ICS 103: Computer Programming in C Handout-2 Topic: Overview of C. Objective
This document provides an overview of the C programming language. It discusses C language elements like preprocessor directives, variable declarations, and reserved keywords. It also presents the general format of a C program, including the main function and shows a sample C program that displays a welcoming message. Key aspects covered are preprocessor directives like #include and #define, variable declaration syntax, reserved keywords, and the typical structure of a C program with preprocessor directives, variable declarations, statements, and return.
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ICS 103: Computer Programming in C Handout-2 Topic: Overview of C. Objective
This document provides an overview of the C programming language. It discusses C language elements like preprocessor directives, variable declarations, and reserved keywords. It also presents the general format of a C program, including the main function and shows a sample C program that displays a welcoming message. Key aspects covered are preprocessor directives like #include and #define, variable declaration syntax, reserved keywords, and the typical structure of a C program with preprocessor directives, variable declarations, statements, and return.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ICS 103: Computer Programming in C
Handout-2 Topic: Overview of C.
O!ective: To know about C Language Elements. To know about general format and syntax of simple C program. To know about variable declaration / identifiers and reserved key words in C. C "#$%&#%' '"'('$TS: Preprocessor Directives: #include Directive for Defining identifiers from Standard Libraries : Syntax : #include<standard header file > e.g #include <stdio.h> #include<math.h> #define Directive for creating constant : Syntax : #define NAME value e.g #define PI 3.14153 #define MI!E"#PE$#%M &.'(13) #define MA*#!EN+,- 1&& .rom this each identifier NAME is re/laced 01 the constant value and this value 2ill 0e remainin3 fi4ed 5constant6 throu3hout the 2hole /ro3ram.
Example: C program to find addition of two numbers is: / !o find sum of two numbers / #include <stdio.h> // preprocessor directive int main 5void6 // main function 7 int num0er18 num0er(8 sum9 // variable declarations /rintf5:Please in/ut t2o num0ers ; :69 // to display message scanf5:<d <d:8=num0er18 =num0er(69 // to read 2 numbers sum>num0er1?num0er(9 // to calculate sum /rintf5:,he sum of t2o num0ers is ; <d : 8sum69 // to print sum Pa3e 1 of 3 return &9 @ // end of main Overview of C Program: !"e general format of any C program is : /re/rocessor directives int main5void 6 7 varia0le declarations9 statements9 @ Complete overview of an C Program is explained in following example : / Displays t"e user#s nic$name and t"e current year in a welcoming message. / #include <stdio.h> /* printf, scanf definitions */ int main5void6 // main function 7 char letter#18 letter#(8 letter#3 8 letter#49 /* four letters */ int 1ear9 /* current year */ /rintf5:Enter a 4Aletter nicBname and /ress return ; :69 scanf5:<c <c <c <c:8 =letter#18 =letter#(8 =letter#38 =letter#469 // to read 4 letters from keyboard /rintf5:Enter the current 1ear and /ress return ;:69 scanf5:<d:8 =1ear69 // to read year from keyboard /rintf5:Celcome8 <c<c<c<c . <d is a 3reat 1ear to stud1 DEFn:8 letter#18 letter#(8 letter#38letter#48 1ear69 return 5&69 @ // end of main Sample %utput:
Enter a 4Aletter nicBname and /ress return ; Gmar Enter the current 1ear and /ress return ; (&&) Celcome8 Gmar. (&&) is a 3reat 1ear to stud1 DE )e*erved +e, -ord*: All reserved Be1 2ords in D lan3ua3e a//ear in lo2er case 9 the1 have s/ecial meanin3 in D and cannot 0e used for an1 other /ur/oses at an1 /lace . In our /revious /ro3rams reserved Be1 2ords are ; int 8 char 8 void 8 dou0le 8 return etc. A com/lete list of reserved Be1 2ords is /resent in 1our te4t 0ooB at A//endi4 + . Pa3e ( of 3 .aria/e dec/aration* in C Program* : ,he memor1 cells used for storin3 a /ro3ramHs in/ut data and its com/utational results are called varia0les 0ecause the values stored in varia0les ma1 chan3e 5 and usuall1 do 6 as the /ro3ram e4ecutes . Iaria0le names are also Bno2n as identifiers. Syntax for variable Declaration : int varia0le#list 9 dou0le varia0le#list 9 char varia0le#list 9 float varia0le#list 9 e.g int count8 lar3e 9 dou0le 48 18 J9 char first#initial8 second#initial 9 float a8 08 c 9 )u/e* for (a0ing an &*er 1efined Identifier2 .aria/e name : An identifier name can not 0e3in 2ith a di3it. An identifier name must consist onl1 of letters8 di3its8 or underscores. A D reserved Be1 2ord 5e.3 return 8 dou0le 8 int etc6 cannot 0e used as an identifier name. An identifier defined in a D standard li0rar1 5 e.3 /rintf 8 scanf 6 should not 0e redefined. &or example : 4 name8 int8 t2oA01Afour8 scanf are invalid identifiers name . &pperca*e and "owerca*e "etter* : In D K !an3ua3e there is 0i3 difference 0et2een lo2ercase and u//ercase letters . e.3 int num 9 and int NLM 9 0oth are different . "i*t of Some )e*erved +e, -ord* and Identifier* : 'eserved (ey )ords : int 8 void 8 dou0le 8 char 8 return 8 etc. *dentifiers from Standard Libraries + Standard *dentifiers , : /rintf8 scanf. -ser.Defined *dentifiers : PI8 radius8 area8 letter#18 circum8 1ear8 main etc.