A TO Z OF SHIPPING TERMS:

A
ABS
See American Bureau of Shipping
ACEP
See Approved Continuous Examination Program
ADR
See Articles Dangereux de Route
AGVS
Automated guided vehicle system.
ASYCUDA
Automated System for Customs Data. This program dealing with customs declarations has been
developed by UNCTAD and is presently used by some 7 countries.
Abeam
!. Alongside" near amidships.
#. $or navigational purposes in the direction of a right angle to the ship%s heading.
Absorpto!
Acceptance by the carrier of a portion of a &oint rate or charge which is less than the amount which it
would receive for the service in the absence of such &oint rate or charge.
A""epta!"e o# Goo$s
The process of receiving a consignment from a consignor" usually against the issue of a receipt. As
from this moment and on this place the carrier%s responsibility for the consignment begins.
A""ommo$ato! %a$$er
'ovable steps arranged temporary alongside e.g. a (uay to allow access on board for officials" crew or
passengers.
A""ompa!e$ Tra!sport
The transport of complete road vehicles by another means of transport )e.g. train" ferry accompanied
by the driver*.
A""or$ Re%at# a&' Tra!sports I!ter!ato!a&' $e De!rees Perssab%es et a&' E!(!s Spe"a&' a
Ut%ser po&r "es Tra!sports
Abbreviation+ AT,
Agreement on the international carriage of perishable foodstuffs and on the special e(uipment to be
used for such carriage.
A")!o*%e$(eme!t o# Re"ept
A notification relating to the receipt of e.g. goods" messages and documents.
A"t o# Go$
Accidents of a nature beyond human control such as flood" lightning or hurricane usually (uoted as
%force ma&eure%.
A"t+e I!+e!tor,
Covers raw material" wor- in progress" finished products" which will be used or sold within a given
period without e.tra cost or loss. This term does not cover the so/called reserve inventory.
A"t&a% Dema!$
Customer orders and often also the allocation of items" ingredients and0or raw materials to production
or distribution.
A"t&a% Vo,a(e N&mber
A code for identification purposes of the voyage and vessel which actually transports the
container0cargo.
A$ Va%orem
1n proportion to the value+ A phrase applied to certain freight or customs duties levied on goods"
property" etc. set as a percentage of their value.
A$$e$ Va%&e
The value attributed to products" and services as the result of a particular process )e.g. production
process" storage" transport*.
A$+a!"e Arra!(eme!t
An agreement between the shipper and the carrier" concerning contacts between those parties prior to
tendering the consignment.
A$+a!"e$ Amo&!t
2uantity of cash or cash e(uivalents e.pressed in a monetary amount given to a driver to cover
e.penses during a trip.
A$+a!"e$ C-ar(e
A charge paid by a carrier to an agent or to another carrier" which the delivering carrier then collects
from the consignee. Such charges are usually for agents% forwarding fees and incidental e.penses paid
out of poc-et for account of the shipment by an agent or other carrier.
A$+a!"e$ I!ter%!e
An interline carrier that pic-s up cargo from the shipper and delivers it to another carrier for shipment to
the consignee.
A$+"e Note
A written piece of information e.g. about the status of the goods.
Aero.&p S,stem
Special accessories in a container consisting of among others the attachment rails on the inside walls
to provide facilities for lashing and separation of the cargo.
A#t
At" near or towards the stern or rear of a vessel or an aircraft.
bac- to top
A(e!", Fee
$ee payable by a shipowner or ship operator to a port agent.
A(e!t
!. A person or organisation authorised to act for or on behalf of another person or organisation.
#. 1n ,34 Nedlloyd" an Agent is a corporate body with" which there is an agreement to perform
particular functions on behalf of them at an agreed payment. An Agent is either a part of the
,34 Nedlloyd organisation or an independent body. The following functions and
responsibilities may apply to the activities of an agent.
!. Sales
'ar-eting" ac(uisition of cargo" issuing (uotations" concluding contracts in co/
ordination with ,34 Nedlloyd. 5asically the agent is the first point of entry into the
,34 Nedlloyd organisation for a shipper.
#. 5oo-ings
5oo-ing of cargo in accordance with allotments assigned to the agent for a certain
voyage by ,34 Nedlloyd.
6. Customs
Dealing with the national customs administration for cargo declarations" manifest
alterations and cargo clearance on behalf of ,34 Nedlloyd.
7. Documentation
8esponsible for timeliness and correctness of all documentation re(uired" regarding
the carriage of cargo.
. 9andling
Ta-ing care of all procedures connected with physical handling of cargo.
:. ;(uipment control
'anaging of all e(uipment stoc- in a particular area.
7. 1ssuing
Authorised to sign and issue 5ills of <ading and other transport documents.
=. Collecting
Authorised to collect freight and charges on behalf of ,34 Nedlloyd.
>. Delivery
The agent who releases the cargo and is responsible for its delivery to the
consignee.
!?. 9andling of cargo claims
9andling of cargo claims as per agency contract.
!!. 9usbanding
9andling non cargo related operations of a vessel as instructed by the master" owner
or charterer.
A((re(ate I!+e!tor,
The inventory for any group of items or products" involving multiple stoc-/-eeping units.
Ar Co!ta!er
Any unit load device" primarily intended for transport by air" having an internal volume of ! m6 or more"
incorporating restraint provisions compatible with an aircraft restraint system" and an entirely flush base
bottom to allow handling on roller/bed cargo handling systems.
Ar /a,b%%
Abbreviation+ A@5
A document made out by or on behalf of the carrier)s* confirming receipt of the goods by the carrier
and evidencing the contract between the shipper and the carrier)s* for the carriage of goods as
described therein.
A%%o"ato!
The process of assigning activities" costs or facilities e.g. space to a certain organisational units.
A%%otme!t
A share of the capacity of a means of transport assigned to a certain party" e.g. a carrier or an agent"
for the purpose of the boo-ing of cargo for a specific voyage.
A%*a,s A#%oat 0AA1
,rovision in a charter party" that the vessel must remain afloat at all times when unloading and
discharging.
Amer"a! B&rea& o# S-pp!(
Abbreviation+ A5S
American classification society which has established rules and regulations for the classification of
seagoing vessels or e(uipment.
Am$s-ps
At or in the middle of a vessel.
A!"-or
Device for temporary securing a ship or floating structure to the seabed by means of a chain or cable
and a weight with movable e.tensions )arms*
Appare%
!. A vessel%s outfit" such as rigging" anchor and lifeboats.
#. The term used in distribution0transport of clothing for a single piece of clothing" a garment.
Appro+e$ Co!t!&o&s E'am!ato! Pro(ram
Abbreviation+ AC;,
An agreement between the owners of the e(uipment and the responsible governmental body to allow
continuous e.amination of the e(uipment )e.g. containers*.
Apro!
See Platform
Arbtrato!
The process of referring to an agreed person for &udgement on issues of dispute" without re(uiring the
use of courts.
Area Co$e
A code for the area where a container is situated.
Area O## Hre 2ease
Aeographical area where a leased container becomes off hire.
Area O## Hre S&b%ease
Aeographical area where a subleased container becomes off hire.
Area O! Hre 2ease
Aeographical area where a leased container becomes on hire.
Area O! Hre S&b%ease
Aeographical area where a subleased container becomes on hire.
Area o# Repar
Aeographical area where a container is under repair.
Arr+a% Date
The date on which goods or a means of transport is due to arrive at the delivery site of the transport.
Arr+a% Not"e
A notice sent by a carrier to a nominated notify party advising of the arrival of a certain shipment or
consignment.
Art"%es Da!(ere&' $e Ro&te
Abbreviation+ AD8
A ;uropean agreement concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods by road.
bac- to top
Assemb%,
The stage of production in which components are put together into an end product appropriate to the
process concerned.
Ass(!me!t
The transfer of certain rights from one party to another.
Aster!
!. 5ehind a vessel or an aircraft.
#. 5ac-wardB in a reverse direction.
At-*arts-ps
Across the vessel" that is" from side to side. Said of cargo stowed in this way" as opposed to length/
wise.
A&$t
A methodical e.amination and review of a situation or condition )as within a business enterprise*
concluding with a detailed report of findings.
A&$t Tra%
A record of events" such as system access" networ- load" unsuccessful log/on attempts" that might
have some significance for an investigation.
A&t-e!t"ato!
,roof by means of a signature or otherwise that a certain document or certain data is of undisputed
origin and genuine.
A&t-orse$ Co!s(!ee 3 Co!s(!or
A trader authorised by the ;uropean Commission )regulation #770>6* to receive or despatch
consignments under transit procedures without having to present goods and documents directly at the
customs office.
A&t-or4ato!
The commission to a certain person or body to act on behalf of another person or body. The person or
body can be authorised e.g. to issue 5ills of <ading or to collect freight.
A&to Co!ta!er
Container e(uipped for the transportation of vehicles.
A&tomate$ G&$e$ Ve-"%e S,stem
Unmanned vehicles e(uipped with automatic guidance e(uipment which follow a prescribed path"
stopping at each necessary station for automatic or manual loading or unloading.
A&tomat" I$e!t#"ato!
A means of identifying an item e.g. a product" parcel or transport unit by a machine )device* entering
the data automatically into a computer.
The most widely used technology at present is bar codeB others include radio fre(uency" magnetic
stripes and optical character recognition.
A&tomat" I$e!t#"ato! Ma!&#a"t&rers
Abbreviation+ A1'
1nternational 4rganisation of companies and0or associations involved or interested in automatic
identification.
A+era(e
!. 1n marine insurance+ a loss or damage to or in respect of goods or e(uipment.
#. The numerical result obtained by dividing the sum of two or more (uantities by the number of
(uantities.
A+era(e A$5&sters
1n general average affairs average ad&usters are entrusted with the tas- of apportioning the loss and
e.penditure over the parties interested in the maritime venture and to determine which e.penses are to
be regarded as average or general average.
A*e(-
Description of the situation when the anchor has &ust been lifted from the seabed
A*!!(
<ight structure with canvas or wooden covering rigged above an open space to provide protection from
sun or rain.
B
B32
See Bill of Lading
BC Co$e
Safe wor-ing practice code for solid bul- cargo.
BSI Co!ta!er Spe"#"ato!
5ritish Standards 1nstitution Specification for freight containers.
Ba") Ha&%
The return movement of a means of transport which has provided a transport service in one direction.
Ba") 2etter
5ac- letters are drawn up in addition to a contract in order to lay down rights and0or obligations
between both contracting parties" which" for some reason cannot be included in the original contract.
This e.pression is sometimes used for letters of indemnity" which are drawn up if the condition of the
goods loaded gives rise to remar-s and" nevertheless" the shipper insists upon receiving clean 5ills of
<ading. <etters of indemnity are only allowed in very e.ceptional circumstances.
Ba") Or$er
A customer order or commitment" which is unfilled due to insufficient stoc-.
Ba") S"-e$&%!(
A method of obtaining a production schedule by wor-ing bac-wards from the re(uired due date in order
to predict the latest start date consistent with meeting that due date.
Ba")%o(
!. The (uantity of goods still to be delivered" received" produced" issued" etc." for which the
planned or agreed date has e.pired.
#. The total number of customer orders which have been received but not yet been shipped.
Ba%espa"e
The balespace of a vessel is the capacity of cargo spaces under dec- )including hatchways but
e.cluding void spaces behind cargo battens and beams* e.pressed in cubic meters or cubic feet.
Ba%%ast
'aterials solely carried to improve the trim and the stability of the vessel. 1n vessels usually water is
carried as ballast in tan-s" specially designed for that purpose.
Ba!) G&ara!tee
An underta-ing by a ban- to be answerable for payment of a sum of money in the event of non
performance by the party on whose behalf the guarantee is issued.
Ba!)!( S,stem
$or marine purposes the practice of always -eeping more than one piece of cargo on the (uay or in the
vessel ready for loading or discharging in order to avoid delays and to obtain optimal use of the loading
gear.
Bap%e
An ;D1 message to convey the 5ayplan on occupied and empty slots in a certain vessel at a particular
time.
Bar Co$!(
A method of encoding data for fast and accurate electronic readability. 5ar codes are a series of
alternating bars and spaces printed or stamped on products" labels" or other media" representing
encoded information which can be read by electronic readers" used to facilitate timely and accurate
input of data to a computer system. 5ar codes represent letters and0or numbers and special characters
li-e C" 0" /" etc.
Bare Boat C-arter
A charter whereby the charterer leases the bare ship and appoints the master and crew himself.
Bar(e
$lat bottomed inland cargo vessel for canals and rivers with or without own propulsion for the purpose
of transporting goods.
Bars
Special devices mounted on container doors to provide a watertight loc-ing.
Base
9ome depot of container or trailer.
Bas" Sto")
1tems of an inventory intended for issue against demand during the re/supply lead time.
Bat"-
A collection of products or data which is treated as one entity with respect to certain operations e.g.
processing and production.
Bat"- 2ot
A definite (uantity of some product manufactured or produced under conditions which are presumed
uniform and for production control purposes passing as a unit through the same series of operations.
Bat"- Pro$&"to!
The production process where products0components are produced in batches and where each
separate batch consists of a number of the same products0components.
Batte!s
'embers protruding from the inside walls of a vessel%s hold or a )thermal* container to -eep away the
cargo from the walls to provide an air passage. They may be integral with the walls" fastened to the
walls or added during cargo handling.
Ba,
A vertical division of a vessel from stem to stern" used as a part of the indication of a stowage place for
containers. The numbers run from stem to sternB odd numbers indicate a #? foot position" even
numbers indicate a 7? foot position.
Ba, P%a!
A stowage plan which shows the locations of all the containers on the vessel.
bac- to top
Be-6ertra(*a(e!
Abbreviation+ 5.T. @agen
A container wagon of the Aerman 8ailways.
Be!"-mar)!(
The measurement and comparison with a standard or others of efforts and results in the business
process for e.g. input" output" reliability" (uality and customer satisfaction.
Note: $or ,34 Nedlloyd it is the comparative search for the best practices )processes* that will lead to
superior performance of the company.
1t must be seen as a positive and pro/active process to ma-e the company%s operations lean and
improve (uality and productivity.
Be!$!(7mome!t
1s the result of vertical forces acting on a ship as a result of local differences between weight and
buoyancy.
The total of these forces should be Dero" otherwise change of draft will occur.
At sea the bending moment will change as a result of wave impact which than periodically changes the
buoyancy distribution.
Note: The ma.imum allowed bending moment of a vessel is restricted by the class bureau to certain
limits" which are different under port and sea conditions.
Ber!e Ga&(e
The most restrictive loading gauge )standard measure* or the lowest common denominator of loading
gauges on the railways of continental ;urope.
Bert-
A location in a port where a vessel can be moored often indicated by a code or name.
Best Pra"t"e
The provision to a client of e.amples and constructive consultation for improved logistics processes in
the delivery of goods and services.
B%atera% Tra!sport A(reeme!t
Agreement between two nations concerning their transport relations.
B%% o# E'"-a!(e
An unconditional order in writing to pay a certain sum of money to a named person.
B%% o# Hea%t-
The 5ill of 9ealth is the certificate issued by local medical authorities indicating the general health
conditions in the port of departure or in the ports of call. The 5ill of 9ealth must have been visaed
before departure by the Consul of the country of destination.
@hen a vessel has free prati(ue" this means that the vessel has a clean 5ill of 9ealth certifying that
there is no (uestion of contagious disease and that all (uarantine regulations have been complied with"
so that people may embar- and disembar-.
B%% o# 2a$!(
Abbreviation+ 50<" plural 5s0<
A document which evidences a contract of carriage by sea.
The document has the following functions+
!. A receipt for goods" signed by a duly authorised person on behalf of the carriers.
#. A document of title to the goods described therein.
6. ;vidence of the terms and conditions of carriage agreed upon between the two parties.
At the moment 6 different models are used+
!. A document for either Combined Transport or ,ort to ,ort shipments depending whether the
relevant spaces for place of receipt and0or place of delivery are indicated on the face of the
document.
#. A classic marine 5ill of <ading in which the carrier is also responsible for the part of the
transport actually performed by himself.
6. Sea @aybill+ A non/negotiable document" which can only be made out to a named consignee.
No surrender of the document by the consignee is re(uired.
See also+ Service 5ill
B%% o# 2a$!( C%a&se
A particular article" stipulation or single proviso in a 5ill of <ading. A clause can be standard and can be
pre/printed on the 50<.
B%% o# Matera%
A list of all parts" sub/assemblies and raw materials that constitute a particular assembly" showing the
(uantity of each re(uired item.
Bmo$a% Tra%er
!. A road semi/trailer with retractable running gear to allow mounting on a pair of rail boogies.
#. A trailer which is able to carry different types of standardised unit loads" )e.g. a chassis which
is appropriate for the carriage of one $;U or two T;U%s*.
B!!a"%e
Support mounted on the bridge dec- to hold the compass.
B%o") Tra!
A number of railway wagons )loaded with containers*" departing from a certain place and running
straight to a place of destination" without marshalling" transhipping or any coupling or de/coupling of
wagons.
Boat
A small open dec-ed craft carried on board ships for a specific purpose e.g. lifeboat" wor-boat.
Boatma!
,erson who attends to the mooring and unmooring of vessels.
Bo%%ar$
,ost" fi.ed to a (uay or a vessel" for securing mooring ropes.
Bo%ster
See Container Bolster
Bo!a F$e
1n good faithB without dishonesty" fraud or deceit.
Bo!$e$
The storage of certain goods under charge of customs viD. customs seal until the import duties are paid
or until the goods are ta-en out of the country.
!. 5onded warehouse )place where goods can be placed under bond*.
#. 5onded store )place on a vessel where goods are placed behind seal until the time that the
vessel leaves the port or country again*.
6. 5onded goods )dutiable goods upon which duties have not been paid i.e. goods in transit or
warehoused pending customs clearance*.
Boo)!(
!. The offering by a shipper of cargo for transport and the acceptance of the offering by the
carrier or his agent.
Boo)!( Re#ere!"e N&mber
The number assigned to a certain boo-ing by the carrier or his agent.
Bor$erea&
Document used in road transport" listing the cargo carried on a road vehicle" often referring to
appended copies of the road consignment note.
bac- to top
Bott%e!e")
A stage in a process which limits performance.
Note: Aenerally this is interpreted as a facility" function" department etc. that impedes performance" for
e.ample a warehouse or distribution centre where goods arrive at a faster rate than they can be
transported or stored" thus causing stoc-/piling at improper moments or in unwanted areas.
Bottom Ftt!(s
Special conical shaped devices inserted between a container and the permanent floor on the dec- of a
vessel in order to avoid shifting of the container during the voyage of this vessel.
Bottom 2#t
9andling of containers with e(uipment attached to the four bottom corner fittings )castings*.
Bottomr,
'oney borrowed against a ship" or its e(uipment" repaid with interest upon the ship%s arrival at port"
and forfeited should the ship sin-
Bo*7tr&ster
'achine located towards the forward end of a ship below the waterline" which can produce a lateral
trust mostly by means of a propeller.
Bo'
Collo(uial name for container )e.g. 5o./club*
Bo' Pa%%et
,allet with at least three fi.ed" removable or collapsible" vertical sides.
Bra!"- /are-o&se
See Distriution Centre
Brea) B&%)
!. To commence discharge.
#. To strip unitised cargo.
Brea) B&%) Car(o
Aeneral cargo conventionally stowed as opposed to unitised" containerised and 8oll 4n/8oll 4ff cargo.
Brea)7e+e! /e(-t
The weight at which it is cheaper to charge the lower rate for the ne.t higher weight/brea- multiplied by
the minimum weight indicated" than to charge the higher rate for the actual weight of the shipment.
Brea)*ater
A structure on board a ship" fi.ed to an open dec- forward intended to deflect and disperse head seas
shipped over the bow.
Bro)e! Sto*a(e
The cargo space which is unavoidably lost when stowing cargo. The percentage of wasted space
depends upon e.g. the -ind of cargo" the pac-ing and the used spaces.
Bro)er
,erson who acts as an agent or intermediary in negotiating contracts.
Br&sse%s Tar## Nome!"%at&re
The old Customs Co/operation Council Nomenclature for the classification of goods. Now replaced by
the 9armonised System.
B&##er Sto")
A (uantity of goods or articles -ept in store to safeguard against unforeseen shortages or demands.
B&%) Car(o
Unpac-ed homogeneous cargo poured loose in a certain space of a vessel or container e.g. oil and
grain.
B&%) Carrer
Single dec- vessel designed to carry homogeneous unpac-ed dry cargoes such as grain" iron ore and
coal.
B&%) Co!ta!er
A container designed for the carriage of free/flowing dry cargoes" which are loaded through hatchways
in the roof of the container and discharged through hatchways at one end of the container.
B&%)-ea$
!. Upright partition dividing compartments on board a vessel. The functions of bul-heads are+
o To increase the safety of a vessel by dividing it into compartments.
o To separate the engine room from the cargo holds.
o To increase the transverse strength of a vessel.
o To reduce the ris- of spreading fire to other compartments.
#. A vertically mounted board to provide front wall protection against shifting cargo and
commonly seen on platform trailers )road cargo*.
6. A partition in a container" providing a plenum chamber and0or air passage for either return or
supply air. 1t may be an integral part of the appliance or a separate construction.
7. A vertically mounted wall separating the fore respectively aft compartment from the rest of the
aircraft )air cargo*.
B&%% R!(s
8ings for lashing the cargo in containers.
B&%%et!
Specialised reports for specific activity related events.
B&!)er
)Tan-* spaces on board a vessel to store fuel.
B&!)er A$5&stme!t Fa"tor
Abbreviation+ 5A$
Ad&ustment applied by ,34 Nedlloyd or liner conferences to offset the effect of fluctuations in the cost
of bun-ers.
bac- to top
B&!)ers
2uantity of fuel on board a vessel.
B&o,a!",
The upward force e.tended by the vertical component of integrated pressure acting on the hull below
the waterlineB usually calculated as being e(ual to the weight of the water displaced by the hull.
B&rea& Vertas
$rench classification society.
B&s!ess A!a%,ses
The process of investigating and evaluating an organisation to clarify processes and procedures.
B&s!ess Data Repostor, 0BDR1
The accumulation of business data ta-en from a system to reuse this data in other systems.
B&s!ess F&!"to!
An upper level business activity that is achieved via the performance of component activities.
;.amples+ 'anufacturing" Shipping
B&s!ess 2o(st"s
!. <ogistics within a business system.
#. The co/ordinating function of material management and physical distribution" which e.ecutes
the integral control of the goods flow.
B&s!ess Pro"ess
A business process is the action ta-en to respond to particular events" convert inputs into outputs" and
produce particular results. 5usiness processes are what the enterprise must do to conduct its business
successfully.
B&s!ess Pro"ess Mo$e%
The business process model provides a brea-down )process decomposition* of all levels of business
processes within the scope of a business area. 1t also shows process dynamics" lower/level process
interrelationships. 1n Summary it includes all diagrams related to a process definition that allows for
understanding what the business process is doing )and not how*.
B&s!ess Pro"ess Re$es(! 0BPR1
The process of redesigning business practice models including the e.change of data and services
amongst the sta-eholders )i.e. finance" merchandising" production" distribution* involved in the lifecycle
of a client%s product.
B&s!ess R&%e
A 5usiness 8ule is a business condition under which data items are created" related and maintained.
B&,er
,arty to which merchandise is sold.
B&,er8s Mar)et
A %buyer%s mar-et% is considered to e.ist when goods can easily be secured and when the economic
forces of business tend to cause goods to be priced at the purchaser%s estimate of value. 1n other
words" a state of trade favourable to the buyer" with relatively large supply and low prices.
C
CAD
See Cash Against Documents
CAF
See Currenc! Ad"ustment #actor
CENSA
Council of ;uropean and Eapanese National Shipowner%s Associations.
Cabota(e
!. Transport of goods between two ports or places located in the same country.
#. Transport of cargo in a country other than the country where the vehicle is registered road/
cargo*.
6. The carriage of a container from a surplus area to an area specified by the 4wner of that
container" in e.change of which and during which the operator can use this container.
Ca%%
The visit of a vessel to a port.
Ca%% S(!
A code published by the 1nternational Telecommunication Union in its annual <ist of Ships% Stations to
be used for the information interchange between vessels" port authorities and other relevant
participants in international trade.
Note: The code structure is based on a three digit designation series assigned by the 1TU and a one
digit assigned by the country of registration. ),D9, F,34 Nedlloyd 8otterdam*
Camber
Slightly arched form of container/floors to strengthen the construction.
Capa"t,
!. The ability" in a given time" of a resource measured in (uality and (uantity.
#. The (uantity of goods which can be stored in or loaded into a warehouse" store and0or loaded
into a means of transport at a particular time.
Capa"t, Co!tro%
,rocess of registering and steering of capacity.
Capsta!
'echanical device with drum having a vertical spindle used to tighten or slac-en mooring ropes or to
haul an anchor.
Car(o
!. Aoods transported or to be transported" all goods carried on a ship covered by a 50<.
#. Any goods" wares" merchandise" and articles of every -ind whatsoever carried on a ship"
other than mail" ship%s stores" ship%s spare parts" ship%s e(uipment" stowage material" crew%s
effects and passengers% accompanied baggage )1'4*.
6. Any property carried on an aircraft" other than mail" stores and accompanied or mishandled
baggage Also referred to as %goods% )1CA4*.
Car(o Assemb%,
The separate reception of parcels or pac-ages and the holding of them for later despatch as one
consignment )air cargo*.
Car(o Dsassemb%,
The separation of one or more of the component parts of a consignment )from other parts of such
consignment* for any purpose other than that of presenting such part or parts to customs authorities at
the specific re(uest of such authorities )air cargo*.
Car(o Ha!$%!(
All procedures necessary to enable the physical handling of goods.
Car(o Restr"to! Co$e
A code indicating that the use of a certain container is restricted to particular cargo.
Car(o Tra"er
A document sent by the agent to all relevant parties" stating that certain cargo is either missing or over/
landed.
Car(o U!t
A vehicle" container" pallet" flat" portable tan- or any other entity or any part thereof which belongs to
the ship but is not permanently attached to that ship.
Carra(e
The process of transporting )conveying* cargo" from one point to another.
Carra(e Pa$ To 0999!ame$ p%a"e o# $est!ato!1
Abbreviation+ C,T
See $nco %erms
Carra(e a!$ I!s&ra!"e Pa$ To 0999!ame$ p%a"e o# $est!ato!1
Abbreviation+ C1,
See $nco %erms
Carrer
The party underta-ing transport of goods from one point to another.
Carrer Ha&%a(e
The inland transport service" which is performed by the sea/carrier under the terms and conditions of
the tariff and of the relevant transport document.
Carrers B%% o# 2a$!( Ports
Terminal" ,re/terminal port or ,ost/terminal ,ort as per tariff" indicated on the 5ill of <ading and which
is not the port physically called at by Carriers% ocean vessels.
Note: Under normal circumstances in the 50< only ports should be mentioned which are actually called
at.
Carrers8 2e!
@hen the shipper ships goods %collect%" the carrier has a possessory claim on these goods" which
means that the carrier can retain possession of the goods as security for the charges due.
Carr,!( Temperat&re
8e(uired cargo temperature during transport and storage.
See also+ Setting0Air Delivery Temperature
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Carta(e
See &aulage
Cas- A(a!st Do"&me!ts
Abbreviation+ CAD
Terms of payment+ if the buyer of goods pays for the goods against transfer of the documents" entitling
him to obtain delivery of the goods from the carrier.
Cas- O! De%+er,
Abbreviation+ C4D
Terms of payment+ if the carrier collects a payment from the consignee and remits the amount to the
shipper )air cargo*.
Ca+eat Emptor
<et the buyer beware" purchaser must ascertain the condition of the goods to be purchased prior to the
purchase.
Ca+tato!
The formation of partial vacuum bubbles on submerged surfaces caused by low pressure arising from
a hydrodynamic flow as a result of mechanical force" usually associated with the use of propellers. The
collapse of the bubbles causes surface damage and pits.
Ce%%
<ocation on board of a container vessel where one container can be stowed.
Ce%% Posto!
The location of a cell on board of a container vessel identified by a code for successively the bay" the
row and the tier" indicating the position of a container on that vessel.
Ce%%7(&$e
Steel bars and rails used to steer containers during loading and discharging whilst sliding in the ship.
Ce%%&%ar Vesse%
A vessel" specially designed and e(uipped for the carriage of containers.
Ce!tra% /are-o&se
A warehouse which performs central functions for a number of warehouses.
Ce!tre o# Gra+t,
,oint at which the entire weight of a body may be considered as concentrated so that if supported at
this point the body would remain in e(uilibrium in any position.
Cert#"ate
A document by which a fact is formally or officially attested and in which special re(uirements and
conditions can be stated.
Cert#"ate o# A!a%,ss
A document" often re(uired by an importer or governmental authorities" attesting to the (uality or purity
of commodities. The origin of the certification may be a chemist or any other authorised body such as
an inspection firm retained by the e.porter or importer. 1n some cases the document may be drawn up
by the manufacturer certifying that the merchandise shipped has been tested in his facility and found
conform to the specifications.
Cert#"ate o# C%ass#"ato!
A certificate" issued by the classification society and stating the class under which a vessel is
registered.
Cert#"ate o# De%+er,
A certificate" indicating the condition of a vessel upon delivery for a charter including ballast" available
bun-ers and fresh water.
Cert#"ate o# Free Sa%e
A certificate" re(uired by some countries as evidence that the goods are normally sold on the open
mar-et and approved by the regulatory authorities in the country of origin.
Cert#"ate o# Or(!
A certificate" showing the country of original production of goods. $re(uently used by customs in
ascertaining duties under preferential tariff programmes or in connection with regulating imports from
specific sources.
Cert#"ate o# Re$e%+er,
A certificate" indicating the condition of a vessel upon redelivery from a charter including ballast"
available bun-ers and fresh water.
Cert#"ato! A&t-ort, 0:e, Ma!a(eme!t1
The certification authority is the central party of a -ey management system. 1t provides certificates to
the users so that GtrustG can be established between different users based on the GtrustG between the
8egistration Authority and users. These certificates are furthermore made available in one or more
directories which can be accessed by all users.
C-a! Co!+e,or
A conveyor consisting of two or more strands of chain running in parallel trac-s with the loads carried
directly on the chains.
C-a!72o")er
Compartment at the forward part of the ship designed for the storage of the anchor chain.
C-ar(e
An amount to be paid for carriage of goods based on the applicable rate of such carriage" or an amount
to be paid for a special or incidental service in connection with the carriage of goods.
C-ar(e T,pe
A separate" identifiable element of charges to be used in the pricing0rating of common services
rendered to customers.
C-arter Co!tra"t
See Charter Part!
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C-arter Part,
!. A contract in which the shipowner agrees to place his vessel or a part of it at the disposal of a
third party" the charterer" for the carriage of goods for which he receives a freight per ton
cargo" or to let his vessel for a definite period or trip for which a hire is paid.
#. synonym+ Charter Contract.
C-arterer
The legal person who has signed a charter party with the owner of a vessel or an aircraft and thus hires
or leases a vessel or an aircraft or a part of the capacity thereof.
C-asss
!. A wheeled carriage onto which an ocean container is mounted for inland conveyance
#. The part of a motor vehicle that includes the engine" the frame" suspension system" wheels"
steering mechanism etc." but not the body.
C%am
A charge made against a carrier for loss" damage or delay.
C%ass#"ato!
Arrangement according to a systematic division of a number of ob&ects into groups" based on some
li-eness or some common traits.
C%ass#"ato! So"et,
An 4rganisation" whose main function is to carry out surveys of vessels" its purpose being to set and
maintain standards of construction and up-eep for vessels" their engines and their safety e(uipment. A
classification society also inspects and approves the construction of ,34 Nedlloyd containers.
C%ea! B%% o# 2a$!(
A 5ill of <ading which does not contain any (ualification about the apparent order and condition of the
goods to be transported )it bears no stamped clauses on the front of the 50<*. 1t bears no
superimposed clauses e.pressly declaring a defective condition of the goods or pac-aging )resolution
of the 1CS !>!*.
C%ea! o! Boar$
@hen goods are loaded on board and the document issued in respect to these goods is clean.
Note: Through the usage of the UC, ?? rules the term has now become superfluous.
C%eara!"e Term!a%
Terminal where Customs facilities for the clearance of goods are available.
C%eare$ /t-o&t E'am!ato!
Abbreviation+ C@;
Cleared by customs without inspection.
C%e!t
A party with which a company has a commercial relationship concerning the transport of e.g. cargo or
concerning certain services of the company concerned" either directly or through an agent.
C%p o! U!t
Abbreviation+ C4U
Detachable aggregate for a temperature controlled container )Conair*.
C%ose$ Ve!t%ate$ Co!ta!er
A container of a closed type" similar to a general purpose container" but specially designed for carriage
of cargo where ventilation" either natural or mechanical )forced*" is necessary.
Co7%oa$!(
The loading" on the way" of cargo from another shipper" having the same final destination as the cargo
loaded earlier.
Co7ma)ers-p
The long/term relationship between e.g. a supplier or a carrier and a customer" on the basis of mutual
confidence.
Co7s-ppers-p
See Co'ma(ership
Coam!(
Structure around the hatch or door opening of a ship intended to provide seating for the cover" to stiffen
the dec- or plates and to prevent the ingress of water.
Coaster
A relative small ship plying between coastal ports.
Co$e
A character string that represents a member set of values.
Co$e 2st
The complete set of code values for a data item.
Co##er$am
An empty space on board of a vessel between two bul-heads or two dec-s separating oil tan-s from
each other and0or the engine room or other compartments.
Co%%apsb%e Co!ta!er
Container which can be easily folded" disassembled and reassembled.
Comb!ato! C-ar(e
An amount which is obtained by combining two or more charges.
Comb!ato! C-asss
A chassis which can carry either one forty foot or thirty foot container or a combination of shorter
containers e.g. # . #? foot.
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Comb!e$ Tra!sport
1ntermodal transport where the ma&or part of the &ourney is by one mode such as rail" inland waterway
or sea and any initial and0or final leg carried out by another mode such as road.
Comb!e$ Tra!sport B%% o# 2a$!(
See Bill of Lading R)*+
Comb!e$ Tra!sport Do"&me!t
Abbreviation+ CTD
Negotiable or non/negotiable document evidencing a contract for the performance and0or procurement
of performance of combined transport of goods.
Thus a combined transport document is a document issued by a Carrier who contracts as a principal
with the 'erchant to effect a combined transport often on a door/to/door basis.
Comb!e$ Tra!sport Operator
Abbreviation+ CT4
A party who underta-es to carry goods with different modes of transport.
Commer"a% I!+o"e
A document showing commercial values of the transaction between the buyer and seller.
Commo$t,
1ndication of the type of goods. Commodities are coded according to the harmonised system.
Commo$t, Bo' Rate
A rate classified by commodity and (uoted per container.
Commo$t, Co$e
Code used in the 9armonised System for the classification of goods" which are most commonly
produced and traded.
Commo$t, Item N&mber
Specific description number re(uired in air transport to indicate that a specific freight rate applies.
Commo! A""ess Re#ere!"e
A -ey to relate all subse(uent transfers of data to the same business case or file.
Compa(!e&rs Nato!a%es $es Co!te!e&rs
Abbreviation+ CNC affiliate of the $rench National 8ailways for Container traffic.
Compass
1nstrument used for showing the direction of north and the relative heading of the ship compared with
this direction.
Compo!e!t
A uni(uely identifiable product that is considered indivisible for a particular planning or control purpose"
and0or which cannot be decomposed without destroying it.
Note: A component for one organisational group may be the final assembly of another group )e.g.
electric motor*.
Compra$ore
A local advisor or agent employed by a foreign party or company who acts as an intermediary in
transactions with local inhabitants.
Comp&ter Vr&s
A program that can infect other programs by modifying them to include a possibly evolved copy of
itself.
Co!ar Co!ta!er
Thermal container served by an e.ternal cooling system )e.g. a vessel%s cooling system or a Clip 4n
Unit*" which regulates the temperature of the cargo.
Note: Conair is a brand name.
Co!$to!s
!. Anything called for as re(uirements before the performance or completion of something else.
#. Contractual stipulations which are printed on a document or provided separately.
Co!$to!s o# Carra(e
The general terms and conditions established by a carrier in respect of the carriage )air cargo*.
Co!$to!s o# Co!tra"t
Terms and conditions shown on the Air @aybill )air cargo*.
Co!es
Devices for facilitating the loading" positioning and lashing of containers. The cones insert into the
bottom castings of the container.
Co!#ere!"e
See Liner conference
Co!(esto!
Accumulation of vessels at a port to the e.tent that vessels arriving to load or discharge are obliged to
wait for a vacant berth.
Co!!e"t!( Carrer
A carrier to whose services the cargo is to be transferred for onward connecting transport )air cargo*.
Co!!e"t!( Roa$ Ha&%a(e
See Dra!age
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Co!se!s&s
Aeneral agreement" characterised by the absence of sustained opposition to substantial issues by any
important part of concerned interests and by a process that involves see-ing to ta-e into account the
views of all parties concerned and to reconcile any conflicting arguments. Consensus needs not to
imply unanimity.
Co!s(!ee
The party such as mentioned in the transport document by whom the goods" cargo or containers are to
be received.
Co!s(!me!t
A separate identifiable number of goods )available to be* transported from one consignor to one
consignee via one or more than one modes of transport and specified in one single transport
document.
Co!s(!me!t I!str&"to!s
1nstructions from either the seller0consignor or the buyer0consignee to a freight forwarder" carrier or his
agent" or other provider of a service" enabling the movement of goods and associated activities. The
following functions can be covered+
'ovement and handling of goods )shipping" forwarding and stowage*.
Customs formalities.
Distribution of documents.
Allocation of documents )freight and charges for the connected operations*.
Special instructions )insurance" dangerous goods" goods release" additional documents
re(uired*.
Co!s(!me!t Note
A document prepared by the shipper and comprising a transport contract. 1t contains details of the
consignment to be carried to the port of loading and it is signed by the inland carrier as proof of receipt.
Co!s(!me!t Sto")
The stoc- of goods with an e.ternal party )customer* which is still the property of the supplier. ,ayment
for these goods is made to the supplier at the moment when they are sold )used* by this party.
Co!s(!or
See Shipper
Co!so%$ate
To group and stuff several shipments together in one container.
Co!so%$ate$ Co!ta!er
Container stuffed with several shipments )consignments* from different shippers for delivery to one or
more consignees.
Co!so%$ato!
The grouping together of smaller consignments of goods into a large consignment for carriage as a
larger unit in order to obtain a reduced rate.
Co!so%$ato! Po!t
<ocation where consolidation of consignments ta-es place.
Co!so%$ator
A firm or company which consolidates cargo.
Co!sort&m
Consortium is a form of co/operation between two or more carriers to operate in a particular trade.
Co!s&%ar I!+o"e
An invoice covering shipment of goods certified by a consular official of the destination country" and
used normally by customs or officials concerned with foreign e.change availability to ascertain the
correctness of commercial invoice values.
Co!ta!er
An item of e(uipment as defined by the 1nternational 4rganisation for Standardisation )1S4* for
transport purposes. 1t must be of+
!. a permanent character and accordingly strong enough to be suitable for repeated use.
#. specially designed to facilitate the carriage of goods" by one or more modes of transport
without intermediate reloading.
6. fitted with devices permitting its ready handling" particularly from one mode of transport to
another.
7. so designed as to be easy to fill and empty.
. having an internal volume of ! m6 or more.
The term container includes neither vehicles nor conventional pac-ing.
Co!ta!er Bo%ster
A container floor without sides or end walls which does not have the 1S4 corner fittings and is generally
used for 8o08o operations.
Note: A bolster cannot be handled either full or empty by a container spreader without special gear.
Co!ta!er C-asss
A vehicle specially built for the purpose of transporting a container so that" when container and chassis
are assembled" the produced unit serves as a road trailer.
Co!ta!er C-e") D(t
The 7th digit of the serial number of a container used to chec- whether prefi. and serial number are
correct.
Co!ta!er Depot
Storage area for empty containers.
Co!ta!er Fre(-t Stato!
Abbreviation+ C$S
A facility at which )e.port* <C< cargo is received from merchants for loading )stuffing* into containers or
at which )import* <C< cargo is unloaded )stripped* from containers and delivered to merchants.
Co!ta!er 2ease
The contract by which the owner of containers )lessor* gives the use of containers to a lessee for a
specified period of time and for fi.ed payments.
Co!ta!er 2oa$ P%a! 0C2P1
A list of items loaded in a specific container and where appropriate their se(uence of loading.
Co!ta!er 2o(st"s
The controlling and positioning of containers and other e(uipment.
Co!ta!er Ma!#est
The document specifying the contents of particular freight containers or other transport units" prepared
by the party responsible for their loading into the container or unit.
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Co!ta!er Mo+es
The number of actions performed by one container crane during a certain period.
Co!ta!er N&mber
1dentification number of a container consisting of prefi. and serial number and chec- digit. )e.g. HN<U
!#67:/7*
See also+ Container Serial Number and Container ,refi.
Co!ta!er O*!er
A party who has a container at his disposal and who is entitled to lease or sell the container.
Co!ta!er P%at#orm
A container floor without sides or end walls" which can be loaded by spreader directly and is generally"
used for <o/<o operations.
Co!ta!er Poo%
A certain stoc- of containers which is &ointly used by several container carriers and0or leasing
companies.
Co!ta!er Pre#'
A four letter code that forms the first part of a container identification number indicating the owner of a
container.
Co!ta!er Sa#et, Co!+e!to!
Abbreviation+ CSC
1nternational convention for safe containers.
Co!ta!er Sera% N&mber
A seven digit serial number ): plus ! Chec- Digit* that forms the second part of a container
identification number.
Co!ta!er Ser+"e C-ar(es
Charges to be paid by cargo interests as per tariff.
Co!ta!er S4e Co$e
An indication of # digits of the nominal length and nominal height.
See also+ SiDe0Type 1S4:67:
Co!ta!er S4e3T,pe
Description of the siDe and type of a freight container or similar unit load device as specified in
1S4:67:.
Co!ta!er Sta")
Two or more containers" one placed above the other" forming a vertical column.
See also+ Stac-
Co!ta!er S&b%ease
Contract by which a carrier gives the use of containers to another carrier for a specified period of time
and for fi.ed payments.
Co!ta!er Term!a%
,lace where loaded and0or empty containers are loaded or discharged into or from a means of
transport.
Co!ta!er T,pe Co$e
Two digits" the first of which indicates the category and the second of which indicates certain physical
characteristics or other attributes.
See also+ Container SiDe0Type 1S4:67:
Co!ta!er Yar$
Abbreviation+ CI
A facility at which $C< traffic and empty containers are received from or delivered to the 'erchant by
or on behalf of the Carrier.
Note: 4ften this yard is used to receive goods on behalf of the merchant and pac- these in containers
for $C< traffic.
Co!ta!erse$
1ndication that goods have been stowed in a container.
Co!traba!$
Aoods forbidden by national law to be imported or e.ported.
Co!tra"t
An agreement enforceable by law between two or more parties stipulating their rights and obligations
which are re(uired by one or both parties to acts or forbearance by the other or both.
Co!tra"t 2o(st"s
The contracting out of all the warehousing" transport and distribution activities or a part thereof by
manufacturing companies.
Co!tra"t o# A##re(-tme!t
An agreement whereby the shipowner agrees to carry goods by water" or furnishes a vessel for the
purpose of carrying goods by water" in return for a sum of money called freight. There are two forms+
the charter party and the contract contained in the 5ill of <ading.
Co!tra"t&a% Port o# 2oa$!(
A port at which an ocean vessel does not call" but which is e(ualised with the actual port of call and
upon which inland haulage services and inland tariffs are based.
Note: Aenerally spea-ing it is seen as the port to be mentioned on the 50< from which cargo is
accepted )e.g. delivered by the consignee for sea transport*.
Co!tro%
The registration and chec- on data and activities as well as determining supervising procedures and
changes related to procedures.
Co!+e!to! I!ter!ato!a%e Co!"er!a!t %e Tra!sport $es Mar"-a!$ses par C-em! $e Fer
Abbreviation+ C1'
1nternational agreement" applied by !> ;uropean railway companies" setting out conditions for
international railway transport of goods and the liabilities of the carrier.
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Co!+e!to! Re%at+e a& Co!trat $e Tra!sport I!ter!ato!a% $e Mar"-a!$se par Ro&te
Abbreviation+ C'8
Convention for the international carriage of goods by road" setting out the conditions of carriage and
the liabilities of the carrier.
Note: Adherence to this set of regulations reflects a desire to standardise items such as documentation
and rules on the carriers liability.
Co!+e!to!a% Car(o
See Brea( Bul( Cargo
Co!+ertor Do%%,
An au.iliary undercarriage assembly consisting of a chassis" fifth wheel and towbar used to convert a
semi/trailer or a container chassis to a full trailer.
Co!+e,a!"e
Transport of goods from one place to another.
Co!+e,or
A mechanical device in the form of a continuous belt for transporting cargo.
Core Compete!"e
The combination of individual s-ills and use of technologies that underlay the various products and or
services of a business.
Core Data
The fundamental set of data that is needed to convey the essential minimum detail for a specific
transaction type. 1deally the detail should be all re(uired pieces of information with no" or at least the
very minimum of" options.
Core Master Data
The fundamental set of data that is needed to establish sufficient )but minimum* reference material to
support the ma.imum use of pre/code" pre/agreed information enabling simple )minimum re(uired
content* transaction messaging.
Core S,stems
Systems which are corporately owned and used globally. The systems are managed and controlled by
a global team of specialists. The systems are considered as -ey for the general functioning of the
entire company.
Cor!er Ftt!(s
$ittings located at the corners of containers providing means of supporting" stac-ing" handling and
securing the container.
Cor!er Post
Jertical structural member at either side of an %end frame% of a container &oining a top and a bottom
corner fitting )and thereby forming a %corner structure%*.
Corre"to! Messa(e
A substitution for what has been wrong in a prior data interchange between computers in accordance
with interchange agreements.
Cost a!$ Fre(-t 0999!ame$ port o# $est!ato!1
Abbreviation+ C$8
See $nco %erms
Cost; I!s&ra!"e a!$ Fre(-t 0999!ame$ port o# $est!ato!1
Abbreviation+ C1$
See $nco %erms
Co&!"% o# E&ropea! a!$ <apa!ese Nato!a% S-po*!er8s Asso"ato!s
Abbreviation+ C;NSA
The main ob&ectives of this 4rganisation are to promote and protect sound Shipping policies in all
sectors of shipping" to co/ordinate and present the views of its members and to e.change views with
other shipowner groups.
Co&!tr, o# Depart&re
Country from which a certain means of transport is scheduled to depart or has departed.
Co&!tr, o# Despat"-
Country from which the goods are shipped.
Co&!tr, o# Or(!
Country in which the goods have been produced or manufactured" according to criteria laid down for
the purpose of application of the customs tariff" of (uantitative restrictions" or of any other measure
related to trade.
Co&!tr, o# Pro+e!a!"e
The country from which goods or cargo are sent to the importing country.
Cra!e
A machine designed for moving and lifting weight by means of a movable pro&ecting arm or a horiDontal
beam" which is able to travel over a certain distance.
Cre* Member
Any person actually employed for duties on board during a voyage in the wor-ing or service of a ship
and included in the crew list )1'4*.
Crt"a% Pat- Met-o$
A networ- planning techni(ue used for planning and controlling the activities in a pro&ect. 5y showing
each of these activities and their associated times" the %critical path% can be determined. The critical
path is the series of successive activities which ta-es up most time and is therefore decisive for the
total lead time of the pro&ect.
Cross Tra$es
Term used in ,34 Nedlloyd for the services of a vessel between nations other than the nation in which
the vessel is registered )UNCTAD*.
Cr&se S-p
A ship on an international voyage carrying passengers participating in a group program and
accommodated on board" for the purpose of ma-ing scheduled temporary tourist visits at one or more
different ports" and which during the voyage does not normally+ )a* embar- or disembar- any other
passengersB )b* load or discharge any cargo.
C&rre!",
A medium of e.change of value" defined by reference to the geographical location of the authorities
responsible for it )1S47#!7*.
1n general" the monetary unit involved in a transaction and represented by a name or a symbol.
C&rre!", A$5&stme!t Fa"tor
Abbreviation+ CA$
Ad&ustment applied by ,34 Nedlloyd lines or liner conferences on freight rates to offset losses or gains
for carriers resulting from fluctuations in e.change rates of tariff currencies.
C&stomer
See Client
C&stomer P") Up
Cargo pic-ed up by a customer at a warehouse.
C&stomer Ser+"e
!. The way in which during a commercial relationship the wishes and demands of the
)prospective* client are catered for.
#. Supporting activities at the customer interface adding value to a product )C;N#76*.
C&stomer Ser+"e 2e+e%
A performance measure of customer service.
Note: generally this is seen as the degree with which customer orders can be e.ecuted" in accordance
with the terms which are generally accepted in the mar-et.
C&stoms
The department of the Civil Service that deals with the levying of duties and ta.es on imported goods
from foreign countries and the control over the e.port and import of goods e.g. allowed (uota
prohibited goods.
C&stoms Bro)er
An authorised agent specialised in customs clearance procedures on account of importers0e.porters.
C&stoms C%eara!"e A(e!t
Customs bro-er or other agent of the consignee designated to perform customs clearance services for
the consignee.
C&stoms I!+o"e
Document re(uired by the customs in an importing country in which an e.porter states the invoice or
other price )e.g. selling price" price of identical goods*" and specifies costs for freight" insurance and
pac-ing etc." terms of delivery and payment" for the purpose of determining the customs value in the
importing country of goods consigned to that country.
C&stoms Va%&e
The worth of an item or group of items e.pressed in a monetary amount" within a consignment
declared to Customs for duty and statistical reasons.
C,ber!et"s
The study of control processes in mechanical" biological" electrical and information systems.
C,"%e Sto")
That portion of stoc- available or planned to be available in a given period for normal demand"
e.cluding e.cess stoc- and safety stoc-.
D
Dama(e Report
$orm on which physical damage is recorded )e.g. containers*.
Dama(e$ Car(o Report
@ritten statement concerning established damages to cargo and0or e(uipment.
Da!(ero&s Goo$s
Aoods are to be considered dangerous if the transport of such goods might cause harm" ris-" peril" or
other evil to people" environment" e(uipment or any property whatsoever.
Da!(ero&s Goo$s De"%arato!
Document issued by a consignor in accordance with applicable conventions or regulations" describing
haDardous goods or materials for transport purposes" and stating that the latter have been pac-ed and
labelled in accordance with the provisions of the relevant conventions or regulations.
Da!(ero&s Goo$s Pa")!( Cert#"ate
A document as part of the dangerous goods declaration in which the responsible party declares that
the cargo has been stowed in accordance with the rules in a clean container in compliance with the
1'DA regulations and properly secured.
Data
A re/interpretable representation of information in a formalised manner suitable for communication"
interpretation or processing.
Data Carrer
'edium designed to carry records of data entries.
Data P%ate
A metal identification plate affi.ed to a container" which displays among others the gross and tare
weights and e.ternal dimensions.
Dea$#re(-t
Slots paid for but not used.
Dea$%oa$
The difference between the actual and calculated ship%s draft.
Dea$*e(-t
Abbreviation+ D@T
The total weight of cargo" cargo e(uipment" bun-ers" provisions" water" stores and spare parts which a
vessel can lift when loaded to her ma.imum draught as applicable under the circumstances. The dead/
weight is e.pressed in tons.
De"so! S&pport S,stem
Abbreviation+ DSS
An interactive computer/based system which generates a number of alternatives to solve an
unstructured problem. These alternatives are being interpreted by the manager )decision/ ma-er*"
whereafter he decides which alternative is to be used to solve the problem.
De")
Any e.tended horiDontal structure in a vessel or an aircraft" serving as a floor and structural support"
covering" partially or fully" a portion of the vessel or aircraft.
De"%arato! o# Or(!
Appropriate statement as to the origin of the goods" made in connection with their e.portation by the
manufacturer" producer" supplier" e.porter or other competent person on the commercial invoice or any
document relating to goods.
De"%are$ Va%&e #or Carra(e
The value of the goods declared to the carrier by the shipper for the purpose of determining charges or
of establishing the limit of the carrier%s liability for loss" damage or delay. 1t is also the basis for possible
applicable valuation charges )air cargo*.
De"o&p%!( I!+e!tor,
A stoc- retained to ma-e the independent control of two successive operations possible.
De"o&p%!( Po!t
The point in the supply chain which provides a buffer between differing input and output rates.
De$"ate$ Ser+"e
!. A service specially designed for the use by one or more particular customers.
#. A service )e.g. feeder* totally under control of the ,34 Nedlloyd <ine
Deep Ta!)
Tan- fitted and e(uipped for the carriage of vegetable oil )e.g. palm oil and coconut oil* and other
li(uids in bul-. 5y means of oil/tight bul-heads and0or dec-s it is possible to carry different -inds of
li(uid in ad&acent tan-s. Deep tan-s may be e(uipped with heating facilities in order to carry and
discharge oil at the re(uired temperature ),34 Nedlloyd*.
De#a&%t C-ar(e
A )standard* charge applicable for a trade" stretch or location.
1n the absence of specifics )not otherwise specified0enumerated* a general amount has been set.
De(ro&pa(e
Splitting up shipments into small consignments.
De%a, ! Tra!st 0DIT1
Delay of shipment at the customerGs re(uest.
De%+ere$ At Fro!ter 0999!ame$ p%a"e1
Abbreviation+ DA$
See $nco %erms
De%+ere$ D&t, Pa$ 0999!ame$ p%a"e o# $est!ato!1
Abbreviation+ DD,
See $nco %erms
De%+ere$ D&t, U!pa$ 0999!ame$ p%a"e o# $est!ato!1
Abbreviation+ DDU
See $nco %erms
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De%+ere$ E' =&a, 0999!ame$ port o# $est!ato!1
Abbreviation+ D;2
See $nco %erms
De%+ere$ E' S-p 0999!ame$ port o# $est!ato!1
Abbreviation+ D;S
See $nco %erms
De%+er!( Carrer
The carrier who delivers the consignment to the consignee or his agent )air cargo*.
De%+er,
The process of delivering the consignment to the consignee at the agreed place.
De%+er, I!str&"to!
Document issued by a buyer giving instructions regarding the details of the delivery of goods ordered.
De%+er, Note
A document recording the delivery of products to a consignee )customer*.
De%+er, Or$er
!. A carrierGs delivery order )negotiable document* is used for splitting a 50< )after surrender* in
different parcels and have the same function as a 50<.
#. The authorisation of the entitled party for the shipment to a party other than the consignee
showed on the Air @aybill )air cargo*.
De%+er, Part,
The party to which goods are to be delivered.
De%+er, Re%ab%t,
The proportion of total delivery occasions in which the time" place" (uality and (uantity of products
delivered accords with the order.
De%+er, S"-e$&%e
The re(uired and0or agreed time of delivery of goods or services purchased for a future period.
De%+er, Ser+"e
The carriage of inbound consignments from the airport of destination to the address of the consignee
or his designated agent or to the custody of the appropriate custom department agency when re(uired
)air cargo*.
De%+er, Tme
The time between order and delivery.
Dema!$
The (uantity of goods re(uired by the mar-et to be delivered in a particular period or at a specific date.
Demse C-arter
A contract whereby the shipowner leases his vessel to the charterer for a period of time during which
the whole use and management of the vessel passes to the charterer" which involves that the charterer
is to pay all e.penses for the operation and maintenance of the vessel. 4fficers and crew will become
servants of the charterer.
A demise charter whereby the charterer has the right to place his own master and crew on board of the
vessel is also called %bareboat charter%.
Dem&rra(e
!. A variable fee charged to carriers and0or customers for the use of Unit <oad Devices )U<D%s*
owned by a carrier beyond the free time of shipment.
#. Additional charge imposed for e.ceeding the free time" which is included in the rate and
allowed for the use of certain e(uipment at the terminal.
De!st, o# Commo$t,
The mass of a commodity to its volume.
Depe!$e!t Dema!$
A demand directly related to or derived from the demand for other items or end products. Dependent
demands are therefore calculated" and need not and should not be forecast.
Depot
The place designated by the carrier where empty containers are -ept in stoc- and received from or
delivered to the container operators or merchants.
Depot 2o"ato!
The geographical place where one or more ,34 Nedlloyd depots are situated.
Derr")
<ifting e(uipment on board a conventional vessel for loading and discharging cargo" consisting of a
post attached to the dec- and an inclined spar.
Despat"-
The process of sending goods.
Despat"- A$+"e
1nformation send by shippers to the recipient of goods informing that specified goods are sent or ready
to be sent advising the detailed contents of the consignment.
Despat"- Da,s
The days gained if the free time included in the rate and allowed for the use of certain e(uipment is not
fully used.
Despat"- Note 0#or post par"e%s1
Document which" according to the agreement concerning postal parcels" is to accompany post parcels.
bac- to top
Dest!ato!
!. ,lace for which goods or a vehicle is bound.
#. The ultimate stopping place according to the contract of carriage )air cargo*.
Det Nors)e Vertas
Norwegian classification society.
Dete!to!
Heeping e(uipment beyond the time allowed.
See Demurrage
Dete!to! C-ar(e
Charges levied on usage of e(uipment e.ceeding free time period as stipulated in the pertinent inland
rules and conditions.
Deterorato!
The downgrading of a product due to long storage" damage to pac-ing or other e.ternal influences.
De+a!!!(
See Stripping, -npac(ing
De+ato! #rom a Ro&te
A divergence from the agreed or customary route.
Dme!so!s
'easurements in length" width and height" regarding cargo.
Dre"t De%+er,
!. The conveyance of goods directly from the vendor to the buyer. $re(uently used if a third
party acts as intermediary agent between vendor and buyer.
#. Direct discharge from vessel onto railroad car" road vehicle or barge with the purpose of
immediate transport from the port area )usually occurs when ports lac- ade(uate storage
space or when ports are not e(uipped to handle a specific cargo*.
Dre"t I!ter"-a!(e
Transfer of leased e(uipment from one lessee to another )container*.
Dre"t Pro$&"t Pro#tab%t,
Abbreviation+ D,,
System employed mainly within the retail sector for calculating the profit from any given product in any
given position within the supply chain" re(uiring transparency and management of all logistic costs.
Dre"t Ro&te
The shortest operated route between two points.
Dsb&rseme!t
Sums paid out by a ship%s agent at a port and recovered from the carrier.
Ds"-ar(e
!. The unloading of a vehicle" a vessel or an aircraft.
#. The landing of cargo.
Ds"repa!",
Difference between the particulars given and the particulars found.
Ds"rete Co$e
A bar code in which the spaces between characters )inter character gaps* are not part of the code as
each character begins and ends with a bar. The spaces can therefore vary in width" specified
tolerances.
An e.ample is Code 6>.
Dspat"-
See Despatch
Dsp%a"eme!t
The weight of the (uantity of water displaced by the vessel. The displacement of the vessel on her light
draft represents the weight of the vessel ready for use including stores etc.
Dsposab%e Pa%%et
,allet intended to be discarded after a single cycle of use.
Dsposa% C-a!
A se(uence of events in a goods/flow which gets rid of a specific good. This may include removal"
recycling" waste dumping etc.
Dsposa% o# Goo$s
The act of getting rid of goods.
Dsposto!!(
All activities relating to the inland movement of empty and or full containers.
Dstrb&to!
The set of activities which ensure the availability of goods in the desired (uality" (uantity" place and
time for the customer.
See also+ ,hysical Distribution
Dstrb&to! Ce!tre
A warehouse for the receipt" the storage and the dispersal of goods among customers.
bac- to top
Dstrb&to! C-a!!e%
The route by which a company distributes goods.
Dstrb&to! Re.&reme!ts P%a!!!(
Abbreviation+ D8,/1
The function of determining the need to replenish stoc- at branch warehouses.
Dstrb&to! Reso&r"e P%a!!!(
Abbreviation+ D8,/11
The set of concepts" procedures and techni(ues" being an e.tension of D8,/1" for the effective
planning and control of the physical distribution.
D+$er
A vertically mounted partition in a compartment on board of an aircraft.
Do") B&mpers
Cushioning devices )rubber" plastic" wood" etc.* mounted at the e.treme rear of a chassis or trailer to
ta-e the impact when it bac-s into a loading doc- or platform )road cargo*.
Do") Re"ept
Document issued by ,34 Nedlloyd ac-nowledging that goods are received for shipment.
Do"&me!t
Anything printed" written" relied upon to record or prove something.
Do"&me!t Ho%$er
Usually fastened to the door on the front of a container. 'ay contain e.g. a certificate of approval of the
container.
Domest" Carra(e
Carriage whereby the place of departure and the place of destination are situated within one country
)air cargo*.
Domest" Rate
8ate applicable within a country" and in most cases sub&ect to special conditions other than those of
1ATA )air cargo*.
Door 2o") Bars
See Bars
Door to Door Tra!sport
See &ouse to &ouse %ransport
Do&b%e Ba!)!(
Two vessels moored alongside each other on a certain berth.
Do&b%e Sta") Tra!
A number of railway wagons" usually a bloc- train" on which containers can be stac-ed two/ high.
Do&b%e bottom
Construction of the bottom of a ship whereby a generally watertight space is formed between the shell
and an inner bottom placed at a sufficient height above the baseline to allow access and to reduce
ris-s due to grounding or colliding.
Do&b%e7$e") Pa%%et
$lat pallet with a top and bottom dec-.
Do*! Tme
The period of time when a machine is not available for production due to a functional failure or
maintenance.
Dra#t
The draft of a vessel is the vertical distance between the waterline and the underside of the -eel of the
vessel. During the construction of a vessel the mar-s showing the draft are welded on each side of the
vessel near the stem" the stern and amidships.
Dra&(-t
See Draft
Dra*ba")
8epayment of any part of customs or e.cise duties previously collected on imported goods" when
those goods are e.ported again.
Dra,a(e
!. The hauling of a load by a cart with detachable sides )dray*.
#. 8oad transportation between the nearest railway terminal and the stuffing place.
Dr%%!( R(
A structure" which drills wells in the bottom in order to search for oil.
Drop o## C-ar(e
Charge made by container owner and0or terminal operators for delivery of a leased" or pool container
into depot stoc-. The drop/off charge may be a combination of actual handling and storage charges
with surcharges.
Dr, B&%) Co!ta!er
Container consisting of a cargo/carrying structure" firmly secured within a framewor-" for the carriage of
dry solids in bul- without pac-aging.
Containers of this type have type codes =? and =!.
bac- to top
Dr, Car(o Co!ta!er
,34 Nedlloyd container which is designed for the carriage of goods other than li(uids.
D&!!a(e
Stowage material" mainly timber or board" used to prevent damage to cargo during carriage.
D&t, Free Zo!e
An area where goods or cargo can be stored without paying import customs duties awaiting further
transport or manufacturing.
E
EDI For A$m!strato!; Commer"e a!$ Tra!sport
Abbreviation+ UN0;D1$ACT
The 1S4 application level synta. rules for the structuring of user data and of the associated service
data in the interchange of messages in an open environment.
E"o!ometr" Mo$e%s
A system of simultaneous e(uations for forecasting" based on mutual dependency among the variables
used.
E"o!om" Spee$
That speed of a means of transport which produces the best possible financial result for the owner.
Such speed should not be in e.cess of the ma.imum or minimum output allowed for the engine)s*.
E"o!om, o# S"a%e
A phenomenon which encourages the production of larger volumes of a commodity to reduce its unit
cost by distributing fi.ed costs over a greater (uantity.
E%e"tro!" B&s!ess
The process of transacting business electronically. This includes the sharing of unstructured of
structured business information by any electronic means among suppliers" customers" governmental
bodies" service providers and other parties in order to conduct and e.ecute transactions in business"
administrative and other activities.
E%e"tro!" Data I!ter"-a!(e
Abbreviation+ ;D1
The transfer of structured data" by agreed standards from applications on the computer of one party to
the applications on the computer of another party by electronic means.
E%e"tro!" Data Pro"ess!(
Abbreviation+ ;D,
The computerised handling of information )e.g. business data*.
E%e+ator
;(uipment used to discharge some bul- cargoes such as grain which is removed from the hold by a
continuous line of buc-ets or by suction and carried on a conveyor belt to store.
Ema% 0E%e"tro!" ma%1
The sending of unstructured messages through the use of computer systems from one person to
others.
Embar(o
!. A government order prohibiting the entry or departure of commercial vessels or goods at its
ports.
#. The refusal by a carrier" for a limited period" to accept for transport over any route or segment
thereof" and to or from any area or point" of a connecting carrier" any commodity" type of class
of cargo duly tendered )air cargo*.
Emer(e!", Me$"a% Ser+"e
Abbreviation+ ;'S
'edical procedures in case of emergencies on board of vessels.
E!"r,pto!
A method of converting information into a form which can be transmitted over insecure channels such
as phone lines so that confidentiality is preserved.
E!$orseme!t
The transfer of the right to obtain delivery of the goods of the carrier by means of the consignee%s
signature on the reverse side of a bill of lading. 1f the name of the new consignee )transferee* is not
stated" the endorsement is an open one which means that every holder of the document is entitled to
obtain delivery of the goods.
E!.&r,
Document issued by a party interested in the purchase of goods specified therein and indicating
particular" desirable conditions regarding delivery terms" etc." addressed to a prospective supplier with
a view to obtaining an offer.
E!s(!
!. $lag declaring a ship%s country of registry.
#. Commissioned officer" lowest ran-.
E!terprse
An 4rganisation created to provide products and0or services to customers.
E!tt,
A tangible or abstract thing of relevance to business about which data may be -ept. ;.ample+
Customer" 4rder
E.&pme!t
'aterial resources necessary to facilitate the transport and handling of cargo. Transport e(uipment
does under the given circumstances not have the ability to move by its own propulsion )e.g. sea
container" trailer" unit load device" pallet*.
E.&pme!t Dama(e Report
Abbreviation+ ;D8
@ritten statement concerning damage to e(uipment" based on a physical inspection.
E.&pme!t I!ter"-a!(e Re"ept
Abbreviation+ ;18
,hysical inspection and transfer receipt.
Estmate$ Tme o# Arr+a%
Abbreviation+ ;TA
The e.pected date and time of arrival in a certain )air*port.
Estmate$ Tme o# Depart&re
Abbreviation+ ;TD
The e.pected date and time when a certain )air*port is left.
E&ropea! Art"%e N&mber!( Asso"ato!
Abbreviation+ ;AN
An international body responsible for administering the ;uropean Article Numbering system.
1t has affiliates in many countries such as+ CCA in @est Aermany" DCC in Eapan" ANA in the United
Hingdom.
Note: The North American body responsible for the Uniform ,roduct Code )U,C* coding is the Uniform
Code Council. )U,C is considered a subset of ;AN*.
E&ropea! Pa%%et Poo%
,ool for the e.change of standard siDe pallets )the so/called ;uropallets* in ;uropean cargo traffic"
formed in !>:! by a number of ;uropean rail administrators.
E&ropea! Zo!e C-ar(e
Abbreviation+ ;KC
A charge for inland haulage transport in case of carrier haulage in ;urope.
bac- to top
E+e! :ee%
Said of a vessel which is balanced in such a way that the draft forward and aft is the same as the draft
in the midship of the vessel on both sides.
E+e!t
An occurrence.
E+$e!"e
Something which supports a claim or hypothesis.
E' /or)s 0999!ame$ p%a"e1
Abbreviation+ ;L@
See $nco %erms
E'"epto!s C%a&se
See Exemption Clause
E'"ess
Aoing over the prescribed amount or degree e.g. e.cess luggage is luggage of which the weight is
over the weight for free carriage.
E'"ess Sto")
That portion of stoc- on hand which is over and above the desired stoc- level.
E'"-a!(e Rate
The rate at which one currency can be e.changed for another" usually e.pressed as the value of the
one in terms of the other.
E'e"&to!
The actual act of carrying out a tas-.
E'empto! C%a&se
A clause in a contract" which relieves the carrier%s responsibility for certain events.
E'pe"te$
<i-ely to occur or appear.
E'pe$t!(
The %rushing% or %chasing% of production or purchase orders which are needed in less than the normal
lead time.
E'pe!$ab%e Pa%%et
See Disposale Pallet
E'pe!ses
Costs paid out in connection with boo-ing of cargo and arranging transport )e.g. commission*.
E'prato!
Termination of a certain period.
E'port
The process of carrying or sending goods to another country or countries" especially for purposes of
use or sale in the country of destination. The sale of products to clients abroad.
E'port 2"e!"e
Document granting permission to e.port as detailed within a specified time.
E'port Pa")er
Company" pac-ing goods for e.port.
E'porter
The party responsible for the e.port of goods.
E'tra"t
Summary or copy of something written" e.g. used in connection with the log boo-.
F
FA2
$acilitation Committee of the 1'4.
FMC
$ederal 'aritime Commission )Control of Shipping acts USA*
FT2
$ull Truc- <oad" an indication for a truc- transporting cargo directly from supplier to receiver.
Fabr"ato!
A term used to distinguish manufacturing operations for components as opposed to assembly
operations.
Fa"%tato!
The implementation of measures leading to the simplification" standardisation and harmonisation of the
formalities" procedures" documents and operations inherent to international trade transactions.
Fa"tor, De%+er,
The delivery of goods by a factory whereby the goods are put at the disposal of another )internal* party
such as a commercial department.
Far*a,
A navigable channel for vessels" often the regular or prescribed trac- a vessel will follow in order to
avoid dangerous circumstances.
Fas-o! Tra!sport
Transport of clothing and0or garments including shoes" belts and handbags in dedicated means of
transport.
Fee$ Ba")
The flow of information bac- into the control system so that actual performance can be compared with
planned performance.
Fee$er
A vessel normally used for local or coastal transport )for carriage of cargo and0or containers* to and
from ports not scheduled to be called by the main )ocean* vessel" directly connecting these ports to the
main )ocean* vessel.
Fe!$er
An appliance made of rubber" timber and0or rope or other materials normally attached to a doc- or
(uay used to prevent damage to the hull of a vessel especially during mooring and un/mooring
operations.
Ferr,
Ship carrying passengers and or vehicles engaged in regular short voyages" e.g. across a river or
narrow body of water" between two or more places or ports.
F#t- /-ee%
Circular or wheel/shaped bearing mechanism" secured on the rear of the chassis of a truc-/ tractor that
engages the semi/trailer -ing pin with a spring loc- device and supports the weight of the front end of
the semi/trailer.
Frst Carrer
The carrier who actually performs the first part of the air transport )air cargo*.
Frst I! Frst O&t
Abbreviation+ $1$4
The method whereby the goods which have been longest in stoc- )first in* are used" delivered )sold*
and0or consumed first )first out*.
F+e Free$oms
A collective term which depicts the five areas of %rights% for the air/transportation of passengers or
cargo" viD. )e.pressed in terms of an airline of country A*+

$reedom !
the right to overfly a foreign country.

$reedom #
the right to ma-e a non/traffic stop at a foreign country C en route to foreign country 5.

$reedom 6
the right to set down )off loading* passengers or cargo in a foreign country 5 from home country A.

$reedom 7
the right to pic- up )loading* passengers0 cargo from a foreign country 5 to country A.

$reedom
the right to carry passengers or cargo between two foreign countries.
F'e$ Cra!e
A crane of which the principal structure is mounted on permanent or semi/permanent foundations.
F'e$ He(-t 2oa$7"arr,!( Tr&")
Truc- carrying its load on a non/elevating platform.
F'e$ P%at#orm Tr&")
See #ixed &eight Load'carr!ing %ruc(
F%a(
An indication of the country in which a means of transport is registered through a reference to the
ensign of this country.
F%ammab%e
Capable to be set on fire under given circumstances. )Amendment # 1'4 DAS*.
F%as- Po!t
The lowest temperature at which a good produces enough vapour to form a flammable mi.ture with air.
F%at
See #lat Rac(
F%at Be$ Tra%er
A wheeled trailer or a semi/trailer with a flat cargo carrying surface or dec- and without any
superstructure.
F%at Pa")
Aarments pac-ed in cardboard bo.es.
bac- to top
F%at Ra") Co!ta!er
A container with two end walls and open sides.
F%eet
Any group of means of transport acting together or under one control.
F%e'b%t,
The e.tent to which and the rate at which ad&ustments to changed circumstances are possible.
F%(-t N&mber
A combination of two letters" indicating the airline" and three or four digits indicating the number of the
voyage.
F%oat!(
$reely suspending in water of an ob&ect.
F%oat!( Cra!e
A crane mounted on a barge or pontoon" which can be towed or is self/propelled.
F%oat!( Do")
A floating structure which can be partially submerged to enable vessels to enter and to leave and which
can be raised for use as a dry doc-.
F%oat!( Sto")
See Pipeline $nventor!
F%otsam
Aoods lost by shipwrec-" found floating in the sea.
F%o* C-art
A diagram" using symbols and depicting the se(uence of events that should ta-e place in a comple.
set of tas-s.
F%o* Co!tro%
A term often used to describe a specific production control system.
F%o* 2!e
The direction of flow in which e.g. pallets have been positioned and stowed.
F%o* o# matera%s
The flow of materials and components which goes to and through the factory for the production
process.
Fo8"8s8%e
See #orecastle
For"e Ma5e&re
Circumstance which is beyond the control of one of the parties to a contract and which may" according
to the terms and conditions" relieve that party of liability for failing to e.ecute the contract.
Fore a!$ A#t Sto*a(e
Stowage from the bow to the stern )lengthwise*" as opposed to stowage athwartships.
Fore"ast
!. An estimation or calculation in advanceB a prediction.
#. The amount of cargo e.pected to be boo-ed for a certain sailing of a vessel.
6. The number of containers e.pected to be used in a certain area" for steering purposes.
Fore"ast%e
Abbreviation+ $o%c%s%le
$orward part of a vessel where stores" ropes and anchor chains are located.
For) 2#t Po")ets
See #or( Poc(ets
For) 2#t Tr&")
A three or four wheeled mechanical truc- with for-s at the front designed for lifting" carrying and
stowing cargo.
For) Po")ets
4penings or recesses in a side of a container for the entry of the for-s of a for- lift truc-.
Forma% Per#orma!"e E+a%&ato!
;valuation of carrierGs performance as per agreed contract.
Forms EDI
A screen presenting to a user the contents of an ;D1 message in a manner that is easy to use and
interpret. The form may reside on a web site or the computer of the party viewing or completing the
form. The form may be based on the UN <ayout -ey )UN<H*.
Form&%a o# Camp
A mathematical formula on behalf of inventory management for calculating the optimum order (uantity.
bac- to top
Fort, Foot E.&+a%e!t U!t
Abbreviation+ $;U
Unit of measurement e(uivalent to one forty foot ,34 Nedlloyd container.
For*ar$
At" near or towards the bow or front of a vessel or an aircraft.
For*ar$er
The party arranging the carriage of goods including connected services and0or associated formalities
on behalf of a shipper or consignee.
For*ar$!( C-ar(e
Charges paid or to be paid for preliminary surface or air transport to the airport of departure by a
forwarder" but not by a carrier under an Air @aybill )air cargo*.
For*ar$!( I!str&"to!
Document issued to a freight forwarder" giving instructions to the forwarder for the forwarding of goods
described therein.
Fo&r /a, Pa%%et
A pallet of which the frame permits the entry of for-s of e.g. a for- lift truc- at all four sides.
Fra(%e
;asily brea-able. Term denoting that goods should be handled with care.
Fra!" Po!"ar
Unit of value in which the limitation of the carrier%s liability is sometimes e.pressed. 4ne franc
poincarGonsists of :. milligram of gold with a fineness of nine hundred thousands.
Fra!"-se
Amount which in case of damage will have to be borne by the assured.
Fra&$
Avoidance of payment of ta.es and duties in full or in part or the claiming and obtaining of fictitious
e.port refund claims. )Customs*
Free A%o!(s$e S-p 0999!ame$ port o# s-pme!t1
Abbreviation+ $AS
See $nco %erms
Free Carrer 0999!ame$ p%a"e1
Abbreviation+ $CA
See $nco %erms
Free Ho&se U!"%ear
Delivered at a certain destination without payment of certain duties or incurred costs.
Free I! 2!er O&t
Abbreviation+ $1<4
Transport condition denoting that the freight rate is inclusive of the sea carriage and the cost of
discharging" the latter as per the custom of the port. 1t e.cludes the cost of loading and" if appropriate"
stowage and lashing.
Free I! a!$ O&t
Abbreviation+ $14
Transport condition denoting that the freight rate e.cludes the costs of loading and discharging and" if
appropriate" stowage and lashing.
Free 2#t
The ma.imum elevation of the for-s of a for- lift truc-.
Free O! Boar$ 0999!ame$ port o# s-pme!t1
Abbreviation+ $45
See $nco %erms
Free Port
An international port or an area within an international port at which" crew" passengers" baggage"
cargo" mail and stores may be disembar-ed or unloaded" may remain and may be transhipped" without
being sub&ected to any customs charges or duties. );.amination is possible for instance to meet
security or narcotics control re(uirements.* Source+ 1'4.
Free Prat.&e
,ermission granted by local medical authorities" denoting that the vessel has a clean 5ill of 9ealth so
that people may embar- and disembar-.
Free Tra$e Zo!e
Abbreviation+ $TK
A part of the territory of a state where any goods introduced are generally regarded" in so far as import
duties and ta.es are concerned" as being e.empted )Hyoto Convention*.
Freeboar$
Distance measured vertically from the freeboard dec- accepted and indicated by the class bureau to
the waterline under specified conditions.
Freeboar$ o# a Vesse%
Jertical distance from the main dec- to the surface of the water measured at the middle of the vessel%s
length.
Fre(-t
The amount of money due for the carriage of goods and payable either in advance or upon delivery.
Fre(-t A%% :!$s
Abbreviation+ $AH
Single freight which is charged irrespective of the commodity.
bac- to top
Fre(-t Co%%e"t
$reight and charges to be paid by the consignee.
Fre(-t Co!ta!er
See Container
Fre(-t Costs
Costs incurred by the merchant in moving goods" by whatever means" from one place to another under
the terms of the contract of carriage. 1n addition to transport costs this may include such elements as
pac-ing" documentation" loading" unloading and transport insurance.
Fre(-t For*ar$er
See #or.arder
Fre(-t I!+o"e
An itemised list of goods shipped and services rendered stating fees and charges.
Fre(-t Ma!#est
A )cargo* manifest including all freight particulars.
Fre(-t Pa,er
The party which" by virtue of an agreement is responsible for the payment of freight charges to the
carrier.
Fre(-t Prepa$
$reight and charges to be paid by the consignor.
Fre(-t To!
A unit for freighting cargo according to weight and0or cubic measurement.
Fre(-ter
A vessel or an aircraft used for the carriage of cargo.
F&%% Co!ta!er 2oa$
Abbreviation+ $C<
!. A container stuffed or stripped under ris- and for account of the shipper and0or the consignee.
#. A general reference for identifying container loads of cargo loaded and0or discharged at
merchants% premises.
F&%% Tra%er
A truc- trailer constructed in such way that its own weight and that of the cargo rest upon its own
wheels" instead of being supported by e.g. a tractor.
F&%%, Ce%%&%ar Co!ta!ers-p
Abbreviation+ $CC
A vessel specially designed to carry containers" with cell/guides under dec- and necessary fittings and
e(uipment on dec-.
F&m(ato!
To e.pose certain spaces to the action of fumes in order to disinfect or -ill vermin. $or containers done
in line with national legislation.
G
Ga!(
A number of wor-men acting together especially for loading and0or discharging operations of a vessel
in combination with the necessary gear. )4n a vessel for instance : gangs can be ordered to discharge
or load.*
Ga!(*a,
5ridge laid from an opening in the railing or side of a vessel to the shore or to a platform with the
purpose of giving access to and from the vessel.
Ga!tr, Cra!e
A crane or hoisting machine mounted on a frame or structure spanning an intervening space" which
often travels on rails.
Garme!ts O! Ha!(ers
Clothes in containers on hangers and hung from rails during transit" reducing the handling re(uired for
the garments.
Gate*a,
!. A point at which cargo is interchanged between carriers or modes of transport.
#. A means of access" an entry.
Ge!7set
'otor generator set as power source for" e.g." thermal containers.
Ge!era% A(reeme!t o! Tar##s a!$ Tra$e
Abbreviation+ AATT
'a&or international agreement on trade and tariffs between many nations all over the world. The
discussions are now held by the @T4.
Ge!era% A+era(e
Abbreviation+ A0A
1ntentional act or sacrifice which is carried out to safeguard vessel and cargo. @hen a vessel is in
danger" the master has the right to sacrifice property and0or to incur reasonable e.penditure. 'easures
ta-en for the sole benefit of any particular interest are not considered general average.
Ge!era% A+era(e A"t 0Yor)7A!t*erp R&%es1
There is a general average act when" and only when any e.traordinary sacrifice or e.penditure is
intentionally and reasonably made or incurred for the common safety for the purpose of preserving
from peril the property involved in a common maritime adventure.
Ge!era% A+era(e Stateme!t
This shows in detail all general average costs and e.penses and the contribution of each interest in the
general average in proportion to its value.
Ge!era% Car(o
!. Cargo" consisting of goods" unpac-ed or pac-ed" for e.ample in cartons" crates" bags or
bales" often palletised. Aeneral cargo can be shipped either in brea-bul- or containerised.
#. Any consignment other than a consignment containing valuable cargo and charged for
transport at general cargo rates )air cargo*.
Ge!era% Car(o Rate
Abbreviation+ AC8
The rate for the carriage of cargo other than a class rate or specific commodity rate )air cargo*.
Ge!era% P&rpose Co!ta!er
A container used for the carriage of general cargo without any special re(uirements for the transport
and or the conditioning of the goods.
Germa!s"-er 2%o,$
Aerman classification society.
Go$o*!
A warehouse or cargo shed. This term is often used in the $ar ;ast.
Goo$s
!. Common term indicating movable property" merchandise or wares.
#. All materials which can be used to satisfy demands.
6. @hole or part of the cargo received from the shipper" including any e(uipment supplied by the
shipper.
Goo$s Co!tro% Cert#"ate
Document issued by a competent body evidencing the (uality of goods described therein" in
accordance with national or international standards" or conforming to legislation in the importing
country" or as specified in the contract.
Goo$s F%o*
The direction and path of the movement of goods and se(uence of placement of those goods in a
supply chain.
Goo$s Item
A separate identifiable (uantity of products or articles of a single type.
Goo$s Re"ept
Document issued by a port" warehouse" shed" or terminal operator ac-nowledging receipt of goods
specified therein on conditions stated or referred to in the document.
Goo$s ! Tra!st
The goods which have departed from the initial loading point and not yet arrived at the final unloading
point.
Goose!e")
!. Aoosenec- shaped front end of a trailer or chassis.
#. 8ecess front bottom of a container to reduce the total height of the chassis plus container.
Gree! E.&pme!t A+a%ab%t,
The availability of environmentally friendly e(uipment for transport.
Gr$ N&mber
An indication of the position of a container in a bay plan by means of a combination of page number"
column and line. The page number often represents the bay number.
Gross Ma!#est
A manifest containing freight details without any appropriate disbursements.
bac- to top
Gross To!!a(e
Abbreviation+ A8T
The measure of the overall siDe of a vessel determined in accordance with the provisions of the
international convention on measurement of vessels usually e.pressed in register ton.
Gross /e(-t
!. @eight )mass* of goods including pac-ing" but e.cluding the carrier%s e(uipment e.pressed in
whole -ilograms.
#. The weight of a shipment including materials necessary for bloc-ing etc. )air cargo*.
Gross /e(-t o# Co!ta!er
Total weight of container including cargo )in -ilograms*.
Gro&!$a(e
Charge for permission to anchor.
Gro&pa(e
The collection of several small consignments and the formation of one large shipment thereof )road
cargo*.
Gro&pa(e Ce!tre
A location where groupage activities ta-e place )road/cargo*.
G&ara!tee #or "&stoms
An enforceable legal instrument with which a customs administration can recover duties and ta.es
which become payable in the event of irregularities during a transit movement.
H
Ha(&e Proto"o%
Amendment of the @arsaw convention at The 9ague" September #=" !> )air cargo*.
Ha(&e R&%es
1nternational convention for the unification of certain rules" relating to 5ills of <ading )!>#7*. These
8ules include the description of responsibilities of Shipping <ines.
Ha(&e7Vsb, R&%es
Set of rules" published in !>:=" amending the 9ague 8ules.
Ha%# He(-t Co!ta!er
An open top container" fitted with or without soft or hard cover" 7%6M in height.
Ha%,ar$
<ight rope or tac-le fitted to a staff" spar or gaff used for flying flags.
Hamb&r( R&%es
United Nations Convention on the carriage of goods by sea of !>7= adopted in !>>#.
Ha!$%!( I!str&"to!s
1ndication how cargo is to be handled.
Ha!$%!( Ser+"e
Service concerning the physical handling of cargo.
Harbo&r
,lace of shelter for vessels. 'ost of the time used as an indication for the geographical location.
Harmo!4e$ S,stem
Abbreviation+ 9S
1t is a numeric multi purpose system" the international convention on the 9S was established under
auspices of the @orld Customs 4rganisation in !>=6" for the classification of goods with its si. digits
covering about ??? descriptions of the products or groups of products most commonly produced and
traded. 1t is designed for customs services" but can also be used for statistics" transport purposes"
e.port" import and manufacturing.
Hat"- Co+er
@atertight means of closing the hatchway of a vessel.
Hat"- /a,
4pening in the dec- of a vessel through which cargo is loaded into" or discharged from the hold and
which is closed by means of a hatch cover.
Ha&%a(e
The inland carriage of cargo or containers between named locations0points.
!. 'erchant inspired Carrier 9aulage or customer nominated Carrier 9aulage or shipper
preferred Carrier 9aulage service performed by a sub/contractor of the merchant.
#. Carrier inspired 'erchant 9aulage means 9aulage service performed by a sub/ contractor of
the Carrier
Ha&%er
8oad carrier.
Hea$er Boar$
See Bul(head /road cargo0
Heate$ Co!ta!er
Thermal container served by a heat producing appliance.
Hea+, 2#t
Single commodity e.ceeding the capacity of normal loading e(uipment and re(uiring special
e(uipment and rigging methods for handling.
Hea+, 2#t Vesse%
A vessel specially designed and e(uipped for the carriage of heavy cargo.
He$(!(
5uying or selling earlier and more than really needed in order to protect the company against price
increases or shortages of commodities or components to realise profits when prices fluctuate.
He&rst"
The process of solving problems by evaluating each step in the progress" searching for satisfactory
solutions rather than optimal solutions. 1t comprises L; MA form of problem solving where the results
are determined by e.M a form of problem solving where the results are determined by e.perience or
intuition instead of by optimisation.
H!ter%a!$
The inland area served by a certain port.
Ht"-me!t Car(o
An amount of goods which is added to an original consignment as the owner and the destination are
the same as those of the original consignment.
Ho((e$
<oading condition of a vessel in such a way that the centre of the vessel is slightly raised )arch/wise in
the centre*.
Ho%$
The space below the dec- of a vessel" used to carry cargo.
Home Port
The port of registration of a vessel.
bac- to top
Hot Hat"-
Se(uenced on dec- loading of containers to enable priority discharge at arrival port G usually re(uired
for direct discharge to vehicle to meet a Eust 1n Time delivery.
Ho&se A$$ress
,lace of receipt respectively delivery )name and address* in case of carrier haulage.
Ho&se to Ho&se Tra!sport
The transport of cargo from the premises of the consignor to the premises of the consignee.
Note: 1n the United States the term %,oint to ,oint Transport% is used instead of the term %Door to Door
Transport%" because the term %house% may mean %customs house% or %bro-ers house%" which are usually
located in the port.
H&b
The central transhipment point in a transport structure" serving a number of consignees and0or
consignors by means of spo-es. The stretches between hubs mutually are referred to as trun-s.
H&")epa") Carra(e
See Pigg!ac(
H&%%
4uter shell of a vessel" made of steel plates or other suitable material to -eep water outside the vessel.
H&sba!$!(
Ta-ing care of a vessel%s non cargo related operations as instructed by the master or owner of such
vessel.
I
I$e!t#"ato!
The uni(ue data" e.g. name" number or code" determining a certain ob&ect or person.
I$%e Tme
The amount of ineffective time whereby the available resources are not used e.g. a container in a yard.
I(!to!
Setting on fire or catching fire.
Imp%a!ts
$ocal points of detached personnel situated within customersG premises to co/ordinate and advise on
the customersG logistics activity" often replacing in/house functions and resource.
Importer
I! Tra!st
The status of goods or persons between the outwards customs clearance and inwards customs
clearance.
I!"o terms
Trade terms in coded form as established by the 1nternational Chamber of Commerce in !>6"
whereafter they have been regularly updated. )<ast update #???*.
The terms represent a set of international rules for the interpretation of the principal terms of delivery
used in trade contracts.
See $nco %erms
I!$em!#"ato!
Compensation for a loss and0or the e.penses incurred.
I!$epe!$e!t Dema!$
A demand which is unrelated to demand for other products. Demand for finished goods" parts re(uired
for destructive testing and service parts re(uirements are e.amples of independent demand.
I!$re"t Ro&te
Any route other than the direct route.
I!#rastr&"t&re
System of roads" waterways" airfields" ports and0or telecommunication networ-s in a certain area.
I!%a!$ C%eara!"e Depot
Abbreviation+ 1CD
1nland location where cargo" particularly containerised cargo" may be cleared by customs.
I!%a!$ /ater*a,s B%% o# 2a$!(
Transport document made out to a named person" to order or to bearer" signed by the carrier and
handed to the sender after receipt of the goods.
I!s&%ate$ Co!ta!er
Thermal container without the use of devices for cooling and0or heating.
I!s&%ate$ Ta!) Co!ta!er
Container frame holding one or more thermal insulated tan-s for li(uids.
I!s&ra!"e
A system of protection against loss under which a party agrees to pay a certain sum )premiums* for a
guarantee that they will be compensated under certain conditions for loss or damage.
I!s&ra!"e Cert#"ate
,roof of an insurance contract.
I!s&ra!"e Compa!,
The party covering the ris-s of the issued goods and0or services that are insured.
I!te(rate$ 2o(st"s S&pport
The systematic approach applied to simultaneous management and ac(uisition of e(uipment and
related logistics support" in order to provide the customer with a desired level of availability. 8esulting
in an optimum life cycle cost and to maintain this level through the entire life cycle.
I!te(rt,
The prevention of unauthorised modification of information.
I!ter"-a!(e
8eciprocal e.change of e.g. information between two or more parties.
I!ter"oasta%
As opposite to coastal water operations" intercoastal refers to water transport carried out between
coasts )e.g. between ,acific and Atlantic coasts*.
I!ter"o!ta!er
A co/operative formed by !> ;uropean 8ailways" for the management of international rail container
traffic in ;urope.
I!ter%!e
Two or more road transport companies &oining operations to bring cargo to a certain destination.
I!ter%!e Carrer
A carrier with whom another carrier has an interline agreement.
bac- to top
I!termo$a% Tra!sport
The movement of goods )containers* in one and the same loading unit or vehicle which uses
successively several modes of transport without handling of the goods themselves in changing modes.
I!ter!ato!a% Ar Tra!sport Asso"ato!
Abbreviation+ 1ATA
An international organisation of airlines" founded in !>7" with the aim of promoting the commercial air
traffic. ,arties should achieve this by co/operation between the parties concerned and by performance
of certain rules" procedures and tariffs" regarding both cargo and passengers.
I!ter!ato!a% Asso"ato! o# C%ass#"ato! So"etes
Abbreviation+ 1ACS
An organisation in which the ma&or classification societies" among others American 5ureau of Shipping"
<loyd%s 8egister of Shipping and Aermanischer <loyd" are &oined" whose principal aim is the
improvement of standards concerning safety at sea.
I!ter!ato!a% Carra(e
Carriage whereby the place of departure and any place of landing are situated in more than one
country.
I!ter!ato!a% C-amber o# S-pp!(
Abbreviation+ 1CS
A voluntary organisation of national shipowner% associations with the ob&ective to promote interests of
its members" primarily in the technical and legal fields of shipping operations.
I!ter!ato!a% C+% A+ato! Or(a!4ato!
Abbreviation+ 1CA4
An international organisation of governments" dealing with search and rescue in distress" weather
information" telecommunications and navigational re(uirements.
I!ter!ato!a% 2abo&r Or(a!4ato!
Abbreviation+ 1<4
An United Nations agency" dealing with employment rights and wor-ing conditions" covering wor- at
sea and in ports.
I!ter!ato!a% Martme Da!(ero&s Goo$s Co$e
Abbreviation+ 1'DA Code
A code" representing the classification of dangerous goods as defined by the 1nternational 'aritime
4rganisation )1'4* in compliance with international legal re(uirements.
I!ter!ato!a% Martme Or(a!sato!
Abbreviation+ 1'4
An United Nations agency concerned with safety at sea. 1ts wor- includes codes and rules relating to
tonnage measurement of vessels" load lines" pollution and the carriage of dangerous goods.
1ts previous name was the 1nter/Aovernmental 'aritime Consultative 4rganisation )1'C4*.
I!ter!ato!a% Me$"a% G&$e #or S-ps
Abbreviation+ 1'AS
%The doctor at sea%.
I!ter!ato!a% Or(a!4ato! #or Sta!$ar$4ato!
Abbreviation+ 1S4
A world/wide federation of national standards institutes )1S4 member bodies*.
I!ter!ato!a% Sa#et, Ma!a(eme!t Co$e
This international standard for the safe management and operation of ships prescribes rules for the
organisation of a shipping company management in the conte.t of safety and pollution prevention and
re(uires the development and implementation of a safety management system.
I!+e!tor,
!. A detailed list of goods located in a certain space or belonging to a specified ob&ect.
#. Aoods available for satisfying certain demands. 1nventories may consist of finished goods
ready for sale" they may be parts or intermediate items" they may be wor- in process" or they
may be raw materials.
I!+o"e
An account from the supplier" for goods and0or services supplied by him.
Iss&!( Carrer
The carrier whose Air @aybill is issued )air cargo*.
Item
Separate article or unit.
It!erar,
The route of a means of transport" indicated by the names of the ports of call or other locations" often
including estimated arrival and departure dates.
<
<etsam
Aoods thrown or lost.
<ettso!
The act of intentionally throwing cargo overboard e.g. with the ob&ective of lightening a vessel" which
has run aground" such for the common good of all interests+ vessel" crew and remaining cargo
See 1A
<ett,
A mole or brea-water" running out into the sea to protect harbours or coasts. 1t is sometimes used as a
landing/pier.
<b
!. ,ro&ecting arm of a crane.
#. Attachment connected to the top of a crane boom.
<ob
That wor- which is underta-en to meet a customer or production order and" for production control
purposes" has a uni(ue identification.
<o!t Ve!t&re
A &oint activity of two or more companies usually performed under a common name.
<o&r!e,
A voyage from one place" port or country to another one" in case of a round trip" to the same one.
<&rspr&$e!"e
Euridical decisions used for e.planation and meaning of law.
<&st I! Tme
Abbreviation+ E1T
The movement of material0goods at the necessary place at the necessary time.
The implication is that each operation is closely synchronised with the subse(uent ones to ma-e that
possible.
A method of inventory control that brings stoc- into the production process" warehouse or to the
customer &ust in time to be used" thus reducing stoc- piling.
:
:a!ba!
A method which during storage uses standard units or lot siDes with a single card attached to each.
A pull system used at a stoc- point in which a supply batch is ordered only when a previous batch is
withdrawn.
Note: Hanban in Eapanese means loosely translated %card or sign%.
:ee%
<ongitudinal girder at the lowest point of a vessel from which the framewor- is built.
:mba% Ta(
A label containing bar coded information about product siDe" colour etc.
:!$ o# Pa")!(
Description of the pac-aging material used for goods to be transported.
:!( P!
The coupling pin" welded or bolted in the centre of the front underside of a semi/trailer chassis" which
couples to the fifth wheel of the towing tractor or dolly convertor.
:!ot
Unit of measurement for the speed )of a vessel* e(ual to a nautical mile )F !=# metres* per hour.
:,oto Co!+e!to!
The convention for the 1nternational Customs Co/operation Council held in Hyoto in !>77 for the
simplification and harmonisation of national customs procedures.
4n #th of Eune !>>> the updated and restructured 1nternational Convention on the simplification and
harmonisation of Customs ,rocedures )Hyoto Convention* was unanimously adopted by !!7 customs
administrations.
This convention was restructured to deal with computerised controls and to ensure better co/ operation
between customs authorities mutually and with trade in general.
2
2abe%
A slip of e.g. paper or metal attached to an ob&ect to indicate the nature" ownership" destination"
contents and0or other particulars of the ob&ect.
2a$e! Vesse%
See Loaden 2essel
2a!$ Br$(e
4verland transport between following and0or preceding sea transport of goods and0or containers.
2as-
To hold goods in position by the use of" e.g." wires" ropes" chains and straps.
See Lighter Aoard Ship
2as-!( Po!t
,oint on a means of transport to which wires" chains" ropes or straps" which are used to hold goods in
position" are attached.
2ast Carrer
The participating airline over which air routes the last section of carriage under the Air @aybill is
underta-en or performed )air cargo*.
2ast I! Frst O&t
Abbreviation+ <1$4
A method of which the assumption is that the most recently received )last in* is the first to be used or
sold )first out*.
2atera% a!$ Fro!t Sta")!( Tr&")
9igh/lift stac-ing truc- capable of stac-ing and retrieving loads ahead and on either or both sides of the
driving direction.
2att&$e
The angular distance of a position on its meridian north or south from the e(uator" measured in
degrees )%a vessel at # degrees north latitude%*.
2a, Da,s
The number of days allowed in a charter party for the loading and discharging of cargo. <ay days may
be indicated in different ways e.g. consecutive days" wor-ing days" weather wor-ing days.
2a, Up a Vesse%
Temporary cessation of trading of a vessel by the shipowner.
2a,o&t :e,
See -nited Nations La!out 3e!
2a4aretto
,lace where goods are fumigated" or where a person under (uarantine is (uartered.
2ea$ Tme
!. The amount of time between the re(uest of a service and the actual provision of this service.
#. A span of time re(uired to perform an activity. 1n a logistics conte.t" the time between the
initiation of a process and its completion.
2ease
A contract by which one party gives to another party the use of property or e(uipment" e.g. containers"
for a specified time against fi.ed payments.
2eas!( Compa!,
The company from which property or e(uipment is ta-en on lease.
2eas!( Co!tra"t
A contract for the leasing of property or e(uipment.
2ess t-a! Co!ta!er 2oa$
Abbreviation+ <C<
!. A general reference for identifying cargo in any (uantity intended for carriage in a container"
where the Carrier is responsible for pac-ing and0or unpac-ing the container.
#. $or operational purposes a <C< )<ess than full container load* container is considered a
container in which multiple consignments or parts thereof are shipped.
2ess t-a! Tr&") 2oa$
Abbreviation+ <T<
A term used if the (uantity or volume of one or more consignment)s* does not fill a standard truc-.
2essee
The party to whom the possession of specified property has been conveyed for a period of time in
return for rental payments.
2essor
The party who conveys specified property to another for a period of time in return for the receipt of rent.
2etter o# Cre$t
Abbreviation+ <0C
A written underta-ing by a ban- )issuing ban-* given to the seller )beneficiary* at the re(uest" and on
the instructions of the buyer )applicant* to pay at sight or at a determinable future date up to a stated
sum of money" within a prescribed time limit and against stipulated documents.
2etter o# I!$em!t,
@ritten statement in which one party underta-es to compensate another for the costs and
conse(uences of carrying out a certain act. The issue of a letter of indemnity is sometimes used for
cases when a shipper li-es receiving a clean 5ill of <ading while a carrier is not allowed to do so.
@ithin ,34 Nedlloyd the issue of letters of indemnity are contrary to the company%s instructions.
2e+a!t
;astern end of the 'editerranean.
2ab%t,
<egal responsibility for the conse(uences of certain acts or omissions.
bac- to top
2e!
A legal claim upon real or personal property to pay a debt or duty.
2#e C,"%e Cost
;ncompasses all costs associated with the product%s life cycle. These include all costs involved in
ac(uisition )research 3 development" design" production 3 construction" and phase/in*" operation"
support and disposal of the product.
2#t7O! 2#t7O## Vesse%
Abbreviation+ <4<4
Jessel of which the loading and discharging operations are carried out by cranes and derric-s.
2(-ter
See Barge
2(-ter Aboar$ S-p
Abbreviation+ <ash
A vessel which carries barges.
2(-tera(e
The carriage of goods within a port area by a barge" e.g. from a vessel to a (uay.
2(-t*e(-t
@eight of an empty vessel including e(uipment and outfit" spare parts re(uired by the regulatory
bodies" machinery in wor-ing condition and li(uids in the systems" but e.cluding li(uids in the storage
tan-s" stores and crew.
2!e Item
See 4rder Line
2!e N&mber
See #light Numer
2!ear Pro(ramm!(
A mathematical procedure for minimising or ma.imising a linear function of several variables" sub&ect to
a finite number of linear restrictions on these variables.
2!er Co!#ere!"e
A group of two or more vessel/operating carriers" which provides international liner services for the
carriage of cargo on a particular trade route and which has an agreement or arrangement to operate
under uniform or common freight rates and any other agreed conditions )e.g. $;$C F $ar ;astern
$reight Conference*.
2!er I! Free O&t
Abbreviation+ <1$4
Transport condition denoting that the freight rate is inclusive of the sea carriage and the cost of loading"
the latter as per the custom of the port. 1t e.cludes the cost of discharging.
2!er Ser+"e
The connection through vessels between ports within a trade.
2!er S-pp!( Compa!,
A company transporting goods over sea in a regular service.
2!er Terms
Condition of carriage denoting that costs for loading and unloading are borne by the carrier sub&ect the
custom of the port concerned.
2st
1nclination of a ship to port or starboard caused by eccentric weights such as cargo or ballast.
2+e Sto")
Cargo consisting of live animals" such as horses" cows" sheep and chic-ens.
2%o,$8s Re(ster o# S-pp!(
5ritish classification society.
2oa$
2uantity or nature of what is being carried. This term normally refers to transport by truc-.
2oa$ Fa"tor Ma!a(eme!t
The process of ma.imising the utilisation of the )slot* capacity of vessels and or other means of
transport.
2oa$e! Vesse%
Jessel where cargo has been put on board.
2oa$!(
The process of bringing cargo into a means of transport or e(uipment.
2oa$!( P%at#orm
A flat surface to facilitate loading usually alongside a warehouse.
2oa$master
A load/calculator designed for a vessel approved by a classification bureau for the calculation of the
vessels stability.
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2o"a% C-ar(e
See 4n'line Charge
2o"a% Rate
See 4n'line Rate
2o"at!( P!
See Cones
2o"ato!
!. Any named geographical place" recognised by a competent national body" with permanent
facilities used for goods movements associated with international trade" and used fre(uently
for these purposes.
#. Aeographical place such as a port" an airport" an inland freight terminal" a container freight
station" a container yard" a container depot" a terminal or any other place where customs
clearance and0or regular receipt or delivery of goods can ta-e place.
6. An area )e.g. in a warehouse* mar-ed off or designated for a specific purpose.
2o")
$or marine purposes+ A space" enclosed at the sides by walls and at each end by gates" by which a
vessel can be floated up or down to a different level.
2o")er
A compartment" in a shed or on board of a vessel" used as a safe-eeping place to stow valuable
goods" which can be secured by means of a loc-.
2o( Boo)
The daily report" authenticated by the master of all events and other relevant particulars of a vessel"
attested by the proper authorities as a true record.
2o(st"s 0CEN1
The planning" e.ecution and control
of the movement and placement of people and0or goods
and of the supporting activities related to such movement and placement within a system
organised to achieve specific ob&ectives.
2o(st"s C-a!
All successive lin-s involved in the logistic process.
2o!(t&$e
The angular distance of a position on the e(uator east or west of the standard Areenwich meridian up
to !=?o east or west.
2orr,
'otor truc- used for transport of goods.
Note: 'otor truc- is an American term. 5ritish synonym for motor truc- is 9eavy Aoods Jehicle. This
5ritish term means any vehicle e.ceeding 7. metric tons ma.imum laden weight.
2&##!( Cra!e
A crane with which the load can be moved to or from the crane horiDontally.
2&((a(e
Travellers% baggage" suitcases" bo.es etc." normally accompanied by a passenger.
2&mp7s&m
An agreed sum of money" which is paid in full settlement at one time. This term is often used in
connection with charter parties.
2&mp7s&m C-arter
A voyage charter whereby the shipowner agrees to place the whole or a part of the vessel%s capacity at
the charterer%s disposal for which a lump/sum freight is being paid.
M
Ma# Tra%er
Aerman brand name of a roll trailer used for 8o8o purposes.
Ma$e! Trp
$irst voyage of a vessel or aircraft after delivery from new/building to her owner)s*.
Ma! Carra(e
The primary stage in the movement of cargo from the point of origin to the intended final destination.
;D1$ACT el.=?!
Ma!7%!e Operator
Abbreviation+ '<4
A carrier employing vessel)s* in the main or principal routes in a trade but not participating within a
consortium.
Ma!te!a!"e C-a!
A se(uence of events in a goods flow which preserves and0or restores the value of a specific good.
This may include repairs.
Ma!#est
Document" which lists the specifications of goods" loaded in a means of transport or e(uipment for
transportation purposes.
As a rule cargo the agents in the place of loading draw up manifests.
Note: $or ,34 Nedlloyd a manifest represents a cumulation of 5ills of <ading for official and
administrative purposes.
Ma!&#a"t&rers P%ate
A plate indicating the name and address of the container manufacturer and particulars of the container.
Ma!&#a"t&r!( Pro"ess
The producing of goods or wares by manual labour or machinery" often on a large scale and with
division of labour.
Ma!&#a"t&r!( Reso&r"e P%a!!!(
Abbreviation+ '8,/11
A method for the effective planning of a manufacturing company" being a direct out/growth and
e.tension of '8,/1.
Mar!e I!s&ra!"e Po%",
An insurance policy protecting the insured against loss or damage to his goods occurred during ocean
transport.
Mar)et A!a%,ss
Systematic investigation of the growth and the composition of a mar-et.
Mar)et!(
The process of organising and directing all the company activities which relate to determining the
mar-et demand and converting the customers buying power into an effective demand for a service and
bringing that service to the customer.
Mar)s
See Shipping 5ar(s
Master Data
The set of data that is needed to establish sufficient reference material to support the ma.imum use of
pre/coded" pre/agreed information enabling more efficient transaction messaging.
Master Pro$&"to! S"-e$&%e
Abbreviation+ ',S
A realistic" detailed" manufacturing plan for which all possible demands upon the manufacturing
facilities )such as available personnel" wor-ing hours" )management* policy and goals* have been
considered and are visualised. The ',S is a statement of what the company e.pects to produce and
purchase e.pressed in selected items" specific (uantities and dates.
Mate8s Re"ept
A document signed by the chief officer of a vessel ac-nowledging the receipt of a certain consignment
on board of that vessel. 4n this document" remar-s can be made as to the order and condition of the
consignment.
Matera% Re.&reme!ts P%a!!!(
Abbreviation+ '8,/1
An inventory and purchasing planning system that integrates product components" lead times and
deadlines.
Matera%s Ha!$%!(
The activities of loading" unloading" placing and manipulating material and of in/process movement.
Matera%s Ma!a(eme!t
The planning and control of the activities related to the materials flow from the suppliers up to the end
of the conversion0production process.
Mea!s o# Tra!sport
Type of vehicle used for the transport of goods )e.g. aircraft" barge" truc-" vessel or train*.
Meas&reme!t To!
A ton of one cubic metre water.
Me"-a!"s 2e!
The legal enforceable claim" which a person who has performed wor- or provided materials is"
permitted to ma-e against title to the property or as a preferential person in the event the estate or
business is li(uidated.
Me$"a% Frst A$ G&$e
Abbreviation+ '$AA
1nstructions to be consulted in case of accidents involving dangerous goods.
Memo B%%
See Service Bill of Lading
Mer"-a!t
$or cargo carried under the terms and conditions of the Carrier%s 5ill of <ading and of a tariff" it means
any trader or persons )e.g. Shipper" Consignee* and including anyone acting on their behalf" owning or
entitled to possession of the goods.
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Mer"-a!t Ha&%a(e
1nland transport of cargo in containers arranged by the 'erchant.
1t includes empty container/moves to and from hand/over points in respect of containers released by
the Carrier to 'erchants.
Note: Carrier%s responsibility under the 5ill of <ading does not include the inland transport stretch under
'erchant 9aulage.
Meta7"e!tr" He(-t
The distance between the centre of gravity of a vessel and a fictitious point. 1f the metra/ centric height
is Dero or negative" the vessel will heel or capsiDe.
M!m&m C-ar(e
The lowest amount which applies to the transport of a consignment" irrespective of weight or volume.
M!m&m I!+e!tor,
The planned minimum allowable inventory for an independent demand item.
M!or U!t
Unit of recorded value )i.e. as recorded by ban-s* which is a division of the respective unit of currency.
;.amples are the cent being a one hundredth part of the US Dollar.
Note: Some countries have minor units that are used in low/value coinage within a country or locality"
but which are not used by the international ban-ing system in ma-ing formal records of value.
;.amples+ 5elgium" Areece and Spain.
M'e$ Co!s(!me!t
A consignment of different commodities" articles or goods" pac-ed or tied together or contained in
separate pac-ages.
Mo$e o# Tra!sport
'ethod of transport used for the conveyance of goods" )e.g. by rail" by road" by sea*.
Mo$e%
A representation of a process or system that attempts to relate the most important variables in the
system in such a way that analysis of the model leads to insights into the system.
Mo$&%e
A separate and distinct unit of hardware or software that may be used as a component in a system.
Mo+eme!t
The act or process of changing the position of an ob&ect and or people.
Mo+eme!t I!+e!tor,
The inventory during a production process caused by the time re(uired to move goods from one place
to another.
M&%t P&rpose Carrer
See 5ulti Purpose 2essel
M&%t P&rpose Vesse%
Jessel designed for the carriage of different types of cargo+ general" bul-" heavy and0or containerised
cargo.
M&%tmo$a% Tra!sport
The carriage of goods )containers* by at least two different modes of transport.
M&%tmo$a% Tra!sport Do"&me!t
See Comined %ransport Document
M&%tmo$a% Tra!sport Operator3Carrer
Abbreviation+ 'T40Carrier
The person on whose behalf the transport document or any document evidencing a contract of
multimodal carriage of goods is issued and who is responsible for the carriage of goods pursuant to the
contract of carriage.
M&%tp%e So&r"!(
Selecting of and wor-ing with more than two e(uivalent suppliers for a certain product.
N
Na+(ato!
The act of determining position" location and course to the destination of an aircraft or a vessel.
Ne(%(e!"e
1mprudent action or omission which may cause in&ury" damage or loss.
Ne(otab%e
1n terms of documents" %negotiable% means that e.g. a 5ill of <ading is handed over0transferred in the
right manner )viD. proper endorsement* to another person either endorsed in blan- or endorsed to a
person and that person ac(uires" by this transfer certain rights vis/Gis the goods e.g. is entitled to ta-e
possession of the goods.
Net Ma!#est
A manifest containing all freight details including negotiated disbursements.
Net /e(-t
The weight of the goods" e.cluding all pac-ing.
Net*or) P%a!!!( S,stem
A techni(ue for ma-ing a time schedule for the implementation of a pro&ect.
Ne* Comp&terse$ Tra!st S,stem
Abbreviation+ NCTS
A concept for custom authorities to manage ;uropean Community and common transit" based on the
use of computer systems and ;D1 techni(ues.
No! Vesse% Operat!( Commo! Carrer
Abbreviation+ NJ4CC
A party who underta-es to carry goods and issues in his own name a 5ill of <ading for such carriage"
without having the availability of any own means of transport.
Norma% C-ar(e
The specified general cargo rate without any (uantity discount )air cargo*.
Norma% Ge!era% Car(o Rate
The under 7 -gs rate or" if no under 7 -gs rate e.ists" the under !?? -gs rate )air cargo*.
Norma% Rate
See Normal 1eneral Cargo Rate
Not"e o# Rea$!ess
!. @ritten document or tele. issued by the master of a vessel to the chartererGs advising them
the moment when a vessel is ready to load or discharge.
#. Document advising a consignee or his agent that cargo has arrived and is ready for delivery.
Not#, A$$ress
Address of the party other than the consignee to be advised of the arrival of the goods.
Not#, Part,
The party to be notified of arrival of goods.
O
Ob5e"t
A tangible of abstract thing of relevance to business.
Ob5e"t Ore!te$ Approa"-
The development of classes of business ob&ects may support and have an impact on the developments
in the area of simplification of ;D1 and its standards. A business ob&ect is a true representation of a
tangible concept stemming from real business usage.
Obso%ete Sto")
The products or materials that cannot be or is unli-ely to be used in future processes and which is to
be sold or disposed of through the usual outlets.
O##s-ore
Contracting wor- carried out at sea )e.g. drilling for oil*.
O% B&%) Ore Vesse%
Abbreviation+ 454/Jessel
A vessel designed for the carriage of either dry or li(uid bul- cargo.
O!7%!e C-ar(e
The charge which applies to carriage over the lines of a single carrier.
O!7%!e Rate
See 4n'line Charge
O!"arra(e
The carriage of goods )containers* by any mode of transport to the place of delivery after discharge
from the ocean vessel )main means of transport* at the port )place* of discharge.
O!e Stop S-op
An organisation" which provides all needed re(uirements in one location.
O!e /a, Pa%%et
Note: The addition %4ne @ay% has nothing to do with the number of pallet sides in which the for-s of
e.g. a for- lift can enter" as opposed to the two and four way pallets.
See Disposale Pallet
Ope! Or$er
See Bac(log
Ope! S$e$ Co!ta!er
,34 Nedlloyd container with frames with wire/mesh at the sides covered by means of a tarpaulin"
which can be dropped down to" give unrestricted access to the sides of the container for loading or
discharging.
Ope! Top Co!ta!er
A freight container similar in all respects to a general purpose container e.cept that it has no rigid roof
but may have a fle.ible and movable or removable cover" for e.ample one made of canvas or plastic or
reinforced plastic material normally supported on movable or removable roof bows.
Operat!( E##"e!",
A ratio of the actual output of a piece of e(uipment" department" or plant as compared to the planned
or standard output.
Operato!s Resear"-
The development and application of (uantitative techni(ues to the solution of problems. 'ore
specifically" theory and methodology in mathematics" statistics" and computing are adapted and
applied to the identification" formulation" solution" validation" implementation" and control of decision
ma-ing problems.
Operator
The party responsible for the day to day operational management of certain premises such as ware/
houses" terminals and vessels.
Optma% Trm
The best calculated T81' related to speed engine capacity" fuel consumption for a specific sailing
condition.
Optm4ato!
Achieving the best possible solution to a problem in terms of a specified ob&ective function.
Opto!
4ne of a limited range of choices or features that is offered to a customer when purchasing an
otherwise basic standard product and that has to be an integral part of the product )used in commercial
trading*.
Opto!a% Car(o
Cargo of which the final destination is not -nown at the moment of boo-ing but will be indicated during
the transport.
Opto!a% Port
A port of which it is not -nown whether or not a vessel during a voyage will ma-e a call.
Or$er
A re(uest to deliver specified (uantities of goods or to render specific services.
Or$er 2!e
;ach line on a customer%s purchase order. An order line always contains one Stoc- Heeping Unit
)SHU* only" but the number may vary.
Or(a!sato!
An identifiable social unit with a particular responsibility which endeavour to achieve multiple goals by
co/ordinated activities and relationships between members and ob&ects.
O&t o# Ga&(e Car(o
Cargo which dimensions are e.ceeding the normal dimensions of a #? or 7? feet container" e.g.
overlength" overwidth" overheight" or combinations thereof.
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O&ts$er
A carrier" which operates on a route served by a liner conference but which is not a member of that
conference.
O&tso&r"!(
Subcontracting of activities.
O&tt&r! Report
@ritten statement by a stevedoring company in which the condition of cargo discharged from a vessel
is noted along with any discrepancies in the (uantity compared with the vessel%s manifest.
O&t*ar$ Ha!$%!(
The operations to be performed on outgoing goods from a production unit" both administrative and
physical" starting at the moment forwarding orders can be e.ecuted to the moment of actual departure
of the goods.
O+er P+ot Rate
The rate per -ilogram to be charged for the over pivot weight )air cargo*.
O+er P+ot /e(-t
The weight in e.cess of the pivot weight )air cargo*.
O+er"arrer
A carrier within a consortium who carries cargo beyond the allotment distributed to him.
O+er-e(-t Car(o
Cargo" e.ceeding the standard height.
O+er%e!(t- Car(o
Cargo" e.ceeding the standard length.
O+erpa")
A unit used by a single shipper to contain one or more pac-ages and to form one handling unit for
convenience of handling and stowage. Dangerous goods pac-ages contained in the overpac- must be
properly pac-ed" mar-ed" labelled and in proper condition as re(uired by the 8egulations regarding
dangerous goods )air cargo*.
O+ertme
@or- beyond normal established wor-ing hours which usually re(uires a premium to be paid to the
employees concerned.
O+er*$t- Car(o
Cargo" e.ceeding the standard width.
O*!er
The legal owner of cargo" e(uipment or means of transport.
O*!er8s Co!ta!er Co$e
See Container Prefix
P
P > I C%&b
See Protection and $ndemnit! Clu
Pa")a(e
!. Any physical piece of cargo in relation to transport consisting of the contents and its pac-ing
for the purpose of ease of handling by manual or mechanical means.
#. The final product of the pac-ing operation consisting of the pac-ing and its contents to
facilitate manual or mechanical handling.
Pa")a(!(
'aterials used for the containment" protection" handling" delivery and presentation of goods and the
activities of placing and securing goods in those materials.
Pa")!(
Any container or other covering in which goods are pac-ed.
Pa")!( I!str&"to!
Document issued within an enterprise giving instructions on how goods are to be pac-ed.
Pa")!( 2st
Document specifying the contents of each individual pac-age.
Pa")!( U!t
A type of pac-age where a standard (uantity of products of a specific product type can be pac-ed and
that re(uires no additional pac-aging for storage and shipment.
Pa%%et
A platform on which goods can be stac-ed in order to facilitate the movement by a for- lift or sling.
Pa%%et Co!+ertor
Superstructure which can be applied to a pallet to convert it into either a bo. or post pallet.
Pa%%et Ra")
A s-eleton framewor-" of fi.ed or ad&ustable design" to support a number of individual pallet loads.
Pa%%et Tr&")
,edestrian/ or rider/controlled non/stac-ing lift truc- fitted with for-s.
Pa!ama' S4e
The ma.imum measurements and dimensions of a vessel capable to pass the ,anama Canal.
Par"e%
See Pac(age
Part"pat!( Carrer
!. A carrier participating in a tariff and who therefore applies the rates" charges" routing and
regulations of the tariff.
#. A carrier over whose air routes one or more sections of carriage under the Air @aybill is
underta-en or performed )air cargo*.
Part"&%ar A+era(e
A fortuitous partial loss to the sub&ect matter insured" pro.imately caused by an insured peril but which
is not a general average loss. ,articular average only relates to damage and0or e.penses which are
e.clusively borne by the owners of a vessel which has sustained damage as a result of e.g. heavy
weather or by the owners of the cargo" which has been damaged in transit.
Partto!
See Divider
Part!ers-p
An ongoing relationship between two organisations which involves a commitment over an e.tended
time period and a mutual sharing of the ris-s and rewards of the relationship.
Pa,ee
A party to whom a payment is made or owed.
Pa,er
A party who pays or is to pay.
Pa,%oa$
The revenue/producing load carried by a means of transport.
Pa,me!t
That which discharges a debt.
Pa,me!t A(a!st Do"&me!ts
1nstructions given by a seller to a ban- to the effect that the buyer may collect the documents
necessary to obtain delivery of the goods only upon actual payment of the invoice.
Per#orma!"e I!$"ator
A variable indicating the effectiveness and0or efficiency of a process.
Per#orma!"e Meas&reme!t
The comparison of the results of business processes with each other or with standards in order to
-now the effectiveness of these processes and0or the supportive actions.
Permeab%t,
8atio e.pressed as a percentage assumed for the volume of a compartment which can be flooded by
water after damage" to the total volume of that compartmentB respectively the actual calculated value of
that ratio.
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P-ase$ De%+er,
The delivery of parts of the shipment.
P-,s"a% Dstrb&to!
Those activities related to the flow of goods from the end of conversion to the customer.
P-,s"a% Dstrb&to! Ma!a(eme!t
The planning e.ecution and control of those activities which are related to the flow of goods from the
end of conversion to the customer.
P") Or$er
An order to pic- certain (uantities of goods out of a stoc-.
P") Up Ser+"e
The carriage of outbound consignments from the point of pic- up to the airport of departure )air cargo*.
P") Up a!$ De%+er,
A service concerning the collection of cargo from the premises of the consignor and the delivery to the
premises of the consignee.
P") a!$ Pa")
Ta-ing goods out of a stoc- and pac-ing them according to customer conditions.
P")!(
Ta-ing products or components out of a stoc-.
P")!( 2st
A list used to collect items from stores needed to fulfil an order.
Per
See 6ua!
P((,ba")
The carriage of road vehicles and trailers on railway wagons.
P%#era(e
,etty stealing of goods from a ship%s hold" cargo shed or warehouse.
P%ot
!. <ocal e.pert advising a vessel%s captain on safe navigation in those areas where the captain
is ignorant of local circumstances or where it is obligatory to ta-e a pilot.
#. A person (ualified to operate the controls of an aircraft.
P%ot I! Comma!$
The pilot responsible for the operation and safety of the aircraft during flight time.
Ppe%!e
!. A line of pipes for conveying li(uids and gasses.
#. The physical goods flow from a supplying organisation to a receiving organisation.
Ppe%!e I!+e!tor,
The amount of goods in a pipeline+ the sum of loading stoc-" goods in transit and receiving stoc-.
P+ot /e(-t
'inimum chargeable weight of a Unit <oad Device.
P%a"e o# A""epta!"e
See Place of Receipt
P%a"e o# De%+er,
The location where a consignment )shipment* is delivered to the consignee viD. the place where the
carrier%s liability ends for the transport venture.
P%a"e o# Despat"-
Name and address specifying where goods are collected or ta-en over by the carrier )i.e. if other than
consignor*.
P%a"e o# Re"ept
The location where a consignment )shipment* is received by the carrier from the shipper viD. the place
where the carrier%s liability for transport venture commences.
P%a"eme!t
The activity of positioning an ob&ect or goods in a chosen location or position.
P%a!!!(
The setting of goals over a certain time and the determination of how to achieve these goals and with
what resource.
P%a!!!( Hor4o!
The period of time to which a certain particular plan relates.
bac- to top
P%at#orm
The area on an airport where aircrafts are par-ed for embar-ation and0or loading and discharging
purposes )air cargo*.
P%at#orm Bo$,
A truc- or trailer without ends" sides or top but with only a floor.
P%mso%% Mar)
A mar-" welded on both sides of the vessel" which gives the limit to which a vessel may be loaded"
depending on the specific gravity of the water in which the vessel is situated.
Po!t Va%&e
The point value can be seen as the relative value of an empty container of a certain siDe type in a
depot location. The system serves to (uantify the imbalance costs resulting from a full container move
and are the result of empty optimisation calculations.
,oint values are created on forecasted container flows between depot locations.
They are calculated ta-ing into account a.o. the forecasted imbalances plus repositioning" storage and
container costs for empty moves and e.pressed in USD.
Note: 1n the various computer systems point values are used to calculate the imbalance charge or
credit for a particular container flow. This charge or credit is the difference in point values between start
and end depot location.
Po!t to Po!t Tra!sport
See &ouse to &ouse %ransport
Po!too!
A floating flat structure used for wor- alongside the ship" to facilitate embar-ation or disembar-ation of
persons" or to move cargo alongside.
Poo%
The shared use of e.g. e(uipment by a number of companies" which ma-e together the investments in
the e(uipment mentioned.
Poop
Aft part of a vessel where the steering engine is located.
Port
!. 9arbour having facilities for vessels to moor and load or discharge.
#. <eft side of a vessel when facing towards the front or forward end.
Port o# Ca%%
,lace where a vessel actually drops anchor or moors during a certain voyage.
Port o# Ds"-ar(e
The port where the cargo is actually discharged )unloaded* from the sea )ocean* going vessel.
Port o# 2oa$!(
The port where the cargo is actually loaded on board the sea )ocean* going vessel.
Porta% Cra!e
A type of gantry crane with vertical legs of sufficient height and width to permit vehicles or railroad
e(uipment to pass between the legs.
Port%o(
A statement concerning a vessel containing the actual arrival and departure time used tugs" draft"
dead/weight" (uantity of discharged and loaded goods0containers and any other important particulars.
Posto!!(
The transport of empty e(uipment from a depot to shipper%s premises or from consignee%s premises
bac- to a depot as the empty leg of a carrier haulage transport.
Posta% Co$e
A national code maintained by the ,ostal Authorities designed to indicate areas and accumulated
addresses to facilitate sorting and the delivery of mail and other goods.
Note: The coding system is different in the various countries throughout the world. 1n the Netherlands
the code consists of 7 figures and # characters.
Pra"t"e
That what has become customary as a result of repeated acts.
Pre7s%!(!(
The act of placing goods in slings which are left in position and used for loading into and discharging
from a conventional vessel.
Pre7trp I!spe"to!
Abbreviation+ ,T1
A technical inspection of 8eefer containers prior to positioning for stuffing.
Pre"arra(e
The carriage of goods )containers* by any mode of transport from the place of receipt to the port
)place* of loading into the ocean vessel )main means of transport*.
Pre"arrer
The carrier by which the goods are moved prior to the main transport.
Pres-pme!t I!spe"to!
Abbreviation+ ,S1
The chec-ing of goods before shipment for the purpose of determining the (uantity and0or (uality of
said goods by an independent surveyor )inspection company* for phytosanitary" sanitary and veterinary
controls.
,resently there is a tendency by developing countries to use the inspection also for the purpose of
determining whether the price charged for certain goods is correct.
Pr!"pa%
,erson for whom another acts as agent.
Pr!"pa% Carrer
See Responsile Carrier
bac- to top
Pr!"pa% Corporate Bo$,
The company that owns the various subsidiary companies or branches acting as customers on their
own and is registered as the corporate customer for statistical purposes.
Prort, Or$er
An order which is identified as ta-ing precedence over other orders to ensure its completion in the
minimum time.
Pr+ate /are-o&se
A warehouse operated by the owner of the goods stored there.
Pro Forma I!+o"e
Draft invoice sent to an importer by the e.porter prior to order confirmation and shipment to assist in
matters relating to obtaining import licences or foreign e.change allocations" or simply to advise the
value of a consignment so that letters of credit can be opened.
Pro"e$&re
Steps to be followed in order to comply with a formality" including the timing" format and transmission
method for the submission of re(uired information.
Pro"ess Mapp!(
A diagrammatically brea- down of a supply chain.
Pro"&reme!t
The activities which ensure the availability of the material and or services in the desired (uantity"
(uality" place and time from the supplier.
Pro"&reme!t 2o(st"s
Control of the flow of materials up to the manufacturing process.
Pro$&"t
A result" end items or output from a certain process.
Pro$&"t C-a!
All phases in the transformation/ or production process of one product.
Pro$&"t 2#e C,"%e
The period of time between the introduction date and end date of a product in the mar-et.
Note: ,hases are introduction" growth" maturity" saturation" decline 3 end.
Pro$&"to!
!. The conversion of materials and or assembly of components to manufacture goods" products
or services.
#. The total (uantity of goods manufactured or to be manufactured in a particular period of time
e.pressed in (uantitative or financial terms. )The term manufacturing is often used specifically
for physical operations resulting in a product*.
Pro$&"t+t,
8elative measure of output of labour hour or machine hour.
Pro#t Ce!tre
An organisational unit which will be held responsible for its own profits and losses.
Pro5e"t Car(o
2uantity of goods connected to the same pro&ect and often carried on different moments and from
various places.
Pro5e"t Ma!a(eme!t
'anaging a transport pro&ect" which involves the design and implementation of logistics solutions
including resource planning" costing and profits.
Proo# o# De%+er,
The receipt signed by the consignee upon delivery.
Proper S-pp!( Name
A name to be used to describe particular goods on all ,34 Nedlloyd documents and notifications and"
if appropriate" on the goods. basis )air cargo*.
Prote"to! a!$ I!$em!t, C%&b
Abbreviation+ , 3 1 club
A mutual association of shipowners who provide protection against liabilities by means of contributions.
Proto"o%
A statement drawn up to attest certain events.
P&b%" A&t-ortes
The agencies or officials in a state responsible for the application and enforcement of the laws and
regulations of that state. Source+ 1'4.
P&b%" /are-o&se
A warehouse which is available to all companies and persons who wish to ma-e use of the services
offered.
P&b%s-e$ C-ar(e
A charge" the amount of which is specifically set forth in the carrier%s rates tariff.
P&b%s-e$ Rate
See Pulished Charge
bac- to top
P&%% Dstrb&to! S,stem
A system to provide warehouses with new stoc- on re(uest of the warehouse management.
P&r"-ase Or$er
A definite order for one or more deliveries by the supplier to the customer of a specific (uantity of
goods" materials" services or products under agreed terms of delivery and prices.
P&r"-ase Or$er Ma!a(eme!t
Supply chain management to purchase order article level.
P&s- Dstrb&to! S,stem
A system to provide warehouses with new stoc- upon decision of the supplier of the goods.
=
=&a%#er
A data element whose value shall be e.pressed as a code that gives specific meaning to the function
of another data element or a segment.
=&a%t, 0ISO?@AB1
The totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy stated
or implied needs.
Note: The 1S4>??? standards on (uality management and (uality assurance consists of 7 standards+
>??? guidelines for selection and use" >??! model for (uality assurance in design0development >??#
model for (uality assurance in production and installation" >??6 model for (uality assurance in final
inspection and test" and >??7 guidelines for (uality management and (uality system elements" part #
are guidelines for services.
=&a%t, Ass&ra!"e 0ISO?@AB1
All those planned and systematic actions necessary to provide ade(uate confidence that a product or
service will satisfy given re(uirements for (uality.
=&a%t, Co!tro% 0ISO?@AB1
The operational techni(ues and activities that are used to fulfil re(uirements for (uality.
=&a!tt, C-ar(e
The unit rate which is lower than the normal rate and applies to shipments meeting specific weight
re(uirements )air cargo*.
=&a!tt, Ds"o&!t
A proportional reduction of a rate based on (uantity )air cargo*.
=&ara!t!e
The period during which an arriving vessel" including its e(uipment" cargo" crew or passengers"
suspected to carry or carrying a contagious disease is detained in strict isolation to prevent the spread
of such a disease.
=&a,
That part of a wharf which is intended for the mooring of vessels.
=&e&e
A stored arrangement of computer data" programs or messages" waiting to be processed in the order
in which they were submitted.
=&o!
Timber wedge used to secure drums against movement.
=&otas
A system of controlling imports" e.ports or production by specifying a certain limitation.
=&otato!
Amount stated as the price according to tariff for certain services to be provided or issued to a
customer with specification on conditions for carriage.
=&otato! E'prato! Date
The date as from which a (uotation price is no longer valid.
R
Ra% Car
A wheeled wagon used for the carriage of cargo by rail.
Ra% Co!s(!me!t Note
A document evidencing a contract for the transport of goods by rail.
Ramp
An artificial inclined path" road or trac- along which wheeled vehicles" cargo and trailers may pass for
the purpose of changing their elevation and facilitating the loading and unloading operation )e.g. an
entrance way into a 8oll/on 8oll/off vessel
Ramp Ha!$%!(
See Platform &andling
Rate
!. The price of a transport service.
#. 2uantity" amount or degree measured or applied.
Rate o# Ca%"&%ato!
A factor for the calculation of an amount.
Rate o# T&r!
The figure indicating the speed of a change of course of a means of transport e.pressed in degrees
per minute.
Rat!(
A class to which an article is assigned.
Re7!+o"!(
The procedure whereby goods shipped directly from a supplier to the customer are invoiced in two
stages+ at first by the supplier to an intermediary and subse(uently by the intermediary to the customer.
Rebate
That part of a transport charge which the carrier agrees to return.
Re"ept
A written ac-nowledgement" that something has been received.
Re"e+!( Carrer
The carrier receiving a consignment on behalf of a carrier" agent or shipper for onward transport.
Re"e+!( Sto")
The stoc- comprising all the goods that have arrived at the door of the receiving organisation and
which is not yet available in the stoc- of that organisation.
Re"o!$to!!(
All activities connected with restoring and or ad&usting the pac-aging of a product. 1n such manner that
it can be presented to the customer in the re(uested form.
Re"o!$to!!( o# Garme!ts
The act or process of bringing garments after transport in shop%s condition.
Re$e%+er,
!. 8eturn of a shipment to the party who originally delivered it to the carrier )air cargo*.
#. 8eturn of a charter vessel to the owners.
Ree#er Car(o
Cargo re(uiring temperature control.
Ree#er Co!ta!er
A thermal container with refrigerating appliances )mechanical compressor unit" absorption unit etc.* to
control the temperature of cargo.
Re#&!$
The repayment to the purchaser of the total charge or a portion of that charge for unused carriage.
Re(o!
Specified geographical area for operational purposes.
Re(ster To!
The unit of measurement for the internal capacity of a vessel whereby one register ton e(uals !??
cubic feet )#.=6 cubic meter*. The gross )bruto* tonnage comprises all spaces below the main
)tonnage* dec- and the enclosed spaces above the main )tonnage* dec- less e.empted spaces.
The net tonnage consists of the gross tonnage less e.emptions li-e ballast tan-s" engine room" living
(uarters etc. The register tonnage is mentioned on the tonnage certificate.
Re(strato! A&t-ort, 0:e, Ma!a(eme!t1
8egistration Authority is used as an entry point for users to set/up lin-s by using some e.isting trusted
means such as registered letters of personal enrolment. This registration will also form the legal basis
for the use of digital signatures by the user" if re(uired" although this aspect in itself is not -ey
management. 4nce this registration has been established" the user credentials and his public -ey are
passed on the Certification Authority with a re(uest for certification.
Re(ro&pa(e
The process of splitting up shipments into various consignments )degroupage* and combining these
small consignments into other shipments )groupage*.
Re5e"to!
Non/acceptance of e.g. cargo.
Re%ease Or$er
A document issued by or on behalf of the carrier authorising the release of import cargo identified
thereon and manifested under a single 5ill of <ading.
bac- to top
Re%ab%t, o# De%+er,
The reliability of a supplier concerning the agreed terms of delivery with regard to the (uality" (uantity"
delivery time" conditions and price.
Rep%a"eme!t
1ndicating that a sub&ect is interchangeable with another sub&ect" but which differs physically from the
original sub&ect in that the installation of the replacement sub&ect re(uires e.tra machining or provisions
in addition to the normal application and methods of attachment.
Rep%e!s-me!t
Completion of stoc-.
Rep&$ato!
The denial by a user of having participated in part or all of a communication.
Rero&t!(
The route to be followed as altered from the one originally specified in the transport document.
Reser+ato!
Allotment in advance of space or weight capacity. Also referred to as %boo-ing%.
Reser+e I!+e!tor,
See Safet! Stoc(
Reso&r"es
4rganisations" ,eople or Computer systems carrying out the activities.
Respo!sb%e Carrer
!. The carrier liable under the terms of a consortium 5ill of <ading.
#. Carrier responsible for the transport of goods as indicated in the transport document.
Ret&r!s
Aoods returned to their place of acceptance.
Re+e!&e
Amounts of income stemming from the provision of transport services.
Re+erse Dstrb&to!
The collection of used" damaged" or outdated products and0or pac-aging from end/users.
R!a"ert#"ate
Certificate issued by the 1talian Aovernment for carrying dangerous goods in 1talian @aters.
Roa$ Carrer
,arty underta-ing transport by road of goods from one point to another such as indicated in the
contract.
Roa$ Ve-"%e
A means of transport capable and allowed to move over public roads and other landways.
Ro%% Tra%er
Special trailer for terminal haulage and stowage on board of 8oll/on 8oll/off vessels.
Also referred to as 'afi Trailer.
Ro%%7o! Ro%%7o##
Abbreviation+ 8o8o
System of loading and discharging a vessel whereby the cargo is driven on and off by means of a
ramp.
Ro%%!( Ressta!"e
The total frictional force that a tire" a set of tires or all the tires on a vehicle is developing with the road.
Rotato!
Se(uence in which a vessel calls at the ports on her itinerary.
Ro&!$ Trp
A voyage" a &ourney etc. to a certain place" port or country and bac- again.
Ro&te
The trac- along which goods are )to be* transported.
Ro&t!(
!. The determination of the most efficient route)s* that people" goods" materials and or means of
transport have to follow.
#. The process of determining how a shipment will be moved between consignor and consignee
or between place of acceptance by the carrier and place of delivery to the consignee.
6. The process of aiding a vessel%s navigation by supplying long range weather forecasts and
indicating the most economic and save sailing route.
Ro*
A vertical division of a vessel from starboard to portside" used as a part of the indication of a stowage
place for containers. The numbers run from midships to both sides.
R&s- Ba((a(e
See Expedite Baggage
S
SITPRO
National organisation for the Simplification of 1nternational Trade ,rocedures in the United Hingdom
)e.g. in The Netherlands S1T,84 is called %Sitproneth%" in $rance %Simprofrance% and in Eapan
%Eastpro%*.
Sa#e /or)!( 2oa$
Abbreviation+ S@<
The ma.imum load any lifting appliance may handle.
Sa#et, Sto")
!. 1n general" a (uantity of stoc- planned to be in inventory to protect against fluctuations in
demand and0or supply.
#. 1n the conte.t of master production scheduling" safety stoc- can refer to additional inventory
and0or capacity planned as protection against forecast errors and0or short terms changes in
the bac-log. Also referred to as %overplanning% or a %mar-et hedge%.
Sa$ to Co!ta!
Abbreviation+ STC
Term in a 5ill of <ading signifying that the master and the carrier are unaware of the nature or (uantity
of the contents of e.g. a carton" crate" container or bundle and are relying on the description furnished
by the shipper.
Sa%+a(e
The saving or rescue of a vessel and0or the cargo from loss and0or damage at sea.
S"a%e To!
$reighting measurement used in certain trades for various commodities.
S"e!aro
A formal specification of a group of business activities that may ta-e place between parties to achieve
a particular ob&ective.
S"-e$&%e
A timetable including arrival0departure times of ocean/ and feeder vessels and also inland
transportation. 1t refers to named ports in a specific voyage )&ourney* within a certain trade indicating
the voyage number)s*. 1n general+ The plan of times for starting and0or finishing activities.
Sea%
A device used for containers" loc-ers" truc-s or lorries to proof relevant parties that they have remained
closed during transport.
Sea% 2o(
A document used to record seal numbers.
Seaso!a% I!+e!tor,
1nventory built up in anticipation of a seasonal pea- of demand in order to smooth production.
Sea*ort-!ess
$itness of a vessel to travel in open sea mostly related to a particular voyage with a particular cargo.
Se"to!a% Rate
The rate established by scheduled air carrier)s* for a section of a through route )air cargo*.
Se(re(ato!
Distance re(uired by the rules of 1'DA or 5C codes between the various commodities of dangerous
and or bul- cargoes.
Se%%er
,arty selling merchandise to a buyer.
Se%%er8s Mar)et
A %seller%s mar-et% is considered to e.ist when goods cannot easily be secured and when the economic
forces of business tend to be priced at the vendor%s estimate of value. 1n other words" a state of trade
favourable to the seller" with relatively great demand and high prices of something for sale.
Sem Tra%er
A vehicle without motive power and with one or more a.les designed to be drawn by a truc- tractor and
constructed in such way that a portion of its weight and that of its load rest upon e.g. the fifth wheel of
the towing vehicle.
Se!$er
See Shipper
Se.&e!"e$ De%+er,
The synchronised delivery of truc-s to co/ordinate with production schedules or local delivery vehicles.
Ser+"e Base$ Pr"!(
,ricing structured to service pac-ages provided" related to activity based costing including bought in
costs.
Ser+"e B%%
A service 5ill )of <ading* is a contract of carriage issued by one carrier to another for documentary and
internal control purposes )e.g. in case ,34 Nedlloyd cargo is carried on a non ,34 Nedlloyd vessel.*
$or internal documentary and control purposes a so/called participating agent in a consortium uses
some -ind of document which" depending on the trade" is referred to as %'emo 5ill% which will among
others state+
Name of Carrier on whose behalf the original document )@ay 5ill" 5ill of <ading" etc.* was
issued.
The original document number. The agent who issued the original document and his
opponent at the discharging side.
The number of pac-ages" weight and measurement" mar-s and numbers and goods
description.
$urther mandatory details in case of special cargo.
No freight details will be mentioned and the 'emo 5ill is not a contract of carriage.
See Bill of Lading
Ser+"e 2e+e%
A measure for the e.tent to which the customer orders can be e.ecuted at delivery conditions normally
accepted in the mar-et.
Ser+"e 2e+e% A(reeme!t
Abbreviation+ S<A
An arrangement between a service provider and an organisation specifying details about the services
to be provided.
Sett!(3Ar De%+er, Temperat&re
An indication in the documents )50<* stating the air supply temperature to the container.
Note: No other details than this temperature shall be included in the 5ill of <ading.
Sett%eme!t O##"e
The institution to issue billing to and receive remittances from agents and to distribute the monies to
CASS airlines" 5illing ,articipants and ,art ,articipants )air cargo*.
bac- to top
S-e$
See 7arehouse
S-e%# 2#e
The specified length of time prior to use for which items which are inherently sub&ect to deterioration
are deemed to remain fit for use under prescribed conditions.
S-#t
,art of the wor-/program of a stevedoring company )a wor-ing day can have up to 6 shifts )#7 hours**.
S-p
See 2essel
S-p Bro)er
Acts as intermediary between shipowners or carriers by sea on the one hand and cargo interests on
the other. The functions are to act as forwarding agent or custom bro-er" fi.ing of charters" and acting
as chartering agent.
S-p Operator
A ship operator is either the shipowner or the )legal* person responsible for the actual management of
the vessel and its crew.
S-p8s Protest
Statement of the master of a vessel before )in the presence of* competent authorities" concerning
e.ceptional events which occurred during a voyage.
S-pme!t
A separately identifiable collection of goods to be carried.
Note: 1n the United States of America the word shipment is used instead of the word consignment.
See Consignment
S-po*!er
The )legal* person officially registered as such in the certificate of registry where the following
particulars are contained+
Name of vessel and port of registry.
Details contained in surveyors certificate.
The particulars respecting the origin stated in the declaration of ownership.
The name and description of the registered owner" if more than one owner the proportionate
share of each.
S-pper
The merchant )person* by whom" in whose name or on whose behalf a contract of carriage of goods
has been concluded with a carrier or any party by whom" in whose name or on whose behalf the goods
are actually delivered to the carrier in relation to the contract of carriage.
S-pper8s E'port De"%arato!
Abbreviation+ S;D
A United States customs form to be completed for all e.ports to assist the government in compiling
e.port statistics.
S-pper8s 2etter o# I!str&"to!
Abbreviation+ S<1
A document containing instructions given by the shipper or the shipper%s agent for preparing
documents and forwarding )air cargo*.
S-pp!( Note
Document provided by the shipper or his agent to the carrier" multimodal transport operator" terminal or
other receiving authority" giving information about e.port consignments offered for transport" and
providing for the necessary receipts and declarations of liability.
S-pp!( Do"&me!ts
Documents re(uired for the carriage of goods.
S-pp!( I!str&"to!
Document advising details of cargo and e.porter%s re(uirements of its physical movement.
S-pp!( 2abe%
A label attached to a ,34 Nedlloyd unit" containing certain data.
S-pp!( Mar)s
The identification shown on individual pac-ages in order to help in moving it without delay or confusion
to its final destination and to enable the chec-ing of cargo against documents.
S-orta(e
The negative difference between actual available or delivered (uantity and the re(uired (uantity.
S-r!) /rapp!(
9eat treatment that shrin-s an envelope of polyethylene or similar substance around several units" thus
forming one unit. 1t is used e.g. to secure pac-ages on a pallet.
S-&tt%e Ser+"e
The carriage bac- and forth over an often short route between two points.
S$!(
A short railroad trac- connected with a main trac- by a switch to serve a warehouse or an industrial
area.
Smp%#"ato!
The limiting of formalities" procedures" documents" information" and operations to the minimum
essential re(uirements" steps" data and tas-s acceptable by all parties concerned.
Smp%#"ato! Too%)t
Collection of tools to enable simplified implementations of structured electronic commerce techni(ues
such as" electronic data interchange" electronic funds transfer" automatic data capture" bar/code
technology and uni(ue goods0product0service0party identification schemes.
Sm&%ato!
The imitation of the reality for studying the effect of changing parameters in a model as a means of
preparing a decision.
bac- to top
S!(%e A$m!strat+e Do"&me!t
Abbreviation+ SAD
A set of documents" replacing the various )national* forms for customs declaration within ;uropean
Community" implemented on Eanuary !st" !>==. The introduction of the SAD constitutes an
intermediate stage in the abolition of all administrative documentation in intra ;uropean Community
trade in goods between member states.
S)e%eto! Tra%er
8oad trailer consisting of a frame and wheels specially designed to carry containers.
See Chassis
S)$s
5attens fitted underneath frames" bo.es or pac-ages to raise them off the floor and allow easy access
for for- lift truc-s" slings or other handling e(uipment.
S%$!( Ta!$em
An undercarriage with a subframe having provision for convenient fore and aft ad&ustment of its
position on the chassis0semi/trailer. The purpose being to be able to shift part of the load to either the
-ing pin or the suspension to ma.imise legally permitted a.le loads )road cargo*.
S%!(
Special chain" wire rope" synthetic fibre strap or ropes used for cargo handling purposes.
S%p S-eet!(
9ard plastic sheeting used to stac- cartons" optimising container space.
S%ot
The space on board a vessel" re(uired by one T;U" mainly used for administrative purposes.
S%ot C-arter
A voyage charter whereby the shipowner agrees to place a certain number of container slots )T;U
and0or $;U* at the charterer%s disposal.
S!a)e 2oa$!(
<oading products into a container in the se(uence with which the goods will be unloaded and stored in
at destination.
So&r"!(
!. The management on purpose of the various origins of products or materials on behalf of the
recipient of these products or materials. 1n some industries sourcing is seen as the change
from push to pull delivery for a number of fast moving items.
#. @ithin ,34 Nedlloyd sourcing is specially dedicated to the retail industry acting as an
intermediary between suppliers and the mar-et with an integrated service for e.g.
supermar-ets or large department stores.
Spa"e C-arter
A voyage charter whereby the shipowner agrees to place part of the vessels capacity at the charterers
disposal.
Spe"a% Dra*!( R(-ts
Abbreviation+ SD8
Unit of account from the 1nternational 'onetary $und )1'$*" i.a. used to e.press the amount of the
limitations of a carrier%s liability.
Spe"a% Rate
A rate other than a normal rate.
Spe"#" Commo$t, Rate
Abbreviation+ SC8
A rate applicable to carriage of specifically designated commodities.
Sp%t S-pme!t
1n case of indirect delivery through consolidation and if split shipment conditions occur then each split
part of the shipment will be delivered in a different consignment but all consignments identified by the
same uni(ue original shipment id.
Spo)e
The stretch between a hub and one of the group of consignees and0or consignors being served by the
hub.
Spo!ta!eo&s I(!to! Temperat&re
The lowest temperature at which a substance will start burning spontaneously without an e.ternal
source of ignition.
Sprea$er
!. Device used for lifting containers and unitised cargo.
#. 5eam or frame that holds the slings vertical when hoisting a load" to prevent damage to cargo.
Spr!(
'ooring rope rigged from the forward or aft to a (uayside bollard amidships to prevent the ship from
surging forward or aft when alongside.
Stab%t,
The capacity of a vessel to return to its original position after having been displaced by e.ternal forces.
The stability of a vessel depends on the meta/centric height.
Sta")
An identifiable amount of containers stowed in a orderly way in one specified place on an )ocean*
terminal" container freight station" container yard or depot.
See also+ Container Stac-
Sta")!(
To pile bo.es" bags" containers etc. on top of each other.
Sta")*e(-t
The total weight of the containers and cargo in a certain row.
Sta!$ar$ Costs
A carefully prepared estimate of the cost of performing a given operation under specified conditions.
1n ,34 Nedlloyd standard costs are determined for operations called %standard @or- 4rders%.
Note: A standard wor- order describes a standard operation for which a standard cost is to be
established.
bac- to top
Sta!$ar$ I!$&stra% C%ass#"ato!
Abbreviation+ S1C
A method" used in the United States" to categorise companies into different industrial groupings.
Sta!$ar$ Pro$&"t Mo$&%e
Abbreviation+ S,'
The building bloc-s used by business management to define services )shipment products* which can
be offered to customers. They describe a more or less isolated set of activities with a standard cost
attached to it. $or operations management each module defines a combination of standard operations
that needs to be carried out for a customer.
Note: S,'%s can be regarded as the interface between business and operations management.
Sta!$ar$sato!
The development of agreements whose purpose is to align formalities" procedures" documents"
information" and operations. At a national level" this would be alignment with acceptable commercial
norms and practices" at an international level it would alignment with identified MbestM and0or most
accepted practices.
Starboar$
8ight side of a vessel when facing towards the front or forward end.
State o# Or(!
The state in the territory in which the cargo was first loaded.
Steer!( o# Co!ta!ers
The function" with the aid of specific software for trac-ing and forecasting" to direct empty containers to
demanding areas at minimum costs.
Stem
The foremost part of a vessel.
Ster!
The aftermost part of a vessel.
Ste+e$ore
A party running a business of which the functions are loading" stowing and discharging vessels.
Sto")
The materials in a supply chain or in a segment of a supply chain" e.pressed in (uantities" locations
and or values. UH.
Sto") Co!tro%
The systematic administration of stoc- levels with respect to (uantity at all times.
Sto") :eep!( U!t
The description of the unit of measurement by which the stoc- items are recorded on the stoc- record.
Sto") 2o"ator S,stem
A system in which all places within a warehouse are named or numbered.
Sto") Po!t
A point in the supply chain meant to -eep materials available.
Sto") Re"or$
A record of the (uantity of stoc- of a single item" often containing a history of recent transactions and
information for controlling the replenishment of stoc-.
Stora(e
The activity of placing goods into a store or the state of being in store )e.g. a warehouse*.
Stora(e C-ar(e
The fee for -eeping goods in a warehouse.
Stores
,rovisions and supplies on board re(uired for running a vessel.
Sto*a(e
The placing and securing of cargo or containers on board a vessel or an aircraft or of cargo in a
container.
Sto*a(e Fa"tor
8atio of a cargo%s cubic measurement to its weight" e.pressed in cubic feet to the ton or cubic metres
to the tonne" used in order to determine the total (uantity of cargo which can be loaded in a certain
space.
Sto*a(e I!str&"to!s
1mperative details about the way certain cargo is to be stowed" given by the shipper or his agent.
Sto*a(e P%a!
A plan indicating the locations on the vessel of all the consignments for the benefit of stevedores and
vessel%s officers.
Sto*a*a,
An unwanted person who hides on board of a vessel or an aircraft to get free passage" to evade port
officials.
1'4 definition+ A person who is secreted on a ship or in cargo which is subse(uently loaded on the
ship" without the consent of the shipowner or the master or any other responsible person who is
detected on board after the ship has departed from a port and reported as a stowaway by the master.
Stra$$%e Carrer
@heeled vehicle designed to lift and carry ,34 Nedlloyd containers within its own framewor-. 1t is
used for moving" and sometimes stac-ing" ,34 Nedlloyd containers at a container terminal.
bac- to top
Stra$$%e Cra!e
A crane usually running on rails and spanning an open area such as rail/trac-s or roadways.
Strap
A band of metal" plastic or other fle.ible material used to hold cargo or cases together.
Stret"-
!. ,art of the total transport chain )trade route* including overland transport identified by place of
receipt" ports of call and place of delivery i.e. it has one location or an address as a starting
and or ending point.
#. The leg between two points.
Strpp!(
The unloading of cargo out of a container.
St&##!(
The loading of cargo into a container.
S&boptm4!(
Striving for optimum performance in one element of an organisation disregarding the effects this may
cause to the performance of the other elements. 1n other words" a solution for a problem that is best
from a narrow point of view but not from a higher or overall company point of view.
S&bstret"-
,art of a stretch. This term is used if it is necessary to distinguish between a stretch and a part thereof.
S&per"ar(o
;.perienced person )officer* assigned by the charterer of a vessel to advise the management of the
vessel and protect the interests of the charterer.
S&pp%, C-a!
A se(uence of events in a goods flow which adds to the value of a specific good. These events may
include+
conversion
assembling and0or disassembling
movements and placements
S&pp%, C-a! De#!to!
A se(uence of events" which may include conversion" movement or placement" which adds value to
goods" products" or services.
S&pp%, Vesse%
Jessel which carries stoc- and stores to offshore drilling rigs" platforms.
S&r"-ar(e
An additional charge added to the usual or customary freight.
S&r+e,
An inspection of a certain item or ob&ect by a recognised specialist.
S&r+e,or
A specialist who carries out surveys.
Note: A surveyor is often representing a classification bureau or a governmental body.
S*op Bo$,
Separate unit without wheels to carry cargo via road sometimes e(uipped with legs to be used to carry
cargo intermodal within ;urope.
The advantage being that this unit can be left behind to load or discharge whilst the driver with the
truc-0chassis can change to another unit.
These units are not used for sea transport.
S,!er(,
The simultaneous &oint action of separate parties" which" together" have greater total effect than the
sum of their individual effects.
S,stem
A whole body of connected elements" which influence each other and have specific relations with the
environment.
T
TAR# I!t66omm&!a&tare 0TARIC1
The integrated customs tariff of the community.
TIR
Transport 1nternational des 'erchandises par la 8oute.
TOFC
See %railer on #lat Car
Ta%%,ma!
A person who records the number of cargo items together with the condition thereof at the time it is
loaded into or discharged from a vessel.
Ta!) Co!ta!er
A tan-" surrounded by a framewor- with the overall dimensions of a container for the transport of
li(uids or gasses in bul-.
Ta!)er
A vessel designed for the carriage of li(uid cargo in bul-.
Tare Mass o# Co!ta!er
See %are 7eight of Container
Tare /e(-t o# Co!ta!er
'ass of an empty container including all fittings and appliances associated with that particular type of
container on its normal operating condition.
Tar##
The schedule of rates" charges and related transport conditions.
Tarpa&%!
@aterproof material" e.g. canvas" to spread over cargo to protect it from getting wet.
Te!$er
A small boat used to carry persons from shore to ship and bac-
Collo(uial term used to describe the condition of a ship having marginal stability
To present for acceptance an offer )to tender a bit*
Term!a%
A location on either end of a transportation line including servicing and handling facilities. ),34
Nedlloyd synonym of container terminal*.
Terms o# De%+er,
All the conditions agreed upon between trading partners regarding the delivery of goods and the
related services.
Note: Under normal circumstances the 1NC4 terms are used to prevent any misunderstandings.
Terms o# Fre(-t
All the conditions agreed upon between a carrier and a merchant about the type of freight and charges
due to the carrier and whether these are prepaid or are to be collected.
Note: The so/called Combi terms based on the 1NC4 terms do ma-e a distinction what of the freight
and related costs is to be paid by the seller and what by the buyer. 1n the UN recommendation #6 a
coding system is recommended to recognise the various items.
T-erma% Co!ta!er
A container built with insulating walls" doors" floor and roof by which heat e.change with the
environment is minimised thus limiting temperature variations of the cargo.
T-r$ Part, 2o(st"s
Supply of logistics related operations between traders by an independent organisation.
T-ro&(- C-ar(e
The total rate from point of departure to point of destination. 1t may be a &oint rate or a combination of
rates )air cargo*.
T-ro&(- Rate
See %hrough Charge
T-ro&(- Ro&te
The total route from point of departure to point of destination.
Ter
A horiDontal division of a vessel from bottom to top. The numbers run from bottom to dec- and from
dec- upwards and are used as a part of the indication of a stowage place for containers.
T%t Tra!sport
8oad transport whereby the cargo area is protected against the elements by means of a tilt made of
canvas or other pliable material.
Tme C-arter
A contract whereby a vessel is let to a charterer for a stipulated period of time or voyage" for a
remuneration -nown as hire" generally a monthly rate per ton deadweight or a daily rate.
The charterer is free to employ the vessel as he thin-s fit within the terms as agreed" but the shipowner
continues to manage his own vessel through the master and crew who remain his servants.
Tme S-eet
Statement" drawn/up by the ship%s agent at the loading and discharging ports" which details the time
wor-ed in loading and discharging the cargo together with the amount of laytime used.
To!
!. Unit of weight measurement+ !??? -ilograms )metric ton* or #"#7? lbs )long ton*.
#. Unit of cubic measurement" mainly used to e.press the cubic capacity of a vessel.
6. Unit of weight or measurement used as a basis for the calculation of freights )freight ton*.
To!!a(e
!. Cubic capacity of a merchant vessel.
#. Total weight or amount of cargo e.pressed in tons.
bac- to top
Tra"!(
The action of retrieving information concerning the whereabouts of cargo" cargo items" consignments
or e(uipment.
Tra") > Tra"e
The pro/active trac-ing of the product along the supply chain" and the paper information flow relating to
the order.
Tra")!(
The function of maintaining status information" including current location" of cargo" cargo items"
consignments or containers either full or empty.
Tra"to!
The power to grip or hold to a surface while moving without slipping.
Tra"tor
A powered vehicle designed and used for towing other vehicles.
Tra$e

!.
,34 Nedlloyd+ A trade is a liner service )e.g. N;$;S* or a cargo flow between two individual mar-ets
)e.g. North Atlantic Trade*

#.
a*
The e.change of goods" funds" services or information with value to the parties involved. This value is
either previously agreed or established during business.

b*
A commercial connection between two or more individual mar-ets.
Tra##"
The number of passengers" (uantity of cargo etc. carried over a certain route.
Tra%er
A vehicle without motive power" designed for the carriage of cargo and to be towed by a motor vehicle.
Tra%er o! F%at Car
Abbreviation+ T4$C
Carriage of piggybac- highway trailers on specially e(uipped railway wagons.
Tramp Vesse%
A vessel not operating under a regular schedule.
Tra!s Sbera! 2a!$br$(e
4verland route from ;urope to the $ar ;ast via the Trans Siberian 8ailway )TS8*.
Tra!s#er Car(o
Cargo arriving at a point by one flight and continuing there/from by another flight )air cargo*.
Tra!s-pme!t
!. A shipment under one ),34 Nedlloyd* 5ill of <ading" whereby sea )ocean* transport is
%bro-en% into two or more parts. The port where the sea )ocean* transport is %bro-en% is the
transhipment port.
#. Transfer of cargo from one means of transport to another for on/carriage during the course of
one transport operation.
6. Customs+ Customs procedure under which goods are transferred under customs control from
the importing means of transport to the e.porting means of transport within the area of one
customs office which is the office of both importation and e.portation.
Tra!st Car(o
!. Cargo between outwards customs clearance and inwards customs clearance.
#. Cargo arriving at a point and departing there/from by the same through flight )air cargo*.
Tra!st Co&!tr,
4ne of the States signatory to the Convention on Common Transit )currently" the != States of the
;uropean Union and the ;uropean $ree Trade Association" plus San 'arino*.
Tra!spo!$er
A device )chip* used for identification" which automatically transmits certain coded data when actuated
by a special signal from an interrogator.
Tra!sport
The assisted movement of people and or goods.
Note: Transport is often used as a generic term for various means of transport" and is distinguished
from %movement% in that it re(uires such means.
Tra!sport Do"&me!t
Document evidencing a contract of carriage between a shipowner and a consignor" such as bill of
lading" seawaybill or a multimodal transport document. )1'4*
See Shipping Document
Tra!sport I!ter!ato!a% b, Roa$
Abbreviation+ T18
A set of rules following a customs convention to facilitate the international" ;uropean transport of goods
by road with minimal interference under cover of T18/carnets.
Tra!sport U!t
A physical unit" e.g. container or c-d uni(uely identified )for instance by license plate* that has been
provided by the original shipper for transportation and that should not be split during the transportation
process. A transport handling unit can contain different pac-ages. )automotive industry*
Trp
See 2o!age
Tr&")
Class of automotive vehicles of various siDes and designs for transporting goods.
Tr&!)
The stretch between two hubs mutually.
Tr&ste$ T-r$ Part, 0TTP1Ser+"es
A trusted party is a party which at least two other parties trust. TT,Gs may provide some additional
services such as time/stamping" etc. The TT, services relevant to ;lectronic 5usiness include+
1ndependent time/stamping
Attribute certificates
Notary functions
Document repository
Non/repudiation of submission0delivery
Translation0validation of certificates
bac- to top
T&(master
5rand name of tractor unit used in ports to pull trailers. They are e(uipped with a fifth wheel or a
goosenec- type of coupling.
T*ee!$e")
Cargo carrying surface below the main dec- dividing a hold horiDontally in an upper and a lower
compartment.
T*e!t, Foot E.&+a%e!t U!t
Abbreviation+ T;U
Unit of measurement e(uivalent to one twenty foot ,34 Nedlloyd container.
T*st%o")
Device which has to be inserted into the corner fittings of a ,34 Nedlloyd container and is turned or
twisted" thus loc-ing the container for the purpose of securing or lifting.
T*o /a, Pa%%et
A pallet of which the frame permits the entry of for-s of )e.g. a for- lift at two opposite sides*.
T,pe o# Car(o
An indication of the sort of cargo to be transported" )e.g. 5rea- 5ul-" Containerised" 8o8o*.
T,pe o# E.&pme!t
The type of material used" e.g. 7? feet container" four way pallet or mafi trailer.
T,pe o# 2oa$ I!$"ator
A general reference or a classification of loads of cargo li-e %$C<%" %<C<%" %unpac-ed% and even ship%s
convenience container" though this is rarely used nowadays.
T,pe o# Mea!s o# Tra!sport
The type of vehicle used in the transport process" e.g. wide/body aircraft" tan- truc- or passenger
vessel.
T,pe o# Mo+eme!t
Description of the service for movement of containers.
Note: The following type of movement can be indicated on 50< and 'anifest all combinations of $C<
and <C< and brea- bul- and 8o8o. @hilst only on the manifest combinations of 9ouse" Iard and C$S
can be mentioned.
T,pe o# Pa")!(
Description of the pac-aging material used to wrap" contain and protect goods to be transported.
T,pe o# Tra!sport
The indication whether the carrier or the merchant effects and bears the responsibility for inland
transport of cargo in containers i.e. a differentiation between the logistical and legal responsibility.
Note: Jalues are Carrier haulage and 'erchant haulage" whilst in this conte.t special cases are
carrier/nominated merchant haulage" and merchant nominated carrier haulage.
T,pe o# Vesse%
The sort of vessel used in the transport process e.g. Container" 8o8o" or 'ulti ,urpose.
U
U%%a(e
$ree space above a li(uid contained in a tan-" drum or tan-/container" e.pressed as a percentage of
the total capacity. Ullage is often used to leave room for possible e.pansion of the li(uid.
U%tmate Co!s(!ee
,arty who has been designated on the invoice or pac-ing list as the final recipient of the stated
merchandise.
U%tra 2ar(e Cr&$e Carrer
Abbreviation+ U<CC
A vessel designed for the carriage of li(uid cargo in bul- with a loading capacity from #?.??? till
??.??? D@T.
U!a""ompa!e$ Ba((a(e
<uggage not accompanied by a passenger.
U!$er"arra(e
!. A supporting frame or structure of a wheeled vehicle.
#. The landing gear of an aircraft.
U!$er"arrer
A carrier in a conference or consortium who carries less cargo than the allotment distributed to him.
U!#orm
The in !>>6 revised rules of the 1nternational Chamber of Commerce )1CC* governing a letter of credit
issued in respect of goods shipped applicable as from !/!/!>>7.
U!o! I!ter!ato!a%e $es C-em!s $e Fer
Abbreviation+ U1C
1nternational railway union" in which most of the ;uropean national railway companies are united.
U!t 2oa$
A number of individual pac-ages bonded" palletised or strapped together to form a single unit for more
efficient handling by mechanical e(uipment.
U!t 2oa$ De+"e
Abbreviation+ U<D
!. Any type of container or pallet" in which a consignment can be transported by air whether or
not such a container is considered aircraft e(uipment.
#. Any type of air freight container" aircraft container" aircraft pallet with a net" or aircraft pallet
with a net over an igloo.
U!te$ Nato!s Co!#ere!"e o! Tra$e a!$ De+e%opme!t
Abbreviation+ UNCTAD
A United Nations agency whose wor- in Shipping includes the liner code involving the sharing of
cargoes between the Shipping lines of the importing and e.porting countries and third countries in the
ratio 7?+7?+#?.
U!te$ Nato!s Da!(ero&s Goo$s N&mber
Abbreviation+ UNDA Number
The four/digit number assigned by the United Nations Committee of ;.perts on the Transport of
Dangerous Aoods to classify a substance or a particular groups of substances.
Note: The prefi. %UN% must always be used in con&unction with these numbers.
U!te$ Nato!s E"o!om" Commsso! #or E&rope
Abbreviation+ UN0;C;
The UN0;C; is one of a number of ;conomic and Social Commissions established by the Aeneral
Assembly of the United Nations. Despite its name it embraces both ;urope and North America. The
UN0;C; comprises twenty nine core member states" as well as any country which is a member of the
United Nations and which applies under Article !! of the United Nations constitution for delegate
status.
The aim is to advance the economic development of ;urope and associated countries through trade
facilitation and common agreements.
U!te$ Nato!s 2a,o&t :e,
Abbreviation+ UN<H
A standard )1S4:7##* which lays down the basic principles for the design of the image area on
documents for use in international trade.
U!te$ Nato!s Sta!$ar$ Messa(e
Abbreviation+ UNS'
A collection of structured data that is e.changed to convey information related to a specific transaction
between partners engaged in electronic data interchange. 'essages are composed of logically
grouped segments re(uired for the type of message transaction covered.
Note: A set of segments in the order specified in a message directory starting with the message header
and ending with the message trailer )1S4>76*.
Ut%sato! Rate
The (uotient of used capacity and available capacity.
V
Va"&&m Pa")!(
A pac-aging techni(ue that suc-s all the air and moisture from a product" pac-ing the goods in a
vacuum. This reduces the siDe of the product" allowing more goods to be pac-ed.
Va%$ato! R&%e
The validation rules are a subset of the business rules defining constraints on the logical data model.
They are e.pressed in the definitions of entities" domains and attributes.
Va%&ab%e Car(o
A consignment which contains one or more valuable articles.
Va%&ato! C-ar(e
Transport charges for certain goods" based on the value declared for the carriage of such goods.
Va%&e A$$e$ Ta'
Abbreviation+ JAT
A form of indirect sales ta. paid on products and services at each stage of production or distribution"
based on the value added at that stage and included in the cost to the ultimate customer.
Va%&e C-a! Ma!a(eme!t De#!to!
'a.imising total performance and added value across an entire process by reviewing each internal
and e.ternal operation" and the lin-s between these operations.
The process will be reviewed in a systematic and standard way in order to optimise speed" certainty"
and cost effectiveness for the parties involved.
The process review can be achieved through established procedures and e.isting techni(ues such as
value chain analysis and activity based costing.
Va!!!(
See Stuffing
Ve!$ee
5uyer.
Ve!$or
Seller.
Ver, 2ar(e Cr&$e Carrer
Abbreviation+ J<CC
A vessel designed for the carriage of li(uid cargo in bul- with a loading capacity from ?.??? till
#?.??? D@T.
Vesse%
!. A floating structure designed for the transport of cargo and0or passengers.
#. 5oiler" drum.
Vo%at%t, A%%o*a!"e
The largest difference in container availability ta-ing into account past pea-s in net demand after
having removed the trend in container demand during the repositioning trade/off period.
Vo%&me
SiDe or measure of anything in three dimensions.
Vo%&me C-ar(e
A charge for carriage of goods based on their volume )air cargo*.
Vo&"-er
A receipt" entry or another document which establishes the accounts.
Vo,a(e
A &ourney by sea from one port or country to another one or" in case of a round trip" to the same port.
Vo,a(e C-arter
A contract under which the shipowner agrees to carry an agreed (uantity of cargo from a specified port
or ports to another port or ports for a remuneration called freight" which is calculated according to the
(uantity of cargo loaded" or sometimes at a lumpsum freight.
Vo,a(e N&mber
8eference number assigned by the carrier or his agent to the voyage of the vessel.
/
/at!( Tme
The period of time between the moment at which one is ready for an activity to start and the moment at
which this activity can actually begin.
See also+ 2ueue Time
/a+er C%a&se
Clause in a marine insurance policy stating that no acts of the insurer or insured in recovering" saving
or preserving the property insured" shall be considered a dismissal from or acceptance of
abandonment.
/ar Rs)
,erils of war or warli-e operations" such as capture" seiDure" arrests" restraints of -ings" princesses
and people" hostilities" civil war" mines" torpedo%s. @ar ris-s are not covered under a policy for marine
perils and must therefore be covered under a separate policy for war ris-s.
/are-o&se
A building specially designed for receipt" storage and handling of goods.
/are-o&se :eeper
,arty who ta-es responsibility for goods entered into a warehouse.
/are-o&se Re"ept
8eceipt for products deposited in a warehouse.
/are-o&s!(
Those activities of holding and handling goods in a warehouse )store*.
/arsa* Co!+e!to!
The Convention for the Unification of Certain 8ules 8elating to 1nternational Carriage by Air" signed at
@arsaw" !# 4ctober !>#>" or that Convention as amended by the 9ague ,rotocol" !>" stipulating
obligations or parties and limitations and0or e.onerations of carriers )air cargo*.
/aste Dsposa%
,rocessing and or removal to final resting place or transfer to a place for re/use or recovering of waste.
/aste 2o(st"s
The collection of used" damaged" or outdated products and or pac-aging from designated users.
/a,b%%
Non/negotiable document evidencing the contract for the transport of cargo.
/ear a!$ Tear
<oss or deterioration resulting from ordinary use.
/e(-t C-ar(e
The charge for carriage of goods based on their weight )air cargo*.
/e(-t To!
A ton of !??? -ilos.
/-ar#
A place for berthing vessels to facilitate loading and discharging of cargo.
/-ar#a(e
The fee charged for the use of a wharf for mooring" loading or discharging a vessel or for storing
goods.
/-o%esa%er
An intermediary between manufacturers and retailers in various activities such as promotion"
warehousing" and the arranging of transport and or distribution.
/or) 2oa$
The (uantity of wor- ahead assigned to a certain facility such as a wor- station" capacity group or a
department respectively staff/member.
/or%$ Hea%t- Or(a!4ato!
Abbreviation+ @94
The global agency lin-ed with the United Nations and co/operating with other technical agencies
relating to health matters at sea and on land.
/or%$ Meteoro%o("a% Or(a!sato!
Abbreviation+ @'4
The United Nations agency dealing with meteorological issues.
C
C7ra,
9igh fre(uency electromagnetic ray of short wave/length" capable of penetrating most solid
substances.
C9BD
1nternational standard of the CC1TT for pac-et switching.
C9@AA
A CC1TT recommendation designed to facilitate international message and information e.change
between subscribers of computer based store/and/forward services and office information systems in
association with public and private data networ-s.
C9DAA
The CC1TT now 1TU recommendations )1S4>>7* for the structure of directories for the maintenance of
addresses used in electronic mail.
CM2
;.tensible mar-/up language is an official recommendation by the @orld @ide @eb Consortium as a
successor of 9T'< )9yper Te.t 'ar-/up language* it can be used to convey documents layout and
contents from one computer application to another. L'< is a subset of SA'<.
CM23EDI
The e.change of structured information over the 1nternet using L'< as the synta..
Y
Yar$
$enced off" outdoor storage and repair area.
Ya*
Jariation of the course of a ship to port or starboard caused by the action of waves or wind.
Ya*%
!. A vessel%s small boat moved by one oar.
#. A small sailboat rigged fore/and/aft" with a short miDDenmast astern of the coc-pit /
distinguished from -etch.
Ye%$ B&")et
The remaining slot capacity for a trade0voyage in a certain port of loading after deduction of the
allowance for specific contracts.
Ye%$ Ma!a(eme!t
The process of ma.imising the contribution of every slot" vessel" trade and networ-. 5asically it should
be seen as the process of allocating the right type of capacity to the right -ind of customer at the right
price as to ma.imise revenue or yield.
The concept should be used in combination with load factor management.
Yor)7A!t*erp R&%es
See 1eneral Average Act
Z
Zo$a"
A rubber dinghy. An inflatable craft for the transport of people.
Zo!e
Area" belt or district e.tending about a certain point defined for transport and0or charge purpose.
Zo!e Ha&%a(e Rate
The rate for which the carrier will underta-e the haulage of goods or containers between either the
place of delivery and the carrier%s appropriate terminal. Such haulage will be underta-en only sub&ect to
the terms and conditions of the tariff and of the carrier%s Combined Transport 5ill of <ading.
Zo!e Impro+eme!t P%a!
Abbreviation+ K1,
System to simplify sorting and delivery of mail" consisting of a number of five digits )the so/called K1,/
code* for identification of the state" city or district" and the postal Done in the U.S.A. delivery areas.