -
DISP_PKZ DISP maximum packet size 0x0FC R/W
DISP_LHF_COEF DISP luma horizontal filter coefficients 0x100 - 0x188 RO/LLU
DISP_LVF_COEF DISP luma vertical filter coefficients 0x18C - 0x1E0 RO/LLU
DISP_CHF_COEF DISP chroma horizontal filter coefficients 0x200 - 0x288 RO/LLU
DISP_CVF_COEF DISP chroma vertical filter coefficients 0x28C - 0x2E0 RO/LLU

STx7100 50 Main and auxiliary display registers
Filter coefficients size: 476 bytes, others 84 bytes - total: 560 bytes.
Table 161: LMU register map

LMU_CTRL LMU control 0x00 R/W
LMU_LMP LMU luma buffer start pointer 0x04 R/W
LMU_CMP LMU chroma buffer start pointer 0x08 R/W
LMU_BPPL LMU number of block-pairs per line 0x0C R/W
LMU_CFG LMU configuration 0x10 R/W
LMU_VINL LMU number of input lines 0x14 R/W
LMU_MRS LMU minimum space between STBus requests 0x18 R/W
LMU_CHK LMU maximum chunk size 0x1C R/W
LMU_STA LMU status 0x20 RO
LMU_ITM LMU interrupt mask 0x24 R/W
LMU_INT_STA LMU interrupt status 0x28 RO
LMU_AFD LMU accumulated field difference 0x2C R/W
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50.1 Main and auxiliary display registers

The following registers are duplicated for both main and auxiliary display processors. Their
addresses are described as DisplayBaseAddress + offset, where DisplayBaseAddress is either
MainDisplayBaseAddress or AuxDisplayBaseAddress.
DISP_CTRL DISP control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
HF_UPDATE_EN
VF_UPDATE_EN
BIGTNOTLITTLE
4:2:2_OUT
Reserved
DISP_EN
CHF_EN
YHF_EN Reserved
Address: DisplayBaseAddress + 0x000

Type: R/W
Buffer: Double-bank, automatic hardware toggle
Reset: 0
Description: Provides the operating mode of the DISP pipe, for the current viewport display.
[31] DISP_EN: DISP bloc enablea
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0: DISP is disabled (no output is generated) 1: DISP is enabled

[30] HF_UPDATE_EN: Horizontal filter update enable
0: The coefficients for the H filters are not loaded
1: The coefficients for the H filters are updated from memory after next vsync
This bit is autocleared after it is taken into account (on next Vsync)
[29] VF_UPDATE_EN: Vertical filter update enable
0: The coefficients for the V filters are not loaded
1: The coefficients for the V filters are updated from memory after next vsync
This bit is autocleared after it is taken into account (on next VSYNC)
[28:24] Reserved
[23] BIGTNOTLITTLE: Bitmap
0: Little endian bitmap 1: Big endian bitmapb
[22] CHF_EN
0: Chroma HF is disabled (coefficients are 0001 0000 for all DTO phases)
1: Chroma HF is enabled (coefficients taken from DISP_CHF_COEF registers)c
[21] YHF_EN
0: Luma HF is disabled (coefficients are 0001 0000 for all DTO phases)
1: Luma HF is enabled (coefficients taken from DISP_LHF_COEF registers)
[20] 4:2:2_OUT
0: 4:4:4 output format (luma and chroma output each cycle of PIX1X clock)
1: 4:2:2 output format (chroma output only one cycle out of two of PIX1X clock)
[19:0] Reserved
a. This bit is taken into account after next vsync active edge. All STBus requests are stopped properly and
video pipeline is purged. If power down is to be done (clock off) then it should be done after vsync active
edge following this one.
b. This concerns the video picture pixmap loaded from memory when 4:2:2 R input forma is selected.
c. This feature is needed only for horizontal SRC and not for vertical, because in the vertical SRC this can be
achieved by software (programming coefficients 0 0100 for all 32 phases). In HSRC because of symmetry
and even number of taps what can be programmed is 0001 1000 and not 0001 0000!

DISP_LUMA_HSRC DISP luma horizontal source parameters
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
FYP_RPT HSRC_INIT_PHASE HSRC_INC

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Provides the configuration for the horizontal sample rate conversion of luma samples.
[31:29] FYP_RPT: First luma pixel repeat
First pixel is repeated FYP_RPT times when loaded into luma HF. This is a 3-bit nonsigned value with
max value of four (1xx values are taken as four - 100). For example:
001: First pixel is repeated once (this means for the first HF output sample generation there are two
occurrences of first pixel in HF pipe)
[28:16] HSRC_INIT_PHASE
The horizontal sample rate converter state-machine initial phase, 0.13 format.
[15:0] HSRC_INC
The horizontal sample rate converter state-machine increment, in 3.13 format. Maximum value is
100.0000 0000 0000 0. Any value 1xx.xxxx xxxx xxxx x is taken as 100.0000 0000 0000 0
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DISP_LUMA_VSRC DISP luma vertical source parameters
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved
FYLR VSRC_INIT_PHASE VSRC_INC

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Provides the configuration for the vertical sample rate converter.
[31] Reserved
[30:29] FYL_RPT: First luma line repeat
First line is repeated FYL_RPT times when loaded into luma VF. This is 2-bit nonsigned value with a
maximum value of 2 (11 value is taken as two - 10). For example:
11: First line is repeated twice (this means for the first VF output line generation there are three
occurrences of the first line in the VF pipe)
[28:16] VSRC_INIT_PHASE
The vertical sample rate converter state-machine initial phase, 0.13 format.
[15:0] VSRC_INC
The vertical sample rate converter state-machine increment, in 3.13 format. Maximum value is
100.0000 0000 0000 0. Any value 1xx.xxxx xxxx xxxx x is taken as 100.0000 0000 0000 0

DISP_CHR_HSRC DISP chroma horizontal source FSM parameters
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
FCPR HSRC_INIT_PHASE HSRC_INC
Address: DisplayBaseAddress + 0x00C

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: The DISP horizontal chroma sample rate converter’s final state machine parameters
register provides the configuration for the horizontal sample rate converting of chroma
components.
[31:29] FCP_RPTR
First chroma pixel is repeated FCP_RPT (First chroma pixel repeat) times when loaded into chroma HF.
This is 3 bit nonsigned value with max value of four (1xx values are taken as four - 100). For example:
011: First pixel is repeated three times (this means for the first HF output sample generation there are
four occurrences of first chroma pixel in HF pipe)
[28:16] HSRC_INIT_PHASE
The horizontal sample rate converter state-machine initial phase, 0.13 format
[15:0] HSRC_INC
The horizontal sample rate converter state-machine increment, in 3.13 format. Maximum value is
010.0000 0000 0000 0. Any greater value is taken as 010.0000 0000 0000 0
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DISP_CHR_VSRC DISP chroma vertical source parameters
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved
FCLR VSRC_INIT_PHASE VSRC_INC

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: The DISP chroma vertical sample rate converter’s parameters register provides the
configuration for vertical sample rate converting of chroma components1.
[31] Reserved
[30:29] FCLR
First chroma line is repeated FCLR (First chroma line repeat) times when loaded into chroma VF. This is
2 bit nonsigned value with max value of two (11 value is taken as two - 10). For example:
00: First line is not repeated (this means for the first VF output line generation there is only one
occurrence of first chroma line in VF pipe)
[28:16] VSRC_INIT_PHASE
The vertical sample rate converter state-machine initial phase, 0.13
[15:0] VSRC_INC
The vertical sample rate converter state-machine increment, in 3.13 format. Maximum value is
100.0 0000 0000 0000. Any value 1xx.x xxxx xxxx xxxx is taken as 100.0 0000 0000 0000
1. If 4:2:2 R input format is set, VSRC Increment, VSRC Initial Phase and FCPR must be
programmed as luma (DISP_CHR_VSRC and DISP_LUMA_VSRC must have the same value)

DISP_TARGET_SIZE DISP target pixmap size
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved HEIGHT Reserved WIDTH

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Provides the size of resized picture to be displayed.
[31:27] Reserved
[26:16] HEIGHT: Pixmap height in lines, defined as the resize resulting number of lines that is to be displayed.
[15:11] Reserved
[10:0] WIDTH: Pixmap width in pixels
DISP_NLZZD_Y DISP nonlinear zoom - zone definition for luma
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved LUMA_ZONE1 Reserved LUMA_ZONE2

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Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Provides the borders of nonlinear zoom in the target picture for luma in pixel units; see
Section 49.6.9: Nonlinear zoom on page 500.
[31:27] Reserved
[26:16] LUMA_ZONE1: Limit between first nonlinear zone and linear zone of the target picture in pixels
[15:11] Reserved
[10:0] LUMA_ZONE2: Limit between linear zone and second nonlinear zone of the target picture in pixels

DISP_NLZZD_C DISP nonlinear zoom - zone definition for chroma
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved CHROMA_ZONE1 Reserved CHROMA_ZONE2

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Provides the borders of nonlinear zoom in the target picture for chroma in output
chroma sample units; see Section 49.6.9: Nonlinear zoom on page 500.
[31:27] Reserved
[26:16] CHROMA_ZONE1
Limit between first nonlinear zone and linear zone of the target picture in output chroma sample units.
[15:11] Reserved
[10:0] CHROMA_ZONE2
Limit between linear zone and second nonlinear zone of the target picture in output chroma sample
units.
DISP_PDELTA DISP nonlinear zoom - increment step definition

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31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PDELTA_LUMA PDELTA_CHROMA

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Provides the steps used to increment luma and chroma increments in HSRCs for
nonlinear zooms; see Section 49.6.9: Nonlinear zoom on page 500. If this feature is not
used, PDELTA_LUMA and PDELTA_CHROMA should be 0 (linear zoom).
[31:16] PDELTA_LUMA
Step with which the luma increment of luma HSRC is incremented within the range [pixel0, pixel
luma_zone1] and decremented within the range [pixel luma_zone2, last pixel]. pixel0, and last pixel
correspond to first and last chroma sample of target picture.
[15:0] PDELTA_CHROMA
Step with which the chroma increment of chroma HSRC is incremented within the range [sample0,
sample chroma_zone1] and decremented within the range [sample chroma_zone2, last sample].
Sample0 and last sample correspond to first and last chroma sample of target picture.

DISP_MA_CTRL DISP memory access control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
MB_FIELDC
MB_FIELDY
Reserved MIN_SPC_BETWEEN_REQS PIX_LOAD_LINE COEF_LOAD_LINE IN_FORMAT

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Provides memory access control of the DISP.
[31:27] Reserved
[26] MB_FIELDC
Chroma access mode in macro-block organized frame buffers (YCbCr420 MB and YCbCr422 MB format)
0: Access in frame mode
1: Access in field mode (every other line)
[25:16] MIN_SPC_BETWEEN_REQS
Defines the minimum number of STBus cycles between two memory messages (bursts).a
The number of cycles between two messages is max(‘Min Space Between Reqs’ + 1, message duration)
[15:11] PIX_LOAD_LINE
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Defines how many lines STBus plug waits after vsync before sending the first request in the field to load
the display pipe. When changing the coefficient set in VSRC and HSRC the pixel request should be sent
after new coefficient set is loaded, that is, Pix load line > Coef load line (see above). If this is not the case,
then the display pipe will be loaded just after new coefficients load.
[10:6] COEF_LOAD_LINE
Video line number after VSYNC, during which the filter coefficients are loaded via the STBus interface
(buffer 1) when V/HFilter update enable is 1. This is a nonsigned value from 0 to 31. Loading of new
coefficients is done after Coef Load Line’s hsync active edge.
[5] MB_FIELDY
Luma access mode in macro-block organized frame buffers for (YCbCr420 MB and YCbCr422 MB
format)
0: Access in frame mode
1: Access in field mode (every other line)
[4:0] IN_FORMAT: Input format
10010: YCbCr4:2:2 R 0x12
10011: YCbCr4:2:2 MB (or 4:2:2 MB) 0x13
10100: YCbCr4:2:0 MB (or 4:2:0 MB) 0x14
a. For example, in the case of vertical zoom out, four video lines need to be loaded from time to time during
the display of one video line (64 µs) which means 4 x 45 requests of 128 bit words of luma (12 messages)
should be done and there is 64 µs/133 MHz = 8512 STBus cycles. So, these requests can be spaced by
8512/12 = 709 STBus clock cycles (by putting 709 value in register, the ‘peaks’ on the STBus can be
avoided). The counter used for this purpose is reset by the STBus request

DISP_LUMA_BA DISP luma source pixmap memory location
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
64MB_BANK_NUM PIXMAP_MEM_PTR_(LUMA)

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Gives the location of first Y of the FRAME in 4:2:0 MB and 4:2:2 MB mode or first Cb or
Cr of the field in 4:2:2 R mode (of the frame in progressive video mode). It contains the
memory location for the first pixel (top-left corner) of the source: of first luma in the
frame when 4:2:0 MB and 4:2:2 MB input format is used or first Cb or Cr in the field
when 4:2:2 R input format is used. In 4:2:2 R mode, the memory address for pixel [0,0]
must be aligned on a 32-bit word address boundary (2 LSBs at 0). In 4:2:X MB mode,
the memory address for pixel [0,0] must be aligned on a 2048-bit word address
boundary (8 LSBs at 0).
[31:26] 64MB_BANK_NUM: 64 MByte bank number
[25:0] PIXMAP_MEM_PTR_(LUMA): Pixel map memory pointer (luma)
First Y/YCbCr pixel byte address, in the selected 64 MByte bank (note that the whole bitmap to be
displayed must be totally included into the same bank)
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DISP_CHR_BA DISP chroma source pixmap memory location
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
64MB_BANK_NUM PIXMAP_MEM_PTR_(CHROMA)

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Gives the location of first chroma sample of the FRAME in 4:2:0 MB and 4:2:2 MB
mode. The memory address for pixel [0,0] must be aligned on a 2048-bit word address
boundary (8 LSBs at 0).
[25:0] PIXMAP_MEM_PTR_(CHROMA): Pixel map memory pointer (chroma)
First chroma byte address, in the selected 64 MByte bank (note that the whole bitmap to be displayed
must be totally included into the same bank)

DISP_PMP DISP pixmap memory pitch
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved PITCH_VAL

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: The DISP pixmap memory pitch for the displayed pixmap, as stored in the memory, in
4:2:0 MB and 4:2:2 MB format or of YCrCb in 4:2:2 R format, in bytes.
Note: The pitch is the distance inside the memory, in bytes, between two vertically adjacent
samples.
In 4:2:0 MB and 4:2:2 MB format, the picture is always stored in FRAME format and the
pitch gives the number of luma pixels per line rounded to higher integer number of
macroblocks. If the line length in luma pixel unit is 16*n + m (where 0 < m < 16), the
pitch value should be programmed to 16*(n+1) (the four LSBs are always at 0).
In 4:2:2 R format, the pitch value is always used as it is (in field access it defines the
distance in bytes between two vertically adjacent samples of the same field and in frame
access it defines the distance between two vertically adjacent samples in the frame).
The pitch value must be a multiple of four bytes (the two LSBs are always 0).
Confidential
DISP_LUMA_XY DISP luma first pixel source position
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved Y1 Reserved X1

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register gives the position of first source pixel when 4:2:2 R input format is used or
first luma sample when 4:2:0 MB or 4:2:2 MB input format is used. Register provides XY
location in pixel unit of the first source pixel to be accessed in memory comparing to the
top left corner of complete source image (0, 0) defined by DISP_LUMA_BA (see
Figure 151: Source and target definition on page 492).
[31:27] Reserved
[26:16] Y1: First source image line number in complete original picture that should be accessed from memory.
[15:11] Reserved
[10:0] X1: First source image pixel number in complete original line that should be accessed from memory.

DISP_CHR_XY DISP chroma first pixel source position
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved Y2 Reserved X2

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: The DISP position of first chroma sample of the source picture that will be loaded and
resized in DISP when 4:2:0 MB or 4:2:2 MB is the input format. Register provides XY
location in chroma sample unit of the first source chroma sample to be accessed in
memory comparing to the top left corner of complete source image (0, 0) defined by
DISP_CHR_BA. Example: X2 = 5 means 6th Cr and 6th Cb are the first chroma
samples in the line.
[31:27] Reserved
[26:16] Y2
First source image chroma line number in complete original picture that should be accessed from memory
[15:11] Reserved
[10:0] X2
First source image chroma pixel number in complete original line that should be accessed from memory
Confidential
DISP_LUMA_SIZE DISP memory source pixmap size (luma)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved HEIGHT1 Reserved WIDTH1

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: The DISP memory source pixmap size register provides the size of the source pixmap
in pixel unit (part of complete source picture to be loaded from memory) when 4:2:2 R
input format is used or pixmap size in luma pixel unit when 4:2:0 MB or 4:2:2 MB format
is used. Minimum allowed value of WIDTH1 is 34. Minimum allowed value of HEIGHT1
is 5.
[31:27] Reserved
[26:16] HEIGHT1
Pixmap height, in lines, being defined as the number of video lines that must be read from memory
[15:11] Reserved
[10:0] WIDTH1: Pixmap width in pixels

DISP_CHR_SIZE DISP memory source pixmap size (chroma)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved HEIGHT2 Reserved WIDTH2

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: The DISP memory source pixmap size register provides the size of the source pixmap
in chroma sample unit (part of complete source picture to be loaded from memory)
when 4:2:0 MB or 4:2:2 MB input format is used. Minimum allowed value of HEIGHT2 is
5. Minimum allowed value of WIDTH2 is 16. Example: WIDTH2 = n means there are n
Cb and n Cr to be read!
[31:27] Reserved
[26:16] HEIGHT2
Pixmap height in chroma lines, being defined as the number of chroma lines that must be read from
memory.
[15:11] Reserved
[10:0] WIDTH2: Pixmap width in chroma samples
Confidential
DISP_HFP DISP horizontal filters pointer
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
64MB_BANK_NUM H_FILTER_PTR Reserved
Address: DisplayBaseAddress + 0x0A0

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Contains a memory pointer to the set of filter coefficients that must be used for the
horizontal sample rate converters (Luma and Chroma).
The coefficients are loaded only if DISP_CTRL[30]= 1 (HFilter update enable) after the
next vertical synchronization pulse.
[25:4] H_FILTER_PTR
The four LSBs address bits are “don’t care”, because the filter coefficients structure must be aligned
on a 128-bit word boundary
Memory location where to retrieve the filter coefficients (35*2 32-bit words that must be fully contained in
the specified bank). First 35 32-bit words are luma coefficients, then next thirty-five 32-bit words are
chroma coefficients for HSRC.
[3:0] Reserved

DISP_VFP DISP vertical filters pointer
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
64MB_BANK_NUM V_FILTER_PTR Reserved
Address: DisplayBaseAddress + 0x0A4

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Contains a memory pointer to the set of filter coefficients that must be used for the
vertical sample rate converters (Luma and chroma).
The coefficients are loaded only if DISP_CTRL[29] = 1 (VFilter Update enable) after
next vertical synchronization pulse.
[25:4] V_FILTER_PTR
4 LSBs address bits are “don’t care”, because the filter coefficients structure must be aligned on a
128-bit word boundary
Memory location where to retrieve the filter coefficients (22*2 32-bit words that must be fully contained in
the specified bank). First 22 32-bit words are luma coefficients, then next twenty-two 32-bit words are
chroma coefficients for VSRC.
[3:0] Reserved
Confidential
DISP_PKZ DISP maximum packet size
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
MAX_PKT_SIZE
BIGNOTLITTLE
Reserved
Reserved
Address: DisplayBaseAddress + 0x0FC

Type: R/W
Buffer: Immediate
Reset: 0
Description: The DISP PKZ register is a 5-bit register for controlling the static parameters of the
DISP pipelines.
[31:6] Reserved
[5] BIGNOTLITTLE: CPU endianess
0: Little endian CPU
1: Big endian CPUa
[4:3] Reserved
[2:0] MAX_PKT_SIZE: Maximum packet size during an STBus transaction
000: Message size (16 packets)
001: 16 STBus words
010: 8 STBus words
011: 4 STBus words
100: 2 STBus words
101: 1 STBus words
others: Reserved
a. This concerns filter coefficients load from memory

DISP_LHF_COEF DISP luma horizontal filter coefficients
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0x00 K 7.3 (K 0.29) K 7.2 (K 0.30) K 7.1 (K 0.31) K 7.0

0x04 K 7.7 (K 0.25) K 7.6 (K 0.26) K 7.5 (K 0.27) K 7.4 (K 0.28)
0x08 K 7.11 (K 0.21) K 7.10 (K 0.22) K 7.9 (K 0.23) K 7.8 (K 0.24)
0x0C K 7.15 (K 0.17) K 7.14 (K 0.18) K 7.13 (K 0.19) K 7.12 (K 0.20)
0x10 K 7.19 (K 0.13) K 7.18 (K 0.14) K 7.17 (K 0.15) K 7.16 (K 0.16)
0x14 K 7.23 (K 0.9) K 7.22 (K 0.10) K 7.21 (K 0.11) K 7.20 (K 0.12)
0x18 K 7.27 (K 0.5) K 7.26 (K 0.6) K 7.25 (K 0.7) K 7.24 (K 0.8)
0x1C K 7.31 (K 0.1) K 7.30 (K 0.2) K 7.29 (K 0.3) K 7.28 (K 0.4)
0x20 K 6.3 K(1.29) K 6.2 K(1.30) K 6.1 K(1.31) K 6.0
0x24 K 6.7 K(1.25) K 6.6 K(1.26) K 6.5 K(1.27) K 6.4 K(1.28)
0x28 K 6.11 K(1.21) K 6.10 K(1.22) K 6.9 K(1.23) K 6.8 K(1.24)
0x2C K 6.15 K(1.17) K 6.14 K(1.18) K 6.13 K(1.19) K 6.12 K(1.20)
0x30 K 6.19 K(1.13) K 6.18 K(1.14) K 6.17 K(1.15) K 6.16 K(1.16)
0x34 K 6.23 K(1.9) K 6.22 K(1.10) K 6.21 K(1.11) K 6.20 K(1.12)
0x38 K 6.27 K(1.5) K 6.26 K(1.6) K 6.25 K(1.7) K 6.24 K(1.8)
0x3C K 6.31 K(1.1) K 6.30 K(1.2) K 6.29 K(1.3) K 6.28 K(1.4)
0x40 K 5.3 K(2.29) K 5.2 K(2.30) K 5.1 K(2.31) K 5.0
0x44 K 5.7 K(2.25) K 5.6 K(2.26) K 5.5 K(2.27) K 5.4 K(2.28)
Confidential
0x48 K 5.11 K(2.21) K 5.10 K(2.22) K 5.9 K(2.23) K 5.8 K(2.24)

0x4C K 5.15 K(2.17) K 5.14 K(2.18) K 5.13 K(2.19) K 5.12 K(2.20)
0x50 K 5.19 K(2.13) K 5.18 K(2.14) K 5.17 K(2.15) K 5.16 K(2.16)
0x54 K 5.23 K(2.9) K 5.22 K(2.10) K 5.21 K(2.11) K 5.20 K(2.12)
0x58 K 5.27 K(2.5) K 5.26 K(2.6) K 5.25 K(2.7) K 5.24 K(2.8)
0x5C K 5.31 K(2.1) K 5.30 K(2.2) K 5.29 K(2.3) K 5.28 K(2.4)
0x60 K 4.3 K(3.29) K 4.2 K(3.30) K 4.1 K(3.31) K 4.0
0x64 K 4.7 K(3.25) K 4.6 K(3.26) K 4.5 K(3.27) K 4.4 K(3.28)
0x68 K 4.11 K(3.21) K 4.10 K(3.22) K 4.9 K(3.23) K 4.8 K(3.24)
0x6C K 4.15 K(3.17) K 4.14 K(3.18) K 4.13 K(3.19) K 4.12 K(3.20)
0x70 K 4.19 K(3.13) K 4.18 K(3.14) K 4.17 K(3.15) K 4.16 K(3.16)
0x74 K 4.23 K(3.9) K 4.22 K(3.10) K 4.21 K(3.11) K 4.20 K(3.12)
0x78 K 4.27 K(3.5) K 4.26 K(3.6) K 4.25 K(3.7) K 4.24 K(3.8)
0x7C K 4.31 K(3.1) K 4.30 K(3.2) K 4.29 K(3.3) K 4.28 K(3.4)
0x80 K 0.0 K 1.0 K 2.0 K 3.0
Shift 3 & 4 Shift 1 & 6
Shift 2 & 5 Shift 0 & 7

Reserved
0x84 Reserved Offset K1 & K6 Div factor Offset K0 & K7
0x88 Reserved Offset K3 & K4 Reserved Offset K2 & K5
Address: DisplayBaseAddress + 0x100 .. 0x188

Type: RO/Link List update
Buffer: Immediate
Reset: 0
Description: The DISP horizontal luma filter registers 0x00 - 0x7C are 32-bit registers containing four
coefficients each (actually four subpositions of a coefficient). Each register coefficient
value is given in two’s complement format. Three other registers give supplementary
information about filter coefficients.

K X.Y:
X: 0 - 7 is the coefficient’s order in the 8 tap polyphase filter
Y: 0 - 31 is the interphase order
Two’s complement form is used for K X.Y
Div Factor: Filter output division
000: Output of the filter is divided by 256
others: reserved
Offset KX & KY:
DC value of the coefficient KX.N and KY.N, where N is 0 to 31 interphase value
Shift X & Y:
0: Coefficients KX.N and KY.N are directly read from register before adding DC value
1: Coefficients KX.N and KY.N are multiplied by 2 (shifted) before adding DC value
Internally the coefficients are extended to 10 bits as follows:

If ‘Shift X & Y’ bit in registers corresponding to the coefficient is 1, the coefficient from
register is multiplied by 2 (shifted), otherwise it is just extended to 10 bit two’s
complement value.
Then an offset is added to that value (two’s complement value from registers 0x84 and
0x88 - ‘Offset X & Y’).
Confidential
At the end, in order to have the sum of coefficients equal to 1 for each subposition (0 dB
attenuation at 0 Hz frequency), different values of scaling are programmable by the
‘Div factor’.
To summarize, the value of coefficients internally used by the filter is given by:
K reg ⋅ 2 Shift + Offset

K = -------------------------------------------------------
2 ( 8 + Divfactor )
The coefficients are loaded only if DISP_CTRL[30] = 1 (HFilter update enable).

DISP_LVF_COEF DISP luma vertical filter coefficients
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0x8C K 4.3 (K 0.29) K 4.2 (K 0.30) K 4.1 (K 0.31) K 4.0

0x90 K 4.7 (K 0.25) K 4.6 (K 0.26) K 4.5 (K 0.27) K 4.4 (K 0.28)
0x94 K 4.11 (K 0.21) K 4.10 (K 0.22) K 4.9 (K 0.23) K 4.8 (K 0.24)
0x98 K 4.15 (K 0.17) K 4.14 (K 0.18) K 4.13 (K 0.19) K 4.12 (K 0.20)
0x9C K 4.19 (K 0.13) K 4.18 (K 0.14) K 4.17 (K 0.15) K 4.16 (K 0.16)
0xA0 K 4.23 (K 0.9) K 4.22 (K 0.10) K 4.21 (K 0.11) K 4.20 (K 0.12)
0xA4 K 4.27 (K 0.5) K 4.26 (K 0.6) K 4.25 (K 0.7) K 4.24 (K 0.8)
0xA8 K 4.31 (K 0.1) K 4.30 (K 0.2) K 4.29 (K 0.3) K 4.28 (K 0.4)
0xAC K 3.3 K(1.29) K 3.2 K(1.30) K 3.1 K(1.31) K 3.0
0xB0 K 3.7 K(1.25) K 3.6 K(1.26) K 3.5 K(1.27) K 3.4 K(1.28)
0xB4 K 3.11 K(1.21) K 3.10 K(1.22) K 3.9 K(1.23) K 3.8 K(1.24)
0xB8 K 3.15 K(1.17) K 3.14 K(1.18) K 3.13 K(1.19) K 3.12 K(1.20)
0xBC K 3.19 K(1.13) K 3.18 K(1.14) K 3.17 K(1.15) K 3.16 K(1.16)
0xC0 K 3.23 K(1.9) K 3.22 K(1.10) K 3.21 K(1.11) K 3.20 K(1.12)
0xC4 K 3.27 K(1.5) K 3.26 K(1.6) K 3.25 K(1.7) K 3.24 K(1.8)
0xC8 K 3.31 K(1.1) K 3.30 K(1.2) K 3.29 K(1.3) K 3.28 K(1.4)
0xCC K 2.3 K(2.29) K 2.2 K(2.30) K 2.1 K(2.31) K 2.0
0xD0 K 2.7 K(2.25) K 2.6 K(2.26) K 2.5 K(2.27) K 2.4 K(2.28)
Confidential
0xD4 K 2.11 K(2.21) K 2.10 K(2.22) K 2.9 K(2.23) K 2.8 K(2.24)

0xD8 K 2.15 K(2.17) K 2.14 K(2.18) K 2.13 K(2.19) K 2.12 K(2.20)
Shift 2
Div
0xDC Reserved K 0.0 K 1.0 K 2.16
factor
Shift 1 & 3
Shift 0 & 4
0xE0 Offset K2 Offset K1 & K3 Offset K0 & K4
Address: DisplayBaseAddress + 0x18C .. 0x1E0

Buffer: Immediate
Reset: 0
Description: The DISP vertical luma filter registers 0x8C - 0xD8 are 32-bit registers containing four
value is given in two’s complement format. Two other registers give supplementary
K X.Y
Offset KX & KY
Shift X & Y


If ‘Shift X and Y’ bit in registers corresponding to the coefficient is 1, the coefficient from
complement value.
Then an offset is added to that value (two’s complement value from registers 0xDC and
0xE0 - ‘Offset X and Y’).
At the end, in order to have the sum of coefficients equal to 4 for each subposition
(12 dB gain at 0 Hz frequency), different values of scaling are programmable by ‘Div
Factor’. The gain of 4 is due to 8-bit input to 10-bit output conversion.

K = -------------------------------------------------------
2 ( 6 + Divfactor )
The coefficients are loaded only if DISP_CTRL[29] = 1 (VFilter update enable).

Confidential

DISP_CHF_COEF DISP chroma horizontal filter coefficients
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0x00 K 7.3 (K 0.29) K 7.2 (K 0.30) K 7.1 (K 0.31) K 7.0

0x04 K 7.7 (K 0.25) K 7.6 (K 0.26) K 7.5 (K 0.27) K 7.4 (K 0.28)
0x08 K 7.11 (K 0.21) K 7.10 (K 0.22) K 7.9 (K 0.23) K 7.8 (K 0.24)
0x0C K 7.15 (K 0.17) K 7.14 (K 0.18) K 7.13 (K 0.19) K 7.12 (K 0.20)
0x10 K 7.19 (K 0.13) K 7.18 (K 0.14) K 7.17 (K 0.15) K 7.16 (K 0.16)
0x14 K 7.23 (K 0.9) K 7.22 (K 0.10) K 7.21 (K 0.11) K 7.20 (K 0.12)
0x18 K 7.27 (K 0.5) K 7.26 (K 0.6) K 7.25 (K 0.7) K 7.24 (K 0.8)
0x1C K 7.31 (K 0.1) K 7.30 (K 0.2) K 7.29 (K 0.3) K 7.28 (K 0.4)
0x20 K 6.3 K(1.29) K 6.2 K(1.30) K 6.1 K(1.31) K 6.0
0x24 K 6.7 K(1.25) K 6.6 K(1.26) K 6.5 K(1.27) K 6.4 K(1.28)
0x28 K 6.11 K(1.21) K 6.10 K(1.22) K 6.9 K(1.23) K 6.8 K(1.24)
0x2C K 6.15 K(1.17) K 6.14 K(1.18) K 6.13 K(1.19) K 6.12 K(1.20)
0x30 K 6.19 K(1.13) K 6.18 K(1.14) K 6.17 K(1.15) K 6.16 K(1.16)
0x34 K 6.23 K(1.9) K 6.22 K(1.10) K 6.21 K(1.11) K 6.20 K(1.12)
0x38 K 6.27 K(1.5) K 6.26 K(1.6) K 6.25 K(1.7) K 6.24 K(1.8)
0x3C K 6.31 K(1.1) K 6.30 K(1.2) K 6.29 K(1.3) K 6.28 K(1.4)
0x40 K 5.3 K(2.29) K 5.2 K(2.30) K 5.1 K(2.31) K 5.0
0x44 K 5.7 K(2.25) K 5.6 K(2.26) K 5.5 K(2.27) K 5.4 K(2.28)
Confidential
0x48 K 5.11 K(2.21) K 5.10 K(2.22) K 5.9 K(2.23) K 5.8 K(2.24)

0x4C K 5.15 K(2.17) K 5.14 K(2.18) K 5.13 K(2.19) K 5.12 K(2.20)
0x50 K 5.19 K(2.13) K 5.18 K(2.14) K 5.17 K(2.15) K 5.16 K(2.16)
0x54 K 5.23 K(2.9) K 5.22 K(2.10) K 5.21 K(2.11) K 5.20 K(2.12)
0x58 K 5.27 K(2.5) K 5.26 K(2.6) K 5.25 K(2.7) K 5.24 K(2.8)
0x5C K 5.31 K(2.1) K 5.30 K(2.2) K 5.29 K(2.3) K 5.28 K(2.4)
0x60 K 4.3 K(3.29) K 4.2 K(3.30) K 4.1 K(3.31) K 4.0
0x64 K 4.7 K(3.25) K 4.6 K(3.26) K 4.5 K(3.27) K 4.4 K(3.28)
0x68 K 4.11 K(3.21) K 4.10 K(3.22) K 4.9 K(3.23) K 4.8 K(3.24)
0x6C K 4.15 K(3.17) K 4.14 K(3.18) K 4.13 K(3.19) K 4.12 K(3.20)
0x70 K 4.19 K(3.13) K 4.18 K(3.14) K 4.17 K(3.15) K 4.16 K(3.16)
0x74 K 4.23 K(3.9) K 4.22 K(3.10) K 4.21 K(3.11) K 4.20 K(3.12)
0x78 K 4.27 K(3.5) K 4.26 K(3.6) K 4.25 K(3.7) K 4.24 K(3.8)
0x7C K 4.31 K(3.1) K 4.30 K(3.2) K 4.29 K(3.3) K 4.28 K(3.4)
0x80 K 0.0 K 1.0 K 2.0 K 3.0
Shift 2 & 5Shift 0 & 7
Reserved
Shift 3 & 4 Shift & 6
0x84 Reserved Offset K1 & K6 Div factor Offset K0 & K7
0x88 Reserved Offset K3 and K4 Reserved Offset K2 & K5
Address: DisplayBaseAddress + 0x200 .. 0x288

Buffer: Immediate
Reset: 0
Description: The DISP horizontal chroma filter registers 0x00 - 0x7C are 32-bit registers containing
four coefficients each (actually four subpositions of a coefficient). Each register
coefficient value is given in two’s complement format. Three other registers give
supplementary information about filter coefficients.

K X.Y
others: reserved
Offset KX and KY
Shift X and Y
Internally the coefficients are extended to 10 bits in the next way:

If ‘Shift X and Y’ bit in registers 0x74 and 0x78 corresponding to the coefficient is 1, the
coefficient from register is multiplied by 2 (shifted), otherwise it is just extended to 10 bit
two’s complement value.
Then an offset is added to that value (two’s complement value from registers 0x84 and
0x88 - ‘Offset X and Y’).
Confidential
At the end, in order to have the sum of coefficients equal to 1 for each subposition (0 dB
attenuation at 0 Hz frequency), different values of scaling are programmable by ‘Div
Factor’.

K = -------------------------------------------------------
2 ( 8 + Divfactor )
The coefficients are loaded only if DISP_CTRL[30] = 1 (HFilter update enable).

DISP_CVF_COEF DISP chroma vertical filter coefficients
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0x8C K 4.3 (K 0.29) K 4.2 (K 0.30) K 4.1 (K 0.31) K 4.0

0x90 K 4.7 (K 0.25) K 4.6 (K 0.26) K 4.5 (K 0.27) K 4.4 (K 0.28)
0x94 K 4.11 (K 0.21) K 4.10 (K 0.22) K 4.9 (K 0.23) K 4.8 (K 0.24)
0x98 K 4.15 (K 0.17) K 4.14 (K 0.18) K 4.13 (K 0.19) K 4.12 (K 0.20)
0x9C K 4.19 (K 0.13) K 4.18 (K 0.14) K 4.17 (K 0.15) K 4.16 (K 0.16)
0xA0 K 4.23 (K 0.9) K 4.22 (K 0.10) K 4.21 (K 0.11) K 4.20 (K 0.12)
0xA4 K 4.27 (K 0.5) K 4.26 (K 0.6) K 4.25 (K 0.7) K 4.24 (K 0.8)
0xA8 K 4.31 (K 0.1) K 4.30 (K 0.2) K 4.29 (K 0.3) K 4.28 (K 0.4)
0xAC K 3.3 K(1.29) K 3.2 K(1.30) K 3.1 K(1.31) K 3.0
0xB0 K 3.7 K(1.25) K 3.6 K(1.26) K 3.5 K(1.27) K 3.4 K(1.28)
0xB4 K 3.11 K(1.21) K 3.10 K(1.22) K 3.9 K(1.23) K 3.8 K(1.24)
0xB8 K 3.15 K(1.17) K 3.14 K(1.18) K 3.13 K(1.19) K 3.12 K(1.20)
0xBC K 3.19 K(1.13) K 3.18 K(1.14) K 3.17 K(1.15) K 3.16 K(1.16)
0xC0 K 3.23 K(1.9) K 3.22 K(1.10) K 3.21 K(1.11) K 3.20 K(1.12)
0xC4 K 3.27 K(1.5) K 3.26 K(1.6) K 3.25 K(1.7) K 3.24 K(1.8)
0xC8 K 3.31 K(1.1) K 3.30 K(1.2) K 3.29 K(1.3) K 3.28 K(1.4)
0xCC K 2.3 K(2.29) K 2.2 K(2.30) K 2.1 K(2.31) K 2.0
0xD0 K 2.7 K(2.25) K 2.6 K(2.26) K 2.5 K(2.27) K 2.4 K(2.28)
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0xD4 K 2.11 K(2.21) K 2.10 K(2.22) K 2.9 K(2.23) K 2.8 K(2.24)

0xD8 K 2.15 K(2.17) K 2.14 K(2.18) K 2.13 K(2.19) K 2.12 K(2.20)
Shift 2
Div
0xDC Reserved K 0.0 K 1.0 K 2.16
factor
Shift 1 & 3
Shift 0 & 4
0xE0 Offset K2 Offset K1 & K3 Offset K0 & K4
Address: DisplayBaseAddress + 0x28C .. 0x2E0

Buffer: Immediate
Reset: 0
Description: The DISP vertical chroma filter registers 0x8C - 0xD8 are 32-bit registers containing four
value is given in two’s complement format. Two other registers give supplementary
K X.Y
two’s complement form is used for K X.Y
Div factor: Filter output division
Offset KX & KY
Shift X & Y


If ‘Shift X and Y’ bit in registers corresponding to the coefficient is 1, the coefficient from
complement value.
Then an offset is added to that value (two’s complement value from registers 0xDC and
0xE0 - ‘Offset X and Y’).
At the end, in order to have the sum of coefficients equal to 4 for each subposition
(12 dB gain at 0 Hz frequency), different values of scaling are programmable by ‘Div
Factor’. The gain of 4 is due to 8-bit input to 10 bit output conversion.

K = -------------------------------------------------------
2 ( 6 + Divfactor )
The coefficients are loaded only if DISP_CTRL[29] = 1 (VFilter update enable).

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50.2 LMU registers
LMU_CTRL LMU control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved
Reserved
FMC_C
FMC_Y
FML_C
FML_Y
CLK_Y
DTI_C
DTI_Y
MC_C
MC_Y
C_EN
CK_C
Y_EN
Address: LMUBaseAddress + 0x00

Type: R/W
Buffer: Double buffered: Vsync
Reset: 0
Description: This register controls the LMU activity.
[31] Reserved
[30] MC_Y:
0: the LMU checks for motion by comparing individual luma pixels from the current top/bottom field with
the co-located luma pixel in the previous top/bottom field.
1: the motion is calculated using a pair of horizontally adjacent luma pixels.
The comparison is always between same type fields: top field compared to previous top field, and bottom
field compared to previous bottom field. When using a pixel pair, individual pixels are compared, but the
highest motion result is applied for both pixels.
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[29] DTI_Y:
0: temporal interpolation operates as described in the LMU specification.
1: this bit disables temporal interpolation for the luma pixels.
[28] Y_EN:
When set to 1, the luma LMU is enabled; when set to 0, the luma LMU is disabled
[27:26] CLK_Y:
Depending on the size of the picture being processed by the LMU, it may not be necessary for the LMU
to operate at full speed. These bits allow the LMU operating speed to be controlled so that the STBus
bandwidth consumed by the luma LMU can be evenly distributed over picture time.
00: divide by 1, turbo mode (no clock throttling)
01: divide by 2
10: divide by 3
11: divide by 4
[25:24] FMC_Y: The film-mode control bits select the method for upsampling to create the interpolated luma
lines.
00: motion-adaptive de-interlacing, used for video sources
01: missing lines obtained from following field, used for film source
10: missing lines obtained from preceding field, used for film source
11: blank missing lines, simulates interlaced display
[23:16] FML_Y: The LMU’s film mode detection algorithm compares the current field to the same field in the
previous frame. The comparison starts with line 2 of the luma field and continues until the line number
programmed in FML_Y. A separate comparison is made for luma and chroma portions of the picture.
[15] Reserved
[14] MC_C:
0: the LMU checks for motion by comparing individual chroma pixels from the current top/bottom field
with the co-located chroma pixel in the previous top/bottom field.
1: the motion is calculated using a pair of horizontally adjacent chroma pixels.
The comparison is always between same type fields: top field compared to previous top field, and bottom
field compared to previous bottom field. When using a pixel pair, individual pixels are compared, but the
highest motion result is applied for both pixels. Applying the same motion value to both pixels in a pixel-
pair avoids the situation where motion is detected in the Cb pixel but not in the Cr pixel.

[13] DTI_C: When set to 1, this bit disables temporal interpolation for the chroma pixels. When set to 0,
temporal interpolation operates as described in the LMU specification.
[12] C_EN: Chroma LMU enable
0: Disabled 1: Enabled
[11:10] CK_C: Depending on the size of the picture being processed by the LMU, it may not be necessary for the
LMU to operate at full speed. The bits allow the LMU operating speed to be controlled so that the STBus
bandwidth consumed by the chroma LMU can be evenly distributed over picture time.
00: Divide by 1, turbo mode (no clock throttling) 10: Divide by 3
01: Divide by 2 11: Divide by 4
[9:8] FMC_C: The film-mode control bits select the method for upsampling to create the interpolated chroma
lines.
00: motion-adaptive de-interlacing, used for video sources
01: missing lines obtained from following field, used for film source
10: missing lines obtained from preceding field, used for film source
11: blank missing lines, simulates interlaced display
[7:0] FML_C: The LMU’s film-mode detection algorithm compares the current field to the same field in the
previous frame. The comparison starts with line 2 of the chroma field and continues until the line number
programmed in FML_C. A separate comparison is made for luma and chroma portions of the picture.
LMU_LMP LMU luma buffer start pointer
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LMP Reserved
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Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Pointer to the start of the memory LMU luma buffer, in 256-byte units.
LMU_CMP LMU chroma buffer start pointer
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CMP Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Pointer to the start of the memory LMU chroma buffer, in 256-byte units.

LMU_BPPL LMU number of block-pairs per line
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved BLK_PAIRS_PER_LINE
Address: LMUBaseAddress + 0x0C

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This unsigned register should be programmed with a value that indicates the number of
16-pixel blocks per picture width in the display window.
LMU_CFG LMU configuration
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
TOG
TNB
422
Reserved

Type: R/W
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Reset: 0
Description: This register configures the chroma input format and the type of the input field.
[31:3] Reserved
[2] TOG: toggle type of input field. When set the input field selection on the display automatically toggles on
each Vsync. This only allows the field to be set once at a sequence start up. When reset, the selected
field can be frozen or set every field by the application.
[1] TNB: top not bottom field. Indicates which field of the picture is read from memory by the display on the
next Vsync. When set, the top field is selected, when reset, the bottom field is selected. If TOG is set, the
selected field automatically toggles on each Vsync.
[0] 422:
0: 420 input field 1: 422 input field
LMU_VINL LMU number of input lines
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved VINL

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register specifies the number of input lines to the display formatters in terms of
progressive luma count.
For 4:2:0 inputs, it must be programmed with a value that is a multiple of four for
interlace inputs.
For 4:2:2 inputs, it must be programmed with a value that is a multiple of two for
interlace inputs.
This register is unsigned.

LMU_MRS LMU minimum space between STBus requests
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved MRS

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register specifies the number of CLK_SYS clock cycles between two consecutive
STBus requests (luma/chroma write to memory and luma/chroma read from memory).
LMU_CHK LMU maximum chunk size
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved WRC WRY RDC RDY

Type: R/W
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Reset: 0
Description: This register configures the number of STBus transactions linked together using the
LCK bit. It indicates the number of packets in a message.
[31:8] Reserved
[7:6] RDY: Luma STBus read interface.
00: A message is 8 packets
01: A message is 1 packet
[5:4] RDC: Chroma STBus read interface.
[3:2] WRY: Luma STBus write interface.
[1:0] WRC: Chroma STBus write interface.

LMU_STA LMU status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CWE
YWE
CDN
CRE
YDN
YRE
CFF
YFF
Reserved

Type: RO
Buffer: Immediate
Reset: Undefined
Description: This register shows the activity of the LMU and potential problems.
[31:8] Reserved
[7] CDN: Chroma LMU done for the current field
[6] YDN: Luma LMU done for the current field
[5] CFF: Chroma WR fifo to STBus is full
[4] YFF: Luma WR fifo to STBus is full
[3] YWE: STBus packet transfer error for Luma WR interface
[2] CWE: STBus packet transfer error for Chroma WR interface
[1] YRE: STBus packet transfer error for Luma RD interface
[0] CRE: STBus packet transfer error for Chroma RD interface
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LMU_ITM LMU interrupt mask
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CWE
YWE
CDN
YDN
CRE
YRE
CFF
YFF
Reserved

Type: R/W
Buffer: Immediate
Reset: 0 (all interrupts disabled)
Description: Any bit set in this register enables the corresponding interrupt in the LMU_IRQ line. An
interrupt is generated whenever a bit in register LMU_STA changes from 0 to 1 and the
LMU_INT_STA LMU interrupt status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CWE
YWE
CDN
YDN
CRE
YRE
CFF
YFF
Reserved

Type: RO
Buffer: Immediate
Reset: Undefined
Description: When a bit in register LMU_STA changes from 0 to 1, the corresponding bit in register
LMU_ITS is set, independent of the state of LMU_ITM. If any set LMU_ITS bit is
unmasked, the line LMU_IRQ is asserted. Reading LMU_ITS clears all bits in this
register. When LMU_ITS is 0, the LMU_IRQ line returns deasserted.

LMU_AFD LMU accumulated field difference
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved DIFF_Y DIFF_C

Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description: This unsigned status register returns two 8-bit values that indicate the accumulated
difference between the current field and the same field of the previous frame; bits 0 to 7
indicate the difference between chroma fields, bits 8 to 15 indicate the difference
between luma fields. The accumulated difference may be used by software to detect if a
received picture is from a film source.
The difference is not actually accumulated over the entire field. Instead, 16 horizontally
adjacent pixels in the current field are compared to the equivalent 16 pixels of the
previous frame. The magnitude of each pixel difference is accumulated in a 12-bit
register. At the end of the 16-pixel sample, the upper 8 bits of the accumulated
difference are stored in an 8-bit maximum difference register.
This process is repeated over the picture. At the end of each 16-pixel calculation, the
current accumulated difference is compared to the stored difference, and the greater of
the two is stored. This is carried out for both luma and chroma pixels, and the results are
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accumulated separately. At the end of the field (that is, during vertical reset), the
maximum difference register for luma is assigned to field DIFF_Y of LMU_AFD, while
the maximum difference register for chroma is assigned to field DIFF_C.
If LMU_CTRL.DTI_Y is set to 1, field LMU_AFD.DIFF_Y is invalid. Similarly, if bit
LMU_CTRL.DTI_C of is set to 1, then field LMU_AFD.DIFF_C is invalid.

STx7100 51 Compositor
51 Compositor
51.1 Overview
The compositor comprises two real-time, multiplane digital mixers. The main mixer (MIX1)
composes up to five layers: a background color, a video plane, two graphics planes, and a cursor
plane. The auxiliary mixer (MIX2) composes the video 2 plane with the graphics 2 plane.
The video planes are supplied from the main and auxiliary display processors. Pixel data for the
2D-graphics planes and cursor plane are read directly from memory.
After real time processing by the display plane pipelines, pixel data are mixed in mixer 1 or
mixer 2. The output of mixer 1 supports up to full HD resolutions and is intended as the main TV
display (Figure 165). The output of mixer 2 (Figure 166) supports up to full SD resolutions and is
intended as an auxiliary display for applications including connection to a VCR. The mixer
outputs are fed to the STx7100’s output stage.
Figure 165: Mixer 1 plane
Alpha plane
Background color
VID1
X
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GDP1
GDP2
cursor
08:23pm
Channel 5
Replay Score Stats
08:23pm
Replay Score Stats

Channel 5
The compositor also comprises additional components that can be used to enhance the display
presentation of video and graphics. These include an alpha plane attachment and a cross-bar

51 Compositor STx7100
router. Their functions are described below. A capture pipeline is also provided for capturing
main or auxiliary video streams or mixer 1 or 2 output streams and storing them in memory.
Figure 166: Mixer 2 planes
VID2
GDP2
Channel5
51.2 Compositor layout

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Figure 167 shows a block diagram of the compositor. It presents the dataflow and memory
access of all the compositor modules.
The graphics and cursor pipelines read pixel data and related control information directly from
memory. The video input pipelines accept data from the main and auxiliary video display
pipelines. Video and graphics data captured for the compositor data flow by the capture pipeline
is written back to memory with a resolution up to 32 bits/pixel. The real-time processing
performed by each pipeline is controlled by register programming.
Digital mixer 1 successively blends video layers VID1, both graphics layers (GDP1 and GDP2),
the cursor layer and a background color. A cross-bar router enables the hierarchy of the GDP1
and VID1 layers to be programmed. The resulting order is background color, GDP2, (VID1 and
GDP1 in programmed order) and cursor from background to foreground. Each layer can be
independently enabled or disabled. The blending operates in the RGB color domain, so each
layer supplies an RGB signal (3x12 bits), with transparency information that provides the
weighting coefficients for the mixing operation at a given depth.
Digital mixer 2 successively blends one video layer (VID2) with one graphics layer (GDP2). For
mixer 2, the priority is fixed with GDP2 in front of video.
All sub-blocks are controlled by hardware registers. All these registers can be read but not
necessarily written. The graphics planes are link-list based and have their register set written
through the memory (register download is controlled directly by the hardware after initialization).
All other registers can be written. The registers are listed in Chapter 52 on page 550. Each plane
block supports a specific set of bitmap formats. All bitmap formats are described in Section
47.8: Local memory storage of supported graphics formats on page 454. Each plane starts
reading data from memory when it is enabled in mixer 1 or mixer 2.

Figure 167: Graphics and video block diagram
Compositor
System interconnect
ALP
BKC i0
video
display VID1 i1 o1 i1
5-channel digital blender

i2 o2 i2
GDP1
i3 o3 i3
Alpha attachment
GDP2
i4 o4 i4
Analog and digital outputs

i5 o5 i5
Output stage
i6 o6 i6
i7 o7 i7
Cross-bar
i8
CUR
mixer 1- main
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digital blender
RGB to YCbCr
2-channel
auxiliary
video
display VID2
mixer 2- auxiliary

51.3 Digital mixer 1 (MIX1) - main display output

The main display output mixer mixes all the display planes and generates the main output (it
cannot be used for the auxiliary output). The output can be high- or standard-definition, and is
usually used for TV.
Mixer 1 is controlled by registers prefixed with GAM_MIX1_.
Each graphics and video layer can be enabled or disabled for display in register
GAM_MIX1_CTRL.
Mixer 1 is composed of three independent sub-blocks: the blender, the cross-bar router, and the
alpha plane attachment unit.
51.3.1 Four-channel blender

The digital mixer successively blends the four layers, from background to foreground. Each layer
can be independently enabled or disabled. Blending operates in the RGB color domain, so each
layer, except for the cursor, supplies an RGB signal (3 x 12 bits) with transparency information
that provides the weighting coefficients for the mixing operation at a given depth.
The background color register GAM_MIX1_BKC is a 24-bit RGB register included in the mixer,
and is functionally equivalent to a plane filled with solid color. This plane is always opaque with
no associated alpha value. The limits of this plane are specified according to a programmable
rectangular window. Outside this window, the background color is forced to the blanking color
(black R = G = B = 0).
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The computation unit outputs a 4:4:4 digital RGB signal. A global rectangular window for defining
the active video area is provided (GAM_MIX1_AVO and GAM_MIX1_AVS). Outside this window,
the mixer outputs a default blanking color (black R = G = B = 0). A window indicator signal is
provided, synchronously with the RGB data bus, for external use (such as a video blanking
signal).
Mixer 1 takes into account bits IGNOREONMIX1 and FORCEONMIX1 (GAM_GDPn_PPT),
provided by the GDP pipelines, on any enabled GDP layer. If bit IGNOREONMIX1 is set, the
current viewport is not displayed. If bit FORCEONMIX1 is set, then the GDP viewport color
information can be displayed outside the active video area window, instead of the blanking color.
Note: The window indicator flag is not affected.
From an application point of view, this last feature is useful when a VBI waveform has been
synthesized as a graphics object, and uses a GDP pipeline to be inserted in the analog output on
a VBI line.
Two configurable signals can indicate whether the current output contains a certain amount of
graphics information, or if it is composed of pure video content. In some systems, external
processing operations can be applied selectively, according to the pixel video or graphic content.
51.3.2 Cross-bar router

The cross bar router is used to re-order the plane hierarchy, so that the user can program the
order that the video and graphics planes appear in the display, from background to foreground.
The planes that can be re-ordered include the video plane and the two graphics planes (VID1,
GDP1 and GDP2). The background color and cursor layers are not affected. The depth of each
layer in the hierarchy is programmed in register GAM_MIX1_CRB.

51.3.3 Alpha plane attachment unit

The alpha plane processor can combine the alpha channel provided by the alpha plane pipeline
with the alpha component of either GDP1, GDP2 or VID1.
Any of these pipelines supplies RGB color information, together with two alpha components. One
gives the blending weight for this current RGB pixel (alphaRGB(IN)), whereas the other gives the
weight for the intermediate pixel resulting from the blend operations of all the background layers
(alphaBKG (IN)). Let alphaalpha_plane be the value provided by the alpha plane pipeline.
The alpha processor reinjects the alpha plane value on both components, using:
alphaRGB(OUT) = alphaRGB(IN) x alphaalpha_plane
alphaBKG (OUT) = 1.0 - ((1.0 - alphaBKG(IN)) x alphaalpha_plane)
This is correct for both the VID and GDP pipelines handling either premultiplied or non-
premultiplied colors.
51.4 Digital mixer 2 (MIX2) - auxiliary display output

Mixer 2 is a much simpler engine, for the auxiliary display only, with just two inputs, generic
display pipeline GDP2 and video VID2. It is controlled by the registers prefixed with
GAM_MIX2_.
Each graphics and video layer can be enabled or disabled for display in GAM_MIX2_CTRL.
Blending operates in the RGB color domain, from the RGB signals (3 x 12 bits) supplied by the
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layers, together with the associated transparency information.

There is no background color register, but a default black background color (R = G = B = 0).
The computation unit outputs a 4:4:4 digital RGB signal. A global rectangular window for defining
the active video area is provided (GAM_MIX2_AVO and GAM_MIX2_AVS). Outside this window,
the mixer outputs a default blanking color (black R = G = B = 0). A window indicator signal is
provided, synchronously with the RGB/YCbCr data bus, for external use (such as a video
blanking signal, for instance).
If GDP2 is enabled, mixer 2 takes into account the property register GAM_GDPn_PPT, bits
IGNOREONMIX2 and FORCEONMIX2, provided by the GDP2 pipeline. If IGNOREONMIX2 is
set, the current viewport is not displayed. If FORCEONMIX2 is set, then the GDP viewport color
information can be displayed outside the active video area window, instead of the blanking color.
Note: The window indicator flag is not affected.
From an application point of view, this last feature is useful when a VBI waveform has been
synthesized as a graphics object, and uses the GDP2 pipeline to be inserted in the analog
output, on a VBI line.
Two configurable signals indicate whether the current output contains graphics information, or if
it is composed of pure video content. In some systems, external processing operations can be
applied selectively, according to the pixel video or graphics content.

51.5 Generic display pipelines (GDP1 and GDP2)

The generic display pipelines have the following features:
● Link-list-based display engine, for multiple viewport capabilities.
● ARGBargb formats including ARGB1555, ARGB4444, RGB565, RGB888, ARGB8565,

ARGB8888.
● YCbCr4:2:2R, YCbCr888 and AYCbCr8888 format support.
● Premultiplied or non-premultiplied RGB component support.
● Little endian and big endian bitmap support.
● Color space conversion matrix, (YCbCr 601/709, chroma signed/unsigned to RGB).
● Gain and offset adjustment.
● Per-pixel alpha channel combined with per-viewport global alpha.
● 5-tap horizontal sample rate converter, for horizontal upsampling. This can be used to adapt
the pixel aspect ratio. The resolution is 1/8th pixel (polyphase filter with eight subpositions).
● Color keying capability.
The output format of GDP is RGB-12-12-12 that goes to the digital mixer along with the 8-bit
alpha and 8-bit (1-alpha) values. See full description of the supported graphics in Section
47.8: Local memory storage of supported graphics formats on page 454.
51.5.1 General description of GDPs

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A GDP can handle a multiple-viewport display, using a display instruction list (link list) stored in
the external memory. (A viewport is a physical rectangular area on the screen. It is defined by
XDO / XDS / YDO / YDS with reference to the top-left corner of the screen.)
Figure 168: Example: a resized window attached to a viewport
Screen
Viewport
Screen (0,0) Pitch
Window
YDO Bitmap (0,0)
Viewport
height
YDS
Viewport
width
XDO XDS
Stored bitmap
One or several viewports can be attached to the GDP layer, depending on its capabilities. When
several viewports are defined within a layer, only one viewport can be handled by each video
scan line. In a given layer, each screen location where no viewport is defined is automatically
transparent (the alpha channel to the mixer is forced to 0).
A bitmap stored in external memory must be attached to the viewport. All or part of this bitmap
can be visible in the viewport; this is the bitmap window. The window is defined by the bitmap

color format, bitmap pitch, linear start address, width and height. The linear start address is the
address of the bitmap pixel that is to be displayed in the top-left corner of the viewport, that is the
address of the window (0,0) pixel.
Most of the time, the window and the viewport have the same size. Their sizes are different each
time a resizing factor is applied to the window, so that the rescaled bitmap matches with the
viewport size.
When programmed sizes are not consistent, the display is locally undefined.
The screen is described by a display link-list that must be built in the external memory. For each
viewport, a node is defined that contains the viewport configuration, bitmap window settings,
display options (such as global transparency, filtering mode, gain/offset adjustment). The node
also contains a memory pointer to the node describing the next viewport to display.
The display link-list is generally circular. For an interlaced display, the link-list is field-based. A
node must be provided for the top and the bottom fields (they can be different, particularly the
start address).
Figure 169: Typical display link-list configuration for a progressive display
(0,0)
GFX
data 1
viewport 1 (RGB565) Node 1
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GFX
viewport 2
Node 2 data 2
(YCbCr422R)
Node 3
viewport 3 (ARGB4444)
GFX
Nodes data 3
Screen
External memory Graphics data

Figure 170: Typical display link-list configuration for an interlaced display
(0,0)
Node 1 GFX
Top
data 1
viewport 1 (RGB565)
Node 2
Top
GFX
viewport 2
Node 3 data 2
(YCbCr422R) Top
Node 1
Bottom
viewport 3 (ARGB4444)
GFX
screen
Node 2 data 3
Bottom
Node 3
Bottom
Graphics data
External memory Nodes
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YDO and YDS are specified with respect to a frame line-numbering, even in an interlaced
display.
The next figure specifies how the hardware must consider the register values, depending on the
top or bottom field, so that each viewport can be vertically positioned with a one-line accuracy.
Figure 171: Line numbering convention in an interlaced display
Top field Bottom field

n 2.n First
n 2.n +1 line Address A
n+1 2.(n+1) B = A+Pitch
n+1 2.(n+1) +1
n+2 2.(n+2)
n+2 2.(n+2) +1
n+3 2.(n+3)
n+3 2.(n+3) +1 Pitch
n+4 2.(n+4)
n+4 2.(n+4) +1
n+5 2.(n+5)
n+5 2.(n+5) +1
Example 1 Example 2 5-line bitmap stored
in external memory
YDO Even YDO Odd
Frame line-numbering
GDP_PML GDP_PML
= A if TOP = B if TOP
= B if BOT = A if BOT
intra-field line numbering
(as provided by VTG counters)
1 - During the top field, the VTG counter must be compared to (YDO+1 >> 1) and (YDS >> 1) for detecting the
viewport active area.
2 - During the bottom field, the VTG counter must be compared to (YDO >> 1) and (YDS-1 >> 1) for detecting the
viewport active area.
3 - Whatever the field, top or bottom, the first bitmap line to read from memory is always at the memory
location specified by the GDP_PML register. It is the responsibility of the software to program this register
according to the field parity.
For the progressive display configuration, this consideration is of course trivial.

How to start the display

To start the display on a GDP, a link-list must be programmed in memory. Register
GAM_GDPn_NVN must be set by the CPU with the address of the first node to be displayed
within this link-list. Then the corresponding GDP enable bit in register GAM_MIXn_CTRL must
be set. This write operation is synchronized on the next Vsync event. On that event, the GDP
pipeline fetches the first node from memory, and starts to retrieve pixel data according to the
display parameters specified in the node.
To obtain clean node switching, particularly in the case of two vertically adjacent viewports (the
horizontal blanking interval can be quite short), the hardware uses an internal dual register bank
in toggle mode for the nodes. The next node loading process is always anticipated (for node N),
and occurs at the beginning of the first line displayed for node (N - 1). This mechanism is
transparent to the programmer.
To stop the display, the GAM_MIXn_CTRL enable bit must be set back to 0. This is taken into
account synchronously with the field (frame) rate.
How to modify the display parameters

Hardware and software may conflict when accessing the nodes if the software wants to modify a
display parameter. It is recommended to toggle between two link-lists stored in memory each
time one or more display parameters have to be modified.
For the final node of either of these link-lists, which corresponds to the lowest viewport, bit
WAIT_NEXT_VSYNC in register GAM_GDPn_CTRL must be set to 1. This prevents the node
anticipation process from occurring: loading is delayed until the next Vsync event.
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When the hardware is working from the current displayed link-list, the software is free to make
any modification in the other link-list, such as viewport parameters, viewport insertion/deletion.
Once the link-list has been updated, the software simply updates the GAM_GDPn_NVN register
field in the last node of the current link-list. This is a single memory write access, and thus cannot
conflict with a hardware access (no partially updated parameters). As this node has been
programmed not to anticipate the next node loading, the hardware waits until the next Vsync, and
then correctly switches to the new link-list.
If memory update for register GAM_GDPn_NVN is synchronized in the Vsync software handler,
the link-list switch occurs with a one field delay (or one frame if progressive).
For an interlaced display, this scheme can be simplified by using a single link-list and updating
the top parameters while the bottom field is displayed and vice-versa.
Bandwidth considerations
In terms of the bandwidth requirement (BR), the general formula to estimate the GDP weight on
a given system is the following:
BR (in Mbyte/s) = (pixel frequency in MHz) x (number of bytes per pixel) x (horizontal
resampling factor)
Examples:
● 601 rate / RGB565 / x1: BR = 13.5 x 2 x 1 = 27 Mbyte/s
● PAL SQ rate / YCbCr422R / x1: BR = 14.75 x 2 x 1 = 29.5 Mbyte/s
● 601 rate / ARGB8888 / zoom out x2: BR = 13.5 x 4 x 2 = 108 Mbyte/s

51.5.2 Description of unitary functions

Input formatter
This sub-block converts the 128-bit STBus data bus, into an internal pixel bus. The clock rate for
the pixel bus is PIXCLK.
If the bitmap is big endian, the endianness conversion occurs on the original pixels as read from
memory, before their mapping on the internal 32-bit pixel bus. Figure 172 shows the byte swap
performed on big endian pixels, according to the different color formats. For each viewport, the
endianness of the bitmap may be defined using GAM_GDPn_CTRL.BIGNOTLITTLE.
Figure 172: Endianness conversion for big endian pixels
RGB565 RGB888 ARGB8888

ARGB1555 ARGB8565 AYCbCr8888
ARGB4444 YCbCr888
YCbCr422R (24 bit pixel only)
MSB LSB MSB LSB MSB LSB

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Two bytes swap Three bytes swap Four bytes swap
Another bit that is not included in the viewport node (GAM_GDPn_PKZ.BIGNOTLITTLE)

indicates if the nodes, filters coefficients, are stored in big or little endian. This bit should reflect
the endianness of the host CPU. It performs a four-byte swap on the 32-bit word fetched when
loading the nodes and the filter coefficients.
Table 162: 32-bit pixel bus format, at the formatter output
Input color Alpha Color data

format 31:28 27:24 23:20 19:16 15:12 11:8 7:4 3:0
RGB565 128 R5/3MSB or 000 G6/2MSB or 00 B5/3MSB or 000
RGB888 128 R8 G8 B8
ARGB1555 GLOBAL_ALPHA_0 if R5/3MSB or 000 G5/3MSB or 000 B5/3MSB or 000
A1=0
GLOBAL_ALPHA_1 if
A1=1
ARGB8565 A8a R5/3MSB or 000 G6/2MSB or 00 B5/3MSB or 000
ARGB8888 A8a R8 G8 B8
ARGB4444 0/A4/100 R4/4MSB or 0000 G4/4MSB or 0000 B4/4MSB or 0000
(but keep 0 and 128)
YCbCr888 128 Cr8 Y8 Cb8
YCbCr422R
AYCbCr8888 A8a Cr8 Y8 Cb8
a. The GDP supports either 0 to 128 or 0 to 255 8-bit alpha. When a 255 range is used, the input
alpha value is converted to a 0 to 128 component using the following formula:
A0..128 = (A0..255 + 1) x 2-1.

When there is no alpha channel in the input color format, a 128 alpha value is forced, except for
the ARGB1555 mode. In this case, the global alpha registers (0 and 1) are used in the input
formatter block. When bit 15 of the incoming pixel (A1) is 0, the alpha output is forced to the value
of GLOBAL_ALPHA_0. When bit 15 is 1, the alpha output is forced to the value of
GLOBAL_ALPHA_1.
Two possibilities are provided to extend the component depth (4/5/6 bits to 8 bits): either the
LSBs are filled with 0, or the MSBs are repeated, so that the full 8-bit color range can be used
(see LSB_STUFFING_MODE in register GAM_GDPn_CTRL). For 4:2:2 to 4:4:4 conversion, the
interpolation scheme is similar to the one used in the blitter (except for the chroma extended
mode that is not supported). This is described in Chapter 47: 2D graphics processor (blitter)
on page 424.
Color space converter

If the input format is YCbCr888, AYCbCr8888 or YCbCr4:2:2R, a YCbCr to RGB color space
converter is required. It uses either the 601 matrix or the 709 matrix. It is bypassed for an RGB
input. In this version of the compositor, the video RGB color space is used to fit with NTSC/PAL
test patterns. The output is 10:10:10 signed RGB.
Table 163A: 601 colorimetry / floating-point matrix / digital range
YCbCr to video RGB integer matrix

R = 1 xY + 0 x (Cb - 128) + 351/256 x (Cr - 128)
G = 1 xY - 86/256 x (Cb - 128) - 179/256 x (Cr - 128)
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B = 1 xY + 444/256 x (Cb - 128) + 0 x (Cr - 128)
Table 163B: 709 colorimetry / floating-point matrix / digital range
YCbCr to video RGB integer matrix

R = 1 xY + 0 x (Cb - 128) + 394/256 x (Cr - 128)
G = 1 xY - 47/256 x (Cb - 128) - 117/256 x (Cr - 128)
B = 1 xY + 464/256 x (Cb - 128) + 0 x (Cr - 128)
Figure 173: Color space converter block diagram
YCbCr to RGB
3x3
Input RGB
32 24 matrix 30
or bypass
Output
(to gain / offset block)
Alpha
8 8
Alpha component:
pipeline compensation

2D-resize, horizontal filter

The GDP contains a horizontal filter that can be used for upsampling of graphics displays.
Downsizing and vertical resizing are not supported. The filter is based on an 5-tap sample rate
converter with eight phases and is programmed using GAM_GDPn_HSRC. The SRC increment
is programmed using a 2.8 format and the initial phase can be programmed to a resolution of
eight subpixel positions.
The horizontal filter coefficients are stored in memory. The 40 filter coefficients are loaded from
memory pointed to by GAM_GDPn_HFP and can be updated for each viewport if required.
Resizing can be performed with the filter enabled for interpolation or disabled for pixel repetition.
The horizontal filter can be used for upsampling and is provided to allow storage of HD resolution
graphics with a lower resolution (for example, x1/4 compared with full resolution storage) and
also for aspect ratio conversion of square pixel generated graphics for nonsquare pixel aspect
ratio display or vice versa.
Color key
If the current pixel color is part of the key range, then the associated alpha component of this
pixel is forced to 0, making this pixel totally transparent when mixed with the background layers in
the digital mixer. The color components are forced to black.
Table 164: Color key block output if match
Input format Output if color key match

ARGBargb A=R=G=B=0
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YCbCr422R / YCbCr888 / AYCbCr8888 A = 0, Y = 16, Cb = Cr = 128

Chroma offset binary (unsigned)
YCbCr422R / YCbCr888 / AYCbCr8888 A = 0, Y = 16, Cb = Cr = 0
Chroma two’s complement (signed)
The color key feature is enabled for a viewport by setting GAM_GDPn_CTRL.COLOR_KEY_EN

to 1. When set, the color key operates as follows:
COLOR_KEY_MATCH = TRUE
IF
[(Rin<Rmin) or (Rin>Rmax)] AND GAM_GDPn[21:20] = 11
OR (Rmin<=Rin<=Rmax) AND GAM_GDPn[21:20] = 01
OR GAM_GDPn[21:20] = x0
AND
[(Gin<Gmin) or (Gin>Gmax)] AND GAM_GDPn[19:18] = 11
OR (Gmin<=Gin<=Gmax) AND GAM_GDPn[19:18] = 01
AND
[(Bin<Bmin) OR (Bin>Bmax)] AND GAM_GDPn[17:16] = 11
OR (Bmin<=Bin<=Bmax) AND GAM_GDPn[17:16] = 01
When used on a YCbCr input the correspondence is the following: G/Y, Cb/B, Cr/R.
The values RMIN, GMIN, BMIN are programmed in GAM_GDPn_KEY1.
The values RMAX, GMAX and BMAX are programmed in GAM_GDPn_KEY2.

Figure 174: Color key block diagram
Settings
Color key
processor
YCbCr YCbCr
or RGB Match or RGB
Input
38 30 black Output
30 38
Color components
8
0 8
Alpha
Alpha
Alpha component
Gain/offset adjustment
A dynamic range adjustment is provided. The three RGB components can be multiplied by a
fixed coefficient, before they are sent to the digital mixer. This is useful to avoid highly saturated
colors to be mixed with video. The black level can be adjusted as well. When used
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simultaneously, these features act like a contrast adjustment.
Figure 175: Gain/offset diagram
GAM_GDPn_AGC.CONSTANT
GAM_GDPn_AGC.GAIN
8, 0 to 128 8, 0 to 255
RIN [7:0] ROUT [11:0]

3 x 10 3 x 12
GIN [7:0] GOUT [11:0]
BIN [7:0] BOUT [11:0]
Rg [11:0]
Gg [11:0]
alignment
Bg [11:0]
7 0 GAM_GDPn_AGC.CONSTANT
+ 11 8 7 0 Rg Gg Bg
11 8 7 0 ROUT GOUT BOUT
-16 -1
RGBOUT = ((((RGBIN x GAM_GDPn_AGC.GAIN) x 2 ) + 1) x 2 ) + GAM_GDPn_AGC.CONSTANT
Alpha out sub-block

This block provides the relative weights that are used by the digital mixer when mixing the GDP
output on top of the background layers (BKG). The following C-like code shows what is output by
the pipeline, depending on the input format (premultiplied or not, special case for ARGB1555),
and on the ALPHA_HBORDER_EN / ALPHA_VBORDER_EN configuration bits in register
GAM_GDPn_CTRL.

Naming conventions:
● AlphaPIXEL is the alpha component attached to the current pixel at the output of the color
space converter block.

● AlphaGDP is the weight provided to the mixer for the GDP color components
● AlphaBKG is the weight provided to the mixer for the background color components
IF (InputFormat == ARGB1555)
GlobalAlpha = 128; // GLOBALALPHA0/1 registers used in input formatter block
ELSE
GlobalAlpha = GlobalAlpha0_register;
IF [(FirstPixel or LastPixel) AND ALPHA_HBORDER_EN]
OR ((FirstLine OR LastLine) AND ALPHA_VBORDER_EN))
GlobalAlpha = GlobalAlpha >> 1; // Alpha divided by 2 on viewport edges
IF (PREMULTIPLIED_FORMAT)
AlphaGDP = GlobalAlpha // AlphaPIXEL already applied on color components
ELSE
AlphaGDP = (((GlobalAlpha x AlphaPIXEL) >> 6) + 1) >> 1;
AlphaBKG = 128 - { [((GlobalAlpha x AlphaPIXEL) >> 6) + 1] >> 1 },
GLOBALALPHA0/1 registers refer to GAM_GDPn_AGC.GLOBAL_ALPHA_0 and
GLOBAL_ALPHA_1.
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ALPHA_VBORDER_EN, ALPHA_HBORDER_EN, and PREMULTIPLIED_FORMAT are in

GAM_GDPn_CTRL.
51.6 Cursor plane (CUR)

The cursor is defined as a 128x128 pixel area held in off-chip memory, in ACLUT8 format. Each
cursor entry is a 16-bit ARGB4444 color + alpha value. The alpha factor of four-bits is for
handling an anti-aliased cursor pattern on top of the composed output picture.
The cursor plane has the following features:
● ACLUT8 format, with ARGB4444 CLUT entries, so 256 colors can be simultaneously
displayed for the cursor pattern, among 4096 colors associated with a 16-level translucency
channel.
● Size is programmable up to 128x128.
● Hardware rectangular clipping window, out of which the cursor is never displayed (per-pixel
clipping, so only part of the cursor can be out of this window, and consequently transparent).
● Current bitmap is specified using a pointer register to an external memory location, making
cursor animation very easy.
● Programmable pitch, so that all cursor patterns can be stored in a single global bitmap.

Figure 176: CUR functional block diagram
STBus Control Rectangular

controller
registers clipping Alpha 8 bits
(T1/2xT2)
Alpha
Formatter
Input
FIFO CLUT
8-bit RGB 3 x 4 bits
index
System Request
interconnect from mixer
51.6.1 General description of cursor plane

Cursor overview
The cursor pipeline can display a cursor pattern, stored in external memory in ACLUT8 format.
An internal CLUT makes the color expansion from index to true-color values, using 16-bit
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ARGB4444 entries.
● The vertical size of the cursor pattern can range from 1 to 128 (register GAM_CUR_SIZE).
● The maximum horizontal size depends on the memory alignment of the cursor pixel data.
Assume that CUR_MEM_ADDR (GAM_CUR_PML) is the memory address for pixel (0,0),
with respect to a top-left origin. The maximum width is:
MAX_CURSOR_WIDTH = 128 - (CUR_MEM_ADDR mod 16)
When the cursor data are aligned on a 128-bit word memory, the maximum width is 128.
The worst case is when (CUR_MEM_ADDR mod 16) = 15 (example: 0xAAAF); the
maximum width becomes 113.
● The cursor pipeline is controlled through a register file directly accessible by the CPU. As
these registers are double-buffered with internal update on Vsync, any change is taken into
account during the next field to be displayed.
● The cursor pattern can be changed simply by modifying register GAM_CUR_PML (GUI
cursor change, cursor animation).
● The CLUT is loaded from memory during each vertical blanking interval, if this loading
process is enabled (see GAM_CUR_CTRL.REFRESH). A dedicated register provides the
memory address to retrieve the CLUT data (GAM_CUR_CML).
● The YDO value (in register GAM_CUR_VPO) is specified with respect to frame line-
numbering, even in an interlaced display.
The next figure specifies how the hardware uses these register values, depending on the
parity of the current field (top or bottom), so that each viewport can be vertically positioned
with a one-line accuracy. Thus these registers need not be programmed according to the
current displayed field. The pipeline automatically fetches the right data in memory.

Figure 177: Cursor line numbering assumption in an interlaced display
Top field Bottom field

n 2.n First
n 2.n +1 line CUR_PML
n+1 2.(n+1)
n+1 2.(n+1) +1
n+2 2.(n+2)
n+2 2.(n+2) +1
n+3 2.(n+3)
n+3 2.(n+3) +1 Pitch
n+4 2.(n+4)
n+4 2.(n+4) +1
n+5 2.(n+5)
n+5 2.(n+5) +1
Example 1 Example 2 5-line bitmap stored
in external memory
YDO even YDO odd
Frame line-numbering
GAM_CUR_SIZE.HEIGHT = 5
intra-field line numbering
(as provided by VTG counters)
-1
1 - During the top field, the VTG counter must be compared to ((YDO + 1) x 2 ) for detecting the video line
where the first bitmap line must be displayed
If YDO is even, this first bitmap line to display is at memory location CUR_PML
If YDO is odd, this first bitmap line to display is at memory location CUR_PML+PITCH
-1
2 - During the bottom field, the VTG counter must be compared to (YDO x 2 ) for detecting the video line
where the first bitmap line must be displayed
If YDO is even, this first bitmap line to display is at memory location CUR_PML+PITCH
If YDO is odd, this first bitmap line to display is at memory location CUR_PML
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For progressive display configuration, this consideration is not important.
How to start the cursor display

To start displaying the cursor, the corresponding enable bit in register GAM_MIX1_CTRL must
be set. This write operation is synchronized on the next Vsync event. On that event, the cursor
pipeline fetches the CLUT from memory, if the CLUT refresh process is enabled.
Then the cursor pipeline retrieves pixel data from memory, according to the display parameters
specified in the node. A single access is made.
To stop the display, the GAM_MIX1_CTRL enable bit must be set back to 0. This is taken into
account synchronously with the field (frame) rate.
In terms of bandwidth requirements, the cursor pipeline weight on a given system is as follows:
● During the active video scanning area, one or two requests that occur at the beginning of
the video line (total: 128 bytes or less, according to the cursor width). Normally, one burst is
OK, except if there is a memory page crossing (the page size is assumed to be 512 bytes).
● During the vertical blanking interval, four or five consecutive requests to refresh the CLUT,
that occur just after the Vsync event (five in the case of a memory page crossing).

51.6.2 Unitary functions

Input formatter
There is no endianness issue concerning the bitmap, as the format is 8 bpp.
A register bit GAM_CUR_PKZ.BIGNOTLITTLE indicates if the palette is stored in big or little
endian. It performs a two bytes swap on the 16-bit ARGB4444 entries.
Table 165: Endianness conversion for big endian CLUT entries
D[15:8] D[7:0] Big endian Little endian CPU address
AR GB AR0 GB0
Entry 0 0
GB0 AR0 1
ARGB4444
AR1 GB1 2
Entry 1
GB1 AR1
AR44 GB44 3
4
5
7
Two bytes swap
Clipping window
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A rectangular clipping window can be defined. Outside this window, the cursor pattern, even if
defined, is forced to be transparent (alpha = 0).
The clipping window is defined using two registers: GAM_CUR_AWS (active window start) and
GAM_CUR_AWE (active window end). This is specified with respect to the frame numbering
convention (such as a GDP or VID viewport).
Figure 178 illustrates the use of the hardware cursor clipping window. Bits XDO and YDO are
signed (register GAM_CUR_VPO), so that the top-left corner of the cursor pattern can be
positioned anywhere in the screen, even in horizontal and vertical blanking.
There is no enable bit for the hardware window: the feature is disabled by programming the
window to match the screen size.
Note: The same screen look can be obtained without using the hardware window. As the address
generator supports a pitch parameter (GAM_CUR_PMP) that is different from the cursor width, it
is possible to use the base address GAM_CUR_CML.CLUT_MEM_ADDR and the width
(GAM_CUR_SIZE.WIDTH) parameters in conjunction.
Figure 178: Cursor clipping window
screen
active video
CUR_AWS clipping window
CUR_VPO
visible
hidden CUR_AWE
CUR_SIZE.WIDTH

51.7 Video plug (VID)

The STx7100 compositor has two video input plugs, one main (VID1) and one auxiliary (VID2).
These inputs accept 3 x 10 bit YCbCr video from the main and auxiliary display processors
respectively. Figure 179 shows a functional block diagram of the video input plug. The Alpha
channel from the input port is not used, so that the alpha weights provided to the mixers are
purely based on the global alpha values in the GAM_VIDn_ALP registers.
The plug provides the following features:
● Color key capability,
● Global alpha blending (combined with the per pixel alpha channel, if any),
● Vertical and horizontal edge smoothing.
Figure 179: VID functional block diagram
Local registers
STBus
controller
Color
key
STBus Color key
match
YCbCr
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36
YCbCr RGB
to
3 x 10 bits 30
RGB
data to
Global Alpha 0 8
Input A mixer
0 to 255 register Alpha
port Alpha
8 bits
to out 8
8 1-A
0 to 128
REQ
VALID Request from mixer
51.7.1 Color data path

● Programmable matrix: all input components are 10-bit signed. The nominal range is:
-448 ≤Y ≤+373
-420 ≤Cb, Cr ≤+420
Prior to the matrix, a (512 - GAM_VIDn_MPR1.Y_OS) offset is added, in order to recover an
unsigned luminance component.
Fixed video color space matrix:
RGB to YCbCr integer matrix as implemented

Y = 77/256 xR + 150/256 xG + 29/256 xB
306/1024 601/1024 117/1024
Cb = - 44/256 xR - 87/256 xG + 131/256 xB + 128
177/1024 347/1024 523/1023
Cr = 131/256 xR - 110/256 xG - 21/256 xB + 128
523/1024 438/1024 85/1024

RGB to YCbCr integer matrix as implemented

Y = 54/256 xR + 183/256 xG + 19/256 xB
218/1024 732/1024 74/1024
Cb = - 30/256 xR - 101/256 xG + 131/256 xB + 128
120/1024 404/1024 524/1024
Cr = 131/256 xR - 119/256 xG - 12/256 xB + 128
524/1024 476/1024 48/1024
The matrices are providing 12 bit signed gamma-corrected RGB components, with a dynamic
range (-2048 to 2047).
The color key processor operates in the YCbCr color space, according to the following equation:
COLOR_KEY_MATCH =
((CRin < CRmin) OR (CRin > CRmax)) AND (CRoutside = True) AND (EnableCR = True)
OR (CRmin <= CRin <= CRmax) AND (CRoutside = False) AND (EnableCR = True)
OR (EnableCR = False)
AND
((Yin < Ymin) OR (Yin > Ymax)) AND (Youtside = True) AND (EnableY = True)
OR ( Ymin <= Yin <= Ymax) AND (Youtside = False) AND (EnableY = True)
OR (EnableY = False)
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AND
((CBin < CBmin) OR (CBin > CBmax)) AND (CBoutside = True) AND (EnableCB = True)
OR ( CBmin <= CBin <= CBmax) AND (CBoutside = False) AND (EnableCB = True)
OR (EnableCB = False)
Note: The min and max registers are 8-bit registers (GAM_VIDn_KEY1/2). Thus, the two LSBs of the
incoming components are ignored by the color key processor.
51.7.2 Alpha data path

The alpha data path provides a programmable global alpha value for the video layer.
The alpha out block then performs the following processing:
● Alpha borders: the alpha component can be divided by two on the first and last viewport
columns (GAM_VIDn_CTRL.AB_H) and/or on the first and last viewport lines (AB_V).
● If the color key is enabled and there is a match, the alpha output is forced to 0, so that the
pixel is transparent.
● Both alpha and 128-alpha are provided to the next processing blocks (digital mixer).

51.8 Alpha plane (ALP)

This is an alpha-only version of the GDP pipeline, providing an 8-bit alpha bus. Only the
differences with the GDP specification are provided here.
This alpha component can then be attached to a color layer (video or graphics), and is combined
with the alpha component of the layer. This occurs in the digital mixer block. The features are:
● Link-list-based display engine, for multiple viewport capabilities.
● A1 and A8 formats supported (0 to 128 or 0 to 255 range for A8).
● 5-tap horizontal sample rate converter, for horizontal upsampling. This can be used to adapt
the pixel aspect ratio.
The resolution is 1/8th pixel (polyphase filter with 8 subpositions)
The ALP output format is an 8-bit alpha value, ranging from 0 to 128.
Figure 180: ALP functional block diagram
STBus
controller
(T1/2xT2) VF
2-tap V-SRC
5-tap Alpha
0:0:0:4 8-bit alpha
H-SRC out
Formatter to
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Input Delay HF
FIFO line
System GLOBAL_ALPHA_0 GAM_ALP_PPT Attachment

interconnect
register control
GLOBAL_ALPHA_1
51.8.1 General description

ALP overview
ALP can handle multiple-viewport display, from a display instruction list (link list) stored in the
external memory. Typically, an alpha plane viewport should be set up to match exactly the video
or graphics viewport it is attached to.
The alpha plane can be used only on MIX1.
For the viewport and window definition, refer to the relevant GDP subsection. Outside a viewport,
the alpha plane pipeline outputs 128.
How to start the display and modify the display parameters

This is similar to GDP; refer to the relevant GDP subsection.
In terms of bandwidth requirement (BR), the general formula to estimate the ALP weight on a
given system is the following:
BR (in Mbyte/s) = (pixel frequency in MHz) x (number of bits per pixel) x (horizontal
resampling factor) / 8
Examples:
● 601 rate / A1 / x1: BR = 13.5 x 1 x 1 / 8 = 1.69 Mbyte/s
● PAL SQ rate / A8 / x1: BR = 14.75 x 8 x 1 / 8 = 14.75 Mbyte/s
● 601 rate / A8 / zoom out x2: BR = 13.5 x 8 x 2 / 8 = 27 Mbyte/s

51.8.2 Unitary functions

Input formatter
This sub-block converts the 128-bit STBus data bus, into an internal 8-bit alpha bus. The clock
rate for the pixel bus is PIXCLK.
There is no endianness issue concerning the bitmap, as the format is either 1 or 8 bpp.
Bit GAM_ALP_PKZ.BIGNOTLITTLE (that is not included in the viewport node) indicates if the
nodes and filter coefficients are stored in big or little endian. This bit should reflect the
endianness of the host CPU. It performs a four-byte swap on the 32-bit word fetched when
loading the nodes and the filter coefficients.
Table 168: 8-bit alpha bus format, at the formatter output
Input color format Alpha

A1 GLOBAL_ALPHA_0 if A1 = 0
GLOBAL_ALPHA_1 if A1 = 1
A8 A8a
a. The ALP supports either 0 to 128 or 0 to 255 8-bit alpha. In case 255 range is used, the input
alpha value is converted in to a 0 to 128 component, using the following formula:
A0..128 = (A0..255 + 1) x 2-1
In A1 mode, when the bit is 0, then the alpha output is forced to the GLOBAL_ALPHA_0 value,
when the bit is 1, the alpha output is forced to the GLOBAL_ALPHA_1 value.
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The output of the formatter can be optionally complemented: (128 - Alpha) operator is applied
if GAM_ALP_CTRL.REV_ALPHA_EN is set to 1.
2D-resize, vertical filter and horizontal filter

This is similar to GDP; refer to Section 51.5.1: General description of GDPs on page 534.

52 Compositor registers STx7100
52 Compositor registers
52.1 Introduction
All the registers are seen from a start address. The registers of individual submodules of the
compositor, have addresses with respect to the corresponding base address (BaseAddress +
offset).
The relative register map is as given below. Each block occupies a 64x32-bit word address
range.
A complete register address is: CompositorBaseAddress + BlockOffset + register offset.
The CompositorBaseAddress is:
0x1920 A000.
Table 169: Compositor/relative register map
Block name BlockOffset

CURSOR 0x0000 (CUROffset)
GDP1 0x0100 (GDP1Offset)
GDP2 0x0200 (GDP2Offset)
ALP 0x0600 (ALPOffset)
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VID1 0x0700 (VID1Offset)

VID2 0x0800 (VID2Offset)
MIX1 0x0C00 (MIX1Offset)
MIX2 0x0D00 (MIX2Offset)

STx7100 52 Compositor registers
Table 170: Generic compositor register summary
Offset (0x) CUR GDPn VIDn ALP MIX1 MIX2

0000 CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL CTL
0004 AGC ALP AGC BKC
0008 HSRC HSRC
000C VPO VPO VPO VPO BCO
0010 VPS VPS VPS BCS
0014 PML PML PML
0018 PMP PMP PMP
001C SIZE SIZE SIZE
0020 CML VSRC VSRC
0024 NVN NVN
0028 AWS KEY1 KEY1 AVO AVO
002C AWE KEY2 KEY2 AVS AVS
0030 HFP MPR1 HFP
0034 PPT MPR2 PPT CRB
0038 MPR3 ACT ACT
003C MPR4
0040 HFC0 HFC0
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0044 HFC1 HFC1

0048 HFC2 HFC2
004C HFC3 HFC3
0050 HFC4 HFC4
0054 HFC5 HFC5
0058 HFC6 HFC6
005C HFC7 HFC7
0060 HFC8 HFC8
0064 HFC9 HFC9
00FC PKZ PKZ PKZ
A complete description of the compositor registers is given in the next sections. The complete
register name can be found applying the following rule: prefix GAM_ prefix ‘PIPE’_ register
designation.
Example: GAM_CUR_PML

52.2 Register map

Table 171: Mixers 1 and 2, cursor, video-plug and capture register map
Description Register Offset Type

Control GAM_MIX1_CTRL 0x0000 R/W
GAM_MIX1_CRB 0x0034 R/W
GAM_MIX1_ACT 0x0038 R/W
Background color GAM_MIX1_BKC 0x0004 R/W
GAM_MIX1_BCO 0x000C R/W
GAM_MIX1_BCS 0x0010 R/W
Active video area definition GAM_MIX1_AVO 0x0028 R/W
GAM_MIX1_AVS 0x002C R/W
Control GAM_MIX2_CTRL 0x0000 R/W
GAM_MIX2_ACT 0x0038 R/W
Active video area definition GAM_MIX2_AVO 0x0028 R/W
GAM_MIX2_AVS 0x002C R/W
Control register GAM_CUR_CTRL 0x0000 R/W
Viewport offset GAM_CUR_VPO 0x000C R/W
Pixmap GAM_CUR_PML 0x0014 R/W
Confidential
GAM_CUR_PMP 0x0018 R/W

GAM_CUR_SIZE 0x001C R/W
GAM_CUR_CML 0x0020 R/W
Clipping window GAM_CUR_AWS 0x0028 R/W
GAM_CUR_AWE 0x002C R/W
Miscellaneous GAM_CUR_PKZ 0x00FC R/W
Control register GAM_VIDn_CTRL 0x0000 R/W
Alpha blending GAM_VIDn_ALP 0x0004 R/W
Video viewport definition GAM_VIDn_VPO 0x000C R/W
GAM_VIDn_VPS 0x0010 R/W
Color key control GAM_VIDn_KEY1 0x0028 R/W
GAM_VIDn_KEY2 0x002C R/W
Reserved - 0x0030 - -
0x003C

Table 172: Generic display pipeline register map
128-bit word
alignment
Control register GAM_GDPn_CTRL 0x0000 RO/LLU Node
Blending and dynamic range control GAM_GDPn_AGC 0x0004 RO/LLU
128-bit word
Horizontal sample rate converter GAM_GDPn_HSRC 0x0008 RO/LLU 1
control
Viewport definition GAM_GDPn_VPO 0x000C RO/LLU
GAM_GDPn_VPS 0x0010 RO/LLU Node
Pixmap-related settings GAM_GDPn_PML 0x0014 RO/LLU
128-bit word
GAM_GDPn_PMP 0x0018 RO/LLU 2
GAM_GDPn_SIZE 0x001C RO/LLU
Reserved - 0x0020 - Node
Pointer to the next viewport node GAM_GDPn_NVN 0x0024 RO/LLU
128-bit word
Color key GAM_GDPn_KEY1 0x0028 RO/LLU 3
GAM_GDPn_KEY2 0x002C RO/LLU
Memory node
Pointer the horizontal filter coefficients GAM_GDPn_HFP 0x0030 RO/LLU Node
Viewport properties GAM_GDPn_PPT 0x0034 RO/LLU
128-bit word
Reserved 0x0038 - 4
Confidential
0x003C -
Horizontal filter coefficients GAM_GDPn_HFCn
GAM_GDPn_HFC0 0x0040 RO/LLU HF coefficient
GAM_GDPn_HFC1 0x0044 RO/LLU
128-bit word
GAM_GDPn_HFC2 0x0048 RO/LLU 1
GAM_GDPn_HFC3 0x004C RO/LLU
Filter coefficient structure
GAM_GDPn_HFC5 0x0054 RO/LLU

128-bit word
GAM_GDPn_HFC6 0x0058 RO/LLU 2
GAM_GDPn_HFC7 0x005C RO/LLU
GAM_GDPn_HFC9 0x0064 RO/LLU 128-bit word
Reserved - 0x0068 - - 3
0x006C
STBus protocol/maximum packet size GAM_GDPn_PKZ 0x00FC R/W -

Table 173: Alpha plane register map
128-bit word
alignment
Control register GAM_ALP_CTRL 0x0000 RO/LLU Node
GAM_ALP_ALP 0x0004 RO/LLU
128-bit word
Horizontal sample rate converter control GAM_ALP_HSRC 0x0008 RO/LLU 1
Viewport definition GAM_ALP_VPO 0x000C RO/LLU
GAM_ALP_VPS 0x0010 RO/LLU Node
Pixmap-related settings GAM_ALP_PML 0x0014 RO/LLU
128-bit word
GAM_ALP_PMP 0x0018 RO/LLU 2
GAM_ALP_SIZE 0x001C RO/LLU
Reserved - 0x0020 - Node
Pointer to the next viewport node GAM_ALP_NVN 0x0024 R/W/LLU
128-bit word
Reserved - 0x0028 - 3
0x002C
Memory node
Pointer the horizontal filter coefficients GAM_ALP_HFP 0x0030 RO/LLU Node
Viewport properties GAM_ALP_PPT 0x0034 RO/LLU
128-bit word
Reserved - 0x0038 - 4
0x003C
Confidential
Horizontal filter coefficients GAM_ALP_HFCn

GAM_ALP_HFC0 0x0040 RO/LLU HF coefficient.
GAM_ALP_HFC1 0x0044 RO/LLU
128-bit word
GAM_ALP_HFC2 0x0048 RO/LLU 1
GAM_ALP_HFC3 0x004C RO/LLU
GAM_ALP_HFC4 0x0050 RO/LLU Filter coefficient structure HF coefficient
128-bit word
GAM_ALP_HFC6 0x0058 RO/LLU 2
GAM_ALP_HFC7 0x005C RO/LLU
GAM_ALP_HFC8 0x0060 RO/LLU HF coefficient
128-bit word
Reserved 0x0068 - - 3
0x006C
STBus protocol / packet maximum size GAM_ALP_PKZ 0x00FC R/W Not relevant

52.3 Register descriptions
GAM_ALP_CTRL ALP control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
HFILTER_UPDATE_EN
WAIT_NEXT_VSYNC
A1_INBYTE_ORDER
A1_BYTE_START
ALPHA_FORMAT
REV_ALPHA_EN
ALPHA_RANGE
H_RESIZE_EN
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Address: CompositorBaseAddress + ALPOffset + 0x00
Type: Read/link list update
Reset: 0
Description: This register provides the operating mode of the ALP pipe, for the current viewport.
[31] WAIT_NEXT_VSYNC
0: The next node (as specified by GAM_ALP_NVN) is immediately loaded
1: ALP pipeline waits for the next VSync event before it loads the next node
Confidential
[30] HFILTER_UPDATE_EN: This bit is taken into account for any viewport node within a frame (field).
0: The coefficients for the H filter are not loaded
1: The coefficients for the H filter are updated from memory (see GAM_ALP_HFP)
[29] REV_ALPHA_EN: In reverse mode, (128-alpha) operator is applied at the pipeline input.
0: Alpha mode 1: Reverse alpha mode
[28] Reserved
[27] A1_INBYTE_ORDER: A1 format only: specifies sample ordering inside a byte
0: Screen most right sample in the MSB 1: Screen most right sample in the LSB
[26:24] A1_BYTE_START: A1 format only: specifies the bit location of the first alpha sample, in the first byte
000: First 1-bit alpha sample is bit 0 001: First 1-bit alpha sample is bit 1
-------
111: First 1-bit alpha sample is bit 7
[23:11] Reserved: Set to 0
[10] H_RESIZE_EN: Horizontal resize enable
[9:6] Reserved
[5] ALPHA_RANGE: for A8 format, this bit specifies the alpha range.
0: 0 to 128 range (128 = opaque) 1: 0 to 255 range (255 = opaque)
[4:0] ALPHA_FORMAT: alpha format for the bitmap associated to the current viewport
11000: A1 (0x18) 11001: A8 (0x19)

GAM_ALP_ALP ALP alpha
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved GLOBAL_ALPHA_1 GLOBAL_ALPHA_0

Reset: 0
Description: This register provides the 2 8-bit alpha values to be used when A1 format is selected at
the pipeline input. This register has no effect when A8 is selected.
[31:16] Reserved
[15:8] GLOBAL_ALPHA_1: For A1 format, this 8-bit value is used if the input bit is one.
The register range is 0 to 128. (0: Fully transparent, 128: Fully opaque)
[7:0] GLOBAL_ALPHA_0: For A1 format, this 8-bit value is used if the input bit is zero.
The register range is 0 to 128. (0: Fully transparent, 128: Fully opaque)
GAM_ALP_HSRC ALP horizontal sample rate converter
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
HSRC_INIT_PHASE
Confidential
HF_FILTER_MODE
Reserved Reserved Reserved HSRC_INC

Reset: 0
Description: This register provides the configuration for the horizontal sample rate converter. The
alpha plane HSRC should only be programmed for upscaling.
[31:25] Reserved
[24] HF_FILTER_MODE
0: Only horizontal resizing
1: Filter is enabled
[23:19] Reserved
[18:16] HSRC_INIT_PHASE: The horizontal sample rate converter state-machine initial phase, 0 to 7
[15:10] Reserved
[9:0] HSRC_INC: The horizontal sample rate converter state-machine increment, in 2.8 format

GAM_ALP_VPO ALP viewport offset
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Address: CompositorBaseAddress + ALPOffset + 0x0C

Reset: 0
Description: This register provides the x, y location of the viewport top-left pixel, with respect to the
current video timebase.
[31:27] Reserved
[26:16] YDO: Y location for the first line of the viewport (top), with respect to frame numbering
[15:12] Reserved
[11:0] XDO: X location for the first pixel of the viewport (left)
GAM_ALP_VPS ALP viewport stop
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Confidential

Reset: 0
Description: This register provides the x, y location of the viewport bottom-right pixel, with respect to
the current video timebase.
[31:27] Reserved
[26:16] YDS: Y location for the last line of the viewport (bottom), with respect to frame numbering
[15:12] Reserved
[11:0] XDS: X location for the last pixel of the viewport (right)
GAM_ALP_PML ALP pixmap memory location
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
64MB_BANK PIXMAP_ADDR

Reset: 0
Description: This register contains the memory location for the first alpha component to be read (top-
left corner).
[31:26] 64MB_BANK: 64 Mbyte bank number
[25:0] PIXMAP_ADDR: First pixel byte address, in the selected 64 Mbyte bank.
Note: The whole bitmap to be displayed must be totally included in the same bank.

GAM_ALP_PMP ALP pixmap memory pitch
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved PITCH_VAL

Reset: 0
Description: This register contains the memory pitch for the alpha bitmap, as stored in the memory.
[31:16] Reserved
[15:0] PITCH_VAL: Memory pitch for the displayed pixmap
Note: the pitch is the distance inside the memory, in bytes, between two vertically adjacent pixels.
GAM_ALP_SIZE ALP pixmap size
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved PIXMAP_HEIGHT Reserved PIXMAP_WIDTH
Address: CompositorBaseAddress + ALPOffset + 0x1C

Confidential

Reset: 0
Description: This register provides the size of the alpha bitmap attached to the viewport.
[31:27] Reserved
[26:16] PIXMAP_HEIGHT
Pixmap height in lines, being defined as the number of lines that must be read from memory for the
current field in an interlaced display
[15:11] Reserved
[10:0] PIXMAP_WIDTH: Pixmap width in pixels

GAM_ALP_NVN ALP next viewport node
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
64MB_BANK NEXT_NODE_ADDR Reserved

Type: R/W/link list update
Reset: 0
Description: This register contains a memory pointer to the next viewport node to be executed within
the link list.
Note: The CPU can directly write into this register; this is required at least to enable the
DMA link-list process to start.
[25:4] NEXT_NODE_ADDR: Memory location for the next node to be loaded (the node must be fully contained
in the specified bank). 4 LSBs address bits are “don’t care”, because the node structure must be aligned
on a 128-bit word boundary.
[3:0] Reserved
GAM_ALP_HFP ALP horizontal filter pointer

Confidential
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
64MB_BANK H_FILTER_PTR Reserved

Reset: 0
Description: This register contains a memory pointer to the set of filter coefficients that must be used
for the horizontal sample rate converter.
A new set of coefficients may be used for each individual viewport. The coefficients are
loaded only if GAM_ALP_CTRL[30] = 1 (HFILTER_UPDATE_EN).
[25:4] H_FILTER_PTR
Memory location when to retrieve the filter coefficients (10 32-bit words that must be fully contained in the
specified bank). 4 LSBs address bits are “don’t care”, because the filter coefficients structure must be
aligned on a 128-bit word boundary.
[3:0] Reserved

GAM_ALP_PPT ALP properties
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ALPHA_
Reserved Reserved
ATTACHMENT

Reset: 0
Description: Provides the mixer(s) with special information on the viewport currently displayed.
[31:8] Reserved
[7:4] ALPHA_ATTACHMENT: This field indicates the layer the alpha plane must be combined with.
0000: no attachment 0001: attach to VID1
0010: Reserved 0011: attach to GDP1
0100: attach to GDP2 0101: Reserved
1XXX: Reserved
[3:0] Reserved
GAM_ALP_HFCn ALP HF coefficients

Confidential
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Address: CompositorBaseAddress + ALPOffset + register offset

HFC0: 0x40, HFC1: 0x44, HFC2: 0x48, HFC3: 0x4C, HFC4: 0x50, HFC5: 0x54,
HFC6: 0x58, HFC7: 0x5C, HFC8: 0x60, HFC9: 0x64
Reset: 0

GAM_ALP_PKZ ALP maximum packet size
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
BIGNOTLITTLE
PKT_SIZE
Reserved
Reserved
Address: CompositorBaseAddress + ALPOffset + 0xFC

Type: R/W
Buffer: Immediate
Reset: 0x10
Description: This register is a 3-bit register for controlling the maximum size of a data packet during
an STBus transaction. These bits should be set to 0 in the STx7100 device.
[31:6] Reserved
[5] BIGNOTLITTLE: CPU endianness
0: little endian CPU 1: big endian CPU
000: message size 001: 16 STBus words
Confidential
This is a static register (not part of the link-list).
GAM_CUR_CTRL CUR control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
REFRESH
Reserved
Reserved
Address: CompositorBaseAddress + CUROffset + 0x00

Type: R/W
Buffer: Double-buffered, update on VTG Vsync
Reset: 0
Description: This register contains the values for controlling the CUR core.
[31:2] Reserved
[1] REFRESH: 0: Disable cursor CLUT refresh 1: Enable cursor CLUT refresh
[0] Reserved

GAM_CUR_VPO Viewport offset
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Address: CompositorBaseAddress + CUROffset + 0x0C

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register provides the screen x, y location of the cursor pattern (upper-left pixel).
[31:28] Reserved
[27:16] YDO: Vertical start location for CUR viewport, wrt line frame-numbering
[15:13] Reserved
[12:0] XDO: Horizontal start location for CUR viewport, wrt VTG horizontal counter
GAM_CUR_PML First pixel memory location
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CUR_BANK_NUM CUR_MEM_ADDR
Confidential

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register contains the address for the first pixel memory location.
[31:26] CUR_BANK_NUM: 64 Mb bank number
[25:0] CUR_MEM_ADDR: First pixel memory byte address
GAM_CUR_PMP Pixmap memory pitch
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved PIX_MEM_PITCH

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register contains the memory pitch for the cursor bitmap.
[31:16] Reserved
[15:0] PIX_MEM_PITCH: CUR pixmap memory pitch in bytes

GAM_CUR_SIZE Pixmap memory size
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved PIXMAP_HEIGHT Reserved PIXMAP_WIDTH

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register contains the horizontal and vertical size of the cursor pattern.
[31:24] Reserved
[23:16] PIXMAP_HEIGHT: Cursor pattern height (in pixel unit)
[15:8] Reserved
[7:0] PIXMAP_WIDTH: Cursor pattern width (in pixel units)
GAM_CUR_CML CLUT memory location
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CLUT_BANK_NUM CLUT_MEM_ADDR
Confidential

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register contains the memory pointer for the color look-up table (CLUT).
[31:26] CLUT_BANK_NUM: 64 Mb bank number
[25:0] CLUT_MEM_ADDR: CLUT memory byte address
GAM_CUR_AWS Active window start
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved AWS_Y Reserved AWS_X

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register contains the coordinates for the top-left location of the cursor active
window.
[31:27] Reserved
[26:16] AWS_Y: Vertical coordinate
[15:12] Reserved
[11:0] AWS_X: Horizontal coordinate

GAM_CUR_AWE Active window end
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved AWE_Y Reserved AWE_X

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Contains the coordinates for the bottom-right location of the cursor active window.
[31:27] Reserved
[26:16] AWE_Y: Vertical coordinate
[15:12] Reserved
[11:0] AWE_X: Horizontal coordinate
GAM_CUR_PKZ Packet size control
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
BIGNOTLITTLE
PKT_SIZE
Reserved
Confidential
Reserved
Address: CompositorBaseAddress + CUROffset + 0xFC

Type: R/W
Buffer: Immediate
Reset: 0
Description: Controls the packet size on an STBus transaction. In this device, the packet size must
be set to 0.
[31:3] Reserved
[5] BIGNOTLITTLE: CLUT endianness
0: Little endian CLUT 1: Big endian CLUT
[4:3] Reserved
[2:0] PKT_SIZE: Packet size
000: Packet size = message size 001: Packet size = 16 x 128-bit words

GAM_GDPn_CTRL GDP control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
R/CR_COLOR_KEY_CFG
B/CB_COLOR_KEY_CFG
G/Y_COLOR_KEY_CFG
LSB_STUFFING_MODE
ALPHA_HBORDER_EN
HFILTER_UPDATE_EN
WAIT_NEXT_VSYNC
PREMULT_FORMAT
CHROMA_FORMAT
ALPHA_VBORDER
COLOR_FORMAT
COLOR_KEY_EN
ALPHA_RANGE
BIGNOTLITTLE
H_RESIZE_EN
601/709_SEL
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Address: CompositorBaseAddress + GDPnOffset + 0x00
Reset: 0
Description: This register provides the operating mode of the GDP pipe for the current viewport
display.
[31] WAIT_NEXT_VSYNC
0: The next node (as specified by GAM_GDPn_NVN) is immediately loaded
1: The GDP must wait for the next Vsync event before it loads the next node
[30] HFILTER_UPDATE_EN
Confidential
This bit is taken into account for any viewport node within a frame (field)
0: Coefficients for the H filter are not loaded
1: Coefficients for the H filter are updated from memory (see GAM_GDPn_HFP)
[29] LSB_STUFFING_MODE
This configuration bit is used by the input formatter, in order to build the 32-bit internal pixel bus, whatever
the input color format. When set, this bit preserves the full dynamic range 0.0 to 1.0, whatever the input
format.
Note: The color key is affected by this setting.
0: If the number of bits per component at the input is fewer than 8, missing LSBs are filled with 0.
1: If the number of bits per component at the input is fewer than 8, missing LSBs are filled by the
appropriate number of MSBs.
[28:27] Reserved
[26] CHROMA_FORMAT
0: The color space converter assumes Cb/Cr use offset binary representation
1: The color space converter assumes Cb/Cr use two’s complement signed representation
[25] 601/709_SEL
0: The color space conversion uses the 601 colorimetry
1: The color space conversion uses the 709 colorimetry
[24] PREMULT_FORMAT: Premultiplied format
0: RGB components are not premultiplied by the alpha component
1: RGB components are premultiplied by the per-pixel alpha component
Note: This is only meaningful for ARGB4444, ARGB8565 and ARGB8888 formats.
[23] BIGNOTLITTLE: 0: Little endian bitmap 1: Big endian bitmap
[23:22] Reserved
[21:20] R/CR_COLOR_KEY_CFG: R/CR color key configuration
x0: R/Cr component ignored (disabled = always match)
01: R/Cr enabled: match if (R/Crmin<= R/Cr <= R/Crmax)
11: R/Cr enabled: match if ((R/Cr < R/Cr min) or (R/Cr > R/Crmax))

[19:18] G/Y_COLOR_KEY_CFG: G/Y color key configuration

x0: G/Y component ignored (disabled = always match)
01: G/Y enabled: match if (G/Ymin<= G/Y <= G/Ymax))
11: G/Y enabled: match if ((G/Y < G/YMIN) or (G/Y > G/YMAX))
[17:16] B/CB_COLOR_KEY_CFG: B/CB color key configuration

x0: B/Cb component ignored (disabled = always match)
01: B/Cb enabled: match if (B/Cbmin<= B/Cb <= B/Cbmax))
11: B/Cb enabled: match if ((B/Cb < B/CbMIN) or (B/Cb > B/CbMAX))
[15] Reserved
[14] COLOR_KEY_EN
0: Color key feature is disabled 1: Color key feature is enabled
[13] ALPHA_VBORDER_EN: Provides soft horizontal edges for the viewport, with flicker reduction effect.
0: Feature disabled
1: Alpha component is divided by 2 on the first line and the last line of the viewport
[12] ALPHA_HBORDER_EN: Provides soft vertical edges for the viewport.
0: Feature disabled
1: Alpha component is divided by 2 on the first and last columns of the viewport
[11] Reserved: Set to 0
[10] H_RESIZE_EN
0: Horizontal resize block is disabled 1: Horizontal resize block is enabled
[9:6] Reserved
Confidential
[5] ALPHA_RANGE: for color format with an 8-bit alpha component (ARGB8888 / ARGB8565), this bit
specifies the alpha range.
0: 0 to 128 range (128 = opaque) 1: 0 to 255 range (255 = opaque)
[4:0] COLOR_FORMAT: color format for the bitmap associated to the current viewport
0 0000: RGB565 (0x0) 0 0001: RGB888 (0x1)
0 0100: ARGB8565 (0x4) 0 0101: ARGB8888 (0x5)
0 0110: ARGB1555 (0x6) 0 0111: ARGB4444 (0x7)
1 0000: YCbCr888 (0x10) 1 0010: YCbCr4:2:2R (0x12)
1 0101: AYCbCr8888 (0x15)

GAM_GDPn_AGC GDP alpha gain constant
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CONSTANT GAIN GLOBAL_ALPHA_1 GLOBAL_ALPHA_0

Reset: 0
Description: This register provides display parameters, such as global translucency factors, black
level adjustment, and dynamic range adjustment.
[31:24] CONSTANT
This 8-bit register is used to adjust the black level of the RGB signal at the output of the GDP block,
between 0 and 25% of the total dynamic range (that is 10 bit, 0 to 1023).
A value of 0 sets the black level to 0%. A value of 255 sets the black level to 25%.
Warning: The gain register must be consistent with the black level programmed value, otherwise some
saturation effects may occur.
[23:16] GAIN
This 8-bit register is used to adjust the dynamic range of the RGB components at the output of the GDP
block, between 0 and 100%. A value of 128 corresponds to a 100% range
[15:8] GLOBAL_ALPHA_1
For any color format except ARGB1555, the Alpha 1 register is unused.
Confidential
For ARGB1555 color format, this is the pixel transparency that is applied to the current pixel if the alpha
bit within the pixel (bit 15) is 1.
The register range is 0 to 128. (0: fully transparent, 128: fully opaque)
[7:0] GLOBAL_ALPHA_0
For any color format except ARGB1555, Alpha 0 is the global transparency associated with the viewport,
that is combined with the per-pixel alpha component, if any.
For ARGB1555 color format, this is the pixel transparency that is applied to the current pixel if the alpha
bit within the pixel (bit 15) is 0.
The register range is 0 to 128. (0: fully transparent, 128: fully opaque)

GAM_GDPn_HSRC GDP horizontal sample rate converter
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
HSRC_INIT_PHASE
HF_FILTER_MODE
Reserved Reserved Reserved HSRC_INC

Reset: 0
Description: This register provides the configuration for the horizontal sample rate converter. The
GDPn plane HSRC should only be programmed for upscaling.
[31:25] Reserved
[24] HF_FILTER_MODE
1: The filter is enabled, otherwise only horizontal resizing.
[23:19] Reserved
[18:16] HSRC_INIT_PHASE: Horizontal sample rate converter state-machine initial phase, 0 to 7.
Confidential
[15:10] Reserved
[9:0] HSRC_INC: Horizontal sample rate converter state-machine increment, in 2.8 format.
GAM_GDPn_VPO GDP viewport offset
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Address: CompositorBaseAddress + GDPnOffset + 0x0C

Reset: 0
Description: This register provides the x, y location of the viewport top-left pixel, with respect to the
current video timebase.
[31:27] Reserved
[26:16] YDO: Y location for the first line of the viewport (top), with respect to frame numbering.
[15:12] Reserved
[11:0] XDO: X location for the first pixel of the viewport (left).

GAM_GDPn_VPS GDP viewport stop
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Reset: 0
Description: This register provides the x, y location of the viewport bottom-right pixel, with respect to
the current video timebase.
[31:27] Reserved
[26:16] YDS: Y location for the last line of the viewport (bottom), with respect to frame numbering
[15:12] Reserved
[11:0] XDS: X location for the last pixel of the viewport (right)
GAM_GDPn_PML GDP pixmap memory location
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
64MB_bank PIXMAP_ADDR
Confidential

Reset: 0
Description: This register contains the memory location for the first pixel to be displayed (top-left
corner).
[25:0] PIXMAP_ADDR: First pixel byte address, in the selected 64 Mbyte bank
Note: the whole bitmap to be displayed must be totally included into the same bank.
GAM_GDPn_PMP GDP pixmap memory pitch
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved PITCH_VAL

Reset: 0
Description: This register contains the memory pitch for the displayed pixmap, as stored in the
memory.
[31:16] Reserved
[15:0] PITCH_VAL: Memory pitch for the displayed pixmap.
Note: the pitch is the distance inside the memory, in bytes, between two vertically adjacent pixels.

GAM_GDPn_SIZE GDP pixmap size
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved HEIGHT Reserved WIDTH

Reset: 0
Description: This register provides the size of the displayed pixmap attached to the viewport.
[31:27] Reserved
[26:16] HEIGHT: Pixmap height, in lines, being defined as the number of lines that must be read from memory
for the current field in an interlaced display
[15:11] Reserved
[10:0] WIDTH: Pixmap width, in pixels
GAM_GDPn_NVN GDP next viewport node
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
64MB_BANK NEXT_NODE_ADDR Reserved

Confidential

Type: R/W/link list update
Reset: 0
Description: This register contains a memory pointer to the next viewport node to be displayed within
the link list.
Note: The CPU can directly write into this register; this is required at least to enable the
display link-list process to start.
[25:4] NEXT_NODE_ADDR: 4 LSBs address bits are “don’t care”, because the node structure must be aligned
on a 128-bit word boundary
Memory location for the next node to be loaded (the node must be fully contained in the specified bank.
[3:0] Reserved

GAM_GDPn_KEY1 Color keying - lower limit
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved R/CR_MIN G/Y_MIN B/CB_MIN

Reset: 0
Description: This register is a 24-bit register containing the values for the lower limit of the color
range to be detected when using the color key feature.
[31:24] Reserved
[23:16] B/CB_MIN: Minimum value for the blue component in ARGBargb color formats; minimum value for the
Cb component in YCbCr color formats
[15:8] G/Y_MIN: Minimum value for the green component in ARGBargb color formats; minimum value for the
luminance component in YCbCr color formats
[7:0] R/CR_MIN: Minimum value for the red component in ARGBargb color formats; minimum value for the Cr
component in YCbCr color formats
GAM_GDPn_KEY2 Color keying - upper limit

Confidential
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved R/CR_MAX G/Y_MAX B/CB_MAX

Reset: 0
Description: This register is a 24-bit register containing the values for the upper limit of the color
range to be detected when using the color key feature.
[31:24] Reserved
[23:16] B/CB_MAX: Maximum value for the blue component in ARGBargb color formats; maximum value for the
Cb component in YCbCr color formats
[15:8] G/Y_MAX: Maximum value for the green component in ARGBargb color formats; maximum value for the
luminance component in YCbCr color formats
[7:0] R/CR_MAX: Maximum value for the red component in ARGBargb color formats; maximum value for the
Cr component in YCbCr color formats

GAM_GDPn_HFP GDP horizontal filter pointer
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
64MB_BANK H_FILTER_PTR Reserved

Reset: 0
Description: This register contains a memory pointer to the set of filter coefficients that must be used
for the horizontal sample rate converter.
A new set of coefficients may be used for each individual viewport. The coefficients are
loaded only if GAM_GDPn_CTRL[30] = 1 (HFILTER_UPDATE_EN).
[25:4] H_FILTER_PTR: 4 LSBs address bits are “don’t care”, because the filter coefficients structure must be
aligned on a 128-bit word boundary.
Memory location when to retrieve the filter coefficients (ten 32-bit words that must be fully contained in
the specified bank)
[3:0] Reserved
GAM_GDPn_PPT GDP properties

Confidential
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
IGNOREON_MIX2
IGNOREON_MIX1
FORCEON_MIX2
FORCEON_MIX1
Reserved

Reset: 0
Description: This register provides special information to the mixer(s), concerning the viewport
currently displayed.
[31:4] Reserved
[3] FORCEON_MIX2: When set, this bit indicates to MIX2 that the current viewport must always be
displayed, even out of the MIX2 active video area (defined with MIX2_AVO / MIX2_AVS registers).
Note: The GDP pipeline must be enabled in the MIX2_CTRL register.
[2] FORCEON_MIX1: When set, this bit indicates to MIX1 that the current viewport must always be
displayed, even out of the MIX1 active video area (defined with MIX1_AVO / MIX1_AVS registers).
Note that the GDP pipeline must be enabled in the MIX1_CTRL register.
[1] IGNOREON_MIX2: When set, this bit indicates to MIX2 that the current viewport must not be displayed,
although the GDP pipeline is enabled in the MIX2_CTRL register
[0] IGNOREON_MIX1: When set, this bit indicates to MIX1 that the current viewport must not be displayed,
although the GDP pipeline is enabled in the MIX1_CTRL register

GAM_GDPn_HFCn GDP HF coefficients registers
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Address: CompositorBaseAddress + GDPnOffset + register offset

HFC0: 0x40, HFC1: 0x44, HFC2: 0x48, HFC3: 0x4C, HFC4: 0x50, HFC5: 0x54,
HFC6: 0x58, HFC7: 0x5C, HFC8: 0x60, HFC9: 0x64
Reset: 0
GAM_GDPn_PKZ GDP maximum packet size
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
BIGNOTLITTLE
PKT_SIZE
Reserved
Reserved
Address: CompositorBaseAddress + GDPnOffset + 0xFC

Confidential
Type: R/W
Buffer: Immediate
Reset: 0x10
Description: This register is a 3-bit register for controlling the maximum size of a data packet during
an STBus transaction. These bits must be set to 0 in the STx7100 device.
[31:6] Reserved
[5] BIGNOTLITTLE: CPU endianness.
0: little endian CPU 1: big endian CPU
[4:3] Reserved
Must be set to 0.
000: message size 001: 16 STBus words
100: 2 STBus words 101: 1 STBus word
This is a static register (not part of the link-list).

GAM_MIX1_CTRL MIX control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
GDP2_DISP_EN
GDP1_DISP_EN
VID1_DISP_EN
CUR_DISP_EN
BKC_DISP_EN
AP_DISP_EN
Reserved
Reserved Reserved Reserved
Address: CompositorBaseAddress + MIX1Offset + 0x00

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register contains the values for controlling the MIX1 core.
[31:16] Reserved
[15] AP_DISP_EN: Alpha plane is enabled for attachment with a given layer that is enabled on the mixer
output
[14:10] Reserved
[9] CUR_DISP_EN: CUR display is enabled on the mixer output
[8:5] Reserved
[4] GDP2_DISP_EN: GDP 2 display is enabled on the mixer output
Confidential
[3] GDP1_DISP_EN: GDP 1 display is enabled on the mixer output

[2] Reserved
[1] VID1_DISP_EN: Video 1 display is enabled on the mixer output
[0] BKC_DISP_EN: Background color display is enabled on the mixer output
GAM_MIX1_BKC Background color
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved RED_COMP GREEN_COMP BLUE_COMP

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register contains the background solid color components used by the MIX1 core.
[31:24] Reserved
[23:16] RED_COMP: Red component
[15:8] GREEN_COMP: Green component
[7:0] BLUE_COMP: Blue component

GAM_MIX1_BCO Background color offset
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Address: CompositorBaseAddress + MIX1Offset + 0x0C

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register contains the X and Y coordinate values for defining the top-left corner of
the background color rectangular area. Outside this window, the blanking color is
displayed (black).
[31:27] Reserved
[26:16] YDO: Vertical start location of the MIX background color window, wrt line frame-numbering
[15:12] Reserved
[11:0] XDO: Horizontal start location of the MIX background color window, wrt VTG horizontal counter
GAM_MIX1_BCS Background color stop
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Confidential

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register contains the X and Y coordinate values for defining the bottom-right corner
of the background color rectangular area. Outside this window, the blanking color is
displayed (black).
[31:27] Reserved
[26:16] YDS: Vertical stop location of the MIX background color window, wrt line frame-numbering
[11:0] XDS: Horizontal stop location of the MIX background color window, wrt VTG horizontal counter

GAM_MIX1_AVO Active video offset
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
the active video rectangular area on the MIX1 output. Typically, it should be
programmed according to the video standard currently in use.
[31:27] Reserved
[26:16] YDO: Vertical start location of the MIX active video window, wrt line frame-numbering
[15:12] Reserved
[11:0] XDO: Horizontal start location of the MIX active video window, wrt VTG horizontal counter
GAM_MIX1_AVS Active video stop
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Confidential

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
of the active video rectangular area on the MIX output. Typically, it should be
[31:27] Reserved
[26:16] YDS: Vertical stop location of the MIX active video window, wrt line frame-numbering
[15:12] Reserved
[11:0] XDS: Horizontal stop location of the MIX active video window, wrt VTG horizontal counter

GAM_MIX1_CRB MIX 1 cross-bar control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved DEPTH3 DEPTH2 DEPTH1

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register contains the values for controlling the mixer 7<>7 cross-bar.
[31:21] Reserved
[20:0] DEPTHn[2:0]: input identifier for depth n (depth 0: background color, depth 8: cursor, depth n1 in front of
depth n2 if n1 > n2)
000: Nothing displayed at depth n 001: VID1 displayed at depth n
010: Reserved 011: GDP1 displayed at depth n
100 to 111: Reserved
GAM_MIX1_ACT MIX active content flags control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
GDP2_ONGFXACTIVE
GDP1_ONGFXACTIVE
GDP2_ONVIDACTIVE
GDP1_ONVIDACTIVE
VID1_ONGFXACTIVE
CUR_ONGFXACTIVE
BKC_ONGFXACTIVE
VID1_ONVIDACTIVE
CUR_ONVIDACTIVE
BKC_ONVIDACTIVE
Confidential
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Defines the layers that contribute to the construction of GFXActive1 and VideoActive1
flags. A layer is considered as active for a given pixel if its associated alpha component
is not zero.
XXX_ONVIDACTIVE
1: The XXX layer is taken into account for the VideoActive flag.
XXX_ONGFXACTIVE
1: The XXX layer is taken into account for the GFXActive flag.

GAM_MIX2_CTRL MIX control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
GDP2_DISP_EN
VID2_DISP_EN
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register contains the values for controlling the MIX 2 core.
[31:5] Reserved
[4] GDP2_DISP_EN: GDP2 display enable
1: Enable GDP 2 display on the mixer output
[3] Reserved
[2] VID2_DISP_EN: VID2 display enable
1: Enable video 2 display on the mixer output
[1:0] Reserved
Confidential
GAM_MIX2_AVO Active video offset
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
the active video rectangular area on the MIX2 output. Typically, it should be
[31:27] Reserved
[26:16] YDO: Vertical start location of the MIX active video window, wrt line frame-numbering
[15:12] Reserved
[11:0] XDO: Horizontal start location of the MIX active video window, wrt VTG horizontal counter

GAM_MIX2_AVS Active video stop
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
of the active video rectangular area on the MIX output. Typically, it should be
[31:27] Reserved
[26:16] YDS: Vertical stop location of the MIX active video window, wrt line frame-numbering
[15:12] Reserved
[11:0] XDS: Horizontal stop location of the MIX active video window, wrt VTG horizontal counter
GAM_MIX2_ACT MIX active content flags control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Confidential
GDP2_ONGFX_ACTIVE
GDP2_ONVID_ACTIVE
VID2_ONGFX_ACTIVE
VID2_ONVID_ACTIVE
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Defines the layers that contribute to the construction of GFXActive2 and VideoActive2
flags. A layer is considered as active for a given pixel if its associated alpha component
is not zero.
XXX_ONVID_ACTIVE: If set to 1, the XXX layer is taken into account for the VideoActive flag
XXX_ONGFX_ACTIVE: If set to 1, the XXX layer is taken into account for the GFXActive flag

GAM_VIDn_CTRL VID control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
IGNORE_MX2
IGNORE_MX1
709NOT601
CKEY_CFG
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
CFORM
CKEY
AB_H
AB_V
Address: CompositorBaseAddress + VIDnOffset + 0x00
Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register contains the values for controlling VID core. Color key and alpha border
features are not available for a video layer displayed via MIX2.
[31] IGNORE_MX2: When set, this bit indicates to MIX2 that the video data must be ignored when blending,
even if enabled in MIX2_CTRL. (But the mixer request is generated)
[30] IGNORE_MX1: When set, this bit indicates to MIX1 that the video data must be ignored when blending,
even if enabled in MIX1_CTRL. (But the mixer request is generated)
[29:27] Reserved
[26] CFORM: Chroma format (0=offset 128,1=signed)
[25] 709NOT601: Colorimetry selection (0=601, 1=709)
Confidential
[24:22] Reserved
[21:16] CKEY_CFG: Configuration of color key
[21:20] VID_CTRL[5:4]: Cr component
x0: Cr component ignored (disabled = always match)
01: Cr enabled: match if (Crmin <= Cr <= Crmax)
11: Cr enabled: match if ((Cr < Crmin) or (Cr > Crmax))
[19:18] VID_CTRL[3:2]: Y component

x0: Y component ignored (disabled = always match)
01: Y enabled: match if (Ymin <= Y <= Ymax)
11: Y enabled: match if ((Y < Ymin) or (Y > Ymax))
[17:16] VID_CTRL[1:0]: Cb component

x0: Cb component ignored (disabled = always match)
01: Cb enabled: match if (Cbmin <= Cb <= Cbmax)
11: Cb enabled: match if ((Cb < Cbmin) or (Cb > Cbmax))
[15] Reserved
[14] CKEY: When this bit is set, the color key feature is enabled.
[13] AB_V: Enable AlphaVBorder: When this bit is set, the alpha component on the first and last lines of the
viewport is divided by 2 (edge smoothing)
[12] AB_H: Enable AlphaHBorder: When this bit is set, the alpha component on the first and last columns of
the viewport is divided by 2 (edge smoothing)
[11:0] Reserved

GAM_VIDn_ALP Global alpha
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved GLOBAL_ALPHA_VAL

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register contains the value for the VID global alpha.
[31:8] Reserved
[7:0] GLOBAL_ALPHA_VAL: Global blending coefficient for the video layer
The register range is 0 to 128. (0: fully transparent, 1:fully opaque)
GAM_VIDn_VPO Viewport offset
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Address: CompositorBaseAddress + VIDnOffset + 0x0C

Type: R/W
Confidential

Reset: 0
the video viewport.
[31:27] Reserved
[26:16] YDO: Vertical start location of the VID viewport, wrt line frame-numbering
[15:12] Reserved
[11:0] XDO: Horizontal start location of the VID viewport, wrt VTG horizontal counter
GAM_VIDn_VPS Viewport stop
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
of the video viewport.
[31:27] Reserved
[26:16] YDS: Vertical stop location of the VID viewport, wrt line frame-numbering
[15:12] Reserved
[11:0] XDS: Horizontal stop location of the VID viewport, wrt VTG horizontal counter

GAM_VIDn_KEY1 Lower limit of the color keying range
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved CR_MIN Y_MIN CB_MIN

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register contains the values for the lower limit of the VID color keying range.
[31:24] Reserved
[23:16] CR_MIN: Minimum value of Cr component
[15:8] Y_MIN: Minimum value of Y component
[7:0] CB_MIN: Minimum value of Cb component
GAM_VIDn_KEY2 Upper limit of the color keying range
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved CR_MAX[7:0] Y_MAX[7:0] CB_MAX[7:0]

Confidential
Address: CompositorBaseAddress + VIDnOffset + 0x2C

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register contains the values for the upper limit of the VID color range.
[31:24] Reserved
[23:16] CR_MAX: Maximum value of Cr component
[15:8] Y_MAX: Maximum value of Y component
[7:0] CB_MAX: Maximum value of Cb component

STx7100 53 Video output stage (VOS)
53 Video output stage (VOS)
The VOS receives video data from the main (mixer 1) and auxiliary (mixer 2) compositor outputs.
This data is formatted and delivered to the DENC, HD and SD video DACs, HDMI formatter and
digital video output (DVO).
53.1 Display and video output subsystem overview

Figure 181 shows the different units of the VOS.
Figure 181: Video output stage block diagram
VOS
VTG1
Compositor HD Digital
YCbCr Digital out
HD YCbCr video output
video1
Colorimetry: Formatter
MIX1
RGB Y/C (SD)

Display RGB to YCbCr
SD-ED
Y/Cb/Cr
ITU601/709 Formatter
YCbCr SMPTE 240M 4:4:4 to
to RGB 4:2:2
Analog
Upsampler
Horiz SRC
main output
Confidential
770.x HD Main_R_Pr
Graphics syncs formatter 3xDAC Main_G_Y
STBus overlay RGB Main_B_Pb
HDMI HDMI
HDMI output
formatter PHY
Composition
YCbCr
Analog
auxiliary
YCbCr
video2
output
ID
Display AUX_Y_R
MIX2
SD
DENC AUX_C_G
YCbCr 3xDAC
AUX_CVBS_B
VTG2
53.1.1 Standard application: HD on main output and SD on auxiliary output

In this configuration, the two main data paths of the VOS (main and auxiliary) are used
independently to display an HD video on the main output and an SD video on the auxiliary
output. These two data paths are shown in light blue in the above Figure 181. In this chapter, HD
means any format other than 480i (SD interlaced).
Main data path (HD)

The main data path is paced by VTG1 and uses the compositor mixer 1. The HD display pipe
reads video frame buffers from memory which are delivered to the compositor mixer 1. The
compositor mixer overlays and blends the video with graphics, manages the windowing, and
generates RGB components. The RGB signals are either used, or passed through an RGB-to-
YCbCr matrix supporting ITU-R BT601, ITU-R BT709, or SMPTE 240M colorimetry. Data then
goes to HDMI and/or analog output. The HDMI comprises a digital formatting and HDCP

53 Video output stage (VOS) STx7100
encryption unit followed by a physical interface (HDMI PHY). In front of the analog output, a
programable formatter is provided allowing different output modes. The DACs are preceded by a
sample-rate-converter (SRC) which upsamples the video signal to adapt the pixel rate to the
video DAC sampling rate. This SRC has programmable coefficients. The video signal is
interpolated using programmable set of coefficients designed to keep the maximum signal
bandwidth. With a dedicated set of coefficients, a “constrained output” can be generated
whereby the video bandwidth is cut down. For example, the analog video resolution can be
degraded by 1/4, such that the full-resolution video is only available on the encrypted HDMI
output.
Main Analog output

This output delivers HD format up to 3H. The analog video can be full-scale RGB, full-scale
YPbPr, EIA-770.2 compatible YPbPr with embedded bi-level syncs or EIA 770.3 compatible
YPbPr with embedded tri-level syncs. The video signal is reduced by 70% to conform to the EIA
770.x standards.
The following display standards are available:
SMPTE 274M (1920 x 1080i, 1125 total lines per frame), SMPTE 293M (720 x 483p, 525 total
lines), SMPTE 295M (1920 x 1080i, 1250 total lines), SMPTE 296M (1280 x 720p, 750 total
lines), ARIB-BS4 (525p, 750p, 1125i total lines).
Macrovision encoding is supported on this output when configured for 525p output.
Full scale YPbPr or RGB component without embedded sync information can also be generated.
Confidential
Auxiliary analog output

This output delivers an SD interlaced decoded video, possibly with graphics overlay and ancillary
data. For details, refer to Chapter 51: Compositor on page 529 and Chapter 55: Digital encoder
(DENC) on page 639.
HDMI output
This output supports 480p, 720p and 1080i formats as per HDMI specification.
Digital Video (DVO) output

This digital video output is provided mainly for debug and diagnosis. The following modes are
available:
● HD (1080i or 720p): YCbCr 16-bit 4:2:2 with embedded sync (Digital SMPTE 274M,
SMPTE 295M),
● SD progressive (480p): 4:2:2 with embedded sync (SMPTE 293M).
Auxiliary datapath (SD)

The auxiliary data path is paced by VTG2 and uses the compositor mixer 2. The ID display pipe
reads video frame buffers from the memory which are delivered to the compositor mixer 2. The
mixer overlays and blends the video with graphics, manages windowing, and generates YCbCr
output components with CCIR 601 colorimetry. Those video components are then connected to
the DENC, which generates Y, C and CVBS signals which are converted in analog with a triple
SD DACs (auxiliary analog output).
The auxiliary analog video output signal is available either in composite (CVBS) or S-VHS (Y/C)
format. The DENC supports the insertion of various VBI data on programmed lines, including
close-caption and teletext.

53.1.2 Alternate application: SD on main and auxiliary outputs

An SD interlaced video can be delivered simultaneously to the HD video and SD video DACs.
The data path used in this configuration is shown in yellow in Figure 181.
The data path is paced by VTG1 and uses the compositor mixer 1. The HD display pipe reads
video frame buffers from the memory and feeds the compositor mixer 1 which overlays and
blends the video with graphics, manages windowing, and generates RGB components, all in SD
format. In this mode, VTG2, ID Display pipe and compositor mixer 2 are not used. The RGB
components are then passed through an RGB to YCbCr conversion matrix (601 colorimetry) and
are connected to the DENC inputs. The DENC provides 2 sets of outputs to drive both the main
and auxiliary analog video DACs. Between the DENC and the HD video DACs is the upsampler
(SRC), which must be configured with the correct set of coefficients to perform a x4 interpolation.
Main analog output

This output delivers an analog video in SD format, YPbPr with embedded syncs.
Auxiliary analog output
This output delivers an analog SD video in composite CVBS or S-VHS components.
HDMI output
This output delivers an interlaced SD video (480i) with pixel repetition to comply with HDMI
specifications.
Digital video output
Confidential
This output delivers a digital SD video (480i), YCbCr 8-bit 4:2:2 with or without embedded syncs
(ITU-R BT 656 or 601).
53.2 HD DACs clocking

The HD DACs clock frequency is programmable and is set to a value high-enough relative to the
video spectrum to ease the design of the external analog reconstruction filter (anti-aliasing). The
frequency is set to a multiple of the display clock frequency (x2 or x4), and a programmable
interpolation filter is provided to upsample the DAC input.
The main master pixel clock (generated by the clock generator B) is set to one of the following
values:
● 148.5 MHz: used in applications where the main output is 1080i or 720p at 30 or 60 Hz.
● 148.5/1.001: used in applications where the main output is 1080i or 720p at 29.97 Hz or
59.94 Hz.
● 108 MHz: used in application where the main output is 480p at 59.94 Hz. The display clock in
that case is 27 MHz and an x2 upsampling must be used.
● 108 MHz: used in applications where both outputs are 480i at 29.97 Hz. The display clock in
that case is 13.5 MHz and an x4 upsampling must be used.
● 108 x 1.001 (108.108 MHz): used in applications where the main output is 480p at 60 Hz.
The auxiliary master pixel clock (generated by the clock generator B) is always 27 MHz.
Note: 1080i and 720p are 30/60 Hz display standards; 480i and 480p are 29.97/59.94 Hz display
standards. For some applications where it is preferable to keep the input rate for the display, the
clock is altered by a factor of 1.001 to adapt the output rate by keeping the scanning. This is
possible in 1080i, 720p and 480p formats but not in 480i format where the CVBS or C outputs,
(chroma modulation) are very sensitive to clock rate and can not accept such a divergence.

The VOS implements a number of clock domains to make possible different configurations:
● CLK_PIX_HD: main master pixel clock, clocking HD DACs and TMDS block (HDMI PHY),
● CLK_DISP_HD: pixel clock of main datapath (VTG1, mixer 1, HD display, formatters),
● CLK_DISP_ID: pixel clock of auxiliary path (VTG2, mixer 2, ID display),
● CLK_COMP: GDP2 pixel clock, depends on GDP2 allocation,
● CLK_PIX_SD: 2X SD pixel clock (27 MHz) for DENC and SD DACs,
● CLK_656: 2X pixel clock for CCIR 656/SMPTE 293M formatter,
● CLK_HDMI: clock for the HDMI digital formatter.
For more details see Chapter 17: Clocks on page 147.
Figure 182: VOS clock domains
CLK_DISP_HD
VTG1
Compositor
YCbCr HDt Digital
HD YCbCr
video1
formatter video out

MIX1
RGB Colorimetry:
Display RGB to YCbCr Y/C (SD)
SD YC/CB/CR
ITU601/709 4: 4: 4 to formatter
YCbCr SMPTE 240M 4:2:2 CLK_656
to RGB
CLK_PIXEL_HD
Horiz SRC
Upsample
770.x HD Analog
STBus
syncs formatter 3 DAC main out

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RGB
CLK_COMP
HDMI HDMI
GDP2 HDMI out
Formatter PHY
CLK_HDMI
YCbCr
CLK_PIX_SD
YCbCr
video2
ID
Display
MIX2
SD AUX out
DENC
YCbCr 3 DAC
VTG2
CLK_DISP_ID CLK_DISP_ID
CLK_DISP_HD CLK_PIX_SD
CLK_PIXEL_HD CLK_COMP
CLK_656 CLK_HDMI

53.2.1 Applications
Table 174 summarizes some clock frequency values with respect to the display configurations.
Related clocks (obtained by division of the same master clock) are shown with the same
background color: magenta for main and blue for auxiliary.
Table 174: Clock domains by applications
Clock frequencies, MHz
CLK_PIXEL_HD
CLK_DISP_HD
CLK_PIXEL_SD
CLK_DISP_SD
CLK_656
CLK_COMP
Application
Main: 1080i@30 Hz GDP2 on main 148.5 74.25 27 13.5 - 74.25

or 720p@60 Hz
GDP2 on aux 148.5 74.25 27 13.5 - 13.5
Main: GDP2 on main 108 27 27 13.5 54 27

[email protected] Hz
GDP2 on aux 108 27 27 13.5 54 13.5
Main: GDP2 on main ~148.35 ~74.176 27 13.5 - ~74.176

[email protected] Hz
GDP2 on aux ~148.35 ~74.176 27 13.5 - 13.5
or [email protected] Hz
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Main: 480p@60 Hz GDP2 on main 108.108 27.027 27 13.5 54.054 27.027
GDP2 on aux 108.108 27.027 27 13.5 54.054 13.5
Main: [email protected] Hz GDP2 on main 108 13.5 27 - 27 13.5
These clocks are generated by the clock generator B. For details, see Chapter 17: Clocks
on page 147.
53.3 Video timing generators (VTG)

The STx7100 provides two video timing generators: VTG1 and VTG2.
The two VTGs provide horizontal and vertical video synchronization reference signals to the
main and auxiliary data paths: in standard applications, VTG1 paces the main path and VTG2
paces the auxiliary path.
Each VTG provides a vertical temporal reference (VREF) and an horizontal temporal reference
(HREF), that are used to generate VSYNC and HSYNC signals throughout the chip. In addition,
the VTGs generate the VIDDIGOUTHSYNC and VIDDIGOUTVSYNC output signals. The shape
and polarity of these signals are programmable through HDO/HDS and VDO/VDS registers

53.3.1 Horizontal synchronization generation

Figure 183: Horizontal synchronization generation
Number of pixels per line: CLKLN

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (CLKLN-1) 0
PIXCLK
HREF
HDO
HSYNC
HDS
Pixel active
XDO
Active video Active video
XDS
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All the pixel numbers in a line are referenced to the rising edge of HREF.
● CLKLN (VTGn_CLKLN register) specifies the line length in PIXCLK cycles.
● HDO (register VTGn_HDO) defines the number of PIXCLK cycles between the rising edge
of the internal HREF and the rising edge of HSYNC.
● HDS (register VTGn_HDS) defines the number of PIXCLK cycles between the rising edge
of the internal HREF and the falling edge of HSYNC.
● Registers XDO and XDS, defining the active video line (horizontal dimension of the active
video window) are located in the mixers of the compositor.
Note: If the HDS value is less than the HDO value, the result is the generation of an active low HSYNC
pulse.

53.3.2 Vertical synchronization generation (interlaced output)

Figure 184A: Vertical synchronization generation: (interlaced output)
(HLFLN-1)
HALF_LINE 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
HREF 1 2 3 4 5 6 0
VREF
BNOTT Top field
VDO
VSYNCOUT
VDS
YDO
ACTIVE_VID Active video
YDS
0 1 32
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PIXCLK
HREF
VREF
BNOTT
HALF_LINE
Reference edge
The number of half lines per field HLFLN (or number of lines per picture) is specified in the
VTGn_HLFLN register. The half-line counter is incremented with a half-line resolution. It is reset
when the counter matches the value programmed into the VTGn_HLFLN register, generating
VREF.
If the value programmed into the VTGn_HLFLN register is even, a progressive scan display
output is generated. If the value in HLFLN is odd, an interlaced output is generated. In both
modes, a BNOTT (bottom not top) signal is also generated (in progressive output BNOTT is
always 0). For an interlaced picture with an even number of lines (SMPTE 295M standard) a bit
is programmed in a register to force the VTG to be in interlaced mode. In this case the picture
has HLFLN - 1 half lines in one field and HLFLN + 1 in the other field.
The line counter starts with 1 for VREF top and 0 for VREF bottom. It is then incremented by 1
every HREF.
The registers YDO and YDS defining the vertical active window are located in the mixers of the
compositor. YDO defines the first active line and YDS defines the last active line (in line units).
The number of lines per field is (YDS - YDO + 1).

The VDO register (VTGn_VDO) determines the starting position of the vertical drive output pulse
relative to VREF (half-line increment).
The VDS register (VTGn_VDS) determines the ending position of the vertical drive output pulse
relative to VREF (half-line increment).
Figure 185: VTG Output (interlaced picture: bottom field)
(HLFLN-1)
HALF_LINE 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
HREF 0 1 2 3 4
VREF
BNOTT Bottom field
VDO
VSYNC
VDS
YDO
ACTIVE_VID
Active video
YDS
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Vsync positioning relative to HREF (available from cut 2.0 only)

The VHD field of the register VDS holds a 12-bit value that define the VSync position (in pixel
clock cycles) relative to the HREF signal. With a 0 value, VSYNC rises one clock cycle after
VREF. To get a VSYNC coincident to HSYNC, VHD must be set to HDO (or HDS) if HDO is in the
first half of the line, or VHD must be set to HDO (or HDS) - CLKN/2 if HDO is in the second half
of the line.
In the example of Figure 185 above, YDO = 3, YDS = 4, VDO =2 and VDS = 6.
Number of active video lines = (YDS - YDO +1) = 2
Length of the VSYNCOUT pulse = (VDS - VDO) = 4 half lines.
Note: If HDO = 0, then HSYNCOUT and VSYNCOUT active edge are both generated on the same
clock cycle on the line corresponding to VDO.
53.3.3 Interrupts
VST (Vsync top) and VSB (Vsync bottom) can be generated by the VTG. These interrupts are
available though the ITS (interrupt status) register if the corresponding ITM (interrupt mask) bit is
set. In progressive scan, the VTG still generates VST and VSB even though they are not
necessary.
A timer is provided to generate an delayed interrupt PDVS (programmable delay on vsync) n
cycles after the rising edge of vsync. The number of cycles is a 24-bit value defined in the
register VTGn_VTMR (vsync delayed interrupt timer).

53.3.4 VTG modes

The following synchronization modes are supported by the STx7100 VTGs:
● VTG1 (Main - HD or SD output): VREF1 and HREF1 are always free running and generated
from internal counters.
● VTG2 (Auxiliary - SD output): the following configurations are possible:
• VREF2 and HREF2 are free running based on internal counters

• VREF2 and HREF2 slaved to VREF1 and HREF1 from VTG1. This is to slave the
auxiliary video to the main video
• VREF2 slaved to VREF1 from VTG1, HREF2 based on internal counter. This mode
enables to slave VTG2 on a frame basis to a source with a different scanning format.
Figure 186 and Figure 187 show HREF and VREF generation for VTGs 1 and 2 respectively.
Figure 186: VTG1 HREF and VREF generation
VTG1
VREF1
V Counter 1 Line count 1
HREF1
H Counter 1
Pixel count 1
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Figure 187: VTG2 HREF and VREF generation
VTG2
VREF2
VSYNC1 (from VTG1) V Counter 2 Line count 2
HREF2
HSYNC1 (from VTG1) H Counter 2
Pixel count 2
53.3.5 Syncs generation for DVO, analog, HDMI and waveform generator
The STx7100 VTGs are able to generate several pairs of Hsync and Vsync signals with different
parameters to be used by different units.
These Hsync and Vsync signals are:
● DVO Hsync and Vsync defined by VTGn_VDO, VTGn_VDS, VTGn_HDO and VTGn_HDS
registers.
● Analog Hsync and Vsync that can be used with RGB analog outputs and defined by
VTG1_DACVDO, VTG1_DACVDS, VTG1_DACHDO and VTG1_DACHDS registers.
● Waveform generator Hsync and Vsync defined by VTG1_AWGVDO and VTG1_AWGHDO
registers.
● HDMI Hsync and Vsync which can be delayed relative to Hsync and Vsync. The delay is
specified in the register VTG1_HDO.
Any of these signals can be routed to the output pins VIDDIGOUTHSYNC, VIDDIGOUTVSYNC,
or PIO3(2:0). The selection is done by configuring the register VTG1_HDRIVE.

Figure 188: Hsync and Vsync generation
Waveform
generator
HREF, VREF to internal control logic
AWG_HSYNC, AWG_VSYNC
(AWGHDO, AWGVDO)
VIDDIGOUTHSYNC
HSYNC, VSYNC VIDDIGOUTVSYNC
VTG1 (HDO, HDS, VDO, VDS)
DAC_HSYNC, DAC_VSYNC
(DACHDO, DACHDS, DACVDO, DACVDS) Selector
HDMI_HSYNC, HDMI_VSYNC
(HDO)
PIO3[2:0]
HDMI
formatter
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HSYNC, VSYNC
VTG2
(HDO, HDS, VDO, VDS)
to internal control logic

HREF, VREF VTG1_HDRIVE [18-16, 2-0]
53.3.6 Synchronization with external video

When receiving an external digital video via the DVP (D1/ITU-R656 4:2:2), the incoming data is
sampled with the incoming video clock supplied externally and not controlled by the IC. To
synchronize the DVP input to the VTG, the frame buffers fullness must be monitored and frame
skip or repeat operation must be performed.
53.4 RGB to YCrCb color space conversion

RGB values received by the video output stage are gamma-corrected values (sometimes called
R’G’B’). It is assumed that all the video signals connected to the chip are already gamma-
corrected. Therefore, the following equations do not perform any gamma correction. If a gamma
correction is needed (for non-precorrected graphics downloaded from the web for example), the
gamma correction must be done with the 2D graphic processor (see Chapter 47: 2D graphics
processor (blitter) on page 424).
Three equations are implemented:
● RGB to ITU-R BT 601 YCbCr,
● RGB to ITU-R BT 709 YCbCr,
● RGB to SMPTE 240M YCbCr.
The selection of the conversion matrix is possible with through configuration bits.

53.5 Digital video output formatter

The digital output formatter inserts proper synchronization words (EAV/SAV) into the video data
flow according to selected standards and can produce:
● YCbCr, 4:2:2 on 16 bits with embedded sync: digital SMPTE 274M, SMPTE 295M,
SMPTE 293M,
● YCbCr, 4:2:2 on 8 bits (8 MSBs of the DVO output) with or without embedded EAV/SAV
sync: ITU-R 656.
53.6 Analog video output

The analog video output can be either:
● full-scale RGB output
● full-scale YPbPr output
● EIA-770.2 compatible YPbPr with embedded bi-level sync
● EIA 770.3 compatible YPbPr with embedded tri-level sync.
The pure video signal is reduced by 70% to conform to the EIA 770.x standards.
The YPbPr analog output handles the following raster-scanning systems:
Table 175: YPbPr analog output raster-scanning systems

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maximum PIXCLK
Active picture Frame
frequency, MHz
1920 x 1080i 2200 x 1125i 74.25
1280 x 720p 1650 x 750p
1920 x 1080i 2200 x 1250i
720 x 483p 858 x 525p 27
The VOS configuration registers can be programmed to generate video complying with the
following display standards: SMPTE 274M (1125i), SMPTE 293M (525p), SMPTE 295M (1250i),
SMPTE 296M (750p) and ARIB-BS4 (525p, 750p, 1125i).
53.6.1 Analog syncs generation (bi-level and tri-level)

To generate analog waveforms compliant with standards, a 770.3 and 770.2 formatter rescales
the video data and inserts synchronization pulses before digital to analog conversion.
The analog syncs waveform (bi-level and tri-level) can be defined either using a flexible syncs
generator or using pre-defined waveforms. This option is defined by the bit 3 of the register
DSPCFG_ANA. The synchronization pulses waveforms are defined with the configuration
registers AWG_CTRL_0 and AWG_RAM[0 .. 45].
In 480p, the formatter is able to apply Macrovision protection to the video flow if required.
The programmable configuration parameters allow flexibility for slight deviations from these
standards.

53.6.2 YPbPr waveforms - HD formats

53.6.2.1 Horizontal timing
Analog waveform (1080i)

Figure 189 describes the Y’ analog waveform.
Figure 189: Y’ analog waveform
2200 CLKLN
2112(0,-6) Cactive
192(+6,0)
Bactive
700 mV
Aactive Aactive
44T +/- 3T 44T +/- 3T
Active video
300 mV
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- 300 mV
Aactive
4T +/- 1.5T
The Pb’ and Pr’ waveforms are similar, except for the voltage excursion (+/-350 mV).
Several raster scanning systems can be accommodated by programming Aactive, Bactive,
Cactive and CLKLN.

Extra-sync pulse
With interlaced pictures, the vertical sync line may include a mid-line tri-level sync pulse. Certain
vertical sync lines may therefore contain a broad pulse during the first half line and a broad pulse
during the second half line. This is shown in Figure 190.
Figure 190: Vertical timing relating to analog waveform
1100 pixels (half line) CLKLN / 2
1012(+/-3)
132(+/-3) Cbroad
Bbroad
700 mV
Abroad Abroad
44T +/- 3T 44T +/- 3T
highlevel
300 mV
Blanking level
midlevel
zerolevel
midlowlevel
lowlevel
- 300 mV
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Broad pulse level Abroad
4T +/- 1.5T
Values Abroad, Bbroad and Cbroad are programmable to handle several raster scanning
systems.
Aactive and Abroad have the same value which is programmed in register DHDO_ABROAD. The
blanking waveform (waveform without the broad pulse level) only requires the values Abroad and
CLKLN to be programmed.
The synchronization level is also programmable (five registers for luma and five for chroma:
ZEROLEVEL, MIDLEVEL, HIGHLEVEL, MIDLOWLEVEL and LOWLEVEL).

53.6.2.2 Vertical timing

As indicated in the previous section, a field or frame is composed of three line types: lines with a
broad pulse, lines with blanking and lines with active video. The number of lines of each type is
programmable (broad length, blanking length and active length). Figure 191 and Figure 191
show vertical timings for different video standards.
Figure 191: SMPTE 274M AND EIA 770.3 vertical timings
HLFLN / 2 + 1
HLFLN
HLFLN / 2
active length
active length
active length
blanking length
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blanking length
blanking length
broad length
broad length
broad length

Figure 192: SMPTE 295M vertical timings
HLFLN / 2
HLFLN / 2
HLFLN
active length
active length
active length
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blanking length
blanking length
blanking length
SMPTE 295M is a special case because the number of lines is even for both the interlaced and
progressive systems. Moreover, there are only two special lines in interlaced and one in
progressive. All other lines are either blank lines or active lines. Therefore broadlength must be 0.

53.6.3 YPbPr waveform - SD/ED formats

53.6.3.1 Horizontal timing
SMPTE 293M is a bi-level sync pulse standard. For the control of this raster-scan system, no
dedicated register is used. The registers used for EIA 770.3, SMPTE 274M and SMPTE 295M
are used but not exactly in the same way - attention must be paid to their use.
Figure 193 shows the Y’ analog waveform in a SMPTE 293M video standard.
Figure 193: Y’ analog waveform
858 CLKLN
843 Cactive
123
Bactive
700 mV
Aactive
64T +/- 3T
Active video
300 mV
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- 300 mV
2T
The P’b, P’r analog waveforms are similar, except for the voltage excursion (+/- 350 mV).
The registers Aactive, Bactive, Cactive and CLKLN must be setup accordingly.

Figure 193 and Figure 193 show SMPTE 293M vertical timing signals.
Figure 194: Vertical timing relating to analog waveform for broad lines
858 pixels CLKLN

796
Bbroad
700 mV
300 mV
zerolevel
midlowlevel
lowlevel
- 300 mV
2T Broad pulse level

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Figure 195: Vertical timing relating to analog waveform for blanking lines
858 pixels CLKLN
64
Abroad
700 mV
300 mV
Blanking level
zerolevel
midlowlevel
- 300 mV lowlevel
2T
Abroad, Bbroad and Cbroad values are programmable to handle several raster scanning
systems.
Aactive and Abroad have the same value defined in the register DHDO_ABROAD. The blanking
waveform only requires the programming of Abroad and CLKLN. The broad waveform only
requires the programming of the values Bbroad and CLKN. The value Cbroad is not used with
the SMPTE 293M standard.
The synchronization level is also programmable (three registers for luma and three for chroma:
ZEROLEVEL, MIDLOWLEVEL and LOWLEVEL).

53.6.3.2 Vertical timing

The SMPTE 293M standard describes a progressive system.
As indicated in the previous sections, a frame is composed of three line types: lines with a broad
pulse, lines with blanking and lines with active video. The number of lines of each type is
programmable (broad length, blanking length and active length) Figure 196 shows frame
waveforms for a 525p picture.
Figure 196: 525p frame waveform
Progressive system, frame

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#1 #2 #3... #6 #7 #8 #9... #36 #37 #38... #519 #520 #521 ... #525
broad length blanking length active length

53.7 Upsampler
The purpose of the upsampler is to adapt the display pixel rate to the HD DAC clock rate. In a
standard configuration, the pixel rate is defined by the clock used in the main display data path
(CLK_DISP_HD) and requires an upsampling by 2 or 4.
In an alternate application where the main and auxiliary outputs are SD, the upsampler gets its
data from the DENC at 27 MHz and up samples by a factor of 4. It must be noticed that the
DENC itself already performs an upsampling by 2 to the original pixel rate at 13.5 MHz.
The SRC (sample rate conversion) filter used to perform the interpolation is a polyphase tapped
delay line filter with 12 taps and programmable coefficients.
The upsampler provides 2 modes:
● High quality mode: the upsampling maintains the bandwidth of the incoming video stream.
It includes an adequate sinx/x compensation filter to cope with the DAC external anti-
aliasing filter.
● Low pass mode: the upsampling implements a 1/4 low-pass filter. This can be used for
‘constrained output’ mode support whereby, while the HDMI produces a full resolution
encrypted digital video, the analog output only provides an output video with a degraded
resolution.
STMicroelectronics can supply suggested coefficient settings for the above applications.
In addition to these modes, the user can modify coefficients to change the filter’s response if
required. Coefficient programming is done through the configuration registers
Confidential
UPSMPL_CSETx_y.
Figure 197 shows the SRD filter structure.
Figure 197: x2 (HD) or x4 (SD) SRC filter structure
Pixels input
Tap 1 Tap 2 Tap 3 Tap 12
Z-1 Z-1 Z-1 Z-1
HD+SD UPSMPL_1_1
UPSMPL_1_12
UPSMPL_2_1
UPSMPL_3_1 UPSMPL_2_12
SD only UPSMPL_3_12
UPSMPL_4_1
UPSMPL_4_12
Samples to HD DAC

54 Video output stage (VOS) registers STx7100
54 Video output stage (VOS) registers
VOS register addresses are provided as VOSBaseAddress + offset.

The VOSBaseAddress is:
0x1900 5000.
AWG register addresses are provided as AWGBaseAddress + offset.
The AWGBaseAddress is:
0x1900 4800.
Table 176: VOS register summary
Video timing generator 1
VTG1_HDRIVE VTG1 - HSYNC, VSYNC output enable 0x0000 R/W
VTG1_CLKLN VTG1 - Clocks per line 0x0004 R/W
VTG1_HDO VTG1 - HSYNC rising edge 0x0008 R/W
VTG1_HDS VTG1 - HSYNC falling edge 0x000C R/W
VTG1_HLFLN VTG1 - Half line per vertical 0x0010 R/W

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VTG1_VDO VTG1 - VSYNC rising edge 0x0014 R/W
VTG1_VDS VTG1 - VSYNC falling edge 0x0018 R/W
VTG1_AWGHDO VTG1 - AWG HSYNC rising edge 0x0130 R/W
VTG1_AWGVDO VTG1 - AWG VSYNC falling edge 0x0134 R/W
VTG1_DACHDO VTG1 - DAC HSYNC rising edge 0x0138 R/W
VTG1_DACHDS VTG1 - DAC HSYNC falling edge 0x013C R/W
VTG1_DACVDO VTG1 - DAC VSYNC rising edge 0x0140 AC
VTG1_DACVDS VTG1 - DAC VSYNC falling edge 0x0144 R/W
VTG1_MODE VTG1 - Mode of operation 0x001C R/W
VTG1_VTMR VTG1 - Vsync delayed interrupt timer 0x0020 R/W
VTG1_DRST VTG1 - VTG reset 0x0024 WO
VTG1_ITM VTG1 - IT mask 0x0028 R/W
VTG1_ITS VTG1 - IT Status 0x002C RO
VTG1_STA VTG1 - Status 0x0030 RO
Video timing generator 2
VTG2_CLKLN VTG2 - Clocks per line 0x0038 R/W
VTG2_HDO VTG2 - VSYNC output rising edge 0x003C R/W
VTG2_HDS VTG1 - HSYNC output falling edge 0x0040 R/W
VTG2_HLFLN VTG2 - Half line per vertical 0x0044 R/W
VTG2_VDO VTG2 - VSYNC output rising edge 0x0048 R/W
VTG2_VDS VTG2 - VSYNC output falling edge 0x004C R/W

STx7100 54 Video output stage (VOS) registers
VTG2_MODE VTG2 - Mode of operation 0x0050 R/W
VTG2_VTMR VTG2 - Vsync delayed interrupt timer 0x0054 R/W
VTG2_DRST VTG2 - VTG reset 0x0058 WO
VTG2_R1 VTG2 - Range 1 0x005C R/W
VTG2_R2 VTG2 - Range 2 0x0060 R/W
VTG2_ITM VTG2 - IT mask 0x0064 R/W
VTG2_ITS VTG2 - IT Status 0x0068 RO
VTG2_STA VTG2 - Status 0x006C R/W
General VOS configuration
DSPCFG_CLK DSPCFG - Display and global configuration 0x0070 R/W
DSPCFG_DIG DSPCFG - Display digital output config 0x0074 R/W
DSPCFG_ANA DSPCFG - Display analog output config 0x0078 R/W
Main video output configuration
DHDO_ACFG DHDO - Analog output config 0x007C R/W

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DHDO_ABROAD DHDO - Abroad value 0x0080 R/W
DHDO_BBROAD DHDO - Bbroad value 0x0084 R/W
DHDO_CBROAD DHDO - Cbroad value 0x0088 R/W
DHDO_BACTIVE DHDO - Bactive value 0x008C R/W
DHDO_CACTIVE DHDO - Cactive value 0x0090 R/W
DHDO_BROADL DHDO - Broadpulse lines number 0x0094 R/W
DHDO_BLANKL DHDO - Blanking lines number 0x0098 R/W
DHDO_ACTIVEL DHDO - Active lines number 0x009C R/W
DHDO_ZEROL DHDO - Zero level values 0x00A0 R/W
DHDO_MIDL DHDO - Middle level values 0x00A4 R/W
DHDO_HI DHDO - High level values 0x00A8 R/W
DHDO_MIDLO DHDO - Mid low level values 0x00AC R/W
DHDO_LO DHDO - Low level values 0x00B0 R/W
DHDO_COLOR DHDO - Main display output color space selection 0x00B4 R/W
DHDO_YMLT DHDO - Luma multiplication factor 0x00B8 R/W
DHDO_CMLT DHDO - Chroma multiplication factor 0x00BC R/W
DHDO_COFF DHDO - Chroma offset 0x00C0 R/W
DHDO_YOFF DHDO - Luma offset 0x00C4 R/W
Digital SD video out
C656_ACTL C656 - Active lines 0x00C8 R/W
C656_BACT C656 - Beginning of active video 0x00CC R/W

C656_BLANKL C656 - Blanking lines 0x00D0 R/W
C656_EACT C656 - End of active video 0x00D4 R/W
C656_PAL C656- PAL configuration 0x00D8 R/W
HD DAC configuration
DSPCFG_DAC DSPCFG - HD DACs config 0x00DC R/W
Reserved 0x00E0 -
Upsampler tap coefficients
UPSMPL_CSET1_1 Upsampler coefficient set 1.1 0x00E4 R/W
UPSMPL_CSET1_2 Upsampler coefficient set 1.2 0x00E8 R/W
UPSMPL_CSET1_3 Upsampler coefficient set 1.3 0x00EC R/W
UPSMPL_CSET1_4 Upsampler coefficient set 1.4 0x00F0 R/W
UPSMPL_CSET2_3 Upsampler coefficient set 2.3 0x00FC R/W

Confidential
UPSMPL_CSET2_4 Upsampler coefficient set 2.4 0x0100 R/W
UPSMPL_CSET3_3 Upsampler coefficient set 3.3 0x010C R/W
UPSMPL_CSET4_3 Upsampler coefficient set 4.3 0x011C R/W
HDMI DLL & PLL lock status
HDMI_PHY_LCK_STA HDMI phy lock status 0x0124 RO
Table 177: AWG register summary
Waveform generator
AWG_CTRL0 AWG - global control 0x0000 R/W
AWG_RAMn (n=0 to 45) AWG - instruction RAM 0x0100 + R/W

n x 0x04

54.1 VTG 1
VTG1_HDRIVE HSYNC and VSYNC selection
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
AVSYNC
Reserved DVOSYNC Reserved Reserved ALTSYNC
Address: VOSBaseAddress + 0x0000

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register controls the selection of the VSYNC, HSYNC and BNOTTOP signals that
are delivered to the VIDDIGOUTHSYNC, VIDDIGOUTVSYNC and PIO3(2-0) pads.
[31:19] Reserved
[18:16] DVOSYNC: selects which sync signals is delivered on the VIDDIGOUTHSYNC and VIDDIGOUTVSYNC
DVO pads
000: 0 on all pads
001: Main hsync and vsync
010: DAC hsync and vsync (analog)
011: Main HREF and VREF
100: Aux HSYNC and VSYNC
Confidential
101: Aux HREF and VREF

[15:9] Reserved
[8] AVSYNC: selects which VREF is used by the PCM reader
0: Main VREF 1: Aux VREF
[7:3] Reserved
[2-0] ALTSYNC: selects which sync signals are delivered on the PIO alternate function outputs PIO3(2-0):
VTG_HREF, VTG_VREF, VTG_BNOTTOP
000: 0 on all pads 011: Main HREF, VREF and BNOTTOP
001: Main HSYNC, VSYNC and BNOTTOP 100: Aux HSYNC, VSYNC and BNOTTOP
010: DAC HSYNC, VSYNC and BNOTTOP (analog) 101: Aux HREF, VREF and BNOTTOP
VTG1_CLKLN Clocks per line
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved CLKLN

Type: R/W
Buffer: Rebuffered on VSYNC
Reset: 0
Description: Defines the total number of pixel per line.
[31:12] Reserved
[11:0] CLKLN: Total number of pixel clocks per horizontal period (horizontal complete line length).

VTG1_HDO HSYNC rising edge
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved HDMIHDO Reserved DVOHDO Reserved HDO

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Defines the position of the internal HSYNC rising edge relative to HREF, the additional
offset added to HDMI Hsync and VIDDIGOUTHSYNC relative to the internal HSYNC
signal.
[31:27] Reserved
[26:24] HDMIHDO: Additional offset (in pixel clock cycle) added to the internal Hsync to generate the HDMI
Hsync signal.
[23:19] Reserved
[18:16] DVOHDO: Additional offset (in pixel clock cycle) added to the internal Hsync to generate the
VIDDIGOUTHSYNC signal.
[15:12] Reserved
[11:0] HDO: Determines the rising edge (in pixel clock cycle) of the internal HSYNC signal pulse relative to
HREF. The HSYNC output rises from 0 to 1 level when the pixel counter is equal to VTG1_HDO.
Confidential
Note: The order of VTG1_HDO and VTG1_HDS determine the polarity of the Hsync signal
pin.
VTG1_HDS HSYNC falling edge
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved HDS
Address: VOSBaseAddress + 0x000C

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Defines the position of the internal HSYNC falling edge relative to HREF.
[31:12] Reserved
[11:0] HDS: Determines the falling edge (in pixel clock cycle) of the Hsync signal pulse relative to HREF. The
Hsync output falls from 1 to 0 when the pixel counter is equal to VTG1_HDS.
Note: The order of VTG1_HDO and VTG1_HDS determines the polarity of the Hsync signal
pin.

VTG1_HLFLN Half line per vertical
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved HLFLN
Address: VOSBaseAddress + 0x001D

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Defines the number of lines per frame.
[31:12] Reserved
[11:0] HLFLN: Specifies the number of half line per vertical period in the raster display. An odd value indicates
interlaced output. An even value indicates a progressive output, except if overridden by
VTG1_VTGMOD.FI (for the 1250 line interlaced standard SMPTE 295M).
VTG1_VDO VSYNC rising edge
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved
VPOS
VPOL
VHD Reserved VDO

Confidential

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Defines the position of the VSYNC rising edge relative to VREF, the offset of VSYNC
relative to HREF, the polarity of VSYNC and the position (late or early) of VSYNC
relative to VREF.
[31:30] Reserved
[29] VPOS: VSYNC position (early or late) relative to VREF
0: VSYNC active edge is after VREF rising edge
1: VSYNC active edge is before VREF rising edge
[28] VPOL: VSYNC polarity relative to VREF - used to generate correctly the BNOTTOP signal.
0: The VSYNC synchronization is the rising edge
1: The VSYNC synchronization is the falling edge
[27:16] VHD: VSYNC to HREF offset - This register specifies the offset (in pixel clock cycles) of the VSYNC
signal relative to HREF. A value 0 means that VSYNC is rising one clock cycle after VREF.
[15:12] Reserved
[11:0] VDO: VSYNC rising edge position relative to VREF.
Specifies the offset (in number of half-line) of the VSYNC rising edge relative to VREF. The VSYNC
output rises from 0 to 1 level when the half line counter is equal to VTG1_VDO.
Note: 1. The order of VTG1_VDO and VTG1_VDS determines the polarity of the Vsync
signal.

VTG1_VDS VSYNC falling edge
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved VDS

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Defines the position of the internal Vsync falling edge relative to VREF.
[31:11] Reserved
[10:0] VDS: Vsync falling edge position relative to VREF.
Specifies the offset (in number of half-line) of the Vsync falling edge relative to VREF. The VSYNC output
rises from 0 to 1 level when the half line counter is equal to VTG1_VDO.
Note: The order of VTG1_VDO and VTG1_VDS determine the polarity of the VSYNC signal
pin.
VTG1_AWGHDO Waveform generator hsync rising edge
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Confidential
Reserved AWGHDO

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Defines the position of the internal AWG HSYNC rising edge relative to HREF. This
sync signal is used as a reference signal by the waveform generator.
[31:12] Reserved
[11:0] AWGHDO: AWG HSYNC rising edge position (in pixel clock cycle) relative to HREF. The AWG HSYNC
signal rises from 0 to 1 when the pixel counter is equal to VTG1_AWGHDO.

VTG1_AWGVDO VSYNC rising edge
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10
AWGVPOS 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved
Reserved
AWGVHD Reserved AWGVDO

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Defines the position of the internal AWG Vsync rising edge relative to VREF and the
position (late or early) of AWG Vsync relative to VREF.
[31:30] Reserved
[29] AWGVPOS: AWG Vsync position (early or late) relative to VREF
0: AWG VSYNC active edge is after VREF rising edge
1: AWG VSYNC active edge is before VREF rising edge
[28] Reserved
[27:16] AWGVHD: AWG VSYNC to HREF offset - This register specifies the offset (in pixel clock cycle) of the
AWG VSYNC signal relative to HREF. A value 0 means that AWG VSYNC is rising one clock cycle after
VREF.
Confidential
[15:12] Reserved
[11:0] AWGVDO: AWG VSYNC rising edge position relative to VREF
Specifies the offset (in number of half-line) of the AWG Vsync rising edge relative to VREF. The AWG
VSYNC signal rises from 0 to 1 when the half-line counter is equal to VTG1_AWGVDO.
VTG1_DACHDO Analog HSYNC rising edge
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved DACHDO

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Defines the position of the analog Hsync rising edge relative to HREF.
[31:12] Reserved
[11:0] DACHDO: analog Hsync rising edge position (in pixel clock cycle) relative to HREF. The analog HSYNC
signal rises from 0 to 1 when the pixel counter is equal to VTG1_DACHDO.

VTG1_DACHDS Analog HSYNC falling edge
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved DACHDS

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Defines the position of the analog Hsync falling edge relative to HREF.
[31:12] Reserved
[11:0] DACHDS: Determines the falling edge (in pixel clock cycles) of the analog HSYNC signal pulse relative to
HREF. The HSYNC output falls from 1to 0 when the pixel counter is equal to VTG1_DACHDS.
Note: The order of VTG1_DACHDO and VTG1_DACHDS determine the polarity of the analog
Hsync signal.
VTG1_DACVDO Analog VSYNC rising edge
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DACVPOS
DACVPOL
Reserved
Confidential
DACVHD Reserved DACVDO

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Defines the position of the analog Vsync rising edge relative to VREF, the polarity and
the position (late or early) of the analog VSYNC relative to VREF.
[31:30] Reserved
[29] DACVPOS: Analog VSYNC position (early or late) relative to VREF
0: Analog VSYNC active edge is after VREF rising edge
1: Analog VSYNC active edge is before VREF rising edge
[28] DACVPOL: Analog Vsync polarity relative to VREF - used to generate correctly the BNOTTOP signal.
[27:16] DACVHD: Analog VSYNC to HREF offset - specifies the offset (in pixel clock cycle) of the analog VSYNC
signal relative to HREF. A value 0 means that analog VSYNC is rising one clock cycle after VREF.
[15:12] Reserved
[11:0] DACVDO: Analog VSYNC rising edge position relative to VREF
Specifies the offset (in number of half-line) of the analog VSYNC rising edge relative to VREF. The
analog VSYNC signal rises from 0 to 1 when the half-line counter is equal to VTG1_DACVDO.

VTG1_DACVDS Analog VSYNC falling edge
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved DACVDS

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Defines the position of the analog Vsync falling edge relative to VREF.
[31:11] Reserved
[10:0] DACVDS: Vsync falling edge position relative to VREF
Specifies the offset (in number of half-line) of the analog VSYNC falling edge relative to VREF. The
VSYNC output rises from 1 to 0 level when the half line counter is equal to VTG1_DACVDS.
Note: The order of VTG1_DACVDO and VTG1_DACVDS determine the polarity of the Vsync
signal.
VTG1_MODE VTG mode of operations
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Confidential
Reserved
FI
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Controls the operating mode of the VTG1.
[31:3] Reserved
[2] FI: Force interleaved
Allows VTG1 to be in interlaced mode when VTG1_HLFLN is even (typically for SMPTE 295M when line
number is 1250).
0: No force 1: Force interleaved
[1:0] Reserved

VTG1_VTMR VSYNC delayed interrupt timer
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved VTIMER

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Defines the delay of the PDVS interrupt.
[31:24] Reserved
[23:0] VTIMER
Holds the value, in pixel clock period units, of the delay between internal VREF and PDVS interrupt.
VTG1_DRST VTG1 raster reset
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RST
Reserved

Confidential
Type: WO
Reset: 0
Description:
[31:1] Reserved
[0] RST
Writing to this bit resets the pixel counters and line counters in the raster generator. This reset is just
activated once on writing. When activated, VTG1 reset also the generated VREF and HREF. For an
interlaced raster, a top field is generated first.

VTG1_ITM Interrupt mask
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PDVS
OFD
VSB
VST
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Any bit set in this register enables the corresponding interrupt in the VTG1_IRQ line. An
interrupt is generated whenever a bit in register VTG1_STA changes from 0 to 1 and the
[31:4] Reserved
[3] PDVS: Programmable delay on VSync
This bit is set for a short time after VSync, with a delay programmed in the VTG1_VTMR register.
[2] VST: Vsync top
This bit is set at the beginning of the top field, corresponding to the falling edge of the internal BNOTT
(bottom not top) signal.
This bit is set at the beginning of the top field, corresponding to the rising edge of the internal BNOTT
[0] OFD: Output field: (only relevant in register VTG1_STA)
Confidential
0: Bottom field.
1: Top field.
VTG1_ITS Interrupt status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PDVS
OFD
VSB
VST
Reserved

Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description: When a bit in register VTG1_STA changes from 0 to 1, the corresponding bit in register
VTG1_ITS is set, independent of the state of VTG1_ITM. If any set VTG1_ITS bit is
unmasked, the line VTG1_IRQ is asserted. Reading VTG1_ITS clears all bits in this
register. When VTG1_ITS is zero, the VTG1_IRQ line returns de-asserted.
[31:4] Reserved
[3] PDVS: Programmable delay on VSync. This bit is set after VSync, with a delay programmed in
VTG1_VTMR register.
[2] VST: Vsync top
0: Bottom field.
1: Top field.

VTG1_STA VTG1 status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PDVS
OFD
VSB
VST
Reserved

Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description: Any change from 0 to 1 of any of these bits sets the corresponding bit of register
VTG1_ITS, and can thus potentially cause an interrupt on the VTG1_IRQ line. PDVS,
VST and VSB are pulses and are unlikely to be ever read as a 1.
[31:4] Reserved
This bit is set after VSync, with a delay programmed in register VTG1_VTMR.
[2] VST: Vsync top
Confidential
0: Bottom field.
1: Top field.
54.2 VTG 2
VTG2_CLKLN Clocks per line
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved CLKLN

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Defines the number of pixel per line.
[31:12] Reserved
[11:0] CLKLN
Specifies the total number of pixel clocks per horizontal period (complete horizontal line length).

VTG2_HDO HSYNC rising edge
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved HDO

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Defines the position of the internal HSYNC rising edge relative to HREF.
[31:12] Reserved
[11:0] HDO: Determines the position of the Hsync rising edge relative to HREF
The Hsync signal rises from 0 to 1 level when the pixel counter is equal to VTG2_HDO.
Note: The order of VTG2_HDO and VTG2_HDS determines the polarity of the Hsync signal.
VTG2_HDS HSYNC output falling edge
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved HDS
Confidential

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Defines the position of the internal HSYNC falling edge relative to HREF.
[31:12] Reserved
[11:0] HDS: Determines the position of the Hsync falling edge relative to HREF
The Hsync output falls from 1 to 0 when the pixel counter is equal to VTG2_HDS.
Note: The order of VTG2_HDO and VTG2_HDS determines the polarity of the Hsync signal.
VTG2_HLFLN Half line per vertical
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved HLFLN

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Defines the number of half-line per frame or field.
[31:12] Reserved
[11:0] HLFLN: Specifies the number of half line per vertical period in the raster display
An odd value indicates interlaced output and an even value indicates progressive output, except if
overridden by VTG2_VTGMOD.FI in case of the 1250 line interlaced standard (SMPTE 295M).

VTG2_VDO VSYNC rising edge
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved
VPOS
VPOL
VHD Reserved VDO

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Defines the position of the Vsync rising edge relative to VREF, the offset of VSYNC
relative to HREF, the polarity of VSYNC and the position (late or early) of VSYNC
relative to VREF.
[31:30] Reserved
[29] VPOS: VSYNC position (early or late) relative to VREF
0: VSYNC active edge is after VREF rising edge
1: VSYNC active edge is before VREF rising edge
[28] VPOL: VSYNC polarity relative to VREF - used to generate correctly the BNOTTOP signal.
[27:16] VHD: VSYNC to HREF offset - Specifies the offset (in pixel clock cycle) of the Vsync signal relative to
Confidential
HREF
0: VSYNC rises one clock cycle after VREF.
[15:12] Reserved
[11:0] VDO: VSYNC rising edge position relative to VREF.
Specifies the offset (in number of half-line) of the Vsync rising edge relative to VREF. The VSYNC output
rises from 0 to 1 level when the half line counter is equal to VTG1_VDO.
Note: The order of VTG2_VDO and VTG2_VDS determines the polarity of the Vsync signal.
VTG2_VDS VSYNC falling edge
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved VDS

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[31:11] Reserved
[10:0] VDS: Determines the position (in hal-line) of the VSYNC signal relative to VREF
The VSYNC signal rises from 0 to 1 level when the half-line counter is equal to VTG2_VDO.
Note: The order of VTG2_VDO and VTG2_VDS determine the polarity of the VSYNC signal
pin.

VTG2_VTG_MODE VTG mode of operations
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved FI SMD

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register controls the operating mode of the VTG2.
[31:3] Reserved
[2] FI: Force interleaved
This bit, when set, allows VTG2 to be in interlaced mode when VTG2_HLFLN is even (typically for
SMPTE 295M when line number is 1250).
0: No force 1: Force interleaved
[1:0] SMD: Slave mode selection
00: VTG2 is master (Hsync and Vsync are internally generated).
01: VTG2 is slave (uses Hsync and Vsync from VTG1).
10: VTG2 is slave (uses Vsync from VTG1 and generates Hsync).
VTG2_VTMR VSYNC delayed interrupt timer

Confidential
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved VTIMER

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Defines the PVDS interrupt delay.
[31:24] Reserved
[23:0] VTIMER: Value, in pixel clock period units, of the delay between internal VREF and PDVS interrupt.
VTG2_DRST VTG2 raster reset
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RST
Reserved

Type: WO
Reset: 0
Description:
[31:1] Reserved
[0] RST: Reset
Resets the pixel counters and line counters in the raster generator. This reset is activated once on writing.
When activated, the VTG2 reset also generates VREF and HREF. In case of an interlaced raster, a top
field is generated first.

VTG2_R1 Range 1
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved RG1

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Used in slave mode only.
[31:12] Reserved
[11:0] RG1
Holds the lower limit of pixel window for the detection of a bottom field. In slave mode, if VTG1 Vsync is
detected in this range, VTG2 generate a bottom field. If VTG1 Vsync is detected out of this range, a top
field is generated.
VTG2_R2 Range 2
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved RG2
Confidential

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Used in slave mode only.
[31:12] Reserved
[11:0] RG2
Holds the upper limit of pixel window for the detection of a bottom field. In slave mode, if VTG1 Vsync is
detected in this range, VTG2 generate a bottom field. If VTG1 Vsync is detected out of this range, a top
field is generated.

VTG2_ITM Interrupt mask
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PDVS
OFD
VSB
VST
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Any bit set in this register enables the corresponding interrupt in the VTG2_IRQ line. An
interrupt is generated whenever a bit in register VTG2_STA changes from 0 to 1 and the
[31:4] Reserved
This bit is set for a short time after VSync, with a delay programmed in VTG1_VTIMER register.
[2] VST: Vsync top
This bit is set for a short time at the beginning of the top field, corresponding to the falling edge of the
internal BNOTT (bottom not top) signal.
This bit is set for a short time at the beginning of the top field, corresponding to the rising edge of the
internal BNOTT (bottom not top) signal.
[0] OFD: Output field (only relevant in register VTG2_STA)
Confidential
0: Bottom filed
1: Top filled
VTG2_ITS Interrupt status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PDVS
OFD
VSB
VST
Reserved

Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description: When a bit in register VTG2_STA changes from 0 to 1, the corresponding bit in register
VTG2_ITS is set, independent of the state of VTG2_ITM. If any set VTG2_ITS bit is
unmasked, the line VTG2_IRQ is asserted. Reading VTG2_ITS clears all bits in this
register. When VTG2_ITS is zero, the VTG2_IRQ line returns de-asserted.
[31:4] Reserved
[3] PDVS: Programmable delay on Vsync
This bit is set with some delay after VSync. This delay is defined in VTG2_VTMR register.
[2] VST: Vsync top
This bit is set at the beginning of a top field, corresponding to the falling edge of the internal BNOTT
This bit is set at the beginning of a bottom field, corresponding to the rising edge of the internal BNOTT
0: bottom filled
1: top filled

VTG2_STA VTG2 status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PDVS
OFD
VSB
VST
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register contained a set of bits which represent the status of the video timing
generator. any change from 0 to 1 of any of this bits sets the corresponding bit of
register VTG2_ITS, and can thus potentially cause an interrupt on VTG2_IRQ line.
PDVS, VST and VSB are pulses and are unlikely to be ever read as a 1.
[31:4] Reserved
[3] PDVS: Programmable delay on VSync.
This bit is set for a short time after VSync, with a delay programmed in VTG2_VTIMER register.
[2] VST: Vsync top
This bit is set at the beginning of a top field, corresponding to the falling edge of the internal BNOTT
This bit is set at the beginning of a bottom field, corresponding to the rising edge of the internal BNOTT
Confidential

0: bottom filled
1: top filled

54.3 General VOS configuration
DSP_CFG_CLK Display and global configuration
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
HDMI_IDDQ
HDMI_CFG
UPS_SEL1
DVP_REF
UPS_SEL
DVP_SEL
UPS_DIV
DESL
NUP
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register configures the upsampler, the HDMI serializer power-down and the DENC
input.
[31:11] Reserved
[10] UPS_SEL1: Upsampler mode 1
0: UPS_SEL mode is used
1: x4 upsampling - Progressive SD source from main data path (ex: 27 MHz)
[9:8] DVP_SEL: Compositor to DVP datapath selection
00: Compositor output (9:0)
Confidential

[7] HDMI_IDDQ: HDMI serializer power down
0: HDMI serializer is on
1: HDMI serializer is off
[6] DVP_REF: Reference to DVP
0: Main HREF and VREF (from VTG1) are transmitted to DVP
1: Aux HREF and VREF (from VTG2) are transmitted to DVP
[5:4] UPS_DIV: UPS post-filter division
The sum of programmed upsampler coefficients should be equal to the value programmed here for
unitary overall filter gain.
00: 512
01: 256
10: 1024
[3] UPS_SEL: Upsampler Mode (only when UPS_SEL1=0)
0: x2 upsampling - HD source from main data path
1: x4 upsampling - SD source from DENC
[2] NUP: Upsampler enable
0: Upsampler is bypassed 1: Upsampler is enabled
[1] HDMI_CFG: HDMI configuration
0: HDMI received RGB saturated 1: HDMI received YCbCr (601/709)
[0] DESL: DENC Selection
0: DENC takes auxiliary compositor output 1: DENC takes main compositor output

DSP_CFG_DIG Display digital output configuration
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
HDS
EN
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register configures the DVO digital display output.
[31:7] Reserved
[1] EN: DVO enable
0: Digital video output disabled 1: Digital video output enabled
[0] HDS: HD/SD selection
0: Main HD path on digital display 1: Aux SD path on digital display
DSP_CFG_ANA Main analog display output configuration
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SYHD
AWG
RGB
RSC
Reserved
Confidential

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register configures the main analog display output.
[31:4] Reserved
[3] AWG: sync generation by programmable AWG or pre-defined EIA770.3
0: pre-defined EIA770.3 analog sync is used 1: user-defined AWG sync is used
[2] RSC: Rescale
0: No rescale.
1: Display signal is rescaled to allow insertion of sync in the DACs range.
[1] SYHD: Sync on HD path
0: No synchronization inserted.
1: Synchronization (EIA770.3 type) is inserted on analog outputs.
[0] RGB: RGB out
0: YPbPr/YCbCr is output. 1: RGB is output

54.4 Main video output configuration
DHDO_ACFG Analog output configuration
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
P293
P295
SIC
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register configures the main analog display output.
[31:7] Reserved
[2] P293: Progressive SMPTE 293M
0: Any standard other than progressive SMPTE 293M (including interlaced 293M).
1: Progressive SMPTE 293M Standard.
[1] P295: Progressive SMPTE 295M
0: Any standard other than progressive SMPTE 295M (including interlaced 295M).
1: Progressive SMPTE 295M Standard.
[0] SIC: Synchronization in chroma:
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0: Synchronization pulses only available on luma output.

1: Synchronization pulses also available on chroma output.
DHDO_ABROAD ABROAD value
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved ABROAD

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[31:12] Reserved
[11:0] ABROAD: Length of high and low level synchronization pulses in pixel clock units for all types of lines

DHDO_BBROAD BBROAD value
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved BBROAD

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[31:12] Reserved
[11:0] BBROAD: Length of high level and low level synchronization pulses during broad pulse lines, in pixel
clock units
DHDO_CBROAD CBROAD value
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved CBROAD

Type: R/W
Confidential

Reset: 0
Description:
[31:12] Reserved
[11:0] CBROAD: Length of high and low level synchronization pulses during broad pulse line, in pixel clock
units
DHDO_BACTIVE BACTIVE value
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved BACTIVE

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[31:12] Reserved
[11:0] BACTIVE: Length of high level plus zero level synchronization during pulses active video line, in pixel
clock units
Note: (CACTIVE - BACTIVE) is the number of horizontal active pixels per line.

DHDO_CACTIVE CACTIVE value
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved CACTIVE

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[31:12] Reserved
[11:0] CACTIVE
Length of high level plus zero level plus active level synchronization during active video line, in pixel clock
units.
Note: (CACTIVE - BACTIVE) is the number of horizontal active pixels per line.
DHDO_BROADL Broad pulse line number
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved BROADL
Confidential

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[31:11] Reserved
[10:0] BROADL
Number of broad pulse lines to be generated (in interlaced mode, these lines contain the pattern twice)
DHDO_BLANKL Blanking line number
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved BLANKL

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register.
[31:11] Reserved
[10:0] BLANKL: Number of blanking lines to be generated.

DHDO_ACTIVEL Active line number
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved ACTIVEL

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[31:11] Reserved
[10:0] ACTIVEL: Number of active lines to be generated.
DHDO_ZEROL Zero level values
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved ZEROLC Reserved ZEROLL
Address: VOSBaseAddress + 0x00A0

Type: R/W
Confidential

Reset: 0
Description: Level zero DAC entry values.
[31:26] Reserved
[25:16] ZEROLC: Zero level value for chroma
[15:10] Reserved
[9:0] ZEROLL: Zero level value for luma
DHDO_MIDL Middle level values
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved MIDLC Reserved MIDLL

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Middle level DACs entry values (middle value between zero and high level).
[31:26] Reserved
[25:16] MIDLC: Middle level value for chroma
[15:10] Reserved
[9:0] MIDLL: Middle level value for luma

DHDO_HI High level values
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved HIGHLC Reserved HIGHLL

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Synchronization pulse high level DACs entry values.
[31:26] Reserved
[25:16] HIGHLC: High level value for chroma
[15:10] Reserved
[9:0] HIGHLL: High level value for luma
DHDO_MIDLO Mid low level values
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved MIDLOWLC Reserved MIDLOWLL

Confidential
Address: VOSBaseAddress + 0x00AC

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Mid lowlevel DACs entry values (mid value between zero and low level).
[31:26] Reserved
[25:16] MIDLOWLC: Mid low level value for chroma
[15:10] Reserved
[9:0] MIDLOWLL: Mid low level value for luma
DHDO_LO Low level values
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved LOWLC Reserved LOWLL
Address: VOSBaseAddress + 0x00B0

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Synchronization pulse low level DACs entry values.
[31:26] Reserved
[25:16] LOWLC: Low level value for chroma
[15:10] Reserved
[9:0] LOWLL: Low level value for luma

DHDO_COLOR Main display output color space selection
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved 240 601

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Allows the selection of the color space matrix to be used on RGB to YCbCr conversion
before main display output.
[31:26] Reserved
[1] 240: SMPTE 240M
0: ITU-R 601 or 709 is selected.
1: SMPTE 240M is selected.
[0] 601: ITU-R 601 / 709
0: ITU-R 709 is selected.
1: ITU-R 601 is selected.
DHDO_YMLT Luma multiplication factor

Confidential
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved YMLT

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Multiplication factor applied to the luma or green signal (Y/G) before the digital to analog
converter to allow synchronization levels insertion.
Note: G/Y = (YMLT x internal signal G/Y)/1024 + YOFF
DHDO_CMLT Chroma multiplication factor
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved CMLT
Address: VOSBaseAddress + 0x00BC

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Multiplication factor applied to the chroma or red and blue signal (R/Pr and B/Pb) before
the digital to analog converter to allow synchronization levels insertion.
Note: R/Pr = (CMLT x internal signal R/Cr)/1024 + COFF
B/Pb = (CMLT x internal signal B/Cb)/1024 + COFF

DHDO_COFF Chroma offset
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved COFF
Address: VOSBaseAddress + 0x00C0

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Offset applied to the chroma or red and blue signal (R/Pr and B/Pb) before the digital to
analog converter to allow synchronization levels insertion.
Note: R/Pr = (CMLT x internal signal R/Cr)/1024 + COFF
B/Pb = (CMLT x internal signal B/Cb)/1024 + COFF
DHDO_YOFF Luma offset
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved YOFF

Type: R/W
Confidential

Reset: 0
Description: Offset applied to the luma or green signal (Y/G) before the digital to analog converter to
allow synchronization levels insertion.
Note: G/Y = (YMLT x internal signal G/Y)/1024 + YOFF
54.5 Digital SD video out
C656_ACTL Active line
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved ACTL

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Number of active lines

C656_BACT Beginning of active video
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved BACT
Address: VOSBaseAddress + 0x00CC

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Duration in pixel clock between internal HREF and start of active video pixels
C656_BLANKL Blanking lines
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved BLANKL
Address: VOSBaseAddress + 0x00D0

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Number of blanking lines generated.
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C656_EACT End of active video
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved EACT

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Duration in pixel clocks between internal HREF and end of active video pixels.
C656_PAL PAL/NTSC selection
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved PAL

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Adjusts timing between PAL and NTSC standards.
[31:1] Reserved
[0] PAL: PAL/NTSC
0: NTSC is selected.
1: PAL is selected.

54.6 HD DAC configuration
DSP_CFG_DAC HD and SD DACs configuration
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
HDDAC
SDDAC
Reserved Reserved
Address: VOSBaseAddress + 0x00DC

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register enables the HD and SD DACs.
[31:9] Reserved
[8] HDDAC: HD DAC power-on
0: HD DACs are power-off (default value)
1: HD DACs are power-on
[7] SDDAC: SD DAC power-on
0: SD DACs are power-off (default value)
1: SD DACs are power-on
[6:0] Reserved
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54.7 Upsampler tap coefficients
UPSMPL_CSET1_1 Upsampler coefficient set 1 - coeff tap 1, 2, 3
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved
COEFF_1_3 COEFF_1_2 COEFF_1_1
Address: VOSBaseAddress + 0x00E4

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: SRC coefficients used for upsampling (HD x2 or SD x4).
[31:30] Reserved
[29:20] COEFF_1_3: Coefficient applied to tap 3 at first phase (for x2 or x4 upsampling)

31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved
Address: VOSBaseAddress + 0x00E8

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
[31:30] Reserved
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved

Confidential
Address: VOSBaseAddress + 0x00EC

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
[31:30] Reserved
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved
Address: VOSBaseAddress + 0x00F0

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
[31:30] Reserved

31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
[31:30] Reserved
[29:20] COEFF_2_3: Coefficient applied to tap 3 at second phase (for x2 or x4 upsampling)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved

Confidential

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
[31:30] Reserved
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved
Address: VOSBaseAddress + 0x00FC

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
[31:30] Reserved

31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
[31:30] Reserved
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved

Confidential

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: SRC coefficients used for upsampling (SD only).
[31:30] Reserved
[29:20] COEFF_3_3: Coefficient applied to tap 3 at third phase (for x4 upsampling)
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
[31:30] Reserved

31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
[31:30] Reserved
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved

Confidential

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
[31:30] Reserved
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
[31:30] Reserved
[29:20] COEFF_4_3: Coefficient applied to tap 3 at fourth phase (for x4 upsampling)

31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
[31:30] Reserved
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved

Confidential

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
[31:30] Reserved
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
[31:30] Reserved

HDMI_PHY_LCK_STA HDMI PHY lock status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RPLL_LCK
DLL_LCK
Reserved

Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description: This register provides the lock status of the HDMI rejection PLL and the lock status of
the HDMI DLL serializer.
[31:2] Reserved
[1] RPLL_LCK: Lock status of the rejection PLL
0: Unlock 1: Lock
[0] DLL_LCK: Lock status of the HDMI PHY DLL
0: Unlock 1: Lock
The reset sequence of the HDM serializer is as follows:

1. Setup the HDMI clocks in the clock generator B.
2. Reset the rejection PLL.
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3. Wait for the PLL lock and check the lock status.
4. Reset the HDMI serializer.
5. Wait for the serializer DLL lock and check the lock status.
6. Configure the HDMI.
7. reset the VTGs

54.8 Waveform generator configuration
AWG_CTRL_0 AWG control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
HSMTHD
VSMTHD
EN
Reserved
Address: AWGBaseAddress + 0x0000

Type: RW
Reset: 0
Description: Enables the waveform generator and defines the method used for syncs generation.
[31:3] Reserved
[1] VSMTHD: vertical synchronization method
0: Frame based synchronization
1: Field based synchronization
[1] HSMTHD: horizontal synchronization method
0: AWGHSYNC occurrence causes the instruction pointer to increment (has priority on any instruction effect)
1: AWGHSYNC occurrence has no effect on the instruction pointer
[0] EN: waveform generator enable
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0: Disable - all internal counters and variables are cleared, no instruction is executed
1: Enable
AWG_RAMn AWG instruction n
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
INSTRUCTION
Address: AWGBaseAddress + 0x0100 + n x 0x04 (n= 0 to 45)

Type: RW
Reset: 0
Description: Provides a memory mapped view of the instruction RAM.

STx7100 55 Digital encoder (DENC)
55 Digital encoder (DENC)
55.1 Digital encoder overview

This is the final stage of the video pipeline of the device and is a high-performance PAL/SECAM/
NTSC digital encoder referred to as the DENC. The DENC converts a 4:4:4/4:2:2 digital video
stream into a standard analog baseband PAL/SECAM/NTSC signal and into RGB and YUV
analog components.
The DENC can handle interlaced mode (in all standards) and non-interlaced mode in PAL and
NTSC. It can perform closed-captions, CGMS, WSS, Teletext and VPS encoding and allows
MacrovisionTM 7.01/ 6.1 copy protection. There are two sets of triple DACs, on each of which
three analog output pins are available, and it is possible to output either (S-VHS(Y/C) + CVBS) or
(V + Y + U) or (RGB).
As implemented in the STx7100, the encoder operates in one of several slave modes, where it
locks onto incoming Hsync and OddEven signals from one of the two VTGs integrated in the
STx7100. The VTGs are programmed by registers described in Chapter 53: Video output stage
(VOS) on page 583. The DENC should therefore be programmed to use one of the slave modes
based on these two signals. The VTG used by the DENC is automatically selected to be that of
the mixer in the compositor whose display is being output by the DENC. An autotest mode is also
provided.
The main functions are controlled using a register interface with the CPU. Each register is
Confidential
mapped into the least significant byte of a 32-bit register space in the STx7100. The DENC
registers are described in Chapter 56 on page 660.
55.2 Data input format

The digital input is a time-multiplexed [[Cb,Y,Cr],Y] 8-bit video stream or 4:4:4 [Y,Cb,Cr] 24-bit
video stream. Input samples are latched on the rising of the clock signal PIXCLK.
The DENC is able to encode interlaced (in all standards) and non-interlaced (in PAL and NTSC)
video. One bit is sufficient to automatically direct the DENC to process non-interlaced video.
Update is performed internally on the first frame sync active edge following the programing of bit
NINTRL in register DENC_CFG2. The non-interlaced mode is a 624/2 = 312 line mode or a
524/2 = 262 line mode, where all fields of the frame are identical.
The DENC also supports square pixel mode in PAL and NTSC modes with the appropriate clock
reference. (PAL 29.5 MHz, NTSC 24.5454 MHz). Square pixel mode is programmed using bit
SQPIX in DENC_CFG7.
Square pixel and/or non-interlaced modes are updated on the beginning of the frame
(Figure 198).

55 Digital encoder (DENC) STx7100
Figure 198: Square pixel and/or non-interlaced mode switch
Slave mode by OddEven and Hsync
OddEven
Field1
(input)
Hsync
(input)
Clock period change
if square pixel mode switch
PIXCLK
Update of bits SQPIX and NINTRL
Slave mode by OddEven only
OddEven Field1
(input) Clock period change
if square pixel mode switch
PIXCLK
Update of bits SQPIX and NINTRL
Note: If on-the-fly format changing is required, clock switching must be synchronized onto the start of
the frame as shown in the above waveform. Internally, update of bits SQPIX and NINTRL is taken
into account at the beginning of a new frame. (Bits SQPIX and NINTRL are in DENC_CFG7 and
DENC_CFG2 respectively.)
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55.3 Video timing

The burst sequences are internally generated, subcarrier generation being performed
numerically with PIXCLK as reference. Four-frame bursts are generated for PAL or two-frame
bursts for NTSC. Rise and fall times of the synchronization tips and burst envelope are internally
controlled according to the relevant ITU-R and SMPTE recommendations. The six-frame
subcarrier phase sequence is generated in SECAM (Section 55.9).
Figure 199 to Figure 204 show typical VBI (vertical blanking interval) waveforms.
Incoming YCbCr data may be encoded on those lines of the VBI with no line sync pulses or pre/
post-equalization pulses (see figures). This mode of operation is referred to as partial blanking
and is the default set-up. It allows the encoded waveform to keep any VBI data present in
digitized form in the incoming YCbCr stream (for example, supplementary closed-caption lines).
In SECAM mode, only Y data are encoded, Cr and Cb are ignored. Alternatively, the complete
VBI may be fully blanked, so no incoming YCbCr data is encoded on these lines. Full or partial
blanking is set by register bit DENC_CFG1.BLKLI.
For 525/60 systems, with the SMPTE line numbering convention:
● complete VBI consists of lines 1 to 19 and the second half of lines 263 to 282,
● partial VBI consists of lines 1 to 9 and the second half of lines 263 to 272,
● line 282 is either fully blanked or fully active.
For 625/50 systems, with the CCIR line numbering convention:

● complete VBI consists of the second half of lines 623 to 22 and lines 311 to 335,
● partial VBI consists of the second half of lines 623 to 5 and lines 311 to 318,
● line 23 is always fully active.

Figure 199: PAL-BDGHI, PAL-N typical VBI waveform, interlaced mode (ITU-R625 line numbering)
0V
A B
IV
308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320
Full VBI1
Partial VBI1 A
I
621 622 623 624 625 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 22 23

Full VBI2
Partial VBI2 A
II
308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 317 335 336
A B
III
621 622 623 624 625 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
II
C
III
IV
0V : Frame synchronization reference

I, II, III, IV : 1st and 5th, 2nd and 6th, 3rd and 7th, 4th and 8th fields
A: Burst phase : nominal value +135°
B: Burst phase : nominal value -135°
C: Burst suppression internal
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Figure 200: PAL-BDGHI, PAL-N typical VBI waveform, non-interlaced mode (CCIR-like line
numbering)
Full VBI
Partial VBI A B
0V
308 309 310 311 312 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 22

Burst phase toggles every line
Figure 201: NTSC-M typical VBI waveforms, interlaced mode (SMPTE-525 line numbering)
Full VBI1
Partial VBI1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 18 19
H H 0.5H H
Full VBI2
Partial VBI2
262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 282
0.5H H H
VBI3
525 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 18 19
VBI4
263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 282

Figure 202: NTSC-M typical VBI waveforms, non-interlaced mode (SMPTE-like line numbering)
Full VBI
Partial VBI
3H 3H 3H
262 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 18 19
H H H 0.5H H
Figure 203: PAL-M typical VBI waveforms, interlaced mode (ITU-R/CCIR-525 line numbering)
Full VBI1
F' F F' F
Partial VBI1 A B
0V I
519 520 521 522 523 524 525 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 16 17

Full VBI2
F F' F
Partial VBI2 A B
II
257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 279 280
F F' F
A B
III
519 520 521 522 523 524 525 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

F' F
A B
IV
257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272
I
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II
C
III
IV
0V : Frame synchronization reference

I, II, III, IV : 1st and 5th, 2nd and 6th, 3rd and 7th, 4th and 8th fields
A: Burst phase : nominal value +135°
B: Burst phase : nominal value -135°
C: Burst suppression internal
Figure 204: PAL-M typical VBI waveforms, non-interlaced mode (ITU-R/CCIR-like line numbering)
Full VBI
Partial VBI A B
0V
256 257 258 259 260 261 262 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 16 17

Burst phase toggles every line
55.4 Reset procedure

A hardware reset sets the DENC in Hsync + OddEven (line-locked) slave mode; for NTSC-M,
interlaced ITU-R601 encoding closed-captioning, WSS, VPS, Teletext and CGMS encoding are
all disabled.
The configuration can then be customized by writing into the appropriate registers. A few
registers are never reset, their contents are unknown until the first loading (see Chapter 56 on
page 660).
A software reset may also be performed by setting bit SOFTRESET in register DENC_CFG6.
The device responds in a similar way as after a hardware reset except that the configuration
registers DENC_CFG0 to DENC_CFG8 are not altered.

55.5 Digital encoder synchronization

The following slave modes are available:
● OddEven(Vsync) + Hsync based (line-based sync),
● OddEven(Vsync)-only based (frame-based sync),
OddEven and Hsync signals come from the STx7100's video timing generators VTGn (see
output stage Section 53.3: Video timing generators (VTG) on page 587).
55.5.1 Line-based synchronization
OddEven + Hsync based synchronization

Synchronization is performed on a line-by-line basis by locking onto incoming OddEven and
Hsync signals. Refer to Figure 205 for waveforms and timings. The polarities of the active edges
of Hsync and OddEven are programmable and independent.
The first active edge of OddEven initializes the internal line counter but encoding of the first line
does not start until an Hsync active edge is detected (at the earliest, an Hsync transition may be
at the same time as OddEven). At this point, the internal sample counter is initialized and
encoding of the first line starts. Then, encoding of each subsequent line is individually triggered
by Hsync active edges.
The phase relationship between Hsync and the incoming YCbCr data is normally such that the
first clock rising edge following the Hsync active edge samples Cb (that is, a blue chroma sample
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within the YCbCr stream). However, the incoming sync signals (Hsync + OddEven) may be
internally delayed by up to three clock cycles to cope with different data/sync phases, using
configuration bits SYNCIN_AD in DENC_CFG4. The DENC is thus fully slaved to the Hsync
signal, which means that lines may contain more or fewer samples than usual.
● If the digital line is shorter than its nominal value, the sample counter is re-initialized when
the early Hsync arrives and all internal synchronization signals are re-initialized.
● If the digital line is longer than its nominal value, the sample counter stops when it reaches
its nominal end-of-line value and waits for the late Hsync before re-initializing.
Figure 205: Hsync + OddEven based slave mode sync signals
PIXCLK
Active edge (programmable polarity)

OddEven (in)
Active edge (programmable polarity)

Hsync (in)
YCbCr Cb Y Cr Y Cb
Note: This figure is valid for bits SYNCIN_AD = default.

55.5.2 Frame-based synchronization
OddEven-only based synchronization

Synchronization is performed on a frame-by-frame basis by locking onto an incoming OddEven
signal. A line sync signal is derived internally. See to Figure 206 for waveforms and timings. The
phase relationship between OddEven and the incoming YCbCr data is normally such that the
first clock rising edge following the OddEven active edge samples Cb (that is, a blue chroma
sample within the YCbCr stream). However, the incoming OddEven signal may be internally
delayed by up to three clock cycles to cope with different data/sync phasing, using configuration
bits SYNCIN_AD in DENC_CFG4.
Figure 206: OddEven based slave mode sync signals
PIXCLK
OddEven (in)
YCbCr Cb Y Cr Y Cb
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Note: This figure is valid for bits SYNCIN_AD = default

The first active edge of OddEven triggers generation of the analog sync signals and encoding of
the incoming video data. Since frames are supposed to be of constant duration, the next
OddEven active transition is expected at a precise time after the last OddEven detected.
So once an active OddEven edge has been detected, checks are performed for the presence of
the following OddEvens at the expected instants.
Encoding and analog sync generation continue unless three successive fails of these checks
occur.
In this case, there are three possibilities according to the configuration programmed in registers
DENC_CFG0 and DENC_CFG1:
● If FREERUN is enabled, the DENC carries on generating analog video just as though the
expected OddEven edge is present. However, it resynchronizes onto the next OddEven
active edge detected, whatever its location.
● If FREERUN is disabled but SYNCOK is set in the configuration registers, the DENC sets
the active portion of the TV line to black level but carries on outputting the analog sync tips
(on Ys and CVBS). When programmed, MacrovisionTM pseudo-sync pulses and AGC
pulses are also present in the analog sync waveform.
● If FREERUN is disabled and SYNCOK is not set, all analog video is at black level and no
analog sync tips are output.
This mode is a frame-based sync mode, as opposed to a field-based sync mode. This means
that only one edge type (rising or falling, according to programming) is of interest to the DENC;
the other is ignored.

55.5.3 Autotest mode

An autotest mode is available, which causes the DENC to produce a color bar pattern, in the
appropriate standard, independently from the video input.
The autotest mode is started by setting the SYNC to 7 (register DENC_CFG0). Table 178 shows
the decimal values of Y, Cr and Cb corresponding to the autotest color bar.
Table 178: Autotest colors
Y Cr Cb
Black 16 128 128
Blue 36 116 212
Red 64 212 100
Magenta 84 200 184
Green 112 56 72
Cyan 136 44 156
Yellow 160 140 44
White 236 128 128
The corresponding decimal output values just before the DACs are shown in Figure 207 and
Figure 208. Both figures show the static values corresponding to the input values in Table 178.
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Figure 207: Luminance output levels in autotest for NTSC without set-up
800
White
608
548
Yellow
486
Cyan
Green
414
362
Magenta
290
Red
Blank level 240 240

Blue
Black Black
16 Sync level
Figure 208: Luminance output levels in autotest for PAL (BGHI) and SECAM
816
White
624
564
Yellow
502
Cyan
Green
430
378
Magenta
306
Red
Blank level 256 256

Blue
Black Black
16 Sync level

55.6 Input demultiplexor

The incoming YCbCr data is demultiplexed into a blue-difference chroma information stream, a
red-difference chroma information stream and a luma information stream. Incoming data bits are
treated as blue, red or luma samples according to their relative position with respect to the sync
signals in use and the contents of configuration bit SYNCIN_AD. Brightness, saturation and
contrast are then performed on demultiplexed data (registers DENC_BRIGHT,
DENC_CONTRAST and DENC_SATURATION).
The ITU-R601 recommendation defines the black luma level as Y = 16 and the maximum white
luma level as Y = 235. Similarly, it defines 225 quantification levels for the color difference
components (Cr, Cb), centered around 128. After the saturation, brightness and contrast stage,
the incoming YCrCB samples can be saturated in the input multiplexer with the following rules:
For Cr or Cb samples: Cr, Cb > 240 => Cr, Cb saturated at 240
Cr, Cb < 16 => Cr, Cb saturated at 16
For Y samples: Y > 235 => Y saturated at 235
Y < 16 => Y saturated at 16
This avoids saturating the composite video codes heavily before digital-to-analog conversion in
the case of erroneous or unrealistic YCbCr samples being input to the encoder. These could lead
to overflow errors in the codes driving the DACs. In this way, a distorted output waveform is
avoided.
However, in some applications, it may be desirable to let extreme YCbCr codes pass through the
demultiplexor. This is controlled using bit MAXDYN in register DENC_CFG6. In this case, only
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codes 0x00 and 0xFF are overridden; if such codes are found in the active video samples, they
are forced to 0x01 and 0xFE.
55.7 Subcarrier generation

A direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDFS) generates the required color subcarrier frequency
using a 24-bit phase accumulator. This oscillator feeds a quadrature modulator that modulates
the base-band chrominance components.
The subcarrier frequency is obtained from the following equation:
FSC = (increment_word / 224) x PIXCLK
where increment_word is a 24-bit value.
Hard-wired increment_word values are available for each standard and can be automatically
selected. Alternatively, using bit SELRST_INC in DENC_CFG5, the frequency can be fully
customized by programming other values into a dedicated increment_word register,
DENC_DFS_INC0/1/2. This allows, for instance, the encoding of NTSC-4.43 or PAL-M-4.43.
The procedure is as follows:
● Program the required increment in DENC_DFS_INC0/1/2.
● Set bit SELRST_INC to 1 in register DENC_CFG5.
● Perform a software reset using register DENC_CFG6. This sets all bits in all DENC registers
except DENC_CFGn to their default value.
Alternatively, set DENC_CFG8 bits PH_RST_MODE to 01. Then frequency (and phase)
update is performed on the beginning of the next video line.
Warning: if a standard change occurs after the software reset, the increment value is
automatically re-initialized with the hard-wired or loaded value according to bit SELRST_INC.
The reset phase of the color subcarrier can also be software-controlled by register
DENC_DFS_PHASE0/1.

The subcarrier phase can be periodically reset to its nominal value to compensate for any drift
introduced by the finite accuracy of the calculations. In PAL and NTSC, subcarrier phase can be
adjusted every line, every eight fields, every four fields, or every two fields (DENC_CFG2 bits
VALRST). If SECAM is performed, the subcarrier phase is reset every line.
55.8 Burst insertion (PAL and NTSC)

The color reference burst is inserted so as to always start with a positive zero crossing of the
subcarrier sine wave. The first and last half-cycles have a reduced amplitude so that the burst
envelope starts and ends smoothly.
The burst contains 9 or 10 sine cycles of 4.43361875 MHz or 3.579545 MHz (depending on the
standard programmed in register DENC_CFG0) as follows:
NTSC-M 9 cycles of 3.579545 MHz
PAL-BDGHI 10 cycles of 4.43361875 MHz
PAL-M 9 cycles of 3.579545 MHz
PAL-N 9 cycles of 3.579545 MHz
The burst can be turned off (no burst insertion) by setting DENC_CFG2 bit BURSTEN to 0.
Burst insertion is performed by always starting the burst with a positive-going zero crossing. This
guarantees a smooth start and end of burst with a maximum of undistorted burst cycles and can
only be beneficial to chroma decoders.
This avoids an uncontrolled initial burst phase, and guarantees a start on a positive-going zero
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crossing with the consequence that two burst start locations are visible over successive lines,
according to line parity. This is normal and explained below.
In NTSC, the relation between subcarrier frequency and line length creates a 180° subcarrier
phase difference with respect to horizontal sync from one line to the next, according to line parity.
So if the burst always starts with the same phase (positive-going zero crossing), the burst is
inserted at time X or at time (X + TNTSC/2) after the horizontal sync tip according to line parity,
where TNTSC is the duration of one cycle of the NTSC burst.
With PAL, a similar rationale holds, and again there are two possible burst start locations. The
subcarrier phase difference with respect to the horizontal sync from one line to the next in this
case is either 0° or 180° with the following series: A-A-B-B-A-A-... (A denotes A-type bursts and
B denotes B-type bursts, A-type and B-type being 180° out of phase with respect to the
horizontal sync). Two locations are thus possible, one for A-type, the other for B-type.
This assumes that the subcarrier is automatically reset periodically (VALRST in DENC_CFG2).
Otherwise, the burst start drifts over several frames, within an interval of half a subcarrier’s cycle.
This is normal and means the burst is correctly locked onto the encoded colors. The equivalent
effect with a gated burst approach would be the following: the start location would be fixed but the
phase of the burst start with respect to the horizontal sync would drift.

55.9 Subcarrier insertion (SECAM)

Figure 209: SECAM color bar pattern (blue line)
cvbs
400
350
300
250
200
5.6 µs
150
100
50
2.1 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15

6
x 10
Subcarrier frequency in SECAM mode depends on Cr and Cb values (frequency modulation).

The color subcarrier frequency is 4 250 000 Hz for Cb = 128 (on blue lines) and 4 406 249 Hz for
Cr = 128 (on red lines). Frequency clipping values are 3 900 000 Hz and 4 756 250 Hz.
The insertion point of the non-modulated subcarrier is shown in Figure 209.
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In odd fields, the phase of the subcarrier follows the sequence: 0, 0, π, 0, 0, π, 0, 0, π, ...
compared to a sine wave starting at the same point - 5.6 µs after horizontal sync pulse (inverted
on one line out of every three and also at each frame). This sequence begins from line 1 or line
23 of the first field (see GEN_SECAM in register DENC_CFG7). Bit INV_PHI_SECAM
(DENC_CFG7) allows the inversion of this sequence (π, π, 0, π, π, 0,...) in odd fields. In even
fields, the sequence of the subcarrier is always inverted with respect to the odd field.
To enable SECAM mode, program a 1 in DENC_CFG7.SECAM (MSB) and then soft-reset or
load DENC_CFG0.
55.10 Luminance encoding

The demultiplexed Y samples are band-limited and interpolated at PIXCLK clock rate. The
resulting luminance signal is correctly scaled before insertion of any closed-captions, CGMS,
VPS, Teletext or WSS data and synchronization pulses.
The interpolation filter compensates for the sin(x)/ x attenuation inherent in D/A conversion and
greatly simplifies the output stage filter. See Figures 210, 211 and 212 for characteristic curves.
In addition, the luminance that is added to the chrominance to create the composite CVBS signal
can be trap-filtered at 3.58 MHz (NTSC) or 4.43 MHz (PAL). This supports applications oriented
towards low-end TV sets which are subject to cross-color if the digital source has a wide
luminance bandwidth (for example, some DVD sources).
Note: The trap filter does not affect the S-VHS luminance output or the RGB outputs. For SECAM,
enable the trap filter with 4.43 MHz cut-off frequency on the luma part of the CVBS signal
(DENC_CFG3 bits ENTRAP and TRAP_4.43).
A 7.5 IRE pedestal can be programmed if needed with all standards (registers DENC_CFG1 and
DENC_CFG7). This allows, in particular, encoding of Argentinian and non-Argentinian PAL-N, or
Japanese NTSC (NTSC with no set-up).

The luma channel has a 19th order filter with coefficients programmable by registers
DENC_LU_COEF0..9. This filter is described in Section 55.11: Chrominance encoding on
page 650.
FLT_YS (DENC_CFG9) selects either the register or the hard-wired values for the filter
coefficients.
The luma processing as well as line and field timings in SECAM mode are identical to PAL
BDGHI ones.
Figure 210: Luma filtering including DAC attenuation
0
-5
-10
Amplitude (dB)
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Frequency (MHz)
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Figure 211: Luma filtering with 3.58 MHz trap, including DAC attenuation
0
-5
-10
Amplitude (dB)
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Frequency (MHz)
Figure 212: Luma filtering with 4.43 MHz trap, including DAC attenuation
0
-5
-10
Amplitude (dB)
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Frequency (MHz)

55.11 Chrominance encoding

U, V (PAL and NTSC) and Dr, Db (SECAM) chroma components are computed from
demultiplexed Cb, Cr samples. Before modulating the subcarrier, these are band-limited and
interpolated at PIXCLK clock rate. This processing simplifies filtering following D/A conversion
and allows more accurate encoding.
A set of four different filters is available in PAL and NTSC for chroma filtering to fit a wide variety
of applications in the different standards, and include filters recommended by ITU-R 624-4 and
SMPTE170-M.
The available -3 dB bandwidths are 1.1, 1.3, 1.6 or 1.9 MHz. See Figures 215, 216, 217, 218 and
219 for the various frequency responses and register DENC_CFG1 for programming. The
narrower bandwidths are useful against cross-luminance artifacts, the wider bandwidths allow
higher chroma contents.
Alternatively, a filter with programmable coefficients can be used (see registers DENC_CFG0 to
DENC_CFG13). This is necessary when other clock frequencies are used (24.545454 and
29.5 MHz clocks in square pixel mode), or for specific applications where another frequency
response is needed. The order of the chroma filter is 17, with symmetric coefficients, and it works
at frequency PIXCLK (default 27 MHz). If the 4:2:2 input format is used on CVBS and S-VHS
outputs, the first upsampling by 2 (6.75 to 13.5 MHz sampling frequency with 27 MHz PIXCLK) is
implemented by repeating the samples (10 20 30... at 6.75 MHz give 10 10 20 20 30 30... at
13.5 MHz clock frequency). This is equivalent to filtering by cos(π x f/(2 x fCLK)), where fCLK is the
PIXCLK clock frequency. The second upsampling (13.5 to 27 MHz with 27 MHz PIXCLK) is
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implemented by padding with zeros.

Register bit DENC_CFCOEF0.FLT_S selects either the register or the hard-wired values for the
filter coefficients.
In SECAM, 1.3 MHz low-pass and pre-emphasis filtering are performed on Dr and Db chroma
components, before frequency modulation, according to ITU-R Rec624-4.
Refer to Figure 213 for the frequency response of these filters. Bell filtering is performed at the
end of the frequency modulation stage.
Peak-to-peak amplitude of the modulated chrominance signal at the central frequency
(4 279.7 kHz) is 22.88% of the black-white interval (22.88 IRE).
The chrominance path can be delayed, with respect to the luma path for S-VHS and CVBS
outputs. DEL_EN (DENC_CFG3) selects either the default delays or the programmable delay
(DENC_CFG1.DEL). The default delays are pre-programmed for the PAL, SECAM and NTSC
modes in 4:2:2 and 4:4:4 format on CVBS.
Refer to Figure 214 for frequency response of the bell filter with subcarrier frequencies and
clipping values.

Figure 213: SECAM chroma filtering (pre-emphasis and 1.3 MHz low pass filtering)
10
Amplitude (dB)
0
-5
-10
-15
10-1 100
Frequency (MHz)
Figure 214: SECAM high-frequency subcarrier pre-emphasis (Bell filtering), including DAC
attenuation
Filtrage anti−cloche du SECAM (avec les DACs)

12
10
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8
Gain en dB
Gain (dB)
3.8 3.9 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8
Frequence (MHz)
Frequency (MHz)
Figure 215: Various chroma filters available and RGB filter
1
0
-1
-2
Amplitude (dB)
f-3=1.6 RGB
-3 f-3=1.1
f-3=1.9
-4 f-3=1.3
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Frequency (MHz)

55.12 Composite video signal generation

The composite video signal is created by adding the luminance (after trap filtering - optional in
PAL and NTSC, see DENC_CFG3) and the chrominance components. A saturation function is
included in the adder to avoid overflow errors should extreme luminance levels be modulated
with highly saturated colors. This does not occur with natural colors but may be generated by
computers or graphics engines.
A color killing function is available (DENC_CFG1.COKI), whereby the composite signal contains
no chrominance, that is, replicates the trap-filtered luminance. This function does not suppress
the chrominance on the S/VHS outputs, but suppressing the S-VHS chrominance is possible
using bit BKDACn in DENC_CFG5, where the chrominance signal is output on DAC n.
Figure 216: 1.1 MHz chroma filter
0
-5
-10
Amplitude (dB)
-15
-20
-25
-30
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-35
-40
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Frequency (MHz)
0
-5
-10
Amplitude (dB)
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Frequency (MHz)

0
-5
-10
Amplitude (dB)
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Frequency (MHz)
0
-5
-10
Amplitude (dB)
-15
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-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Frequency (MHz)
55.13 RGB and UV encoding

After demultiplexing, the Cr and Cb samples feed a four times interpolation filter. The resulting
base-band chroma signal has a 2.45 MHz bandwidth (Figure 220) and is combined with the
filtered luma component to generate R,G,B or U,V samples at 27 MHz.
Figure 220: RGB - chroma filtering
0
-5
-10
Amplitude (dB)
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Frequency (MHz)

55.14 Closed captioning

Closed-captions (or data from an extended data service as defined by the closed-captions
specification) can be encoded by the circuit. Closed-caption data is delivered to the circuit
through the register interface. Two dedicated byte pairs (two bytes per field), each pair preceded
by a clock run-in and start bit, can be encoded and inserted on the luminance path on a selected
TV line. The clock run-in and start code are generated by the DENC.
Closed-caption data registers are double-buffered so that loading can be performed anytime,
even during line 21/284 or any other selected line.
User registers DENC_CCCF1 and DENC_CCCF2 each contain the first and second byte to
send (LSB first) after the start bit on the appropriate TV line, where DENC_CCCF1 refers to
field 1 and DENC_CCCF2 to field 2. The TV line number where data is to be encoded is
programmable using registers DENC_CCLIF1 and DENC_CCLIF2. Closed-caption data has
priority over any CGMS signals programmed for the same line.
The internal clock run-in generator is based on a direct digital frequency synthesizer. The
nominal instantaneous data rate is 503.496 kHz (that is, 32 times the NTSC line rate). Data low
corresponds nominally to 0 IRE, data high corresponds to 50 IRE at the DAC outputs.
When closed-captioning is on (bits CC1 and CC2 in DENC_CFG1), the CPU should load the
relevant registers (DENC_CCLIF1 or DENC_CCLIF2) once every frame at most (although there
is in fact some margin due to the double-buffering). Two bits are set in register DENC_STA in
case of attempts to load the closed-caption data registers too frequently; these can be used to
regulate the loading rate.
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The closed-caption encoder considers that closed-caption data has been loaded and is valid on
completion of the write operation into DENC_CCCF1 for field1, or DENC_CCCF2 for field 2. If
closed-caption encoding has been enabled and no new data bytes have been written into the
closed-caption data registers when the closed-caption window starts on the appropriate TV line,
then the circuit outputs two US-ASCII NULL characters with odd parity after the start bit.
Figure 221: Example of closed-caption waveform
300
27.35µs
250
Transition
Time : 220ns
200 10µs
LSB
150
100 13.9µs
7 cycles
50 of 504kHz
61µs
0
t

55.15 CGMS encoding

CGMS (copy generation management system, also known as VBID) is described by standard
CPX-1204 of EIAJ. CGMS data can be encoded by the digital encoder.
Three bytes, containing 20 significant bits, are delivered to the chip via the register interface. Two
reference bits (1 then 0) are encoded first, followed by 20 bits of CGMS data. This includes a
cyclic redundancy check sequence, that is not computed by the device but is supplied as part of
the 20 data bits. The reference bits are generated locally by the DENC. Figure 222 shows a
typical CGMS waveform.
Figure 222: Example of CGMS waveform
300
250
200
11µs
LSB
150
100 48.7µs
50 Word 0
6 bits
Word 1 Word 2
4 bits 4 bits
CRCC
6 bits
Bit 1 Bit 20
0
t
CGMS encoding is enabled by setting bit ENCGMS in register DENC_CFG3. When enabled, the
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CGMS waveform is present once in each field, on lines 20 and 283 (SMPTE-525 line
numbering).
The CGMS data register is double-buffered, so it can be loaded at any time (even during line
20/283) without any risk of corrupting CGMS data that could be in the process of being encoded.
The CGMS encoder considers that new CGMS data has been loaded and is valid on completion
of the write operation into register DENC_CGMS0/1/2.
55.16 WSS encoding

The digital encoder allows WSS (wide screen signalling) in 625-line format, complying with the
ETS 300 294 standard. Two bytes are delivered to the circuit through the register interface into
two dedicated registers (register DEN_WSSn).
WSS encoding is enabled using bit ENWSS in register DENC_CFG3. When WSS encoding is
enabled, a waveform is present on the first half of line 23 of each frame. Data is preceded by a
run-in sequence and a start code generated locally by the DENC.

55.17 VPS encoding

VPS data encoding is defined by ETS 300 231 communication, June 1993. VPS data can be
encoded by the DENC on line 16 (CCIR) for 625-line PAL and SECAM television systems. The
VPS data is delivered to the circuit using register DENC_VPS0. Data transmission is preceded
by a clock run-in and a start code generated by the DENC. The clock frequency is 5 MHz. This
feature is enabled by setting bit ENVPS of register DENC_CFG7. Figure 223 shows an example
of a VPS waveform.
Figure 223: Example of VPS waveform

LSBs
Run-In Start -Code Data

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55.18 Teletext encoding

The DENC can encode Teletext according to the CCIR/ITU-R Broadcast Teletext System B
specification (also known as World System Teletext), and NABTS (North American Basic
Teletext Specification) EIA-516.
In DVB applications, Teletext data is embedded within DVB streams as MPEG data packets. The
transport layer processing IC (ST40) sorts incoming data packets and stores Teletext packets in
a buffer. It then passes them to the DENC on request.
Teletext is enabled by TTX_EN (DENC_CFG6). Teletext data priority over other VBI data must
also be programmed using TTXNOTMV (DENC_CFG8).
Signal exchange
The DENC and the Teletext buffer exchange two signals: TTXS (Teletext synchronization) from
the DENC to the Teletext buffer, and TTXD (Teletext data) from the Teletext buffer to the DENC.
Signal TTXS is a request signal generated on selected lines. In response to this signal, the
Teletext buffer is expected to send Teletext bits to the DENC for insertion of a Teletext line into the
analog video signal. The number of Teletext bits sent depends on the Teletext system being used
(selected by register bit DENC_TTX1.TTXT_ABCD); 360 bits are sent for Teletext B - WST in
PAL and SECAM, or 288 for Teletext C - NABTS in NTSC.
The duration of the TTXS window corresponds to the number of bits being sent (see
Transmission protocol below).
● For Teletext B and 625 line systems, the TTXS window duration is 1402 reference clock
periods (corresponding to 360 bits).
● For Teletext C and 525 line systems (NABTS), this duration is 1121 master clock periods.

Following the TTXS rising edge, the encoder expects data from the Teletext buffer after a
programmable number (2 to 9) of 27 MHz master clock periods. Data is transmitted
synchronously with the master clock at an average rate of 6.9375 Mbit/s according to the
protocol described below. In order of transmission, it consists of: 16 clock run-in bits, 8 framing
code bits and one Teletext packet of 336 or 228 bits (depending on the Teletext system being
used). If more than one packet of bits (336 or 228) are transmitted, they are ignored by the
DENC. By default, register bit DENC_CM_TTX.TTX_MASK_OFF masks the two bits of Teletext
framing code, allowing the code to be set by the DENC according to the selected Teletext
standard.
Transmission protocol
In order to transmit the Teletext data bits at an average rate of 6.9375 Mbit/s, which is about
1/3.89 times the master clock frequency, the following scheme is adopted:
The 360-bit packet is regarded as nine 37-bit sequences plus one 27-bit sequence. In every
sequence, each Teletext data bit is transmitted as a succession of four identical samples at
27 Msample/s, except for the 10th, 19th, 28th and 37th bits of the sequence which are
transmitted as a succession of three identical samples.
Programming TTXS rising to first valid sample

The encoder expects the Teletext buffer to clock-out the first Teletext data sample on the (2+N)th
rising edge of the master clock following the rising edge of TTXS. Figure 224 depicts this
graphically for N = 0.
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Figure 224: TTXS rising to first valid sample delay for TXDEL[2:0] = 0
PIXCLK
TTXS
(TXDEL[2:0] + 2) TPIXCLK
TTXD Not Valid Bit 1 Bit 2
N is programmable from 0 to 7 by register bits DENC_TTX1.TTXDEL[2:0]. The value written in

TXDEL[2:0] is two less than the overall delay in PIXCLK cycles, so a value of 0 for TXDEL[2:0]
corresponds to an overall delay of 2 cycles, and a value of 7 corresponds to a delay of 9 cycles.
Programming teletext line selection

Five dedicated registers, DENC_TTX2-5, program Teletext encoding in various lines in the
vertical blanking interval (VBI) of each field. In this way, each line in VBI can be selected
independently.
Full-page teletext encoding is set by FP_TTXT (DENC_TTX1). Teletext is encoded on lines 24 to
311 and 336 to 623 (ITU-R line numbering). This is in addition to the lines already programmed
in the VBI. When full-page teletext is performed, no video data is encoded (YCbCr input streams
are ignored).

Teletext pulse shape

The shape and amplitude of a single Teletext pulse is shown in Figure 225. Its relative power
spectral density is shown in Figure 226 and Figure 227 It is zero at frequencies above 5 MHz, as
required by the World System Teletext specification.
Figure 225: Shape and amplitude of a single teletext symbol
70
60
50
40
IRE
30
20
10
0
-100 -50 0 50 100
-144 ns +144 ns
Figure 226: Linear PSD scale
1
0.9
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0.8
0.7
PSD (dB)
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Frequency (MHz)
Figure 227: Logarithmic PSD scale
0
-10
-20
PSD (dB)
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Frequency (MHz)
Normalized power spectral density (PSD)

of a single Teletext pulse

55.19 CVBS, S-VHS, RGB and UV outputs

Three out of eight video signals can be directed to three analog output pins through a 10-bit DAC
operating at the reference clock frequency. The available combinations are:
S-VHS (Y/C) + CVBS, or U + Y + V, or RGB.
These combinations are controlled by bits DAC123_CFG[2:0] and DAC456_CFG[2:0]
(DENC_CFG13).
The C to Y peak-to-peak amplitude ratio can be modified in both CVBS and VHS (Y/C) outputs
using C_MULT (DENC_CM_TTX).
Default peak-to-peak amplitude of UV and RGB outputs is set to 70% of Y or CVBS peak-to-peak
amplitude, for 100/0/100/0 color bar pattern, and can be modified using the multiplying factors in
registers DENC_DAC34_MULT, DENC_DAC45_MULTand DENC_DAC6_MULT.
If DENC_CFG7 bit UV_LEV is 0 (default value), U and V outputs have 0.7 V peak-to-peak
amplitude if a 100/0/100/0 color bar pattern is input. If this bit is 1, U and V outputs are those
defined by ITU-R 624-4 for PAL and NTSC standards (Vpp/Upp = 1.4). In this case, U peak-to-
peak amplitude is 0.61 V (0.57 V if DENC_CFG7 bit SETUPYUV is set) and V peak-to-peak
amplitude is 0.86 V (0.80 V if SETUPYUV is set). In all these cases, UV outputs can be multiplied
by a factor of 0.75 to 1.22 depending on the value of DAC4_MULT
(DENC_DAC34_MULT,DENC_DAC45_MULT) and DAC6_MULT (DENC_DAC6_MULT).
Any unused DAC may be independently disabled by software. In this case, its output is at neutral
level (blanking for luma and composite outputs, no color for chroma output, black for RGB and
UV outputs).
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Due to the 3.3 V power supply used, the output swing of the DACs is about 1 Vpp. Therefore
some external gain may be required, which, combined with the recommended output filtering
stage, requires active filtering. For this active filtering stage to be very simple, it is possible to
invert the DAC outputs by programming bit DACINV (DENC_CFG5). Code N becomes code
(1024 - N), that is, the resulting waveform undergoes a symmetry around the mid-swing code.

56 Digital encoder (DENC) registers STx7100
56 Digital encoder (DENC) registers
Register addresses are provided as DencBaseAddress + offset.

The DencBaseAddress is:
0x1920 C000.
Each register is mapped into the least significant byte of a 32-bit register space. Undefined
locations within the register space are reserved.
Where Teletext is not implemented, registers related to Teletext should not be used and bit
TTX_EN (DENC_CFG6) must be left at the reset value of zero.
Table 179 summarizes the digital encoder registers by function.
Table 179: Digital encoder registers summarized by function
Function Register Offset Type
Configuration and status DENC_CFG0 0x00 R/W
DENC_CFG1 0x04 R/W
DENC_CFG2 0x08 R/W
DENC_CFG3 0x0C R/W
DENC_CFG4 0x10 R/W
DENC_CFG5 0x14 R/W
DENC_CFG6 0x18 R/W
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DENC_CFG7 0x1C R/W

DENC_CFG8 0x20 R/W
DENC_CFG9 0x144 R/W
DENC_CFG10 0x170 R/W
DENC_CFG13 0x17C R/W
DENC_STA 0x024 RO
Digital frequency synthesizer DENC_DFS_INC0 0x028 R/W
DENC_DFS_INC1 0x02C R/W
DENC_DFS_INC2 0x030 R/W
DENC_DFS_PHASE0 0x034 R/W
DENC_DFS_PHASE1 0x038 R/W
WSS DENC_WSS_DATA1 0x03C R/W
DENC_WSS_DATA2 0x040 R/W
DAC inputs DENC_DAC13_MULT 0x044 R/W
DENC_DAC34_MULT 0x048 R/W
DENC_DAC45_MULT 0x04C R/W
DENC_DAC2_MULT 0x1A8 R/W
DENC_DAC6_MULT 0x1AC R/W
Chip ID DENC_HW_VER 0x060 RO
VPS data DENC_VPS0 0x064 R/W
DENC_VPS1 0x068 R/W
DENC_VPS2 0x06C R/W
DENC_VPS3 0x070 R/W
DENC_VPS4 0x074 R/W
DENC_VPS5 0x078 R/W

STx7100 56 Digital encoder (DENC) registers
Table 179: Digital encoder registers summarized by function

Function Register Offset Type
CGMS data DENC_CGMS0 0x07C R/W
DENC_CGMS1 0x080 R/W
DENC_CGMS2 0x084 R/W
Teletext DENC_TTX1 0x088 R/W
DENC_TTX2 0x08C R/W
DENC_TTX3 0x090 R/W
DENC_TTX4 0x094 R/W
DENC_TTX5 0x098 R/W
DENC_TTX_CFG 0x100 R/W
DENC_CM_TTX 0x104 R/W
Closed caption DENC_CCCF10 0x09C R/W
DENC_CCCF11 0x0A0 R/W
DENC_CCLIF1 0x0AC R/W
DENC_CCLIF2 0x0B0 R/W
Input demultiplexor DENC_BRIGHT 0x114 R/W
DENC_CONTRAST 0x118 R/W
DENC_SATURATION 0x11C R/W
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Chroma coefficient DENC_CF_COEF0 0x120 R/W

DENC_CF_COEF1 0x124 R/W
DENC_CF_COEF3 0x12C R/W
DENC_CF_COEF7 0x13C R/W
Luma coefficient DENC_LU_COEF0 0x148 R/W
DENC_LU_COEF1 0x14C R/W
DENC_LU_COEF2 0x150 R/W
Hue control DENC_HUE 0x1A4 R/W

56.1 Configuration and status
DENC_CFG0 Configuration 0
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
STD SYNC POLH POLV FREERUN
Address: DencBaseAddress + 0x000

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x92
Description:
[7:6] STD: Video signal standard
00: PAL BDGHI
01: PAL N
10: NTSC M
11: PAL M
The standard on hardware reset is NTSC. Any standard modification automatically selects the right
parameters for correct subcarrier generation. If bit SECAM from register DENC_CFG7 is set, STD1 and
STD0 are not taken into account.
[5:3] SYNC: Configuration.
000: OddEven-only based slave mode (frame locked)
001: F based slave mode (frame locked)
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010: OddEven + HSync based slave mode (line locked)

011 - 110: Reserved
111: Autotest mode (color bar pattern)
[2] POLH: Horizontal sync
Active edge of HSync selection (when input) or polarity of HSync (when output)
0: HSync is a negative pulse (128 TPIX_CLK wide) or falling edge is active
1: HSync is a positive pulse (128 TPIX_CLK wide) or rising edge is active
[1] POLV: Vertical sync
Active edge of OddEven selection.
0: Falling edge of OddEven flags start of field1 (odd field) or Vsync is active low
1: Rising edge of OddEven flags start of field1 (odd field) or Vsync is active high
[0] FREERUN: Sync
Active edge of OddEven. This bit is taken into account in OddEven-only and F-based slave modes. It is
irrelevant to other sync modes.
0: Disabled
1: Enabled

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
BLKLI FLT SYNCOK COKI SETUP CC

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x44
Description:
[31:8] Reserved
[7] BLKLI: Vertical blanking interval selection for active video lines areaa
0: (partial blanking) Only the following lines inside the vertical interval are blanked:
NTSC-M: lines [1 to 9], [263(half) to 272] (525-SMPTE), PAL-M: lines [523 to 6], [260(half) to 269] (525-
CCIR)
other PAL: lines [623(half) to 5], [311 to 318] (625-CCIR)
This mode preserves embedded VBI data within the incoming YCbCr, for example, teletext (lines [7 to 22]
and [320 to 335]), Wide screen signalling (full line 23), video programing service (line16)and so on).
1: (full blanking) All lines inside VBI are blanked
NTSC-M: lines [1 to 19], [263(half) to 282] (525-SMPTE), PAL-M: lines [523 to 16], [260(half) to 279] (525-
CCIR)
other PAL: lines [623(half) to 22], [311 to 335] (625-CCIR)
[6:5] FLT: U/V Chroma filter bandwidth selection
Typical applications for 3 dB bandwidth are given for each FLT bit configuration.
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00: f-3dB = 1.1 MHz low definition NTSC filter

01: f-3dB = 1.3 MHz low definition PAL filter
10: f-3dB = 1.6 MHz HD NTSC filter (ATSC compliant) and PAL M/N (ITU-R 624.4 compliant)
11: f-3dB = 1.9 MHz HD PAL filter: Rec 624 - 4 for PAL BDG/I compliant
[4] SYNCOK: sync signal availability (analog and digital) for input synchronization loss with FREERUN
inactive (0)
0: No sync output signals
1: Output syncs available on YS, CVBS and, when applicable, Hsync (if output port), OddEven (if output
port), that is, same behavior as FREERUN except that video outputs are blanked in the active portion of
the line
[3] COKI: Color killer
0: Color on
1: Color suppressed on CVBS output signal (CVBS=YS) but color still present on C output
For color suppression on chroma DAC ‘C, see register DENC_CFG5.BKDAC2.
[2] SETUP: Pedestal enable
0: Blanking level and black level are identical on all lines (example: Arg. PAL-N, Japan NTSC-M, PAL-
BDGHI)
1: Black level is 7.5 IRE above blanking level on all lines outside VBI (ex: Paraguayan and Uruguayan
PAL-N). In all cases, gain factor is adjusted to obtain the required chrominance levels.
[1:0] CC
00: No closed caption/extended data encoding
01: Closed caption/extended data encoding enabled in field 1 (odd)
10: Closed caption/extended data encoding enabled in field 2 (even)
11: Closed caption/extended data encoding enabled in both fields
a. BLKLI must be set to 0 when closed captions are to be encoded on the following lines:
in 525/60 system: before line 20(SMPTE) or before line 283(SMPTE)
in 625/50 system: before line 23(CCIR) or before line 336(CCIR)

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NINTRL RST_EN BURST_EN Reserved SEL_RST RSTOSC_BUF VAL_RST

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x20
Description:
[31:8] Reserved
[7] NINTRL: Non-interlaced mode selecta
0: Interlaced mode (625/50 or 525/60 system)
1: Non-interlaced mode (2 x 312/50 or 2 x 262/60 system)
[6] RST_EN: Cyclic update of DDFS phase
0: No cyclic subcarrier phase reset
1: Cyclic subcarrier phase reset depends on VAL_RST
[5] BURST_EN: Chrominance burst control
0: Burst is turned off on CVBS, chrominance output is not affected
1: Burst is enabled
[4] Reserved
Do not change from reset value.
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[3] SEL_RST: Select reset values for direct digital frequency synthesizer
0: Hardware reset values for subcarrier oscillator phase (see register DENC_DFS_PHASE0/1 for values)
1: Loaded reset values selected (see registers DENC_DFS_PHASE0/1)
[2] RSTOSC_BUF: Software phase reset of DDFS (direct digital frequency synthesizer) bufferb
0: No reset
1: When a 0-to-1 transition occurs, either the hard-wired default phase value, or the value loaded in
register DENC_DFS_PHASE0/1 (according to bit SELRST), is put to phase buffer. This value is loaded
into accumulator (phase of subcarrier) when PH_RST_MODE from DENC_CFG8 is programmed, or
when the standard changes or soft reset occurs.
RSTOSC_BUF is set back to 0 after the buffer is loaded.
[1:0] VAL_RST: Automatic reset of the oscillatorc
00: Every line
01: Every 2nd field
10: Every 4th field
11: Every 8th field
a. NINTRL update is internally taken into account at the beginning of the next frame. In SECAM mode, only the
interlaced mode is available.
b. RSTOSC_BUF is automatically set back to 0 after the buffer is loaded
c. VAL_RST is taken into account only if bit RST_EN is set. Resetting the oscillator means here forcing the value
of the phase accumulator to its nominal value to avoid accumulating errors due to the finite number of bits used
internally. The value to which the accumulator is reset is either the hard-wired default phase value or the value
loaded in registers DENC_DFS_PHASE0/1 (according to bit SEL_RST), to which a 0°, 90°, 180°, or 270°
correction is applied according to the field and line on which the reset is performed. If SECAM is performed,
the oscillator is reset every line.

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
MAIN_TRAP_EN TRAP_443 CGMS_EN Reserved MAIN_DEL_EN Reserved WSS_EN
Address: DencBaseAddress + 0x00C

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x00
Description:
[31:8] Reserved
[7] MAIN_TRAP_EN: Enable trap filtera
0: Trap filter disabled 1: Trap filter enabled
[6] TRAP_443: Trap filter frequency
TRAP_443 is taken into account only for main if bit MAIN_TRAP_EN is set. No independent selection can
be made on main and auxiliary paths.
0: Select the trap filter centered around 3.58 MHz 1: select the trap filter centered around 4.43 MHz
See Section 55.10: Luminance encoding on page 648
[5] CGMS_ENb: CGMS encoding enable
[4] Reserved
[3] MAIN_DEL_EN: Enable of chroma to luma delay programming on the main 4:4:4 input
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0: Disabled (digital encoder automatically sets this delay)

1: Enabled (chroma to luma delay is programmed by DEL[3:0] bits from DEN_CFG9.
[2:1] Reserved: Reset value = 0
[0] WSS_EN: WSS encoding enable
a. When SECAM is performed, trap filter must be enabled (set ENTRAP = 1).
b. When CGMS_EN is set to 1, closed-caption/extended-data services should not be programmed on lines 20
and 283 (525/60, SMPTE line number convention).

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SYNCIN_AD Reserved ALINE DEL4

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x00
Description:
[31:8] Reserved
[7:6] SYNCIN_AD: Adjustment of incoming sync signals
Used to ensure correct interpretation of incoming video samples such as Y, Cr or Cb when the encoder is
slaved to incoming sync signals.
00: Nominal 01: +1 PIXCLK
10: +2 PIXCLK 11: +3 PIXCLK
[5:4] Reserved
Do not change from reset values.
[3] ALINE: Video active line duration control
0: Full digital video line encoding (720 pixels - 1440 clock cycles)
1: Active line duration follows ITU-R/SMPTE analog-standard requirements
[2:0] DEL4: Delay on luma path w.r.t. chroma path on YUV and RGB outputs when 4:4:4 input is used
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010: + 2 pixel delay on luma 001: + 1 pixel delay on luma

000: + 0 pixel delay on luma 111: - 1 pixel delay on luma
110: - 2 pixel delay on luma
Other configurations: + 0 pixel delay on luma
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SELRST_INC BKDAC1 BKDAC2 BKDAC3 BKDAC4 BKDAC5 BKDAC6 DACINV

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x00
Description:
[31:8] Reserved
[7] SELRST_INC: Digital frequency synthesizer increment
Choice of digital frequency synthesizer increment after soft-reset or when PH_RST_MODE = 01 (see
register DENC_CFG8)
0: hard wired value (depending on TV standard) (default)
1: Soft (value from registers DENC_DFS_INC0/1/2)
[6:1] BKDAC1 to BKDAC6: Blanking of DACs N (1 to 6)
0: DAC N in normal operation (default)
1: DAC N input code forced to black level (if RGB, UV or C) or blanking level (if Y or CVBS) depending on
CONF_OUT of register DENC_CFG8.
[0] DACINV: Invert DAC codes
... to compensate for an inverting output stage in the application
0: noninverted DAC inputs (outputs) (default) 1: inverted DAC inputs (outputs)

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SW_RST Reserved TTX_EN MAXDYN

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x10
Description:
[31:8] Reserved
[7] SW_RST: Software reseta
0: No reset 1: Software reset
[6:2] Reserved
Do not change from default reset value.
[1] TTX_EN: Teletext enable
[0] MAXDYN: Maximum dynamic magnitude allowed on YCbCr inputs for encoding
0: 0x10 to 0xEB for Y, 0x10 to 0xE0 for chrominance (Cr, Cb)
1: 0x01 to 0xFE for Y, Cr and Cb
a. Bit SW_RST is automatically reset after internal reset generation. Software reset is active for four PIXCLK
periods. When soft reset is activated, the DENC is reset as with hardware reset except for the first nine user
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registers (DENC_CFG0 to DENC_CFG8).

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
INV_PHI_
SECAM GEN_SECAM Reserved VPS_EN SQPIX
SECAM

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x00
Description:
[31:8] Reserved
[7:6] SECAM, GEN_SECAM: Where the bit order is SECAM - GEN_SECAM.
00: Standard selected by bits STD1 and STD0 of DENC_CFG0a (PAL or NTSC)
01: Reserved
10: SECAM standard, the subcarrier phase sequence start-point is line 1
11: SECAM standard, the subcarrier phase sequence start-point is line 23
If master mode is performed in the SECAM standard, bit SECAM must be set before bits SYNC2, SYNC1
and SYNC0 of DENC_CFG0. If DENC_CFG0 is not programmed, then a soft reset must be performed
after programming SECAM. In SECAM, the trap filter should always be enabled (see register
DENC_CFG3).
[5] INV_PHI_SECAM: Inversion of subcarrier phase
0: 0, 0, π,... in odd fields and π, π, 0 in even fieldsa 1: π, π, 0 in odd fields and 0, 0, π,... in even fields
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[4:2] Reserved
[1] VPS_EN: VPS encoding enable
0: Disablea 1: Enable
[0] SQPIX: Square pixel mode enable.
0: Disablea 1: Enable
a. Default value

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PH_RST_MODE Reserved BLK_ALL TTX_NOTMV Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x20
Description:
[31:8] Reserved
[7:6] PH_RST_MODE: Subcarrier phase reset mode
In modes 01 and 10, this bit is automatically reset to 00 after oscillator reset. See Section
55.7: Subcarrier generation on page 646.
00: Disableda
01: Enabled - phase is updated with value from phase buffer register (see DENC_CFG2.RSTOSC_BUF)
on the beginning of the next video line. Increment is updated with hard or soft value depending on
SELRST_INC value (see DENC_CFG5)
10: Enabled - phase is updated with value from DENC_DFS_INC0/1 on the next increment, updating by
CFC (depending on CFC loading moment and DEN_CFG6 CFC(1:0) bits.
11: Enabled - phase is reset after detecting RST bit on CFC line, up to 9 PIX_CLK after loading of CFC’s
LSB.
Note: Bits PH_RST_MODE[1:0] are automatically set back to 00 after the oscillator reset has been
performed in modes 01 and 10.
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[5:4] Reserved
[3] BLK_ALL: Blanking of all video lines
0: Disableda
1: Enabled (all inputs ignored - 0x80 instead of Cr and Cb and 0x10 instead of Y)
[2] TTX_NOTMV: priority of ancillary data on a VBI line.
Note: higher priority data overwrites lower priority data.
0a: Priority is: CGMS > Closed caption > Macrovisionb > WSS > VPS > Teletext
1: priority is: Teletext > CGMS > Closed caption > WSS > VPS > Macrovision
Note: After reset, the default value of this bit is zero, however, for devices using teletext, this bit must then
be reprogrammed to 1. This is to avoid the occurrence of teletext glitches in SECAM mode and loss of
teletext data in all modes.
[1:0] Reserved
a. Default value
b. If there is no Macrovision programmed on the line, then VBI line blanking (when register DENC_CFG1 bit
BLKLI = 1) overwrites VPS or teletext, and no VPS or teletext data is encoded.

DENC_CFG9 Configuration 9 - chroma delay and luma filter control
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DEL Reserved PLG_DIV_Y FLT_YS

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x22
Description: This register contains the chroma path delay (referenced to luma one on S-VHS and
CVBS outputs), selection of input format mode, and three bits to control the luma filter.
[31:8] Reserved
[7:4] DELa: Delay on chroma path
... with reference to luma path encoding (1 pixel = 2 periods of frequency fPIXCLK):
0010: -0.5 pixel delay (default for PAL/NTSC in 4:2:2 format on CVBS)
0011: -1.0 pixel delay
1100: +2.5 pixel delay
0000: +0.5 pixel delay (default for SECAM in 4:4:4 format on CVBS)
0110, 1000, 1010: +0.5 pixel delay
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0001: 0.0 pixel delay (default for PAL/NTSC in 4:4:4 format or SECAM in 4:2:2 format on CVBS)
0111, 1001, 1011: 0.0 pixel delay
[3] Reserved
[2:1] PLG_DIV_Y
00: When sum of coefficients = 256 01: When sum of coefficients = 512 (reset value)
10: When sum of coefficients = 1024 11: When sum of coefficients = 2048
[0] FLT_YS
0: Use hard-wired coefficients for the luma filter
1: Use register DENC_LCOEF0..9 values, default (reset) or programmed, to determine coefficients
a. DENC_CFG3.DEL_EN selects either default or programmed delays.

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved RGBSAT_EN SECAM_IN_MUX Reserved

Type: R/W
Buffer: Immediate
Reset: 0x48
Description:
[7:4] Reserved
[3] RGBSAT_EN: RGB format output not saturated to real colors (241 max and 15 min), but allowed to have
more saturated colors (255 max and 0 min).
0: RGB outputs allowed to have more saturated colors.
1: RGB outputs saturated to real colors.
[2] SECAM_IN_MUX: SECAM input video select. (Refer to section Section 55.10: Luminance encoding on
page 648) Depends on SECAM bit of Register 7. This is bit is enabled if SECAM =1.
0: Main video input is SECAM encoded.
1: Aux video input is SECAM encoded.
[1:0] Reserved
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7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved MAIN_IF_DEL Reserved

Type: R/W
Buffer: Immediate
Reset: 0x28
Description: The delay on the luma comparing to chroma in CVBS_MAIN and S-VHS_MAIN outputs.
This delay is five clock cycles in rectangular pixel mode (27 MHz clock) and four clock
cycles in NTSC square pixel mode (24.5454 MHz clock); see Section 55.12: Composite
video signal generation on page 652. Set MAIN_IF_DEL to 1 to enable.
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved NOTCH_EN Reserved

Type: R/W
Buffer: Immediate
Reset: 0x00
Description: Notch filtering on the main 4:4:4 luma input; see Section 55.10: Luminance encoding on
page 648). Set NOTCH_EN to 1 to enable.

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
AUX_NOTMAIN_RGB
RGB_MAXDYN
DAC123_CFG
DAC456_CFG
Type: R/W
Buffer: Immediate
Reset: 0x82
Description: There are two filters for chroma, one for the main and one for the auxiliary path. This
should be taken into account when selecting different output configurations. For
example: if configuration 001 is selected on DAC123 (Y_MAIN, C_MAIN and
CVBS_AUX) and configuration 010 on DAC456 (RGB) then to have correct bandwidths,
RGB should be taken from the main input to have larger (and common) chroma
bandwidth on Y/C and RGB outputs. On the CVBS output, chroma bandwidth should
always be narrow to reduce cross luma effects.
[7] AUX_NOTMAIN_RGB: Select either main or aux video as RGB
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0: Main video is output as RGB.

1: Aux video is output as RGB (default).
Note: There is no auxiliary video input support
[6] RGB_MAXDYN: Select gain when RGB is output
0: Black to peak R/G/B swing is 560 decimal values (default).
1: Black to peak R/G/B swing is 821 decimal values. This uses the maximum dynamic range of the video
DACs better. Blanking level is 64.
[5:3] DAC123_CFG
000: DAC1 = Y_MAIN, DAC2 = C_MAIN, DAC3 = CVBS_MAIN (default)
001: DAC1 = Y_MAIN, DAC2 = C_MAIN, DAC3 = CVBS_AUX
010: DAC1 = R, DAC2 = G, DAC3 = B
011: DAC1 = PR_MAIN, DAC2 = Y_MAIN, DAC3 = PB_MAIN
100: DAC1 = CVBS_MAIN, DAC2 = CVBS_AUX, DAC3 = CVBS_AUX
101: DAC1 = CVBS_MAIN, DAC2 = CVBS_AUX, DAC3 = CVBS_MAIN
110: DAC1 = Y_AUX, DAC2 = C_AUX, DAC3 = CVBS_MAIN
111: DAC1 = Y_AUX, DAC2 = C_AUX, DAC3 = CVBS_AUX (reserved)
Note: There is no auxiliary video input support.
[2:0] DAC456_CFG
000: DAC1 = Y_AUX, DAC2 = C_AUX, DAC3 = CVBS_AUX (reserved)
001: DAC1 = Y_AUX, DAC2 = C_AUX, DAC3 = CVBS_MAIN
010: DAC1 = R, DAC2 = G, DAC3 = B (default)
011: DAC1 = PR_AUX, DAC2 = Y_AUX, DAC3 = PB_AUX (reserved)
100: DAC1 = CVBS_AUX, DAC2 = CVBS_MAIN, DAC3 = CVBS_MAIN
101: DAC1 = CVBS_AUX, DAC2 = CVBS_MAIN, DAC3 = CVBS_AUX
110: DAC1 = Y_MAIN, DAC2 = C_MAIN, DAC3 = CVBS_AUX
111: DAC1 = Y_MAIN, DAC2 = C_MAIN, DAC3 = CVBS_MAIN
Note: There is no auxiliary video input support.

DENC_STA Status
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
HOK ATFR BUF2_FREE BUF1_FREE FIELDCT Reserved

Type: RO
Buffer: Immediate
Reset: Undefined
Description:
[7] HOK: Hamming decoding of frame sync flag embedded within ITU-R656 / D1 compliant YCrCb streams
0: Consecutive errors
1: A single or no error (default)
Note: Signal quality detector is issued from Hamming decoding of EAV,SAV from YCrCb
[6] ATFR: Frame synchronization flag
0: Encoder not synchronized (default)
1: In slave mode: encoder synchronized
[5] BUF2_FREE: Closed caption registers access condition for field 2
(See Section 55.14: Closed captioning on page 654)
Closed caption data for field 2 is buffered before being output on the relevant TV line; BUF2_FREE is reset if
the buffer is temporarily unavailable. If the microcontroller can guarantee that registers DENC_CCCF2 are
never written more than once between two frame reference signals, then bit BUF2_FREE will always be true
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(set). Otherwise, closed caption field 2 registers access might be temporarily forbidden by resetting bit
BUF2_FREE until the next field 2 closed caption line occurs.
Note: This bit is false (reset) when 2 pairs of data bytes are awaiting to be encoded, and is set back
immediately after one of these pairs has been encoded (so at that time, encoding of the last pair of bytes is
still pending)
Reset value = 1 (access authorized)
[4] BUF1_FREE: Closed caption registers access condition for field 1
Same as BUF2_FREE but concerns field 1.
(*) Reset value:= 1 (access authorized)
[3:1] FIELDCT: Digital field identification number
000: Indicates field 1
...
111: Indicates field 8
FIELDCT[0] also represents the odd/even information (odd='0', even='1')
[0] Reserved

56.2 Digital frequency synthesizer
DENC_DFS_INC0/1/2 Increment for digital frequency synthesizer, bytes 0, 1, 2
DFS_INC0 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
0x028 D
DFS_INC1 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8
0x02C D
DFS_INC2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0x030 D
Address: DencBaseAddress + 0x028, 0x02C, 0x030

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: These three registers contain the 24-bit increment used by the DDFS, only if bit
DENC_CFG5.SELRST_INC equals 1. They generate the phase of the subcarrier, that
is, the address that is supplied to the sine ROM. It therefore customizes the synthesized
subcarrier frequency: 1 LSB ~ 1.6 Hz
To validate use of these registers instead of the hard-wired values:
• Load the registers with the required value
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• Set bit SELRST_INC to 1 (register DENC_CFG5)

• Perform a software reset (register DENC_CFG6)
Note: The values loaded in DENC_DFS_INC0/1/2 are taken into account after a software
reset, only if bit SELRST_INC= 1 (register DENC_CFG5)
These registers are never reset and must be explicitly written, to ensure that they
contain sensible information.
On hardware or software reset the DDFS is initialized with a hardwired increment,
independently of DENC_DFS_INC0/1/2. These hardwired values cannot be read out of
the DENC.
[23:0] D: Hard-wired default value f, Frequency synthesized, MHz Ref.Clock, MHz
0x 21 F07C: NTSC M 3.5795452 27
0x2A 098B: PAL BGHIN 4.43361875 27
0x21 F694: PAL N 3.5820558 27
0x21 E6F0: PAL M 3.57561149 27
0x25 5554: NTSC M square pixel 3.5795434 24.545454
0x26 798C: PAL BGHIN square pixel 4.43361867 29.5
0x1F 15C0: PAL N square pixel 3.58205605 29.5
0x25 4AD4: PAL M square pixel 3.57561082 24.545454

DENC_DFS_PHASE0/1 Phase DFS registers

Address: DencBaseAddress + 0x034, 0x038
Type: R/W
Reset: HUE_EN: Disabled (0), DFS_PHASE: Undefined; never reset and must be explicitly
written to.
Description: If bit SEL_RST = 0 (for example, after a hardware reset), the phase offset used every
time the DDFS is reinitialized is hard-wired. The hard-wired values cannot be read out of
the DENC. These are:
0xD9 C000 for PAL BDGHI, N, M,
0x1F C000 for NTSC-M,
0x00 0000 (blue lines)
0x43 C000 (red lines) for SECAM
When SECAM = 0 (DENC_CFG7)

Static phase offset for digital frequency synthesizer (10 bits only)
DFS_PHASE0 - - - o26 - - o23 o22
0x034 Reserved HUE_EN Reserved VALUE
DFS_PHASE1 o21 o20 o19 o18 o17 o16 o15 o14
0x038 VALUE
Description: HUE_EN:
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Enables variance in phase of the subcarrier, as programmed in DENC_HUE, during

active video with respect to the phase of the subcarrier during the color burst. Once set,
this bit automatically resets to 0.
0: Disabled (Default)
1: Enabled
VALUE:
Under certain circumstances (detailed below), these registers contain the 10 MSBs of
the value with which the phase accumulator of the DDFS is initialized after a 0-to-1
transition of bit RSTOSC_BUF (DENC_CFG2), or after a standard change, or when
cyclic phase readjustment has been programmed (see DENC_CFG2.VAL_RST). The
14 remaining LSBs loaded into the accumulator in these cases are all 0s (defining the
phase reset value with a 0.35° accuracy).
To validate use of these registers instead of the hard-wired values:
• Load the registers with the required value.
• Set bit DENC_CFG2.SEL_RST to 1.
• Perform a software reset (DENC_CFG6), or set DENC_CFG2 bit RSTOSC_BUF
to 1. This puts the soft-phase value into a temporary register and sets
DENC_CFG8.PH_RST_MODE to put this value into an accumulator at the
beginning of the next line.

When SECAM = 1 (DENC_CFG7)

Static phase offset for digital frequency synthesizer for two SECAM subcarriers
(8 MSB only) (blue lines - DENC_DFS_PHASE0 and red lines -
DENC_DFS_PHASE1)
DFS_PHASE0 b21 b20 b19 b18 b17 b16 b15 b14
0x034 VALUE
DFS_PHASE1 r21 r20 r19 r18 r17 r16 r15 r14
0x038 VALUE
Description: These registers contain the 8 bits (21 to 14) of the value with which the phase
accumulator of the DDFS is initialized on every line in SECAM mode. The phase is
calculated with 1.4° accuracy as:
(Blue lines) DENC_DFS_PHASE0 x 16384 (dec), or DENC_DFS_PHASE0 x 0x4000
(Red lines) (256 + DENC_DFS_PHASE0 + DENC_DFS_PHASE1) x 16384 (dec),
or (100 + DENC_DFS_PHASE0 + DENC_DFS_PHASE1) x 0x4000
To validate use of these registers instead of the hard-wired values, follow the procedure
for PAL and NTSC mode.
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56.3 WSS
DEN_WSSn WSS data 1 and 2
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8
WSS15 WSS14 WSS13 WSS12 WSS11 WSS10 WSS9 WSS8
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
WSS7 WSS6 WSS5 WSS4 WSS3 WSS2 WSS1 WSS0
Address: DencBaseAddress + 0x03C, 0x040

Type: R/W
Buffer: Double buffered
Reset: Undefined
Description:
[15] WSS15: Reserved: must be set to 0.
[14] WSS14: Helper bit
0: No helper 1: Modulated helper
A helper signal may be present only when the aspect ratio label is either 16:9 letterbox center or > 16:9
letterbox center and the number of active lines 430 lines.
[13] WSS13: Color coding bit
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0: Standard coding 1: Motion adaptive color plus

In film mode (bit b 4 = 1), motion adaptive color plus is set to fixed color plus operation, in other words it is
not motion adaptive.
[12] WSS12: Film bit
0: Camera mode 1: Film mode
[11:8] WSS[11:8]: Aspect ratio
0001: Box 14:9 center 0010: Box 14:9 top
0100: Box 16:9 top 0111: Full format 16:9 (anamorphic)
1000: Full format 4:3 1011: Box 16:9 center
1101: > Box 16:9 center 1110: Full format 4:3 (shoot and protect 14:9 center)
WSS11 is an odd parity bit.
[7] WSS7: CGMS-A: Generation bit
0: Copying not restricted 1: Copying restricted
[6] WSS6: CGMS-A: copyright bit
0: No copyright asserted or status unknown 1: Copyright asserted
[5] WSS5: Surround sound bit
0: No surround sound information 1: Surround sound mode
[4:3] WSS[4:3]: Subtitling mode
00: No open subtitles 01: Subtitles in active image area
10: Subtitles out of active image area 11: Reserved
[2] WSS2: Subtitles with teletext bit
0: No subtitles within teletext 1: Subtitles within teletext
[1:0] WSS[1:0]: Reserved: must be set to 0.

56.4 DAC inputs
DENC_DAC13_MULT DAC1 and DAC3 multiplying factors
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DAC1_MULT[5:0] DAC3_MULT[5:4]

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x82
Description:
[7:2] DAC1_MULT[5:0]
[1:0] DAC3_MULT[5:4]
DENC_DAC34_MULT DAC3 and DAC4 multiplying factors
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

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Type: R/W
Reset: 0x08
Description:
[7:4] DAC3_MULT[3:0]
[3:0] DAC4_MULT[5:2]

DENC_DAC45_MULT DAC4 and 5 multiplying factors
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x20
Description:
[31:8] Reserved
[7:6] DAC4_MULT[1:0]: Multiplying factor on DAC4_R_V_C digital signal before D/A converters
with 0.78% step (see also DENC_DAC34_MULT)
% of default value
if R, G or B if not R, G or B
(DAC123_CFG = 010) (DAC123_CFG != 010)
00 0000: 81.25 75.00
00 0001: 81.84 75.78
00 0010: 82.42 76.56
00 0011: 83.01 77.34
.. .. .. ..
10 0000: (default) 100.00 100.00
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.. .. .. ..
11 1111: 118.16 124.22
[5:0] DAC5_MULT[5:0]: Multiplying factor on DAC5_G_Y digital signal before D/A converters with 0.78% step
% of default value
if R, G or B if not R, G or B
(DAC123_CFG = 010) (DAC123_CFG != 010)
00 0000: 81.25 75.00
00 0001: 81.84 75.78
00 0010: 82.42 76.56
00 0011: 83.01 77.34
.. .. .. ..
10 0000: (default) 100.00 100.00
.. .. .. ..
11 1111: 118.16 124.22
DENC_DAC2_MULT DAC2 multiplying factors
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved DAC2_MULT[5:0]
Address: DencBaseAddress + 0x1A8

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x20
Description:

DENC_DAC6_MULT DAC6 multiplying factors
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved DAC6_MULT[5:0]
Address: DencBaseAddress + 0x1AC

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x20
Description:
56.5 Hardware ID
DENC_HW_VER DENC hardware version
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CHIPID

Type: RO
Reset: 0xC0
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Description: CHIPID: 1100 0000

56.6 VPS data
DENC_VPSn VPSn data registers
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DENC_VPS0: 0x64 PROGT
DENC_VPS1: 0x68 CNTRY[1:0] NP[5:0]
DENC_VPS2: 0x6C MIN CNTRY[3:2]
DENC_VPS3: 0x70 MON[2:0] HR
DENC_VPS4: 0x74 NP[7:6] DAY MON[3]
DENC_VPS5: 0x78 SND Reserved CNI
Address: DencBaseAddress + register offset

Type: Read only
Reset: Undefined
Description: Refer to Section 55.17: VPS encoding on page 656.
DENC_VPS5: [7:6] SND: sound
00: Don’t know 01: Mono
10: Stereo 11: Dual sound
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[5:4] Reserved
DENC_VPS5: [3:0] CNI: 4 bits of CNI, reserved for enhancement of VPS
DENC_VPS4: [7:6] NP[7:0]: Network or program CNI (Country and Network Identification)
DENC_VPS1: [5:0]
DENC_VPS4: [5:1] DAY: Day, binary
DENC_VPS4: [0] MON[3:0]: Month, binary
DENC_VPS3: [7:5]
DENC_VPS3: [4:0] HR: Hour, binary
DENC_VPS2: [7:2] MIN: Minute, binary
DENC_VPS2: [1:0] CNTRY[3:0]: Country, binary
DENC_VPS1: [7:6]
DENC_VPS0: [7:0] PROGT[7:0]: Program type, binary

56.7 CGMS data
DENC_CGMS0/1/2 CGMS data registers (20 bits only)
CGMS0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0x07C Reserved B1 B2 B3 B4
CGMS1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0x080 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 B12
CGMS2 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0x084 B13 B14 B15 B16 B17 B18 B19 B20

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description:
B1 to B3: Word 0A
B4 to B6: Word 0B
B7 to B10: Word 1
B11 to B14: Word 2
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B15 to B20: CRC (not internally computed)
56.8 Teletext
DENC_TTX1 Teletext block definition
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
FP_TTXT TTXDEL2 TTXDEL1 TTXDEL0 TTX_L6 TTX_L7 TTZ_L8 TTX_L9

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x40
Description:
[7] FP_TTXT: Full page teletext mode enable (refer to Section 55.18: Teletext encoding on page 656)
0: Disable
1: Enable
[6:4] TTXDEL[2:0]: Teletext data latency (* “100” default) (Refer to Section 55.18: Teletext encoding on
page 656)
The encoder will clock in the first teletext data sample on the (2 + TXDL[2:0])th rising edge of the master
clock following the rising edge of TTXS (teletext synchro signal, supplied by the encoder).
[3:0] TTX_L6:L8: See Table 180: Teletext line selection for standards other than ITU-R and 625 line systems
on page 683

DENC_TTX2-5 Teletext block definition
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
TTX_L10 TTX_L11 TTX_L12 TTX_L13 TTX_L14 TTX_L15 TTZ_L16 TTX_L17

Address: DencBaseAddress + 0x08C, 0x090, 0x94, 0x098

Type: R/W
Reset: TTX1: 0x40; TTX2-5: 0x00
Description: Each of these bits enables teletext on line x (ITU-R line numbering and 625 line
systems). For other standards refer to the table below for teletext lines selection.
Table 180: Teletext line selection for standards other than ITU-R and 625 line systems
PAL BDGHIN line PAL M line NTSC M line

(CCIR 625 line (CCIR 525 line (SMPTE 525 line
numbering) numbering) numbering)
TTX_L6 6 6 9
TTX_L7 7 7 10
TTX_L8 8 8 11
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TTX_L9 9 9 12
TTX_L10 10 10 13
TTX_L11 11 11 14
TTX_L12 12 12 15
TTX_L13 13 13 16
TTX_L14 14 14 17
TTX_L15 15 15 18
TTX_L16 16 16 19
TTX_L17 17 17 20
TTX_L18 18 18 21
TTX_L19 19 19 22
TTX_L20 20 20 23
TTX_L21 21 21 24
TTX_L22 22 22 25
TTX_L23 23 23 26
TTX_L318 318 268 271
TTX_L319 319 269 272
TTX_L320 320 270 273
TTX_L321 321 271 274
TTX_L322 322 272 275
TTX_L323 323 273 276
TTX_L324 324 274 277
TTX_L325 325 275 278
TTX_L326 326 276 279
TTX_L327 327 277 280

Table 180: Teletext line selection for standards other than ITU-R and 625 line systems
PAL BDGHIN line PAL M line NTSC M line

(CCIR 625 line (CCIR 525 line (SMPTE 525 line
numbering) numbering) numbering)
TTX_L328 328 278 281
TTX_L329 329 279 282
TTX_L330 330 280 283
TTX_L331 331 281 284
TTX_L332 332 282 285
TTX_L333 333 283 286
TTX_L334 334 284 287
TTX_L335 335 285 288
DENC_TTX_CFG Teletext configuration
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
TTXT100IRE TTXT_ABCD1 TTXT_ABCD0 Reserved

Type: R/W
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Buffer: Double buffered

Reset: 0x50
Description:
[31:8] Reserved
[7] TTXT100IRE: Amplitude of teletext waveform
0: 70 IRE 1: 100 IRE
[6:5] TTX_ABCD[1:0]: Teletext standard selection
00: Teletext A
01: Teletext B/world system teletext (625 line systems)
10: Teletext C/NABTS (525 line systems)
11: Teletext D
[4:0] Reserved

DENC_CM_TTX C multiplying factor and teletext
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
TTX_MASK_
C_MULT Reserved BCS_MAIN_EN
OFF

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x01
Description:
[31:8] Reserved
[7:4] C_MULT: Multiplying factor on C digital output (before the D/A converters) with 3.125% step
(C value compared to default)
0000: 1.000 000
0001: 1.000 001 (1.015625 Dec.)
0010: 1.000 010 (1.031250 Dec.)
0011: 1.000 011 (1.046875 Dec.)
....
1111: 1.001 111 (1.234375 Dec.)
Default peak to peak amplitude of U and V outputs corresponds to 70% of default Y or CVBS peak to
peak amplitude if 100/0/100/0 color bar pattern is input. In other words, when Iref is set to deliver 1 VPP for
CVBS on DAC3 for example (and DAC3_MULT = “1000”), when switched to U, DAC6 delivers 0.7 V PP.
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Default peak to peak amplitude of RGB outputs corresponds to 70% of default Y or CVBS peak to peak
amplitude if 100/0/75/0 color bar pattern is input. In other words, when Iref is set to deliver 1 VPP for CVBS
on DAC3 for example (and DAC3_MULT = “1000”), when switched to B, DAC6 delivers 0.7 VPP.
[3] TTX_MASK_OFF: Masking of 2 bits in Teletext framing code, depending on selected teletext standard
0: Enable 1: Disable
[2:1] Reserved
[0] BCS_MAIN_EN
Brightness, contrast and saturation control by registers DENC_BRIGHT, DENC_CONTRAST and
DENC_SATURATION on 4:4:4 main video input

56.9 Closed caption
DENC_CCCF1 Closed-caption characters/extended data for field 1
CCCF10 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0x09C OPC11 C117 C116 C115 C114 C113 C112 C111
CCCF11 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0x0A0 OPC12 C127 C126 C125 C124 C123 C122 C121
Address: DencBaseAddress + 0x09C, 0x0A0

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined (these registers are never reset)
Description: These registers have no default value, but enabling closed captions without loading
these registers issues a null character.
OPC11: Odd-parity bit of US-ASCII 7-bit character C117 to C111
C117 - C111: First byte to encode in field 1
OPC12: Odd-parity bit of US-ASCII 7-bit character C127 to C121
C127 - C121: Second byte to encode in field 1
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DENC_CCCF2 Closed caption characters/extended data for field 2
CCCF20 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0x0A4 OPC21 C217 C216 C215 C214 C213 C212 C211
CCCF21 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0x0A8 OPC22 C227 C226 C225 C224 C223 C222 C221
Address: DencBaseAddress + 0x0A4, 0x0A8

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined (these registers are never reset)
Description: These registers have no default value, but enabling closed captions without loading
these registers issues a null character.
[7] OPC21: Odd-parity bit of US-ASCII 7-bit character C217 to C211
[6:0] C217 - C211: First byte to encode in field 2
[7] OPC22: Odd-parity bit of US-ASCII 7-bit character C227 to C221
[6:0] C227 - C221: Second byte to encode in field 2

DENC_CCLIF1 Closed caption/extended data line insertion for field 1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved L14 L13 L12 L11 L10
Address: DencBaseAddress + 0x0AC

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0F
Description: This register programs the TV line number of the closed caption/extended data encoded
in field 1
525/60 system: (525-SMPTE line number convention)
Only lines 10 to 22 should be used for closed caption or extended data services (lines 1
to 9 contain the vertical sync pulses with equalizing pulses).
L14 to L10
0 0000: No line selected for closed caption encoding
0 00xx: Do not use these codes
....
i code line (i+6) (SMPTE) selected for encoding
....
1 1111: Line 37 (SMPTE) selected
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625/50 system: (625-CCIR/ITU-R line number convention)

Only lines 7 to 23 should be used for closed caption or extended data services.
L14 to L10
....
i code line (i+6) (CCIR) selected for encoding (i>0)
....
1 1111: line 37 (CCIR) selected
Default value = 0 1111 line 21 (525/60, 525-SMPTE line number convention); this value
also corresponds to line 21 in l625/50 system,(625-CCIR line number convention).

DENC_CCLIF2 Closed caption/extended data line insertion for field 2
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved L24 L23 L22 L21 L20
Address: DencBaseAddress + 0x0B0

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0F
Description: This register programs the TV line number of the closed caption/extended data encoded
in field 1
525/60 system: (525-SMPTE line number convention)
Only lines 273 to 284 should be used for closed caption or extended data services
(preceding lines contain the vertical sync pulses with equalizing pulses.
L24 to L20
0 00xx: Do not use these codes
i line (269 +i) (SMPTE) selected for encoding
....
0 1111: Line 284 (SMPTE) selected for encoding
1 1111: Line 289 (SMPTE)
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Note: If CGMS is allowed on lines 20 and 283 (525/60, 525-SMPTE line number convention),
closed captions should not be programmed on these lines.
625/50 system: (625-CCIR line number convention)
Only lines 319 to 336 should be used for closed caption or extended data services
(preceding lines contain the vertical sync pulses with equalizing pulses).
L24 to L20
i line (318 +i) (CCIR) selected for encoding
....
1 0010: Line 336 (CCIR) selected for encoding
1 1111: Line 349 (CCIR)
Default value:= 0 1111 line 284 (525/60, 525-SMPTE line number convention) this
value also corresponds to line 333 in 625/50 system, (625-CCIR line number
convention)

56.10 Input demultiplexor
DENC_BRIGHT Brightness
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Type: R/W
Reset: 1000 0000
Description: The register contents are used by the following formula to adjust the luminance intensity
of the display video image:
Y OUT = Y I N + B – 128
Where YIN is 8-bit input luminance and YOUT is the result of a brightness operation (still
on 8 bits).
This value is saturated at 235 (16) or 254 (1) according to DENC_CFG6 bit MAXDYN,
B: brightness (unsigned value with center at 128, default 128).
DENC_CONTRAST Contrast
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7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Type: R/W
Reset: 0000 0000
Description: The register contents are used by the following formula to adjust the relative difference
between the display image higher and lower intensity luminance values:
( Y I N –128 ) ( C + 128 )
Y OUT = ---------------------------------------------------
- + 128
128
where, YIN is 8-bit input luminance, YOUT is the result of a contrast operation (still on 8
bits).
C: contrast (two’s complement value from -128 to 127, default 0).

DENC_SATURATION Saturation
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Type: R/W
Reset: 1000 0000
Description: The register contents are used by the following formula to adjust the color intensity of
the displayed video image:
( Crin – 128 )- + 128
Crout = s----------------------------------
128
( Cbin – 128 )- + 128
Cbout = s-----------------------------------
128
Where CrIN and CbIN are the 8-bit input chroma, CrOUT and CbOUT are the result of a
saturation operation (still on 8 bits)
S: saturation value (unsigned value with centre at 128, default 128).
56.11 Chroma coefficient

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DENC_CF_COEFn Chroma filter coefficient 0 to 8 (main video)
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CF_COEF0: 0x120 MAIN_FLT_S MAIN_PLG_DIV[1:0] CF_COEF0[4:0]

CF_COEF1: 0x124 Reserved CF_COEF8[8] CF_COEF1[5:0]
CF_COEF2: 0x128 Reserved CF_COEF2[6:0]
CF_COEF3: 0x12C Reserved CF_COEF3[6:0]
CF_COEF4: 0x130 CF_COEF4[7:0]
CF_COEF7: 0x13C CF_COEF7[7:0]
Address: DencBaseAddress + 0x120 (DEN_CFCOEF0), 0x124, 0x128, 0x12C, 0x130, 0x134,

0x138, 0x13C, 0x140 (DEN_CFCOEF8)
Type: R/W
Buffer: Immediate
Reset: See below
Description: These registers contain the nine coefficients and three control bits for the chroma filter,
which are described below. Values from these registers are used only when
MAIN_FLT_S is set to 1.
If MAIN_FLT_S is 1 the digital encoder is programmed from MAIN_PLG_DIV[1:0] to all
the chroma coefficients. When MAIN_FLT_S is set to 0 the default values of the
coefficients are loaded depending on the mode selected or the type of filter selected in
a particular mode with FLT (DENC_CFG1). If SECAM square pixel mode is performed,
the values from these registers are loaded and their default values correspond to that
standard.

The coefficients are chosen to give the required filter response for a specific application
according to the symmetrical FIR filter equation:
H(z) = C0 + C1z-1 + C2z-2 + ... + C7z-7 + C8z-8 + C7z-9 + ... + C2z-14 + C1z-15 + C0z-16
The register reset (or default) values give the coefficients for the SECAM square pixel
mode.
Each register value is calculated by adding an offset value to the desired coefficient
value, according to the relationship: register value = offset + actual coefficient value.
For instance, to obtain a coefficient value of 5 for C4, which has an offset of 32, the
register DEN_CFCOEF4 must contain the value 100101, which is the binary equivalent
of 32 + 5.
Filter sampling frequency is VIDPIX_2XCLK (27 MHz, 24.545454 MHz or 29.5 MHz).
MAIN_PLG_DIV[1:0]: This value is chosen depending on the sum of all coefficients.
00: When sum of coefficients = 512 01: When sum of coefficients = 1024 (default)
10: When sum of coefficients = 2048 11: When sum of coefficients = 4096
MAIN_FLT_S
0: Use hardwired coefficients for the chroma filter.
1: Use register DENC_CF_COEFn values, default (reset) or programmed, to determine coefficients.
Reserved bits are set to 0.

The value of MAIN_PLG_DIV is chosen depending on what is the sum of all the
coefficients.
• MAIN_PLG_DIV = 11 when sum of coeffs = 4096,
• MAIN_PLG_DIV = 10 when sum of coeffs = 2048,
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• MAIN_PLG_DIV = 01 when sum of coeffs = 1024,default,

• MAIN_PLG_DIV = 00 when sum of coeffs = 512.
Offset change before loading to user register:
• CHROMA_MAIN_COEF0 = Actual value + 16,
• CHROMA_MAIN_COEF6 = Actual value,
• CHROMA_MAIN_COEF7 = Actual value,
• CHROMA_MAIN_COEF8 = Actual value.
Default values:
• CHROMA_MAIN_COEF0[4:0] = 1 0001 means c0 = 1,
• CHROMA_MAIN_COEF2[6:0] = 101 0100 means c2= 20,
• CHROMA_MAIN_COEF8[8:0] = 0 1000 0000 means c8 = 128.

56.12 Luma coefficient
DENC_LU_COEF0..9 Luma filter coefficients 0 to 9
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LU_COEF0: 0x148 Reserved LU_COEF8[8] LU_COEF0[4:0]

LU_COEF1: 0x14C LU_COEF9[9:8] LU_COEF1[5:0]
LU_COEF2: 0x150 LU_COEF6[8] LU_COEF2[6:0]
LU_COEF3: 0x154 LU_COEF7[8] LU_COEF3[6:0]
LU_COEF4: 0x158 LU_COEF4[7:0]
LU_COEF5: 0x15C LU_COEF5[7:0]
LU_COEF9: 0x16C LU_COEF9[7:0]

Type: R/W
Reset: See table below
Description: These registers contain the 10 coefficients for the luma filter. The coefficients give the
required filter response for a specific application according to the symmetrical FIR filter
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equation:
–1 –2 –8 –9 –10 – 16 – 17 –18
H ( z ) = a0 + a1 z + a2 z + a8 z + a9 z + a8 z + …+ a2 z + a1 z + a0 z
The values of the coefficients LU_COEF0 through to LU_COEF7 must be entered in
two’s complement form and the remainder as normal positive values.
The sampling frequency of the filter is PIXCLK (27 MHz, 24.5454 MHz or 29.5 MHz).
The control bits for this filter are in register DENC_CFG9. This register is used only
when bit FLT_YS in DENC_CFG9 is set to 1.
Reserved bits are reset to 0.
Default values:
• a0 = LUMA_COEF_0[4:0] = 0 0001 means +1,
• a1 = LUMA_COEF_1[5:0] = 11 1111 means -1,
• a2 = LUMA_COEF_2[6:0] = 111 0111 means -9,
• a3 = LUMA_COEF_3[6:0] = 000 0011 means +3,
• a4 = LUMA_COEF_4[7:0] = 0001 1111 means +31,
• a5 = LUMA_COEF_5[7:0] = 1111 1011 means -5,
• a6 = LUMA_COEF_6[8:0] = 1 1010 1100 means -84,
• a7 = LUMA_COEF_7[8:0] = 0 0000 0111 means +7,
• a8 = LUMA_COEF_8[8:0] = 1 0011 1101 means +317,
• a9 = LUMA_COEF_9[9:0] = 01 1111 1000 means +504.

56.13 Hue control
DENC_HUE Hue control
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
HUE_PHS_SGN HUE_PHS_VAL
Address: DencBaseAddress + 0x1A4

Type: R/W
Buffer: Immediate
Reset: 0x00 (no phase shift)
Description: Defines the phase shift in the subcarrier during active video with respect to the phase of
the subcarrier during the color burst. Once enabled by
DENC_DFS_PHASE0/1.HUE_EN, phase variation may vary by +/- 22.324 degrees with
increments of 0.17578127.
Note: To make a value programmed in this register effective, immediately after programming
HUE_CTRL, pulse DENC_DFS_PHASE0/1.HUE_EN.
Once enabled, to disable any phase shift in active subcarrier with respect to burst, write
the default value into this register followed by a pulse on
DENC_DFS_PHASE0/1.HUE_EN.
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[7] HUE_PHS_SGN: Sign of phase

1: Positive 0: Negative
[6:0] HUE_PHS_VAL: Absolute value of phase adjustment, range 1 to 127
LSB 0x01 implies 0.17578127 degrees, 0x7F imply 22.324 degrees.
1000 0000: No phase shift 0000 0000: No phase shift
1111 1111: +22.324 degrees phase 0111 1111: -22.324 degrees phase

57 High-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) STx7100
57 High-definition multimedia interface (HDMI)
This chapter describes the HDMI frame formatter.
57.1 Glossary
HDMI High definition multimedia interface
HDMI is a licensable format designed for transmitting digital television
audiovisual signals from DVD players, set-top boxes and other audiovisual
sources to television sets, projectors and other video displays.
HDMI can carry high quality multi-channel audio data, and all standard and
high-definition consumer electronics video formats, together with
bidirectional control and status signals. Content protection technology is
available.
DVI Digital visual interface
TMDS Transition minimized differential signalling
TERC4 TMDS error reduction coding - 4 bit
SSC4 Synchronous serial controller version 4.0
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57.2 Overview
The HDMI block transmits HDMI-compatible data. It primarily consists of two sub-blocks:
● digital HDMI frame formatter: frame formatting and encoding.
● analog line driver: serializes the data and transmits the differential line,
Video data synchronous to the pix clock is fed to the HDMI via three 8-bit buses, HSYNC and
VSYNC lines. The video interface supports RGB, YCbCr 4:4:4 and YCbCr 4:2:2 formats only.
The encryption keys generated by the HDCP block are fed to the HDMI on a separate interface.
The HDMI XORs the video data with the keys generated by the HDCP. If the HDMI is in not
authenticated, a default (programmed) value is sent during the video data interval periods; audio
data is not sent at all; null packets and AVI info frames are sent instead.
The HDMI receives audio data via an S/PDIF interface. The HDMI does not compress or
decompress audio, but simply inserts audio into appropriate fields in the HDMI frame. The audio
interface performs the cycle time stamp (CTS) calculations and inserts the CTS in the frame
appropriately.
The HDMI is configured via its STBus interface. This interface is also used to transmit data for
info frame during the data island period of the HDMI frame.
Control data is inserted appropriately, depending on the HDMI configuration.
The HDMI frame formatter interfaces to the line driver on three 10-bit parallel buses, which are
synchronous with the TMDS clock.

STx7100 57 High-definition multimedia interface (HDMI)
The block diagram for the HDMI is shown in Figure 228 below.
Figure 228: HDMI block diagram
HDCP interface
Video in Chl 0
Video data Frame
HSYNC Video formatting
processor Data bus
VSYNC and Line Chl 1
CONTROL line coding
PIXCLK
HSYNC driver
VSYNC Chl 2
TMDSCLK PIXEL
REP.
TMDSCLK EN
SPDIFIN Control
PIXCLK bits
SPDIF CLK Data processor
Config monitor
BCH CLK registers
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STBus interface
HDMI digital processor TMDSCLK
STBus
Each 10-bit bus carries the transition minimized differential signalling (TMDS) data. The TMDS
data changes with each rising edge of the TMDS clock. The clocks have the following
characteristics:
● The TMDS clock frequency is n x PIXCLOCK where n = 1 or 2.
● The TMDS and pix clocks are synchronous.
● The BCH clock frequency is m x TMDS clock where m = 2 or 4.
● The BCH clock is used to run BCH-encoding blocks of the data packets.
● Pix clock, TMDS and BCH clocks are phase aligned.
The HDMI frame formatter accepts video data synchronous to the pix clock (on every rising
edge). Audio data is fed through the S/PDIF interface. The STBus interface is used to configure
and monitor its status. This interface is also used to write the AVI info and any auxiliary data to be
sent on the HDMI during the data island period.

57.3 Video processor

The video processor formats the video data into HDMI-compatible frame format. The supported
input video data formats are RGB, 8 bits per pixel and YCbCr 4:4:4, 8 bits per pixel. A typical
application of the video processor is shown in Figure 229.
Figure 229: Block diagram of the video processor
HSync in
HSync out
VSync in
VSync out
444 format
CHL0 RT Retime
CHL 0 in CHL 0 out
Control
CHL 2 in glue CHL2 RT
CHL 1 out
CHL 1 in
CHL 2 out
pix clock
HDMI clock channel
Video processor
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The first pixel in a frame is counted from when Hsync and Vsync are active on a rising pix clock
edge. The first pixel of the active video window is defined in registers HDMI_ACTIVE_XMIN and
HDMI_ACTIVE_YMIN. The maximum number of pixels per line and maximum number of lines
per frame are defined by the registers HDMI_ACTIVE_XMAX and HDMI_ACTIVE_YMAX.
The retimed Hsync and Vsync (HSync out and VSync out) are used by the other sub-blocks to
derive timings.
The connection of video input bus to the individual channels is as follows.
● RGB, 8 bits per pixel
• CHL0 in connected to B
• CHL1 in connected to G
• CHL2 in connected to R
● YCbCR 4:4:4, 8 bits per pixel
• CHL0 in connected to Cb
• CHL1 in connected to Y
• CHL2 in connected to Cr
The control glue connects CHL0 in to CHL0 RT and CHL1 in to CHL1 RT.

57.4 Data processor

The data processor formats and transmits data packets during data island periods. If there is no
valid data, the data processor transmits a null packet. The data processor transmits the following
data in the order specified during the data island period (subject to availability of the
corresponding data packet):
● audio sample clock capture packet,
● audio data packet,
● general control packet,
● info frame packet,
● null packet.
Figure 230 shows the data processor block diagram.
Figure 230: Data processor
numerator value
(N)
CTS gen
S/PDIF clock and Data pending
packetization Data*
pix clock Packet Data island en
formatter
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and
Data* BCH coding Chl 0
SPDIF data Audio data Arbiter
packet
S/PDIF clock generation Chl 1
Data*
Chl 2
STBus
interface Info frame
packet
generation Data*
* Data = HB + SB0 + SB1 + SB2 + SB3
Null packets are sent in the data field when the encryption is enabled and HDMI is in not
authenticated.

57.4.1 Audio sample clock capture

The CTS value generated by the HDMI source is used by the HDMI sync to regenerate the audio
sample clock. The CTS is generated according to the equation
128 x FS = pixel clock x N/CTS,
or
pixclock × N
CTS = ---------------------------------
128 × Fs
where FS is the audio sample clock. In other words, CTS is generated by counting the number of
pix clocks in (128 x Fs/N) duration. The CTS counter is a 20 bit counter, and is initialized to zero
after every 128*FS/N clocks. FS and pix clock are treated as asynchronous; appropriate care is
taken during synchronization.
Figure 231: CTS packet generation
Numerator value CTS Value

(N )
CTS
generation Formatter HB
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S/PDIF Clock valid

SB0
pix clock ack
SB1
SB2
SB3
57.4.2 Audio data packetization

HDMI supports two audio channels, input on one S/PDIF input. The S/PDIF stream is
synchronous to the S/PDIF clock, and is processed by the S/PDIF processor, the output of which
is fed to the data formatter.
The S/PDIF processor consists of an S/PDIF frame sync detection and data decode block,
FIFOs to store the received data, validity, parity, user data and channel status bits for both left
and right channels.

Figure 232: Audio packet generation
chlstat. buff SP0

S/PDIF data S/PDIF usrdat. buff
S/PDIF clock frame sync parity buff SP1
detection
validity buff
data decode
Formatter SP2
Data buff
chlstat. buff SP3

usrdat. buff
parity buff Left chl. buff.
validity buff
Data buff
HB
Right chl. Buff.

Frame buff.
S/PDIF processing
Header byte gen.

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57.4.3 General control packet

The general control packet is transmitted if the enable bit is set in register
HDMI_GEN_CTRL_PKT_CFG. If the bit BUFF_NOT_REG is reset, the packet is formatted by
hardware and the status in the bit AVMUTE is sent in the general control packet. If the bit
BUFF_NOT_REG is 1, then the information in the info frame header byte register and info frame
packet words is sent. This is done to cope with any future upgrades in the general control packet
structure.
57.4.4 Info frame

This module is responsible for sending the EIA/CEA-861B info frames on the HDMI interface.
The data corresponding to the header bytes and the packet contents must be written into the
appropriate buffers. The length of the info frame is inferred from the contents of the third byte of
the header word. The total number of bytes transmitted is the contents of this location +1
(checksum).
The checksum is calculated by software and is written into the first byte of the packet word 0. The
checksum should be calculated by the software such that the bytewise sum of all three bytes of
header frame and all the valid data bytes of the infoframe packet and the checksum itself is equal
to zero.
After writing the data into the header bytes word and packet words, the valid bit in the info frame
configuration register is set. An interrupt is generated if enabled.
One info packet is transmitted every frame. The info packet can consist of multiple info frames
depending on the sync. The maximum number of bytes that can be contained in an info packet is
255. This implies a maximum of nine to ten info frames in one frame. Since an interrupt is
generated after transmission of each info frame, there is a maximum of ten interrupts every
16 ms.

Figure 233: Info packet generation
SP0
Packet
SP1
data buffer
STBus Formatter SP2
interface
SP3
Header byte
data buffer
HB
STBus
To reduce the dependency of the CPU, the HDMI_AVI_BUFF_EMPTY signal is bristled out,
which can be used as pacing signal for DMA. The HDMI_AVI_BUFF_EMPTY is set when the
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data in the buffer is read by the HDMI formatter. It is reset when bit HDMI_IFRAME_CFG.EN is
set.
57.4.5 Arbiter
The arbiter arbitrates between requests from different sources that wish to transmit data during
the data island period of the HDMI frame. The arbiter follows a simple priority-based arbitration
scheme, with CTS packets being given highest priority, followed by audio data packets, general
control packets and info packet having the least priority. If there are no packet requests, the
arbiter sends the data corresponding to the null packet to the packet formatter.
If the transmission of the general control packet is enabled, then the arbiter sends this packet
only, between assertion of VSYNC and next 384 pixel clocks following the assertion of VSYNC.
An interrupt is generated if enabled, notifying completion of general packet transmission.
57.4.6 Packet formatter and BCH coding

The data packet formatter is shown in the Figure 234 below. The module fetches the data, and
performs BCH coding for the header packet and individual subpackets. It outputs data on the
three 4-bit channels. If encryption is enabled and HDMI is authenticated, the four bits are
encrypted with the keys from the HDCP. The data is then TERC encoded before being fed to the
line driver.
The header byte and each of the subpacket bytes fetched are stored in an 8-bit flip-flop array.
Each of these buffers has an BCH encoder associated with it. The BCH encoder associated with
the header byte runs from the TMDS clock, while the BCH encoders associated with the
subpacket buffers run at BCH clock frequency. The enable pulses are appropriately generated
depending on whether the BCH clock is twice or four times the TMDS clock. The contents of the
BCH encoder are loaded in the corresponding byte buffer (header byte or subpacket); the data is
then given to the channel formatter.

The channel formatter maps the individual bits of the of the data buffers on to the CHL0, CHL1 or
CHL2 bus, as shown in Table 181 below. A new byte of the subpacket is transmitted during clock
periods 5, 6, 7 and 8, shown by shaded rows.
Table 181: Byte buffer mapping
CHL0
Clock CHL1 bits CHL2 bits
bits
period
4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
1 HB0 SP0-0 SP1-0 SP2-0 SP3-0 SP0-1 SP1-1 SP2-1 SP3-1
Figure 234 shows the data packet generator.
Figure 234: Data packet generation

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HB
Header byte
data buffer
BCH encoder
SP0 SP0 byte

data buffer
Chl 0
BCH encoder
Channel
SP1 formatter Chl 1
SP1 byte
data buffer
BCH encoder Chl 2

SP2 SP2 byte
data buffer
BCH encoder
SP3
SP3 byte
data buffer
BCH encoder

57.5 Frame formatting and line coding
57.5.1 Frame formatting

The HDMI frame is generated using a state machine as shown in Figure 235.
Figure 235: HDMI Framer FSM
Video
leading
guardband
Video
preamble Video
data
Reset Control
data
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Data island
trailing Control
guardband data
Data island
Island
leading
data
guardband
On reset, the HDMI interface does not generate any frames. It stays in the reset state until bit
HDMI_CFG.DEVICE_EN is set. The state machine moves out of the reset state only at the
beginning of the frame (first pixel).
If bit HDMI_CFG.HDMI_NOT_DVI is not set, then the HDMI interface is configured as a digital
visual interface (DVI), and toggles between control data and video data states only (shown by the
blue line).
The extended control periods are generated as programmed in HDMI mode.
Control data variations for DVI

All the control pins CTL0, CTL1, CTL2 and CTL3 are held to logic 0 internally in DVI mode.
Legacy applications where the CTL0 is toggled at even to odd edges are not supported.

Control data during original encryption status signalling (OESS)

OESS is used only in DVI, and uses only CTL3 to indicate that a fame is being encrypted. This
signalling is only used when the HDMI is in the authenticated state. CTL3 must be asserted to 1
for at least eight pixel clock periods, starting no closer than 128 pixel clock periods from the
end of vertical blank. That is, CTL3 must to asserted for at least eight pixel clocks after 128 pixel
clocks after the end of VSYNC.
Control data during enhanced encryption status signalling (EESS)

EESS utilizes all four control signals. The ESS can be used in both DVI and HDMI modes. The
possible patterns for control bits are shown in the Table 182.
Table 182: EESS
CTL3 CTL2 CTL1 CTL0 Encryption for the frame

1 0 0 1 Enabled
0 0 0 1 Disabled
The CTLx signals as listed in the table above have to be asserted during a 16 clock window of
opportunity starting at 512 pixel clocks. That is, encryption enable CTLx should be asserted
for 16 clock periods starting from 512 pixel clock periods after assertion of VSYNC. If the HDCP
is enabled, the HDMI framer has to ensure that no data island, video data or any guard band is
transmitted during a keep out period that starts 508 pixels after the active edge of the VSync,
and ends 650 pixels past active edge of VSYNC, to facilitate frame key calculation. No data
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island is allowed 58 pixel clocks following fall of video data, to facilitate line key calculation.
The EESS is used only when the HDMI transmitter is in the authenticated state.
57.5.2 Line coding

The HDMI uses different encoding techniques during different states of the frame. The encoding
schemes employed during each of the frame states are documented in the following sections.
Data control (preamble)

During the data island period, HSYNC, VSYNC and packet header bits are mapped onto bits 0,
1 and 2 respectively. Channel 1 carries CTL0 and CTL1 on bits 0 and 1, while channel 2 carries
CTL2 and CTL3 on bits 0 and 1. The two bits are coded into 10 bits as shown in Table 183.
Table 183: Coding of control data
Bit 1 Bit 0 TMDS output [9:0]

0 0 0b11 0101 0100
0 1 0b00 1010 1011
1 0 0b01 0101 0100
1 1 0b10 1010 1011
Leading guard band data

During the leading guard band, HSYNC, VSYNC, 1 and 1 are mapped on to bits 0, 1, 2 and 3
respectively. These four bits are TERC4 encoded. Channel 1 carries binary data
Q_OUT[9:0] = 0b01 0011 0011, and channel 2 carries binary data Q_OUT[9:0] =
0b01 0011 0011.

Data island
During the data island period, HSYNC, VSYNC and packet header bits are mapped onto bits 0,
1 and 2 respectively. Logic 0 is sent on bit 3 for the first clock, and logic 1 thereafter. The LSB 4
bits of channel 1 and channel 2 carry packet data. The four bits are TERC4 encoded as shown in
Table 184.
Table 184: TERC4 encoding
Input TERC4 Data [9:0] Input TERC4 Data [9:0]

0b 0000 0b10 1001 1100 0b 1000 0b10 1100 1100
0b 0001 0b10 0110 0011 0b 1001 0b01 0011 1001
0b 0010 0b10 1110 0100 0b 1010 0b01 1001 1100
0b 0011 0b10 1110 0010 0b 1011 0b10 1100 0110
0b 0100 0b01 0111 0001 0b 1100 0b10 1000 1110
0b 0101 0b01 0001 1110 0b 1101 0b10 0111 0001
0b 0110 0b01 1000 1110 0b 1110 0b01 0110 0011
0b 0111 0b01 0011 1100 0b 1111 0b10 1100 0011
Trailing guard band data

The mapping of the data pins during the trailing guard band is exactly same as leading guard
band data.
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Video control (preamble)

During the video control period, channel 0 carries HSYNC and VSYNC on bits 0 and 1
respectively. Channel 1 carries CTL0 and CTL1 on bits 0 and 1 respectively, while channel 2
carries CTL2 and CTL3 on bits 0 and 1 respectively. These bits are coded as shown in
Table 183: Coding of control data. The value of the control bits in video preamble are as follows
CTL0 = 1, CTL1 = 0, CTL2 = 0, and CTL3 = 0.
Leading guard band video

During the video leading guard band, channel 0 carries Q_OUT[9:0] = 0b10 1100 1100,
channel 1 carries Q_OUT[9:0] = 0b01 0011 0011, and channel 2 carries Q_OUT[9:0] =
0b10 1100 1100.
Video data
During the video data period, the 8-bit input data is encoded in 10 bits, which has an
approximate DC balance, as well as reduced transitions. This is done in two stages. In first stage,
9-bit transition- minimized data is produced. In the second stage, a 10th bit is added, which
balances the overall DC.

57.6 HDCP interface

The HDCP block outputs keys on a 24-bit data bus. The keys are XORed with the data just
before TMDS or TERC4 encoding. The 24 bits from HDCP are XORed with the CHL0, CHL1 and
CHL2 data buses as shown in the table below. The LSB bit of the key is XORed with the
corresponding LSB bit of the channel.
Table 185: Encryption stream mapping for video data
HDCP key in TMDS channel

23:16 CHL2
15:8 CHL1
7:0 CHL0
Mapping of the encryption keys during the data island period is shown in Table 186.
Table 186: Encryption stream mapping for data island
HDCP key in TERC4 bits HDCP key in TERC4 bits

23:20 Unused 10 Channel 1 bit 2
19 Channel 2 bit 3 9 Channel 1 bit 1
17 Channel 2 bit 1 7:3 Unused
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15:12 Unused 1:0 Unused
11 Channel 1 bit 3
57.6.1 Authenticated state

When the HDMI is in the authenticated state, the HDCP module asserts signal
ENCRYPTION_EN to logic 1. The HDMI sends the valid video and audio data if encryption is
enabled (bit HDMI_CFG.HDCP_EN is set) and the HDMI is in authenticated state. If the HDMI is
not in the authenticated state, a default value is sent (see registers HDMI_ACTIVE_VID_YMIN,
HDMI_ACTIVE_VID_YMAX and HDMI_DEFAULT_CHL0_DATA). If encryption is not enabled,
the valid video and audio data are sent.
57.6.2 Enhanced ri computation mode support

For enhanced ri computation, it is necessary to capture the first pixel of the active window. To
facilitate this, the HDCP sets the signal RI_PIXEL_CAPTURE to high for one pix clock period
when VSYNC is asserted. On detection of the signal, the HDMI captures the pixel values.
Registers HDMI_ACTIVE_VID_XMIN and HDMI_ACTIVE_VID_YMIB set the location of the
pixel value to be captured. The captured pixels can be read from register
HDMI_CHL0_CAP_DATA. When the input video format is RGB, channel 0 data corresponds to
blue, channel 1 to green and channel 2 to red. An interrupt is generated if enabled.

57.7 Hot plug detect

The HDMI sink asserts a high when E-EDID (enhanced extended display identification data) is
available. The sink asserts this line only after detection of the +5 V line. The source uses hot plug
to initiate reading E-EDID data. The sink can drive the hot plug detect to low for at least 100 ms
to indicate a change in E-DID data. An input pin is provided to detect any changes in the hot plug
status. An interrupt is generated on change of the input pin logic level, if enabled.
57.8 Clocks
See Table 69: Video displays clocking for various application on page 156.
57.9 Reset
The HDMI frame formatter is reset by the global asynchronous reset. The TMDS interface
becomes active only after bit HDMI_CFG.DEVICE_EN is set.
57.10 Info frame programming

To program an info frame:
1. Check HDMI_STA.INFO_BUFF_STA is set to 1.
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Continue only if this bit is set, otherwise the processor has to wait till this bit is set by the HDMI
block.
2. Assemble header bytes as a word (with LSB containing HB0) and write into register
HDMI_IFRAME_HEAD_WD.
3. Assemble packet bytes as words and write to registers HDMI_IFRAME_PKT_WD[0 - 6].
This data is transferred to the FIFO.
4. Enable the info frame by setting bit HDMI_IFRAME_CFG.EN.
The HDMI block automatically infers the number of bytes to be transmitted from the lower
nibble of the third byte in register HDMI_IFRAME_HEAD_WD and starts transmitting the info
frame.
5. HDMI_IFRAME_FIFO_STA.BUSY is set once the HDMI cell starts transmitting the info frame.
It simultaneously resets HDMI_IFRAME_CFG.EN. The BUSY bit is reset only after the
complete info frame is transmitted.
6. HDMI_STA.INFO_BUFF_STA is set once all the data is read by the HDMI cell, not necessary
transmitted.
7. An interrupt is generated (if enabled) once the info frame buffer is empty.
8. The interrupt can be cleared by writing 1 into bit HDMI_INT_CLR.CLR_IFRAME_INT.
One info packet is sent each frame. One info packet may contain multiple info frames. A
maximum of 255 bytes may be carried in each info packet. This implies a maximum of 10 info
frames. To facilitate transmission of an info packet every new frame, an interrupt can be
generated (if enabled) on the start of a new frame. Assuming a typical frame rate of 60 Hz,
transmission of 10 info frames in one frame interval implies servicing 10 interrupts every 16 ms,
or one interrupt every 1.5 ms (maximum).

57.11 Data island definitions
57.11.1 Data island packet construction

Figure 236: BCH blocks during data island
Pixel 0 Pixel 1 Pixel 2 Pixel 31

Channel 0
Bit 0 0A0 1A0 2A0 ................ 31A0 Hsync
Bit 1 0A1 1A1 2A1 ................ 31A1 Vsync
Bit 2 0A2 1A2 2A2 ................ 31A2 BCH4
Bit 3 0A3 1A3 2A3 ................ 31A3

Channel 1
Bit 0 0B0 1B0 2B0 ................ 31B0 BCH0/1
Bit 1 0B1 1B1 2B1 ................ 31B1 BCH1/1
Bit 2 0B2 1B2 2B2 ................ 31B2 BCH2/1
Bit 3 0B3 1B3 2B3 ................ 31B3 BCH3/1

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Channel 2
Bit 0 0C0 1C0 2C0 ................ 31C0 BCH0/2
Bit 1 0C1 1C1 2C1 ................ 31C1 BCH1/2
Bit 2 0C2 1C2 2C2 ................ 31C2 BCH2/2
Bit 3 0C3 1C3 2C3 ................ 31C3 BCH3/2
Insertion of different BCH blocks during the data island period is shown in the figure above. BCH
block 0 is constructed by clubbing BCH0/1,BCH0/2 blocks together. Similarly BCH block 1,2, and
3 are constructed by clubbing BCH1/1, BCH1/2; BCH 2/1, BCH 2/2 and BCH3/1,BCH 3/2 blocks
respectively.

The structure of BCH4 is also shown in Figure 237.
Figure 237: Formation of BCH blocks
BCH block 0
0B0 0C0 1B0 1C0 2B0 2C0 ................ 31B0 31C0
Bit 0 Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4 Bit 5 Bit 6 Bit 7 ................ Bit 6 Bit 7
Subpacket 0
byte 0 Byte 1 Byte 2 Byte3 Byte 4 Byte 5 BCH byte BCH block 0
Byte 6
Byte 0 Byte 1 Byte 2 Byte3 Byte 4 Byte 5 BCH byte BCH block 1
Byte 6
Byte6
Byte6
Subpacket 3
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Header packet
0A2 1A2 2A2 3A2 4A2 5A2 ................ 30A2 31A2
Bit 0 Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4 Bit 5 Bit 6 Bit 7 ................ Bit 6 Bit 7
Byte 0 Byte 1 Byte 2 BCH byte
Packet header
57.11.2 Data island packet definitions

The packet during the data island consists of two sections, one the packet header and the other
the packet body. The packet header is three bytes long, with one byte of BCH code. The packet
header specifies the current type of packet. The first byte of the packet header specifies packet
type, the next two bytes contain the packet specific data.
The packet body consists of four subpackets. Each subpacket is seven bytes long with one BCH
byte. The data payload of the packet is carried in the packet body.
The packet header and the packet body for each of the packets types are described in the
following sections.
57.11.2.1Null packet
All the three bytes of the header packet and all the bytes of each of the subpackets of a null
packet contain 0x00.

57.11.2.2Audio clock regeneration packet

The contents of the header bytes of the audio clock regeneration packet are shown in Table 187.
Table 187: Header bytes of audio clock regeneration packet
Bits
Bytes
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
HB0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
HB1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
HB2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
All the four subpackets contain the same information. The contents of the subpacket are shown
in Table 188.
Table 188: Subpacket bytes of audio clock regeneration packet
Bits
Bytes
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SB0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SB1 0 0 0 0 CTS_19 CTS_18 CTS_17 CTS_16
SB2 CTS_15 CTS_14 CTS_13 CTS_12 CTS_11 CTS_10 CTS_9 CTS_8
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SB3 CTS_7 CTS_6 CTS_5 CTS_4 CTS_3 CTS_2 CTS_1 CTS_0

SB4 0 0 0 0 N_19 N_18 N_17 N_16
SB5 N_15 N_14 N_13 N_12 N_11 N_10 N_9 N_8
SB6 N_7 N_6 N_5 N_4 N_3 N_2 N_1 N_0
57.11.2.3Audio sample packet

The contents of the header bytes of the audio sample packet are shown in Table 189.
Table 189: Header bytes of audio sample packet
Bits
Bytes
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
HB0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
HB1 0 0 0 layout sample sample sample sample
present.sp3 present.sp2 present.sp1 present.sp0
HB2 B.3 B.2 B.1 B.0 sample sample sample sample
flat.sp3 flat.sp2 flat.sp1 flat.sp0
layout: Indicates which of two possible audio sample packet layouts are used.
sample present.spX: indicates if subpacket X contains an audio sample
sample flat.spX: Bit is set if no useful audio data is available. Valid only if sample present.spX is
set.
B.X: is set if subpacket X contains the first frame of the IEC60958 block.

Table 190: Subpacket bytes of audio sample packet
Bits
Bytes
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SB0 L.11 L.10 L.9 L.8 L.7 L.6 L.5 L.4
SB1 L.19 L.18 L.17 L.16 L.15 L.14 L.13 L.12
SB2 L.27 L.26 L.25 L.24 L.23 L.22 L.21 L.20
SB3 R.11 R.10 R.9 R.8 R.7 R.6 R.5 R.4
SB4 R.19 R.18 R.17 R.16 R.15 R.14 R.13 R.12
SB5 R.27 R.26 R.25 R.24 R.23 R.22 R.21 R.20
SB6 PR CR UR VR PL CL UL VL
The possible layouts are listed in Table 191.
Table 191: Layouts for audio sample packets
Layout Max num

Samples Subpkt 0 Subpkt 1 Subpkt 2 Subpkt 3
value channels
0 2 4 Channels 1, 2, Channels 1, 2, Channels 1, 2, Channels 1, 2,
sample 0 sample 1 sample 2 sample 3
1 8 1 Channels 1, 2, Channels 3, 4, Channels 5, 6, Channels 7, 8,
sample 0 sample 0 sample 0 sample 0
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57.11.2.4Info frame packet

The contents of the header bytes of the info packet are shown in Table 192.
Table 192: Header bytes of info packet
Bits
Bytes
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
HB0 1 INFOFRAME_TYPE
HB1 INFOFRAME_VERSION
HB2 0 0 0 INFOFRAME_LENGTH
The bytes in the packet body are shown in Table 193.
Table 193: Subpacket bytes of info packet
Bits
Bytes
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PB0 Checksum
PB1 Data byte 1
PB2 Data byte 2
PB3 - PB26 .................
PB27 Data byte 27
The packet bytes are mapped onto individual subpackets as shown below.

● Subpacket0 SB0 to SB6 to PB0 to PB6.

57.11.2.5General control packet

The general control packet is transmitted only between an active edge of Vsync and 384 pixels
following the active edge.
The contents of the header bytes of the general control packet are shown in the Table 194.
All four subpackets are identical. The contents of the subpackets are shown in Table 195.
Table 194: Header bytes of general control packet
Bits
Bytes
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
HB0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
HB1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
HB2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 195: Subpacket bytes of general control packet
Bits
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Bytes
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SB0 0 0 0 CLR_AVMUTE 0 0 0 SET_AVMUTE
SB1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SB2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SB3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SB4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SB5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SB6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

58 HDMI registers STx7100
58 HDMI registers
Register addresses are provided as HDMIBaseAddress + offset.

The HDMIBaseAddress is:
0x1900 5800.
The register address space is non-contiguous, to facilitate addition of new registers. Writes to
read-only registers have no effect on the contents of these registers and reads from write only
registers return all 0s.
The HDMI Frame formatter occupies an address space of 1 KBytes, 0x000 to 0x3FF. It is
expected that a response request is generated for any requests within the 1 K address map.
Table 196: Register summary table

HDMI_CFG Configuration 0x000 R/W
HDMI_INT_EN Interrupt enable 0x004
HDMI_INT_STA Interrupt status 0x008 RO
HDMI_INT_CLR Interrupt clear 0x00C WO
HDMI_STA Status 0x010 RO
HDMI_EXTS_MAX_DLY Max. time between extended control periods 0x014 R/W
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HDMI_EXTS_MIN Duration of extended control period 0x018

Reserved - 0x01C - 0x0FC
HDMI_ACTIVE_VID_XMIN Active video window co-ordinates 0x100
HDMI_ACTIVE_VID_XMAX 0x104
HDMI_ACTIVE_VID_YMIN 0x108
HDMI_ACTIVE_VID_YMAX 0x10C
HDMI_DEFAULT_CHL0_DATA Channel data to be sent when the HDCP is 0x110
not authenticated
HDMI_DEFAULT_CHL1_DATA 0x114
HDMI_DEFAULT_CHL2_DATA 0x118
HDMI_CHL0_CAP_DATA Captured data 0x11C RO
Reserved - 0x120 - 0x1FC -
HDMI_AUD_CFG Audio configuration 0x200 R/W
HDMI_IFRAME_HEAD_WD Header word of AVI info frame 0x210 R/W
HDMI_IFRAME_PKT_WDn Info frame packet data word 0 - 6 0x214 - 0x22C
HDMI_IFRAME_CFG Configure the info frame 0x230
HDMI_IFRAME_FIFO_STA Info frame FIFO status 0x240 R/W
HDMI_SAMPLE_FLAT_MASK Sample flat mask 0x244
HDMI_GEN_CTRL_PKT_CFG Configuration for general control packet 0x248 R/W
Reserved - 0x24C - 0xFFC -
See also Chapter 54: Video output stage (VOS) registers, HDMI_PHY_LCK_STA on page 637.

STx7100 58 HDMI registers
HDMI_CFG HDMI configuration
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ESS_NOT_OESS
HDMI_NOT_DVI
BCH_CLK_RAT
SW_RST_EN
PIXEL_RPT
SYNC_POL
HDCP_EN
HDMI_EN
DLL_CFG
Reserved
Reserved
Address: HDMIBaseAddress + 0x000
Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: The register contents like DEVICE_EN, HDMI_NOT_DVI, HDCP_EN, ESS_NOT_OESS,
422_EN, and PIXEL_RPT are expected to take effect from the new frame onwards.
[31] SW_RST_EN
To enable software reset, bit SW_RST must be set to 1. This forces the state machines to reset state
(except the STBus FSM) and re-initialize FIFOs (resets write and read pointers only). The soft reset
execution is synchronous to appropriate clocks in which the soft reset has to be executed. This bit has to
be re-set to 0 after completion of software reset.
1: Soft reset enable
[30:13] Reserved
[12] BCH_CLK_RAT: BCH clock ratio
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0: BCH clock = 2 x TMDS clock 1: BCH clock = 4 x TMDS clock

[11:10] DLL_CFG: Configure relationship between DLL clock and TMDS clock
[9] PIXEL_RPT
1: Enable pixel repetition by 2
[8:5] Reserved
Set to 0
[4] SYNC_POL: Sync polarity
0: HSYNC and VSYNC active high 1: HSYNC and VSYNC active low
[3] ESS_NOT_OESS
This bit is valid only if HDCP_EN is set to 1.
0: OESS Enable 1: ESS Enable
[2] HDCP_EN
1: Enable HDCP interface
[1] HDMI_NOT_DVI
0: DVI compatible frame generation 1: Enable HDMI compatible frame generation
[0] HDMI_EN
1: Enable HDMI

HDMI_INT_EN HDMI interrupt enable
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SPDIF_FIFO_OVRUN_INT_EN
GENCTRL_PKT_INT_EN
INFO_FRAME_INT_EN
HOT_PLUG_INT_EN
NEW_FRM_INT_EN
DLL_LCK_INT_EN
PIX_CAP_INT_EN
SW_RST_INT_EN
INT_EN
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[30:9] Reserved
[8] SPDIF_FIFO_OVRUN_INT_EN
1: Enable interrupt on S/PDIF FIFO overrun
[7] GENCTRL_PKT_INT_EN
1: Enable interrupt on general control packet
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[6] NEW_FRM_INT_EN
1: Enable interrupt on new frame
[5] DLL_LCK_INT_EN
1: Enable interrupt on DLL lock
[4] HOT_PLUG_INT_EN
1: Enable interrupt on change in hot_plug_in logic toggle
[3] PIX_CAP_INT_EN
1: Enable interrupt after capture of first active pixel
[2] INFO_FRAME_INT_EN
1: Enable interrupt after info frame transmission
[1] SW_RST_INT_EN
1: Enable interrupt after soft reset completion
[0] INT_EN
1: Global interrupt enable

HDMI_INT_STA Interrupt status
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SPDIF_FIFO_OVRUN_INT_PEND
GENCTRL_PKT_INT_PEND
INFO_FRAME_INT_PEND
HOT_PLUG_INT_PEND
NEW_FRM_INT_PEND
DLL_LCK_INT_PEND
PIX_CAP_INT_PEND
SW_RST_INT_PEND
INT_PEND
Reserved

Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description: All the bits in the interrupt status register are set only when the corresponding bit in the
interrupt enable register is set and bit 0 of the interrupt enable register is set. The bit in the
interrupt status can be cleared by performing a clear bit (write with the bit set to 1)
operation at the corresponding location in interrupt clear register.
[31:9] Reserved
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[8] SPDIF_FIFO_OVRUN_INT_PEND
1: Interrupt on S/PDIF FIFO overrun pending
[7] GENCTRL_PKT_INT_PEND
1: Interrupt on general control packet pending
[6] NEW_FRM_INT_PEND
1: Interrupt on new frame pending
[5] DLL_LCK_INT_PEND
1: Interrupt on DLL lock pending
[4] HOT_PLUG_INT_PEND: Hot plug interrupt pending
1: Any change in logic state of hot_plug_in signal is detected.
[3] PIX_CAP_INT_PEND
1: Pixel capture interrupt pending - set when the pixel data is captured.
[2] INFO_FRAME_INT_PEND
1: Info frame transmission interrupt pending
Set when the info frame buffer is empty
[1] SW_RST_INT_PEND
1: Soft reset completion interrupt pending - set when the software reset process is complete in all the
clock domains. Once set it can be reset only clearbit operation.
Clearing this bit does not de-assert sw reset. If this bit is kept asserted, recursive soft reset interrupts
should not occur.
[0] INT_PEND: Global interrupt pending
1: Global interrupt pending - any interrupt status bit is set to 1. Cannot be cleared by clear bit operation.

HDMI_INT_CLR Interrupt clear
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CLR_SPDIF_FIFO_OVRUN_INT
CLR_GENCTRL_PKT_INT
CLR_HOT_PLUG_INT
CLR_NEW_FRM_INT
CLR_DLL_LCK_INT
CLR_PIX_CAP_INT
CLR_SW_RST_INT
CLR_IFRAME_INT
Reserved
Reserved
Address: HDMIBaseAddress + 0x00C

Type: WO
Reset: 0
Description:
[31:9] Reserved
[8] CLR_SPDIF_FIFO_OVRUN_INT
1: Clear interrupt on S/PDIF FIFO overrun
[7] CLR_GENCTRL_PKT_INT
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1: Clear interrupt on general control packet

[6] CLR_NEW_FRM_INT
1: Clear interrupt on new frame
[5] CLR_DLL_LCK_INT
1: Clear interrupt on DLL lock
[4] CLR_HOT_PLUG_INT
1: Clear hot plug interrupt
[3] CLR_PIX_CAP_INT
1: Clear pixel capture interrupt
[2] CLR_IFRAME_INT
1: Clear info frame transmission interrupt
[1] CLR_SW_RST_INT
1: Clear soft reset interrupt
[0] Reserved

HDMI_STA Status
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
HOT_PLUG_STS
INFO_BUFF_STA
PIX_CAP_STA
SW_RST_STA
DLL_LCK
Reserved
Reserved

Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description:
[31:6] Reserved
[5] DLL_LCK: DLL lock
[4] HOT_PLUG_STS: Logic level on hot plug in line
[3] PIX_CAP_STA
1: After pixel is stored and ri calculation enabled, is reset after reading the pixel contents.
[2] INFO_BUFF_STA
1: Info buffer empty.
[1] SW_RST_STA
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1: Soft reset complete, Bit is reset when bit HDMI_CFG.SW_RST is reset.

[0] Reserved
HDMI_EXTS_MAX_DLY Maximum time between extended control periods
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved MAX_DLY

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register holds the maximum time between extended control periods in number of
VSYNC occurrences. It is expected that the maximum time between the extended control
periods will not exceed 50 ms. For a frame rate of 50 or 60 Hz, the extended control period
has to be sent every two frames.
0000: 16 Vsyncs
0001: 1 Vsync
Default value to be written: 0010

HDMI_EXTS_MIN Minimum duration of extended control periods
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved EXTS_MIN

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Specifies the minimum duration of extended control periods in TMDS clocks.
0: 256 clocks
Default value to be written: 0x32
HDMI_ACTIVE_VID_XMIN Xmin active video
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved XMIN

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: The video data is considered active only for those pixels whose line number is greater than
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or equal to the contents of HDMI_ACTIVE_VID_YMIN and whose pixel number is greater

than or equal to XMIN.
[31:13] Reserved
[12:0] XMIN: Xmin value in pix clocks.
HDMI_ACTIVE_VID_XMAX Xmax active video
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved XMAX

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Maximum number of pixels per line.
[31:13] Reserved
[12:0] XMAX: xmax value in pix clocks.

HDMI_ACTIVE_VID_YMIN Ymin active video
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved YMIN

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Line from which an active video starts.
[31:13] Reserved
[12:0] YMIN: ymin value in pix clocks.
HDMI_ACTIVE_VID_YMAX Ymax active video
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved YMAX

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
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Description: Maximum number of lines in a frame.

[31:13] Reserved
[12:0] YMAX: ymax value in pix clocks.
Note: xmin, xmax, ymin and ymax must be programmed appropriately before the DEVICE_EN bit
is set. If the values of xmin, ymin, xmax and ymax are at zero, the video frame will not start.
HDMI_DEFAULT_CHL0_DATA Default channel 0 data
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved CHL0_DATA

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register stores a default value of the data that has to be transmitted on channel 0
when the encryption is enabled and the HDMI is not authenticated.
[31:8] Reserved
[7:0] CHL0_DATA: Contains the channel 0 default data

31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved CHL1_DATA

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
[31:8] Reserved
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved CHL2_DATA

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
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[31:8] Reserved
HDMI_CHL0_CAP_DATA Channel 0 capture data
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved CHL0_DATA

Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description: The captured data corresponding to channel 0 is stored here.
[31:8] Reserved
[7:0] CHL2_DATA: Contains the channel 0 captured data

HDMI_AUD_CFG Audio configuration
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
FIFO3_OVR_CLR
FIFO2_OVR_CLR
FIFO1_OVR_CLR
FIFO0_OVR_CLR
SPDIF_DIV
Reserved
LAYOUT
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[31:8] Reserved
[7] FIFO3_OVR_CLR
1: Clear FIFO3 overrun status
[6] FIFO2_OVR_CLR
[5] FIFO1_OVR_CLR
[4] FIFO0_OVR_CLR
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[3] Reserved
[2:1] SPDIF_DIV
00: Divide input S/PDIF clock by 1 before using
[0] LAYOUT
0: Two channel audio
1: Eight channel audio
HDMI_IFRAME_HEAD_WD Info frame header word
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved HB2 HB1 HB0

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: The info frame header bytes are written into the register below.
[31:24] Reserved
[23:16] HB2: Header byte 2; bits 23:20 are always 0
[15:8] HB1: Header byte 1
[7:0] HB0: Header byte 0

HDMI_IFRAME_PKT_WDn Info frame packet word n
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PKT_WD_n*4+3 PKT_WD_n*4+2 PKT_WD_n*4+1 PKT_WD_n*4+0
Address: HDMIBaseAddress + 0x214 + 4n

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: There are seven registers (n = 0 to 6) corresponding to 28 bytes in the packet data.
[31:24] PKT_WD_n*4+3: Packet word 3
Contains the packet bytes.
HDMI_IFRAME_CFG Info frame configuration
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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Reserved EN

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[31:1] Reserved
[0] EN
1: Enable info frame with data in the FIFO

HDMI_IFRAME_FIFO_STA Info frame FIFO status
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
HEADER_BYTES
BUSY
Reserved PKT_BYTES Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: The status of the header bytes and the packet FIFO can be inferred by reading from this
register.
[31:13] Reserved
[12:8] PKT_BYTES: Packet bytes
0 0000: FiFO empty
0 0001: One byte in FIFO
0 0010: Two bytes in FIFO
................
1 1100: 28 Bytes, FIFO full
1 1110: Undefined
1 1111: Undefined
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[7:3] Reserved
[2:1] HEADER_BYTES
00: Empty
01: one valid byte
10: two valid bytes
11: Header byte word full
[o] BUSY
1: FIFO busy, Data being read from the FIFO
HDMI_SAMPLE_FLAT_MSK Sample flat mask
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved SP3SP2SP1SP0

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: If a bit is set, then the sample flat bit for the corresponding audio subpacket in the audio
sample packet is also set. Setting this bit overrides any internal generated conditions for
the sample flat bit for the sub packet.
[31:4] Reserved
[3] SP3: Sample flat bit for sp3

HDMI_GEN_CTRL_PKT_CFG General control packet configuration
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
BUFF_NOT_REG
AVMUTE
EN
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Transmission of the general control packet can be enabled using this register.
The general control packet is transmitted only when bit 0 (enable) is set to 1.
If bit 1 (BUFF_NOT_REG) is reset, the general control packet is formatted by the
hardware and the status in the bit2 (AVMUTE) is sent in the general control packet. If
this bit is set, the contents of the AVI info buffer (both header and packet words) are
sent. It is expected that all the 28 words are sent and the count value is overridden.
While sending the general control packet from the buffer the rules of sending the packet
like, it has to be sent only between active edge of VSYNC and 384 pixel clocks following
has to be respected.
If bit 1 (AVMUTE) is at 0 then bit AVMUTE_CLR in the subpacket is set and
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AVMUTE_SET bit is reset. If this bit is set then AVMUTE_CLR bit is reset and
AVMUTE_SET bit is set in the subpacket.
The general packet has to only transmitted between the active edge of VSYNC and 384
pixels following this edge. Once the general packet is transmitted the enable bit is reset
to 0. An interrupt is generated if enabled after completion of general packet
transmission.
[31:3] Reserved
[2] AVMUTE: AVMute status
[1] BUFF_NOT_REG
0: AVMUTE inferred from next bit
1: Data in the buffer transmitted
[0] EN: Enable general control packet transmission

STx7100
Part 7
Audio
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59 Audio subsystem STx7100
59 Audio subsystem
59.1 Overview
The STx7100 audio subsystem decodes and plays different standards of multichannel
compressed audio streams.
The audio decoder is a 400 MHz ST231 CPU core, which basically reads encoded data from
memory and writes decoded PCM data into memory. The audio ST231 is a slave to the ST40
host CPU, and can execute its code through either the EMI or LMI (system and video). The audio
stream (encoded or decoded) can be received either from an external source via the digital PCM
input interface or by an internal source such as the transport subsystem via the memory.
Decoded audio data is output in both analog and digital formats.
For more information on the ST231, see Chapter 4: CPUs on page 36.
Audio outputs
The decoded audio data can be output via a stereo analog DAC on output pins
AUDANAPLEFTOUT, AUDANAMLEFTOUT, AUDANAPRIGHTOUT and AUDANAMRIGHTOUT.
The STx7100 also provides a digital 10-channels PCM output on pins AUD0PCMOUT0,
AUD0PCMOUT1, AUD0PCMOUT2, AUD0PCMOUT3, AUD0PCMOUT4, AUD0PCMCLK_OUT,
AUD0LRCLKOUT and AUD0SCLKOUT.
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An S/PDIF output on pin AUDSPDIFOUT is available to provide compressed or decoded audio

PCM data.
Audio input
Stereo PCM data can be captured by the STx7100 via the input pins AUDATAIN, AUDSTRBIN
and AUDLRCLKIN.
59.2 Features
The STx7100 audio decoder features are as follows:
● compatible with all popular audio standards,
● PCM Mixing with internal or external source with sample rate conversion (32, 44.1, 48 KHz),
● encoded (IEC 61937) digital audio on S/PDIF output,
● 6-to-2 channel downmixing,
● PCM audio input (I2S format),

● multichannel digital PCM output (10 channels),
● stereo analog output,
● 2-channel description channel decoding,
● post-processing (channel virtualization): Dolby Pro Logic downmix, volume control, bass
redirection.

STx7100 59 Audio subsystem
59.3 Block diagram

The audio subsystem block diagram is shown in Figure 238, and comprises the following
functional units:
● An audio processor ST231 core running at 400 MHz executes the decoding algorithms, the
sample-rate conversion, the post-processing and the volume control.
● A PCM reader captures data at the PCM input. The data is then stored in memory via an
FDMA channel.
● Two PCM players get decoded PCM data from memory via FDMA channels. PCM player 0
delivers a decoded 10-channel audio stream to the output pins; PCM player 1 delivers a
downmixed PCM data to the audio DAC.
● An S/PDIF player reads encoded data from memory via an FDMA channel.
● Three frequency synthesizers (comprising clockgen C) generate audio clocks used by the
S/PDIF player, PCM players and audio DAC. Synthesizer FS0 clocks the PCM player
associated to the PCM output; FS1 clocks the PCM player and the audio DAC; FS2 clocks
the S/PDIF.
● A stereo 24-bit audio DAC with differential outputs provides the analog output stream.
Figure 238: Audio subsystem block diagram
Audio subsystem IRQ

FIFO
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32 PCM input from pad

PCM
reader (SCLK, LRCLK, SDATA)
DMA req
Audio
Freq
Audio Synth #2
processor 64
IRQ ST231 IRQ

FIFO S/PDIF
32 S/PDIF to pad
player output
Memory
DMA req
Mailbox
ES Audio data
IRQ
FIFO
32 PCM
IRQ
ST40 player 1
PCM Audio data
DMA req
SPDIF Audio data 32 Audio Stereo Analog

config to pad
DAC
LMI registers left/right
output
Audio
DMA freq
reqs synth 1
Audio buffers
DMA req
FDMA FIFO
32 PCM output to pad
PCM
Player 0
(SCLK, LRCLK, SDATA)
IRQ
256 x FS
Audio (oversampling
freq clock)
synth 0
STBus

59.4 Operation
Both host CPU (an ST40 core) and FDMA are used during the audio decoding process.
Since the audio decoder is a frame-decoder, the host CPU is required to control the audio
processor frame-by-frame. A mailbox is used for the communication between the two
processors,
The FDMA is used to build the ES buffer, feed the PCM and S/PDIF players and store in memory
the data captured by the PCM reader.
59.5 Audio clocks generator (clock generator C)

The audio clocks generator generates the clocks for the two PCM players, the S/PDIF player and
the audio DAC. These clocks are generated from the three channels (FS0, FS1 and FS2) of a
single quad-frequency synthesizer.
The reference clock used by the synthesizer is either the clock connected to the SYSBCLKINALT
pin or the 30 MHz generated from the SATA PHY. This frequency synthesizer is continuously
adjusted by the clock recovery mechanism (refer to Chapter 17: Clocks on page 147).
The output clock is obtained by a digital algorithm controlled by the following parameters:
● MD[4:0]: coarse selector for the phase taps selection,
● PE[15:0]: fine selector for the phase taps selection,
● SD[2:0]: output divider.

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There is a set of such parameters for each of the three channels.

The output frequency is given by the formula:
15
2 ⋅ F PLL
F out = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
⎛ ⎛ md ⎞ ⎞
sdiv × pe ⋅ 1 + ------- – ⎝ ( pe – 2 ) ⋅ ⎝ 1 + -----------------⎠ ⎠ ⎛ 15 ⎛ md + 1 ⎞ ⎞
⎝ ⎝ 32 ⎠ ⎠ 32
with FPLL equal to 27 or 30 MHz.
To avoid glitches at the frequency synthesizer output, only the MD, PE and EN_PRG parameters
can be changed. The other parameters can be changed but glitches will occur.
The following registers control clock generator C:
● Register AUD_FSYN_CFG controls frequency synthesizer global parameters such as
power-down, reference clock source or PLL filter selection.
● Configuration registers AUD_FSYN0_MD, AUD_FSYN0_PE, AUD_FSYN0_SDIV and
AUD_FSYN0_PROG_EN setup the clock of the frequency synthesizer channel 0.
Changing the clock frequency

To change the clock frequency, the PROG_EN register must be set to 0 before changing the
values of the registers MD, PE and SDIV. Setting the register PROG_EN to 1 enables the new
setup.

59.6 Audio DAC

The audio DAC is a 24-bit digital-to-analog converter operating at 256 FS (sampling frequency).
The maximum sampling frequency is 96 KHz. The audio DAC clock is produced by the audio
frequency synthesizer channel 1 and the input data is delivered by PCM player 1.
The DAC input is serial (I2S format) and the DAC output is an analog differential current output.
The DAC features are as follows:
● 24 bits stereo DAC, I2S format,
● differential output current,
● 110 dB dynamic range,
● -98 dB total harmonic distortion (THD),
● 256 FS sampling frequency.
Figure 239: Audio DAC input format
Left
LRCLK Right
SCLK
MSB LSB
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SDIN
1 bit 20 bits 11 bits
The configuration register AUD_ADAC_CTRL controls the power-down, the reset and the mute
of the audio DAC. See also Chapter 14: Audio DAC on page 129.
59.7 Audio output configuration

The register AUD_IO_CTRL contains bit to control the direction of the PCMOUT pins and the
direction of the PCMCLKOUT pin. After reset, these pins are in high-impedance mode.

59.8 Audio DAC and frequency synthesizer connections

Figure 240 shows the connections between clock generator C, the audio peripherals and audio
DAC.
Figure 240: Audio DAC & frequency synthesizer connections
data from
FDMA Stereo
PCM
SCLK, LRCLK, SDOUT
request Player 1
to FDMA
Analog stereo PCM output
CLK_PCM1 SCLK, LRCLK, SDIN
AUDANAPLEFTOUT
Left channel
AUDANAMLEFTOUT
Audio
DAC
AUDANAPRIGHTOUT
CLK_PCM_DAC Right channel
AUDANAMRIGHTOUT
27/30 MHz FSYN_CFG.REFCLK

reference Digital multi-channel PCM output
Data from FDMA
clock from pad Multichannel AUD0PCMOUT0
SYSCLKINBALT PCM AUD0PCMOUT1
Request to FDMA
Player 0 AUD0PCMOUT2
30 MHz AUD0PCMOUT3
reference clock FSYN_CFG.PCMCLK_SEL[1] AUD0PCMOUT4
from SATA PHY CLK_PCM0
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FSYN_CFG.PCMCLK_SEL[0] AUD0PCMCLKOUT
Audio
frequency EXT_CLK_PCM
synthesizer
CLK_PCM0
channel
CLK_PCM1
channel EXT_CLK_PCM
CLK_SPDIF
channel
FSYN_CFG.PCMCLK_SEL[2]
data Digital S/PDIF output

from S/PDIF
FDMA AUDSPDIFOUT
Player
request
to FDMA
59.9 PCM player 0 and 1
59.9.1 Overview
The PCM player receives audio data from the FDMA and provides outputs on serial output
channels. It includes a 40 bytes internal FIFO for 10 channels. The STx7100 integrates 2 PCM
players, PCM player 1 uses 2-channel only and PCM player 0 uses up to 10-channels.
Interface with the FDMA

The PCM player communicates with the FDMA via a request signal connected to one of the
paced-access FDMA channels (request index 26 for PCM player 0 and request index 27 for PCM
player 1). When the internal FIFO is empty, a request is generated to the FDMA which will
execute 10 4-bytes store operations to the PCM player 32-bits interface. The FDMA request will
be de-asserted as soon as the first data is written in the FIFO.

S/PDIF latency
It may be necessary to synchronize the PCM players with the S/PDIF player to take into account
the decoding time of the external decoder/amplifier connected to the S/PDIF. This
synchronization is achieved by a pulse generated by the S/PDIF player and received by the PCM
player that will start to produce data after receiving this pulse.
Both PCM player 0 and 1 can be synchronized with the S/PDIF player. This feature is defined in
AUD_PCM_CTRL register.
Figure 241: PCM players and S/PDIF player synchronization
Decoder latency
Start S/PDIF Encoded

Host S/PDIF External
CPU player data Decoder
synchronized
SPDIF_EOF_LATENCY
outputs
PCM decoded data

AND PCM
player 0
Start PCM 0
PCM PCM decoded data

AND
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player 1
Start PCM 1
Interrupt
The PCM players can generate an interrupt in the following conditions: FIFO underflow or when
a predefined number of bytes has been read from memory (defined in AUD_PCM_CTRL
register).
The interrupts are handled via the register AUD_PCM_ITS (interrupt status),
AUD_PCM_ITS_CLEAR, AUD_PCM_IT_ENABLE, AUD_PCM_IT_ENABLE_SET,
AUD_PCM_IT_ENABLE_CLEAR.
Clocking
The two PCM players are clocked by two different frequency synthesizer channels (0 and 1). The
synthesizer generates the audio oversampling clock from which the PCM serial clock and left-
right clock are derived. The ratio between the frequency synthesizer clock frequency and the
serial clock is defined in the register AUD_PCM_CTRL.
Control
The register AUD_PCM_CTRL controls the modes of operation (PCM or compressed data), the
memory storage format and the clocking parameters.
Format
A number of format are supported: 16 or 32 bits per subframe, 24, 20, 18 or 16 bits data. The
data alignment and the clock edge polarity can also be defined by the register
AUD_PCM_FORMAT.
Status
The status of the PCM players is reported in the register AUD_PCM_FORMAT.

59.10 S/PDIF player
59.10.1 Overview
The S/PDIF player supports the IEC-61937 (compressed audio data) standard.
The S/PDIF player receives formatted audio data from the FDMA and outputs these audio data
on the S/PDIF output pin. It includes an internal 8-bytes FIFO.

The S/PDIF player communicates with the FDMA via a request signal connected to one of the
paced-access FDMA channels (request index 28). When the internal FIFO is empty, a request is
generated to the FDMA which will execute 2 4-bytes store operations to the S/PDIF player 32-
bits interface. The FDMA request will be de-asserted as soon as the first data is written into the
FIFO.
Interrupt
The S/PDIF player can generate an interrupt in the following conditions: FIFO underflow, end of
data burst, end of block, EOF latency, EOF Pd databurst or when a predefined number of bytes
has been read from memory (defined in AUD_SPDIF_CTRL register).
The interrupts are handled via the register AUD_SPDIF_ITS (interrupt status),
AUD_SPDIF_ITS_CLEAR, AUD_SPDIF_IT_ENABLE, AUD_SPDIF_IT_ENABLE_SET,
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AUD_SPDIF_IT_ENABLE_CLEAR.
Clocking
The S/PDIF player is clocked by the frequency synthesizer channel 2. The ratio between the
frequency synthesizer clock frequency and the S/PDIF clock is defined in the register
AUD_SPDIF_CTRL.
Control
The register AUD_SPDIF_CTRL controls the mode of operation and the clocking parameters.
Burst parameters
The burst parameters pa_pb, pc_pd, channel status bit, user and validity bits, burst length are
defined in the registers AUD_SPDIF_PA_PB, AUD_SPDIF_PC_PD, AUD_SPDIF_CL1,
AUD_SPDIF_CR1, AUD_SPDIF_CL2_CR2_UV, AUD_SPDIF_PAUSE_LAT,
AUD_SPDIF_FRMLGTH_BURST.
Status
The register AUD_SPDIF_STA reports data related to the S/PDIF player state such as data
underflow, end of burst, end of block, and end of subframe.

59.11 PCM reader
59.11.1 Functional description

The PCM reader captures an external serial I2S input stream. After de-serialization, the data is
stored into memory. The data can be either PCM or compressed data. The PCM reader includes
an 8-bytes FIFO.

The PCM reader communicates with the FDMA via a request signal connected to one of the
paced-access FDMA channels (request index 29). When the internal FIFO is empty, a request is
generated to the FDMA, which executes two 4-byte load operations to the PCM reader’s 32-bit
interface. The FDMA request will be de-asserted as soon as the first data is read from the FIFO.
Interrupt
The PCM reader can generate an interrupt when the FIFO is in overflow.
The interrupts are handled via the register AUD_PCMIN_ITS (interrupt status),
AUD_PCMIN_ITS_CLEAR, AUD_PCMIN_IT_ENABLE, AUD_PCMIN_IT_ENABLE_SET,
AUD_PCMIN_IT_ENABLE_CLEAR.
Clocking
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The PCM reader is clocked by the external serial clock on pin AUDSTRBIN.
Control
The register AUD_PCMIN_CTRL controls the mode of operation and the memory storage
formats.
Format
The register AUD_PCMIN_FORMAT defines the number of bits per subframe, the data size and
the polarity of the serial and left-right clocks.
Status
The register AUD_PCMIN_STA reports data related to the PCM reader state such as: FIFO
overflow, the number of audio frames received between two vertical syncs and the state (running
or stopped) of the PCM reader.

60 Audio registers STx7100
60 Audio registers
Register addresses are provided as one of

AudioConfigBaseAddress + offset;
AudioPCM0BaseAddress + offset;
AudioPCM1BaseAddress + offset;
AudioSPDIFBaseAddress + offset;
AudioPCMReaderBaseAddress + offset.
The AudioConfigBaseAddress is:
0x1921 0000.
The AudioPCM0BaseAddress is:
0x1810 1000.
The AudioPCM1BaseAddress is:
0x1810 1800.
The AudioSPDIFBaseAddress is:
0x1810 3000.
The AudioPCMReaderBaseAddress is:
0x1810 2000.
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60.1 Summary
60.1.1 Audio configuration

Table 197: Audio configuration - register summary
Register name Function Offset Type Reset value
AUD_FSYN_CFG Frequency synthesizer global parameters 0x000 R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_FSYN0_MD Frequency synthesizer channel 0 coarse selection 0x010 R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_FSYN0_PE Frequency synthesizer channel 0 fine selection 0x014 R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_FSYN0_SDIV Frequency synthesizer channel 0 output divider 0x018 R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_FSYN0_PROG_EN Frequency synthesizer channel 0 program enable 0x01C R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_ADAC_CTRL Audio DAC control 0x100 R/W 0x0000 003F
AUD_IO_CTRL Audio outputs control 0x200 R/W 0x0000 0000

STx7100 60 Audio registers
60.1.2 PCM player 0

Table 198: PCM player 0 - register summary
AUD_PCMOUT0_RST PCM player 0 soft reset 0x000 R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_PCMOUT0_DATA PCM player 0 data FIFO 0x004 R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_PCMOUT0_ITS PCM player 0 interrupt status 0x008 RO 0x0000 0000
AUD_PCMOUT0_ITS_CLR PCM player 0 interrupt status clear 0x00C R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_PCMOUT0_IT_EN PCM player 0 interrupt enable 0x010 RO 0x0000 0000
AUD_PCMOUT0_IT_EN_SET PCM player 0 interrupt enable set 0x014 R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_PCMOUT0_IT_EN_CLR PCM player 0 interrupt enable clear 0x018 R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_PCMOUT0_CTRL PCM player 0 control 0x01C R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_PCMOUT0_STA PCM player 0 status 0x020 R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_PCMOUT0_FMT PCM player 0 format 0x024 R/W 0x0000 0000
60.1.3 PCM player 1

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Table 199: PCM player 1 - register summary
AUD_PCMOUT1_RST PCM player 1 soft reset 0x000 R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_PCMOUT1_DATA PCM player 1 data FIFO 0x004 R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_PCMOUT1_ITS PCM player 1 interrupt status 0x008 RO 0x0000 0000
AUD_PCMOUT1_ITS_CLR PCM player 1 interrupt status clear 0x00C R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_PCMOUT1_IT_EN PCM player 1 interrupt enable 0x010 RO 0x0000 0000
AUD_PCMOUT1_IT_EN_SET PCM player 1 interrupt enable set 0x014 R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_PCMOUT1_IT_EN_CLR PCM player 1 interrupt enable clear 0x018 R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_PCMOUT1_CTRL PCM player 1 control 0x01C R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_PCMOUT1_STA PCM player 1 status 0x020 R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_PCMOUT1_FMT PCM player 1 format 0x024 R/W 0x0000 0000

60.1.4 S/PDIF player

Table 200: S/PDIF player - register summary
AUD_SPDIF_RST S/PDIF player soft reset 0x000 R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_SPDIF_DATA S/PDIF player data FIFO 0x004 R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_SPDIF_ITS S/PDIF player interrupt status 0x008 RO 0x0000 0000
AUD_SPDIF_ITS_CLR S/PDIF player interrupt status clear 0x00C R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_SPDIF_IT_EN S/PDIF player interrupt enable 0x010 RO 0x0000 0000
AUD_SPDIF_IT_EN_SET S/PDIF player interrupt enable set 0x014 R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_SPDIF_IT_EN_CLR S/PDIF player interrupt enable clear 0x018 R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_SPDIF_CTRL S/PDIF player control 0x01C R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_SPDIF_STA S/PDIF player status 0x020 R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_SPDIF_PA_PB S/PDIF player Pa, Pb burst 0x024 R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_SPDIF_PC_PD S/PDIF player Pc, Pd burst 0x028 R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_SPDIF_CL1 S/PDIF player channel status for left subframes 0x02C R/W 0x0000 0000
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AUD_SPDIF_CR1 S/PDIF player channel status for right 0x030 R/W 0x0000 0000
subframes
AUD_SPDIF_CL2_CR2_UV S/PDIF player channel status for right and left 0x034 R/W 0x0000 0000
subframes, user and validity bits
AUD_SPDIF_PAU_LAT S/PDIF player pause gap length and latency 0x038 R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_SPDIF_FRA_LEN_BST S/PDIF player burst length 0x03C R/W 0x0000 0000
60.1.5 PCM reader

Table 201: PCM reader - register summary
AUD_PCMIN_RST PCM reader soft reset 0x000 R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_PCMIN_DATA PCM reader data FIFO 0x004 R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_PCMIN_ITS PCM reader interrupt status 0x008 RO 0x0000 0000
AUD_PCMIN_ITS_CLR PCM reader interrupt status clear 0x00C R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_PCMIN_IT_EN PCM reader interrupt enable 0x010 RO 0x0000 0000
AUD_PCMIN_IT_EN_SET PCM reader interrupt enable set 0x014 R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_PCMIN_IT_EN_CLR PCM reader interrupt enable clear 0x018 R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_PCMIN_CTRL PCM reader control 0x01C R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_PCMIN_STA PCM reader status 0x020 R/W 0x0000 0000
AUD_PCMIN_FMT PCM reader format 0x024 R/W 0x0000 0000

60.2 Audio configuration
AUD_FSYN_CFG Frequency synthesizer global parameters
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PCM_CLK_SEL
REF_CLK_IN
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
BW_SEL
FS_EN
NPDA
RSTP
NDIV
NSB
Address: AudioBaseAddress + 0x000
Type: R/W
Reset: 0xXX00 0000
Description: Defines the global parameters of the frequency synthesizer.
[31:24] Reserved
[23] REF_CLK_IN: Frequency synthesizer reference clock source
0: SATA PHY 30 MHz clock 1: SYSBCLKINALT clock
[22:18] Reserved
[17:16] BW_SEL: Frequency synthesizer reference clock filter
00: Very good reference 10: Bad reference
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01: Good reference 11: Very bad reference

[15] NDIV: Frequency synthesizer reference clock frequency
0: 27/30 MHz 1: 54/60 MHz
[14] NPDA: Frequency synthesizer analog power down mode - active low
[13:10] NSB: Frequency synthesizer digital part standby mode - active low
[13] Reserved
[12] SPDIF_FSYN2
[11] PCM_FSYN1
[10] PCM_FSYN0
[9] Reserved
[8:6] FS_EN: Enable frequency synthesizers - active high
[8] SPDIF_FSYN2
[7] PCM_FSYN1
[6] PCM_FSYN0
[5] Reserved
[4:2] PCM_CLK_SEL: Select the frequency synthesizer clock or the external PCM clock for each channel
[4] SPDIF_FSYN2
[3] PCM_FSYN1
[2] PCM_FSYN0
0: External clock 1: Frequency synthesizer clock
[1] Reserved
[0] RSTP: Frequency synthesizer reset - active high
0: The frequency synthesizer is running 1: Reset the frequency synthesizer

AUD_FSYN0_MD Frequency synthesizer channel 0 coarse selection
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved MD0

Type: R/W
Reset: 0xXXXX XX00
Description: Defines the MD parameter (coarse selection) for the frequency synthesizer channel 0.
The MD parameter is defined in the range [-1 to -16] ([0x1F to 0x0F]).
AUD_FSYN0_PE Frequency synthesizer channel 0 fine selection
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved PE0

Type: R/W
Reset: 0xXXXX 0000
Description: Defines the PE parameter (fine selection) for the frequency synthesizer channel 0. The
PE parameter is defined in the range [0, 215 - 1].
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AUD_FSYN0_SDIV Frequency synthesizer channel 0 output divider
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved SDIV0

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0
Description: Defines the SDIV parameter (output divider control) for the frequency synthesizer
channel 0. The SDIV0 parameter can take the values 2, 4, 8 or 256.
000: 2
001: 4
010: 8
011 - 110: Reserved
111: 256

AUD_FSYN0_PROG_EN Frequency synthesizer channel 0 program enable
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PROG_EN0
Reserved
Address: AudioBaseAddress + 0x01C

Type: R/W
Reset: 0xXXXX XXX1
Description: Defines the PROG_EN parameter (programming enable) for the frequency synthesizer
channel 0. This parameter must be set to 1 to take into account a new configuration.
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved MD1

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Type: R/W
Reset: 0xXXXX XX00
The MD parameter is defined in the range [-1, -16] ([0x1F, 0x0F]).
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved PE1

Type: R/W
Reset: 0xXXXX 0000

31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved SDIV1

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0xXXXX XXX0
Description: Defines the SDIV parameter (output divider control) for the frequency synthesizer
000: 2
001: 4
010: 8
011 - 110: Reserved
111: 256
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PROG_EN1
Reserved
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Type: R/W
Reset: 0xXXXX XXX1
0: PE1 and MD1 parameters are ignored.
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved MD2

Type: R/W
Reset:
The MD parameter is defined in the range [-1 to -16] ([0x1F to 0x0F]).

31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved PE2

Type: R/W
Reset: 0xXXXX 0000
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved SDIV2

Type: R/W
Reset: 0xXXXX XXX0
Defines the SDIV parameter (output divider control) for the frequency synthesizer
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000: 2
001: 4
010: 8
011 - 110: Reserved
111: 256
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PROG_EN2
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0xXXXX XXX1
0: PE2 and MD2 parameters are ignored.

AUD_ADAC_CTRL Audio DAC control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SOFTMUTE
PDNBG
PDANA
MODE
NRST
NSB
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0xXXXX XX00
Description: Controls the audio DAC.
[31:7] Reserved
[6] PDNBG: DAC bandgap power down - active low
[5] PDANA: DAC analog part power down mode - active low
[4] SOFTMUTE: DAC soft mute
[3] NSB: DAC digital part standby mode - active low
[2:1] MODE: Must be set to 00
[0] NRST: DAC reset - active low
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AUD_IO_CTRL Audio outputs control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PCM_CLK_EN
SPDIF_EN
DATA1_EN
DATA0_EN
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0xXXXX XXX0
Description: Controls the direction of the audio output pins.
[31:4] Reserved
[3] SPDIF_EN: Enable AUDSPDIFOUT
[2] DATA1_EN: AUDPCMOUT1, 2, 3, 4 pin direction
0: Input 1: Output
[1] DATA0_EN: AUDPCMOUT0 pin direction
0: Input 1: Output
[0] PCM_CLK_EN: AUDPCMCLK_OUT clock pin direction
0: Input 1: Output

60.3 PCM player 0
AUD_PCMOUT0_RST PCM Player 0 soft reset
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SRSTP
Reserved
Address: AudioPCM0BaseAddress + 0x000

Type: R/W
Reset: 0xXXXX XXX0
Description: Soft reset the PCM player - active high.
AUD_PCMOUT0_DATA PCM player 0 data FIFO
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DATA

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 0000
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Description: PCM player data to be stored in the FIFO.
AUD_PCMOUT0_ITS PCM player 0 interrupt status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NSAMPLE
UNF
Reserved

Type: RO
Reset: 0x0000 0000
Description: 1 indicates an interrupt.
[31:2] Reserved: 0000
[1] NSAMPLE
1: The defined number of samples has been read from memory.
[0] UNF
1: FIFO underflow

AUD_PCMOUT0_ITS_CLR PCM player 0 interrupt status clear
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NSAMPLE
UNF
Reserved
Address: AudioPCM0BaseAddress + 0x00C

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 000C
Description: 1 clears the corresponding interrupt.
[31:29] Reserved: 0000
[1] NSAMPLE
1: Clear the interrupt generated by the defined number of samples being read from memory
[0] UNF
1: Clear the FIFO underflow interrupt
AUD_PCMOUT0_IT_EN PCM player 0 interrupt enable
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NSAMPLE
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UNF
Reserved

Type: RO
Reset: 0x0000 0000
Description: 1 indicates that the corresponding interrupt is enabled.
[31:2] Reserved: 0000
[1] NSAMPLE
1: Enable interrupt when a defined number of samples is read from memory
[0] UNF
1: Enable FIFO underflows interrupt

AUD_PCMOUT0_IT_EN_SET PCM player 0 interrupt enable set
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NSAMPLE
UNF
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 0000
Description: 1 enables the corresponding interrupt.
[31:2] Reserved: 0000
[1] NSAMPLE
1: Enable interrupt when a defined number of samples is read from memory.
[0] UNF
1: Enable FIFO underflow interrupt
AUD_PCMOUT0_IT_EN_CLR PCM player 0 interrupt enable clear
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NSAMPLE
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UNF
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 0000
[31:2] Reserved: 0000
[1] NSAMPLE
1: Enable interrupt when a defined number of samples is read from memory.
[0] UNF

AUD_PCMOUT0_CTRL PCM player 0 control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SPDIF_LAT
MEM_FMT
CLK_DIV
MODE
RND
NSAMPLE

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 0000
Description: This register controls the PCM player.
[31:13] NSAMPLE: Defines the number of samples read from memory before an interrupt is generated
Each time the number of samples read by the PCM player is equal to this number, the associated bit in
the status register is set to 1.
[12] SPDIF_LAT: S/PDIF latency
0: Ignore S/PDIF latency signal to start the PCM player
1: Wait for S/PDIF latency signal to start the PCM player
[11:4] CLK_DIV: Frequency synthesizer clock divide
32 slots / subframe:
0: 1 x fFS, 1: 128 x fFS, 6: 192 x fFS, 2: 256 x fFS, 3: 384 x fFS, 4: 512 x fFS, 6: 768 x fFS
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[3] RND: Rounding

0: No rounding 1: 16 bits rounding on PCM data
[2] MEM_FMT: Memory storage format
0: 16 bits / 0 1: 16 bits / 16 bits
[1:0] Mode
00: PCM Off 10: PCM
01: PCM mute 11: CD
AUD_PCMOUT0_STA PCM player 0 status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RUN_STOP
NSAMPLE
UNF
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 0000
Description: Status of the PCM player.
[31:3] Reserved
[2] NSAMPLE
1: The predefined number of samples have been read from memory
[1] UNF
1: FIFO underflow
[0] RUN_STOP
0: PCM player stopped 1: PCM player running

AUD_PCMOUT0_FMT PCM player 0 format
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DMA_REQ_TRIG_LMT
SCLK_EDGE
DATA_SIZE
PADDING
Reserved
NUM_CH
LR_POL
ORDER
ALIGN
NBIT
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 0000
Description: Defines the data format.
[31:16] Reserved
[15:12] DMA_REQ_TRIG_LMT: DMA request trigger limit
A DMA request is generated as soon as the number of cells available in the FIFO is equal to this value.
Valid values: 2,4,6,8,10.
Reset value: 0000
[11] Reserved
[10:8] NUM_CH: Number of channels
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Specifies the number of channels required at the output. Null data appears at the output for remaining
unused channels.
001: One channel only (stereo) 100: Four channels only
010: Two channels only 101: All five channels
011: Three channels only
Reset value: 000
[7] ORDER: Bit ordering
0: Data is output LSBit first 1: Data is output MSBit first
[6] ALIGN
0: Data is left-aligned wrt to LR clock 1: Data is right-aligned wrt to LR clock
[5] PADDING:
0: Data is delayed by 1 clock cycle 1: Data is not delayed
[4] SCLK_EDGE: Active edge
0: Data is output on the rising edge of SCLK 1: Data is output on the falling edge of SCLK
[3] LR_POL: Left-right clock polarity
0: Left word when LR clock is low 1: Left word when LR clock is high
[2:1] DATA_SIZE: Data size
00: 24 bits 10: 18 bits
01: 20 bits 11: 16 bits
[0] NBIT: Number of bits per subframe
0: 32 bits per subframe 1: 16 bits per subframe

60.4 PCM player 1
AUD_PCMOUT1_RST PCM player 1 soft reset
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RSTP
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 0000
AUD_PCMOUT1_DATA PCM player 1 data FIFO
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DATA

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 0000
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Description: PCM player data to be stored in the FIFO.
AUD_PCMOUT1_ITS PCM player 1 interrupt status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NSAMPLE
UNF
Reserved

Type: RO
Reset: 0x0000 0000
Description: 1 indicates an interrupt has occurred.
[31:2] Reserved: 0000
[1] NSAMPLE
1: The defined number of samples has been read from memory
[0] UNF
1: FIFO underflow

AUD_PCMOUT1_ITS_CLR PCM player 1 interrupt status clear
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NSAMPLE
UNF
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 000C
[31:2] Reserved: 0000
[1] NSAMPLE
1: Clear the interrupt generated when a defined number of samples has been read from memory
[0] UNF
AUD_PCMOUT1_IT_EN PCM player 1 interrupt enable
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NSAMPLE
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UNF
Reserved

Type: RO
Reset: 0x0000 0000
[31:2] Reserved: 0000
[1] NSAMPLE
1: Enable interrupt for when a defined number of samples has been read from memory
[0] UNF

AUD_PCMOUT1_IT_EN_SET PCm player 1 interrupt enable set
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NSAMPLE
UNF
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 0000
Description: 1 enable the corresponding interrupt
[31:2] Reserved: 0000
[1] NSAMPLE
1: Enable interrupt for when a defined number of samples has been read from memory
[0] UNF
AUD_PCMOUT1_IT_EN_CLR PCM player 1 interrupt enable clear
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NSAMPLE
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UNF
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 0000
[31:2] Reserved: 0000
[1] NSAMPLE
1: Disable interrupt for when a defined number of samples has been read from memory
[0] UNF
1: Disable FIFO underflow interrupt

AUD_PCMOUT1_CTRL PCM player 1 control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SPDIF_LAT
MEM_FMT
CLK_DIV
MODE
RND
NSAMPLE

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 0000
Description: Controls the PCM player
[31:13] NSAMPLE: Defines the number of samples to read from memory before an interrupt is generated
Each time the number of samples read by the PCM player is equal to this number, the associated bit in
the status register is set to 1.
[12] SPDIF_LAT: S/PDIF latency
0: Ignore S/PDIF latency signal to start
1: Wait for S/PDIF latency signal to start
[11:4] CLK DIV: Frequency synthesizer clock divide
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[3] RND: Rounding

0: No rounding
1: 16 bits rounding on PCM data
0: 16 bits / 0
1: 16 bits / 16 bits
[1:0] Mode
00: PCM off
01: PCM mute
10: PCM
11: CD

AUD_PCMOUT1_STA PCM Player 1 status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NSAMPLES_READ
RUN_STOP
UNF
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 0000
Description: Status of the PCM player.
[31:3] Reserved
[2] NSAMPLE
1 Predefined number of samples have been read from memory
[1] UNF
1: FIFO underflow
[0] RUN_STOP
0: PCM player stopped
1: PCM player running
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AUD_PCMOUT1_FMT PCM Player 1 data format
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DMA_REQ_TRIG_LMT
SCLK_EDGE
DATA_SIZE
PADDING
Reserved
NUM_CH
LR_POL
ORDER
ALIGN
NBIT
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 0000
[31:16] Reserved
[15:12] DMA_REQ_TRIG_LMT: DMA request trigger limit
A DMA request is generated as soon as the number of cells available in the FIFO is equal to this value.
Valid values: 2,4,6,8,10.
Reset value: 0000
[11] Reserved
[10:8] NUM_CH: Number of channels
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Specifies the number of channels required at the output. Null data appears at the output for remaining
unused channels.
001: One channel only (stereo) 100: Four channels only
010: Two channels only 101: All five channels
011: Three channels only
Reset value: 000
[7] ORDER: Bit ordering
0: Data is output LSBit first 1: Data is output MSBit first
[6] ALIGN
0: Data is left-aligned wrt to LR clock 1: Data is right-aligned wrt to LR clock
[5] PADDING:
0: Data is delayed by 1 clock cycle 1: Data is not delayed
0: Data is output on the rising edge of SCLK 1: Data is output on the falling edge of SCLK
0: Left word when LR clock is low 1: Left word when LR clock is high
[2:1] DATA_SIZE: Data size
00: 24 bits 10: 18 bits
01: 20 bits 11: 16 bits
0: 32 bits per subframe 1: 16 bits per subframe

60.5 S/PDIF player
AUD_SPDIF_RST S/PDIF player soft reset
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SRSTP
Reserved
Address: AudioSPDIFBaseAddress + 0x000

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 0000
Description: Soft reset the S/PDIF player - active high.
AUD_SPDIF_DATA S/PDIF player data FIFO
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DATA

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 0000
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Description: S/PDIF player data to be stored in the FIFO.
AUD_SPDIF_ITS S/PDIF player interrupt status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
EOLATENCY
EOBLOCK
EOBURST
NSAMPLE
EOPD
UNF
Reserved

Type: RO
Reset: 0x0000 0000
[31:6] Reserved: 0000
[5] NSAMPLE
1: The defined number of samples has been read from memory
[4] EOPD
1: End of Pd
[3] EOLATENCY
1: End of latency
[2] EOBLOCK
1: End of block
[1] EODBURST
1: End of data burst
[0] UNF
1: FIFO underflows

AUD_SPDIF_ITS_CLR S/PDIF player interrupt status clear
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
EOLATENCY_CLR
NSAMPLE_CLR
EOBST_CLR
EOBLK_CLR
EOPD_CLR
UNF_CLR
Reserved
Address: AudioSPDIFBaseAddress + 0x00C

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 000C
[31:6] Reserved: 0000
[5] NSAMPLE_CLR
1: Clear the interrupt generated when the defined number of samples have been read from memory
[4] EOPD_CLR
1: Clear the end of Pd interrupt
[3] EOLATENCY_CLR
1: Clear the end of latency interrupt
[2] EOBLK_CLR
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1: Clear the end of block interrupt

[1] EOBST_CLR
1: Clear the end of data burst interrupt
[0] UNF_CLR

AUD_SPDIF_IT_EN S/PDIF player interrupt enable
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
EOLATENCY
EOBURST
EOBLOCK
NSAMPLE
EOPD
UNF
Reserved

Type: RO
Reset: 0x0000 0000
[31:6] Reserved: 0000
[5] NSAMPLE
[4] EOPD
1: Enable end of Pd interrupt
[3] EOLATENCY
1: Enable end of latency interrupt
[2] EOBLOCK
1: Enable end of block interrupt
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[1] EOBURST
1: Enable end of data burst interrupt
[0] UNF

AUD_SPDIF_IT_EN_SET S/PDIF player interrupt enable set
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
EOLATENCY
EOBURST
EOBLOCK
NSAMPLE
EOPD
UNF
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 0000
[31:6] Reserved: 0000
[5] NSAMPLE
[4] EOPD
1: Enable end of Pd interrupt
[3] EOLATENCY
1: Enable end of latency interrupt
[2] EOBLOCK
1: Enable end of block interrupt
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[1] EOBURST
1: Enable end of data burst interrupt
[0] UNF

AUD_SPDIF_IT_EN_CLR S/PDIF player interrupt enable clear
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
EOLATENCY
EOBURST
EOBLOCK
NSAMPLE
EOPD
UNF
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 0000
[31:6] Reserved: 0000
[5] NSAMPLE
1: Disable interrupt when a defined number of samples is read from memory
[4] EOPD
1: Disable end of Pd interrupt
[3] EOLATENCY
1: Disable end of latency interrupt
[2] EOBLOCK
1: Disable end of block interrupt
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[1] EOBURST
1: Disable end of data burst interrupt
[0] UNF
1: Disable FIFO underflow interrupt

AUD_SPDIF_CTRL S/PDIF player control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
STUFFING
Reserved
CLKDIV
MODE
IDLE
RND
MEMREAD

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 0000
[31:15] NSAMPLE: Number of samples to read from memory before an interrupt is generated
Each time the number of samples read by the S/PDIF player is equal to this number, the associated bit
in the status register is set to 1.
[14] STUFFING:
0: Stuffing done by software (encoded mode)
1: Stuffing done by hardware (encoded mode)
[13] Reserved:
[12:5] CLKDIV: Frequency synthesizer clock divide
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[4] RND: Rounding

0: No rounding
[3] IDLE: When 1, set the S/PDIF output in idle state
[2:0] MODE:
000: Off
001: Mute with PCM null data
010: Mute with pause burst
011: PCM
100: Encoded

AUD_SPDIF_STA S/PDIF player status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
EOLATENCY
EODBURST
EOBLOCK
RUNSTOP
NSAMPLE
PDPAUSE
PDDATA
PABIT
UNF
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 0000
Description: Status of the S/PDIF player.
[31:16] Reserved
[15] PDPAUSE
1: A Pd word is sent on S/PDIF output during pause-data bursts
[14:7] PABIT: Pa channel status bit number when Pause Data burst sent
[6] NSAMPLE
1: The predefined number of samples have been read from memory.
[5] PDDATA
1: A Pd word is sent on S/PDIF output during data bursts
[4] EOLATENCY
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1: End of sub frame latency counter reached

[3] EOBLOCK
1: End of block
[2] EODBURST
1: End of data burst
[1] UNF
1: FIFO underflow
[0] RUNSTOP
0: S/PDIF player stopped
1: S/PDIF player running
AUD_SPDIF_PA_PB S/PDIF player Pa, Pb burst
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PA PB

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 0000
Description: Defines the Pa and Pb parameters.
[31:16] PA: Pa sync word 1
[15:0] PB: Pb sync word 2

AUD_SPDIF_PC_PD S/PDIF player PC PD burst
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PA PB

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 0000
Description: Defines the Pc and Pd parameters.
[31:16] PC: Encoded control word length in frames
[15:0] PD: Encoded data length in frames
AUD_SPDIF_CL1 S/PDIF player left subframe channel status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CL1

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 0000
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Description: Defines the channel status for the left subframe (subframes 31 down to 0).
AUD_SPDIF_CR1 S/PDIF player right subframe channel status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CR1

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 0000
Description: Defines the channel status for the right subframe (subframes 31 down to 0).

AUD_SPDIF_CL2_CR2_UV S/PDIF player right/left subframe channel status and UV
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved LU LV RU RV Reserved CR2 Reserved CL2

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 0000
Description: Defines the channel status for the left and right subframes (subframes 35 down to 32).
Also defines the user and validity bits.
[31:20] Reserved
[19] LU: User bit for left subframe
[18] LV: Validity bit for left subframe
[17] RU: User bit for right subframe
[16] RV: Validity bit for right subframe
[15:12] Reserved
[11:8] CR2: Channel status for left subframe - subframes 35 down to 32
[10:4] Reserved
[3:0] CL2: Channel status for left subframe - subframes 35 down to 32
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AUD_SPDIF_PAU_LAT S/PDIF player pause and latency
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NPD_BST LAT

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 0000
Description: Defines the number of pause-data bursts (including the stuffing) generated by the player
before checking if the operation mode has changed or if data are available. Also defines
the latency parameter.
[31:16] NPD_BURST: Number of pause data bursts
[15:0] LAT: Subframe counter maximum value for latency
AUD_SPDIF_FRA_LEN_BST S/PDIF player data and pause burst length
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DBURST PDBURST

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 0000
Description: Defines the length in frame units of the data and pause bursts (including the stuffing).
[31:16] DBURST: Data burst total length in frame units (repetition period between two data bursts)
[15:0] PDBURST: Pause burst total length in frame units (repetition period between two pause bursts)

60.6 PCM reader
AUD_PCMIN_RST PCM reader soft reset
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RSTP
Reserved
Address: PCMReaderBaseAddress + 0x000

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 0000
AUD_PCMIN_DATA PCM reader data FIFO
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DATA

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 0000
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Description: PCM reader data from the FIFO.
AUD_PCMIN_ITS PCM reader interrupt status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
VSYNC
OVF
Reserved

Type: RO
Reset: 0x0000 0000
[31:29] Reserved: 0000
[1] VSYNC
1: A vertical sync rising edge has occurred
[0] OVF
1: FIFO overflow

AUD_PCMIN_ITS_CLR PCM reader interrupt status clear
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
VSYNC
OVF
Reserved
Address: PCMReaderBaseAddress + 0x00C

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 000C
[31:29] Reserved: 0000
[1] VSYNC
1: Clear the interrupt generated when a vertical sync rising edge occurs
[0] OVF
1: Clear the FIFO overflow interrupt
AUD_PCMIN_IT_EN PCM reader interrupt enable
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
VSYNC
OVF
Reserved
Confidential

Type: RO
Reset: 0x0000 0000
[31:2] Reserved: 0000
[1] VSYNC
1: Enable vertical sync rising edge interrupt
[0] OVF
1: Enable FIFO overflow interrupt
AUD_PCMIN_IT_EN_SET PCM reader interrupt enable set
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
VSYNC
OVF
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 0000
[31:2] Reserved: 0000
[1] VSYNC
1: Enable vertical sync rising edge interrupt
[0] OVF
1: Enable FIFO overflow interrupt

AUD_PCMIN_IT_EN_CLR PCM reader interrupt enable clear
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
VSYNC
OVF
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 0000
[31:2] Reserved: 0000
[1] VSYNC
1: Disable vertical sync rising edge interrupt
[0] OVF
1: Disable FIFO overflow interrupt
AUD_PCMIN_CTRL PCM reader control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
MEM_FMT
MODE
RND
Confidential
NUM_FRAMES
Address: PCMReaderBaseAddress + 0x01C

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 0000
[31:4] NUM_FRAMES
Number of frames to be captured by the PCM reader before setting bit 19 of the status register
[3] RND
0: No rounding
0: 16 bits / 0
1: 16 bits / 16 bits
[1:0] MODE
0x: Off
10: PCM (use LR clock)
11: CD (do not use LR clock)

AUD_PCMIN_STA PCM reader status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SAMPL_CNT
RUN_STOP
NFRAMES
VSYNC
OVF
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 0000
Description:
[31:20] Reserved
[19] NFRAMES
1: The predefined number of frames are captured.
[18] VSYNC: Vertical sync
Set to 1 on each vsync rising edge.
[17:2] SAMPL_CNT: Samples count
The reader counts the number of received audio frames, and on each rising edge of the vsync, the
counter value is loaded in this register.
[1] OVF
1: FIFO overflow
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[0] RUN_STOP
0: PCM reader stopped
1: PCM reader running

AUD_PCMIN_FMT PCM reader format
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SCLK_EDGE
DATA_SIZE
PADDING
LR_POL
ORDER
ALIGN
NBIT
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x0000 0000
[31:8] Reserved
[7] ORDER
0: Data is output LSB first
1: Data is output MSB first
[6] ALIGN
0: Data is right-aligned wrt to LR clock
1: Data is left-aligned wrt to LR clock
[5] PADDING
0: Data is delayed by one clock cycle
1: Data is not delayed
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0: Data is output on the rising edge of SCLK
1: Data is output on the falling edge of SCLK
0: Left word when LR clock is low
1: Left word when LR clock is high
[2:1] DATA_SIZE: data size
00: 24 bits
10: 18 bits
01: 20 bits
11: 16 bits
0: 32 bits per subframe
1: 16 bits per subframe

STx7100
Part 8
Peripherals and interfaces

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STx7100 61 Asynchronous serial controller (ASC)
61 Asynchronous serial controller (ASC)
61.1 Overview
The asynchronous serial controller, also referred to as the UART interface, provides serial
communication between the STx7100 and other microcontrollers, microprocessors or external
peripherals. The STx7100 provides four ASCs, two of which are generally used by the smartcard
controllers.
Parity generation, 8- or 9-bit data transfer and the number of stop bits is programmable. Parity,
framing, and overrun error detection is provided to increase the reliability of data transfers. The
transmission and reception of data can simply be double-buffered, or 16-deep FIFOs may be
used. Handshaking is supported on both transmission and reception. For multiprocessor
communication, a mechanism to distinguish the address from the data bytes is included. Testing
is supported by a loop back option. A dual mode 16-bit baudrate generator provides the ASC
with a separate serial clock signal.
Each ASC supports full duplex, asynchronous communication, where both the transmitter and
the receiver use the same data frame format and the same baudrate. Data is transmitted on the
transmit data output pin TXD and received on the receive data input pin RXD.
Each ASC can be set to operate in smartcard mode for use when interfacing to a smartcard.
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61.2 Control
Register ASC_n_CTRL controls the operating mode of the ASC. It contains control and enable
bits, error check selection bits, and status flags for error identification.
Serial data transmission or reception is only possible when the baudrate generator run bit (RUN)
is set to 1. When the RUN bit is set to 0, TXD is 1. Setting the RUN bit to 0 immediately freezes
the state of the transmitter and receiver and should only be done when the ASC is idle.
Note: Programming the mode control field (MODE) to one of the reserved combinations results in
unpredictable behavior.
The ASC can be set to use either double-buffering or a 16-deep FIFO on transmission and
reception.
61.2.1 Resetting the FIFOs

Registers ASC_n_TXRESET and ASC_n_RXRESET have no actual storage associated with
them. A write of any value to one of these registers resets the corresponding FIFO.
61.2.2 Transmission and reception

Serial data transmission or reception is only possible when the baudrate generator run bit (RUN)
is set to 1. A handshaking protocol is supported on both transmission and reception, using CTS
and RTS signals.
A transmission is started by writing to the transmit buffer register ASC_n_TXBUFFER. Data
transmission is either double buffered or uses a FIFO (selectable in register ASC_n_CTRL),
therefore a new character may be written to the transmit buffer register before the transmission
of the previous character is complete. This allows characters to be sent back to back without
gaps.
Data reception is enabled by the receiver enable bit ASC_n_CTRL.RX_EN. After reception of a
character has been completed, the received data and, if provided by the selected operating
mode, the parity error bit, can be read from the receive buffer register, ASC_n_RXBUFFER.

61 Asynchronous serial controller (ASC) STx7100
Reception of a second character may begin before the received character has been read out of
the receive buffer register. The overrun error status flag (OVERRUN_ERR) in the status register,
ASC_n_STA, is set when the receive buffer register has not been read by the time the reception
of a second character is completed. The previously received character in the receive buffer is
overwritten, and the ASC_n_STA register is updated to reflect the reception of the new
character.
The loop back option (selected by the LOOPBACK bit in register ASC_n_CTRL) internally
connects the output of the transmitter shift register to the input of the receiver shift register. This
may be used to test serial communication routines at an early stage without having to provide an
external network.
61.3 Data frames

Data frames may be 8-bit or 9-bit, with or without parity and with or without a wake up bit. The
data frame type is selected by setting the MODE bit field in the control register.
The transmitted data frame consists of three basic elements:
● start bit,
● data field (8 or 9 bits, least significant bit (LSB) first, including a parity bit or wake up bit, if
selected),
● stop bits (0.5, 1, 1.5 or 2 stop bits).
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61.3.1 8-bit data frames

Figure 242 illustrates an 8-bit transmitted data frame. 8-bit frames may use one of the following
formats:
● eight data bits D[0:7] (MODE set to 001),
● seven data bits D[0:6] plus an automatically generated parity bit (MODE set to 011).
Parity may be odd or even, depending on the bit ASC_n_CTRL.PARITYODD. If the modulo 2
sum of the seven data bits is 1, then the even parity bit is set and the odd parity bit is cleared.
In receive mode the parity error flag (PARITYERROR) is set if a wrong parity bit is received. The
parity error flag is stored in the 8th bit (D7) of the ASC_n_RXBUFFER register. The parity error
bit is set high if there is a parity error.
Figure 242: 8-bit Tx data frame format
Start D0 8th 1st 2nd

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 stop
bit (LSB) bit stop
bit bit
Data bit (D7)

Parity bit

61.3.2 9-bit data frames

Figure 243 illustrates a 9-bit transmitted data frame. 9-bit data frames use of one of the following
formats:
● nine data bits D[0:8] (MODE set to 100),
● eight data bits D[0:7] plus an automatically generated parity bit (MODE set to 111),
● eight data bits D[0:7] plus a wake up bit (MODE set to 101).
Figure 243: 9-bit Tx data frame format
Start D0 9th 1st 2nd

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 stop
bit (LSB) bit stop
bit bit
Data bit (D8)

Parity bit
Wake up bit
Parity may be odd or even, depending on bit ASC_n_CTRL.PARITYODD. If the modulo 2 sum of
the eight data bits is 1, then the even parity bit is set and the odd parity bit is cleared. The parity
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error flag (PARITYERROR) is set if a wrong parity bit is received. The parity error flag is stored in
the 9th bit (D8) of the ASC_n_RXBUFFER register. The parity error bit is set high if there is a
parity error.
In wake up mode, received frames are only transferred to the receive buffer register if the ninth
bit (the wake up bit) is 1. If this bit is 0, no receive interrupt requests is activated and no data is
transferred.
This feature may be used to control communication in multiprocessor systems. When the master
processor wants to transmit a block of data to one of several slaves, it first sends out an address
byte which identifies the target slave. An address byte differs from a data byte in that the
additional ninth bit is 1 for an address byte and 0 for a data byte, so no slave is interrupted by a
data byte. An address byte interrupts all slaves (operating in 8-bit data plus wake up bit mode),
so each slave can examine the eight least significant bits (LSBs) of the received character, which
is the address. The addressed slave switches to 9-bit data mode, which enables it to receive the
data bytes that are coming (with the wake up bit cleared). The slaves that are not being
addressed remain in 8-bit data plus wake up bit mode, ignoring the data bytes which follow.

61.4 Transmission
Transmission begins at the next baudrate clock tick, provided that the RUN bit is set and data
has been loaded into the ASC_n_TX_BUFF. If bit ASC_n_CTRL.CTS_EN is set, then
transmission only occurs when NOT_ASCnCTS is low.
The transmitter empty flag (TXEMPTY) indicates whether the output shift register is empty. It is
set at the beginning of the last data frame bit that is transmitted, that is, during the first comms
clock cycle of the first stop bit shifted out of the transmit shift register.
The loop back option (selected by bit ASC_n_CTRL.LOOPBACK) internally connects the output
of the transmitter shift register to the input of the receiver shift register. This may be used to test
serial communication routines at an early stage without having to provide an external network.
A transmission ends with stop bits (1 is output on TXD). When bit ASC_n_CTRL.SC_EN is 0, the
length of these stop bits is determined by the setting of field ASC_n_CTRL.STOPBITS. This can
either be for 0.5, 1, 1.5 or 2 baud clock periods. In smartcard mode, when bit
ASC_n_CTRL.SC_EN is 1, the number of stop bits is determined by the value in ASC_n_
GUARDTIME.
61.4.1 Transmission with FIFOs enabled

The FIFOs are enabled by setting bit ASC_n_CTRL.FIFO_EN. The output FIFO is implemented
as a 16-deep array of 9-bit vectors. Values to be transmitted are written to the output FIFO by
writing to ASC_n_TX_BUFF.
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Bit ASC_n_STA.TXFULL is set when the transmit FIFO is considered full, that is, when it
contains 16 characters. Further writes to ASC_n_TXBUFFER fail to overwrite the most recent
entry in the output FIFO. Bit ASC_n_STA.TXHALFEMPTY is set when the output FIFO contains
eight or fewer characters.
Values are shifted out of the bottom of the output FIFO into a 9-bit output shift register in order to
be transmitted. If the transmitter is idle (that is, the output shift register is empty) and something
is written to the ASC_n_TXBUFFER so that the output FIFO becomes nonempty, the output shift
register is immediately loaded from the output FIFO and transmission of the data in the output
shift register begins at the next baudrate tick.
When the transmitter is just about to transmit the stop bits, and if the output FIFO is nonempty,
the output shift register is immediately loaded from the output FIFO, and the transmission of this
new data begins as soon as the current stop bit period is over (that is, the next start bit is
transmitted immediately following the current stop bit period). If the output FIFO is empty at this
point, the output shift register becomes empty. Thus back to back transmission of data can take
place. Writing anything to ASC_n_TXRESET empties the output FIFO.
After changing the FIFO_EN bit, it is important to reset the FIFO to empty (by writing to the
ASC_n_TXRESET register), or garbage may be transmitted.
61.4.2 Double buffered transmission

Double buffering is enabled and the FIFOs disabled by writing 0 to bit ASC_n_CTRL.FIFO_EN.
When the transmitter is idle, the transmit data written into the transmit buffer ASC_n_TX_BUFF
is immediately moved to the transmit shift register, thus freeing the transmit buffer for the next
data to be sent. This is indicated by the transmit buffer empty flag (TX_HALFEMPTY) being set.
The transmit buffer can be loaded with the next data while transmission of the previous data is
still going on.
When the FIFOs are disabled, the TX_FULL bit is set when the buffer contains 1 character, and
a write to ASC_n_TX_BUFF in this situation overwrites the contents. The TX_HALFEMPTY bit of
the ASC_n_STA register is set when the output buffer is empty.

61.5 Reception
Reception is initiated by a falling edge on the data input pin RXD, provided that the RUN and
RX_EN bits of the ASC_n_CTRL register are set.
Controlled data transfer can be achieved using the RTS handshaking signal provided by the
UART. The sender checks the RTS to ensure the UART is ready to receive data. In double
buffered reception RTS goes high when ASC_n_RXBUFFER is empty, in FIFO controlled
operation it goes high when RXHALFFULL is zero.
The RXD pin is sampled at 16 times the rate of the selected baudrate. A majority decision of the
first, second and third samples of the start bit determines the effective bit value. This avoids
erroneous results that may be caused by noise.
If the detected value of the first bit of a frame is not 0, then the receive circuit is reset and waits
for the next falling edge transition at the RXD pin. If the start bit is valid, that is 0, the receive
circuit continues sampling and shifts the incoming data frame into the receive shift register. For
subsequent data and parity bits, the majority decision of the seventh, eighth and ninth samples in
each bit time is used to determine the effective bit value. The effective values received on RXD
are shifted into a 10-bit input shift register.
For 0.5 stop bits, the majority decision of the third, fourth, and fifth samples during the stop bit is
used to determine the effective stop bit value. For 1 and 2 stop bits, the majority decision of the
seventh, eighth, and ninth samples during the stop bits is used to determine the effective stop bit
values. For 1.5 stop bits, the majority decision of the 15th, 16th, and 17th samples during the
stop bits is used to determine the effective stop bit value.
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Reception is stopped by clearing bit ASC_n_CTRL.RX_EN. Any currently received frame is

completed, including the generation of the receive status flags. Start bits that follow this frame
are not recognized.
61.5.1 Hardware error detection

To improve the safety of serial data exchange, the ASC provides three error status flags in the
ASC_n_STA register which indicate if an error has been detected during reception of the last
data frame and associated stop bits.
● The parity error bit (PARITYERROR) in the ASC_n_STA register is set when the parity
check on the received data is incorrect.
In FIFO operation parity errors on the buffers are ORed to yield a single parity error bit.
● The framing error bit (FRAMEERROR) in the ASC_n_STA register is set when the RXD pin
is not 1 during the programmed number of stop bit times (see Section 61.5).
In FIFO operation the bit remains set while at least one of the entries has a frame error.
● The overrun error bit (OVERRUNERROR) in the ASC_n_STA register is set when the input
buffer is full and a character has not been read out of the ASC_n_RXBUFFER register
before reception of a new frame is complete.
These flags are updated simultaneously with the transfer of data to the receive input buffer.
Frame and parity errors

The most significant bit (bit 9 of 0 to 9) of each input entry, records whether or not there was a
frame error when that entry was received (that is, one of the effective stop bit values was 0). Bit
ASC_n_STA.FRAME_ERR is set when the input buffer (double buffered operation), or at least
one of the valid entries in the input buffering (FIFO controlled operation) has its most significant
bit set.
If the mode is one where a parity bit is expected, then the next bit (bit 8 of 0 to 9) records whether
there was a parity error when that entry was received. It does not contain the parity bit that was
received. For 7-bit + parity data frames the parity error bit is set in both the eighth (bit 7 of 0 to 9)
and the ninth (bit 8 of 0 to 9) bits. The PARITYERROR bit of ASC_n_STA is set when the input

buffer (double buffered operation), or at least one of the valid entries in the input buffering (FIFO
controlled operation), has bit 8 set.
When receiving 8-bit data frames without parity (see Section 61.3.1 on page 770), the ninth bit of
each input entry (bit 8 of 0 to 9) is undefined.
61.5.2 Input buffering modes

FIFO enabled reception
The FIFOs are enabled by setting bit ASC_n_CTRL.FIFO_EN. The input FIFO is implemented
as a 16-deep array of 10-bit vectors (each 9 down to 0). If the input FIFO is empty, that is, no
entries are present, bit ASC_n_STA.RX_BUFFULL is set to 0. If one or more FIFO entries are
present, bit ASC_n_STA.RX_BUFFULL register is set to 1. If the input FIFO is not empty, a read
from ASC_n_RX_BUFF gets the oldest entry in the input FIFO.
Bit ASC_n_STA.RX_HALFFULL is set when the input FIFO contains more than eight characters.
Writing anything to ASC_n_RX_RST empties the input FIFO. As soon as the effective value of
the last stop bit has been determined, the content of the input shift register is transferred to the
input FIFO (except during wake up mode, in which case this happens only if the wake up bit, bit
8, is 1). The receive circuit then waits for the next falling edge transition at the RXD pin.
Bit ASC_n_STA.OVERRUN_ERR is set when the input FIFO is full and a character is loaded
from the input shift register into the input FIFO. It is cleared when the ASC_n_RX_BUFF register
is read.
After changing the FIFO_EN bit, it is important to reset the FIFO to empty by writing to the
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ASC_n_RXRESET register; otherwise the state of the FIFO pointers may be garbage.
Double buffered reception

Double buffered operation is enabled and the FIFOs disabled by writing 0 to bit
ASC_n_CTRL.FIFO_EN. This mode can be seen as equivalent to a FIFO controlled operation
with a FIFO of length 1 (the first FIFO vector is in fact used as the buffer). When the last stop bit
has been received (at the end of the last programmed stop bit period) the content of the receive
shift register is transferred to the receive data buffer register (ASC_n_RX_BUFF). The receive
buffer full flag (RX_BUFFULL) is set, and the parity error (PARITY_ERR) and framing error
(FRAME_ERR) flags are updated at the same time, after the last stop bit has been received (that
is, at the end of the last stop bit programmed period), the flags are updated even if no valid stop
bits have been received. The receive circuit then waits for the next falling edge transition at the
RXD pin.
61.5.3 Time out mechanism

The ASC contains an 8-bit time out counter. This reloads from ASC_n_TIMEOUT whenever one
or more of the following is true:
● ASC_n_RXBUFFER is read,
● the ASC is in the middle of receiving a character,
● ASC_n_TIMEOUT is written to.
If none of these conditions hold the counter decrements towards 0 at every baudrate tick.
The TIMEOUTNOTEMPTY bit of the ASC_n_STA register is 1 when the input FIFO is not empty
and the time out counter is zero.
The TIMEOUTIDLE bit of the ASC_n_STA register is 1 when the input FIFO is empty and the
time out counter is zero.
The effect of this is that whenever the input FIFO has got something in it, the time out counter
decrements until something happens to the input FIFO. If nothing happens, and the time out
counter reaches zero, the TIMEOUTNOTEMPTY bit of the ASC_n_STA register is set.

When the software has emptied the input FIFO, the time out counter resets and starts
decrementing. If no more characters arrive, when the counter reaches zero the TIMEOUTIDLE
bit of the ASC_n_STA register is set.
61.6 Baudrate generation

Each ASC has its own dedicated 16-bit baudrate generator with 16-bit reload capability. The
baudrate generator has two possible modes of operation.
The ASC_n_BAUDRATE register is the dual function baudrate generator and reload value
register. A read from this register returns the content of the counter or accumulator (depending
on the mode of operation); writing to it updates the reload register.
If bit ASC_n_CTRL.RUN register is 1, then any value written in register ASC_n_BAUDRATE is
immediately copied to the counter/accumulator. However, if the RUN bit is 0 when the register is
written, then the counter/accumulator is not reloaded until the first comms clock cycle after the
RUN bit is 1.
The baudrate generator supports two modes of operation, offering a wide range of possible
values. The mode is set via bit ASC_n_CTRL.BAUDMODE. Mode 0 is a simple counter driven
by the comms clock whereas mode 1 uses a loop back accumulator. Mode 0 is recommended for
low baudrates (below 19.2 Kbaud), where its error deviation is low, and mode 1 is recommended
for baudrates above 19.2 Kbytes.
61.6.1 Baudrates
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The baudrate generator provides an internal oversampling clock at 16 times the external
baudrate. This clock only ticks if the bit ASC_n_CTRL.RUN is set to 1. Setting this bit to 0
immediately freezes the state of the ASC’s transmitter and receiver.
Mode 0
When bit ASC_n_CTRL.BAUDMODE is set to 0, the baudrate and the required reload value for
a given baudrate can be determined by the following formulae:
fcomms
BaudRate =
16 x ASCBaudRate
fcomms
ASCBaudRate =
16 x BaudRate
where:
● ASCBaudRate represents the content of the ASC_n_BAUDRATE reload value register,
taken as an unsigned 16-bit integer,
● fcomms is the frequency of the comms clock (clock channel PLL_CLK[2], see
Chapter 17: Clocks on page 147).
The baudrate counter is clocked by the comms clock. It counts downwards and can be started or
stopped by bit ASC_n_CTRL.RUN. Each underflow of the timer provides one oversampling
baudrate clock pulse. The counter is reloaded with the value stored in its 16-bit reload register
each time it underflows.
Writes to register ASC_n_BAUDRATE update the reload register value. Reads from the
ASC_n_BAUDRATE register return the current value of the counter.

Mode 1
When bit ASC_n_CTRL.BAUDMODE is set to 1, the baudrate is controlled by the circuit in
Figure 244.
Figure 244: Baudrate in mode 1
ASCBaudRate
(accumulator)
ASCBaudRate
(Reload) Carry-out
Oversampling clock
Comms clock
The CPU writes go to ASC_n_BAUDRATE to the reload register. The CPU then reads from
ASC_n_BAUDRATE and returns the value in the accumulator register. Both registers are 16 bits
wide and are clocked by the comms clock (PLL_CLK[2]).
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Writing a value of ASCBaudRate to the ASC_n_BAUDRATE register results in an average

oversampling clock frequency of:
ASCBaudRate x fcomms
216
So the baudrate is given by:
BaudRate =
16 x 216
This gives good granularity, and hence low baudrate deviation errors, at high baudrate
frequencies.

61.7 Interrupt control

Each ASC contains two registers that are used to control interrupts, the status register
(ASC_n_STA) and the interrupt enable register (ASC_n_INT_EN). The status bits in the
ASC_n_STA register show the cause of any interrupt. The interrupt enable register allows
certain interrupt causes to be masked. Interrupts occur when a status bit is 1 (high) and the
corresponding bit in the ASC_n_INT_EN register is 1.
The ASC interrupt signal is generated from the OR of all interrupt status bits after they have been
ANDed with the corresponding enable bits in the ASC_n_INT_EN register, as shown in
Figure 245.
The status bits cannot be reset by software because the ASC_n_STA register cannot be written
to directly. Status bits are reset by operations performed by the interrupt handler:
● transmitter interrupt status bits (TX_EMPTY and TX_HALFEMPTY) are reset when a
character is written to the transmitter buffer,
● receiver interrupt status bit (RX_BUFFULL) is reset when a character is read from the
receive buffer,
● PARITY_ERR and FRAME_ERR status bits are reset when all characters containing errors
have been read from the receive input buffer,
● The OVERRUN_ERR status bit is reset when a character is read from ASC_n_RXBUFF.
61.7.1 Using the ASC interrupts when FIFOs are disabled (double buffered operation)
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The transmitter generates two interrupts; this provides advantages for the servicing software.
For normal operation (that is, other than the error interrupt) when FIFOs are disabled the ASC
provides three interrupt requests to control data exchange via the serial channel:
● TX_HALFEMPTY is activated when data is moved from ASC_n_TXBUFFER to the transmit
shift register,
● TX_EMPTY is activated before the last bit of a frame is transmitted,
● RX_BUFFULL is activated when the received frame is moved to ASC_ n_RX_BUFF.

Figure 245: ASC status and interrupt registers
AND
RX_BUFFULL RX_BUFFULL_IE
AND
TX_EMPTY TX_EMPTY_IE
AND
TX_HALFEMPTY TX_HALFEMPTY_IE
AND
PARITY_ERR PARITY_ERR_IE
ASC
interrupt
AND OR
FRAME_ERR FRAME_ERR_IE
AND
OVERRUN_ERR OVERRUN_ERR_IE
AND
TIMEOUT_NOTEMPTY TIMEOUT_NOTEMPTY_IE
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AND
TIMEOUT_IDLE TIMEOUT_IDLE_IE
AND
RX_HALFFULL RX_HALFFULL_IE
TX_FULL
NKD
ASC_n_STA ASC_n_INT_EN
register register
As shown in Figure 245, TX_HALFEMPTY is an early trigger for the reload routine, while
TX_EMPTY indicates the completed transmission of the data field of the frame. Therefore,
software using handshake should rely on TX_EMPTY at the end of a data block to make sure
that all data has really been transmitted.
For single transfers it is sufficient to use the transmitter interrupt (TX_EMPTY), which indicates
that the previously loaded data has been transmitted, except for the last bit of a frame.
For multiple back to back transfers it is necessary to load the next data before the last bit of the
previous frame has been transmitted. The use of TX_EMPTY alone would leave just one stop bit
time for the handler to respond to the interrupt and initiate another transmission. Using the output
buffer interrupt (TX_HALFEMPTY) to signal for more data allows the service routine to load a
complete frame, as ASC_n_TX_BUFF may be reloaded while the previous data is still being
transmitted.

61.7.2 Using the ASC interrupts when FIFOs are enabled

To transmit a large number of characters back to back, the driver routine initially writes 16
characters to ASC_n_TX_BUFF. Then, every time a TXHALFEMPTY interrupt fires, it writes
eight more. When there is nothing more to send, a TXEMPTY interrupt tells the driver that
everything has been transmitted.
Figure 246: ASC transmission
Write char1 Write char2 Write char3
ASC_n_TXBUFFER register Char 2 Char 3
Output shift register Char 1 Char 2 Char 3
TXHALFEMPTY interrupt
TXEMPTY interrupt
Start
Start
Start
Stop
Stop
Transmission Idle Char 1 Char 2 Char 3 Idle
Stop
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When receiving, the driver can use RXBUFFULL to interrupt every time a character arrives.
Alternatively, if data is coming in back to back, it can use RXHALFFULL to interrupt it when there
are more than eight characters in the input FIFO to read. It has as long as it takes to receive eight
characters to respond to this interrupt before data overruns. If less than eight characters stream
in, and no more are received for at least a time out period, the driver can be woken up by one of
the two time out interrupts, TIMEOUTNOTEMPTY or TIMEOUTIDLE.
Figure 247: ASC reception

Start
Start
Start
Stop
Stop
Stop
Receive Idle Char 1 Char 2 Char 3 Idle
Input shift register Char 1 Char 2 Char 3
ASC_n_RXBUFFER register Char 1 Char 2 Char 3
RXBUFFULL

61.8 Smartcard operation

Smartcard mode is selected by setting bit ASC_n_CTRL.SC_EN to 1. In smartcard mode the
RXD and TXD ports of the UART are both connected externally via a single bidirectional line to a
smartcard I/O port. Characters are transferred to and from the smart card as 8-bit data frames
with parity (see Section 61.3 on page 770). Handshaking between the UART and the smartcard
ensures secure data transfer.
The UART supports both T=0 and T=1 protocol. In T=0 protocol, the reception of parity errors by
either the UART or the smartcard is signalled by the automatic transmission of a NACK, where
the receiver pulls the data line low, 0.5 baud clock periods after the end of the parity bit. The
UART supports the reception and transmission of such NACKs. In T=1 protocol, this NACK
behavior is not required, and any such behavior on the part of the UART can be disabled by
setting the ASC_n_ CONTROL bit NACKDISABLE.
When bit ASC_n_CTRL.SC_EN is set to 0, normal UART operation occurs.
Smartcard operation complies with the ISO smartcard specification except where noted (see
Section 61.8.4).
61.8.1 Control registers

ASC_N_GUARDTIME
The programmable 9-bit register ASC_n_GUARDTIME controls the time between transmitting
the parity bit of a character and the start bit of any further bytes, or transmitting a NACK (no
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acknowledge signal, see Handshaking). During the guardtime period the UART receiver is
insensitive to possible start bits and the smartcard is free to send NACKs.
The guardtime is effectively the number of stop bits to use when transmitting in smart card mode.
Programming a value of 0 is undefined. Any positive value < 512 is possible.
The guardtime mentioned here is different from the guardtime mentioned in ISO7816. In fact to
achieve a particular guardtime value, the guardtime should be programmed with the following
value:
Guardtime = guardtime + 2 (mod 256)
In particular, this applies to the special case of guardtime = 255, where effectively, the number of
stop bits is 1.
Note: If guardtime = 255 then any NACKs from the smart card might conflict with subsequent
transmitted start bits, so it is assumed that the smart card is not sending NACKs in this case
(T=1 protocol is being used for example). It is also important that the UART should be
programmed in 0.5 stop bit mode, so that it does not see a subsequent start bit as a frame error
(that is a NACK). So when guardtime = 255, the UART should be programmed in 0.5 stop bit
mode.
Guardtime should always be set to at least two.
61.8.2 Transmission
In smartcard mode FIFOs can be either enabled or disabled. If FIFOs are disabled, the UART
transmission behaves according to NDC requirements.
Handshaking
When the UART is transmitting data to the smartcard, the smartcard can NACK (not
acknowledge) the transmission by pulling the line low, 0.5 baud clock periods into the guardtime
period and holding it low for at least 1 baud clock period. The UART should also be programmed
in 1.5 stop bit mode, and since it receives what it transmits, NACKs is detected as receive
framing errors.

Behavior with FIFOs enabled

At about 1 baud clock period into the guardtime period, the UART knows whether or not the
transmitted character has been NACKed. If no NACK has been received and the Tx FIFO is not
empty, the next character is transmitted after the guardtime period.
If a transmitted character is NACKed by the receiving UART, the character is retransmitted as
soon as the guardtime period expires (or if guardtime is two, an extra baud clock period later),
and retransmission is attempted up to the number of retries set in the ASC_n_RETRIES register.
If the last retry is also NACKed the Tx FIFO is emptied, putting the transmitter into an idle state,
and the NKD bit is set in the ASC_n_STA register.
Emptying the FIFO causes an interrupt, which can be handled by software. The NKD bit in the
ASC_n_STA register can be reset by writing to the ASC_n_TX_RST register.
All unNACKed (successfully transmitted) data is looped back into the receive FIFO. This FIFO
can be read by software to determine the status of the data transmission.
Behavior with FIFOs disabled

When the smartcard mode bit is set to 1, the following operation occurs.
● Transmission of data from the transmit shift register is guaranteed to be delayed by a
minimum of 1/2 baud clock. In normal operation a full transmit shift register starts shifting on
the next baud clock edge. In smartcard mode this transmission is further delayed by a
guaranteed 1/2 baud clock.
● If a parity error is detected during reception of a frame programmed with a 1/2 stop bit
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period, the transmit line is pulled low for a baud clock period after the completion of the
receive frame, that is, at the end of the 1/2 stop bit period. This is to indicate to the
smartcard that the data transmitted to the UART has not been correctly received.
● The assertion of the TX_EMPTY interrupt can be delayed by programming the
ASC_n_GUARDTIME register. In normal operation, TX_EMPTY is asserted when the
transmit shift register is empty and no further transmit requests are outstanding.
● The receiver enable bit in the ASC_n_CTRL register is automatically reset after a character
has been transmitted. This avoids the receiver detecting a NACK from the smartcard as a
start bit.
In smartcard mode an empty transmit shift register triggers the guardtime counter to count up to
the programmed value in the ASC_n_GUARDTIME register. TX_EMPTY is forced low during
this time. When the guardtime counter reaches the programmed value TX_EMPTY is asserted
high.
The de-assertion of TX_EMPTY is unaffected by smartcard mode.
61.8.3 Reception
Reception can be done with FIFOs either enabled or disabled. The behavior is the same as in
normal (nonsmartcard) mode except that if a parity error occurs then, providing the transmitter is
idle, and bit ASC_n_CTRL.NACKDISABLE is 0, the UART transmits a NACK on the TXD for one
baud clock period from the end of the received stop bit. RXD is masked when transmitting a
NACK, since TXD is tied to RXD and a NACK must not be seen as a start bit.
If bit ASC_n_CTRL.NACKDISABLE is 1 then no automatic NACK generation takes place.
61.8.4 Divergence from ISO smartcard specification

This UART does not support guardtimes of 0 or 1, and does not have any special behavior for a
guardtime of 255.

62 Asynchronous serial controller (ASC) registers STx7100
62 Asynchronous serial controller (ASC) registers
The registers for each ASC are grouped in 4 Kbyte blocks, with the base of the block for ASC
number n at the address ASCnBaseAddress.
Register addresses are provided as ASCnBaseAddress + offset.
The ASCnBaseAddresses are:
UART0: 0x1803 0000,
UART1: 0x1803 1000,
UART2: 0x1803 2000,
UART3: 0x1803 3000.
There is also one enable register located in the infrared blaster block. This is provided as
IRBBaseAddress + offset.
The IRBBaseAddress is:
0x1811 5000.
Table 202: ASC register summary
ASC_n_BAUDRATE ASCn baudrate generator 0x000 R/W

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ASC_n_TX_BUFF ASCn transmit buffer 0x004 WO
ASC_n_RX_BUFF ASCn receive buffer 0x008 RO
ASC_n_CTRL ASCn control 0x00C R/W
ASC_n_INT_EN ASCn interrupt enable 0x010 R/W
ASC_n_INT_STA ASCn interrupt status 0x014 RO
ASC_n_GUARDTIME ASCn guard time 0x018 R/W
ASC_n_TIMEOUT ASCn time out 0x01C R/W
ASC_n_TX_RST ASCn transmit FIFO reset 0x020 WO
ASC_n_RX_RST ASCn receive FIFO reset 0x024 WO
ASC_n_RETRIES ASCn number of retries on transmission 0x028 R/W

STx7100 62 Asynchronous serial controller (ASC) registers
ASC_n_BAUDRATE ASCn baudrate generator
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved RELOAD_VAL
Address: ASCnBaseAddress + 0x000

Type: R/W
Reset: 1
Description: This register is the dual function baudrate generator and reload value register. A read
from this register returns the content of the 16-bit counter/accumulator; writing to it
updates the 16-bit reload register.
If bit ASC_n_CTRL.RUN is 1, then any value written in the ASC_n_BAUDRATE register
is immediately copied to the timer. However, if the RUN bit is 0 when the register is
written, then the timer is not reloaded until the first comms clock cycle after the RUN bit
is 1.
The mode of operation of the baudrate generator depends on the setting of bit
ASC_n_CTRL.BAUDMODE.
Mode 0
When bit ASC_n_CTRL.BAUDMODE is set to 0, the baudrate and the required reload
value for a given baudrate can be determined by the following formulae:
fcomms
BaudRate =
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16 x ASCBaudRate
fcomms
ASCBaudRate =
16 x BaudRate
where: ASCBaudRate represents the content of the ASC_n_BAUDRATE register,
taken as an unsigned 16-bit integer,
fcomms is the frequency of the comms clock (clock channel PLL_CLK[2]).
Mode 0 should be used for all baudrates below 19.2 Kbaud.
Table 203 lists commonly used baudrates with the required reload values and the
approximate deviation errors for an example baudrate with a comms clock of 60 MHz.
Table 203: Mode 0 baudrates
Reload value Reload value Reload value Approximate

Baudrate
(exact) (integer) (hex) deviation error (%)
38.4 K 97.656 98 0x0062 0.35
19.2 K 195.313 195 0x00C3 0.16
9600 390.625 391 0x0187 0.1
4800 781.250 781 0x030D 0.03
2400 1562.500 1563 0x061B 0.03
1200 3125.000 3125 0x0C35 0.00
600 6250.000 6250 0x186A 0.00
300 12500.000 12500 0x30D4 0.00
75 50000.000 50000 0xC350 0.00

Mode 1
When bit ASC_n_CTRL.BAUDMODE is set to 1, the baudrate is given by:
BaudRate =
16 x 216
where: fcomms is the comms clock frequency and ASCBaudRate is the value written to
the ASC_n_BAUDRATE register. Mode 1 should be used for baudrates of 19.2 Kbytes
and above as it has a lower deviation error than mode 0 at higher frequencies.
Table 204: Mode 1 baudrates

Baudrate
(exact) (integer) (hex) deviation error (%)
115200 2013.266 2013 0x07DD 0.01
96000 1677.722 1678 0x068E 0.02
38.4 K 671.089 671 0x029F 0.02
19.2 K 335.544 336 0x0150 0.14
ASC_n_TX_BUFF ASCn transmit buffer
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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Reserved TD

Type: WO
Reset: 0
Description: A transmission is started by writing to the transmit buffer register ASC_n_TXBUFFER.
Serial data transmission is only possible when the baudrate generator bit
ASC_n_CTRL.RUN is set to 1.
Data transmission is double buffered or uses a FIFO, so a new character may be written
to the transmit buffer register before the transmission of the previous character is
complete. This allows characters to be sent back to back without gaps.
[31:9] Reserved
[8] TD[8]
Transmit buffer data D8, or parity bit, or wake up bit or undefined depending on the operating mode (the
setting of field ASC_n_CTRL.MODE).
If the MODE field selects an 8-bit frame then this bit should be written as 0.
[7] TD[7]
Transmit buffer data D7, or parity bit depending on the operating mode (the setting of field
ASC_n_CTRL.MODE).
[6:0] TD[6:0]: Transmit buffer data D6 to D0

ASC_n_RX_BUFF ASCn receive buffer
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved RD

Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description: Serial data reception is only possible when the baudrate generator bit
ASC_n_CTRL.RUN is set to 1.
[31:9] Reserved
[8] RD[8]
Receive buffer data D8, or parity error bit, or wake up bit depending on the operating mode (the setting of
field ASC_n_CTRL.MODE)
If the MODE field selects an 8-bit frame then this bit is undefined. Software should ignore this bit when
reading 8-bit frames
[7] RD[7]
Receive buffer data D7, or parity error bit depending on the operating mode (the setting of field
ASC_n_CTRL.MODE)
[6:0] RD[6:0]
Receive buffer data D6 to D0
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ASC_n_CTRL ASCn control
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NACK_DISABLE
BAUDMODE
PARITYODD
LOOPBACK
STOPBITS
Reserved
FIFO_EN
CTS_EN
SC_EN
RX_EN
MODE
RUN
Address: ASCnBaseAddress + 0x00C
Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register controls the operating mode of the UART ASCn and contains control bits
for mode and error check selection, and status flags for error identification.
Programming the mode control field (MODE) to one of the reserved combinations may
result in unpredictable behavior. Serial data transmission or reception is only possible
when the baudrate generator run bit (RUN) is set to 1. When the RUN bit is set to 0,
TXD is 1. Setting the RUN bit to 0 immediately freezes the state of the transmitter and
receiver. This should only be done when the ASC is idle.
Serial data transmission or reception is only possible when the baudrate generator RUN
bit is set to 1. A transmission is started by writing to the transmit buffer register
ASC_n_TXBUFFER.
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[31:14] Reserved
[13] NACK_DISABLE: NACKing behavior control
0: NACKing behavior in smartcard mode
1: No NACKing behavior in smartcard mode
[12] BAUDMODE: Baudrate generation mode
0: Baud counter decrements, ticks when it reaches 1 1: Baud counter added to itself, ticks when there is
a carry
[11] CTS_EN: CTS enable
0: CTS ignored 1: CTS enabled
[10] FIFO_EN: FIFO enable:
0: FIFO disabled 1: FIFO enabled
[9] SC_EN: Smartcard enable
0: Smartcard mode disabled 1: Smartcard mode enabled
[8] RX_EN: Receiver enable bit
0: Receiver disabled 1: Receiver enabled
[7] RUN: Baudrate generator run bit
0: Baudrate generator disabled (ASC inactive) 1: Baudrate generator enabled
[6] LOOPBACK: Loopback mode enable bit
0: Standard transmit/receive mode 1: Loopback mode enabled
[5] PARITYODD: Parity selection
0: Even parity (parity bit set on odd number of 1’s in data)
1: Odd parity (parity bit set on even number of 1’s in data)
[4:3] STOPBITS: Number of stop bits selection
00: 0.5 stop bits 01: 1 stop bits
10: 1.5 stop bits 11: 2 stop bits
[2:0} MODE: ASC mode control: Mode2
000: Reserved 001: 8-bit data
010: Reserved 011: 7-bit data + parity
100: 9-bit data 101: 8-bit data + wake up bit
110: Reserved 111: 8-bit data + parity

ASC_n_INT_EN ASCn interrupt enable
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved
RHF
RBE
TNE
THE
TOI
OE
PE
FE
TE
Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[31:9] Reserved
[8] RHF: Receiver FIFO is half full interrupt enable
0: Receiver FIFO is half full interrupt disable 1: Receiver FIFO is half full interrupt enable
[7] TOI: Time out when the receiver FIFO is empty interrupt enable
0: Time out when the input FIFO or buffer is empty interrupt disable
1: Time out when the input FIFO or buffer is empty interrupt enable
[6] TNE: Time out when not empty interrupt enable
0: Time out when input FIFO or buffer not empty interrupt disable
1: Time out when input FIFO or buffer not empty interrupt enable
[5] OE: Overrun error interrupt enable
0: Overrun error interrupt disable 1: Overrun error interrupt enable
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[4] FE: Framing error interrupt enable

0: Framing error interrupt disable 1: Framing error interrupt enable
[3] PE: Parity error interrupt enable:
0: Parity error interrupt disable 1: Parity error interrupt enable
[2] THE: Transmitter buffer half empty interrupt enable
0: Transmitter buffer half empty interrupt disable 1: Transmitter buffer half empty interrupt enable
[1] TE: Transmitter empty interrupt enable
0: Transmitter empty interrupt disable 1: Transmitter empty interrupt enable
[0] RBE: Receiver buffer full interrupt enable
0: Receiver buffer full interrupt disable 1: Receiver buffer full interrupt enable

ASC_n_INT_STA ASCn interrupt status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved
TONE
NKD
RHF
RBF
TOE
THE
OE
PE
FE
TE
TF
Type: RO
Reset: 3 (Rx buffer full and Tx buffer empty)
Description:
[31:11] Reserved
[10] NKD: Transmission failure acknowledgement by receiver
0: Data transmitted successfully
1: Data transmission unsuccessful (data NACKed by smartcard)
[9] TF: Transmitter FIFO or buffer is full
0: The FIFOs are enabled and the transmitter FIFO is empty or contains less than 16 characters or the
FIFOs are disabled and the transmit buffer is empty
1: The FIFOs are enabled and the transmitter FIFO contains 16 characters or the FIFOs are disabled and
the transmit buffer is full
[8] RHF: Receiver FIFO is half full
0: The receiver FIFO contains eight characters or less
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1: The receiver FIFO contains more than eight characters

[7] TOE: Time out when the receiver FIFO or buffer is empty
0: No time out or the receiver FIFO or buffer is not empty
1: Time out when the receiver FIFO or buffer is empty
[6] TONE: Time out when the receiver FIFO or buffer is not empty
0: No time out or the receiver FIFO or buffer is empty
1: Time out when the receiver FIFO or buffer is not empty
[5] OE: Overrun error flag
0: No overrun error
1: Overrun error, that is, data received when the input buffer is full
[4] FE: Input frame error flag
0: No framing error 1: Framing error (stop bits not found)
[3] PE: Input parity error flag:
0: No parity error 1: Parity error
[2] THE: Transmitter FIFO at least half empty flag or buffer empty
0: The FIFOs are enabled and the transmitter FIFO is more than half full (more than eight characters) or
the FIFOs are disabled and the transmit buffer is not empty.
1: The FIFOs are enabled and the transmitter FIFO is at least half empty (eight or less characters) or the
FIFOs are disabled and the transmit buffer is empty
[1] TE: Transmitter empty flag
0: Transmitter is not empty 1: Transmitter is empty
[0] RBF: Receiver FIFO not empty (FIFO operation) or buffer full (double buffered operation)
0: Receiver FIFO is empty or buffer is not full 1: Receiver FIFO is not empty or buffer is full

ASC_n_GUARDTIME ASCn guard time
31 30 29 28 28 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved GUARDTIME

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register enables the delay of the assertion of the interrupt TXEMPTY by a
programmable number of baud clock ticks. The value in the register is the number of
baud clock ticks to delay assertion of TXEMPTY. This value must be in the range
0 to 511.
ASC_n_TIMEOUT ASCn time out
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved TIMEOUT

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
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Description: The time out period in baudrate ticks. The ASC contains an 8-bit time out counter, which
reloads from ASC_n_TIMEOUT when one or more of the following is true:
• ASC_n_RXBUFFER is read,
• the ASC is in the middle of receiving a character,
• ASC_n_TIMEOUT is written to.
If none of these conditions hold the counter decrements to 0 at every baudrate tick.
The TONE (time out when not empty) bit of the ASC_N_INT_STA register is 1 when the
input FIFO is not empty and the time out counter is zero. The TIMEOUTIDLE bit of the
ASC_N_INT_STA register is 1 when the input FIFO is empty and the time out counter is
zero.
When the software has emptied the input FIFO, the time out counter resets and starts
decrementing. If no more characters arrive, when the counter reaches zero the
TIMEOUTIDLE bit of the ASC_N_INT_STA register is set.
ASC_n_TX_RST ASCn transmit FIFO reset

Type: WO
Description: Reset the transmit FIFO. Registers ASC_n_TXRESET have no storage associated with
them. A write of any value to these registers resets the corresponding transmitter FIFO.
ASC_n_RX_RST ASCn receive FIFO reset

Type: WO
Description: Reset the receiver FIFO. The registers ASC_n_RXRESET have no actual storage
associated with them. A write of any value to one of these registers resets the
corresponding receiver FIFO.

ASC_n_RETRIES ASCn number of retries on transmission
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved NUM_RETRIES

Type: R/W
Reset: 1
Description: Defines the number of transmissions attempted on a piece of data before the UART
discards the data. If a transmission still fails after NUM_RETRIES, the NKD bit is set in
the ASC_N_INT_STA register where it can be read and acted on by software. This
register does not have to be reinitialized after a NACK error.
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STx7100 63 Synchronous serial controller (SSC)
63 Synchronous serial controller (SSC)
63.1 Overview
The synchronous serial controller (SSC) is a high-speed interface which can be used to
communicate with a wide variety of serial memories, remote control receivers and other
microcontrollers. There are a number of serial interface standards for these. Three SSCs are
provided on the STx7100. The SSC supports all the features of the serial peripheral interface
(SPI) bus and also includes additional functions for the full support of the I2C bus. The general
programmable features should also allow interface to other serial bus standards.
The SSC shares pins with the parallel input/output (PIO) ports. It supports full-duplex1 and half-
duplex synchronous communication when used in conjunction with the PIO configuration.
The SSC uses three signals:
● serial clock SCLK,
● serial data in/out MRST,
● serial data out/in MTSR1.

To set the SSC PIOs to their alternate functions, follow this sequence:
1. Set SCL and MTSR as open drain bidirectional.
2. Set MRST as input1.
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3. Set SCL and MTSR to logic high.

4. Set all SSC registers to slave mode.
5. Only now, when the software is ready to accept data from the master, reprogram the PIO
pins to their alternate output functions.
For I2C operation, MRST and MTSR can either be externally wired together, or just the MTSR pin
can be used1. These pins are connected to the SSC clock and data interface pins in a
configuration which allows their direction to be changed when in master or slave mode (see
Section 63.2.1: Pin connection and control on page 793). The serial clock signal is either
generated by the SSC (in master mode) or received from an external master (in slave mode).
The input and output data are synchronized to the serial clock.
The following features are programmable: baudrate, data width, shift direction (heading control),
clock polarity and clock phase. These features allow communications with SPI compatible
devices.
In the SPI standard, the device can be used as a bus master, a bus slave, or can arbitrate in a
multi-master environment for control of the bus. Many of these features require software support.
The SSC also fully supports the I2C bus standard and contains additional hardware (beyond the
SPI standard) to achieve this. The extra I2C features include:
● multi-master arbitration,
● acknowledge generation,
● start and stop condition generation and detection,
● clock stretching.
These allow software to fully implement all aspects of the standard, such as master and slave
mode, multi-master mode, 10-bit addressing and fast mode.
1. On the STx7100, by default the two serial data in/out signals are multiplexed on to a single pin for
I2C mode (full-duplex mode is not supported).

63 Synchronous serial controller (SSC) STx7100
63.2 Basic operation

Control of the direction, either as input, output or bidirectional, of the SCLK, MTSR and MRST
pins1 is performed in software by configuring the PIO.
The serial clock output signal is programmable in master mode for baudrate, polarity and phase.
This is described in Section 63.2.2: Clock generation on page 794.
The SSC works by taking the data frame (2 to 16 bits) from a transmission buffer and placing it
into a shift register. It then shifts the data at the serial clock frequency out of the output pin and
synchronously shifts in data coming from the input pin. The number of bits and the direction of
shifting (MSB or LSB first) are programmable. This is described in Section 63.2.4: Shift register
on page 796.
Figure 248: SSC architecture
Serial clock in Serial clock out

Clock edge Clock
detector generator
Master/slave Pin
select
control Serial data out
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Shift register Loopback

Serial data in and control control
Serial data out
Enable
Interrupt, error control
Transmit Receive
buffer buffer
Peripheral interface
After the data frame has been completely shifted out of the shift register, it transfers the received
data frame into the receive buffer. The transmit and receive buffers are described in Section
63.2.7: Transmit and receive buffers on page 798. The SSC is therefore double buffered. This
allows back-to-back transmission and reception of data frames up to the speed that interrupts
can be serviced.
1. On the STx7100, by default the two serial data in/out signals can be multiplexed on to a single
pin for I2C mode (full-duplex mode is not supported).

The SSC can also be configured to loop the serial data output back to serial data input in order
to test the device without any external connections. This is described in Section
63.2.8: Loopback mode on page 798.
The SSC can be turned on and off by setting the enable control. This is described in Section
63.2.9: Enabling operation on page 798. It can be also be set to operate as a bus master or as a
bus slave device. This is described in Section 63.2.10: Master/slave operation on page 798.
The SSC generates interrupts in a variety of situations:
● when the transmission buffer is empty,
● when the receive buffer is full, and
● when an error occurs. A number of error conditions are detected. These are described in
Section 63.2.11: Error detection on page 799.
There are additional hardware features which can be independently enabled in order to fully
support the I2C bus standard when used in conjunction with a suitable software driver. The
additional I2C hardware is described in Section 63.3: I2C operation on page 801.
63.2.1 Pin connection and control

To fully support the SPI standard, the interface presented at the pins is:
● a single clock pin, SCLK, which is both an input and an output;
● two data pins, MTSR, and MRST, which are either inputs or outputs depending on whether
the SSC is in slave or master mode1.

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In I2C mode only, the MTSR pin is used as an input and output. This means only the MTSR pad
needs to be used on the I2C data line. However, for backward compatibility, it is still possible to
short MTSR and MRST data pins externally and achieve the same function (the MRST data
output is permanently driven to a high logic value and its input is ignored1.
These pads are provided by three bits of a standard PIO block. Their directions (input, output or
bidirectional) can therefore be configured in software using the appropriate PIO settings.
Consequently the SSC does not need to provide automatic control of data pad directions and
does not need to provide a bidirectional clock port.
1. On the STx7100, by default the two serial data in/out signals can be multiplexed on to a single
pin (full-duplex mode is not supported) for I2C mode.

The connections between the SSC ports and the relevant PIO pins are illustrated in Figure 249.
Pins are shared with PIO, and with EMPI in the GX1 (the selection between PIO and EMPI pins
is made in the glue logic).
Figure 249: SSC to PIO and EMPI connections
OUT_ENn
ALT_DATA_OUTn SCL
SSCn_SCLKOUT
SSC clock
DATA_FROM_PADSn
SSCn _SCLKIN
OUT_ENm
ALT_DATA_OUTm MTSR
SSCn_MTSR_DOUT
DATA_FROM_PADSm
SSCn_MTSR_DIN
OUT_ENp
SSC data
ALT_DATA_OUTp MRST Note: These signals
SSCn_MRST_DOUT can be multiplexed
on to the same pin
DATA_FROM_PADSp
SSCn_MRST_DIN using config control
reg B bit 24 or 25.
SSC PIO/EMPI
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The pad control block inside the SSC determines which of the serial data input ports is used to
read data from (depending on the master or slave mode). It also determines which of the serial
data output ports to write data to (depending on the master or slave mode).
The deselected serial data output port is driven to ground (except in I2C mode when it is driven
high). Therefore the user must ensure that the relevant PIO pad output enable is turned off
depending on the master/slave status of the SSC.
It is up to the user to ensure that the PIO pads are configured correctly for direction and output
driver type (for example, push/pull or open drain).
Throughout the rest of this document, the data in and out ports is referred to as
SERIAL_DATA_OUT and SERIAL_DATA_IN, where this is assumed to be the correct pair of
pins dependent on the master or slave mode of the SSC.
63.2.2 Clock generation

If the SSC is configured to be the bus master, then it generates a serial clock signal on the serial
clock output port.
The clock signal can be controlled for polarity and phase and its period (baudrate) can be set to
a variety of frequencies.
For I2C operation there are a number of additional clocking features. These are described in
Section 63.3: I2C operation on page 801.
Clock control
In master mode, the serial clock SCLK, is generated by the SSC according to the setting of the
phase bit PH and polarity bit PO in the control register SSCnCON.
The polarity bit PO defines the logic level the clock idles at, that is, when the SSC is in master
mode but is between transactions. A polarity bit of 1 indicates an idle level of logic 1; 0 indicates
idle of logic 0.

The phase bit PH indicates whether a pulse is generated in the first or second half of the cycle.
This is a pulse relative to the idle state of the clock line; so if the polarity is 0 then the pulse is
positive going; if the polarity is 1 then the pulse is negative going. A phase setting of 0 causes the
pulse to be in the second half of the cycle while a setting of 1 causes the pulse to occur in the first
half of the cycle.
The different combinations of polarity and phase are shown in Figure 250.
Figure 250: Polarity and phase combinations
PO PH
0 0
0 1
1 0
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1 1
Pins
MTSR and MRST
Load Latch Shift Latch Shift Latch Unload Load Latch Shift Latch Shift Latch Unload
The SSC always latches incoming data in the middle of the clock period at the point shown in the
diagram. With the different combinations of polarity and phase it is possible to generate or not
generate a clock pulse before the first data bit is latched.
Shifting out of data occurs at the end of the clock period. At the start of the first clock period the
shift register is loaded. At the end of the last clock period, the shift register is unloaded into the
receive buffer.
63.2.3 Baudrate generation

The SSC can generate a range of different baudrate clocks in master mode. These are set up by
programming the baudrate generator register SSCnBRG.
In write mode this register is set up to program the baudrate as defined by the following formulae:
f comms f comms
Baudrate = ------------------------------------- SSCBRG = -------------------------------------
2 × S SCGBR 2 × B audrate
where SSCBRG represents the content of the baudrate generator register, as an unsigned 16-bit
integer, and fcomms represents the comms clock frequency.

At a comms clock frequency of 60 MHz the baudrates generated are shown in Table 205.
Table 205: Baudrates and bit times for different SSCBRG reload values
Baudrate Bit time Reload value

Reserved. Use a reload value > 0 - 0x0000
5 MBaud 200 ns 0x0006
3.3 MBaud 300 ns 0x0009
2.5 MBaud 400 ns 0x000C
2.0 MBaud 500 ns 0x000F
1.0 MBaud 1 µs 0x001E
100 KBaud 10 µs 0x012C
10 KBaud 100 µs 0x0BB8
1.0 KBaud 1 ms 0x07D0
The value in SSCnBRG is used to load a counter at the start of each clock cycle. The counter
counts down until it reaches 1 and then flips the clock to the opposite logic value. Consequently,
the clock produced is twice the SSCnBRG number of comms clock cycles.
In read mode the SSCnBRG register returns the current count value. This can be used to
determine how far into each half cycle the counter is.
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63.2.4 Shift register

The shift register is loaded with the data in the transmit buffer at the start of a data frame. It then
shifts data out of the serial output port and data in from the serial input port.
The shift register can shift out LSB first or MSB first. This is programmed by the heading control
bit HB in the control register SSCnCON. A logic 1 indicates that the MSB is shifted out first and a
logic 0 that the LSB shifts first.
The width of a data frame is also programmable from 2 to 16 bits. This is set by the BM bit field
of the control register SSCnCON. A value of 0000 is not allowed. Subsequent values set the bit
width to the value plus one; for example 0001 sets the frame width to 2 bits and 1111 sets it to
16 bits.
Note: For I2C, bit SSCn_CON.BM must be programmed for a 9-bit data width.
When shifting LSB first, data comes into the shift register at the MSB of the programmed frame
width and is taken out of the LSB of the register. When shifting in MSB first, data is placed into
the LSB of the register and taken out of the MSB of the programmed data width. This is shown
for a 9-bit data frame in Figure 251.

Figure 251: 9-bit data frame shifting
MSB LSB
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Shift direction
Data in Data out

LSB first direction (HB = 0)
MSB LSB
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Shift direction
Data in
Data out
MSB first direction (HB = 1)
The shift register shifts at the end of each clock cycle. The clock pulse for shifting is presented to
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it from the clock generator (see Section 63.2.2: Clock generation on page 794). This is
regardless of the polarity or phase of the clock.
When a complete data frame has been shifted, the contents of the shift register (that is, all bits
shifted into the register) is loaded into the receive buffer.
There are some additional controls required on the shifting operation to allow full support of the
I2C bus standard. These are described in Section 63.3: I2C operation on page 801.
63.2.5 Receive data sampling

The data received by the SSC is sampled after the latching edge of the input clock, the latching
edge being determined by the programming of the polarity and phase bits.
The data value which is finally latched is determined by taking three data samples at the third,
fourth and fifth comms clock periods after the latching data edge. The data value is determined
from the predominant data value in the three samples. This gives an element of spike
suppression.
63.2.6 Antiglitch filter

The antiglitch filter suppresses any pulses which have a value in microseconds of less than a
programmed width. Such signals may be either high or low. The filter has two registers,
SSC_NOISE_SUPP_WID and SSC_PRESCALER.
SSC_NOISE_SUPP_WID holds the value of maximum glitch width. To suppress glitches of n
microseconds and below, the value n + 1 is written into the register. Writing 0x00 bypasses the
antiglitch filter.
The comms clock is divided by a prescaler factor equivalent to 10 MHz, before being fed to the
antiglitch filter. For example, if the comms clock is 50 MHz the prescaler division factor is 5.

63.2.7 Transmit and receive buffers

The transmit and receive buffers are used to allow the SSC to do back-to-back transfers; that is,
continuous clock and data transmission.
The transmit buffer SSCnTBUF is written with the data to be sent out of the SSC. This is loaded
into the shift register for transmission. Once this has been performed, the SSCnTBUF is
available to be loaded again with a new data frame. This is indicated by the assertion of the
transmit interrupt request status bit SSCTIR, which indicates that the transmit buffer is empty.
This causes an interrupt if the transmit buffer empty interrupt is enabled, by setting the TIEN bit
in the interrupt enable register SSCnIEN.
A transmission is started in master mode by a write to the transmit buffer. This starts the clock
generation circuit and loads the shift register with the new data.
Continuous transfers of data are therefore possible by reloading the transmit buffer whenever
the interrupt is received. The software interrupt routine has the length of time for a complete data
frame in order to refill the buffer before it is next emptied. If the transmit buffer is not reloaded in
time when in slave mode, a transmit error condition TE (see Section 63.2.11: Error detection) is
generated.
The number of bits to be loaded into the transmit buffer is determined by the frame data width
selected in the control register bit BM. The unused bits are ignored.
The receive buffer SSCnRBUF is loaded from the shift register when a complete data frame has
been shifted in. This is indicated by the assertion of the receive interrupt request status bit RIR,
which indicates that the receive buffer is full. This causes an interrupt if the receive buffer full
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interrupt is enabled, by setting the RIEN in the interrupt enable register.

The CPU should then read out the contents of this register before the next data frame has been
received otherwise the buffer is reloaded from the shift register over the top of the previous data.
This is indicated as a receive error condition RE. See Section 63.2.11: Error detection.
The number of bits which is loaded into the receive buffer is determined by the frame data width
selected in the control register BM. The unused bits are not valid and should be ignored.
63.2.8 Loopback mode

A loopback mode is provided which connects the SERIAL_DATA_OUT to SERIAL_DATA_IN.
This allows software testing to be performed without the need for an external bus device. This
mode is enabled by setting the LPB bit in the control register, SSCnCON. A setting of logic 1
enables loopback, logic 0 puts the SSC into normal operation.
63.2.9 Enabling operation

The transmission and reception of data by the SSC block can be enabled or disabled by setting
the EN bit in the control register, SSCnCON. A setting of logic 1 turns on the SSC block for
transmission and reception. Logic 0 prevents the block from reading or writing data to the serial
data input and output ports.
63.2.10 Master/slave operation

The control of a number of the features of the SSC depends on whether the block is in master or
slave mode. For example, in master mode the SSC generates the serial clock signal according
to the setting of baudrate, polarity and phase. In slave mode, no clock is generated and instead
the assumption is made that an external device is generating the serial clock.
Master or slave mode is set by the MS bit in the control register, SSCnCON. A setting of logic 0
means the SSC is in slave mode, a setting of logic 1 puts the device into master mode.

63.2.11 Error detection

A number of different error conditions can be detected by the SSC. These are related to the
mode of operation (master or slave, or both).
On detection of any of these error conditions a status flag is set in the status register, SSCnSTAT.
Also, if the relevant enable bit is set in the interrupt enables register SSCnIEN, then an error
interrupt is generated from the SSC.
The different error conditions are described as follows.
Transmit error
A transmit error can be generated both in master and slave mode. It indicates that a transfer has
been initiated by a remote master device before a new transmit data buffer value has been
written in to the SSC.
In other words, the error occurs when old transmit data is going to be transmitted. This could
cause data corruption in the half-duplex open drain configuration.
The error condition is indicated by the setting of the TE bit in the status register. An interrupt is
generated if the TEEN bit is set in the interrupt enables register.
The transmit error status bit (and the interrupt, if enabled) is cleared by the next write to the
transmit buffer.
Receive error
A receive error can be generated in both master and slave modes. It indicates that a new data
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frame has been completely received into the shift register and has been loaded into the receive
buffer before the existing receive buffer contents have been read out. Consequently, the receive
buffer has been overwritten with new data and the old data is lost.
The error condition is indicated by the setting of the RE bit in the status register SSCnSTAT. An
interrupt is generated if the REEN bit is set in the interrupt enables register.
The receive error status bit (and the interrupt, if enabled) is cleared by the next read from the
receive buffer.
Phase error
A phase error can be generated in master and slave modes. This indicates that the data received
at the incoming data pin (MRST in master mode or MTSR in slave mode) has changed during
the time from one sample before the latching clock edge and two samples after the edge.

The data at the incoming data pin is supposed to be stable around the time of the latching clock
edge, hence the error condition. Each sample occurs at the comms clock frequency. The
sampling scheme is shown in Figure 252.
Figure 252: Sampling scheme
Comms clock
Serial clock in
SERIAL_DATA_IN
Sampling points
Phase error? No No Yes

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The error condition is indicated by the setting of the PE bit in the status register. An interrupt is
generated if the PEEN bit is set in the interrupt enables register. The phase error status bit (and
the interrupt, if enabled) is cleared by the next read from the receive buffer.
63.2.12 Interrupt mechanism

The SSC can generate a variety of different interrupts. They can all be enabled or disabled
independently of each other. All the enabled interrupt conditions are ORed together to generate
a global interrupt signal.
To determine which interrupt condition has occurred, a status register SSCnSTAT is provided
which includes a bit for each condition. This is independent of the interrupt enables register
SSCnIEN, and determines whether the condition asserts one or more of the interrupt signals.

63.3 I2C operation

This section describes the additional hardware features which are implemented in order to allow
full support for the I2C bus standard.
The architecture of the I2C including all the I2C hardware additions is shown in Figure 253.
Figure 253: I2C architecture
Serial clock in
Clock
generator
Clock stretcher Serial clock out
I2C control START/STOP

generator
START/STOP
detect
Acknowledge
Slave address generator
comparison
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Arbitration
Shift register
checker
Serial data in
Serial data out
Transmit buffer Receive buffer
Peripheral interface
63.3.1 I2C control

There are a number of features of the I2C-bus protocol which require special control.
● To allow slow slave devices to be accessed and to allow multiple master devices to
generate a consistent clock signal, a clock synchronization mechanism is specified.
● START and STOP conditions must be recognized when in slave mode or multi-master
mode. A START condition initiates the address comparison phase. A STOP condition
indicates that a master has completed transmission and that the bus is now free.
● In slave mode (and in multi-master configurations), it is necessary to determine if the first
byte received after a START condition is the address of the SSC. If it is, then an
acknowledge must be generated in the ninth bit position.

Subsequently, an interrupt must be generated to inform the software that the SSC has been
addressed as a slave device and therefore that it needs to either send data to the addressing
master or to receive data from it.
In addition to normal 7-bit addressing, there is an extended 10-bit addressing mode where the
address is spread over two bytes. In this mode, the SSC must compare two consecutive bytes
with the incoming data after a START condition. It must also generate acknowledge bits for the
first and second bytes automatically if the address matches.
The 10-bit addressing mode is further complicated by the fact that if the slave has been
previously addressed for writing with the full two-byte address, the master can issue a repeated
START condition and then transmit just the first address byte for a read. The slave therefore
must remember that it has already been addressed and must respond.
● For the software interrupt handler to have time to service interrupts, the SSC can hold the
clock line low until the software releases it. This is called clock stretching.
● In master mode the SSC must begin a transmission by generating a START condition and
must end transmission by generating a STOP condition. In multi-master configurations a
START condition should not be generated if the bus is already busy; that is, a START
condition has already been received.
● When the SSC is receiving data from another device, it must generate acknowledge bits in
the ninth bit position. However, when receiving data as a master, the last byte received must
not be acknowledged. This only applies to data bytes; when operating as a slave device the
SSC should always acknowledge a matching address byte; that is, the first byte after a
START condition.
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● In multi-master configurations, arbitration must take place because it is not possible to

determine if another master is also trying to transmit to the bus; that is, the START
conditions were generated within the allowed time frame.
Arbitration involves checking that the data being transmitted is the same as the data received. If
this is not the case, then we have lost arbitration. The SSC must then continue to transmit a high
logic level for the rest of the byte to avoid corrupting the bus.
It is also possible that, having lost arbitration, it is addressed as a slave device. So the SSC must
then go into slave mode and compare the address in the normal fashion (and generate an
acknowledge if it was addressed).
After the byte plus acknowledge the SSC must indicate to the software that we have lost
arbitration by setting a flag.
All of these features are provided in the SSC design. They are controlled by the I2C control block
which interacts with various other modules to perform the protocols.
In order to program for I2C mode, a separate control register SSCnI2C is provided. To perform
any of the I2C hardware features, the I2C control bit I2CM, must be set in this register. When the
I2C control bit is set, the clock synchronization mechanism is always enabled (see Section
63.3.2: Clock synchronization on page 803). When the I2C control bit is set, the START and
STOP condition detection is performed. Fast mode is supported by bit 12 (I2CFSMODE) of the
SSCnI2C register. In addition bits PH and PO of register SSC_nCON must be set to 1.
To program the slave address of the SSC the slave address register, SSCnSLAD must be written
to with the address value. In the case of 7-bit addresses, only 7 bits should be written. For 10-bit
addressing, the full 10 bits are written. The SSC then uses this register to compare the slave
address transmitted after a START condition (see Section 63.3.4: Slave address comparison on
page 805). To perform 10-bit address comparison and address acknowledge generation, the 10-
bit addressing mode bit AD10 must be set in the SSCnI2C register (see Section 63.3.4: Slave
address comparison).
The clock stretching mechanism is enabled for various interrupt conditions when the I2C control
enable bit I2CM in register SSCnI2C is set (see Section 63.3.5: Clock stretching on page 806).

To generate a START condition, the I2C START condition generate bit STRTG in register
SSCnI2C, must be set (see Section 63.3.6: START/STOP condition generation on page 806). To
generate a STOP condition, the I2C STOP condition generate bit STOPG, must be set (see
Section 63.3.6: START/STOP condition generation).
To generate acknowledge bits (that is, a low data bit), after each 8 bit data byte when receiving
data, the acknowledge generation bit ACKG in register SSCnI2C, must be set. When receiving
data as a master, this bit must be reset to 0 before the final data byte is received, thereby
signalling to the slave to stop transmitting (see Section 63.3.7: Acknowledge bit generation on
page 807).
To indicate to the software that various situations have arisen on the I2C bus, a number of status
bits are provided in the status register SSCnSTAT. In addition, some of these bits can generate
interrupts if corresponding bits are set in the interrupt enable register SSCnIEN.
To indicate that the SSC has been accessed as a slave device, the addressed as slave bit AAS
in register SSCnSTAT, is set. This also causes an interrupt if the AASEN bit is set in register
SSCnIEN.
The interrupt occurs after the SSC has generated the address acknowledge bit. In 10-bit
addressing mode, where two bytes of address are sent, the interrupt occurs after the second
byte acknowledge bit; it occurs after the first byte acknowledge where only one byte is required.
Until the status bit is reset, the SSC holds the clock line low (see Section 63.3.5: Clock stretching
on page 806). This forces the master device to wait until the software has processed the
interrupt.
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The status bit and the interrupt are reset by reading from the receive buffer SSCnRBUF, when
the slave is being sent data, and by writing to the transmit buffer SSCnTBUF, when the SSC
needs to send data.
To indicate that a STOP condition has been received, when in slave mode, the STOP condition
detected bit STOP is set. This also causes an interrupt if the STOPEN bit is set in the interrupt
enable register. The STOP interrupt and status bit is reset by a read of the status register
SSCnSTAT.
To indicate that the SSC has lost the arbitration process, when in a multi-master configuration,
the arbitration lost bit ARBL in register SSCnSTAT, is set. This also results in an interrupt if the
ARBLEN bit is set in the interrupt enable register. The interrupt occurs immediately after the
arbitration is lost.
Until the status bit is reset, the SSC holds the clock line low at the end of the current data frame,
(see Section 63.3.5: Clock stretching). This forces the winning master device to wait until the
software has processed the interrupt.
The interrupt and status bit is reset by a read of the status register SSCnSTAT.
To indicate that the I2C bus is busy (that is, between a START and a STOP condition), the I2C
bus busy bit BUSY in register SSCnSTAT is set. This does not generate an interrupt.
63.3.2 Clock synchronization

The I2C standard defines how the serial clock signal can be stretched by slow slave devices and
how a single synchronized clock is generated in a multi-master environment. The clock
synchronization of all the devices is performed as follows.
All master devices start generating their low clock pulse when the external clock line goes low
(this may or may not correspond with their own generated high to low transition).
They count out their low clock period and when finished attempt to pull the clock line high.
However, if another master device is attempting to use a slower clock frequency, then it is
holding the clock line low, or if a slave device wants to, it can extend the clock period by
deliberately holding the clock low.

As the output drive is open-drain, the slower clock wins and the external clock line remains low
until this device has finished counting its slow clock pulse, or until the slave device is ready to
proceed. In the mean time, the quicker master device has detected a contradiction and goes into
a wait state until the clock signal goes high again.
Once the external clock signal goes high, all the master devices begin counting off their high
clock pulse. In this case the first master to finish counting attempts to pull the external clock line
low and wins (because of the open drain line). The other master devices detect this and abort
their high pulse count and switch to counting out their low clock pulse.
Consequently, the quicker master device determines the length of the high clock pulse and the
slowest master or slave device determines the length of the low clock pulse.
This results in a single synchronized clock signal which all master and slave devices then use to
clock their shift registers.
The synchronization and stretching mechanism is shown in Figure 254.
Figure 254: Synchronization and stretching
Master 1
Master 2
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Master 1
Resultant low period
clock
Master 2
high period Slave
stretch
Slave
stretched
The SSC implements this clock synchronization mechanism when the I2C control bit I2CM, is
enabled.
63.3.3 START/STOP condition detection

START/STOP conditions are only generated by a master device. A slave device must detect the
START condition and expect the next byte (or two bytes in 10-bit addressing) to be a slave
address. A STOP condition is used to signal when the bus is free.
A START condition occurs when the transmit/receive data line changes from high to low during
the high period of the clock line. It indicates that a master device wants control of the bus. In a
single master configuration, it automatically gets control. In a multi-master configuration, it
begins to transmit as part of the arbitration procedure, and may or may not get control (see
Section 63.3.8: Arbitration checking on page 807).
A STOP condition occurs when the transmit/receive data line changes from low to high during
the high period of the clock line. It indicates that a master device has relinquished control of the
bus (the bus is made free a specified time after the stop condition).
An additional piece of hardware is provided on the SSC to detect START and STOP conditions.
This is necessary in slave mode as detection cannot be performed in time merely by
programming the PIO pads. This is because there is not sufficient time for a software interrupt

between the end of the START condition and the beginning of the data transmitted by a remote
master.
START and STOP conditions are detected by sampling the data line continuously when the clock
line is high. Minimum set up and hold times are measured by the counters.
The START condition is detected when data goes low (and the clock is high) and remains low for
the minimum time specified by the I2C standard.
The STOP condition is detected when data goes high (and the clock is high) and remains high
for the minimum time specified by the I2C standard.
START and STOP condition detection is enabled when the I2C control bit I2CM is set in the I2C
control register.
When a START condition is triggered, the SSC informs the I2C control block which then initiates
the address comparison phase.
When a STOP condition is triggered, the SSC sets the STOP bit in the status register. It also
generates an interrupt if the STOPDEN bit is set in the interrupt enable register.
The interrupt and the status bit are cleared when the status register is read.
63.3.4 Slave address comparison

After a START condition has been detected, the SSC goes into the address comparison phase.
It receives the first eight bits of the next byte transmitted and compares the first seven bits
against the address stored in the slave address register SSCnSLAD. If they match, the address
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comparison block indicates this to the I2C control block.

This generates an acknowledge bit in the next bit position and set the addressed as slave bit
AAS in the status register. An interrupt is then generated after the acknowledge bit if the
addressed as slave enable bit AASEN is set in the interrupt enables register.
The eighth bit of the first byte indicates whether the SSC is written to (low) or read from (high).
This is used by the control block to determine if it needs to acknowledge the following data bytes
(that is, when receiving data).
When 10-bit addressing mode is selected by setting the 10-bit addressing bit AD10 in register
SSCnI2C, the first seven bits of the first data byte is compared against 11110nn, where nn is the
two most significant bits of the 10-bit address stored in the slave address register.
The read/write bit then determines what to do next.
If the read/write bit is low, indicating a write, an acknowledge must be generated for the byte. The
addressed as slave status bit and interrupt however are not yet asserted so, instead, the address
comparator waits for the next data byte and compares this against the eight least significant bits
of the slave address register.
If this matches, then the SSC is being addressed, so the second byte is acknowledged and the
addressed as slave bit is set. An interrupt also occurs after the acknowledge bit if the addressed
as slave interrupt enable is set.
On the other hand if the first byte sent has the read/write bit high, then the SSC only
acknowledges it if it has previously been addressed and a STOP condition has not yet occurred
(that is, the master has generated a repeated START condition). In this case the addressed as
slave bit is set after the first byte plus acknowledge and an interrupt is generated if the interrupt
enable is set. The second byte in this case is sent by the SSC as this is a read operation.
In all cases if the address does not match, then the SSC ignores further data until a STOP
condition is detected.

63.3.5 Clock stretching

The I2C standard allows slave devices to hold the clock line low if they need more time to
process the data being received (see Section 63.3.2: Clock synchronization on page 803). The
SSC takes advantage of this by inserting extended clock low periods. This is done to allow a
software device driver to process the interrupt conditions when in slave mode.
The clock stretching mechanism is used in the situations listed below.
● When the SSC has been addressed as a slave device and the interrupt has been enabled.
The clock stretch occurs immediately after the first byte with acknowledge, after a START
condition has occurred (or in the case of 1-bit addressing this might occur after the second
byte plus acknowledge). This gives the software interrupt routine time to initialize for
transmission or reception of data. The clock stretch is cleared by writing 0x1FF to the
transmit buffer register.
● When the SSC is in slave mode and is transmitting or receiving. The clock stretch occurs
immediately after each data byte plus acknowledge. When transmitting, this allows the
software interrupt routine to check that the master has acknowledged before writing the next
data byte into the transmit buffer. If no acknowledge is received, then the software must
stop transmitting bytes. When receiving, it allows the software to read the next data byte
before the master starts to send the next one. The clock stretch is cleared by a write to the
transmit buffer when transmitting and by a read from the receive buffer when receiving.
● When the SSC loses arbitration. The clock stretch occurs immediately after the current data
byte and acknowledge have been performed only if the master which has lost arbitration
has been addressed. This gives the software time to abort its current transmission and
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prepare to retry after the next STOP condition. The clock stretch is not performed if the
master which has lost arbitration has not been addressed.
If a clock stretching event occurs but no relevant interrupt is enabled then the clock is stretched
indefinitely. Hence it is important that the correct interrupts are always enabled.
63.3.6 START/STOP condition generation

As a master device the SSC must generate a START condition before transmission of the first
byte can start. It may also generate repeated START conditions. It must complete its access to
the bus with a STOP condition.
Between STOP and START conditions, the bus is free and the clock and data lines must be held
high. The I2C control block determines this and instructs the START/STOP generator to hold the
lines high between transactions.
The START/STOP generator is controlled by the START condition generate bit STRTG and the
STOP condition generate bit STOPG in register SSCnI2C.
The generator pulls the SERIAL_DATA_OUT line low during the high period of the clock to
produce a START condition. In the case of a STOP condition it pulls the data line high.
However, a START condition is only generated if the bus is currently free (that is, the BUSY bit in
the status register is low). This is to prevent the SSC from generating a START condition when
another master has just generated one.
If a START condition cannot be generated because the bus is busy, then the generator forces the
arbitration checker to generate an arbitration lost interrupt and prevent data from being
transmitted for the next byte. The software interrupt handler is therefore informed of the aborted
transmission when servicing the interrupt. Bit 11 (REPSTRT) of register SSCnSTAT shows that a
repeated start condition has occurred.
To properly generate the timing waveforms of the START and STOP conditions, the SSC
contains a timing counter. This ensures the minimum setup and hold times are met with some
additional margin.

63.3.7 Acknowledge bit generation

For I2C operation, it is required to both detect acknowledge bits when transmitting data, and to
generate them when receiving data.
An acknowledge bit must be transmitted by the receiver at the end of every 8-bit data frame. The
transmitter must verify that an acknowledge bit has been received before continuing.
An acknowledge bit is not generated by a master receiver for the last byte it wishes to receive.
This “not acknowledge” is used by the slave device to determine when to stop transmission.
The acknowledge bit is generated by the receiver after the eight data bits have been transferred
to it. In the ninth clock pulse, the transmitter holds the data line high and the receiver must pull
the line low to acknowledge receipt. If the receiver is unable to acknowledge receipt, then the
master generates a stop condition to abort the transfer.
Acknowledge bits are generated by the SSC when the acknowledge generation bit, ACKG, is set
in the I2C control register. They are only generated when receiving data.
When in master mode and receiving data the ACKG bit should be set to 0 before the last byte to
be received. The SSC automatically generates acknowledge bits when addressed as a slave
device.
Bit 10 of the SSCnIEN register (NACKEN) permits the setting of an interrupt on a NACK
condition.
63.3.8 Arbitration checking

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This situation only arises when two or more master devices generate a START condition within
the minimum hold time of the bus standard. This generates a valid start condition on the bus with
more than one master valid.
However, a master device cannot determine if two or more masters have generated a START
condition, so arbitration is always enabled. The arbitration for which device wins control of the
bus is determined by which master is the first to transmit a low data bit on the data line when the
other master wants to send a high bit. This master wins control of the bus. Therefore a master
which detects a different data bit on its input to that which it transmitted must switch off its output
stage for the rest of the eight bit data byte, as it has lost the arbitration.
The arbitration scheme does not affect the data transmitted by the winning master.
Consequently, arbitration proceeds concurrently with data transmission and the data received by
the selected slave during the arbitration process. It is valid that the winning master is actually
addressing the losing master and hence this device must respond as if it were a slave device.
Arbitration is implemented in hardware by comparing the transmitted and received data bits
every cycle. Loss of arbitration is indicated by the setting of the ARBL arbitration lost error flag in
the status register. An interrupt also occurs if the ARBLEN bit is set in the interrupt enables
register.
Loss of arbitration also causes a clock stretch to be inserted if the master which has lost
arbitration has been addressed. The interrupt and the clock stretch occurs immediately after the
eight bits plus acknowledge. The clock stretch is cleared when the software reads the receive
buffer.

64 Synchronous serial controller (SSC) registers STx7100
64 Synchronous serial controller (SSC) registers
Register addresses are provided as SSCnBaseAddress + offset.

The SSCnBaseAddresses are:
SSC0: 0x1804 0000,
SSC1: 0x1804 1000,
SSC2: 0x1804 2000,
SSC3: 0x1804 3000.
Table 206: SSC register summary
SSCn_BRG SSCn baudrate generation 0x000 R/W
SSCn_TBUFF SSCn transmit buffer 0x004 WO
SSCn_RBUFF SSCn receive buffer 0x008 RO
SSCn_CTRL SSCn control 0x00C R/W
SSCn_INT_EN SSCn interrupt enable 0x010 R/W
SSCn_STA SSCn status 0x014 RO

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SSCn_I2C_CTRL SSCn I2C control 0x018 R/W
SSCn_SLA_ADDR SSCn slave address 0x01C WO
SSC_REP_START_HOLD_TIME Programming repeated start hold time count value 0x020 R/W
SSC_START_HOLD_TIME Programming start hold time count value 0x024 R/W
SSC_REP_START_SETUP_TIME Programming repeated start setup time count value 0x028 R/W
SSC_DATA_SETUP_TIME Programming data setup time count value 0x02C R/W
SSC_STOP_SETUP_TIME Programming stop setup time count value 0x030 R/W
SSC_BUS_FREE_TIME Programming bus free time count value 0x034 R/W
SSC_TX_FSTAT Transmitter FIFO status 0x038 RO
SSC_RX_FSTAT Receiver FIFO status 0x03C RO
SSC_RE_SCALER_BRG Programming prescaler value for clock 0x040 R/W
SSC_CLR_STA Clear status bits 0x080
SSC_NOISE_SUPP_WID Noise suppression width 0x100 R/W
SSC_PRESCALER Clock prescaler 0x104 R/W
SSC_NOISE_SUPP_WID_DOUT Noise suppression max output data delay width 0x108
SSC_PRE_SCALER_DATAOUT Prescaler data out 0x10C

STx7100 64 Synchronous serial controller (SSC) registers
SSCn_BRG SSCn baudrate generation
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
BRG
Address: SSCnBaseAddress + 0x000

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x01
Description: This register is dual purpose. When reading, the current 16-bit counter value is
returned. When a value is written to this address, the 16-bit reload register is loaded
with that value.
When in slave mode, BRG must be zero.
BRG is only changed when initialization of the master is performed for a master
transaction. When the SSC is master and either the addressed as slave or arbitration
lost interrupts are fired then BRG must be reset to 0.
SSCn_TBUFF SSCn transmit buffer
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
TD[15:0]
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Type: WO
Reset: 0x00
Description: Transmit buffer data TD15 to TD0.
SSCn_RBUFF SSCn receive buffer

15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RD[15:0]

Type: RO
Reset: 0x00
Description: Receive buffer data RD15 to RD0.

SSCn_CTRL SSCn control

15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CLKST_RX_NOT_TX_EN
RX_FIFO_EN
Reserved
Reserved LPB EN MS SR PO PH HB BM
Address: SSCnBaseAddress + 0x00C

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x00
Description:
[15:14] Reserved
[13] CLKST_RX_NOT_TX_EN
0 Enable clock stretch by transmitter 1 Enable clock stretch by receiver
[12] RX_FIFO_EN: Enable Rx side FIFO
0 FIFO bypassed 1 FIFO enabled
[11] Reserved
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[10] LPB: SSC loopback

0: Disabled, 1: Shift register output is connected to shift register input
[9] EN: SSC enable
0: Transmission and reception disabled, 1: Transmission and reception enabled
[8] MS: SSC master select
0: Slave mode 1: Master mode
[7] SR: SSC software reset
0: Device is not reset 1: All functions are reset while this bit is set
[6] PO: SSC clock polarity control
0: Clock idles at logic 0 1: Clock idles at logic 1
Must be set in I2C mode.
[5] PH: SSC clock phase control
0: Pulse in second half cycle 1: Pulse in first half cycle
2
Must be set in I C mode.
[4] HB: SSC heading control
0: LSB first 1: MSB first
[3:0] BM: SSC data width selection (reset value is illegal)
0000: Reserved, do not use this combination 0001: 2 bits
0010: 3 bits up to 1111: 16 bits

SSCn_INT_EN SSCn interrupt enable

15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
REPSTRT_EN
SSCRHFI_EN
NACK_EN
STOP_EN
ARBL_EN
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
AAS_EN
RE_EN
PE_EN
TE_EN
RI_EN
TI_EN
Type: R/W
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register holds the interrupt enable bits, which can be used to mask the interrupts.
[15] Reserved
[14] SSCRHFI_EN: Receiver FIFO half full interrupt enable
1: Interrupt enabled
[13:12] Reserved
[11] REPSTRT_EN: I2C repeated start condition interrupt enable
1: Repeated condition interrupt enabled
[10] NACK_EN: I2C NACK condition interrupt enable
1: NACK condition interrupt enabled
[9] Reserved
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[8] ARBL_EN: I2C arbitration lost interrupt enable

1: Arbitration lost interrupt enabled
[7] STOP_EN: I2C stop condition interrupt enable
1: Stop condition interrupt enabled
[6] AAS_EN: I2C addressed as slave interrupt enable
1: Addressed as slave interrupt enabled
[5] Reserved
[4] PE_EN: Phase error interrupt enable
1: Phase error interrupt enabled
[3] RE_EN: Receive error interrupt enable
1: Receive error interrupt enabled
[2] TE_EN: Transmit error interrupt enable
1: Transmit error interrupt enabled
[1] TI_EN: Transmitter buffer empty interrupt enable
1: Transmitter buffer empty interrupt enabled
[0] RI_EN: Receiver buffer full interrupt enable
1: Receiver buffer interrupt enabled

SSCn_STA SSCn status

15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
REPSTRT
Reserved
NACK
BUSY
STOP
ARBL
CLST
AAS
RIR
TIR
RE
PE
TE
Type: RO
Reset: 0x02 (all active bits clear except TIR)
Description:
[15:12] Reserved
[11] REPSTRT: I2C repeated start flag
1: I2C repeated start condition detected
[10] NACK: I2C NACK flag
1: NACK received
[9] BUSY: I2C bus busy flag
1: I2C bus busy
[8] ARBL: I2C arbitration lost flag
1: Arbitration lost
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[7] STOP: I2C stop condition flag

1: Stop condition detected
[6] AAS: I2C addressed as slave flag
1: Addressed as slave device
[5] CLST: I2C clock stretch flag
1: Clock stretching in operation
[4] PE: Phase error flag
1: Phase error set
[3] RE: Receive error flag
1: Receive error set
[2] TE: Transmit error flag
1: Transmit error set
[1] TIR: Transmitter buffer empty flag
1: Transmitter buffer empty
[0] RIR: Receiver buffer full flag
1: Receiver buffer full

SSCn_I2C_CTRL SSCn I2C control

15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
I2CFSMODE
REPSTRTG
Reserved
Reserved
STOPG
STRTG
TX_EN
ACKG
AD10
I2CM
Type: R/W
Reset: 0x00
Description: To suit I2C specifications, bits PH and PO of register SSC_nCON must also be set to 1.
[15:13] Reserved
[12] I2CFSMODE: Configures standard or fast mode for I2C operation
0: Standard mode 1: Fast mode
[11] REPSTRTG: SSC I2C generate repeated START condition
[10:6] Reserved
[5] TX_EN: SSC I2C transaction enable control
[4] AD10: SSC I2C 10-bit addressing control
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0: Disabled 1: Use 10 bit addressing

[3] ACKG: SSC I2C generate acknowledge bits
0: Disabled 1: Generate acknowledge bits when receiving
[2] STOPG: SSC I2C generate STOP condition
0: Disabled 1: Generate a STOP condition
[1] STRTG: SSC I2C generate START condition
0: Disabled 1: Generate a START condition
[0] I2CM: SSC I2C control
0: Disabled 1: Enable I2C features
SSCn_SLA_ADDR SSCn slave address
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved SL[9:7] SL[6:0]

Type: WO
Reset: 0x00
Description: The slave address is written into this register. If the address is a 10-bit address it is
written into bits [9:0]. If the address is a 7-bit address then it is written into bits [6:0].

SSC_REP_START_HOLD_TIME Programming repeated start hold time count value
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
REP_START_HOLD_TIME

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x01
Description: The value in this register corresponds to the I2C repeated start hold time requirement.
[15:0] REP_START_HOLD_TIME
time = clock_period * (value in register)
SSC_START_HOLD_TIME Programming start hold time count value
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
START_HOLD_TIME

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x01
Description: The value in this register corresponds to the I2C start hold time requirement.
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[15:0] START_HOLD_TIME
SSC_REP_START_SETUP_TIME Programming repeated start setup time count value
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
REP_START_SETUP_TIME

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x01
Description: The value in this register corresponds to the I2C repeated start setup time requirement.
[15:0] REP_START_SETUP_TIME
SSC_DATA_SETUP_TIME Programming data setup time count value
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DATA_SETUP_TIME

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x01
Description: The value in this register corresponds to the I2C data setup time requirement.
[15:0] DATA_SETUP_TIME

SSC_STOP_SETUP_TIME Programming stop setup time count value
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
STOP_SETUP_TIME

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x01
Description: The value in this register corresponds to the I2C stop setup time requirement.
[15:0] STOP_SETUP_TIME
SSC_BUS_FREE_TIME Programming bus free time count value
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
BUS_FREE_TIME

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x01
Description: The value in this register corresponds to the I2C bus free time requirement.
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[15:0] BUS_FREE_TIME
SSC_TX_FSTAT Transmitter FIFO status
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved SSCTXF_STA

Type: RO
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register depicts the Tx FIFO status.
[15:3] Reserved
[2:0] SSCTXFSTAT: Tx FIFO status - number of words in the Tx FIFO:
000: 0 (empty) 100: 4
001: 1 101: 5
010: 2 110: 6
011: 3 111: 7 (full)

SSC_RX_FSTAT Receiver FIFO status
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved SSCRXF_STA

Type: RO
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register depicts the Rx FIFO status.
[15:13] Reserved
[2:0] SSCRXFSTAT: Rx FIFO status
Register contains the number of words in the Rx FIFO:
000: 0 (empty) 100: 4
001: 1 101: 5
010: 2 110: 6
011: 3 111: 7 (full)
SSC_RE_SCALER_BRG Programming prescaler value for clock
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PRE_SCALER_BRG
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Type: R/W
Reset: 0x01
Description: The value in this register is used to further pre-scale the clock generated according to
the programming of the baud rate. It can be used in conjunction with the programming in
register SSCn_BRG to slow down the serial clock generated in order to operate at lower
frequencies.
[15:0] PRE_SCALER_BRG: Pre-scaling the BRG clock

SSC_CLR_STA Clear status bits

31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SSCSTOP_CLR
REPSTRT_CLR
SSCARBL_CLR
SSCAAS_CLR
NACK_CLR
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x00
Description: Clear bits in SSCn_STA.
[15:12] Reserved
[11] CLR_REPSTRT
1: Clear REPSTRT
[10] CLR_NACK
1: Clear SCCNACK
[9] Reserved
[8] CLR_SSCARBL
1: Clear SSC_ARBL
[7] CLR_SSCSTOP
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1: Clear SSC_STOP
[6] CLR_SSCAAS
1: Clear SSC_AAS
[5:0] Reserved
SSC_NOISE_SUPP_WID Noise suppression width

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NOISE_SUPP_WID

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x00
Description: The value, in microseconds, in this register determines the maximum width of noise
pulses which the filter suppresses. To suppress glitches of n width, load n+1 in this
register. All signal transitions whose width is less than the value in
SSC_NOISE_SUPP_WID are suppressed. Writing 0x00 into this register bypasses the
antiglitch filter.

SSC_PRESCALER Clock prescaler

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved PRESCALE_VAL

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x00
Description: This register holds the prescaler division factor for glitch suppression, equivalent to
10 MHz. For example if the comms clock is 50 MHz the prescaler division factor should
be 5.
SSC_NOISE_SUPP_WID_DOUT Noise suppression max output data delay width
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved NSWD

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Holds the maximum delay width by which output data has to be delayed.
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SSC_PRE_SCALER_DATAOUT Prescaler data out
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved PSDO

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Pre-scaler division factor of input system clock. The output of this section is fed to the
baud rate generator to generate the serial clock.

STx7100 65 CSS/CPxM
65 CSS/CPxM
This block has the following capabilities:

● decryption for DVD-video and DVD-audio formats,
● encryption for recordable media (CPRM),
● ATAPI DVD drive authentication,
● CSS decoding.
The content protection for recorded or prerecorded media (CPRM/CPPM) defines a robust and
renewable method for protecting content stored on a number of physical media types.
CPPM decoding and CPRM encoding can be used simultaneously. Encode and decode
processes may be carried out simultaneously for all process types (CPPM, CPRM and CSS);
however, only one device key set can be loaded at a time. This means that the key has to be
changed when switching between CPPM and CPRM.
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66 Digital satellite equipment control (DiSEqC) 2.0 STx7100
66 Digital satellite equipment control (DiSEqC) 2.0
66.1 Overview
The DiSEqC (digital satellite equipment control) bus protocol provides nonproprietary commands
to enable communication between satellite receivers and satellite peripheral equipment via a
coaxial cable. The DiSEqC system supports the DiSEqC v2.0 standard, which is a single master,
multiple slave bidirectional system and uses a pulse width keying coded signal to perform
peripheral device functions such as controlling polarization skew, remotely selecting a LNB local
oscillator frequency, moving a steerable antenna to point in the required direction.
The pulse width and the bit interval are software-programmable, which makes the DiSEqC
interface highly flexible to support different pulse width keying coding protocols.
This block transmits and receives the DiSEqC 2.0 compatible frames.
The processor provides the framing (run-in), address, command and the ancillary data fields of
the message.
In the transmitter, the complete message including the framing, address, command and the
payload data bytes are coded using programmable PWK data, and transmitted using a
programmable subcarrier frequency. An interrupt is generated after the total message is
transmitted.
In the receiver the payload received is stored in a local FIFO which is accessible by the
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processor. An interrupt is generated when pre programmed conditions are met by the module.
The pulse width and symbol periods have to be programmed separately for the receive section.
Note: Subcarrier suppression for the receiver is carried out externally.
The DiSEqC block diagram is shown in Figure 255 below.
Figure 255: Block diagram of DiSEqC control module
DISEQC_TX_DATA_OUT
DiSEqC transmitter
STBus
DISEQC_RX_DATA_IN
DiSEqC receiver
The function of the sub-blocks is explained in the following sections.

STx7100 66 Digital satellite equipment control (DiSEqC) 2.0
66.2 DiSEqC transmitter

The DiSEqC transmitter generates DiSEqC-compatible data messages. Each message data
format is composed of a start (run-in) framer byte, a slave address byte, a command byte and
ancillary data bytes which may depend upon the command structure. Each byte is followed by an
odd parity check bit. The bits are transmitted as a continuous sequence until the message is
complete.
A complete message frame is shown in Figure 256 below.
Figure 256: DiSEqC Frame
Master command
FRAMING P ADDRESS P COMMAND P DATA P
Slave reply
FRAMING P DATA P DATA P

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Each bit in a DiSEqC 2.0 message is represented using a pulse width keying coded signal. The
bits are modulated by a subcarrier (square wave) before transmission. The generation of the
framing byte and the parity enable or disable or selection of odd or even parity is software
programmable. The address, command and data bytes required to be transmitted in the payload
are also written by the processor.
A minimum programmed silence period is ensured by the transmitter between two consecutive
messages.
An interrupt is asserted after a complete message is transmitted and the programmed silence
period has expired.
66.2.1 Transmit data buffer

The transmission payload is stored inside the transmit data buffer register
(DSQ_TX_DATA_BUFF). This register is a 32-bit buffer which holds the framing, slave address,
DiSEqC commands and the ancillary data bytes to be transmitted. Software must format the
message frame including the framer bytes. The buffer is quadruple buffered.
The data buffer is organized as 32 bits wide and 4 words deep. New messages are stored in the
buffer word aligned on 4-byte words.
For example if there are two messages of 5 and 6 bytes in length, the first 4 bytes of the first
message are stored at the first location and the remaining byte of the first message in the second
location of the data buffer. The first 4 bytes of the second message are stored at the third location

and the remaining 2 bytes of the second message at the fourth location. This is shown in
Figure 257.
Figure 257: Transmit data buffer organization
Location 1 Byte 1 Byte 2 Byte 3 Byte 4

Location 2 Byte 5
Location 3 Byte 1 Byte 2 Byte 3 Byte 4
Location 4 Byte 5 Byte 6
Message 1 (4 bytes long) Message 2 (6 bytes long)
66.3 DiSEqC receiver

The DiSEqC receiver receives serial DiSEqC messages. The received payload bits are packed
into bytes and stored in a buffer after performing PWK decoding on the data bits. The receiver
checks for parity errors, symbol errors and code errors in the received message frame and
reports them in the status register. An interrupt is generated if enabled.
End of message is indicated by no activity on the DiSEqC line for a programmed silence period.
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The data fed to the receiver is the envelope of the received data. The subcarrier is suppressed
external to the DiSEqC module.
The continuous tone and the tone burst (both modulated and unmodulated) occur at different
voltage levels and are suppressed from the received DiSEqC message external to the DiSEqC
module.
66.4 Noise suppression filter

A programmable noise suppression filter is used to suppress any noise pulses of a
programmable width in the received DiSEqC frame. The noise suppression is programmed by
writing appropriate value in noise suppression register. If a value n is written in this register then
any pulses (HIGH or LOW) whose width is less than n sampling cycle period are treated as noise
and will be filtered from the received data stream. Writing 0x00 in the noise suppression register
disables noise suppression.

66.5 Programming the transmitter
66.5.1 Normal message transmission

Configuring the message to be transmitted
Configuration is carried out for the first message to be transmitted. For subsequent messages
individual parameters can be reconfigured as required.
1. Subcarrier period:
DSQ_TX_SUBCARR_DIV[0:15] and DSQ_TX_PRESCALER[0:7]
The DSQ_TX_SUBCARR_DIV register is configured so the output is twice the required
subcarrier frequency. The output is divided by 2 to generate a square wave of the requisite
frequency with 50% duty cycle. For example to generate a subcarrier of 22 kHz the value to
be programmed in DSQ_TX_SUBCARR_DIV must be 1511 if the value programmed in
DSQ_TX_PRESCALER is 2.
2. Symbol time: DSQ_TX_SYMBOL_PER[0:7]
The value represents in multiples of subcarrier periods the time used to represent each
symbol in the message. For a 22 kHz carrier and a symbol time of 1.5 µs, the register is
programmed with a value of 33.
3. Silence period: DSQ_TX_SILENCE_PER[0:15]
Ensures a gap of the programmed period between two consecutive messages. This is an
integer number denoting a number of subcarrier cycles for which a silence period is to be
maintained.
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4. Symbol n on time: DSQ_TX_SYMBOLN_ONTIME[0:7]

This is an integer number denoting in number of subcarrier cycles of the on period of the
corresponding symbol.
5. Type of message: DSQ_TX_MSG_CFG[0:1, 15]
Set to 000 for a normal message type. See Section 66.5.2: Configuring and sending tone
burst messages on page 825 and Section 66.5.3: Configuring and sending continuous tone
messages on page 825 for details of other types of message.
6. Length of message: DSQ_TX_MSG_CFG[2:8]
This is the number of data bytes to be sent.
7. Clear the soft reset by writing 0 in the DSQ_TX_SW_RST register.
8. Enable the transmitter by writing 1 into the DSQ_TX_EN register.
Transmitting the message

Repeat the following programming for each message to be transmitted.
1. Check if the TX_RDY bit in the DSQ_TX_STA register is 1. To start transmitting this bit
should be 1. If this bit is 0, then the software must wait until this bit is set to 1.
2. Load the DSQ_TX_DATA_BUFF with the data bytes.
3. Enable the interrupt generation from the transmit section by writing into register
DSQ_TX_INT_EN.
4. Start transmission of the new message by writing 1 into the DSQ_TX_START register.
The transmission then starts transmitting frame, address, command and data fields.
The TX_RDY bit is cleared indicating that the transmitter is busy sending the message.
The data transmitted is automatically appended with the odd parity bit.
This byte is PWK encoded and the resulting data bits are serially transmitted.
The transmission continues until the message payload length as specified in
DSQ_TX_MSG_CFG is reached.
An interrupt is generated after transmitting the last bit of the message.

5. When the message length is greater than the FIFO depth and new data is written in the
DSQ_TX_DATA_BUFF before the last symbol is transmitted, the remaining bytes are
transmitted until the message is complete. After the last symbol is transmitted the TX_RDY
status bit is asserted high and the silence period prevails on the DiSEqC line.
6. If the transmitter is configured for a new message during the silence period it starts
transmitting the new message immediately after the expiry of the silence period if the
DSQ_TX_START bit is set.
7. If the transmitter is not configured for a new message during the silence period it will keep
the DiSEqC line idle.
8. If the transmitter is configured for transmitting a modulated or unmodulated tone burst
before the expiry of the silence period of the current message (bit 1 of register
DSQ_TX_MSG_CFG), if the DSQ_TX_START bit is set the transmission of the selected
tone burst is started immediately after the expiry of the silence period. The tone burst is
transmitted for the duration for which it is programmed (as specified in bits 9 to 15 of register
DSQ_TX_MSG_CFG).
Configuring and sending the next messages

Reprogramming for a next normal message starts from the onset of the silence period of the
current message (when the TXREADY status is asserted high).
1. Change the properties of the message to be transmitted by programming these registers as
required:
• subcarrier period: DSQ_TX_SUBCARR_DIV (bits 0 to 15) and DSQ_TX_PRESCALER
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(bits 0 to 7),
• symbol time: DSQ_TX_SYMBOL_PER (bits 0 to 7),
• silence period: DSQ_TX_SILENCE_PER (bits 0 to 15),
• symbol n on time: DSQ_TX_SYMBOLn_ONTIME (bits 0 to 7),
• type of message: DSQ_TX_MSG_CFG (bits 0 to 1 and 15),
• length of message: DSQ_TX_MSG_CFG (bits 2 to 8).
See Configuring the message to be transmitted on page 823 for further details.
2. Check if the TX_RDY bit in the DSQ_TX_STA register is 1. To start transmitting this bit
should be 1. If this bit is 0, then the software must wait until this bit is set to 1.
3. If set then clear the soft reset by writing 0 in the DSQ_TX_SW_RST register.
4. Load the DSQ_TX_DATA_BUFF with the data bytes.
5. If disabled, enable the interrupt generation from transmit section by writing into register
DSQ_TX_INT_EN.
6. Start transmission of the new message by writing 1 into the DSQ_TX_START register.
The transmission of the new message begins immediately after the silence period of the
current message has expired if the transmitter was executing the silence period of a
previous message. If idle the new message transmission starts immediately after the
execution of the TX_START bit.

Underrun errors
When the message length is greater than the FIFO depth an underrun condition is generated if
new data is not written in the DSQ_TX_DATA_BUFF before the last symbol is transmitted. For
an underrun condition the TX_UNDERRUN error bit in the DSQ_TX_STA register is set. Two
possible scenarios exist in which the TX_UNDERRUN status bit must be cleared.
If the underrun interrupt is enabled and an underrun interrupt is generated:
1. On detection of an interrupt, the processor reads the DSQ_TX_INT_STA to infer the
interrupt cause.
2. The processor disables the transmitter by writing 0 in the DSQ_TX_EN register.
3. The processor then clears the underrun interrupt by performing a clear bit operation on the
corresponding underrun clear bit on DSQ_TX_CLR_INT_STA location.
4. The processor then writes in the DSQ_TX_DATA_BUFF to clear the underrun status from
the DSQ_TX_STA register.
5. Execute a soft reset by writing a 1 in the DSQ_TX_SW_RST register to clear the
DSQ_TX_DATA_BUFF.
6. Return to step 1 in Transmitting the message on page 823.
If the underrun interrupt is not enabled, an underrun interrupt is not generated:
1. The processor reads the DSQ_TX_STA register (polls) to determine the state of the
DiSEqC cell to determine whether an underrun condition has occurred.
2. The processor disables the transmitter by writing 0 in the DSQ_TX_EN register.
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3. The processor then writes in DSQ_TX_DATA_BUFF to clear the underrun status from the
DSQ_TX_STA register.
4. Execute a soft reset by writing 1 in the DSQ_TX_SW_RST register to clear the
DSQ_TX_DATA_BUFF.
5. Return to step 1 in Transmitting the message on page 823.
66.5.2 Configuring and sending tone burst messages

1. Configure the DSQ_TX_MSG_CFG register for the type of tone burst (bit 1, modulated or
unmodulated) and the duration of tone burst (bits 9 to 15).
2. If disabled, enable the interrupt generation from the transmit section by writing into register
DSQ_TX_INT_EN.
3. Check if the TX_RDY bit in the DSQ_TX_STA register is 1. To start transmitting a tone burst
this bit should be 1. If this bit is 0, then the software must wait until this bit is set to 1.
5. Start transmission of the tone burst message by writing 1 into the DSQ_TX_START register.
6. The DSQ_TX_DATA_BUFF register does not need to be programmed during tone burst
mode.
7. The transmission of the tone burst message begins immediately after the silence period of
the current message has expired if the transmitter was executing the silence period of a
previous message else if idle the tone burst starts immediately after the execution of the
TX_START bit.
66.5.3 Configuring and sending continuous tone messages

1. Configure the DSQ_TX_MSG_CFG register for continuous tone transmission by writing 1 in
bit 16 of the DSQ_TX_MSG_CFG register.
2. Check if the TX_RDY bit in the DSQ_TX_STA register is 1. To start transmitting a
continuous tone this bit should be 1. If this bit is 0, then the software must wait until this bit is
set to 1.

4. If the DiSEqC interface is programmed for continuous tone transmission when it is already
in the middle of the silence period, the transmission of the continuous tone begins only after
the expiry of the current silence period and it does not require the programming of the
DSQ_TX_START register.
66.6 Programming the receiver
66.6.1 Normal message reception

Configuring the message to be received
Configuration is carried out for the first message to be received. For subsequent messages
individual parameters can be reconfigured as required.
1. Sampling clock: DSQ_RX_SAMPLING_PER[0:15]
Program the sampling clock. For example, to generate a sampling clock of 660 kHz from a
system clock of 108 MHz, program this register with a value of 164.
2. Silence period: DSQ_RX_SILENCE_PER[0:15]
Program the silence period to detect the end of message. For example, for a silence period
of 12.5 µs with an RX_SAMPLING clock of 660 kHz the register needs to be programmed
with a value of 8250.
3. Minimum threshold symbol on time limits: DSQ_RX_SYMBOLn_MIN_THOLD[0:15]
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Define the minimum threshold duration needed to determine symbol n on time in the
received PWK coded message (for n = 0 and 1). The value is represented as multiples of
sampling clock periods.
For a sampling clock of 660 kHz, the register needs to be programmed with a value 265 to
achieve 0.4 µs minimum threshold time to detect a symbol n.
4. Maximum threshold symbol on time limits: DSQ_RX_SYMBOLn_MAX_THOLD[0:15]
Define the maximum threshold duration needed to determine symbol n on time in the
received PWK coded message (for n = 0 and 1). The value is represented as multiples of
sampling clock periods.
For a sampling clock of 660 kHz, the register needs to be programmed with a value 529 to
achieve 0.8 µs max threshold time to detect a symbol n.
5. If set, clear the soft reset by writing 0 in the DSQ_RX_SW_RST register.
6. Enable the receive section by writing 1 into register DSQ_RX_EN.
Receiving a message
Repeat the following for each message received:
1. Enable the interrupt generation by writing 1 into register DSQ_RX_INT_EN.
2. The receiver is enabled. The RX_BUSY status bit in register DSQ_RX_STA is set on the
reception of the first symbol of a message. This bit is cleared after the expiry of the silence
period of the message being currently received.
3. PWK decoding is performed on the received payload. Each byte of the received payload
including the frame byte is stored in DSQ_RX_DATA_BUFF.
4. The number of bytes received is calculated and reflected in register DSQ_RX_BYTE_CNT.
5. An interrupt is generated when the last data bit of the payload is received.

6. If the message length is greater than the FIFO depth, and the received data is not read from
DISEQC_RX_DATA_BUFF before the last bit is stored in the RX_BUFFER (RX_FULL), an
overflow condition is generated. At overflow, the Rx overflow error bit in register
DISEQC_RX_STA is set. Two possible scenarios exist in which the RX_OVERFLOW status
bit has to be cleared:
6.1 If the overflow interrupt is enabled, an overflow interrupt is generated on the
PER_INTERRUPT line:
(a) On detection of an interrupt the processor reads DISEQC_RX_INT_STA to infer
the interrupt cause.
(b) The processor disables the receiver by writing ‘0’ in the DISEQC_RX_EN register.
(c) The processor then clears the overflow interrupt by performing a clear bit operation
on the corresponding overflow clear bit on DISEQC_RX_CLR_INT_STA location.
(d) The processor then reads the contents of the DISEQC_RX_DATA_BUFF to clear
the overflow status from the DISEQC_RX_STA register.
(e) The processor can execute a soft reset to clear the DISEQC_RX_DATA_BUFF and
to clear the overflow status from the DISEQC_RX_STA register.
6.2 If the overflow interrupt is not enabled, an overflow interrupt is not generated on the
PER_INTERRUPT line:
(a) The processor reads the DISEQC_RX_STA register (polls) to determine the state
of the diseqc cell to determine whether an overflow condition has occurred.
(b) The processor disables the receiver by writing ‘0’ in the DISEQC_RX_EN register.
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(c) The processor reads from DISEQC_RX_DATA_BUFF to clear the overflow status
from the DISEQC_RX_STA register.
(d) The processor can either execute a soft reset to clear the
DISEQC_RX_DATA_BUFF and clear the overflow status from the
DISEQC_RX_STA register.
7. If the received message length is greater than the FIFO depth, and data is read from the
DISEQC_RX_DATA_BUFF before the last bit is written into the buffer, the receiver
continues receiving the remaining bytes until the message is complete. After the last symbol
is detected, the receiver asserts the Rx Busy status bit low, till a new message is received.
8. When the symbol On Time of either symbol 0 or symbol 1 does not fall within the
programmed min/max threshold limits specified in the registers
(DISEQC_RX_SYMBn_MIN_THRESH/ DISEQC_RX_SYMBn_MAX_THRESH where
n = 0, 1) the message is said to have a symbol error.
If at least one symbol in the received DiSEqC message violates the programmed threshold
limits, the symbol error status bit in the DISEQC_RX_STA register is set. If the symbol error
interrupt is enabled, a symbol error interrupt is generated on the PER_INTERRUPT line.
9. When the number of bits received in a DiSEqC message is not a multiple of eight, or the
inter-separation time between bits is not equal to the value programmed in the
DISEQC_RX_SYMB_PER register or the inter-separation time between individual bytes in
a diseqc frame is greater than or equal to the value programmed in the
DISEQC_RX_SYMB_PER register, the message is said to have a code error: the code
error status bit in the DISEQC_RX_STA register is set. If the code error interrupt is enabled,
a code error interrupt is generated on the PER_INTERRUPT line.
10. If the parity of the received symbols is even then the message is said to have a parity
error: the parity error status bit in the DISEQC_RX_STA register is set. If the parity error
interrupt is enabled, a parity error interrupt is generated on the PER_INTERRUPT line.

Configuring and receiving the next messages

1. Change the properties of the message to be received by programming these registers as
required:
• sampling clock: DSQ_RX_SAMPLING_PER[0:15],
• minimum symbol period: DSQ_RX_MIN_SYMBOL_PER[0:15],
• maximum symbol period: DSQ_RX_MAX_SYMBOL_PER[0:15],
• silence period: DSQ_RX_SILENCE_PER[0:15],
• minimum threshold symbol on time limits: DSQ_RX_SYMBOLN_MIN_THOLD[0:15],
• maximum threshold symbol on time limits:
DSQ_RX_SYMBOLN_MAX_THOLD[0:15].
See Configuring the message to be received on page 826 for further details.
1. Check if bit DSQ_RX_STA.RX_BUSY is set to 0. To start receiving, this bit should be 0. If
this bit is 1, then the software must wait until this bit is reset to 0.
2. If set then clear the soft reset by writing 0 in the DSQ_RX_SOFT_RST register.
3. If disabled, enable the interrupt generation from the receive section by writing into register
DSQ_RX_INT_EN.
4. Enable reception of the new message by writing 1 into register DSQ_RX_EN.
Overflow errors
When the message length is greater than the FIFO depth an overflow condition is generated if
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the received data is not read from the DSQ_RX_DATA_BUFF before the last bit is stored in the
RX buffer (RX_FULL). For an overflow condition the RX_OVERFLOW error bit in the
DSQ_RX_STA register is set. Two possible scenarios exist in which the RX_OVERFLOW status
bits must be cleared.
If the overflow interrupt is enabled, an overflow interrupt is generated:
1. On detection of an interrupt the processor reads the DSQ_RX_INT_STA to infer the
interrupt cause.
2. The processor disables the receiver by writing 0 in the DSQ_RX_EN register.
3. The processor then clears the overflow interrupt by performing a clear bit operation on the
corresponding overflow clear bit on DSQ_RX_CLR_INT_STA location.
4. The processor then reads the contents of the DSQ_RX_DATA_BUFF to clear the overflow
status from the DSQ_RX_STA register.
5. The processor can either execute a soft reset to clear the DSQ_RX_DATA_BUFF and clear
the overflow status from the DSQ_RX_STA register.
If the overflow interrupt is not enabled, an overflow interrupt is not generated:
1. The processor then reads (polls) the DSQ_RX_STA register to determine whether an
overflow condition has occurred.
2. The processor disables the receiver by writing 0 in register DSQ_RX_EN.
3. The processor then reads from the DSQ_RX_DATA_BUFF to clear the overflow status from
register DSQ_RX_STA.
4. The processor can either execute a soft reset to clear the DSQ_RX_DATA_BUFF and clear
the overflow status from register DSQ_RX_STA.
5. When the message length is greater than the FIFO depth and data is being read from the
DSQ_RX_DATA_BUFF before the last bit is written into the buffer, the remaining bytes are
received until the message is complete. After the last symbol is detected the receiver
asserts the RX_BUSY status bit low until no more new messages are received.

Symbol errors
When the symbol on time of either symbol 0 or symbol 1 does not fall within the minimum or
maximum threshold limits specified in DSQ_RX_SYMBOLn_MIN_THOLD or
DSQ_RX_SYMBOLn_MAX_THOLD the message has a symbol error.
If at least one symbol in the received DiSEqC message violates the programmed threshold
limits, the SYMBOL_ERR status bit in the DSQ_RX_STA register is set. If the SYMBOL_ERR
interrupt is enabled a symbol error interrupt is generated.
Code errors
A code error occurs for any of the conditions listed below.
● The number of bits received in the message is not a multiple of eight. Thus there are either
more or less bits per byte in the message.
● The time between bits or bytes in the received message is not equal to the value
programmed in the DSQ_RX_SYMBOL_PER register.
● The time between individual bytes in a DiSEqC frame is greater than or equal to the value
programmed in the DSQ_RX_SYMBOL_PER register.
Bit DSQ_RX_STA.CODE_ERR is set. If the CODE_ERR interrupt is enabled, a code error
interrupt is generated.
The entire message has a code error when one bit in the received DiSEqC message has a code
error.
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Parity errors
The message has a parity error when the parity of the received symbols is not odd. The
PARITY_ERR status bit in the DSQ_RX_STA register is set. If the PARITY_ERR interrupt is
enabled a parity error interrupt is generated.
66.6.2 Modulated / unmodulated tone burst reception

Modulated and unmodulated tone burst reception is suppressed external to the DiSEqC module.
For detection of a modulated/unmodulated tone burst the external device must ensure a logic 0
at the DiSEqC receiver input.
66.6.3 continuous tone reception

Continuous tone reception is suppressed external to the DiSEqC module. For detection of a
modulated/unmodulated tone burst the external device must ensure a logic 0 at the DiSEqC
receiver input.
66.6.4 Subcarrier generation

The prescaler divides the system clock to get the required granularity. The prescaler clock is
further divided by the subcarrier value to generate a clock of 44 kHz, which is then divided by two
to get a 22 kHz subcarrier with 50% duty cycle.
For example with a system clock frequency of 133 MHz:
To generate 44 kHz the 133 MHz has to be divided by a factor
(133 * 10 ^ 6) / (44 * 10 ^ 3) = 3022.72.

If the division factor is varied from 3020 to 3024, the % variation in the subcarrier clock (22 kHz)
is documented in Table 207 for a system clock frequency of 133 MHz.
Table 207: Subcarrier frequency variation for a system clock of 133 MHz.
Prescalar Subcarrier Division Subcarrier freq Offset %

value value value (Hz) (Hz) Variation
2,5,10 1510,604,302 3020 22019.8 +19.8 0.900
3 1007 3021 22012.5 +12.5 0.057
2 1511 3022 22005.3 +5.3 0.024
1 3023 3023 21998.0 - 2.0 0.009
7,14,28,56 432,216,108,54 3024 21990.7 - 9.3 0.042
Since the allowed variation in subcarrier frequency is 20%, optimum division choices are shown
in shaded boxes in Table 207.
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STx7100 67 DiSEqC registers
67 DiSEqC registers
Register addresses are provided as DiSEqCBaseAddress + offset.

The DiSEqCBaseAddress is:
0x1806 8000.
Table 208: DiSEqC register summary

Transmitter
DSQ_TX_EN Enable message transmission 0x000 R/W
DSQ_TX_MSG_CFG Transmitter message configuration 0x004 R/W
DSQ_TX_PRESCALER Transmitter prescaler value 0x008 R/W
DSQ_TX_SUBCARR_DIV Transmitter subcarrier divider 0x00C R/W
DSQ_TX_SILENCE_PER Transmitter silence period 0x010 R/W
DSQ_TX_DATA_BUFF Transmitter data buffer 0x014 WO
DSQ_TX_SYMB_PER Transmitter symbol period 0x018 R/W
DSQ_TX_SYMB0_ONTIME Symbol 0 on-time period 0x01C R/W
DSQ_TX_SYMB1_ONTIME Symbol 1 on-time period 0x020 R/W
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DSQ_TX_SW_RST Transmitter soft reset 0x024 R/W

DSQ_TX_START Start message transmission 0x028 R/W
DSQ_TX_INT_EN Transmitter interrupt enable 0x02C R/W
DSQ_TX_INT_STA Transmitter interrupt status 0x030 RO
DSQ_TX_STA Transmitter status 0x034 RO
DSQ_TX_CLR_INT_STA Clear transmitter interrupt status 0x038 WO
Reserved 0x03C -
DSQ_TX_AGC Transmitter automatic gain control 0x040 R/W
Receiver
DSQ_RX_EN Receiver enable 0x080 R/W
DSQ_RX_SAMPLING_PER Receiver sampling period 0x084 R/W
DSQ_RX_BYTE_CNT Receiver byte count 0x088 RO
DSQ_RX_SILENCE_PER Receiver silence period 0x08C R/W
DSQ_RX_DATA_BUFF Received data buffer 0x090 RO
DSQ_RX_SYMB0_MIN_THOLD Receiver minimum threshold for symbol 0 on-time 0x094 R/W
DSQ_RX_SYMB0_MAX_THOLD Receiver minimum threshold for symbol 0 on-time 0x09C R/W
DSQ_RX_SYMB1_MIN_THOLD Receiver maximum threshold for symbol 1 on-time 0x098 R/W
DSQ_RX_SYMB1_MAX_THOLD Receiver maximum threshold for symbol 1 on-time 0x0A0 R/W
DSQ_RX_SW_RST Receiver soft reset 0x0A4 R/W
DSQ_RX_INT_EN Receiver interrupt enable 0x0A8 R/W
DSQ_RX_INT_STA Receiver interrupt status 0x0AC RO
DSQ_RX_STA Receiver status 0x0B0 RO
DSQ_RX_CLR_INT_STA Clear receiver interrupt status 0x0B4 WO
DSQ_RX_TIMEOUT Receiver timeout 0x0B8 -
DSQ_RX_NSUPP_WID Receiver noise suppression width 0x0BC R/W

67 DiSEqC registers STx7100
Table 208: DiSEqC register summary

DSQ_POL_INV Receiver polarity invert 0x0C0 R/W
DSQ_RX_SUBCARR_NSUPP_EN Receiver subcarrier noise suppression enable 0x0C4 R/W
67.1 Transmitter
DSQ_TX_EN Enable message transmission
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
TX_EN
Reserved
Address: DiSEqCBaseAddress + 0x000

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Bit 0 is used to enable or disable the transmission of DiSEqC messages. Writing a 1 into
the enable bit of this register enables the transmission. Writing 0 disables transmission.
Writing inside register DSQ_TX_EN enables the transmitter but does not start
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transmission.
[31:1] Reserved
[0] TX_EN
0: Disable transmitter
1: Enable transmitter

DSQ_TX_MSG_CFG Transmitter message configuration
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
TONE_BURST_TYPE
TONE_BURST_LEN
CONT_TONE_SEL
TX_MSG_CFG
TX_MSG_LEN
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Bit 0 of this register selects whether the message to be transmitted on the DiSEqC bus
is a normal message or a tone burst (required for backward compatibility). Writing 1 into
the LSB bit of this register enables the generation of tone burst.
Bit 1 of this register selects one of the two possible types of tone burst. The default tone
burst is the unmodulated tone burst. However to generate a modulated tone burst a
value of 1 has to be written in this bit. Bit 1 of this register has significance only if bit 0 of
this register has a value of 1.
For normal messages the number of bytes to be transmitted in the message is specified
by the remaining 7 bits of this register (bits 2 to 8). This ensures support of a maximum
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message payload length of 127 bytes (1 header byte + 1 address byte + 1 command
byte + 124 data bytes).
Bits 9 to 15 specify the duration of the tone burst as an integer multiple of symbol
periods.
Bit 16 selects whether a continuous tone has to be sent. To transmit a continuous tone
a value of 1 is written at this location.
[31:17] Reserved
[16] CONT_TONE_SEL: Continuous tone select
0: No continuous tone 1: Continuous tone selected
[15:9] TONE_BURST_LEN: tone burst duration in integer multiple of Tx symbol period.
000 0001: Tone burst length is 1 symbol period 000 1001: Tone burst length is 9 symbol periods
111 1111: Tone burst length is 127 symbol periods 000 0000: Tone burst length is 128 symbol periods
[8:2] TX_MSG_LEN: total message length.
000 0011: Message length is 3 000 0100: Message length is 4
000 0101: Message length is 5 111 1111: Message length is 127
[1] TONE_BURST_TYPE
0: Unmodulated tone burst message 1: Modulated tone burst message
[0] TX_MSG_CFG
0: Normal message 1: Tone burst message

DSQ_TX_PRESCALER Transmitter prescaler value
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved PRESCALAR_VAL

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This 8-bit register is used to select the prescaler value for clock division. To get a clock
division by a value n the prescaler register must be loaded with the value n.
[31:8] Reserved
[7:0] PRESCALAR_VAL: Prescalar value
A value of 0 sets clock division to 256.
DSQ_TX_SUBCARR_DIV Transmitter subcarrier divider
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved SUBCARR_VAL
Address: DiSEqCBaseAddress + 0x00C

Type: R/W
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Reset: 0
Description: The output of prescaler is fed to the subcarrier generation unit. The subcarrier of the
required frequency is generated by dividing the output of the prescaler by an
appropriate value. To divide the output of the prescaler by a value m the subcarrier
generation register is to be loaded with the value m. The time period of the subcarrier
thus generated is given by the following formula:
F (subcarrier ) = F (system clock frequency) / (2n x m)
Where:
• n is the value loaded into the DSQ_TX_PRESCALER, and
• m is the value loaded into DSQ_TX_SUBCARR_DIV.
Refer to Section 66.6.4: Subcarrier generation on page 829 for more details on
subcarrier generation.
For achieving a subcarrier with 50% duty cycle the output of the subcarrier generation
unit is divided by two. Hence if the desired subcarrier division ratio is n the value to be
programmed in DSQ_TX_SUBCARR_DIV register must be n/2.
A value of 0 ensures the prescaler output division by 65536.
DSQ_TX_SILENCE_PER Transmitter silence period
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved TX_SILENCE_PER

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register specifies the intermessage separation time.This number is specified as
integer multiples of subcarrier cycles of silence after each message.

DSQ_TX_DATA_BUFF Transmitter data buffer
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PAYLOAD

Type: WO
Buffer: Quadruple
Reset: 0
Description: The transmission payload is stored inside this buffer.This register is a 32-bit buffer
which holds the framing, slave address, DiSEqC commands and the ancillary data
bytes to be transmitted. It is the responsibility of software to format the message frame
including the framer bytes.
Note: The data buffer is organized as 32 bits wide and 4 words deep. Every new message has
to be stored in the buffer word aligned on 4 byte words. See Section 66.2.1: Transmit
data buffer on page 821.
DSQ_TX_SYMB_PER Transmitter symbol period
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved SYMBOL_PER
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Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: To ensure flexibility of variable symbol times this register is used to define the duration
of the symbol in the PWK coded message.The value represents the symbol period in
multiples of subcarrier cycles.
For a 22 kHz carrier and a symbol time of 1.5 µs, the register needs to be programmed
with a value 33.This register need not be programmed for every message.
DSQ_TX_SYMBn_ONTIME Symbol n on-time period
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved SYMBOLn_ONTIME
Address: DiSEqCBaseAddress + 0x01C (symbol 0), 0x020 (symbol 1)

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register is used to define the on-time period of symbol n in the PWK coded
message.The value is represented in multiples of subcarrier periods. This register need
not be programmed every message.
For a 22 kHz carrier and 0.5 µs of desired symbol n on time the register needs to be
programmed with a value 11.
[31:8] Reserved
[7:0] SYMBOLn_ONTIME
Number of subcarrier cycles used to represent symbol n ON time where n = 1 or 2.

DSQ_TX_SW_RST Transmitter soft reset
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SW_RST
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This is a single bit register which initializes the contents of the data buffer without
changing the transmitter configuration.The contents of the message config, silence
period, symbol on times, prescaler and subcarrier registers are not cleared.
Writing 1 into the register enables soft reset and disable transmission. This bit is cleared
to disable soft reset and restart transmission.
[31:1] Reserved
[0] SW_RST: Software reset
0: Inactive 1: Active
DSQ_TX_START Start message transmission

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31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
START_MSG
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This is a 1-bit register which starts the transmission of the DiSEqC message. The
transmission of the message begins only when bit 0 of this register is set.
Message transmission can start only when the transmitter is enabled (that is a value of
1 is written in the LSB of register DSQ_TX_EN).
Once set, the bit is cleared after the message transmission on the DiSEqC line has
started.

DSQ_TX_INT_EN Transmitter interrupt enable
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
TX_UNDRUN_ERR
TX_BUFF_EMPTY
TX_BUFF_HFULL
TX_BUFF_FULL
TX_SW_RST
TX_INT_EN
TX_RDY
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: To enable generation of interrupts, set the appropriate the interrupt enable bit.
[31: 7] Reserved
[6] TX_BUFF_FULL: Tx data buffer full interrupt
[5] TX_BUFF_HFULL: Tx data buffer half-full interrupt
[4] TX_BUFF_EMPTY: Tx data buffer empty interrupt
[3] TX_RDY: Transmitter ready interrupt
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[2] TX_UNDRUN_ERR: Underrun error interrupt
[1] TX_SW_RST: Software reset
[0] TX_INT_EN: Global Tx interrupt

DSQ_TX_INT_STA Transmitter interrupt status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
TX_BUFF_EMPTY
TX_BUFF_HFULL
TX_BUFF_FULL
TX_SOFT_RST
TX_UNDRUN
TX_RDY
TX_INT
Reserved

Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description: This register gives the status of the interrupts for the transmitter and shows various
states of the DSQ_TX_DATA_BUFF.
[31:7] Reserved
[6] TX_BUFF_FULL: Interrupt when Tx buffer is full
[5] TX_BUFF_HFULL: Interrupt when Tx buffer is at least half-empty
[4] TX_BUFF_EMPTY: Interrupt when Tx buffer is empty
[3] TX_RDY: Interrupt when the transmitter is ready sending message
[2] TX_UNDRUN: Interrupt due to Tx buffer underrun
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[1] TX_SW_RST: Interrupt due to soft reset

[0] TX_INT: Interrupt pending

DSQ_TX_STA Transmitter status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
TX_BUFF_EMPTY
TX_BUFF_HFULL
TX_UNDER_RUN
TX_BUFF_FULL
TX_INT_PEND
TX_FIFO_STA
TX_SW_RST
TX_RDY
Reserved

Type: RO
Reset: 0 (except for TX_RDY which is 1)
Description: This register is used to depict the true status of the DiSEqC transmitter.The processor
reads the transmitter’s state from the corresponding bits in this register.The interrupt
status can be cleared by writing into the clear interrupt location but the bits in the
transmitter status register are cleared by the transmitter state alone.
The status of the last transmitted message can be inferred by reading the bits of the
DSQ_TX_STA register.
[31:10] Reserved
[9:7] TX_FIFO_STA
000: FIFO full, not empty 001: One word empty in FIFO
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010: Two words empty in FIFO 011: Three words empty in FIFO
100: Four words empty in FIFO
The Tx FIFO status bits depict the true status of the DSQ_TX_DATA_BUFF.Hence the bits are cleared
based upon the status of the DSQ_TX_DATA_BUFF.
[6] TX_BUFF_FULL: Tx buffer is full
The Tx buffer full bit in the status register is set when the DSQ_TX_DATA_BUFF is full.This bit is cleared
when there is less than four words left into DSQ_TX_DATA_BUFF.
[5] TX_BUFF_HFULL: Tx buffer is at least half-full
The Tx buffer half full bit in the status register is set when there are at least two words in the
DSQ_TX_DATA_BUFF.This bit is cleared when there is at most one word left in DSQ_TX_DATA_BUFF.
[4] TX_BUFF_EMPTY: Tx buffer is empty. The Tx buffer empty bit in the status register is set at the
beginning of transmission of the last byte of the last word in the DSQ_TX_DATA_BUFF. This bit is
cleared when there is at least one word written into DSQ_TX_DATA_BUFF.
[3] TX_RDY: Transmitter is ready to send messages
The TX_RDY bit in the status register is set once the Tx is ready to send a new message.On reset this bit
is set to one. This bit is cleared immediately after the first symbol of the programmed message is
transmitted on the DiSEqC line.
The TX_RDY status indicates that the transmitter can be programmed for message transmission thus
allowing the flexibility of programming even during the silence period to allow transmission of back to
back messages.
[2] TX_UNDRUN: Tx buffer underrun has occurred
The TX_UNDERRUN bit in the status register is set once an underrun condition occurs. This bit is
cleared by writing data inside the DSQ_TX_DATA_BUFF or by executing a soft reset operation that is
writing 1 in the DSQ_TX_SW_RST register.
[1] TX_SW_RST: Transmitter has been soft reset
The TX_SOFT reset bit in the status register is set after the execution of the soft reset is complete.This
bit can be cleared by writing a 0 in the DSQ_TX_SW_RST bit 0.
[0] TX_INT_PEND: Tx interrupt is pending for acknowledgement
The Tx interrupt pending status is set if any interrupt is pending in the DSQ_TX_INT_STA register. This
bit is cleared when all the interrupt status bits in the DSQ_TX_INT_STA are cleared (serviced).

DSQ_TX_CLR_INT_STA Clear transmitter interrupt status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
TX_BUFF_EMPTY_CLR
TX_BUFF_HFULL_CLR
TX_BUFF_FULL_CLR
TX_URUN_ERR_CLR
TX_SW_RST_CLR
TX_RDY_CLR
Reserved
Reserved

Type: WO
Reset: 0
Description: The bits in the DSQ_TX_INT_STA register can be cleared by performing a clear bit
operation at the corresponding bit locations.
Clearing the interrupt status bit in the DSQ_TX_INT_STA register does not alter the
state of the DSQ_TX_STA register.The bits in the DSQ_TX_STA register are cleared
only when the specific device condition causing the interrupt is removed.
[31:7] Reserved
[6] TX_BUFF_FULL_CLR
0: Tx buffer full interrupt not cleared
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1: Tx buffer full interrupt cleared.

[5] TX_BUFF_HFULL_CLR
0: Tx buffer half full interrupt not cleared
1: Tx buffer half full interrupt cleared.
[4] TX_BUFF_EMPTY_CLR
0: Tx buffer empty interrupt not cleared
1: Tx buffer empty interrupt cleared
[3] TX_RDY_CLR
0: Tx message ready interrupt not cleared
1: Tx message ready interrupt cleared
[2] TX_URUN_ERR_CLR
0: Tx. under run error interrupt not cleared
1: Tx. under run error interrupt cleared
[1] TX_SW_RST_CLR
0: Soft reset interrupt not cleared
1: Soft reset interrupt cleared.
[0] Reserved

DSQ_TX_AGC Transmitter automatic gain control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
UMTBST
MTBST
NMSG
CT
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset:
Description: Defines when the gain of the front end AGC has to be changed. These register bits are
bristled at the output ports as defined in Section 9.16.8: DiSEqC 2.0 on page 112.
[31:4] Reserved
[3] NMSG: Normal message AGC
0: No change in normal message gain control
1: Change in normal message gain control
[2] UMTBST: Unmodulated tone burst AGC
0: No change in unmodulated tone burst gain control
1: Change in unmodulated tone burst gain control
[1] MTBST: Modulated tone burst AGC
0: No change in Mod. Tone Burst Gain Control
1: Change in Mod. Tone Burst Gain Control
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[0] CT: Continuous tone AGC

0: No change in continuous tone gain control
1: Change in continuous tone gain control
67.2 Receiver
DSQ_RX_EN Receiver enable
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RX_EN
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Bit 0 is used to enable or disable the reception of DiSEqC messages. Writing 1 into the
enable bit of this register enables reception. Writing 0 disables reception.

DSQ_RX_SAMPLING_PER Receiver sampling period
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved RX_SAMPLING_PER

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Selects the value for clock division to generate the sampling clock. To get a clock
division by a value n the register must be loaded with the value n.
[31:16] Reserved
[15:0] RX_SAMPLING_PER
0: Ensures the clock division by 65535.
DSQ_RX_BYTE_CNT Receiver byte count
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved RX_BYTE_CNT

Type: RO
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Reset: 0
Description: Specifies the number of bytes received in the DiSEqC message. This is an 8-bit register
so the maximum length of the received message supported is 256. When a message
consisting of n bytes is received the register holds a value n.The byte count includes the
framing byte also.
[31:8] Reserved
[7:0] RX_BYTE_CNT: Specifies the length of the received payload
DSQ_RX_SILENCE_PER Receiver silence period
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved RX_SILENCE_PER

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register specifies the time in number of sampling clock cycles to detect an end of a
received message. If no activity occurs on the receive line during this time the receiver
assumes an end of message has occurred.
[31:16] Reserved
[15:0] RX_SILENCE_PER: Specifies the silence period to detect an end of message.

DSQ_RX_DATA_BUFF Received data buffer
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RX_PAYLOAD

Type: RO
Buffer: Quadruple
Reset: 0
Description: Holds received payload information.
DSQ_RX_SYMBn_MIN_THOLD Receiver minimum threshold for symbol n on-time
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved MIN_SYMBn_TIME
Address: DiSEqCBaseAddress + 0x094 (symbol 0), 0x09C (symbol 1)

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Defines the minimum threshold duration for determining symbol n on time in the
received PWK coded message. The value is represented as multiples of sampling clock
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periods.
For a sampling clock of 660 kHz, the register needs to be programmed with a value 265
to achieve 0.4 µs min threshold time to detect a symbol n.
[31:8] Reserved
[7:0] MIN_SYMBn_TIME: Minimum threshold time for symbol n, where n = 0 or 1
DSQ_RX_SYMBn_MAX_THOLD Receiver maximum threshold for symbol n on-time
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved MAX_SYMBn_TIME
Address: DiSEqCBaseAddress + 0x098 (symbol 0), 0x0A0 (symbol 1)

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Defines the maximum threshold duration for determining symbol n on time in the
received PWK coded message. The value is represented as multiples of sampling clock
periods.
For a sampling clock of 660 kHz, the register needs to be programmed with a value 529
to achieve 0.8 µs max threshold time to detect a symbol n.
[31:8] Reserved
[7:0] MAX_SYMBn_TIME: Maximum threshold time for symbol n, where n = 0 or 1

DSQ_RX_SW_RST Receiver soft reset
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SW_RST
Reserved
Address: DiSEqCBaseAddress + 0x0A4

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This is a single bit register. This is used to clear the receive data buffer without changing
the receiver configuration. The contents of the receiver message configuration
registers, receiver sampling period register, silence period register, min and max
threshold times for symbol 0 and symbol 1 register values are not cleared. Writing a 1
into this register enables soft reset.
Enabling soft reset disables reception. To restart reception, the soft reset bit must be
cleared by writing 0 to SW_RST.
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DSQ_RX_INT_EN Receiver interrupt enable
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LAST_BYTE_REC
RX_BUFF_HFULL
RX_BUFF_FULL
SYMBOL_ERR
RX_OVF_ERR
PARITY_ERR
CODE_ERR
RX_INT_EN
Reserved
Address: DiSEqCBaseAddress + 0x0A8

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
To enable generation of interrupts the corresponding interrupt enable bit in this register
must be set. An interrupt is generated if an interrupt condition occurs and the interrupt
enable bit is set. Refer to Section 66.6.1: Normal message reception on page 826 for
descriptions of code errors, parity errors and symbol errors.
[31:8] Reserved
[7] SYMBOL_ERR: Symbol error interrupt
[6] PARITY_ERR: Parity error interrupt
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[5] CODE_ERR: Code error interrupt

[4] LAST_BYTE_REC: Last byte received interrupt
[3] RX_BUFF_FULL: Rx buffer full interrupt
[2] RX_BUFF_HFULL: Rx buffer half full interrupt
[1] RX_OVF_ERR: Receive overflow error interrupt
[0] RX_INT_EN: Receive interrupt

DSQ_RX_INT_STA Receiver interrupt status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LAST_BYTE_RECEIVED
RX_BUFF_HFULL
RX_BUFF_FULL
SYMBOL_ERR
PARITY_ERR
CODE_ERR
RX_OVF
RX_INT
Reserved
Address: DiSEqCBaseAddress + 0x0AC

Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description: Depicts the status of the interrupts for the receiver, various conditions of the
DSQ_RX_DATA_BUFF and interrupt status due to the error conditions detected on the
received DiSEqC message.
[31:8] Reserved
[7] SYMBOL_ERR: Interrupt due to symbol error in received message
[6] PARITY_ERR: Interrupt due to parity error in received message
[5] CODE_ERR: Interrupt due to code error in received message
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[4] LAST_BYTE_RECEIVED: Last message byte receive interrupt

[3] RX_BUFF_FULL: Rx buffer full interrupt
[2] RX_BUFF_HFULL: Rx buffer half-full interrupt
[1] RX_OVF: Rx overflow interrupt
[0] RX_INT: Rx interrupt active
1: Interrupt active 0: Interrupt not active

DSQ_RX_STA Receiver status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LAST_BYTE_RECEIVED
RX_BUFF_HFULL
RX_BUFF_FULL
RX_FIFIO_STA
RX_INT_PEND
SYMBOL_ERR
PARITY_ERR
CODE_ERR
RX_BUSY
RX_OVF
Reserved
Address: DiSEqCBaseAddress + 0x0B0

Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description: This register is depicts the true status of the DiSEqC receiver. The processor can read
the receiver’s state from this register. The bits in this register are set when the receiver
starts receiving the message and are updated when the reception of the next message
starts. On the start of reception of a new message status bit 8 is set to indicate that the
receiver is busy.
The status of the last received message can be inferred by reading the bits of the
DSQ_RX_STA register.
[31:10] Reserved
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[11:9] RX_FIFO_STA: Receiver FIFO status

000: FIFO empty, not full 001: One word in FIFO
010: Two words in FIFO 011: Three words in FIFO
100: Four words in FIFO
The Rx FIFO status bits depict the true status of the DSQ_RX_DATA_BUFF. Hence the bits are cleared
based upon the status of the DSQ_RX_DATA_BUFF.
[8] RX_BUSY: Receiver busy
0: Receiver is idle 1: Receiver is busy and receiving message
The RX_BUSY bit is set once the receiver starts receiving a new message. This bit is cleared when the last
symbol of the current message is detected on the DiSEqC line.
[7] SYMBOL_ERR: Symbol error
0: No symbol error 1: Symbol error detected in the received payload
[6] PARITY_ERR: Parity error
0: No parity error 1: Parity error detected in the received payload
[5] .CODE_ERR: Code error
0: No code error 1: Code error detected in the received payload
[4] LAST_BYTE_RECEIVED: Last byte received
0: End of message has not occurred 1: End of message has occurred and last byte received
[3] RX_BUFF_FULL: Receive buffer full
0: Rx buffer is more than half empty 1: Rx buffer is half full
The Rx buffer full bit in the status register is set at the beginning of reception of the last byte of the last word
in the DSQ_RX_DATA_BUFF.This bit is cleared when at least one word is read from the
DSQ_RX_DATA_BUFF.
[2] RX_BUFF_HFULL: Receive buffer half-full
0: At least one word can be received 1: Rx buffer is full.
The Rx buffer half full bit in the status register is set when there are at least two words in the
DSQ_RX_DATA_BUFF.This bit is cleared when there is at least one word remaining in the
DSQ_RX_DATA_BUFF.

[1] RX_OVF: Receiver buffer overflow

0: Rx buffer overflow has not occurred 1: Rx buffer overflow has occurred
The Rx overflow bit in the status register is set once an overflow condition occurs. This bit is cleared by
reading data from the DSQ_RX_DATA_BUFF or by executing a soft reset, that is writing 1 in the
DSQ_RX_SW_RST register.
[0] RX_INT_PEND: Receiver interrupt pending
0: Interrupt not pending 1: Interrupt pending
The Rx interrupt pending status is set if any interrupt is pending in the DSQ_RX_INT_STA register. This bit is
cleared when all the interrupt status bits in the DSQ_RX_INT_STA register are cleared (serviced).
DSQ_RX_CLR_INT_STA Clear receiver interrupt status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RX_BUFF_HFULL_CLR
LAST_BYTE_RX_CLR
RX_BUFF_FULL_CLR
PARITY_ERR_CLR
CODE_ERR_CLR
SYMB_ERR_CLR
RX_OVF_CLR
Reserved
Reserved
Type: WO
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Reset: 0
Description: The bits in the DSQ_RX_INT_STA register can be cleared by performing a clear bit
operation at appropriate locations.To clear a corresponding interrupt a clear bit
operation has to be performed at the corresponding bit location.
Clearing the interrupt through DSQ_RX_CLR_INT_STA (clear interrupt status location)
only clears the corresponding interrupt status bit in the DSQ_RX_INT_STA register.
The bits in the DSQ_RX_STA register are cleared only when the device condition
causing the interrupt is removed.
[31:8] Reserved
[7] SYMB_ERR_CLR: Symbol error interrupt clear
[6] PARITY_ERR_CLR: Parity error interrupt clear
[5] CODE_ERR_CLR: Code error interrupt clear
[4] LAST_BYTE_RX_CLR: Last byte received interrupt clear
[3] RX_BUFF_FULL_CLR: Rx buffer full interrupt clear
[2] RX_BUFF_HFULL_CLR: Rx buffer half full interrupt clear
[1] RX_OVF_CLR: Rx overflow interrupt error clear
[0] Reserved

DSQ_RX_TIMEOUT Receiver timeout
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved TIME_OUT_PER

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Sets the maximum time interval which the receiver may consider a valid bit separation
time in a message.
The value programmed is an integer multiple of sampling cycles.
DSQ_RX_NSUPP_WID Receiver noise suppression width
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved NOISE_SUPP_WID
Address: DiSEqCBaseAddress + 0x0BC

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register programs the maximum width of noise pulses which are to be suppressed.
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To suppress a noise pulse of width n sampling clock periods, this register is

programmed with the value n.
[31:16] Reserved
[15:0] NOISE_SUPP_WID: Maximum width of noise pulses to be suppressed
Programming a value 0x0000 in the noise suppression width disables noise suppression.
DSQ_POL_INV Receiver polarity invert
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
POL_INV
Reserved
Address: DiSEqCBaseAddress + 0x0C0

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register inverts the polarity of the bits in the received DiSEqC frame.
[31:1] Reserved
[0] POL_INV
0: No polarity inversion 1: Polarity inversion

DSQ_RX_SUBCARR_NSUPP_EN Receiver subcarrier noise suppression enable
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SUBCARR_SUPP_EN
Reserved
Address: DiSEqCBaseAddress + 0x0C4

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register allows programmable suppression of the subcarrier on the received
envelope of the DiSEqC signal. Setting a value of 1 allows suppression of the subcarrier
external to the DiSEqC module.
Setting a value of 0 disables the external suppression of the subcarrier. This register
programs the maximum width of noise pulses to be suppressed. To suppress a noise
pulse of width n sampling clock periods, this register is programmed with the value n.
[31:1] Reserved
[0] SUBCARR_SUPP_EN
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0: Subcarrier suppression disabled 1: Subcarrier suppression enabled

STx7100 68 High-bandwidth digital content protection (HDCP)
68 High-bandwidth digital content protection (HDCP)

The HDCP cipher is used in various ways through software, to provide key and messaging
information which is used to authenticate an HDMI-compliant video channel. Additionally, signals
from the video transmitter instruct the HDCP when to generate encryption keys, which are used
by the transmitter to encrypt outgoing video data.
Device keys are stored in local RAM.
The HDCP cipher logic itself is wrapped up by a control state machine.
68.1.1 Video receiver authentication

A simple set of commands are defined, which are all that is required by software to generate the
necessary messaging information for channel authentication. The software is responsible for
ordering the commands; no hardware ordering checks are performed. The software must ensure
that commands are only issued after the AUTHENTICATED bit in HDCP_CTRL has been
deasserted.
Commands are issued from software by writing to the HDCP_AUTH_CMD register.
Command summary
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Table 209: Command summary
Code Command Function

0x01 generate_An Perform hdcpRngCipher function to generate 64-bit pseudo-random value, An, and
store in the AN register.
0x02 generate_Km Using 40-bit key selection vector in KSV register, calculate shared secret, Km, from
locally stored device keys and store 56-bit result internally.
Note: Device keys should be written in encrypted format; after writing an IV value to
seed the internal on-the-fly decryption of these keys. Km is not readable by software.
0x03/0x83 generate_Ks perform hdcpBlockCipher, using Km and RPT||An from previous commands to
calculate the session key, Ks (and also M0 and R0, into data register).
Note: Here, bit 7 of HDCP_AUTH_CMD corresponds to the repeater bit
Whenever a command has completed successfully, O_INT is asserted and

HDCP_AUTH_CMD_DONE is set in HDCP_STA. Upon completion, any command that expects
a result output will find it by reading the appropriate register. The status bit and the interrupt are
cleared by writing 1 to HDCP_AUTH_CMD_DONE.
If any command is issued when bit HDCP_CTRL.AUTHENTICATED is set, bit
HDCP_STA.HDCP_AUTH_CMD_ERR is set, and the interrupt is asserted. The status bit and
the interrupt are cleared by writing 1 to HDCP_AUTH_CMD_ERR.

68 High-bandwidth digital content protection (HDCP) STx7100
Figure 258 shows the modes of operation used by the HDCP Cipher hardware when carrying out
authentication commands.
Figure 258: HDCP authentication command flow abstraction
idle
hdcp_auth_cmd AND! authenticated
GEN_KS AND
!authenticated
GEN_AN AND
!authenticated
GEN_KM AND
!authenticated
error
generate_Ks generate_An generate_Km

(hdcpBlockCipher) (hdcpRngCipher) (add device keys)
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assert_int
interrupt cleared
68.1.2 Video encryption key generation and control

The HDCP block is required to generate a unique key at intervals specified by control signals
from the HDMI, in order to be combined with outgoing data on the transmitter interface. Only four
operations are ever used by the HDCP cipher: hdcpBlockCipher, hdcpStreamCipher,
hdcpReKeyCipher and hdcpRngCipher.
Figure 260: HDCP data encryption flow abstraction shows the real-time flow taken when
encrypting data on the interface.
Note: 1 I_VSYNC is considered active on its rising edge.
2 Frame key calculation does not begin until 528 cycles after the rising edge of I_VSYNC.
3 The HDCP will only examine the contents of the ENC_EN and AV_MUTE bits of the
HDCP_CTRL register 528 cycles after the rising edge of I_VSYNC.
4 I_DATA_ISLAND_ACTIVE and I_VIDEO_DATA_ACTIVE must not be asserted until at least 108
cycles after commencement of frame key calculation (frame key calculation is started by
assertion of V_SYNC + 528 cycles).
5 After I_VIDEO_DATA_ACTIVE has been deasserted, I_DATA_ISLAND_ACTIVE must not be
asserted for at least 57 cycles (during which line key is calculated).
6 If both I_VSYNC and I_HSYNC, are asserted simultaneously, I_VSYNC takes priority.

68.1.2.1 O_ENC_EN
This signal is asserted by HDCP when it is authenticated, the ENC_EN register is set, and the
AV_MUTE register is not set.
68.1.2.2 O_RX_PIXEL_CAPTURE
Ri is updated every 128th frame, starting with the 128th frame, unless specified otherwise by the
I_RATE register. Frames are counted as those for which encryption is enabled, unless in
advance cipher mode (indicated by the assertion of bit HDCP_CTRL.AC_MODE) when all
frames are counted. The O_RX_PIXEL_CAPTURE output is asserted for one frame when the
value of Ri has been updated (this occurs 108 TMDS cycles after the rising edge of V_SYNC,
and remains asserted until the end of the frame). This allows the HDMI to update its value of Ri
as indicated by HDCP Specification Rev 1.1, Digital Content Protection LLC, section Enhanced
Ri Computation Mode.
68.2 Software usage

Software drivers should perform the following functions in order to program and use the HDCP
Block. See also Figure 259: Software flow.
1. Generate a pseudo-random value
After reset, to begin authentication, calculate a value for An. This is done by issuing
hdcp_cmd 0x01 and awaiting the interrupt to indicate completion.
2. Device key encryption
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The algorithm for encrypting the device private keys is delivered separately. Note that the IV
value seeds both encryption and decryption algorithms, and is a random constant for a
given device-key set.
3. Load device keys
Write in the 56-bit IV value in order to seed the decryption of the device keys. Write in the 40
56-bit device keys into the block at the appropriate addresses.
Note: 1 The order of loading must be observed if correct decryption of these keys is to occur: they must
be loaded in starting at key 0, low word then high word, up to key 39.
4. Generate the shared secret value
Calculate Km value from previously loaded device keys. This is done by firstly loading the
Ksv value into the appropriate register and then issuing hdcp_cmd 0x02 and awaiting the
interrupt to indicate completion.
5. Generate a session key
Calculate Ks (and M and R) values by issuing hdcp_cmd 0x03/0x83 (depending on whether
the receiver is a repeater) and awaiting the interrupt to indicate completion.
At this point the software must set bit HDCP_CTRL.AUTHENTICATED. This initiates the
generation of the first frame key. The block is now ready to start output of encryption keys, and
will generate new_Line and frame keys according to the control signals from the HDMI.
By default, R is updated every 128 frames. If a more frequent update is required, software should
set the required update time in HDCP_I_RATE register at a safe juncture (for example upon
re-authentication).
If at any time software wishes to temporarily disable encryption, it may do so (starting with the
next frame) by disabling the ENC_EN register (or AV_MUTE if in EESS mode).
If at any time software wishes to de-authenticate abruptly (for example on loss of sync on the
HDMI interface), or restart a failed authentication mid-way through, then it must unset bit
HDCP_CTRL.AUTHENTICATED, and then restart the authentication process.

68 High-bandwidth digital content protection (HDCP) STx7100
Figure 259: Software flow
idle
software-controlled ‘slow’ authentication process
instruct HDCP to
generate An, then
read back value
write IV, write device

keys into HDCP
Software may deauthenticate
HDCP at any time (like loss
of line sync, unmatching R
values), by writing register
load KSV into HDCP,

and instruct HDCP to
generate Km
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instruct HDCP to Hardware-controlled ‘fast’ real-time process

generate Ks (and M0,R0)
then read back value
set ‘authenticated’ bit

in HDCP, and any other real-time key generation,
config info (like i_rate
frequency) according to signals from
HDMI
every 128 frames (or less

if specified by i_rate), Ri value
updated, and RX_PIXEL_CAPTURE
is asserted to HDMI

Figure 260: HDCP data encryption flow abstraction
FrameKeyCalc
(hdcpBlockCipher)
vda dia
vda
VideoEncrypt DataEncrypt
(hdcpStreamCipher) (hdcpStreamCipher)
dia1
v_sync
!vda !dia dia
vda
LineKeyCalc v_sync NoLineKeyCalc

(hdcpReKeyCipher) (wait)
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h_sync
v_sync
(enc_enable OR AC_MODE)
v_sync AND !AV_MUTE !enc_enable
OR av_mute2
H_blank V_blank
(complete ReKey, wait) (wait)
v_sync
v_sync
AV_MUTE OR
(!AC_MODE AND !enc_enable)
EncDisSync
authenticated (wait)
AND v_sync
!authenticated
idle
vda = video_data_active
1. After vda has been deasserted, dia must not be asserted
for at least 57 clock cycles. dia must always be false during OESS. dia = data_island_active
2. When operating in OESS, av_mute must not be set

69 HDCP registers STx7100
69 HDCP registers
Register addresses are provided as HDCPBaseAddress + offset.

The HDCPBaseAddress is:
0x1900 5400.
Table 210: HDCP register summary
HDCP_AUTH_CMD Authorization command 0x0000 R/W
HDCP_CTRL Real time control 0x0004 R/W
HDCP_I_RATE I_rate 0x0008 R/W
HDCP_STA Status 0x000C R/W
HDCP_KSV/IV_0 Shared secret/Initialization vector LSB 0x0010 R/W
HDCP_KSV/IV_1 Shared secret/Initialization vector MSB 0x0014 R/W
HDCP_AN_0 Pseudo-random value LSB 0x0018 RO
HDCP_AN_1 Pseudo-random value MSB 0x001C RO

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HDCP_KS_0 Session key LSB 0x0020 RO
HDCP_KS_1 Session key MSB 0x0024 RO
HDCP_MI_0 Mi LSB 0x0028 RO
HDCP_MI_1 Mi MSB 0x002C RO
HDCP_RI 16-bit response value 0x0030 RO
Reserved 0x0034 - 003C -
DEVKEY_n_LO_WORD Devkey_0[31:0] 0x0040+0x8*n
DEVKEY_n_HI_WORD Devkey_0[55:32], mapped to [23:0] of register 0x0044+0x8*n
... ... ... -
DEVKEY_39_LO_WORD Devkey_39[31:0] 0x0178
DEVKEY_39_HI_WORD Devkey_39[55:32], mapped to [23:0] of register 0x017C
Reserved 0x0180 - 01FF -

STx7100 69 HDCP registers
HDCP_AUTH_CMD Authorization command
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved AUTH_CMD
Address: HDCPBaseAddress + 0x0000

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[31:4] Reserved
[3:0] AUTH_CMD
0x01: generate_An
0x02: generate_Km
0x03/0x83: generate_Ks (Bit 7 indicates repeater)
Other: Reserved
HDCP_CTRL Real time control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
AN_DEBUG_SET
AUTHORISED
AC_MODE
AV_MUTE
Reserved
ENC_EN
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Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[31:3] Reserved
[5] AN_DEBUG_SET
Gated with CFG_DEBUG_ENABLE antifuse.
1: The value of An written into the An_0/An_1 registers is used instead of the pseudo-randomly-
generated one.
[4] Reserved
[3] AC_MODE
1: Enable advance cipher mode
[2] AV_MUTE: Encryption
0: Enable 1: Temporarily disable
[1] AUTHORISED
0: No (disable encryption) 1: Yes (enable encryption)
[0] ENC_EN

HDCP_I_RATE I rate multiplier
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
I_RATE_MULTIPLIER
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[31:3] Reserved
[2:0] I_RATE_MULTIPLIER
1: Update RI every ‘16 x I_RATE_MULTIPLIER’ encrypted frames, starting with the
‘16 x I_RATE_MULTIPLIER’th encrypted frame.
0: Default to every 128th encrypted frame.
HDCP_STA Status
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31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
AUTH_CMD_DONE
AUTH_CMD_ERR
Reserved
Address: HDCPBaseAddress + 0x000C

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[31:2] Reserved
[1] AUTH_CMD_ERR: Authorization CMD error
1: Indicates previous hdcp_cmd has not completed. Once set, this bit and the interrupt are cleared when
overwritten with the same value (Logic1).
0: No error state.
[0] AUTH_CMD_DONE: Authorization CMD error
1: Indicates previous hdcp_cmd has completed successfully. Once set, this bit and the interrupt are cleared
when overwritten with the same value (Logic1). 0: previous hdcp_cmd not completed

STx7100 69 HDCP registers
HDCP_IVKSV_n Initialization vector/key selection vector
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
IV_0 IV[31:0]
IV_1 Reserved IV[55:32]
KSV_0 KSV[31:0]
KSV_1 Reserved KSV[39:32]
Address: HDCPBaseAddress + 0x0010 (IVKSV_0); + 0x0014 (IVKSV_1)

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
IV: Before writing device keys, write the initialization value IV, used to seed decryption of the device keys.
IV_0: [31:1] IV[31:0]
IV_1: [31:24] Reserved
[23:0] IV[55:32]
KSV: After device key loading, write the KSV value.

KSV_0: [31:0] KSV[31:0]
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KSV_1: [31:8] Reserved

[7:0] KSV[55:32]
HDCP_AN_n Pseudo-random value
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
AN_0 AN[31:0]
AN_1 AN[63:32]
Address: HDCPBaseAddress + 0x0018 (AN_0); + 0x001C (AN_1)

Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description: 64-bit pseudo-random value
HDCP_KS_n Session key
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
KS_0 KS[31:0]
KS_1 Reserved KS[55:32]
Address: HDCPBaseAddress + 0x0020 (KS_0); + 0x0024 (KS_1)

Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description: Session key

HDCP_MI Mi
Address: HDCPBaseAddress + 0x0028 (MI_0); + 0x002C (MI_1)
Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description:
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
MI_0 MI[31:0]
MI_1 MI[64:32]
HDCP_RI 16-bit response
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved RI

Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description: 16-bit response
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STx7100 70 Infrared transmitter/receiver
70 Infrared transmitter/receiver
70.1 Overview
The infrared (IR) transmitter/receiver is an ST40 peripheral. For each symbol transmitted, the
software driver determines the symbol period and the symbol on time of the IR pulse, and
transfers these parameters into a eight-word deep FIFO. The IR transmitter/receiver then
generates coded symbols using an internally generated subcarrier clock.
The parameters symbol period and symbol on time are illustrated in Figure 261.
The incoming signal must be detected, and the subcarrier must be suppressed, externally. Only
the symbol envelope can be used by the IR and UHF processors. It is sampled at 10 MHz and
the sample values are transferred into the input buffer in microseconds.
Figure 261: IR transmitter/receiver symbol
Symbol on time
Symbol period
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The IR transmitter/receiver transmits infrared data and receives both IR and UHF data. The IR
and UHF receivers are independent and identical, except that the IR receiver does not use the
noise filter. Both receivers are simultaneously active. The IR transmitter/receiver supports RC
(remote control) codes only.
Figure 262 shows the IR transmitter/receiver block diagram in a typical circuit configuration with
input demodulating and output buffering (open drain).
In the transmitter there are two programmable dividers to generate the prescaled clock and the
subcarrier clock. The subcarrier clock sets the resolution for the transmitted data. Both receivers
contain a sampling rate clock, which samples the incoming data, and is programmed to 10 MHz.
FIFOs buffer both the transmitter output and the receivers’ inputs to avoid timing problems with
the CPU. Interrupts can be set on the FIFOs’ levels to prevent input data overrun and output data
underrun.
The two receivers each have one input pin (RC_IRDA_DATA_IN and IRDA_ASC_DATA_IN),
and the transmitter has two output pins (RC_IRDA_DATA_OUT driven directly and
IRDA_ASC_DATA_OUT inverted as open drain).
There are six 8-word FIFOs: two in the RC transmitter and two in each RC receiver. The eighth
word in each FIFO is used internally and is not accessible. Therefore a FIFO is empty when
there are seven empty words and full when it contains seven words. At all times, the fullness
level of the FIFO is given in its corresponding status register.
Each submodule pair of FIFOs, for symbol period and symbol on time, should be treated as a set
and must be consecutively accessed for read or for write. They share a common pointer which is
incremented only when they have been accessed correctly. Repeated reads on one FIFO always
give the same data, and repeated writes always overwrite the previous data.

70 Infrared transmitter/receiver STx7100
Figure 262 shows the complete system, and Figure 263, the receiver subsystem.
Figure 262: IR/UHF transmitter/receiver block diagram and implementation
RC receive UHF data in Demod and

code processor carrier suppress Input
PIO3[4] signal
UHF processor
Bus interface
IR data out PIO3[5]

RC transmit
code processor
PIO3[6]
RC receive
IR data in Demod and
code processor
carrier suppress Input
PIO3[3] signal
IR processor
IR module
STBus Note: PIO3[6] must be programmed in open drain mode

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Figure 263: IR/UHF receiver block diagram
UHF/IR_WAKEUP
POLINV_REG
Noise
Mux
Polarity SCD_UHF/IR_OUT
inversion suppression
SCD
logic filter
(UHF only) SCD_DETECTED
Retime
UHF/IR_DATA_IN
SYMBOL_TIME_OUT
Symbol time
count logic

70.2.1 RC transmit code processor

RC codes are generated by programming the transmit frequency and writing the symbol
information into a FIFO, which is then read internally and the data processed to provide a serial
PWM data stream. The transmit interrupt is set on a preselected FIFO level. An interrupt and a
flag in the status register indicate an underrun condition (that is, an empty FIFO). RC data
transmission is disabled by setting bit IRB_TX_EN_IR.TX_EN to 0.
The transmit interrupt is set by register IRB_TX_INT_EN, on one of three FIFO levels:
● when seven words are empty (buffer is empty),
● when four words are empty (buffer is half full),
● when at least one word is empty.
The transmit interrupt is cleared automatically when new data is written to registers
IRB_TX_SYMB_PER and IRB_TX_ON_TIME. Register bits IRB_TX_INT_STA[4:1] give the
FIFO’s fullness status.
The frequency of the subcarrier is set by programming registers IRB_TX_PRESCALER and
IRB_TX_SUBCARR.
The symbol period, in subcarrier cycles, is programmed in register IRB_TX_SYMB_PER and the
on time of the IR pulse is written to register IRB_TX_ON_TIME. These two registers are eight-
word FIFOs. They must be programmed sequentially as a pair to increment the write pointer and
be ready for the next data. Transmission is enabled by setting bit IRB_TX_EN.TX_EN to 1. If
new data is not written before the last symbol in the buffer is transmitted, no RC codes are
generated. The output is driven to logic 0 and bit IRB_TX_INT_STA.UNDERRUN is set.
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Before data can be transmitted, the underrun condition must be cleared as follows:
1. Disable the transmission by writing 0 to register IRB_TX_IR_EN.
2. Load at least one block of data into IRB_TX_SYMB_PER_IR and IRB_TX_ON_TIME_IR.
3. Clear the TX_UNDERRUN status bit by writing 1 to register
IRB_TX_CLR_UNDERRUN_IR.
Transmission is resumed by writing 1 to register IRB_TX_IR_EN.
70.2.2 RC receive code processor

This section describes the UHF data and the IR data receivers. They are independent and
identical except that the noise suppression filter is programmable in the UHF receiver, and is not
used in the IR receiver. The 10 MHz sampling clock is common to both receivers and is set by
register IRB_SAMPLE_RATE_COMM. This register is programmed with the value 10 for a
100 MHz infrared transmitter/receiver system clock.
Each receiver processes the incoming RC code symbol envelope and stores the values symbol
period and symbol on time (in µs) in a eight-word FIFO buffer, until the data can be read by the
microcontroller.
The receive interrupt is set by register IRB_RX_INT_EN to one of the following three FIFO
levels:
● at least one word is available to be read,
● four or more words are available to be read (FIFO half full),
● seven words are available to be read (FIFO full).
The interrupt is cleared when registers IRB_RX_SYMB_PER and IRB_RX_ON_TIME have been
read. They must be read consecutively, as a pair, to increment the FIFO read pointer. Bits 4 and
5 of register IRB_RX_INT_STA give the fullness level of the FIFO.
If the FIFO is full and has not been read before the arrival of new data, then this data is lost and
a receive overrun flag is set in the status register IRB_RX_INT_STA. No new data is written to
the FIFO while this condition exists.

To reset the overrun flag:

1. Read at least one word from each of the receive FIFO registers, IRB_RX_SYMB_PER and
IRB_RX_ON_TIME.
2. Clear the RX_OVERRUN_STA bit by writing 0x01 to register IRB_RX_CLR.
The last symbol is detected using a time out condition whose value is stored (in µs) in register
IRB_IRDA_RX_MAX_SYMB_PER. If no pulse has been received during this time then the last
word in the FIFO IRB_RX_MAX_SYMB_PER has a value 0xFFFF. If the value of bit
IRB_RX_INT_EN.LAST_SYMB_INT_EN is 1, then an interrupt is triggered and the status
register IRB_RX_INT_STA.LAST_SMB_INT is set. The interrupt and its status bit are cleared
automatically when the last value in the FIFO has been read.
When IRB_RX_INT_EN.INT_EN is set to 0 then both the FIFO level interrupt and the last symbol
interrupt are inhibited.
RC data reception can be disabled by setting IRB_RX_INT_EN.INT_EN to 0. However, both
receivers are normally always enabled.
The polarity of input RC_DATA can be inverted by setting bit 0 in one of the polarity invert
registers IRB_POL_INV.
70.2.3 Noise suppression filter

This filter is turned off in the IR receiver and is programmable in the UHF receiver using register
IRB_RX_NOISE_SUPP_WID_UHF. Any pulses, either high or low, having a value in
microseconds of less than the programmed width, are assumed to be noise and, therefore,
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suppressed.
The noise suppression filter can be disabled by writing 0x00 to register
IRB_RX_NOISE_SUPP_WIDTH_UHF.
70.3 Start code detector

The start code detector detects any programmable start code on the RC-Rx input. The length of
the start code (number of bits), the minimum, nominal and maximum time of the input signal and
the start code are all programmable.
The start code detector works on a time unit called symbol time. The value of the input is
expected to be constant during the symbol period. If the value of the input violates the symbol
period, then the start code detect resets the start code detection process and restarts searching
for start codes.
The minimum and nominal symbol periods are programmed in two different registers,
IRB_SCD_SYMB_MIN_TIME and IRB_SCD_SYMB_NOM_TIME. For the symbol to be valid, it
has to be constant for at least the minimum symbol period. The symbol is registered as 0 or 1
only after expiry of the nominal symbol time. The registering of the symbol is done by the clock,
which aligns itself to changes in the input data. This periodic phase alignment ensures that
wrong start codes are not detected and that valid start codes do not go undetected.
The maximum number of symbols in a start code sequence is 32. The start code detector can be
programmed to detect a start code which is smaller than 32 symbols.

70.3.1 Generation of subcarrier

The methodology of sub carrier generation is documented in this section. Configuration of
different registers to generate sub-carrier is discussed with an example. The pre-scaler divides
the system clock (60 MHz) to get the required granularity.
For example lets assume a 40 kHz clock with 50% duty cycle is to be generated.
To get the 40 kHz clock, the programmable counters have to be programmed to generate a clock
of 25us clock period and 12.5 µs on time. This is done because the time period and on time of
the sub-carrier are now programmable.
To achieve the above time period the pre-scaler can be configured for divide by 6. The out put of
the pre-scaler will be 60/6 = 10 MHz. This clock gives a granularity of 0.1us in sub carrier
generation. To configure the pre-scaler in divide by 6mode, write ‘6’ in ‘pre-scaler register.
Register IRB_TX_SUBCARR_IR has to be programmed with an appropriate value so that the
required time period for the sub-carrier clock cycle is achieved. To get a clock period of 25 µs,
write 250 to IRB_TX_SUBCARR_IR. This generates a clock of period 25 µs, or 40 kHz.
To get a 50% duty cycle, the subcarrier has to be high for 12.5 µs, by writing 125 to
IRB_TX_SUBCARR_WID_IR.
70.3.2 Signalling rates and pulse duration specification for IrDA

Table 211: Signalling rate and pulse duration specification
Pulse duration (µs)

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Signalling Tolerance
rate (kb/s) % of rate (+/-) Min Nom Max
9.6 0.87 1.41 19.53 22.13
19.2 0.87 1.41 9.77 11.07
38.4 0.87 1.41 4.88 5.96
57.6 0.87 1.41 3.26 4.34
115.2 0.87 1.41 1.63 2.23
70.3.3 Start code detection example

As an example, suppose the start code detector is programmed with the start code as shown in
Figure 264.
Figure 264: Start code example
12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
500 µs
1 ms 2 ms 1 ms 2 ms
Here, the nominal symbol duration is 500 µs and there are 13 symbols (denoted as 12 to 0).
Since the data is shifted through the shift register, the data bit first received is the MSB.

1. Since the SCD operates on a 100 MHz clock, program the prescaler to 100 (0x64).
The sampling clock is 1 MHz, and sampling resolution is 1µs.
2. Program 450 (µs) in register IRB_SCD_SYMB_MIN_TIME, 500 (µs) in
IRB_SCD_SYMB_NOM_TIME and 550 (µs) in IRB_SCD_SYMB_MAX_TIME.
3. Program IRB_SCD_CODE with 0b1 0011 1100 1111 and IRB_SCD_CODE_LEN with 13
(ox0E) corresponding to 13 symbols to be detected.
4. Start the start code detection by setting the enable and re-search bits in IRB_SCD_CFG
to 1.
The start code detectors checks for the minimum symbol time of each register and the sequence
in which symbols are received. If the symbol time is not respected by the input UHF (if noisy) the
start code detection is re-initialized.
Constraints on SCD registers

The following relationships need to be respected:
● SCD_SYMB_MAX_TIME <= ( SCD_SYMBOL_NOM_TIME * 1.5)
● SCD_SYMB_MIN_TIME >= (SCD_SYMBOL_NOM_TIME * 0.5)
● (SCD_SYMBOL_MAX_TIME - SCD_SYMBOL_NOM_TIME) >= 4
● (SCD_SYMBOL_NOM_TIME - SCD_SYMBOL_MIN_TIME) >= 4
● Start code should not be equal to reset value (all zeros).
● IRB_SCD_CODE_LEN 0x00 corresponds to 32-bit standard and alternate start codes.
● If there is only one start code to be detected, the registers for normal and alternate start
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codes must be programmed with identical values, as do the IRB_SCD_CODE_LEN values.
Noise recovery
IRB_SCD_NOISE_RECOV is provided to overcome possible issues in detecting a valid start
code in cases where noise preceding the start code has the same logic level as that of a start
code LSB; in such cases the SCD logic may fail to detect a valid start if this register is not
enabled. For example, considering the start code of Figure 264 (0b1 0011 1100 1111) noise at
logic level 1 must be ignored.
Example: Start code is 13-bit, 0b1 0011 1100 1111:
IRB_SCD_NOISE_RECOV
.EN = 1 - noise recovery feature is enabled.
.LOGIC_LEV = 1 - the logical value of first symbol in start code is 1.
.NCSSLV = 00001 as there is change in logic value after first symbol of the start code.

STx7100 71 Infrared transmitter/receiver registers
71 Infrared transmitter/receiver registers
This section describes the RC transmitter and receiver registers, the RC and UHF receiver and
control registers and the noise suppression registers of the IR transmitter/receiver. Although the
IR RC receiver and UHF RC receiver registers are held at different addresses, their register
descriptions are identical and are only given once for each pair of registers. Registers are
suffixed with _IR and _UHF as appropriate.
Register addresses are provided as IRBBaseAddress + offset.
The IRBBaseAddress is:
0x1801 8000.
Table 212: Infrared transmitter/receiver register summary
Offset
IR UHF
RC transmitter
IRB_TX_PRESCALER Clock prescaler 0x00 - R/W
IRB_TX_SUBCARR Subcarrier frequency programming 0x04 - R/W

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IRB_TX_SYMB_PER Symbol time programming 0x08 - WO
IRB_TX_ON_TIME Symbol on time programming 0x0C - RO
IRB_TX_INT_EN Transmit interrupt enable 0x10 - R/W
IRB_TX_INT_STA Transmit interrupt status 0x14 - RO
IRB_TX_EN RC transmit enable 0x18 - R/W
IRB_TX_CLR Transmit interrupt clear 0x1C - WO
IRB_TX_SUBCARR Subcarrier frequency programming 0x20 - R/W
IRB_TX_STA Transmit status 0x24 - RO
RC receiver
IRB_RX_ON_TIME Received pulse time capture 0x40 0x80 RO
IRB_RX_SYMB_PER Received symbol period capture 0x44 0x84 RO
IRB_RX_INT_EN Receive interrupt enable 0x48 0x88 R/W
IRB_RX_INT_STA Receive interrupt status 0x4C 0x8C RO
IRB_RX_EN RC receive enable 0x50 0x90 R/W
IRB_RX_MAX_SYMB_PER Maximum RC symbol period 0x54 0x94 R/W
IRB_RX_CLR Receive interrupt clear 0x58 0x98 WO
Noise suppression
IRB_RX_NOISE_SUPP_WID Noise suppression width 0x5C 0x9C R/W
I/O control
RC_IO_SEL I/O select RC or IrDA 0x60 R/W

71 Infrared transmitter/receiver registers STx7100
Table 212: Infrared transmitter/receiver register summary
Offset
IR UHF
Reverse polarity
IRB_POL_INV Reverse polarity data 0x68 0xA8 R/W
Receive status and clock
IRB_RX_STA Receive status and interrupt clear 0x6C 0xAC RO
IRB_SAMPLE_RATE_COMM Sampling frequency division 0x64 R/W
IRB_CLK_SEL Clock select configuration 0x70 R/W
IRB_CLK_SEL_STA Clock select status 0x74 RO
IrDA Interface
IRB_IRDA_BAUD_RATE_GEN Baud rate generation for IR 0xC0 - R/W
IRB_IRDA_BAUD_GEN_EN Baud rate generation enable for IR 0xC4 - R/W
IRB_IRDA_TX_EN Transmit enable for IR 0xC8 - R/W
IRB_IRDA_RX_EN Receive enable for IR 0xCC - R/W

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IRB_IRDA_ASC_CTRL Asynchronous data control 0xD0 - R/W
IRB_IRDA_RX_PULSE_STA Receive pulse status for IR 0xD4 - RO
IRB_IRDA_RX_SAMPLE_RATE Receive sampling rate for IR 0xD8 - WO
IRB_IRDA_RX_MAX_SYMB_PER Receive maximum symbol period for IR 0xDC - WO
Start code detector
IRB_SCD_CFG SCD configuration 0x200 R/W
IRB_SCD_STA SCD status 0x204 RO
IRB_SCD_CODE Start code to be detected 0x208 R/W
IRB_SCD_CODE_LEN Start code length 0x20C R/W
IRB_SCD_SYMB_MIN_TIME SCD minimum symbol time 0x210 R/W
IRB_SCD_SYMB_MAX_TIME SCD maximum symbol time 0x214 R/W
IRB_SCD_SYMB_NOM_TIME SCD nominal symbol time 0x218 R/W
IRB_SCD_PRESCALAR SCD prescalar value 0x21C R/W
IRB_SCD_INT_EN SCD detect interrupt enable 0x220 R/W
IRB_SCD_INT_CLR SCD detect interrupt clear 0x224 WO
IRB_SCD_INT_STA SCD detect interrupt status 0x22C RO
IRB_SCD_NOISE_RECOV SCD noise recovery configuration 0x228 R/W
IRB_SCD_ALT_CODE Alternative start code to be detected 0x230 R/W

71.1 RC transmitter registers
IRB_TX_PRESCALER Clock prescaler
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PRESCALE_VAL
Address: IRBBaseAddress + 0x00

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Selects the value of the prescaler for clock division. The prescaled clock frequency is
obtained by dividing the system clock frequency by PRESCALE_VAL. It determines the
transmit subcarrier resolution, see IRB_TX_SUBCARR_IR.
IRB_TX_SUBCARR Subcarrier frequency programming
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SUBCARR_VAL

Type: R/W
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Reset: 0
Description: Determines the RC transmit subcarrier frequency. The prescaled clock frequency
divided by (SUBCARR_VAL x 2) gives the subcarrier frequency, which has a 50% duty
cycle.
IRB_TX_SYMB_PER Symbol time programming
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
TX_SYMB_TIME_VAL

Type: WO
Buffer: 8-word buffered
Reset: 0
Description: Gives the symbol time (symbol period) in periods of the subcarrier clock. It must be
programmed sequentially with register IRB_TX_ON_TIME.
IRB_TX_ON_TIME Symbol on time programming
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
TX_ON_TIME_VAL
Address: IRBBaseAddress + 0x0C

Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description: Gives the symbol on time (pulse duration) in periods of the subcarrier clock.
Note: Registers IRB_TX_SYMB_PER and IRB_TX_ON_TIME act as a single register set.
They must be programmed sequentially as a pair to latch in the data.

IRB_TX_INT_EN Transmit interrupt enable
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
HALF_EMPTY
UNDERRUN
INT_EN
EMPTY
1WD
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[15:5] Reserved
[4] 1WD
1: Interrupt enable on at least one word empty in FIFO
[3] HALF_EMPTY
1: Interrupt enable on FIFO half empty
[2] EMPTY
1: Interrupt enable on FIFO empty
[1] UNDERRUN
1: Enable interrupt on underrun
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[0] INT_EN: Interrupt enable

1: Global transmit interrupt enable
IRB_TX_INT_STA Transmit interrupt status
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
HALF_EMPTY
UNDERRUN
INT_PEND
EMPTY
1WD
Reserved

Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description: This register is also updated when data is written into registers IRB_TX_SYMB_PER
and IRB_TX_IR_ON_TIME.
[15:5] Reserved
[4] 1WD
1: At least one word empty interrupt pending
[3] HALF_EMPTY
1: FIFO half empty interrupt pending
[2] EMPTY
1: FIFO Empty interrupt pending
[1] UNDERRUN
1: Underrun interrupt pending
[0] INT_PEND: Interrupt pending
1: Global interrupt pending

IRB_TX_EN RC transmit enable
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved TX_EN

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Enables the RC transmit processor. When it is set to 1 and there is data in the transmit
FIFO, then the RC processor is transmitting.
IRB_TX_CLR Transmit interrupt clear
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
HALF_EMPTY
UNDERRUN
Reserved
EMPTY
1WD
Reserved

Type: WO
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Reset: 0
Description:
[15:5] Reserved
[4] 1WD
1: Clear interrupt: at least one word empty in FIFO
[3] HALF_EMPTY
1: Clear interrupt: FIFO half-empty
[2] EMPTY
1: Clear interrupt: FIFO empty
[1] UNDERRUN
1: Clear interrupt: underrun
[0] Reserved
IRB_TX_SUBCARR_WID Subcarrier frequency programming
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SUBCARR_WID_VAL

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: The pulse width of the subcarrier generated is programmed into this register. Loading a
value k into this register keeps the subcarrier high for n * k comms clock cycles. Where
n is the value loaded into the IRB_TX_PRESCALER register. Software has to ensure
that the value written in this register is less than that written in register
IRB_TX_SUBCARR. If the condition is not met, the subcarrier is not generated.

IRB_TX_STA Transmit status
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
HALF_EMPTY
UNDERRUN
Reserved
EMPTY
1WD
Reserved TX_FIFO_LEVEL Reserved

Type: RO
Reset: 0x1C
Description:
[11:15] Reserved
[10:8] TX_FIFO_LEVEL
000: FIFO empty
001: 1 block in FIFO
010: 2 blocks in FIFO
111: 7 blocks in FIFO (full)
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[7:5] Reserved
[4] 1WD
1: At least one word empty in FIFO
[3] HALF_EMPTY
1: FIFO half empty
[2] EMPTY
1: FIFO empty
[1] UNDERRUN
1: FIFO underrun
[0] Reserved
Clearing an interrupt does not clear the corresponding status flag. The status reflects
the true transmit status.

71.2 RC receiver registers

If not explicitly stated the following registers are common to both the RC IR receiver and the RC
UHF receiver. The first address given is the RC IR receiver (IR). The registers are distinguished
by the suffix _IR for the IR receiver and _UHF for the UHF receiver.
IRB_RX_ON_TIME Received pulse time capture
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RX_ONTIME_VAL
Address: IRBBaseAddress + 0x40 (IR) IRBBaseAddress + 0x80 (UHF)

Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description: Detected duration of the received RC pulse in microseconds. Must be read sequentially
with register IRB_RX_SYMB_PER.
IRB_RX_SYMB_PER Received symbol period capture
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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RX_SYMB_TIME_VAL

Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description: Detected time between the start of two successive received RC pulses, in
microseconds.
Note: Registers IRB_RX_SYMB_PER and IRB_RX_IR_ON_TIME act as a register set. A
new value can only be read after reading both registers sequentially.

IRB_RX_INT_EN Receive interrupt enable
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LAST_SYMB_INT_EN
ATLEAST_1WD
HALF_FULL
OVERRUN
INT_EN
FULL
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[15:6] Reserved
[5] ATLEAST_1WD
1: Enable interrupt on at least one word in FIFO
[4] HALF_FULL
1: Enable interrupt on FIFO half-full
[3] FULL
1: Enable interrupt on FIFO full
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[2] OVERRUN
1: Enable interrupt on overrun
[1] LAST_SYMB_INT_EN
1: Enable interrupt on last symbol receive
[0] INT_EN
1: Enable global receive interrupt

IRB_RX_INT_STA Receive interrupt status
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LAST_SYMB_INT
ATLEAST_1WD
HALF_FULL
OVERRUN
FULL
INT
Reserved
Address: IRBBaseAddress + 0x4C (IR) IRBBaseAddress + 0x8C (UHF)

Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description:
[15:6] Reserved
[5] ATLEAST_1WD
1: At least one word in FIFO interrupt pending
[4] HALF_FULL
1: Half-full interrupt pending
[3] FULL
1: FIFO full interrupt pending
[2] OVERRUN
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1: FIFO overrun pending

[1] LAST_SYMB_INT
1: Last symbol receive interrupt pending
[0] INT
Global receive interrupt pending
IRB_RX_EN RC receive enable
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved RX_EN

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: 1: The RC receive section is enabled to read incoming data.
IRB_RX_MAX_SYMB_PER Maximum RC symbol period
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
RX_MAX_SYMB_TIME

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Sets the maximum symbol period (in microseconds) which is necessary to define the
time out for recognizing the end of the symbol stream.

IRB_RX_CLR Receive interrupt clear
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
LAST_SYMB_INT_EN
ATLEAST_1WD
HALF_FULL
OVERRUN
INT_EN
FULL
Reserved

Type: WO
Reset: 0
Description: Set to 1 as part of the procedure for clearing flags in register IRB_RX_INT_STA. No new
data is written into the receive FIFO while these bits are set.
[15:6] Reserved
[5] ATLEAST_1WD
1: Clear interrupt: at least one word in FIFO
[4] HALF_FULL
1: Clear interrupt: FIFO half-full
[3] FULL
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1: Clear interrupt: FIFO full

[2] OVERRUN
1: Clear interrupt: FIFO overrun
[1] LAST_SYMB_INT
1: Clear interrupt: last symbol receive
[0] Reserved
71.3 Noise suppression
IRB_RX_NOISE_SUPP_WID Noise suppression width
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NOISE_SUPP_WID
Address: IRBBaseAddress + 0x5C (IR) IRBBaseAddress + 0x9C (UHF)

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Determines the maximum width of noise pulses, in microseconds, which the filter
suppresses.

71.4 I/O control
RC_IO_SEL I/O select RC or IrDA
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved IO_SEL

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Selects the data type on RC_IRDA_DATA_OUT and RC_IRDA_DATA_IN pins.
0: RC data
1: IrDA data
This register is present only in the receive interface for IR signals.
71.5 Reverse polarity

The two IRB input pins (IRB_IR_IN {PIO3 bit 0} and IRB_UHF_IN {PIO5 bit 1}) are inverted
internally from high to low. To account for this, IRB_IR_IN and IRB_UHF_IN should be
configured as PIO inputs and the bits in the POLINV registers set to 1.
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IRB_POL_INV Reverse polarity data
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved POLARITY
Address: IRBBaseAddress + 0x68 (IR) IRBBaseAddress + 0xA8 (UHF)

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[7:1] Reserved
[0] POLARITY
0: No polarity inversion 1: Polarity of IR data inverted
This bit should always be set to 1

71.6 Receive status and clock
IRB_RX_STA Receive status and interrupt clear
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
AT_LEAST_1WD
LAST_SYMB
HALF_FULL
OVERRUN
Reserved
FULL
Reserved RX_FIFO_LEVEL Reserved
Address: IRBBaseAddress + 0x6C (IR) IRBBaseAddress + 0xAC (UHF)

Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description:
[15:11] Reserved
[10:8] RX_FIFO_LEVEL
000: FIFO empty 100: 4 blocks in FIFO
001: 1 block FIFO 101: 5 blocks in FIFO
010: 2 blocks in FIFO 110: 6 blocks in FIFO
011: 3 blocks in FIFO 111: 7 blocks in FIFO (full)
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[7:6] Reserved
[5] AT_LEAST_1WD: At least one word
1: Clear interrupt: at least one word in FIFO
[4] HALF_FULL
1: Clear interrupt: FIFO half full
[3] FULL
1: Clear interrupt FIFO full
[2] OVERRUN
1: Clear interrupt: FIFO overrun
[1] LAST_SYMB: Last symbol
1: Clear interrupt: last symbol receive
[0] Reserved
Note: Clearing the interrupt does not clear the status. To clear the status, appropriate actions
(such as reading the data from the FIFO) have to be performed.
IRB_SAMPLE_RATE_COMM Sampling frequency division
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved N

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Programs the sampling rate for the RC codes receive section. A 4-bit counter with auto
reload feature generates the sampling frequency. This counter is configured such that
the output of this counter is 10 MHz.
The clock is divided by N.
This is a common register for both IR and UHF receivers.

IRB_CLK_SEL Clock select configuration
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved CLK_SEL

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Used to select if the receive sections (both RC and UHF) are clocked by the system
clock or the 27 MHz clock. In low power mode it is expected that the system clock is
switched off. The noise suppression filter is clocked by 27 MHz clock to ensure the
filtering takes place on the received signal even in the low power mode.
[0] CLK_SEL
0: System clock 1: 27 MHz clock
IRB_CLK_SEL_STA Clock select status
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved CLK_STA
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Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description: Used to infer if the receive section is clocked by the system clock or the 27 MHz clock.
After changing the clocking mode by programming register IRB_CLK_SEL, software
has to read this register to see if the programmed clock change has happened.
[7:6] Reserved
[0] CLK_STA
0: System clock 1: 27 MHz clock

71.7 IrDA Interface
IRB_IRDA_BAUD_RATE_GEN Baud rate generation for IR
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ASCBAUD
Address: IRBBaseAddress + 0xC0

Type: R/W
Reset:
Description: The baud rate generation is exactly same as in ASC. It has a 16-bit counter with auto-
reload capability. This register holds the value ASCBAUD to be loaded into the counter.
ASCBAUD can be calculated by the formula:
ASCBAUD = fCPU / (16* baudrate)
where fCPU is the CPU clock frequency. For a CPU clock frequency of 100 MHz, the
values to be loaded into BAUD_RATE_GEN_IRDA are shown in Table 213 below.
Table 213: Bit fields in interrupt enable register

Baud rate
(to 3 dec places) (Integer) (Hex) deviation
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9600 651.042 651 0x28B 0.01%

19200 325.521 326 0x146 0.15%
34.8 k 179.600 180 0x0B4 0.22%
57.6 k 108.507 109 0x06D 0.45%
115.2 k 54.250 54 0x036 0.46%
IRB_IRDA_BAUD_GEN_EN Baud rate generation enable for IR
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved BRG_EN

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: 1: The baud rate generator is enabled.
IRB_IRDA_TX_EN Transmit enable for IR
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved IRTX_EN

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: 1: The IrDA transmit section is enabled.

IRB_IRDA_RX_EN Receive enable for IR
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved IRRX_EN
Address: IRBBaseAddress + 0xCC

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: 1: The IrDA receive section is enabled.
IRB_IRDA_ASC_CTRL Asynchronous data control
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved ASC_CTRL
Address: IRBBaseAddress + 0xD0

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Controls the data on pins IRDA_ASC_TX_DATA_OUT and IRDA_ASC_RX_DATA_IN.
0: IrDA data is available on pins IRDA_ASC_TX_DATA_OUT and
IRDA_ASC_RX_DATA_IN.
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1: Asynchronous data is available on pins IRDA_ASC_TX_DATA_OUT and

IRDA_ASC_RX_DATA_IN.
IRB_IRDA_RX_PULSE_STA Receive pulse status for IR
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved P_STA

Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description: Set to one if there is pulse width violation of IrDA input signal from the infrared detector.
This bit is set to 0 when it is read.
IRB_IRDA_RX_SAMPLE_RATE Receive sampling rate for IR
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved N

Type: WO
Reset:
Description: The sampling frequency of the IrDA receive signal is selected by programming this
register. If fIRB is the module clock frequency, then this register must be programmed
with a value N such that fIRB/N = 10 MHz.

IRB_IRDA_RX_MAX_SYMB_PER Receive maximum symbol period for IR
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Address: IRBBaseAddress + 0xDC

Type: WO
Reset:
Description: The maximum symbol time for which the IR pulse should be high is programmed in this
register. If a value M is written in this register, then the maximum pulse duration is
M/10 µs. If an IR pulse greater than this time is detected then the IR pulse is neglected.
71.8 SCD
IRB_SCD_CFG SCD configuration
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved RST_SFT SW_RST RE_SEARCH EN

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Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[7:4] Reserved
[3] RST_SFT
Reset shift register only. SCD_STA is not affected.
[2] SW_RST
Reset all counters and shift register.
[1] RE_SEARCH
1: Start a new search
Asserting RE_SEARCH while start code detection is in progress has no effect. The purpose of this bit is
to provide software a capability to force a restart when SCD has already detected a start code and
symbol-time-out does not occur.
[0] EN
0: Bypass SCD, UHF sent to UHF_OUT
1: Enable start code detection

IRB_SCD_STA SCD status
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved ALT DETECT

Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description:
[7:2] Reserved
[1] ALT
1: Alternative code detected
[0] DETECT
1: Start code detected, UHF sent to UHF_OUT
IRB_SCD_CODE Start code to be detected
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CODE

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Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
IRB_SCD_CODE_LEN Start code length
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved ALT_CODE_LEN Reserved CODE_LEN

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Length of the start code in symbols.
[31:13] Reserved
[12:8] ALT_CODE_LEN: Alternative start code length
[7:5] Reserved
[4:0] CODE_LEN: Start code length

IRB_SCD_SYMB_MIN_TIME SCD minimum symbol time
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
MIN _TIME

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Minimum time of a symbol. If any symbol is shorter than this value, the SCD process is
re-initialized. The symbol time counting is done by a clock (enable pulse) output from
the pre-scaler. If the minimum time of the symbol is n pre-scaler clock periods, the
SCD_SYMB_MIN_TIME register should be programmed with a value of (n-1). For
example, if a value 0xF is written into this register, the symbol minimum time is 16 pre-
scaler clock periods.
IRB_SCD_SYMB_MAX_TIME SCD maximum symbol time
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
MAX_SYMB_TIME

Type: R/W
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Reset: 0
Description: Maximum time of a symbol. Any changes in the input data are allowed only between
symbol minimum time and symbol maximum time. The symbol time counting is done by
a clock (enable pulse) output from the pre-scaler. If the maximum time of the symbol is n
pre-scaler clock periods, the SCD_SYMB_MAX_TIME register should be programmed
with a value of (n-1). For example, if a value 0xF is written into this register, the symbol
maximum time is 16 pre-scaler clock periods.
IRB_SCD_SYMB_NOM_TIME SCD nominal symbol time
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
NOM_TIME

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Nominal time for a symbol. This value is used by SCD to register a new symbol for when
consecutive identical symbols are received. The symbol time counting is done by a
clock (enable pulse) output from the pre-scaler. If the SCD nominal time is n pre-scaler
clock periods, the SCD_SYMB_NOM_TIME register should be programmed with a
value of (n-1).For example, if a value 0xF is written into this register, the symbol nominal
time is 16 pre-scaler clock periods.

IRB_SCD_PRESCALAR SCD prescalar value
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PRE_SCALAR

Type: R/W
Reset: 0x01
Description: Prescalar division value
IRB_SCD_INT_EN SCD detect interrupt enable
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved SCD_INT_EN

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: Enable interrupt on SCD detected
0: Disable interrupt
1: Enable interrupt
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IRB_SCD_INT_CLR SCD detect interrupt clear
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved SCD_INT_CLR
Address: IRBBaseAddress + 0x
Type: WO
Reset: 0
Description: Clear SCD-detected interrupt. This register clears the interrupt only when the SCD is
functioning on the interconnect clock.
1: Clear interrupt
IRB_SCD_INT_STA SCD detect interrupt status
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved SCD_INT_STA

Type: RO
Reset: 0
Description: Status of SCD detected interrupt.
0: No pending interrupt
1: Pending interrupt

IRB_SCD_NOISE_RECOV SCD noise recovery configuration
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ALT_LOGIC_LEV
ALT_NCSSLV
LOGIC_LEV
NCSSLV
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
ALT_EN
EN
Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:
[31:29] Reserved
[28:24] ALT_NCSSLV: Number of contiguous symbols at same logical value as first symbol, for alternate code
0x00: Noise recovery disabled
0x01
0x02
...
0x1E
0x1F
[23:18] Reserved
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[17] ALT_LOGIC_LEV: Logic level for alternate code

0: Alt code starts with 0 1: Alt code starts with 1
[16] ALT_EN: Enable noise recovery for alternate code
0: Noise recovery disabled 1: Noise recovery enabled
[15:13] Reserved
[12:8] NCSSLV: Number of contiguous symbols at same logical value as first symbol
[7:2] Reserved
[1] LOGIC_LEV: Logic level
0: Code starts with 0 1: Code starts with 1
[0] EN: Enable noise recovery
0: Noise recovery disabled 1: Noise recovery enabled
IRB_SCD_ALT_CODE Alternative start code to be detected
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ALT_CODE

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description:

STx7100 72 Modem analog front-end (MAFE) interface
72 Modem analog front-end (MAFE) interface
72.1 Overview
The modem analog front end interface (MAFE) is an integrated interface to an analog front end
(AFE) for a modem such as the STLC7550.
In this chapter, the term sample is a 16-bit data object that is transferred to or from the modem
through the MAFE, and the term sample period is the time from the start of one sample to the
start of the next.
The MAFE simultaneously transmits samples into and out of the AFE. It typically operates at a
rate of 9600 samples/second, giving a typical sample period of 100 µs. That is, every 100 µs, one
sample is transmitted and another received through the MAFE.
The MAFE receives its system clock signal (SCLK) from the AFE. The SCLK frequency is
typically 256 ticks/sample period, or 2.56 MHz. The first 16 ticks of the 256 tick sample period
are used to exchange a 16-bit sample pair (1 bit per tick).
The MAFE uses one DMA to transfer samples from a transmit memory buffer to the AFE, and
simultaneously uses a second DMA to receive samples from the AFE and write them into the
receive memory buffer. The software driver is woken up every time a simultaneous transfer is
completed, that is, every time a transmit memory buffer has been emptied and a receive memory
buffer has been filled. For example, if each memory buffer contains 100 samples, the software is
woken up every 10 ms (100 x 100 µs). This is more stringent for handshake signals, where the
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buffer size could be as low as a few samples, for example, four.

The software modem has two pairs of pointers (that is, four pointers) that point to two pairs of
transmit/receive buffers. The modem and the MAFE alternately switch between the two pairs of
pointers. While the MAFE transmits and receives using one pair of buffers, the software modem
processes the information in the other pair. Using the above example for a buffer containing 100
samples, the software has 10 ms to wake up and then process one pair of transmit/receive
buffers before they are required again by the MAFE.
72.2 Using the MAFE to connect to a modem

The following table lists the pins that are used by the MAFE to connect a modem:
Table 214: MAFE pins
Function name
Name Type Function description
(alternate)
PIO2[3] O MAFE_HC1 Indicates to the AFE that a control/status exchange is to take
place.
PIO2[4] O MAFE_DOUT Line for serially transmitting samples to the AFE.
PIO2[5] I MAFE_DIN Line for serially receiving samples from the AFE.
PIO2[6] I MAFE_FS Signal from the AFE indicating the start of a sampling period.
This is latched on falling edges of SCLK. For normal operation
it should not remain high for more than 16 SCLK cycles, and
there should be at least 20 SCLK ticks between consecutive
rising edges of FS.
PIO2[7] I MAFE_SCLK Modem system clock. The frequency should be less than half
of the device system clock.

72 Modem analog front-end (MAFE) interface STx7100
72.3 Software
The MAFE software manages the data exchange between the software modem and MAFE, and
handles the control/status exchange.
72.3.1 Data exchange

When the MAFE exchanges data, the software:
1. disables all interrupts,
2. sets the buffer size, for example, 100 samples (for handshake response times, the buffer
size could be as low as a few samples, for example 4),
3. sets up both pairs of memory pointers in the MAFE (this is probably not changed again),
4. enables status (complete) interrupt,
5. sets the control (run) bit,
6. deschedules.
The MAFE then processes a buffer load of samples (that is, it transmits 100 samples and
receives 100 samples). When this is complete, the MAFE sets the status (complete) bit, causing
the software to be woken up. The software then:
7. processes the receive memory buffer and fills the next transmit memory,
8. confirms that there has been no overflow (that is, failure to finish the software processing of
a buffer before that buffer has started to be overwritten again),
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9. confirms that there have been no memory latency problems during the exchange of the
previous buffer, by reading the status (missed) bit,
10. if there are no problems, the software writes to the MOD_ACK register and deschedules.
72.3.2 Control/status exchange

For a control/status exchange, the software writes to register MOD_CTRL to enable the status
interrupt (CTRL_EMPTY), and then deschedules.
When the software wakes up, it reads the modem status and disables the status interrupt
(CTRL_EMPTY) again.

STx7100 73 Modem analog front-end (MAFE) interface registers
73 Modem analog front-end (MAFE) interface registers
Register addresses are provided as ModemBaseAddress + offset.

The ModemBaseAddress is:
0x1805 8000.
Table 215: MAFE interface register summary
MOD_CTRL_1 Control 1 0x00 R/W
MOD_STA Status 1 0x04 RO
MOD_INT_EN Interrupt enable 0x08 R/W
MOD_ACK Acknowledge 0x0C WO
MOD_BUFF_SIZE Buffer size 0x10 R/W
MOD_CTRL_2 Control 2 0x14 WO
MOD_STA Status 2 0x18 RO
MOD_RECEIVE0_PTR Receive memory buffer 0 start address 0x20 R/W

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MOD_RECEIVE1_PTR Receive memory buffer 1 start address 0x24 R/W
MOD_TX0_PTR Transmit memory buffer 0 start address 0x28 R/W
MOD_TX1_PTR Transmit memory buffer 1 start address 0x2C R/W
MOD_CTRL_1 Control 1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved START RUN
Address: ModemBaseAddress + 0x00

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description:
[7:2] Reserved
[1] START
Indicates which of the two pairs of memory buffer pointers it should start off using:
0: Indicates RECEIVE0_POINTER and TRANSMIT0_POINTER.
1: Indicates RECEIVE1_POINTER and TRANSMIT1_POINTER.
[0] RUN
1: The MAFE interface is to start exchanging data with the AFE.
0: The MAFE interface stops after completing the exchange of the current buffer load of samples.

73 Modem analog front-end (MAFE) interface registers STx7100
MOD_STA Status 1
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved MISSED OVERFLOW LAST CTRL_EMPTY COMPLETE IDLE

Type: RO
Reset: Undefined
Description:
[7:6] Reserved
[5] MISSED
1: Indicates that the memory latency is too high, causing a sample to be missed (the MAFE interface is
exchanging samples faster than they can be read from/written to the memory buffers).
Cleared by writing to MOD_ACK.
[4] OVERFLOW
1: Indicates that overflow has occurred (the MAFE interface has completed the exchange of another
buffer load of samples before the software has got round to acknowledging the previous buffer load).
Cleared by writing to MOD_ACK.
[3] LAST: indicates the last pair of buffer pointers used by the DMA.
[2] CTRL_EMPTY
Set to 0 by writing to MOD_MAFE_CTRL. Set to 1 when the MAFE interface has completed the control/
status exchange.
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[1] COMPLETE
Set to 1 when a buffer load of samples has been exchanged. Cleared by writing to MOD_ACK register.
[0] IDLE
0: The MAFE interface is exchanging data with the AFE.
1: The RUN bit is low and the MAFE interface is not exchanging data. After the software clears the RUN
bit, the MAFE interface only goes idle when it has finished exchanging the current buffer load of samples.
MOD_INT_EN Interrupt enable
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved INT_EN2 INT_EN1 INT_EN0

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description:
[7:3] Reserved
[2:0] INT_EN[2:0]
Enables interrupts connected to MOD_MAFE_STA[2:0].
1: Indicates that the corresponding interrupt is enabled.

STx7100 73 Modem analog front-end (MAFE) interface registers
MOD_ACK Acknowledge
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ACK
Address: ModemBaseAddress + 0x0C

Type: WO
Reset: Undefined
Description:
[7:0] ACK: Acknowledge
Clears the overflow, missed and complete flags in register MOD_MAFE_STA.
MOD_BUFF_SIZE Buffer size
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SIZE Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description:
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[7:1] SIZE: Buffer size (the number of 16-bit samples in a buffer)

This value must be a multiple of two.
[0] Reserved
MOD_CTRL_2 Control 2
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CTRL_VAL

Type: WO
Reset: Undefined
Description:
[15:0] CTRL_VAL: Control value to send out to the MAFE interface
MOD_STA Status 2
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
STATUS

Type: RO
Reset: Undefined
Description:
[15:0] STATUS: Status value received from the MAFE interface.

73 Modem analog front-end (MAFE) interface registers STx7100
MOD_RECEIVE0_PTR Receive memory buffer 0 start address
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ADDR Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: Start address of RECEIVE_MEM_BUFF_0.
MOD_RECEIVE1_PTR Receive memory buffer 1 start address
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ADDR Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: Start address of RECEIVE_MEM_BUFF_1.
MOD_TX0_PTR Transmit memory buffer 0 start address

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31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ADDR Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: Start address of TX_MEM_BUFF_0
MOD_TX1_PTR Transmit memory buffer 1 start address
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
ADDR Reserved
Address: ModemBaseAddress + 0x2C

Type: R/W
Reset: Undefined
Description: Start address of TX_MEM_BUFF_1.

STx7100 74 Direct access arrangement modem (DAA)
74 Direct access arrangement modem (DAA)
See Silicon Laboratories Inc. document 32.4 MHz Differential-Link Interface DAA - Embedded
System-Side DAA Module Specification.
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75 Programmable descrambler (PDES) STx7100
75 Programmable descrambler (PDES)
The STx7100 programmable descrambler is responsible for descrambling broadcast content

received in transport streams under the control of the PTI. Descrambling is performed on a packet
by packet basis with the possibility to change the descrambling cipher between each packet if
necessary. Packet payloads are streamed from the PTI descrambled and returned to the PTI for
further processing. The following descrambling ciphers are supported:
● DVB CSA,
● ICAM 2.1,
● FAST-I,
● DES ECB, DES ECB DVS 042, DES CBC, DES CBC DVS 042, DES OFB, DES CTS,
● Multi-2 ECB, Multi-2 ECB DVS 042, Multi-2 CBC, Multi-2 CBC DVS 042, Multi-2 OFB, Multi-2
CTS,
● AES ECB, AES ECB DVS 042, AES CBC, AES CBC DVS 042, AES OFB, AES CTS, AES
DTV.
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STx7100 76 PWM and counter
76 PWM and counter
The STx7100 includes an independent PWM-timer module with two identical channels, each
containing one programmable timer.
The module includes the following functions:
● generates very low PWM frequencies (typically 1 to 8 kHz for a 100 MHz master clock),
● enables generation of PWM waveforms,
● enables generation of an interrupt on a periodic basis with little software intervention, with a
wide periodic range - from a few microseconds to over 100 ms.
There are two completely independent counters with associated prescalers and duty cycle
control, each usable either to generate an interrupt or generate a PWM waveform (or both if
desired - interrupt and PWM periods are identical).
The PWM capture (decoder) inputs are PWM_CAPTUREIN0 and PWM_CAPTUREIN1. The
encoder outputs are PWM_OUT0, PWM_OUT1, PWM_COMPAREOUT0 and
PWM_COMPAREOUT1 (see Section 8.2: Alternative functions on page 78); the interrupt
requests (routed to the ILC) are all made through a single signal, PWM_INT. Register
PWM_INT_STA indicates which event which caused the interrupt. The module is clocked by two
independent clocks, one for capture inputs/timers and one for PWM outputs.
Each capture input can be programmed to detect rising-edge, falling-edge, both edges or neither
edge (disabled) by means of register PWMn_CPT_EDGE.
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76.1 Programmable PWM function

The system clock (100 MHz nominal) is first prescaled (divided) by a factor of 1 to 512 according
to control bits PWMn_VAL, and triggers an 8-bit counter (from 0 to 255). The counter and
prescaler may be stopped by writing 0 to PWM_CTRL.PWM_EN. While disabled, the value in the
counter may be read or written from register PWMn_CNT. Every 256 counts, the counter triggers
the output block to start new pulses.
The prescaler consists of a modulo counter counting from 0 to
PWM_CTRL.PWM_CLK_VAL[7:0] and then rolling over to zero
For example:
CLK_VAL =
0x00: divide by 1 (that is, generated clock = system clock),
0x02: divide by 3 (modulo-3 count, from 0 to 2),
0x0F: divide by 16 (modulo-16 count, from 0 to 15),
0xFF: divide by 256 (modulo-256 count, from 0 to 255),
When PWM_CTRL.PWM_EN is low, the prescaler is disabled and reset. It starts upon the next
rising edge following the setting of the enable bit.
A new PWM pulse is started (PWM_OUTn rises to logic 1) every time the 0-to-255 counter rolls
over. It returns to logic 0 after the number of cycles programmed in register PWMn_VAL + 1.
Therefore PWMn_VAL controls the duty cycle of the PWM signal. For example, if the value
programmed is 127 (that is, half the maximum possible), the resulting output is a 50% duty cycle
waveform; if the value programmed is the maximum (255) the pulse will last for all the 256 cycles
and the resulting output is constantly high. The length of the pulse is updated only upon the last
count, so that the pulse currently executing always finishes before a pulse of different width is
output. Following reset, PWM_OUTn is low.
Figure 265 below shows the generated waveforms.

76 PWM and counter STx7100
76.2 Periodic interrupt generation

Similarly, an interrupt request is raised (PWM_TMR_INTn goes high) when the 0-to-255 rolls
over, provided bit PWM_INT_EN.EN is set. The interrupt request remains active until cleared by
a write access to the corresponding bit in register PWM_INT_ACK (or the interrupt gets
disabled). The status of the interrupt is available to software via register PWM_INT_STA.
Figure 265: PWM-timer periodic interrupt generation waveforms
System clock
Prescaled clock
1 local (prescaled) clock period =

PWM_CLK_VAL_X system clock cycles
PWM_OUTn
(PWMn_VAL +1) local clock period

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256 local clock periods
PWM_INT
(if enabled via

PWM_INT_EN register) Interrupt cleared here through PWM_INT_ACK register
76.3 Capture and compare

The Capture and compare module contains a 32-bit counter, CaptureCount, and four 32-bit
registers: two (PWMn_CPT_VAL) to capture the value of the counter CaptureValn and two,
PWMn_CMP_VAL, to compare with PWMn_CPT_VAL, causing an interrupt when the two values
are equal. The capture and compare module shares the PWM clock source, which can be
prescaled using register PWM_CTRL. This register also contains the capture enable bit,
CPT_EN, which is used to enable the counter.
76.3.1 Capture function

It is possible to select which edge to trigger on (a a capture event) by setting
PWMn_CPT_EDGE. The detection of a capture event for capture register n results in the current
value of CaptureCount being loaded into PWMn_CPT_VAL, and the CPTn_INT bit being set in
register PWM_INT_STA. Interrupts are enabled through register PWM_INT_EN. Bits
PWM_INT_ACK.CPTn_INT are used to reset PWM_INT_STA.CPTn_INT.
Note: The capture signals are synchronized to the system clock domain.
76.3.2 Compare function

There are two compare registers, PWMn_CMP_VAL, each of which can generate an interrupt
when the values of CaptureCount and PWMn_CMP_VAL are equal.

STx7100 77 PWM and counter registers
77 PWM and counter registers
The base address for the PWM-timer, referred to as PWMTimerBaseAddress, is:

0x1801 0000.
Note: The PWM-timer is software compatible with PWM modules present on earlier ST MPEG
decoders in the sense that a routine running on such PWM modules and exploiting only PWM
features (not capture of interrupts) should be transposable as is to run on this PWM-timer.
Table 216: PWM-timer register summary
PWM0_VAL PWM 0 reload value 0x00 R/W
PWM1_VAL PWM 1 reload value 0x04
PWM0_CPT_VAL PWM 0 capture value 0x10 RO
PWM1_CPT_VAL PWM 1 capture value 0x14
PWM0_CMP_VAL PWM 0 compare value 0x20 R/W
PWM1_CMP_VAL PWM 1 compare value 0x24
PWM0_CPT_EDGE PWM 0 capture edge control 0x30

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PWM1_CPT_EDGE PWM 1 capture edge control 0x34
PWM0_CMP_OUT_VAL PWM 0 compare output value 0x40
PWM1_CMP_OUT_VAL PWM 1 compare output value 0x44
PWM_CTRL PWM control 0x50
PWM_INT_EN PWM interrupt enable 0x54
PWM_INT_STA PWM interrupt status 0x58 RO
PWM_INT_ACK PWM interrupt acknowledge 0x5C WO
PWM_CNT PWM count 0x60 R/W
PWM_CPT_CMP_CNT PWM capture/compare counter 0x64
PWM0_VAL PWM 0 reload value
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved PWM0_VAL
Address: PWMTimerBaseAddress + 0x00

Type: R/W
Reset:
Description: PWM0 reload value, defining the duty cycle of output PWM0_OUT as follows:
PWM0_VAL + 1 is the number of local (prescaled) clock cycles for which PWM0_OUT
is high in a period of 256 local (prescaled) clock cycles.

77 PWM and counter registers STx7100
PWM1_VAL PWM 1 reload value
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved PWM1_VAL

Type: R/W
Reset:
Description: PWM1 reload value, defining the duty cycle of output PWM1_OUT as follows:
PWM1VAL + 1 is the number of local (prescaled) clock cycles for which PWM1_OUT is
high in a period of 256 local (prescaled) clock cycles.
PWM0_CPT_VAL PWM 0 capture value
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CPT_VAL
Address: PWMTimerBaseAddress + 0x
Type: RO
Reset:
Description: Value of capture counter 0 when a capture event occurs.
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PWM1_CPT_VAL PWM 1 capture value
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CPT_VAL
Type: RO
Reset:
Description: Value of capture counter 1 when a capture event occurs.
PWM0_CMP_VAL PWM 0 compare value
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CMP_VAL
Type: R/W
Reset:
Description: When the values of PWM0_CPT_VAL and this register are equal, an interrupt is
triggered.

PWM1_CMP_VAL PWM 1 compare value
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CMP_VAL
Type: R/W
Reset:
Description: When the values of PWM1_CPT_VAL and this register are equal, an interrupt is
triggered.
PWM0_CPT_EDGE PWM 0 capture edge control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved CE
Type: R/W
Reset:
Description: Controls the edge used for the capture of the timer in register PWM0_CPT_VAL.
00: Disabled
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01: Rising edge

10: Falling edge
11: Rising or falling edge
PWM1_CPT_EDGE PWM 1 capture edge control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved CE
Type: R/W
Reset:
Description: Controls the edge used for the capture of the timer in register PWM1_CPT_VAL.
00: Disabled
01: Rising edge
10: Falling edge
11: Rising or falling edge
PWM0_CMP_OUT_VAL PWM 0 compare output value
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved CO
Type: R/W
Reset:
Description: On the next compare event, this value is output on the COMPAREOUT0 signal.

PWM1_CMP_OUT_VAL PWM 1 compare output value
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved CO
Type: R/W
Reset:
Description: On the next compare event, this value is output on the COMPAREOUT1 signal.
PWM_CTRL PWM control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
PWM_CLK_VAL[7:4]
PWM_CLK_VAL[3:0]
CPT_CLK_VAL
PWM_EN
CPT_EN
Reserved

Type: R/W
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Reset:
Description:
[31:15] Reserved
[14:11] PWM_CLK_VAL[7:4]
High order bits of the parameter that defines the period of the local prescaled clock for the PWM-timer.
The local clock enable signal is generated upon the prescale counter reaching PWM_CLK_VAL[7:0]. See
[10] CPT_EN
0: Disable capture
1: Enable capture
[9] PWM_EN
0: Prescale counter is cleared and PWM counter is stopped
1: Prescale counter and PWM counter are enabled
[8:4] CPT_CLK_VAL: Capture counter clock prescale value
[3:0] PWM_CLK_VAL[3:0]

PWM_INT_EN PWM interrupt enable
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CMP1_INT_EN
CMP0_INT_EN
CPT1_INT_EN
CPT0_INT_EN
Reserved
EN
Reserved

Type: R/W
Reset:
Description:
[31:7] Reserved
[6] CMP1_INT_EN: Enable compare 1 interrupt
[5] CMP0_INT_EN: Enable compare 0 interrupt
[4:3] Reserved
[2] CPT1_INT_EN: Enable capture 1 interrupt
[1] CPT0_INT_EN: Enable capture 0 interrupt
[0] EN: PWM-timer interrupt enable
0: Interrupts from the PWM-timer are disabled.
1: The PWM-timer generates a high level interrupt as counter 0 rolls over.
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PWM_INT_STA PWM interrupt status
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CMP1_INT
CMP0_INT
CPT1_INT
CPT0_INT
PWM_INT
Reserved
Reserved

Type: RO
Reset:
Description:
[31:7] Reserved
[6] CMP1_INT: Compare 1 interrupt
[5] CMP0_INT: Compare 0 interrupt
[4:3] Reserved
[2] CPT1_INT: Capture 1 interrupt
[1] CPT0_INT: Capture 0 interrupt
[0] PWM_INT: PWM counter interrupt

PWM_INT_ACK PWM interrupt acknowledge
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CMP1_INT
CMP0_INT
CPT1_INT
CPT0_INT
PWM_INT
Reserved
Reserved
Address: PWMTimerBaseAddress + 0x5C

Type: WO
Reset:
Description: Write 1 to clear interrupt.
[31:2] Reserved
[6] CMP1_INT: Compare 1 interrupt acknowledge
[5] CMP0_INT: Compare 0 interrupt acknowledge
[4:3] Reserved
[2] CPT1_INT: Capture 1 interrupt acknowledge
[1] CPT0_INT: Capture 0 interrupt acknowledge
[0] PWM_INT: PWM counter interrupt acknowledge
PWM_CNT PWM count

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31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved PWM_CNT

Type: R/W (see text)
Reset:
Description:
[31:8] Reserved
[7:0] PWM_CNT: Direct access to the PWM counter
Write access (to preset a value for example) is only possible when the PWM-timer is disabled
(PWM_CTRL.PWM_EN = 0).
PWM_CPT_CMP_CNT PWM capture/compare counter
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
CPT_CMP_CNT
Type: R/W
Reset:
Description: Counter used in capture and compare mode. Unlike the PWM counter, this can be
accessed when the counter is enabled.

STx7100 78 Serial ATA (SATA) host
78 Serial ATA (SATA) host
78.1 Glossary
ATA AT attachment
SATA Serial ATA interface
ATAPI AT attachment packet interface
FIS Frame information structure
DWORD SATA work size, 32 bits
AHB Advanced high performance bus
DMA Direct memory access
PHY SATA physical layer
LL Logical link layer
TL Transport layer
BIU Bus interface unit
IPF Interrupt pending flag
ICM Interconnect matrix
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78.2 References
The SATA interface is based on a host controller block from Synopsys, Inc. For full details, see
the following Synopsys documents:
● DesignWare SATA Host Core Databook
● DesignWare DW_ahb_dmac Databook
The interface is compliant with the serial ATA specifications for SATA II. See:
● Serial ATA II: Extensions to serial ATA 1.0a specification,
● Serial ATA 1.0a: Serial ATA 1.0a specification.
Both these specifications are available from www.serialata.org.

PCB layout recommendations for SATA signals are given in Chapter 15: PCB layout

78 Serial ATA (SATA) host STx7100
78.3 Overview
Figure 266: SATA host block diagram
To hard
drive
SATA interrupt TXP
SATA PHY TXN

host
control
RXP
DMA RXN
PLL
STBus 1.5 GHz
30 MHz to USB
The STx7100 integrates a single serial ATA (SATA) host and PHY for a glueless interface to a
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SATA hard disk drive for DVR applications. The SATA host interface features:
● integrated PHY, configured to perform 8 - 10 bit encode/decode, with 16-bit decoded data
interfaces to the SATA controller,
● 1.5 GHz PLL,
● SATA controller with integrated DMA engine.

STx7100 78 Serial ATA (SATA) host
78.3.1 External interface

The SATA host signals are described in Table 217.
Table 217: SATA interface signals
Signal Dir Function
SATAXTAL1a I/O In oscillator mode, input pin for 30 MHz quartz.

REFCLKN differential input when BYPASS_OSC is high
SATAXTAL2a I/O In oscillator mode, input pin for 30 MHz quartz.

REFCLKP differential input when BYPASS_OSC is high
SATATXP O Positive differential output for serialized data on transmit (high when data bit at 1)
SATATXN O Negative differential output for serialized data on transmit (low when data bit at 1)
SATARXN I Negative differential input for serialized data on receive (low when data bit at 1)
SATARXP I Positive differential input for serialized data on receive (high when data bit at 1)
SATAVSSREF I/O External reference resistor is connected between this pin and VSSREF to provide
a resistor reference for the compensation block.
a. Not brought out to a pin on the STx7100.
78.4 DMA data transfers

The embedded host controller is coupled to the STBus via a local DMA controller that provides
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bulk data transfers between the SATA host and the external DDR memory. The data transfer
sequence is listed below.
1. The SATA host initializes and enables the DMA controller for a given transfer.
2. The SATA host issues a bulk transfer command to the DMA controller.
3. The command is executed and SATA host is notified that data is ready to be sent or
received.
4. 4. During a read operation, data is read from the external HDD and written to the external
DDR memory via the host controller.
5. 5. During a write operation, a DMA activate or a DMA setup, the SATA host sends data to
the external HDD.
6. During such a transfer the host controller is in a BUSY state
7. The host controller returns to IDLE when all of the data block has been transmitted or
received.
78.5 SATA host controller

The SATA host controller operates in three modes.
● Transmit: the DMA writes to the host controller when the host controller’s transmit FIFO has
space available. After receiving a write request from the DMA controller, the SATA host
controller receives data from the STBus in one block chunks. While a data block is being
received the SATA host controller is in a BUSY state.
● Receive: The DMA reads from the host controller when the host controller’s receive FIFO
starts to fill. The STBus is requested and the DMA controller transfers data from the SATA
host controller to the STBus in one block chunks. While a data block is being received the
SATA host controller is in a BUSY state.
● PIO mode: in SATA PIO mode data is read from and written to the STBus.

78 Serial ATA (SATA) host STx7100
78.6 Low power management

Power states are controlled by the host driver and the STx7100. The SATA host interface
supports the following three power states.
● PHY ready: the PHY and the main PLL are both active. The interface is synchronized and
ready to receive and send data.
● Partial: the PHY is powered but is in a reduced power state. Both signals on the interface
are in a neutral state. The exit latency from this state is not longer than 10 µs. High selects
partial power management mode. The cable interface is quiet (no differential transitions).
The SRC_CLK is running at 30 MHz.
● Slumber: the PHY is powered but in a reduced power state. Both signals on the interface
are in a neutral state. The exit latency from this state is not longer than 10 ms. High selects
low power management mode. The cable interface is quiet (no differential transitions) and
the PHY is shut down. The SRC_CLK runs at 30 MHz.
78.7 Interrupt management

The SATA host interface outputs two interrupts.
● DMA interrupt request (SATA_DMA): This signal is asserted when any unmasked DMA
interrupt status register is set.
● Host controller interrupt request (SATA_HC): This signal is asserted when any
unmasked SATA host interrupt pending register is set.
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STx7100 79 Serial ATA (SATA) registers
79 Serial ATA (SATA) registers
Register addresses are provided as SATABaseAddress + offset.

The SATABaseAddress is:
0x1920 9000.
Note: The areas not allocated are reserved and must not be accessed.
Table 218: DMA controller register summary
Register Description Offset Default Type

Channel
SAR0 Channel 0 source address 0x400 0x0000 0000 R/W
DAR0 Channel 0 destination address 0x408
LLP0 Reserved - - -
CTL0_MSB Channel 0 control 0x41C 0x0000 0002a R/W
CTL0_LSB Channel 0 control 0x418 0x003 04825a

SSTAT0 Reserved - - -
DSTAT0
SSTATAR0
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DSTATAR0
CFG0_MSB Channel 0 configuration 0x444 0x0000 0004 R/W
CFG0_LSB Channel 0 configuration 0x440 0x0000 0C00
SGR0 Reserved - - -
DSR0
Interrupt
RAW_TFR Raw status for INTTFR interrupt 0x6C0 0x0000 0000 RO
RAW_BLOCK Raw status for INTBLOCK interrupt 0x6C8
RAW_SRC_TRAN Raw status for INTSRCTRAN interrupt 0x6D0
RAW_DST_TRAN Raw status for INTDSTTRAN interrupt 0x6D8
RAW_ERR Raw status for INTERR interrupt 0x6E0
TFR_STA Status for INTTFR 0x6E8
BLOCK_STA Status for INTBLOCK interrupt 0x6f0
SRC_TRAN_STA Status for INTSRCTRAN interrupt 0x6F8
DST_TRAN_STA Status for INTDSTTRAN interrupt 0x700
ERR_STA Status for INTERR interrupt 0x708
MASK_TFR Mask for INTTFR interrupt 0x710 0x0000 0000 R/W
MASK_BLK Mask for INTBLOCK interrupt 0x718
MASK_SRC_TRAN Mask for INTSRCTRAN interrupt 0x720
MASK_DST_TRAN Mask for INTDSTTRAN interrupt 0x728
MASK_ERR Mask for INTERR interrupt 0x730

79 Serial ATA (SATA) registers STx7100
Table 218: DMA controller register summary
Register Description Offset Default Type

CLEAR_TFR Clear for INTTFR interrupt 0x738 0x0000 0000 WO
CLEAR_BLOCK Clear for INTBLOCK interrupt 0x740
CLEAR_SRC_TRAN Clear for INTSRCTRAN interrupt 0x748
CLEAR_DSTTRAN Clear for INTDSTTRAN interrupt 0x750
CLEAR_ERR Clear for INTERR interrupt 0x758
STATUS_INT Status for each interrupt type 0x760 0x0000 0000 RO
Software handshaking
REQSRC Reserved - - -
REQDST
SGLREQSRC
SGLREQDST
LSTSRC
LSTDST
Miscellaneous
DMA_CFG DMAC configuration 0x798 0x0000 0000 R/W
CH_EN DMAC channel enable 0x7A0
Reserved 0x7A8 - 0x7F8 - -
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a. Fixed values which must not be changed.
Table 219: SATA host controller register summary
Width
Register Offset Description Default Type
(bits)
Shadow ATA/ATAPI: CDR - command block, CLR - control block
CDR0 0x800 PIO mode: data 0xXXXX 16 RO/WO
Read only for PIO read/receive operation,
write only for PIO write/transmit operation.
DMA mode: FIFO location 0xXXXX XXXX 16/32 RO/WO
Read only for DMA read/receive
operation, write only for DMA write/
transmit operation.
CDR1 0x804 Error 0xFF 8 RO
Feature (current value) 0x00 8 WO
Feature expanded (previous value) 0x00
CDR2 0x808 Sector count (current value) 0xFF 8 R/W
Sector count expanded (previous value)
CDR3 0x80C Sector number (current value)
Sector number expanded (previous value)
CDR4 0x810 Cylinder low (current value)
Cylinder low expanded (previous value)
CDR5 0x814 Cylinder high (current value)
Cylinder high expanded (previous value)
CDR6 0x818 Device/head 0xEF

STx7100 79 Serial ATA (SATA) registers
Table 219: SATA host controller register summary
Width
Register Offset Description Default Type
(bits)
CDR7 0x81C Status 0x7Fa 8 RO
Command 0x00 8 WO
CLR0 0x820 Alternative status 0x7F 8 RO
Device control 0x00 8 WO
SATA
SCR0 0x824 SStatus 0x0000 0000 32 RO
SCR1 0x828 SError 0x0000 0000 32 R/W
SCR2 0x82C SControl
SCR3 0x830 SActive
SCR4 0x834 SNotification
Reserved 0x838 - 0x860 - - - -
SATA host
FPTAGR 0x864 First party DMA tag 0x0000 0000 32 RO
FPBOR 0x868 First party DMA buffer offset
FPTCR 0x86C First party DMA transfer count
DMACR 0x870 DMA control 0x0000 0000 32 R/W
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DBTSR 0x874 DMA burst transaction size 0x0014 0010

INTPR 0x878 Interrupt pending 0x0000 0000
INTMR 0x87C Interrupt mask
ERRMR 0x880 Error mask
LLCR 0x884 Link layer control 0x0000 0007
PHYCR 0x888 PHY control 0x0003 801Cb
PHYSR 0x88C PHY status 0x0000 0000 32 RO
Reserved 0x890 - 0x8F4 - - - -
VERSIONR 0x8F8 SATA host version, version = 0x3130 302Ac 32 RO
HSATA_VERSION_NUM
IDR 0x8FC SATA host ID. ID = HSATA_ID_NUM 0x100A 0208c 32
Reserved 0x900 - 0xBFF Access results in bus ERROR response - - -
a. Status (CDR7) and Alternative status (CLR0) registers are set to 0x7F on power-up, then 0x80
when device presence is detected via PHY READY condition.
b. For cut 1.x, this value must be changed to 0x0013 704A for correct operation; however, for cut 2
onwards, the default value must not be changed.
c. Fixed value which must not be changed.
For more details on programming these registers, see the Synopsys documents listed in
Chapter 78: Serial ATA (SATA) host on page 903.

80 Smartcard interface STx7100
80 Smartcard interface
80.1 Overview
The smartcard interface supports asynchronous protocol smartcards as defined in the ISO7816-3
standard. Limited support for synchronous smartcards can be provided in software by using the PIO
bits to provide the clock, reset, and I/O functions on the interface to the card. Two smartcard
interfaces are supported on the STx7100. Each of these interfaces is able to automatically detect
and removes power to the smartcard when smartcard removal is detected.
The UART function of the smartcard interface is provided by a UART (ASC). UART ASC0 can be
used by smartcard0 and ASC1 can be used by smartcard1.
Each ASC used by a smartcard interface must be configured as eight data bits plus parity, 0.5 or
1.5 stop bits, with smartcard mode enabled. A 16-bit counter, the smartcard clock generator,
divides down either the comms clock, or an external clock connected to a pin shared with a PIO
bit, to provide the clock to the smartcard. PIO bits in conjunction with software are used to
provide the rest of the functions required to interface to the smartcard. The inverse signalling
convention, as defined in ISO7816-3, is handled in software, inverted data and most significant
bit first. For more information, see Chapter 61: Asynchronous serial controller (ASC)
on page 769 and Chapter 25: Programmable I/O (PIO) ports on page 213.
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80.2 External interface

The smartcard pin functions are described in the table below (which may be read in conjunction
with the PIO assignment table given in Chapter 9: Connections on page 83.
Table 220: Smartcard interface pins
Pins In/Outa Function

SC0_CLKOUT (PIO0 [3]) Out, open drain for Clock for smartcard
SC1_CLKOUT (PIO1 [3]) 5 V cards
SC1_EXT_CLK (PIO1 [2]) In Optional external clock input to smartcard clock divider #1
SC0_DATA_OUT (PIO0 [0]) Out, open drain Serial data output. Open drain drive
SC1_DATA_OUT (PIO1 [0]) driver
SC0_DATA_IN (PIO0 [1]) In Serial data input
SC1_DATA_IN (PIO1 [1])
SC0_DIR (PIO0 [6]) Out Indicates if the smartcard is operating in serial data output
SC1_DIR (PIO1 [6]) (open drain drive) mode or serial data input mode.
SC_COND_VCC (PIO0 [5]) Out Supply voltage enable/disable
SC_DETECT (PIO0 [7]) In Smartcard detection
a. The indicated directions are not set by default. They must be programmed in the PIO
configuration registers, since smartcard interfaces are multiplexed as PIO alternate
functions.
All smartcard interface signals are provided by alternate functions of the PIO pins. The
UARTn_TXD data signal is connected to the SCn_DATA pin with the correct driver type and the
clock generator is connected to the SCn_CLK pin.
The ISO standard defines the bit times for the asynchronous protocol in ETUs, which are related
to the clock frequency received by the card. One bit time = one ETU.

STx7100 80 Smartcard interface
The ASC transmitter output and receiver input must be connected together externally. For the
transmission of data from the STx7100 to the smartcard, the ASC must be set up in smartcard
mode.
Figure 267: ISO 7816-3 asynchronous protocol
S a b c d e f g h P
Line is pulled low by the receiver

Start Parity 11 ETU during stop bits if there is a parity
8 data bits error.
bit bit
80.3 Smartcard clock generator

The smartcard clock generator provides a clock signal to the smartcard. The smartcard uses this
clock to derive the baudrate clock for the serial I/O between the smartcard and another UART.
The clock is also used for the CPU in the card, if there is one present.
Operation of the smartcard interface requires that the clock rate to the card is adjusted while the
CPU in the card is running code, so that the baudrate can be changed or the performance of the
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card can be increased. The protocols that govern the negotiation of these clock rates and the
altering of the clock rate are detailed in the ISO7816-3 standard. The clock is used as the comms
clock for the smartcard, so updates to the clock rate must be synchronized with the clock to the
smartcard. This means the clock high or low pulse widths must not be shorter than either the old
or new programmed value.
The source of the smartcard clock generator (that is, glitch free divider) can be set to the
100 MHz system clock or, alternatively, an external reference. For the first smartcard interface
this alternate source is a dedicated programmable frequency synthesizer. Refer to
Chapter 17: Clocks on page 147 for frequency programming details. For the second smartcard
interface this alternate source is SC1_EXTCLKIN on PIO1[2].
Two registers control the period of the generated clock and the running of the clock.
● The SCI_n_CLKVAL register determines the smartcard clock frequency. The value given in
the register is multiplied by two to give the division factor of the input clock frequency. The
divider is updated with the new value for the divider ratio on the next rising or falling edge of
the output clock.
● The SCI_n_CLKCON register controls the source of the clock and determines whether the
smartcard clock output is enabled. The programmable divider and the output are reset when
the ENABLE bit is set to 0.

80 Smartcard interface STx7100
80.4 Smartcard removal and power control

A smartcard VCC control signal (‘SC_COND_VCC’ alternate out on PIO0) may be directly
generated from the smartcard detect input (‘SC_DETECT’ alternate input on PIO0) under
configuration bit control. The figure below illustrates the required functionality. It is still possible to
read by software PIO bit 7 (SC_DETECT) like a normal PIO at the same time. The polarity of the
detect is also programmable. This functionality is selected by two configuration bits part of the
top level configuration registers, see Chapter 6: System configuration registers on page 46.
In this way, SC_COND_VCC can be directly generated from the interrupt input used as
smartcard detect, so that power is automatically shut off when smartcard removal is detected.
A single smartcard detect input and a single conditional VCC control signal are provided. These
signals can be used in conjunction with either the first or the second smartcard interface.
Figure 268: Smartcard VCC control
PIO0[7] (input) SC_DETECT_POL

(SC_DETECT) (configuration bit)
COMMS/PIO
SC_COND_VCC_EN
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Alt PIO0[5]
(configuration bit)
PIO0[5] (output)
SC_COND_VCC PIO0[5]

STx7100 81 Smartcard interface registers
81 Smartcard interface registers
Register addresses are provided as SmartcardnBaseAddress + offset.

The SmartcardnBaseAddresses are:
SCG0: 0x1804 8000,
SCG1: 0x1804 9000.
See also Chapter 6: System configuration registers on page 46.
Table 221: Smartcard register summary
SCI_n_CLK_VAL Smartcard n clock 0x00 R/W
SCI_n_CLK_CTRL Smartcard n clock control 0x04 R/W
SCI_n_CLK_VAL Smartcard n clock
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Reserved SCnCLK_VAL
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Address: SmartcardnBaseAddress + 0x00

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register determines the smartcard clock frequency. The 5-bit value given in the
register is multiplied by 2 to give the division factor of the input clock frequency. For
example, if SCnCLKVAL= 8 then the input clock frequency is divided by 16. The value
“zero” must not be written into this register.
The divider is updated with the new value for the divider ratio on the next rising or falling
edge of the output clock.
SCI_n_CLK_CTRL Smartcard n clock control
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
SRC
EN
Reserved
Address: SmartcardnBaseAddress + 0x04

Type: R/W
Reset: 0
Description: This register controls the source of the clock and determines whether the smartcard
clock output is enabled. The programmable divider and the output are reset when bit
ENABLE is set to 0.
[31:2] Reserved
Write 0.
[1] EN: Smartcard clock generator enable bit
0: Stop clock, set output low and reset divider 1: Enable clock generator
[0] SOURCE: Selects source of smartcard clock
0: Selects global clock 1: Selects external pin

82 Test access port (TAP) STx7100
82 Test access port (TAP)
The STx7100 TAP conforms to IEEE standard 1149.1, and includes device ID information. Pins
are listed in Table 222. TCK can be stopped in either logic state.
Table 222: TAP pins
Pin In/out Pull up/down Description

TDI In Up Test data input
TDO Out Test data output
TMS In Up Test mode select
TCK In Up Test clock
TRST In Up Test logic reset
The instruction register is five bits long, with no parity. The pattern 0 0001 is loaded into the
register during the capture-IR state.
There are four defined public instructions, see Table 223. All other instruction codes are
reserved.
Table 223: Instruction codes

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Instruction code a Instruction Selected register

0 0 0 0 0 extest BOUNDARY_SCAN
0 0 0 1 0 idcode IDENTIFICATION
0 0 0 1 1 sample/preload BOUNDARY_SCAN
1 1 1 1 1 bypass BYPASS
a. MSB... LSB; LSB closest to TDO.
There are three test data registers; BYPASS, BOUNDARY_SCAN and IDENTIFICATION. These
registers operate according to IEEE 1149.1. The operation of the BOUNDARY_SCAN register is
defined in the BSDL description.
The identification code is 0xn0D4 4041, where n is the four-bit silicon revision number.
Table 224: Identification code
Bit 31 Bit 0 a
STMicroelectronics b
Mask rev Division code Device code
manufacturers ID
n D 4 2 4 0 4 1
a. Closest to TDO
b. Defined as 1 in IEEE 1149.1 standard

STx7100 83 USB 2.0 host (USBH)
83 USB 2.0 host (USBH)
83.1 Overview
This chapter describes the functional operation of the universal serial bus host (USBH) interface
module.
The interface works with an embedded microcore. It is compliant with both the EHCI and OHCI
(USB 2.0 and USB 1.1) bus control standards, supporting low, full and high speed, isochronous,
bulk, interrupt and control transfers. It supports up to sixteen endpoints and initiates DMA
transactions on the STBus to access memory.
There are four main areas of a USB system:
● the client software and USB driver,
● host controller driver (HCD),
● host controller (HC),
● USB device.
The client software, USB driver and host controller driver are implemented in software. The host
controller and USB device are implemented in hardware.
The USBH provides the features listed below.
● USB 2.0 EHCI host controller
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• Compliant with EHCI and USB 2.0 specifications (see Section 83.1.1).
• High speed (480 Mbit/s) transmissions.
• Microframe caching.
• USB 2.0 PING and SPLIT transactions.
• Power management capabilities.
• Port router interfaces to USB 1.1 host controller.
● USB 1.1 OHCI host controller
• Compliant with OHCI specification (see Section 83.1.1).

• Low speed (1.5 Mbit/s) and full speed (12 Mbit/s) transmissions.
• Power management capabilities.
PCB Layout recommendations for USB2.0 signals are given in Chapter 15: PCB layout
83.1.1 References
For further details of USB functionality the references below can be downloaded from
www.usb.org.
● Universal Serial Bus Specification, revision 2.0,
● Enhanced Host Controller Interface Specification for Universal Serial Bus, revision 1.0,
● Universal Serial Bus Specification, revision 1.1,
● OpenHCI Open Host Controller Interface Specification for USB, revision 1.0a.

83 USB 2.0 host (USBH) STx7100
83.2 Operation
The USB connects devices with the host. The USB 2.0 host controller includes one high-speed
mode host controller and one USB 1.1 host controller (see Figure 269). The high-speed host
controller implements an EHCI interface. It is used for all high-speed communications to high-speed
mode devices connected to the root ports of the USB 2.0 host controller. This allows
communications to full- and low-speed devices connected to the root ports of the USB 2.0 host
controller to be provided by the companion USB 1.1 host controller.
Figure 269: USB host controller
30 MHz from SATA PHY
USB host controller
PLL 60 MHz
USB 1.1
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OHCI DP
STBus
Bus USB device
PHY DM
interface
USB 2.0
EHCI
OVER_CURR
Alt function
MUXing
PWR_CTRL
The USB 1.1 host controller has no knowledge of the high-speed mode host controller.
High-speed devices are routed to and controlled by the USB 2.0 host controller. When running
and configured, the USB 2.0 HC is the default owner of all the root ports. The USB 2.0 HC and its
driver initially detect all devices attached. If the attached device is not a high-speed device, the
USB 2.0 HC driver releases ownership of the port and control of the device to a companion host
controller. For that port, enumeration starts over from the initial attach detect point and the device
is enumerated under the USB 1.1 HC. Otherwise, the USB 2.0 HC retains ownership of the port
and the device completes enumeration under the USB 2.0 HC.

83.3 Bus topology

The USB physical interconnect has a tiered star topology. A hub is at the center of each star.
Each wire segment is a point-to-point connection between the host and a hub or function, or a
hub connected to another hub or function.The system can support up to 127 nodes, although a
performance limitation must be accepted as the depth of the tier hierarchy increases
In USB 2.0, the maximum number of tiers allowed is seven (including the root tier). Note that in
seven tiers, five nonroot hubs maximum can be supported in a communication path between the
host and any device. A compound device occupies two tiers. Therefore, it cannot be enabled if
attached at tier level seven. Only functions can be enabled in tier seven bus protocol.
Figure 270: Bus topology
Host Host root tier

root hub
Tier 1
Tier 2
Hub 1
Hub 2 Func Func Tier 3

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Hub 3 Hub 4 Func Func Tier 4
Func Func Tier 5

Hub 5
Hub 6 Hub 7 Compound device Tier 6
Func
Tier 7
The USB is a polled bus and the host controller initiates all data transfers. All bus transactions on
the USB 1.1 and most bus transactions on the USB 2.0 involve the transmission of up to three
packets. Bus transactions of four packets manage data transfers between the USB 2.0 host and
full- or low-speed devices.
Each transaction begins when the host controller, on a scheduled basis, sends a USB packet
describing:
● the type and direction of transaction,
● the USB device address,
● endpoint number.
This packet is referred to as the token packet.

The USB device that is addressed selects itself by decoding the appropriate address fields. In a
given transaction, data is transferred either from the host to a device or from a device to the host.
The direction of data transfer is specified in the token packet. The source of the transaction then
sends a data packet or indicates it has no data to transfer. The destination, in general, responds
with a handshake packet indicating whether the transfer was successful.

83 USB 2.0 host (USBH) STx7100
This is the template for all data transfer over the USB, regardless of the data type. Figure 271
describes the process.
Figure 271: USB packet description
Transaction 1 Transaction 2 Transaction 3 Transaction 4
Token Data payload Handshake
Bus transaction
USB protocol generation is handled in the HC by various state machines. The host controller
driver (HCD) provides the specific instructions for the type of data to send and the target
address. The HC provides all the protocol layer application of packets when sending data to the
peripheral, and also the stripping off of protocol packets when receiving data from the peripheral.
The major functional blocks of the USB system are:
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● client software and USB device driver (application software driver),
● host controller driver (HC software driver),
● host controller interface (bus wrapper layer between HCD and HC),
● host controller,
● USB device (peripheral application).
The host controller driver and host controller work in tandem to transfer data between client
software and a USB device. Data is translated between shared-memory data structures at the
client software end to USB signal protocols at the USB device end.

83.4 Data transfers

The USB 2.0 host manages all interrupt, bulk and control transfer types using a simple buffer
queue. The queue provides automatic, in-order streaming of data transfers. Software can
asynchronously add data buffers to a queue and maintain streaming. USB-defined short packet
semantics are fully supported on all processing boundary conditions without software
intervention.
Split transactions for USB 1.1 full- and low-speed non-isochronous endpoints are managed with
the same registers. The split transaction protocol is managed as a simple extension to the
high-speed execution model.
High-speed and full-speed isochronous transfers are managed using dedicated (and different)
registers. These data structures are optimized for variability of the data payload and
time-oriented characteristics of the isochronous transfer type.
Figure 272: USB 1.1 communications channels
Operational registers Host controller

communications area
Mode
HCCA Interrupt 0
Status Interrupt 1
Event ------
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Frame Int Interrupt 31

Ratio
Control
Bulk
Done
OHCI device register

in memory space Shared RAM

84 USB 2.0 host (USBH) registers STx7100
84 USB 2.0 host (USBH) registers
There are two sets of registers implemented in the in the USB 2.0 host: OHCI (USB 1.1) and
EHCI (USB 2).
OHCIBaseAddress + offset,
EHCIBaseAddress + offset, or
The OHCIBufferBaseAddress is:
0x191F FC00.
The EHCIBaseAddress is:
0x191F FE00.
Registers in Table 225: USB 1.1 host register summary are detailed in the OpenHCI Open Host
Controller Interface Specification for USB, revision 1.0a.
Registers in Table 226: USB 2.0 host register summary are detailed in the Enhanced Host
Controller Interface Specification for Universal Serial Bus, revision 1.0.
All registers are 32-bit.
Table 225: USB 1.1 host register summary
Type Type
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Register Description Offset

(HCD) (HC)
OHCI_HC_REV Version number of HC 0x00 RO RO
OHCI_HC_CTRL Operating modes for HC 0x04 R/W R/W
OHCI_HC_CMD_STA Shows status and receives commands from HCD 0x08 R/W R/W
OHCI_HC_INT_STA Status of events causing interrupts 0x0C R/W R/W
OHCI_HC_INT_EN Enables interrupt generation for various events 0x10 R/W RO
OHCI_HC_INT_DISABLE Enables interrupt generation for various events 0x14 R/W RO
OHCI_HC_HCCA HC communication area 0x18 R/W RO
OHCI_HC_PER_CURRENTED Current endpoint descriptor 0x1C RO R/W
OHCI_HC_CTRL_HEADED First endpoint descriptor of control list 0x20 R/W RO
OHCI_HC_CTRL_CURRENTED Current endpoint descriptor of control list 0x24 R/W R/W
OHCI_HC_BULK_HEADED First endpoint descriptor of bulk list 0x28 R/W RO
OHCI_HC_BULK_CURRENTED Current endpoint descriptor of bulk list 0x2C R/W R/W
OHCI_HC_DONE_HEAD Last completed transfer descriptor 0x30 RO R/W
OHCI_HC_FM_INTERVAL Frame time interval 0x34 R/W RO
OHCI_HC_FM_REMAINING Time remaining in the frame 0x38 RO R/W
OHCI_HC_FM_NUMBER Frame number 0x3C RO R/W
OHCI_HC_PERIC_START Earliest time HC can process periodic list 0x40 R/W RO
OHCI_HC_LS_THOLD Packet transfer threshold 0x44 R/W RO
OHCI_HC_RHDESCRIPTORA Description A of root hub 0x48 R/W RO
OHCI_HC_RHDESCRIPTORB Description B of root hub 0x4C R/W RO

STx7100 84 USB 2.0 host (USBH) registers
Type Type
Register Description Offset
(HCD) (HC)
OHCI_HC_RH_STA Hub status/change 0x50 R/W, R/W,

RO, RO
WO
OHCI_HC_RHPRT_STA_1 Control and report port events 0x54 R/W R/W
EHCI_HCAPBASE Capability register 0x00 RO
EHCI_HCSPARAMS Host controller structural parameters 0x04 ROa
EHCI_HCCPARAMS Host controller capability parameters 0x08 RO
EHCI_USBCMD USB EHCI command 0x10 R/W, RO
EHCI_USBSTS USB EHCI status 0x14 R/WC, RO
EHCI_USB_INT_EN USB EHCI interrupt enable 0x18 R/W
EHCI_FRINDEX USB EHCI frame index 0x1C R/W

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EHCI_CTRLDS_SEG Control data structure segment 0x20 R/W
EHCI_PER_ICLISTBASE Periodic frame list base address 0x24 R/W
EHCI_ASYNCLIST_ADDR Next asynchronous list address 0x28 R/W
EHCI_CFG_FLAG Configure flag register 0x50 R/WC, R/W, RO
EHCI_PORTSC_0 Port 0 status and control 0x54 R/W
EHCI_INSNREG00 Programmable microframe base value 0x90 R/W
EHCI_INSNREG01 Programmable packet buffer out/in threshold 0x94 R/W
EHCI_INSNREG02 Programmable packet buffer length (reserved) 0x98 R/W
EHCI_INSNREG03 Break memory transfer 0x9C R/W
EHCI_INSNREG04 Debug - reserved 0xA0 R/W
EHCI_INSNREG05 UTMI control and status 0xA4 R/W
a. May be written when the WRT_RDONLY bit is set.

STx7100
Part 9
End notes
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STx7100 85 Register index
85 Register index
ASC_n_BAUDRATE . . . . . . . . . . . . 783 AUD_PCMOUT1_IT_EN_SET . . . . . 750

ASC_n_CTRL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786 AUD_PCMOUT1_ITS. . . . . . . . . . . . 748
ASC_n_GUARDTIME . . . . . . . . . . . 789 AUD_PCMOUT1_ITS_CLR . . . . . . . 749
ASC_n_INT_EN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787 AUD_PCMOUT1_RST . . . . . . . . . . . 748
ASC_n_INT_STA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788 AUD_PCMOUT1_STA . . . . . . . . . . . 752
ASC_n_RETRIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 790 AUD_SPDIF_CL1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761
ASC_n_RX_BUFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785 AUD_SPDIF_CL2_CR2_UV . . . . . . 762
ASC_n_RX_RST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789 AUD_SPDIF_CR1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761
ASC_n_TIMEOUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789 AUD_SPDIF_CTRL . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759
ASC_n_TX_BUFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784 AUD_SPDIF_DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 754
ASC_n_TX_RST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789 AUD_SPDIF_FRA_LEN_BST . . . . . 762
AUD_ADAC_CTRL . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742 AUD_SPDIF_IT_EN . . . . . . . . . . . . . 756
AUD_FSYN_CFG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737 AUD_SPDIF_IT_EN_CLR . . . . . . . . 758
AUD_FSYN0_MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738 AUD_SPDIF_IT_EN_SET . . . . . . . . 757
AUD_FSYN0_PE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738 AUD_SPDIF_ITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 754
AUD_FSYN0_PROG_EN . . . . . . . . 739 AUD_SPDIF_ITS_CLR . . . . . . . . . . 755
AUD_FSYN0_SDIV . . . . . . . . . . . . . 738 AUD_SPDIF_PA_PB . . . . . . . . . . . . 760
AUD_FSYN1_MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739 AUD_SPDIF_PAU_LAT . . . . . . . . . . 762
AUD_FSYN1_PE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739 AUD_SPDIF_PC_PD . . . . . . . . . . . . 761
AUD_FSYN1_PROG_EN . . . . . . . . 740 AUD_SPDIF_RST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 754
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AUD_FSYN1_SDIV . . . . . . . . . . . . . 740 AUD_SPDIF_STA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760

AUD_FSYN2_MD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 740 AWG_CTRL_0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638
AUD_FSYN2_PE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741 AWG_RAMn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638
AUD_FSYN2_PROG_EN . . . . . . . . 741 BLT_ACK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482
AUD_FSYN2_SDIV . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741 BLT_CCO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476
AUD_IO_CTRL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742 BLT_CML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
AUD_PCMIN_CTRL . . . . . . . . . . . . 765 BLT_CTRL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
AUD_PCMIN_DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . 763 BLT_CWO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
AUD_PCMIN_FMT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767 BLT_CWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
AUD_PCMIN_IT_EN . . . . . . . . . . . . 764 BLT_FF0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480
AUD_PCMIN_IT_EN_CLR . . . . . . . 765 BLT_FF1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480
AUD_PCMIN_IT_EN_SET . . . . . . . 764 BLT_FF2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481
AUD_PCMIN_ITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763 BLT_FF3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481
AUD_PCMIN_ITS_CLR. . . . . . . . . . 764 BLT_HFCn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 487
AUD_PCMIN_RST . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763 BLT_HFP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
AUD_PCMIN_STA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766 BLT_INS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465
AUD_PCMOUT0_CTRL . . . . . . . . . 746 BLT_KEY1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
AUD_PCMOUT0_DATA . . . . . . . . . 743 BLT_KEY2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
AUD_PCMOUT0_FMT . . . . . . . . . . 747 BLT_NIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464
AUD_PCMOUT0_IT_EN . . . . . . . . . 744 BLT_PKZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485
AUD_PCMOUT0_IT_EN_CLR . . . . 745 BLT_PMK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
AUD_PCMOUT0_IT_EN_SET . . . . 745 BLT_RSF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
AUD_PCMOUT0_ITS . . . . . . . . . . . 743 BLT_RST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
AUD_PCMOUT0_ITS_CLR. . . . . . . 744 BLT_RZC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478
AUD_PCMOUT0_RST . . . . . . . . . . 743 BLT_S1BA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
AUD_PCMOUT0_STA. . . . . . . . . . . 746 BLT_S1CF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468
AUD_PCMOUT1_CTRL . . . . . . . . . 751 BLT_S1SZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468
AUD_PCMOUT1_DATA . . . . . . . . . 748 BLT_S1TY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
AUD_PCMOUT1_FMT . . . . . . . . . . 753 BLT_S1XY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467
AUD_PCMOUT1_IT_EN . . . . . . . . . 749 BLT_S2BA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
AUD_PCMOUT1_IT_EN_CLR . . . . 750 BLT_S2CF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472

85 Register index STx7100
BLT_S2SZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .472 CKGB_FS0_SDIV3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

BLT_S2TY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .470 CKGB_FS1_CFG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
BLT_S2XY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471 CKGB_FS1_MD1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
BLT_STA1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .463 CKGB_FS1_MD2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
BLT_STA2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .463 CKGB_FS1_MD3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
BLT_STA3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .464 CKGB_FS1_MD4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
BLT_STB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .485 CKGB_FS1_PE1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
BLT_TBA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .472 CKGB_FS1_PE2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
BLT_TTY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .474 CKGB_FS1_PE3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
BLT_TXY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .473 CKGB_FS1_PE4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
BLT_USR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465 CKGB_FS1_PRG_EN1 . . . . . . . . . . 179
BLT_VFCn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488 CKGB_FS1_PRG_EN2 . . . . . . . . . . 180
BLT_VFP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .479 CKGB_FS1_PRG_EN3 . . . . . . . . . . 181
BLT_XYL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .484 CKGB_FS1_PRG_EN4 . . . . . . . . . . 182
BLT_XYP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484 CKGB_FS1_PWR_DN . . . . . . . . . . 183
C656_ACTL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .629 CKGB_FS1_SDIV1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
C656_BACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630 CKGB_FS1_SDIV2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
C656_BLANKL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630 CKGB_FS1_SDIV3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
C656_EACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630 CKGB_FS1_SDIV4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
C656_PAL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .630 CKGB_LCK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
CKGA_CLK_DIV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 CKGB_REF_MAX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
CKGA_CLK_EN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170 CKGB_REFCLK_SEL . . . . . . . . . . . 187
CKGA_CLKOUT_SEL. . . . . . . . . . . . 171 DEN_WSSn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677
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CKGA_LCK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 DENC_BRIGHT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689

CKGA_MD_STA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 DENC_CCCF1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686
CKGA_PLL0_CFG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 DENC_CCCF2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686
CKGA_PLL0_CLK1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 DENC_CCLIF1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687
CKGA_PLL0_CLK2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 DENC_CCLIF2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688
CKGA_PLL0_CLK3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 DENC_CF_COEFn . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690
CKGA_PLL0_CLK4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 DENC_CFG0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662
CKGA_PLL0_LCK_STA . . . . . . . . . . 165 DENC_CFG1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663
CKGA_PLL1_BYPASS . . . . . . . . . . .171 DENC_CFG10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671
CKGA_PLL1_CFG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 DENC_CFG11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671
CKGA_PLL1_LCK_STA . . . . . . . . . . 169 DENC_CFG12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671
CKGB_CLK_DIV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 DENC_CFG13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672
CKGB_CLK_EN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186 DENC_CFG2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664
CKGB_CLK_SRC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184 DENC_CFG3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665
CKGB_CLKOUT_SEL. . . . . . . . . . . . 187 DENC_CFG4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666
CKGB_CPT_HD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173 DENC_CFG5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666
CKGB_CPT_PCM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173 DENC_CFG6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667
CKGB_CRU_CMD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 DENC_CFG7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668
CKGB_DISP_CFG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 DENC_CFG8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669
CKGB_FS0_CFG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 DENC_CFG9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670
CKGB_FS0_MD1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 DENC_CGMS0/1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682
CKGB_FS0_MD2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 DENC_CM_TTX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685
CKGB_FS0_MD3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 DENC_CONTRAST . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689
CKGB_FS0_PE1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 DENC_DAC13_MULT . . . . . . . . . . . 678
CKGB_FS0_PE2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 DENC_DAC2_MULT . . . . . . . . . . . . 679
CKGB_FS0_PE3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 DENC_DAC34_MULT . . . . . . . . . . . 678
CKGB_FS0_PRG_EN1. . . . . . . . . . .175 DENC_DAC45_MULT . . . . . . . . . . . 679
CKGB_FS0_PRG_EN2. . . . . . . . . . .176 DENC_DAC6_MULT . . . . . . . . . . . . 680
CKGB_FS0_PRG_EN3. . . . . . . . . . .177 DENC_DFS_INC0/1/2 . . . . . . . . . . . 674
CKGB_FS0_PWR_DN . . . . . . . . . . . 178 DENC_DFS_PHASE0/1 . . . . . . . . . 675
CKGB_FS0_SDIV1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 DENC_HUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693
CKGB_FS0_SDIV2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 DENC_HW_VER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680

DENC_LU_COEF0..9 . . . . . . . . . . . 692 DSQ_POL_INV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 849

DENC_SATURATION . . . . . . . . . . . 690 DSQ_RX_BYTE_CNT . . . . . . . . . . . 842
DENC_STA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673 DSQ_RX_CLR_INT_STA. . . . . . . . . 848
DENC_TTX_CFG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684 DSQ_RX_DATA_BUFF . . . . . . . . . . 843
DENC_TTX1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682 DSQ_RX_EN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841
DENC_TTX2-5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683 DSQ_RX_INT_EN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845
DENC_VPSn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 681 DSQ_RX_INT_STA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 846
DEVICE_ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 DSQ_RX_NSUPP_WID . . . . . . . . . . 849
DHDO_ABROAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623 DSQ_RX_SAMPLING_PER. . . . . . . 842
DHDO_ACFG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623 DSQ_RX_SILENCE_PER . . . . . . . . 842
DHDO_ACTIVEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626 DSQ_RX_STA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847
DHDO_BACTIVE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 DSQ_RX_SUBCARR_NSUPP_EN . 850
DHDO_BBROAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 DSQ_RX_SW_RST . . . . . . . . . . . . . 844
DHDO_BLANKL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625 DSQ_RX_SYMBn_MAX_THOLD . . 843
DHDO_BROADL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625 DSQ_RX_SYMBn_MIN_THOLD . . . 843
DHDO_CACTIVE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625 DSQ_RX_TIMEOUT . . . . . . . . . . . . 849
DHDO_CBROAD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 DSQ_TX_AGC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841
DHDO_CMLT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628 DSQ_TX_CLR_INT_STA . . . . . . . . . 840
DHDO_COFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629 DSQ_TX_DATA_BUFF . . . . . . . . . . 835
DHDO_COLOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628 DSQ_TX_EN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 832
DHDO_HI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627 DSQ_TX_INT_EN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837
DHDO_LO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627 DSQ_TX_INT_STA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 838
DHDO_MIDL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626 DSQ_TX_MSG_CFG . . . . . . . . . . . . 833
Confidential
DHDO_MIDLO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627 DSQ_TX_PRESCALER . . . . . . . . . . 834

DHDO_YMLT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628 DSQ_TX_SILENCE_PER . . . . . . . . 834
DHDO_YOFF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 629 DSQ_TX_STA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839
DHDO_ZEROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626 DSQ_TX_START . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 836
DISP_CHF_COEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519 DSQ_TX_SUBCARR_DIV . . . . . . . . 834
DISP_CHR_BA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510 DSQ_TX_SW_RST . . . . . . . . . . . . . 836
DISP_CHR_HSRC . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506 DSQ_TX_SYMB_PER . . . . . . . . . . . 835
DISP_CHR_SIZE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513 DSQ_TX_SYMBn_ONTIME . . . . . . . 835
DISP_CHR_VSRC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506 DVP_ABA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
DISP_CHR_XY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512 DVP_AEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
DISP_CTRL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504 DVP_APS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
DISP_CVF_COEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521 DVP_BFO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
DISP_HFP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513 DVP_BFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
DISP_LHF_COEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 DVP_CTRL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
DISP_LUMA_BA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510 DVP_CVS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
DISP_LUMA_HSRC . . . . . . . . . . . . 505 DVP_HLFLN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
DISP_LUMA_SIZE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512 DVP_HLL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
DISP_LUMA_VSRC . . . . . . . . . . . . 505 DVP_HSD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
DISP_LUMA_XY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 DVP_ITM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
DISP_LVF_COEF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517 DVP_ITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
DISP_MA_CTRL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509 DVP_LN_STA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
DISP_NLZZD_C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508 DVP_PKZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
DISP_NLZZD_Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507 DVP_STA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
DISP_PDELTA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508 DVP_TFO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
DISP_PKZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514 DVP_TFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
DISP_PMP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 DVP_VBP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
DISP_TARGET_SIZE . . . . . . . . . . . 507 DVP_VMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
DISP_VFP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514 DVP_VSD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
DSP_CFG_ANA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622 DVP_VTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
DSP_CFG_CLK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621 EMI_CFG_DATA0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
DSP_CFG_DAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631 EMI_CFG_DATA1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
DSP_CFG_DIG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622 EMI_CFG_DATA2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

EMI_CFG_DATA3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268 FDMA_SC_SIZEn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

EMI_CLK_EN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 FDMA_SC_TYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
EMI_FLASH_CLK_SEL . . . . . . . . . . 264 FDMA_SC_VAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
EMI_GEN_CFG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .263 FDMA_SC_WRITEn . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
EMI_LCK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .262 FDMA_SC1_CTRLn . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
EMI_SDRAM_NOP_GEN . . . . . . . . . 263 FDMA_SC2_CTRLn . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
EMI_STA_CFG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 FDMA_SCD_STAn . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
EMI_STA_LCK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 FDMA_SPD_NODE_BST_PER . . . 300
EMIB_BANK_EN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 FDMA_SPD_NODE_CHn_STA_HI . 300
EMIB_BANK0_TOP_ADDR . . . . . . . 269 FDMA_SPD_NODE_CHn_STA_LO 300
EMIB_BANK1_TOP_ADDR . . . . . . . 269 FDMA_SPD_NODE_CTRL . . . . . . . 298
EMIB_BANK2_TOP_ADDR . . . . . . . 269 FDMA_SPD_NODE_DADDR . . . . . 299
EMIB_BANK3_TOP_ADDR . . . . . . . 269 FDMA_SPD_NODE_NBYTES . . . . 299
EMIB_BANK4_TOP_ADDR . . . . . . . 270 FDMA_SPD_NODE_NEXT . . . . . . . 298
EMIB_BANK5_TOP_ADDR . . . . . . . 270 FDMA_SPD_NODE_PA_PB . . . . . . 299
EXTRA_DEVICE_ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 FDMA_SPD_NODE_PC_PD . . . . . . 300
FDMA_CH_CMD_STAn . . . . . . . . . . 290 FDMA_SPD_NODE_SADDR . . . . . 299
FDMA_CMD_CLR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293 FDMA_VER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
FDMA_CMD_MASK . . . . . . . . . . . . .294 GAM_ALP_ALP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556
FDMA_CMD_SET. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293 GAM_ALP_CTRL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
FDMA_CMD_STA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293 GAM_ALP_HFCn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560
FDMA_CNTn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 GAM_ALP_HFP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559
FDMA_DADDRn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 GAM_ALP_HSRC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556
Confidential
FDMA_EN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .289 GAM_ALP_NVN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 559

FDMA_ESBUF_BOTn. . . . . . . . . . . . 303 GAM_ALP_PKZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561
FDMA_ESBUF_READn . . . . . . . . . . 303 GAM_ALP_PML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557
FDMA_ESBUF_TOPn. . . . . . . . . . . . 303 GAM_ALP_PMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558
FDMA_ESBUF_WRITEn . . . . . . . . .303 GAM_ALP_PPT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560
FDMA_ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 GAM_ALP_SIZE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558
FDMA_INT_CLR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 GAM_ALP_VPO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557
FDMA_INT_MASK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 GAM_ALP_VPS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557
FDMA_INT_SET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295 GAM_CUR_AWE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564
FDMA_INT_STA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 GAM_CUR_AWS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563
FDMA_NODE_CTRL . . . . . . . . . . . .296 GAM_CUR_CML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563
FDMA_NODE_DADDR. . . . . . . . . . .297 GAM_CUR_CTRL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561
FDMA_NODE_DSTRIDE . . . . . . . . .297 GAM_CUR_PKZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564
FDMA_NODE_LEN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 GAM_CUR_PML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562
FDMA_NODE_NBYTES . . . . . . . . . . 296 GAM_CUR_PMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562
FDMA_NODE_NEXT . . . . . . . . . . . .296 GAM_CUR_SIZE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563
FDMA_NODE_SADDR . . . . . . . . . . .297 GAM_CUR_VPO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562
FDMA_NODE_SSTRIDE . . . . . . . . .297 GAM_GDPn_AGC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 567
FDMA_PES_BUFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 GAM_GDPn_CTRL . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565
FDMA_PES_CDP_NODE_CTRL . . . 301 GAM_GDPn_HFCn . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573
FDMA_PES_CTRLn . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 GAM_GDPn_HFP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572
FDMA_PES_NODE_NBYTES . . . . . 302 GAM_GDPn_HSRC. . . . . . . . . . . . . 568
FDMA_PES_NODE_NEXT. . . . . . . .301 GAM_GDPn_KEY1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571
FDMA_PTRn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 GAM_GDPn_KEY2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571
FDMA_PTS_ADDR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 GAM_GDPn_NVN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570
FDMA_PTS_HI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 GAM_GDPn_PKZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573
FDMA_PTS_LO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .309 GAM_GDPn_PML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569
FDMA_PTS_TYPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 GAM_GDPn_PMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569
FDMA_REQ_CTRLn. . . . . . . . . . . . . 292 GAM_GDPn_PPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572
FDMA_REV_ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 GAM_GDPn_SIZE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570
FDMA_SADDRn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 GAM_GDPn_VPO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568
FDMA_SC_ADDR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307 GAM_GDPn_VPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569

GAM_MIX1_ACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577 ILC_MODEn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

GAM_MIX1_AVO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576 ILC_PRIORITYn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
GAM_MIX1_AVS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576 ILC_SET_EN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
GAM_MIX1_BCO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575 ILC_STA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
GAM_MIX1_BCS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575 ILC_WAKEUP_ACTIVE_LEVEL . . . 211
GAM_MIX1_BKC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574 ILC_WAKEUP_EN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
GAM_MIX1_CRB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577 IRB_CLK_SEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879
GAM_MIX1_CTRL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574 IRB_CLK_SEL_STA. . . . . . . . . . . . . 879
GAM_MIX2_ACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579 IRB_IRDA_ASC_CTRL . . . . . . . . . . 881
GAM_MIX2_AVO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578 IRB_IRDA_BAUD_GEN_EN . . . . . . 880
GAM_MIX2_AVS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579 IRB_IRDA_BAUD_RATE_GEN . . . . 880
GAM_MIX2_CTRL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578 IRB_IRDA_RX_EN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881
GAM_VIDn_ALP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581 IRB_IRDA_RX_MAX_SYMB_PER . 882
GAM_VIDn_CTRL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580 IRB_IRDA_RX_PULSE_STA . . . . . . 881
GAM_VIDn_KEY1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582 IRB_IRDA_RX_SAMPLE_RATE . . . 881
GAM_VIDn_KEY2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582 IRB_IRDA_TX_EN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880
GAM_VIDn_VPO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581 IRB_POL_INV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877
GAM_VIDn_VPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581 IRB_RX_CLR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876
HDCP_AN_n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859 IRB_RX_EN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875
HDCP_AUTH_CMD. . . . . . . . . . . . . 857 IRB_RX_INT_EN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874
HDCP_CTRL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857 IRB_RX_INT_STA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875
HDCP_I_RATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 858 IRB_RX_MAX_SYMB_PER . . . . . . . 875
HDCP_IVKSV_n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859 IRB_RX_NOISE_SUPP_WID . . . . . 876
Confidential
HDCP_KS_n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859 IRB_RX_ON_TIME . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873

HDCP_MI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 860 IRB_RX_STA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 878
HDCP_RI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 860 IRB_RX_SYMB_PER . . . . . . . . . . . . 873
HDCP_STA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 858 IRB_SAMPLE_RATE_COMM . . . . . 878
HDMI_ACTIVE_VID_XMAX . . . . . . 718 IRB_SCD_ALT_CODE . . . . . . . . . . . 886
HDMI_ACTIVE_VID_XMIN . . . . . . . 718 IRB_SCD_CFG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 882
HDMI_ACTIVE_VID_YMAX . . . . . . 719 IRB_SCD_CODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 883
HDMI_ACTIVE_VID_YMIN . . . . . . . 719 IRB_SCD_CODE_LEN . . . . . . . . . . 883
HDMI_AUD_CFG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721 IRB_SCD_INT_CLR . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885
HDMI_CFG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 713 IRB_SCD_INT_EN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885
HDMI_CHL0_CAP_DATA . . . . . . . . 720 IRB_SCD_INT_STA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885
HDMI_DEFAULT_CHL0_DATA . . . 719 IRB_SCD_NOISE_RECOV . . . . . . . 886
HDMI_DEFAULT_CHL1_DATA . . . 720 IRB_SCD_PRESCALAR . . . . . . . . . 885
HDMI_DEFAULT_CHL2_DATA . . . 720 IRB_SCD_STA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 883
HDMI_EXTS_MAX_DLY . . . . . . . . . 717 IRB_SCD_SYMB_MAX_TIME . . . . . 884
HDMI_EXTS_MIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718 IRB_SCD_SYMB_MIN_TIME . . . . . 884
HDMI_GEN_CTRL_PKT_CFG . . . . 724 IRB_SCD_SYMB_NOM_TIME. . . . . 884
HDMI_IFRAME_CFG . . . . . . . . . . . 722 IRB_TX_CLR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871
HDMI_IFRAME_FIFO_STA. . . . . . . 723 IRB_TX_EN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871
HDMI_IFRAME_HEAD_WD . . . . . . 721 IRB_TX_INT_EN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 870
HDMI_IFRAME_PKT_WDn . . . . . . . 722 IRB_TX_INT_STA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 870
HDMI_INT_CLR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 716 IRB_TX_ON_TIME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869
HDMI_INT_EN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 714 IRB_TX_PRESCALER . . . . . . . . . . . 869
HDMI_INT_STA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715 IRB_TX_STA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872
HDMI_PHY_LCK_STA . . . . . . . . . . 637 IRB_TX_SUBCARR . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869
HDMI_SAMPLE_FLAT_MSK . . . . . 723 IRB_TX_SUBCARR_WID . . . . . . . . 871
HDMI_STA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717 IRB_TX_SYMB_PER . . . . . . . . . . . . 869
ILC_CLR_EN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 LMI_CIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
ILC_CLR_STA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 LMI_COC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
ILC_EN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 LMI_MIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
ILC_EXT_PRIORITYn . . . . . . . . . . . 212 LMI_PBS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
ILC_INPUT_INT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 LMI_SCR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240

LMI_SDMR[0:1]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 PIO_SET_PnMASK . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

LMI_SDRA[0:1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 PIO_SET_PnOUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
LMI_STR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241 PTI_AUD_PTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
LMI_VCR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238 PTI_CFG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
LMU_AFD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .528 PTI_DMA_EMPTY_EN . . . . . . . . . . 331
LMU_BPPL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525 PTI_DMA_EMPTY_STA . . . . . . . . . 330
LMU_CFG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .525 PTI_DMA_EN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
LMU_CHK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .526 PTI_DMA_FLUSH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
LMU_CMP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .524 PTI_DMA0_SETUP . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
LMU_CTRL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523 PTI_DMA0_STA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
LMU_INT_STA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527 PTI_DMAn_BASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
LMU_ITM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527 PTI_DMAn_CD_ADDR . . . . . . . . . . 335
LMU_LMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .524 PTI_DMAn_READ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
LMU_MRS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .526 PTI_DMAn_SETUP . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
LMU_STA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527 PTI_DMAn_TOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
LMU_VINL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .525 PTI_DMAn_WRITE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
LPC_LPA_LS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 PTI_IIF_ALT_FIFO_CNT. . . . . . . . . 336
LPC_LPA_MS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192 PTI_IIF_ALT_LATENCY . . . . . . . . . 337
LPC_LPA_START. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192 PTI_IIF_FIFO_CNT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
MBXn_ID_VER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 PTI_IIF_FIFO_EN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
MBXn_LCKm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 PTI_IIF_HFIFO_CNT. . . . . . . . . . . . 338
MBXn_ST231_INT_ENm . . . . . . . . .224 PTI_IIF_SYNC_CFG . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
MBXn_ST231_INT_ENm_CLR. . . . .225 PTI_IIF_SYNC_CLK . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Confidential
MBXn_ST231_INT_ENm_SET . . . . .224 PTI_IIF_SYNC_DROP. . . . . . . . . . . 337

MBXn_ST231_INT_STAm . . . . . . . . 224 PTI_IIF_SYNC_PER . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
MBXn_ST231_INT_STAm_CLR. . . . 224 PTI_INT_ACKn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
MBXn_ST231_INT_STAm_SET . . . . 224 PTI_INT_ENn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
MBXn_ST40_INT_ENm . . . . . . . . . . 225 PTI_INT_STAn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
MBXn_ST40_INT_ENm_CLR. . . . . . 226 PTI_STC_TIMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
MBXn_ST40_INT_ENm_SET . . . . . . 226 PTI_TC_MODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
MBXn_ST40_INT_STAm . . . . . . . . .225 PTI_VID_PTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
MBXn_ST40_INT_STAm_CLR. . . . .225 PWM_CNT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 902
MBXn_ST40_INT_STAm_SET . . . . .225 PWM_CPT_CMP_CNT . . . . . . . . . . 902
MOD_ACK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891 PWM_CTRL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900
MOD_BUFF_SIZE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891 PWM_INT_ACK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 902
MOD_CTRL_1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 889 PWM_INT_EN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901
MOD_CTRL_2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891 PWM_INT_STA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901
MOD_INT_EN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .890 PWM0_CMP_OUT_VAL . . . . . . . . . 899
MOD_RECEIVE0_PTR. . . . . . . . . . .892 PWM0_CMP_VAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898
MOD_RECEIVE1_PTR. . . . . . . . . . .892 PWM0_CPT_EDGE. . . . . . . . . . . . . 899
MOD_STA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .890 PWM0_CPT_VAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898
MOD_STA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .891 PWM0_VAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 897
MOD_TX0_PTR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .892 PWM1_CMP_OUT_VAL . . . . . . . . . 900
MOD_TX1_PTR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .892 PWM1_CMP_VAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899
PIO_CLR_PnCm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 PWM1_CPT_EDGE. . . . . . . . . . . . . 899
PIO_CLR_PnCOMP . . . . . . . . . . . . .215 PWM1_CPT_VAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898
PIO_CLR_PnMASK . . . . . . . . . . . . .215 PWM1_VAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898
PIO_CLR_PnOUT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215 RC_IO_SEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 877
PIO_PnCm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 SCI_n_CLK_CTRL . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913
PIO_PnCOMP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217 SCI_n_CLK_VAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913
PIO_PnIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 SSC_BUS_FREE_TIME . . . . . . . . . 815
PIO_PnMASK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217 SSC_CLR_STA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 817
PIO_PnOUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218 SSC_DATA_SETUP_TIME . . . . . . . 814
PIO_SET_PnC[2:0] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218 SSC_NOISE_SUPP_WID . . . . . . . . 817
PIO_SET_PnCOMP . . . . . . . . . . . . .218 SSC_NOISE_SUPP_WID_DOUT . . 818

SSC_PRE_SCALER_DATAOUT . . 818 TTXT_ABORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423

SSC_PRESCALER . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818 TTXT_ACK_ODDEVEN . . . . . . . . . . 422
SSC_RE_SCALER_BRG . . . . . . . . 816 TTXT_DMA_ADDR . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
SSC_REP_START_HOLD_TIME . . 814 TTXT_DMA_CNT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
SSC_REP_START_SETUP_TIME . 814 TTXT_INT_EN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
SSC_RX_FSTAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816 TTXT_INT_STA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
SSC_START_HOLD_TIME . . . . . . . 814 TTXT_OUT_DLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
SSC_STOP_SETUP_TIME . . . . . . . 815 UPSMPL_CSET1_1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631
SSC_TX_FSTAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815 UPSMPL_CSET1_2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632
SSCn_BRG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809 UPSMPL_CSET1_3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632
SSCn_CTRL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810 UPSMPL_CSET1_4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632
SSCn_I2C_CTRL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813 UPSMPL_CSET2_1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633
SSCn_INT_EN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811 UPSMPL_CSET2_2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633
SSCn_RBUFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809 UPSMPL_CSET2_3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633
SSCn_SLA_ADDR . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813 UPSMPL_CSET2_4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634
SSCn_STA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812 UPSMPL_CSET3_1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634
SSCn_TBUFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809 UPSMPL_CSET3_2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634
SYS_CFG0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 UPSMPL_CSET3_3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635
SYS_CFG1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 UPSMPL_CSET3_4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635
SYS_CFG10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 UPSMPL_CSET4_1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635
Confidential
SYS_CFG14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 VID_BBE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410

SYS_CFG15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 VID_BBS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
SYS_CFG2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 VID_BCHP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
SYS_CFG20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 VID_BFP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
SYS_CFG21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 VID_DFH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
SYS_CFG26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 VID_DFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
SYS_CFG27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 VID_DFW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
SYS_CFG28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 VID_EXE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
SYS_CFG29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 VID_FCHP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
SYS_CFG3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 VID_FFP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
SYS_CFG33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 VID_ITM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
SYS_CFG4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 VID_ITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
SYS_CFG6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 VID_MBEn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
SYS_CFG7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 VID_PPR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
SYS_CFG8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 VID_QMWIp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
SYS_CFG9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 VID_QMWNIp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
SYS_STA0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 VID_RCHP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
SYS_STA1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 VID_RCM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
SYS_STA12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 VID_RFP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
SYS_STA13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 VID_SRCHP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
TS_1394_CFG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 VID_SRFP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
TS_SW_RST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367 VID_SRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
TS_SWTS_CFG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 VID_STA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
TS_SYS_CFG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 VID_TIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
TSM_1394_DEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 VID_VLD_PTR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
TSM_PROG_CNTn . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 VID_VLDRL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
TSM_PTI_ALT_OUT_CFG . . . . . . . 365 VTG1_AWGHDO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608
TSM_PTI_DEST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 VTG1_AWGVDO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609
TSM_STREAMn_CFG. . . . . . . . . . . 360 VTG1_CLKLN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605
TSM_STREAMn_STA . . . . . . . . . . . 362 VTG1_DACHDO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609
TSM_STREAMn_SYNC . . . . . . . . . 361 VTG1_DACHDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610
TSM_SWTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367 VTG1_DACVDO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610

VTG1_DACVDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .611 VTG2_DRST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617

VTG1_DRST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612 VTG2_HDO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615
VTG1_HDO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606 VTG2_HDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615
VTG1_HDRIVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605 VTG2_HLFLN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615
VTG1_HDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606 VTG2_ITM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619
VTG1_HLFLN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .607 VTG2_ITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619
VTG1_ITM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .613 VTG2_R1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618
VTG1_ITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .613 VTG2_R2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618
VTG1_MODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611 VTG2_STA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620
VTG1_STA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614 VTG2_VDO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616
VTG1_VDO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607 VTG2_VDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 616
VTG1_VDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608 VTG2_VTG_MODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617
VTG1_VTMR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612 VTG2_VTMR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617
VTG2_CLKLN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .614
Confidential

STx7100 86 Revision history
86 Revision history
Reference Change
Version A July 05
Initial version
Confidential

87 Licenses STx7100
87 Licenses
Supply of this product does not convey a license under the relevant intellectual property of the
companies mentioned in this chapter nor imply any right to use this intellectual property in any
finished end-user or ready to use final product. An independent license for such use is required
and can be obtained by contacting the company or companies concerned.
Once the license is obtained, a copy must be sent to STMicroelectronics.
The details of all the features requiring licenses are not provided within the datasheet and
register manual. They are provided only after a copy of the license has been received by
STMicroelectronics.
The features requiring licenses are:
Dolby® Digital EX, Pro Logic® II, MLP Lossless™

Dolby Digital, Pro Logic and MLP Lossless are intellectual properties of Dolby Labs. The Dolby
Digital, Pro Logic or MLP Lossless license allows the use of the corresponding decoder
embedded in the STx7100.
Two types of license exist: S license must be obtained for samples (up to 25 units). P license
must be obtained for production.
For all details, contact Dolby Labs at:
Confidential
Dolby Labs, 100 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA

www.dolby.com
CSS
CSS DVD Copy Protection is intellectual property of Matsushita Electronics Industrial Co. The
CSS DVD Copy Protection license allows the use of the CSS decryption cell embedded in the
STx7100.
For all details, contact Matsushita at:
Matsushita Electronics Industrial Co. LTD, CSS Interim License
Organization, 1006 Kadoma, Kadoma-Shi, Osaka 571-8503 JAPAN
Macrovision®
Macrovision Anti-Copy System for DVD is intellectual property of Macrovision Corporation. The
Macrovision license allows the use of the Macrovision feature embedded in STx7100.
For all details, contact Macrovision at:
Macrovision Corp., 1341 Orlean Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA
www.macrovision.com

STx7100 87 Licenses
TruSurround XT™, CircleSurround™ II

The CircleSurround II, TruSurround XT and SRS technology rights incorporated in this chip are
owned by SRS Labs, a U.S. corporation and licensed to ST Microelectronics. Purchasers of this
chip, who use the SRS technology incorporated herein, must sign a license for use of the chip
and display of the SRS trademarks. Any product using the SRS technology incorporated in this
chip must be sent to SRS Labs for review. Circle Surround II, TruSurround XT and SRS are
protected under U.S. and foreign patents issued and/or pending.
Neither the purchase of this chip, nor the corresponding sale of audio enhancement equipment
conveys the right to sell commercialized recordings made with any SRS technology. SRS
requires all set makers to comply with all rules and regulations as outlined in the SRS Trademark
Usage Manual.
For all details, contact SRS Labs at:
SRS Labs Inc., 2909 Daimler Street, Santa Ana, CA 92705 USA
www.srslabs.com
DTS® (ES, 96/24, Neo)

DTS ES, DTS 96/24 and DTS Neo are intellectual properties of Digital Theater Systems Inc. The
DTS licenses allow the use of the corresponding decoder executed in the STx7100.
For all details, contact Digital Theater Systems Inc at:
DTS, 5171 Clareton Drive, Agoura Hills, CA 91301, USA
www.dtsonline.com
Confidential
CPRM/CPPM
CPRM/CPPM technology is intellectual property of 4C Entity. The CPRM/CPPM license allows
the use of the CPRM / CPPM technology embedded in the STx7100.
For all details, contact 4C Entity at:
4C Entity, LLC, 225 B Cochrane Circle, Morgan Hill, CA 95037, USA
www.4centity.com
Windows Media® (audio [WMA] and video [WMV])

Windows Media is intellectual property of Microsoft Corporation. The Windows Media license
allows the use of the Windows Media audio and video decoders executed in the STx7100.
For all details, contact Microsoft at:
Microsoft Corporation, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052-6399, USA
www.microsoft.com
USB (Universal serial bus)

USB is intellectual property of USB-IF. The USB license gives the right to display the certified
USB logo in conjunction with a product when the product has passed USB-IF compliance testing
for product quality.
For all details, contact USB-IF:
USB Implementers Forum, Inc., 5440 SW Westgate Drive, Suite 217, Portland, OR 97221, USA
www.usb.org

87 Licenses STx7100
HDMI™ (High-definition multimedia interface™)

HDMI and High-definition multimedia interface are intellectual properties of HDMI Licensing,
LLC. The HDMI license allows the use of HDMI in the STx7100.
For all details, contact HDMI Licensing, LLC at:
1060 E. Arques Avenue, Suite 100, Sunnyvale, CA 94085, USA
www.hdmi.org
HDCP
HDCP is an intellectual property of Digital Content Protection, LLC. The HDCP license allows the
use of HDCP in the STx7100.
For all details, contact Digital Content Protection, LLC at:
C/O Intel Corporation, Stephen Balogh, JF2-55, 2111 NE 25th Ave, Hillsboro, OR 97124
www.digital-cp.com
Confidential

STx7100
Information furnished is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, STMicroelectronics assumes no responsibility for the consequences
of use of such information nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted
by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of STMicroelectronics. Specifications mentioned in this publication are subject
Confidential
to change without notice. This publication supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. STMicroelectronics products are not
authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the express written approval of STMicroelectronics.
The ST logo is a registered trademark of STMicroelectronics
CableCARDTM is a trademark of Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. Dolby® and Pro Logic® are registered trademarks of
Dolby Laboratories. SRS®, TruSurround® and TruBass®, are registered trademarks and TruSurround XTTM a trademark of
SRS Labs, Inc. in the U.S. and selected foreign countries. MacrovisionTM is a Trademark of Macrovision corporation.
Supply of this product does not convey a license under the relevant intellectual property of Thomson multimedia, Fraunhofer
Gesellschaft and/or Coding Technologies nor imply any right to use this product in any finished end user or ready-to-use final
product. An independent license for such use is required. For details, see http://www.mp3licensing.com.
TruSurround XT™, TruBass™ and SRS technology rights incorporated in this chip are owned by SRS Labs, a U.S.
corporation and licensed to ST Microelectronics. A purchaser of this chip, who uses the SRS technology incorporated herein,
must sign a license for use of the chip and display of the SRS trademarks. Any product using the SRS technology
incorporated in this chip must be sent to SRS Labs for review. TruSurround XT and SRS are protected under US and foreign
patents issued and/or pending. Neither the purchase of this chip, nor the corresponding sale of audio enhancement
equipment conveys the right to sell commercialized recordings made with any SRS technology. SRS requires all set makers
to comply with all rules and regulations as outlined in the SRS Trademark Usage Manual.
© 2005 STMicroelectronics - All Rights Reserved
STMicroelectronics Group of Companies.

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® STx7100 (STb7100, STi7100, STm7100)

Low-cost HDTV set-top box decoder for H.264/AVC and MPEG-2

CP Video decoder CUR GDP GDP LMU

TSIN0 TSIN1 TS I/O TMDS Main video Aux video Flash

August 2005 7801572A STMicroelectronics Confidential

Processor subsystem Audio subsystem

■ TS merger/router ■ Stereo 24-bit audio DAC for analog output

Video/graphics subsystem ■ Serial ATA hard-disk drive support

2/935 STMicroelectronics Confidential 7801572A

Chapter 1 Applications overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Chapter 2 Device variants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

3.6 Transport subsystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

Chapter 5 Memory map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

7801572A STMicroelectronics Confidential 3/935

5.2 Internal peripherals map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Chapter 6 System configuration registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

Chapter 8 Pin list and alternative functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

4/935 STMicroelectronics Confidential 7801572A

9.16 Peripherals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108

Chapter 10 Reset configuration (mode pins) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

Chapter 11 Electrical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

Chapter 12 Timing specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

12.8 EMI timings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120

Chapter 13 HD and SD triple video DACs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Chapter 14 Audio DAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

Chapter 15 PCB layout recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

7801572A STMicroelectronics Confidential 5/935

15.6 HDMI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Part 3 System infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Chapter 16 Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Chapter 17 Clocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

17.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Chapter 18 Clock registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

Chapter 19 Low-power modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188

Chapter 20 Low power registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

Chapter 21 Boot modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

6/935 STMicroelectronics Confidential 7801572A

21.2 Delta ST231 mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194

Chapter 22 Interrupt system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Chapter 23 Interrupt map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

Chapter 24 Interrupt registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207

Chapter 25 Programmable I/O (PIO) ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

Chapter 26 Programmable I/O ports registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214

Chapter 27 Mailboxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

Chapter 28 Mailbox registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

Part 4 Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

Chapter 29 Local memory interface (LMI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

Chapter 30 LMI registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

Chapter 31 External memory interface (EMI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

7801572A STMicroelectronics Confidential 7/935

31.3 EMI interface pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Chapter 32 EMI registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259

Chapter 33 DMA network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

Chapter 34 Flexible DMA (FDMA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

Chapter 35 Flexible DMA (FDMA) registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

8/935 STMicroelectronics Confidential 7801572A

Part 5 Transport interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

Chapter 36 Programmable transport interface (PTI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

Chapter 37 Programmable transport interface (PTI) registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329