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System Administration, For Linux

This document provides instructions for performing various system administration tasks on Linux, such as checking system processes and resources, managing services, viewing logs and process information, changing the hostname and network configuration, and updating packages using the Red Hat Network. It lists commands for checking system status, managing services, viewing processes and network connections, getting system information, managing file ownership, and updating packages from the Red Hat Network.

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80 views4 pages

System Administration, For Linux

This document provides instructions for performing various system administration tasks on Linux, such as checking system processes and resources, managing services, viewing logs and process information, changing the hostname and network configuration, and updating packages using the Red Hat Network. It lists commands for checking system status, managing services, viewing processes and network connections, getting system information, managing file ownership, and updating packages from the Red Hat Network.

Uploaded by

niravsoni001
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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System Administration, for Linux

DeveloperSide.NET Articles
Procedure for checking System
Check the environment.
...]# set
Show logged in users and what they are doing.
...]# w
Report process status -- make sure all needed processes are running (ex: apache, mysql, ssh).
...]# ps -auxf
Display used/free system memory.
...]# free -m
Display used/free disk memory.
...]# df -h
Display network interface information -- make sure your interfaces are up and running.
...]# ifconfig
Show network connections -- check the ports your system is listening on and the programs
behind those ports.
...]# netstat -ape
View logged activity.
...]# less /var/log/secure
View logged activity.
...]# less /var/log/messages
Show listing of last logged in users.
...]# last
Show log of login activity by user name.
...]# lastlog
List loaded modules.
...]# lsmod
Services
chkconfig is a tool for maintaining the /etc/rc[0-6].d directory hierarchy by relieving system
administrators of the task of directly manipulating the numerous symbolic links in those
directories.
List all of the services which chkconfig knows about.
...]# chkconfig --list
Turn services OFF or ON, under the specified System Run-Levels.
...]# chkconfig --level 0123456 service off/on
Control a Service.
...]# service service-name start/stop/reload
Processes
List running processes with their pids, under a hierarchical structure.
...]# ps -auxf
Kill a process.
...]# kill pid
Really kill a process, if previous kill is unsuccessful.
...]# kill -s 9 pid
Changing Hostname
Edit /etc/sysconfig/network, and re-login into the shell
Edit HOSTNAME="www.domain.com"
Edit DOMAINNAME="domain.com"
Display new hostname.
...]# hostname
Note that the prompt will now display the host: [user@www dir]#
Update local host aliases
Edit /etc/hosts...
Format is: IP <tab> www.your.domain <tab> alias
For localhost: 127.0.0.1 <tab> localhost.localdomain <tab> localhost
Add an extra IP address
...]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts]# cp
ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth0:1
Edit ifcfg-eth0:1...
Edit DEVICE="eth0:1"
Edit IPADDR="put.extra.ip.here"
Bind IP address.
...]# ifup eth0:1
Put NIC into Promiscuous Mode
Promiscuous mode allows your NIC to read ALL the data that is sent over the wire, and not just
the data destined for your IP.
...]# ifconfig eth0 promisc
To remove promiscuous mode...
...]# ifconfig eth0 -promisc
View Process info and Network connections
...]# ps -auxf
...]# netstat -ape
...]# lsof -i
System info
Display Bootup messages: ...]# dmesg
Display System information: ...]# uname -a
Linux www.domain.com 2.4.20-19.7 #1 Tue Jul 15 13:44:14 EDT 2003
i686 unknown
File Ownership
Change file owner and group: ...]# chown owner:group file
Change dir/file owner and group recursively: ...]# chown -R owner:group dir
Red Hat Network up2date, command line
Note:
configuration file is located under /etc/sysconfig/rhn/up2date
packages/headers are located under /var/spool/up2date
Register with the Red Hat Network
...]# rhn_register --nox
Change up2date options
...]# up2date --configure
Update the update program
...]# up2date --nox up2date
Show available relevant updated packages
...]# up2date --nox -l
Update system with all relevant packages
...]# up2date --nox -u
Install or Update package
...]#up2date --nox package_name

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