Kindergarten Math Overview

Instructional time should focus on

two critical areas:

1. representing, relating, and operating
on whole numbers, initially with sets
of objects; and
2. describing shapes and space.

More learning time in Kindergarten
should be devoted to number than to
other topics. (*)
Overview of Content Strands

Counting and Cardinality (CC)*
Know number names and the count sequence.
Count to tell the number of objects.
Compare numbers.

Operations and Algebraic Thinking (OA)*
Understand addition as putting together and adding to,
and understand subtraction as taking apart and taking
from.
Identify and continue patterns.

Number and Operations in Base Ten (NBT)*
Work with numbers 1119 to gain foundations for
place value.

Measurement and Data (MD)
Describe and compare measurable attributes.
Classify objects and count the number of objects in
categories.

Geometry (G)
Identify and describe shapes.
Analyze, compare, create, and compose shapes.
Required Fluency

I. Count to 100 by ones and by tens
II. Write numbers from 0-20
III. Add/subtract numbers up to 5

Mathematical Practices (MP)

1. Make sense of problems and
persevere in solving them.
2. Reason abstractly and
quantitatively.
3. Construct viable arguments and
critique the reasoning of others.
4. Model with mathematics.
5. Use appropriate tools
strategically.
6. Attend to precision.
7. Look for and make use of
structure.
8. Look for and express regularity in
repeated reasoning.
1
st
Grade Math Overview
Instructional time should focus on four
critical areas:

1. developing understanding of addition,
subtraction, and strategies for
addition and subtraction within 20;
2. developing understanding of whole
number relationships and place value,
including grouping in tens and ones;
3. developing understanding of linear
measurement and measuring lengths
as iterating length units; and
4. reasoning about attributes of, and
composing and decomposing
geometric shapes.

More learning time in Grade 1 should be
devoted to number and operations than
to other topics. (*)
Overview of Content Strands

Counting, Cardinality, and Ordinality
Know ordinal names and counting flexibility.
Count to tell the number of objects.
Compare numbers.

Operations and Algebraic Thinking*
Represent and solve problems involving addition and
subtraction.
Understand and apply properties of operations and the
relationship between addition and subtraction.
Add and subtract up to 20.
Work with addition and subtraction equations.
Identify and continue patterns.

Number and Operations in Base Ten*
Extend the counting sequence.
Understand place value.
Use place value understanding and properties of
operations to add and subtract.

Measurement and Data
Measure lengths indirectly and by iterating length units.
Work with time and money.
Represent and interpret data.

Geometry
Reason with shapes and their attributes.
Required Fluency

I. Add/subtract using numbers to 10
II. Identify place value in 2 digit
numbers
III. Add using numbers up to 100
Mathematical Practices (MP)

1. Make sense of problems and
persevere in solving them.
2. Reason abstractly and
quantitatively.
3. Construct viable arguments and
critique the reasoning of others.
4. Model with mathematics.
5. Use appropriate tools
strategically.
6. Attend to precision.
7. Look for and make use of
structure.
8. Look for and express regularity in
repeated reasoning.
2
nd
Grade Math Overview
Instructional time should focus on four
critical areas:

1. extending understanding of base-ten
notation;
2. building fluency with addition and
subtraction;
3. using standard units of measure; and
4. describing and analyzing shapes.

More learning time in Grade 2 should be
devoted to number and operations than
to other topics. (*)
Overview of Content Strands

Operations and Algebraic Thinking*
Represent and solve problems involving addition and
subtraction.
Add and subtract up to 20.
Work with equal groups of objects to gain foundations
for multiplication.
Identify and continue patterns.

Number and Operations in Base Ten*
Understand place value.
Use place value understanding and properties of
operations to add and subtract.

Measurement and Data*
Measure and estimate lengths in standard units.
Relate addition and subtraction to length.
Work with time and money.
Represent and interpret data.

Geometry
Reason with shapes and their attributes.
Required Fluency

I. Add/subtract up to 20 (know
single digit sums from memory)
II. Add/subtract up to 100
III. Tell and write time
Mathematical Practices (MP)

1. Make sense of problems and
persevere in solving them.
2. Reason abstractly and
quantitatively.
3. Construct viable arguments and
critique the reasoning of others.
4. Model with mathematics.
5. Use appropriate tools
strategically.
6. Attend to precision.
7. Look for and make use of
structure.
8. Look for and express regularity in
repeated reasoning.
3rd Grade Math Overview
Instructional time should focus on four
critical areas:

1. developing understanding of
multiplication and division and
strategies for multiplication and
division within 100;
2. developing understanding of
fractions, especially unit fractions
(fractions with numerator 1);
3. developing understanding of the
structure of rectangular arrays and of
area; and
4. describing and analyzing two-
dimensional shapes.

More learning time in Grade 3 should be
devoted to operations and fractions than
to other topics. (*)
Overview of Content Strands

Operations and Algebraic Thinking*
Represent and solve problems involving multiplication
and division.
Understand properties of multiplication and the
relationship between multiplication and division.
Multiply and divide up to 100.
Solve problems involving the four operations, and
identify and explain patterns in arithmetic.

Number and Operations in Base Ten
Use place value understanding and properties of
operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic.

Number and OperationsFractions*
Develop understanding of fractions as numbers.

Measurement and Data*
Solve problems involving measurement and estimation of
intervals of time, liquid volumes, and masses of objects.
Represent and interpret data.
Geometric measurement: understand concepts of area
and relate area to multiplication and to addition.
Geometric measurement: recognize perimeter as an
attribute of plane figures and distinguish between linear
and area measures.

Geometry
Reason with shapes and their attributes.
Required Fluency

I. Multiply/divide up to 100 (know
single-digit products from
memory)
II. Add/subtract up to 1000
III. Represent fractions with
denominators 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8
Mathematical Practices (MP)

1. Make sense of problems and
persevere in solving them.
2. Reason abstractly and
quantitatively.
3. Construct viable arguments and
critique the reasoning of others.
4. Model with mathematics.
5. Use appropriate tools
strategically.
6. Attend to precision.
7. Look for and make use of
structure.
8. Look for and express regularity in
repeated reasoning.
4
th
Grade Math Overview
Instructional time should focus on
three critical areas:

1. developing understanding and
fluency with multi-digit
multiplication, and developing
understanding of dividing to find
quotients involving multi-digit
dividends;
2. developing an understanding of
fraction equivalence, addition and
subtraction of fractions with like
denominators, and multiplication of
fractions by whole numbers; and
3. understanding that geometric figures
can be analyzed and classified based
on their properties, such as having
parallel sides, perpendicular sides,
particular angle measures, and
symmetry.

More learning time in Grade 4 should be
devoted to operations, fractions and
measurement than to other topics. (*)
Overview of Content Strands

Operations and Algebraic Thinking*
Use the four operations with whole numbers to solve
problems.
Gain familiarity with factors and multiples.
Generate and analyze patterns.

Number and Operations in Base Ten
Generalize place value understanding for multi-digit
whole numbers.
Use place value understanding and properties of
operations to perform multi-digit arithmetic.

Number and OperationsFractions*
Extend understanding of fraction equivalence and
ordering.
Build fractions from unit fractions by applying and
extending previous understandings of operations on
whole numbers.
Understand decimal notation for fractions, and compare
decimal fractions.

Measurement and Data*
Solve problems involving measurement and conversion
of measurements from a larger unit to a smaller unit.
Represent and interpret data.
Geometric measurement: understand concepts of angle
and measure angles.

Geometry
Draw and identify lines and angles, and classify shapes by
properties of their lines and angles.
Required Fluency

I. Add/subtract up to 1,000,000
II. Multiply/divide 4-digit numbers
by 1-digit numbers
III. Add/Subtract fractions
IV. Use decimal notation for
fractions
Mathematical Practices (MP)

1. Make sense of problems and
persevere in solving them.
2. Reason abstractly and
quantitatively.
3. Construct viable arguments and
critique the reasoning of others.
4. Model with mathematics.
5. Use appropriate tools
strategically.
6. Attend to precision.
7. Look for and make use of
structure.
8. Look for and express regularity in
repeated reasoning.
5
th
Grade Math Overview
Instructional time should focus on
three critical areas:

1. developing fluency with addition and
subtraction of fractions, and
developing understanding of the
multiplication of fractions and of
division of fractions in limited cases
(unit fractions divided by whole
numbers and whole numbers divided
by unit fractions);
2. extending division to 2-digit divisors,
integrating decimal fractions into the
place value system and developing
understanding of operations with
decimals to hundredths, and
developing fluency with whole
number and decimal operations; and
3. developing understanding of volume.

More learning time in Grade 5 should be
devoted to operations, fractions and
geometry than to other topics. (*)
Overview of Content Strands

Operations and Algebraic Thinking
Write and interpret numerical expressions.
Analyze patterns and relationships.

Number and Operations in Base Ten
Understand the place value system.
Perform operations with multi-digit whole numbers and
with decimals to hundredths.

Number and OperationsFractions*
Use equivalent fractions as a strategy to add and subtract
fractions.
Apply and extend previous understandings of
multiplication and division to multiply and divide
fractions.

Measurement and Data*
Convert like measurement units within a given
measurement system.
Represent and interpret data.
Geometric measurement: understand concepts of
volume and relate volume to multiplication and to
addition.

Geometry*
Graph points on the coordinate plane to solve real-world
and mathematical problems.
Classify two-dimensional figures into categories based on
their properties.
Required Fluency

I. Multi-digit multiplication
II. Add/subtract fractions
III. Convert measurements within a
system (1=12)
Mathematical Practices (MP)

1. Make sense of problems and
persevere in solving them.
2. Reason abstractly and
quantitatively.
3. Construct viable arguments and
critique the reasoning of others.
4. Model with mathematics.
5. Use appropriate tools
strategically.
6. Attend to precision.
7. Look for and make use of
structure.
8. Look for and express regularity in
repeated reasoning.


6
th
Grade Math Overview
Instructional time should focus on four
critical areas:

1. connecting ratio and rate to whole-
number multiplication and division
and using concepts of ratio and rate
to solve problems;
2. completing understanding of division
of fractions and extending the notion
of number to the system of rational
numbers, which includes negative
numbers;
3. writing, interpreting, and using
expressions and equations; and
4. developing understanding of
statistical thinking.

More learning time in Grade 6 should be
devoted number systems to than to
other topics. (*)
Overview of Content Strands

Ratios and Proportional Relationships (RP)
Understand ratio concepts and use ratio reasoning to
solve problems.

The Number System (NS)*
Apply and extend previous understandings of
multiplication and division to divide fractions by
fractions.
Compute fluently with multi-digit numbers and find
common factors and multiples.
Apply and extend previous understandings of numbers to
the system of rational numbers.

Expressions and Equations (EE)*
Apply and extend previous understandings of arithmetic
to algebraic expressions.
Reason about and solve one-variable equations and
inequalities.
Represent and analyze quantitative relationships
between dependent and independent variables.

Geometry (G)*
Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving
area, surface area, and volume.

Statistics and Probability (SP)
Develop understanding of statistical variability.
Summarize and describe distributions.
Required Fluency

I. Multi-digit division
II. Multi-digit decimal operations
III. Mult/Divide fractions
Mathematical Practices (MP)

1. Make sense of problems and
persevere in solving them.
2. Reason abstractly and
quantitatively.
3. Construct viable arguments and
critique the reasoning of others.
4. Model with mathematics.
5. Use appropriate tools
strategically.
6. Attend to precision.
7. Look for and make use of
structure.
8. Look for and express regularity in
repeated reasoning.
7
th
Grade Math Overview
instructional time should focus on four
critical areas:

1. developing understanding of and
applying proportional relationships;
2. developing understanding of
operations with rational numbers and
working with expressions and linear
equations;
3. solving problems involving scale
drawings and informal geometric
constructions, and working with two-
and three-dimensional shapes to solve
problems involving area, surface area,
and volume; and
4. drawing inferences about populations
based on samples.

More learning time in Grade 7 should be
devoted to ratios and proportions than
to other topics. (*)
Overview of Content Strands

Ratios and Proportional Relationships (RP)*
Analyze proportional relationships and use them to solve
real-world and mathematical problems.

The Number System (NS)*
Apply and extend previous understandings of operations
with fractions to add, subtract, multiply, and divide
rational numbers.

Expressions and Equations (EE)*
Use properties of operations to generate equivalent
expressions.
Solve real-life and mathematical problems using
numerical and algebraic expressions and equations.

Geometry (G)
Draw, construct, and describe geometrical figures and
describe the relationships between them.
Solve real-life and mathematical problems involving angle
measure, area, surface area, and volume.

Statistics and Probability (SP)
Use random sampling to draw inferences about a
population.
Draw informal comparative inferences about two
populations.
Investigate chance processes and develop, use, and
evaluate probability models.
Required Fluency

I. Use operations with integers
II. Convert between decimals,
fractions and percents
III. Use proportional relationships to
solve problems

Fluency with addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division of rational
numbers using a standard algorithm
is expected from this grade forward.
Mathematical Practices (MP)

1. Make sense of problems and
persevere in solving them.
2. Reason abstractly and
quantitatively.
3. Construct viable arguments and
critique the reasoning of others.
4. Model with mathematics.
5. Use appropriate tools
strategically.
6. Attend to precision.
7. Look for and make use of
structure.
8. Look for and express regularity in
repeated reasoning.

8
th
Grade Math Overview
Instructional time should focus on
three critical areas:

1. formulating and reasoning about
expressions and equations, including
modeling an association in bivariate
data with a linear equation, and
solving linear equations and systems
of linear equations;
2. grasping the concept of a function
and using functions to describe
quantitative relationships; and
3. analyzing two- and three-
dimensional space and figures using
distance, angle, similarity, and
congruence, and understanding and
applying the Pythagorean Theorem.

More learning time in Grade 8 should be
devoted to expressions, equations and
function than to other topics. (*)
Overview of Content Strands

The Number System (NS)
Know that there are numbers that are not rational, and
approximate them by rational numbers.

Expressions and Equations (EE)*
Work with radicals and integer exponents.
Understand the connections between proportional
relationships, lines, and linear equations.
Analyze and solve linear equations and pairs of
simultaneous linear equations.

Functions (F)*
Define, evaluate, and compare functions.
Use functions to model relationships between quantities.

Geometry (G)
Understand congruence and similarity using physical
models, transparencies, or geometry software.
Understand and apply the Pythagorean Theorem.
Solve real-world and mathematical problems involving
volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres.

Statistics and Probability (SP)*
Investigate patterns of association in bivariate data.
Required Fluency

I. Simplify algebraic expressions
II. Solve 1-step inequalities and
equations with rational numbers.
III. Use the Pythagorean Theorem to
solve problems
Mathematical Practices (MP)

1. Make sense of problems and
persevere in solving them.
2. Reason abstractly and
quantitatively.
3. Construct viable arguments and
critique the reasoning of others.
4. Model with mathematics.
5. Use appropriate tools
strategically.
6. Attend to precision.
7. Look for and make use of
structure.
8. Look for and express regularity in
repeated reasoning.

Algebra I Overview
Instructional time should focus on four
critical areas:

1. developing fluency writing,
interpreting and translating
between various forms of linear
equations and inequalities and using
them to solve problems
2. find and interpret solutions of
systems of equations involving
quadratic expressions, inequalities,
arithmetic and geometric sequences
as exponential functions
3. use geographical representations
and knowledge of context to make
judgments about the
appropriateness of linear models
4. explore specialized functions,
absolute value, step and piecewise.

More learning time in Algebra I should
be devoted to expressions, equations
and function than to other topics. (*)
Overview of Content Strands

Number and Quantity (NQ)
Extend the properties of exponents to rational exponents.
Use properties of rational and irrational numbers.
Reason quantitatively and use units to solve problems.

Algebra (A)*
Interpret the structure of expressions.
Write expressions in equivalent forms to solve problems.
Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
Create equations that describe numbers or relationships.
Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and
explain the reasoning
Solve equations and inequalities in one variable.

Functions (F)*
Understand the concept of a function and use function
notation.
Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of a
context.
Build a function that models a relationship between two
quantities.
Build new functions from existing functions
Construct and compare linear, quadratic and exponential
models and solve problems.
Interpret expressions for functions in terms of the situation
they model.

Statistics and Probability (S)
Summarize represent and interpret data on a single count or
measurement variable.
Summarize, represent and interpret data on two categorical
and quantitative variables.
Interpret linear models.
Required Fluency

I. Add/subtract/multiply
polynomials
II. Write equations of lines
III. Factor polynomials
IV. Solve equations and inequalities
Mathematical Practices (MP)

1. Make sense of problems and
persevere in solving them.
2. Reason abstractly and
quantitatively.
3. Construct viable arguments and
critique the reasoning of others.
4. Model with mathematics.
5. Use appropriate tools
strategically.
6. Attend to precision.
7. Look for and make use of
structure.
8. Look for and express regularity in
repeated reasoning.

Geometry Overview
Instructional time should focus on
these critical areas:

1. apply similarity in right triangles to
understand right triangle
trigonometry and develop the Laws
of Sines and Cosines in order to find
missing measures of general
triangles
2. apply knowledge of two-dimensional
shapes to consider the shapes of
cross-sections and the result of
rotating a two-dimensional object
about a line
3. use a rectangular coordinate system
to verify geometric relationships,
including properties of special
triangles and quadrilaterals and
slopes of parallel and perpendicular
lines
4. prove basic theorems about
triangles, quadrilaterals, other
polygons, circles, inscribed angles,
chords, secants and tangents
5. compute and interpret theoretical
and experimental probabilities for
compound events , mutually
exclusive events, independent events
and conditional probability

More learning time in Geometry should
be devoted to proofs than to other
topics. (*)
Overview of Content Strands

Geometry (G)*
Experiment with transformations in the plane.
Understand congruence in terms of rigid motions.
Prove geometric theorems.
Make geometric constructions.
Understand similarity in terms of similarity
transformations.
Prove theorems involving similarity.
Define trigonometric ratios and solve problems involving
right triangles.
Apply trigonometry to general triangles.
Understand and apply theorems about circles.
Find arc lengths and areas of sectors of circles.
Translate between the geometric description and the
equation for a conic section.
Use coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems
algebraically.
Explain volume formulas and use them to solve
problems.
Visualize the relationship between two-dimensional and
three-dimensional objects
Apply geometric concepts in modeling situations.

Statistics and Probability (S)
Understand independence and conditional probability
and use the to interpret data.
Use the rules of probability to compute probabilities of
compound events in a uniform probability model.
Use probability to evaluate outcomes of decisions.
Required Fluency

I. Use triangle congruence and
similarity criteria to solve
problems
II. Use coordinates to establish
geometric results, calculate length
and angle
III. Construct geometric models
Mathematical Practices (MP)

1. Make sense of problems and
persevere in solving them.
2. Reason abstractly and
quantitatively.
3. Construct viable arguments and
critique the reasoning of others.
4. Model with mathematics.
5. Use appropriate tools
strategically.
6. Attend to precision.
7. Look for and make use of
structure.
8. Look for and express regularity in
repeated reasoning.

Algebra II Overview
Instructional time should focus on
these critical areas:

1. understand the Fundamental Theorem
of Algebra and identify zeros of
polynomials, including complex zeros
of quadratic polynomials, and make
connections between zeros of
polynomials and solutions of
polynomial equations
2. use the coordinate plane to extend
trigonometry to model periodic
phenomena
3. identify appropriate types of functions
to model a situation, adjust
parameters to improve the model and
compare models by analyzing
appropriateness of fit and making
judgments about domain over which a
model is a good fit
4. see how visual displays and summary
statistics relate to different types of
data and to probability distributions
and the role that randomness and
careful design play in the conclusions
that can be drawn.
Overview of Content Strands

Number and Quantity (NQ)
Perform arithmetic operations with complex numbers.
Use complex numbers in polynomial identities and equations.

Algebra (A)*
Interpret the structure of expressions.
Write expressions n equivalent forms to solve problems
Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials.
Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of
polynomials
Use polynomial identities to solve problems.
Rewrite rational expressions.
Create equations that describe numbers or relationships.
Understand solving equations as a process of reasoning and explain
the reasoning.
Represent and solve equations and inequalities graphically.

Functions (F)*
Interpret functions that arise in applications in terms of a context.
Analyze functions using different representations.
Build a function that models a relationship between two quantities.
Build new functions from existing functions.
Construct and compare linear, quadratic and exponential models and
solve problems.
Extend the domain of trigonometric functions using the unit circle.
Model periodic phenomena with trigonometric functions
Prove and apply trigonometric identities.

Statistics and Probability (S)
Summarize, represent, and interpret data on a single count or
measurement variable.
Understand and evaluate random processes underlying statistical
experiments.
Make inferences and justify conclusions from sample surveys,
experiments and observational studies.
Required Fluency
I. Divide polynomials with
remainder
II. Operations on matrices
III. Use Quadratic Formula to
solve problems
IV. Simplify expressions with
complex numbers
Mathematical Practices (MP)

1. Make sense of problems and
persevere in solving them.
2. Reason abstractly and
quantitatively.
3. Construct viable arguments and
critique the reasoning of others.
4. Model with mathematics.
5. Use appropriate tools
strategically.
6. Attend to precision.
7. Look for and make use of
structure.
8. Look for and express regularity in
repeated reasoning.
Trigonometry Overview
Instructional time should focus on
these critical areas:

Overview of Content Strands Required Fluency
Mathematical Practices (MP)

1. Make sense of problems and
persevere in solving them.
2. Reason abstractly and
quantitatively.
3. Construct viable arguments and
critique the reasoning of others.
4. Model with mathematics.
5. Use appropriate tools
strategically.
6. Attend to precision.
7. Look for and make use of
structure.
8. Look for and express regularity in
repeated reasoning.

Pre-Calculus Overview
Instructional time should focus on
these critical areas:

Overview of Content Strands Required Fluency
Mathematical Practices (MP)

1. Make sense of problems and
persevere in solving them.
2. Reason abstractly and
quantitatively.
3. Construct viable arguments and
critique the reasoning of others.
4. Model with mathematics.
5. Use appropriate tools
strategically.
6. Attend to precision.
7. Look for and make use of
structure.
8. Look for and express regularity in
repeated reasoning.