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Objective:: ICS 103: Computer Programming in C Topic: 2-D Array

This document provides information on 2-D arrays in C programming, including: 1) How to declare and initialize a 2-D array with examples of integer, character, and float arrays. 2) How to read and print 2-D arrays using nested for loops in either row-major or column-major order. 3) An example program that adds two matrices stored as 2-D arrays and prints the sum.

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69 views4 pages

Objective:: ICS 103: Computer Programming in C Topic: 2-D Array

This document provides information on 2-D arrays in C programming, including: 1) How to declare and initialize a 2-D array with examples of integer, character, and float arrays. 2) How to read and print 2-D arrays using nested for loops in either row-major or column-major order. 3) An example program that adds two matrices stored as 2-D arrays and prints the sum.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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ICS 103: Computer Programming in C

Handout-16 Topic: 2-D Array



Objective :
To know what is 2-D array?
To know how to declare and reference 2-D array.
To know how to read and print 2-D array using for loops.
To know what is row-major and column-major order of 2-D array.
What is 2_D Array ? How to declare and initialize it ?:
Just like single dimensional arrays we can have multidimensional arrays
which are arrays of arrays. The two dimensional array can be visualied as
a matri!.
"onsider the following two-dimensional array declarations #
$define %&'( )
$define %&'(* 2)
int grades +%&'(, +*-, .
char letter +*-, +/, .
float !y +*--, +%&'(*, .
The two-dimensional arrays need two sies as name+m,+n,. The total sie
of the array is the product of the two sies m ! n. The first element is
always name+-,+-, and the last element is name+m-*,+n-*,. The two
dimensional array elements are ordered by row-wise as name+-,+-,0
name+-,+*,0 name+-,+2,10 name+-,+2,0 name+*,+-,0 name+*,+*,010 name+/,
+3,0 name+/,+2,. The two dimensional array elements are ordered by
column-wise as name+-,+-,0 name+*,+-,0 name+2,+-,10 name+/,+-,0 name+-,
+*,0 name+*,+*,010 name+4,+2,0 name+/,+2,.
&n the first case0 grades is an integer array of sie ) 5 *- 6 )-. The
elements can be referenced by using 2 subscripts as grades+*,+2,0
grades+/,+2,. The first element is grades+-,+-, and the last element is
grades+/,+2,. %imilarly0 the letter is an array of characters of sie /-
with last element being letter+2,+4,. !y is an array of float of sie 2)--
with last element being !y+22,+2/,.
The two-dimensional arrays can be initialied as
int ! +4, +2, 6 7 *20 )80 890 /0 8 093 : .
1
where the !+-,+-, 6 *20 !+-,+*, 6 )80 !+*,+-, 6 890 !+*,+*, 6 /0 !+2,+-, 6 80
!+2,+*, 6 93. ;s with single dimension arrays if the initial values are less
than the size of array the remaining values are set to 0.
How to read and print 2-D Array usin two !or loops ?:
The two-dimensional arrays can also be initialied by using for loop.
To initialie0 read and print two-dimensional arrays we need two for loops.
The first loop controls the first subscript and the second loop controls
the second subscript. "onsider the following e!ample#
int abc+),+*-, 0 i0 j .
for < i 6 - . i = ) . >> i ?
for < j 6 -. j = *- . >>j ?
7 printf <@(nter the +Ad,+Ad, element BnC0 i0 j ? .
scanf <@ Ad C0 Dabc+i,+j, ? .
:
&n the above case the array is read in row-major order. To read in
column-major order just reverse the two for loops of two subscripts as
for < j 6 - . j = *- . >> j ?
for < i 6 -. i = ) . >>i ?
7
printf <@(nter the +Ad,+Ad, element BnC0 i0 j ? .
scanf <@ Ad C0 Dabc+i,+j, ? .
:
%imilarly for printing in row-major order
for < i 6 - . i = ) . >> i ?
for < j 6 -. j = *- . >>j ?
7
printf <@The abc+Ad,+Ad, element is Ad BnC0 i0 j0
abc+i,+j, ? .
:
and printing in column-major order
for < j 6 - . j = *- . >> j ?
for < i 6 -. i = ) . >>i ?
2
7
printf <@The abc+Ad,+Ad, element is Ad BnC0 i0 j0
abc+i,+j, ? .
:
"olved #roble$ !or 2-d array:
/*Matri !ddition */
$include=stdio.hE
$define row *-
$define col *-
int main<?
7
int i0j0k0 a+row,+col,0 b+row,+col,0 s+row,+col, 6 7-:.
int rowsa0 colsa0 rowsb0 colsb.
printf<F(nter number of rows for Gatri! *# F?.
scanf<FAdF0 Drowsa?.
printf<F(nter number of columns for Gatri! *# F?.
scanf<FAdF0 Dcolsa?.
printf<F(nter the Ad elements of Gatri! * # BnF0 rowsaHcolsa?.
for<j6-.j=rowsa. j>>? // reading matri a
7
for<k6-.k=colsa.k>>?
7
scanf<FAdF0 Da+j,+k,?.
:
:
puts<FBnF?.
printf<F(nter number of rows for Gatri! 2# F?.
scanf<FAdF0Drowsb?.
printf<F(nter number of columns for Gatri! 2# F?.
scanf<FAdF0Dcolsb?.
printf<F(nter the Ad elements of Gatri! 2 # BnF0 rowsbHcolsb?.
for<j6-.j=rowsb. j>>? // reading matri b
7
3
for<k6-.k=colsb.k>>?
7
scanf<FAdF0 Db+j,+k,?.
:
:
/* !ddition of two matrices */
for<j6-. j=rowsb. j>>?
7
for<k6-. k=colsb. k>>?
7
s+j,+k,6a+j,+k,>b+j,+k,.
:
:
/*"rint sum of two matrices */
printf<FThe sum of two matrices is # BnF?.
for<j6-. j=rowsa. j>>?
7
for <k6-. k=rowsb. k>>?
7
printf<FA)d F0 s+j,+k,?.
:
printf<FBnF?.
:
return -.
: // end of main
4

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