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Solutions For Math 311 Assignment #3

(1) Computes limits of complex functions as z approaches i and infinity. (2) Shows the limit of z/z^2 as z approaches 0 does not exist. (3) Proves limits of a rational function T(z) as z approaches infinity or -d/c depending on whether c is 0.

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Anthony Bare Huané Salcedo
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70 views5 pages

Solutions For Math 311 Assignment #3

(1) Computes limits of complex functions as z approaches i and infinity. (2) Shows the limit of z/z^2 as z approaches 0 does not exist. (3) Proves limits of a rational function T(z) as z approaches infinity or -d/c depending on whether c is 0.

Uploaded by

Anthony Bare Huané Salcedo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Solutions for Math 311 Assignment #3

(1) Compute the limits:


(a) lim
zi
iz
3
1
z
2
+ 1
;
(b) lim
z
4z
2
(z 1)
2
.
Solution. (a)
lim
zi
iz
3
1
z
2
+ 1
= lim
zi
i(z
3
i
3
)
z
2
+ 1
= lim
zi
i(z i)(z
2
+ iz + i
2
)
(z i)(z + i)
= lim
zi
i(z
2
+ iz + i
2
)
z + i
=
3
2
or by complex LHospital,
lim
zi
iz
3
1
z
2
+ 1
= lim
zi
3iz
2
2z
=
3
2
(b)
lim
z
4z
2
(z 1)
2
= lim
z0
4z
2
(z
1
1)
2
= lim
z0
4
(1 z)
2
= 4
(2) Show that the limit of the function
f(z) =

z
z

2
as z tends to 0 does not exist.
Solution. Let z = x + yi. When x 0 and y = 0,
lim
x0
y=0

z
z

2
= lim
x0
x
2
x
2
= 1
When x = y and x 0,
lim
x0
x=y

z
z

2
= lim
x0
(x + xi)
2
(x xi)
2
= 1
Therefore, lim
z0
f(z) does not exist.
1
2
(3) Let
T(z) =
az + b
cz + d
where ad bc = 0. Show that
(a) lim
z
T(z) = if c = 0;
(b) lim
z
T(z) =
a
c
if c = 0 and lim
zd/c
T(z) = if c = 0.
Proof. Since
lim
z
1
T(z)
= lim
z0
1
T(z
1
)
= lim
z0
cz
1
+ d
az
1
+ b
= lim
z0
c + dz
a + bz
=
c
a
it follows that lim
z
T(z) = when c = 0 and lim
z
T(z) =
a/c if c = 0.
Since ad bc = 0, a(d/c) + b = 0. Therefore,
lim
zd/c
1
T(z)
= lim
zd/c
cz + d
az + b
= 0
and hence lim
zd/c
T(z) = when c = 0.
(4) Find f

(z) when
(a) f(z) = 3z
2
2z + 4;
(b) f(z) = (1 4z
2
)
3
;
(c) f(z) =
z 1
2z + 1
(z =
1
2
);
(d) f(z) =
(1 + z
2
)
4
z
2
(z = 0).
Answer. (a) 6z 2 (b) 24z(1 4z
2
)
2
(c) 3(2z + 1)
2
(d)
2(3z
2
1)(1 + z
2
)
3
z
3
(5) Show that f

(z) does not exist at any point when


(a) f(z) = Im(z);
(b)
f(z) =

z
2
/z if z = 0
0 if z = 0
3
Proof. (a) Since


x
+ i

y

f =


x
+ i

y

(x yi) = 2 = 0
for all z = x + yi, f

(z) does not exist at any point.


(b) For z = x + yi = 0,


x
+ i

y

f =


x
+ i

y

(x yi)
2
x + yi
=
2(x yi)(x + yi) (x yi)
2
(x + yi)
2
+ i
2i(x yi)(x + yi) i(x yi)
2
(x + yi)
2
=
4(x yi)
x + yi
= 0
Therefore, f

(z) does not exist for z = 0.


At z = 0,
lim
z0
f(z) f(0)
z 0
= lim
z0
z
2
z
2
When x 0 and y = 0,
lim
x0
y=0
z
2
z
2
= lim
x0
x
2
x
2
= 1
When x = y and x 0,
lim
x0
x=y
z
2
z
2
= lim
x0
(x xi)
2
(x + xi)
2
= 1
Therefore, f

(0) does not exist. In conclusion, f

(z) does not


exist anywhere.
(6) Use Cauchy-Riemann equations to verify that f(z) is analytic
when
(a) f(z) = z
3
in C;
(b) f(z) = z
1
for z = 0;
(c) f(z) = e
z
2
in C.
Proof. (a) Since


x
+ i

y

z
3
=


x
+ i

y

(x + iy)
3
= 3(x + yi)
2
+ i
2
3(x + yi)
2
= 0
4
and f/x and f/y are continuous everywhere, f(z) is entire.
(b) Since


x
+ i

y

z
1
=


x
+ i

y

(x + iy)
1
= (x + yi)
2
i
2
(x + yi)
2
= 0
and f/x and f/y are continuous for z = 0, f(z) is analytic
for z = 0.
(c) Since


x
+ i

y

e
z
2
=


x
+ i

y

e
(x+iy)
2
= 2(x + yi)e
(x+iy)
2
2i
2
(x + yi)e
(x+iy)
2
= 0
and f/x and f/y are continuous everywhere, f(z) is entire.

(7) Show that if both f(z) and g(z) satisfy the Cauchy-Riemann
equations at z
0
, so does f(z)g(z).
Proof. Since C-R equations hold for f(z) and g(z) at z
0
,
f
x
+ i
f
y
=
g
x
+ i
g
y
= 0
at z
0
. Therefore,


x
+ i

y

(fg) =

f
x
g + f
g
x

+ i

f
y
g + f
g
y

f
x
g + i
f
y
g

f
g
x
+ if
g
y

= g

f
x
+ i
f
y

+ f

g
x
+ i
g
y

= 0
at z
0
. Therefore, C-R equations hold for f(z)g(z) at z
0
.
(8) Suppose that f(z) = u + iv is analytic at z
0
. Show that
f

(z
0
) =
i
z
0

+ i
v

at z = z
0
, where (r, ) are the polar coordinates.
5
Proof. By chain rule,

x
= cos

r

sin
r

and

y
= sin

r
+
cos
r

.
Since f(z) is analytic at z
0
,


x
+ i

y

f = 0
and hence


r
+
i
r

f = 0
f
r
=
i
r
f

in |z z
0
| < a for some a > 0. Therefore,
f

(z) =
f
x
= cos
f
r

sin
r
f

=
i cos
r
f


sin
r
f

= i
e
i
r
f

=
i
re
i
f

=
i
z

+ i
v

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