"manishkumarphysics.

in"
1
CHEMISTRY
asuru4i+ 4ifn+
saiai
(a) -=t=i+ iln+ +i =+--i =+ni -i + =+n l-nii +i l-i = i-- t:
(b) i ln+ tni i- n nt i i ln+i l-ii- t = l+ i ii +i +ni i l+n. liln- B
12
-ii viiii + +-
+i tininii- +nzi Mg, Co Fe + -=t=i+ iln+ t
(c) -=t= i + i ln+. lzn i+ =i- n . t ni+i ~lil+i n . ii- +n n . ii- ~i + zi lz+i n . +i i n i+i
n . n zi lz+i n nt i i ln+i l-ii- t
(d) -=t= i + i ln+i + t - = ~- vi n l - n-. -zii +i n- n -ii ~i iii =i-i + l-ni i n ii
i n t
4ini-+ 4ifn+
t <i ~ii <i = ~li+ iln+i + ==ni+ilnl- ~-i- n =i - ,ii -i i- t
4ini-+ 4ifn+
|
| |
fz+ ni asuru4it 4ifn+/u+n 4ifn+
fz+ ni :
t i nin+ i ln+ i ln- n ~-i t-i- ii < - t . l,+ ni +tni- t -<iti + ln( K
2
SO
4
ln-
+i Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
ln- n lnnii i-i t -i -- ini -izii ( il-) +i n n ln l+i i-i t - t K
+
,
Al
3+
-ii SO
4
2
~i- +i i-ii < -i t
K
2
SO
4
+ Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 24H
2
O K
2
SO
4
. Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
. 24H
2
O 2K
+
(aq.) + 2Al
+3
(aq.) + 4SO
4
2
(aq.)
~- -<iti +i- ni: [KCl.MgCl
2
.6H
2
O], ni t +i ni [FeSO
4
.(NH
4
)
2
SO
4
. 6H
2
O], i izi (nn [KAl(SO
4
)
2
.12H
2
O]
~il<
asuru4it 4ifn+ :
t inin+ iln+ i ln- n ~-i t-i- -i i- t (~ii- ~-i t-i- -ti ii-), -=t=ii iln+
+tni- t -<iti + ln(. KCNln- +i Fe(CN)
2
ln- n lnnii i-i t . -i -- ini -izii +i
n n ln l+i i-i t - t ~i=i-i = Fe
2+
-ii CN

+i i-ii l-+ n -ti < -i t

Fe(CN)
2
+ 4KCN Fe(CN)
2
. 4KCN or K
4
[Fe(CN)
6
] (aq.) 4K
+
(aq.) + [Fe(CN)
6
]
4
(aq.)
4 : 1 =+n
~- -<iti t [Cu(NH
3
)
4
]SO
4
(aq.) [Cu(NH
3
)
4
]
2+
(aq.) + SO
4
2
(aq.)
K
2
[Zn(CN)
4
] (aq.) 2K
+
(aq.) + [Zn(CN)
4
]
2
(aq.)
-=t= i + i ln+ ~-n -ii i nii< ii t -ii :-t =ni-- = + n ~ii ~i lzi- ti - = + n ~i- ii +ti i-i
t
asuru4it 4ifn+ r stzit r fu riia sii ii i4a a<iuta i / i4ai + ur u asuru4it
-ri zii ria r+
asuru4i+ n ii u-4 u-ii :
(+ -=t= i i nn =ini-- (+ + -< i ii- nii ~i- i- t i l+ ~- nii ~ii =n ti +i l-lz--
=i + =ii li- ti- t . l-t lnn - +t- t t lnn- -<i=i- ~ii ~i lzi- ti =+- t -<iti l--- t
[Co(NH
3
)
6
]
3+
, [PtCl
4
]
2
, [Fe(CN)
6
]
3
, [NiCl
2
(OH
2
)
4
].
+-< i nii ~i- -ii t ( lnn - +i [ ] n lnii i-i t -ii t = +- = =n- nn-=t= i +
nn +tni-i t
fasit = + n ~i-i + ~l-l+- zi i ~i- ~ii - -=t= i + nn + it l-i- ~i-i +i n +- l- ~i-
~ii ~i-l-- ~i- +t- t -<iti + ln( K
4
[Fe(CN)
6
] n ilzin -=t=i+ nn [Fe(CN)
6
]
4
+ n +-
~i- t
"manishkumarphysics.in"
2
CHEMISTRY
Example-1 ii +il( +i Fe(NH
4
)
2
(SO
4
)
2
(+ l,+ ni t -- K
3
Fe(CN)
6
(+ = + n i ln+ t
Solution Fe(NH
4
)
2
(SO
4
)
2
(+ l,+ ni t +il+ :=+i ln- Fe
2+
, NH
4
+
-ii SO
4
2
~i-i +i l-ii <-i t
K
3
Fe(CN)
6
(+ l,+ ni -ti t -- t (+ =+n iln+ t +il+ := iln+ +i ln- K
+
-ii
[Fe(CN)
6
]
3
~i- i-i t -ii t [Fe(CN)
6
]
3
~i- ~in Fe
3+
-ii CN

~i-i +i i-ii -ti <-i t

Example-2 l--- -=t=ii iln+i n -=t=ii nn -ii n+- ~i- -i:(
[Cr(NH
3
)
6
]Cl
3
; K
4
[Fe(CN)
6
], K
2
[PtCl
4
] ; [Ni(CO)
4
]; K
2
[Ni(CN)
4
].
Solution l< n -=t=ii iln+i n =n- nn +nzi [Cr(NH
3
)
6
]
3+
; [Fe(CN)
6
]
4
; [PtCl
4
]
2
-ii [Ni(CO)
4
],
[Ni(CN)
4
]
2
t. -ii :-+ n+- ~i- +nzi Cl

, K
+
, K
+
, (+i: n+- ~i- -ti) -ii K
+
t
+-<t4 sii/i4a l+=i -=t= i + nn n . nii ~i- i lnn - +i (+ l-lz-- = i + =ii (+ l-lz--
iln-i -ii n lz t-i t . + -< i nii ~ii ~i- +tni-i t -<itiii . [NiCl
2
(OH
2
)
4
], [CoCl(NH
3
)
5
]
2+
-ii [Fe(CN)
6
]
3
n +-<i nii~i- +nzi Ni
2+
, Co
3+
-ii Fe
3+
t :- +-<i nii~i~i-i +i nru n
ii +t- t
fnn- -=t= i + nn n + -< i nii ~i- = =ii lz i-i-. +ii- ~ii -<i=i- ~i lnn - +tni- t t
=ini-=n ~i- = Br

, zi ~i = H
2
Oi NH
3
~i = H
2
NCH
2
CH
2
NH
2
i N(CH
2
CH
2
NH
2
)
3
~ii t<i =
i i- ti =+- t
(+ lnn -. ii- ~i- = (+n <i-i nii ,ii lz ti -i t . = Cl

, H
2
Oi NH
3
, -i fnn- y+<a /y+<a+
+tni-i t :=i v+i lnn - <i <i-i nii ~i ,ii lz ti -i t . = H
2
NCH
2
CH
2
NH
2
((i --1, 2-i:( ni-) ~ii
C
2
O
4
2
(~i+=n), -i (=i lnn- fz<a/fz<a+ ~i (+ lnn- n ~-+ <i-i nii -l-i- ti. =i l+
N(CH
2
CH
2
NH
2
)
3
n t . -i lnn - r<a/r<a+ +tni-i t (lini-i:( ni- i( =i ~i- (EDTA)
4
(+ nt i
t<- lnn- t
+tna fnn-/n4+i+ fnn- +in lnn - l, ~ii t <-- lnn - ti - t i <i ~ii <i = ~li+ <i-i nii ~i
= (+ (+n ii- ~i- = li- ti + (+ n ( i i - ~ii z =<- ini) -i- t . -ii ni = + n. +in = + n
+tni-i t -ii +in l-ni i +i v+n +in i+i (n+i) +tni-i t ( = i -i- in =n ti +i = i lnn - +i <-- -i
+tni-i t +in n n nii ~i +i = i + z ii ti =+-i t =ini-- t ii- ~i- + =ii 5 ~ii 6 nii i-i
t zi i n n zi +i i -ii < i =ini- = +n ti -i t ~- :-n --i --- ti -i t l+ i ni n li- nii
-ii = li- lnn - + n --i -ti ti -i t + z lnn - (+ = ~li+ n -i- t ; (lini-i:( ni- i( =i ~i- (EDTA)
4
-i +ii ~i +=n =n ti ,ii -ii <i (ni- -i: i - ,ii 5 ni +i l-ni i +-i t
+in = + n. -=i +i + =ni- = + n i (+n <-- lnn - i- ti . +i ~ -ii -iii ti - t . =ini- = + n +i - n-i
n +in = + ni +i ~li+ -iil-i +in viin+i vii +tni-i t . -<iti + ln(.
Ni
2+
(aq) + 6 NH
3
(aq) [Ni(NH
3
)
6
]
2+
(aq) K
l-ni i
= 10
8
Ni
2+
(aq) + 3 NH
2
CH
2
CH
2
NH
2
(aq) [Ni(en)
6
]
2+
(aq) K
l-ni i
= 10
18
i - -ii z =<-i n ~li+ -iii ti -i t
Example-3 =nni:( l+ [Fe(en)
3
)]
3+
, [Fe(EDTA)]

+i ~ -ii +n -iii +i ti -i t `
Solution [Fe(en)
3
)
3+
+i =--i n i- =<-i ni +i = i -i- t < =i ~i [Fe(EDTA)]

+ ln( = --i n z
=<-i ni +i =i i- t
i - =<-i n. z =<-i n +i ~ -ii +n -iii ti -i t ~- [Fe(en)
3
)]
3+
, [Fe(EDTA)]

+i - n-i n +n -iii t
"manishkumarphysics.in"
3
CHEMISTRY
<-a+ai aii +tnat+i {n4+i)
uiit : 1
"uii-4 y+<a+ fnn-"
l kekU; uke
IUPAC
uke l w=k
esfFky vkbl ksl k; ukbM esfFky vkbl ksl k; ukbM
CH
3
NC
VkbQsfuy QkWLQhu VkbQsfuyQkWLQhu
PPh
3
fi fj Mhu fi fj Mhu
C
5
H
5
N (py)
veksfu; k , Eehu
NH
3
esfFky , ehu esfFku , ehu
MeNH
2
t y , DokvFkok, Doks
H
2
O
dkcksZfuy dkcksZfuy
CO
Fkk; ksdkcksZfuy Fkk; ksdkcksZfuy
CS
ukbVksfl y ukbVksfl y
NO
yksj ks yksj ksvFkokyksfj Mks
* F

Dyksj ks Dyksj ksvFkokDyksfj Mks

* Cl

czkseks czkseksvFkokczksfeMks
* Br

vk; ksMks vk; ksMksvFkokvk; ksfMMkss

* I

l k; uks l k; ukbMksvFkokl k; ukbMks

-C* (C-
cfU/kr
) CN

vkbl ksl k; uks vkbl ksl k; ukbMksvFkokl k; ukbMks

-N* (N-
cU/k
) NC

Fkk; ksl k; uks Fkk; ksl k; usVks

-S (S-
cfU/kr
) SCN

vkbl ksFkk; kssl k; uks Fkk; ksl k; usVks

-N (N-
cfU/kr
) NCS

l k; usVkssl k; usV l k; usVks

-O (O-
cfU/kr
) OCN

vkbl ksl k; usVksvkbl ksl k; usV l k; usVks

-N (N-
cfU/kr
) NCO

gkbMkWDl ks gkbMkWDl ksvFkokgkbMkWDl kbMksa

* OH

ukbVks ukbVhVkss
-N (N-
cfU/kr
) NO
2

ukbVkbVks ukbVhVkss
-O (O-
cfU/kr
) ONO

ukbVsV ukbVsVkss
NO
3

, ekbMks , ekbMks
NH
2

bfeMks bfeMks
NH
2
ukbVkbM ukbVhMks
N
3
, t kbMks , t kbMks
N
3

gkbMkbM gkbMkbMks
H

vkWDl kbM vkWDl kbMks

O
2
i j kWDl kbM i j kvkWDl kbMks
O
2
2
l qi j vkWWDl kbM l qi j vkWDl kbMks
O
2

, fl VsV , fl VsVks
CH
3
COO

l YQsV l YQVks
SO
4
2
Fkk; ksl YQsV Fkk; ksl YQkbVks
S
2
O
3
2
l YQkbV l YQkbVks
SO
3
2
gkbMkst u l YQkbV gkbMkst u l YQhVkss
HSO
3

l YQkbM l YQkbMksvFkokFkk; ks
S
2
gkbMkst u l YQkbM gkbMkst ul YQhMksvFkokej dsIVks
HS

Fkk; ksukbVkbVks Fkk; ksukbVkbVks

(NOS)

ukbVksfl fy; e ukbVksfl fy; e vFkokukbVksl ksfu; e

NO
+
ukbVksfu; e ukbVksfu; e
NO
2
+
* IUPAC 2004
dsvuql kj _ . kvk; fud fyxs . Mdkuke vkbMks
(ido)
} kj kl ekIr gksr kgSaA
"manishkumarphysics.in"
4
CHEMISTRY
uiit : 2
uii-4 +tna yta
uiit : 3
uii-4 r<-a {+tna) fnn-
l kekU; eku
IUPAC
uke l adsr l ww=k l aj puk
, fl fVy , fl VksusVks
2,4-
i sUVsuMk+bZvkssu vFkok
, fl fVy , fl VksusVks
acac CH3COCHCOCH3

2,2'-
ckbfi j hfMu
2,2'-
ckbZfi j hMhy
bipy C
10
H
8
N
2
1,10-
fQuksUFkzksy hu@fQuksUFkzksy hu
1,10-
Mkb, ehuksafQusUFkzhu
phen,o-phen C12H8N2
vkWDl sy sVks vkWDl sy sVks
ox C
2
O
4
2
Mkb, fYdy MkbFkk; ksdkcksZusVks Mkb, fYdy dkcsZekssMkbZFkk; ks, sVks
dtc S2CNR2

1,2-
fcl MkbQsfuy QkWLQhu, sFksu
1,2-
, FksuMkbZy fcl ~MkbQsfuy QkWLQhu
dppe Ph2PC2H4PPh2
o-
Qs fuy hufcl ~MkbZesfFky vkl hZu
1,2-
Qsfuy hufcl ~MkbZesfFky vkl hZu
diars C6H4(As(CH3)2)2
MkbZesafFky Xy kbvkWDl hesVks
C; wVsuMkbbZuMkbZvkWfDl e vFkok
MkbZesfFky Xy kbZvkWfDl esVks
DMG HONCC(CH
3
)C(CH
3
)NO

, sfFky huMkbZ, sehuVsVk, sfl VsVks

1,2-
, FksuMkbbZy
MkbukbVhy ksVsVk, fl VsVksvFkok
, sfFky huMkb, sehuVsVk, sfl VsVks
EDTA (

OOCCH
2
)
2
NCH
2
CH
2
N(CH
2
COO

)
2
i k; j st ksy k; y cksj sVks gkbMksfVl ~i k; j st ks
1
vkbZy cksj sVks

OCH C 2

OCH C
2
CH CO
2

CH CO 2

||
O
||
||
O
O
||
O
::
"manishkumarphysics.in"
5
CHEMISTRY
snut-aa fnn-/sffaa <a+ai in fnn-:
(+ t <-- +. i li-- -=t= i i i ln+ n li--li-- <-- +-i <i- +-i t . +i +n +=i - lnn - +t- t t
i- i- i t l+ (+ l-lz-- =+n -ii l-lz-- lnn- + ln( <--+-i l-lz-- t-i t. t =ni- iln+ n
l--ziin -ti ti =+-i t
EDTA, ia<-a+, s<-a+ + =ii=ii -- +<-- + lnn - +i -t ii +i +-i t a<iri + fny ,
EDTA, uii-4a ia<-a+ fnn- r, s-a [Cr(III)(OH)(EDTA)]
2
-ii [Co(III)Br(EDTA)]
2
4r s<-a+ + =ni-
-ii [Pd(II)H
2
(EDTA)]
0
n t -- +<--+ lnn - + =ni- +i +-i t
SO
4
2
, =-+ ~i- y+n ~ii fz<-a+ lnn - ii ti =+-i t a<iri + fny ,
ai4<-at fnn-
lnn - i l+ :=n -l-i- <i li-- nii ~i + ,ii + -< i nii i ~i- = =+-i t . -i<--i lnn - +tni-i
t := +i + lnn - + -<iti CN

, NO
2

-ii SCN ~i- t NO

2

~i- (+ + -< i ii- nii ~i- = i

-i -i:i- ~ii ~i+=i- nii~i = -=t=il- l+i i-i t :=i +i SCN ~i- +i =-+ ~ii
-i:i- nii = -=t=il- l+i i-i t := +i +i =-ii-i( -=t=ii iln+i n ln+ =ni-i
--- +-i t -<iti + ln(.
-i:l i -N
M ON=O -i:l i -O
M SCN iii=i-i ~ii iii=i-i-S
M NCS ~i:=iiii=i-i ~ii iii=i-i-N
u-4 u4i :
lnn - -ii + -< i nii ~i- + i- l=ni -ii +i = i ,ii + -< i nii ~i- +i =n- = i l-ii l-
+i i-i t . ~ii - lnn - + <i-i nii +i = i i l+ =ii ii- ~i- = ti - t l< t ( nii -ii + -< i
nii ~i + i- +i: t--i ti -i -== =n- = i +i l-ii i -ti l+i i-i t o--i +i i n- = : ln-
l+i i-i t i <i-i nii = tn lnn - = zi n ~ l+- ti -i t . = l+ -i- <zii i ni t
[Co(:NH
3
)
6
]
3+
, [Fe(:CN)
6
]
3
, [Ni(:CO)
4
], [Co(:Cl
4
)]
2
.
=n- =i 6 (== =iiii), 4 (6 + z-i-) -ii 2 (4 + z-i-) == =iiii =n- =i( ti-i t -ii lin
-=t=ii =i =ini-- -ti (< ni-i =) i-- ti -i t
ni ii- ~i +i +z =ini- =n- =i l--- +i = -i- <i n: t
ii- =n- =i (C.N.) ii- =n- =i (C.N.)
Cu
+
2, 4 Ni
2+
4, 6
Ag
+
2 Fe
2+
4, 6
Au
+
2, 4 Fe
3+
6
Hg
2
2+
2 Co
2+
4, 6
Cu
2+
4, 6 Co
3+
6
Ag
2+
4 Al
3+
6
Pt
2+
4 Sc
3+
6
Pd
2+
4 Pt
4+
6
Mg
2+
6 Pd
4+
6
"manishkumarphysics.in"
6
CHEMISTRY
u-4 r+n+
+-<i nii~i- = =ii lnn- nii~i +i l<+-ii- -ii (spatial arrangement) +i +-<i nii +
-ii ~i +i =n- t +n+ +t- t -<itiii . [Co(NH
3
)
6
]
3+
~+n+i t . Ni(CO)
4
-- +n+i t -ii [PtCl
4
]
2
n =n-ni t -i- l-zi n lli-- =n--+n+. ni+i =n-ni. ~+n+i. ni+i lilnn. lzi+iii
l,lilnn =n- t +n+i +i ~i+l-i <zii: n: t
+-<t4 sii +t iut+i u4i
(+ =+ n n +-<i nii = =ii lnn-i +i l< --+ =in + :n + i- n =lt- ti lni i( -i +-< i
nii -l-i- ~i zi +i -=+i ~i +=i+i = i +t- t ~i +=i+i = i +i -=t= i - =-ii + -in n + -< i
nii + = + - + i< +i a+ n i n- ~ + = <zii i i-i t -<itiii . [Fe(CN)
6
]
3
n ~i- +i ~i+=i+i ~ +
+3 t -ii := Fe(III) v+i = lnii i-i t
riinfa+ aii rainfa+ u+n
=+n l-n ii- nii +n (+ +i + <i-i =nt = i t-i t. -<itiii [Cr(NH
3
)
6
]
3+
, tininl-+ =+n
+tni- t = + n l-n ii- nii (+ = ~li+ +i + <i-i =n ti = i t-i t -<itiii , [Co(NH
3
)
4
Br
2
]
+
,
tinl-+ =+n +tni- t
asuru4ia 4ifn+i +i ai+i
(++-<i -=t=i- iln+i + =zi l--- l-ni + ~-=i lni i- t
(i) =in +-<i nii lnii i-i t
(ii) -z-i- lnn -i +i ~ n i i nini + +n n lnii i-i t lnn - +i l-il- -=+ ~i zi l-i -ti +-i
(iii) t < - lnn - ii ~ n i i nini + +n n lni i- t = + -i-i n lni t ( lnn - + in ~-i +i i-
n i+ i nini + +n n -=+i l-il- l-iil- +i i-i t
(iv) =- i -=t= i - =-ii. ~i lzi- ti ~ii - ti . -=+ = zi +i (+ n +i a+ n lnii i-i t l< lnn -
tnii + ti -i --+ =zi +i +i a+ n lni- t . =+ -i-i n lni lnn - +i ii +ia+ n lni- t
(v) =n- nn n ii- -ii lnn -i + = zii + n -ii- -ti zi i i-i t
(vi) ~i zi +- -=t=i- =-ii +i = zi l-i l+=i l-~i- + lni- t -i -=t=i - =-ii +i ~izi
n +i a+ + it <i: ~i n ii+ (superscript) + n lnii i-i t l=n tn ~i zi +i = i ~i
l+ ~i zi +i l--t lni- t -<itiii . [Co(H
2
O)
6
]
3+
, [Fe(CN)
6
]
3
~il<
(vii) i-i- + ~i zi +i +ii- + ~i zi = = - ln- l+i i-i t
y++-<t4 asuru4ia 4ifn+i +i ai+i
(++-<i -=t=i- iln+i + -in l--- l-ni + ~-=i lni i- t
(i) i-i- ~ii +ii- <i -i n = +i : ii ~i zi +- -=t= i - =-ii n = in i-i- +i -in lnii i-i
t -<iti , [Ag(NH
3
)
2
]Cl i:(-ni-l=-(I) +nii:. K
3
[Fe(CN)
6
] i lzin t+=i=i-i:i +(III).
(ii) + -< i nii ~i- + -in = lnn -i + -in i nini + +n n lni i- t (t l+i = zi lni-
+ li- t) (lnn- + -in + ~-=i - +i --+ n- + ~-=i)
-<iti , [Pt(NH
3
)BrCl(CH
3
NH
2
)], ( -ni- i lni +ni li n lin(ni--nl-n(II).
[Co(H
2
O)
2
(ox)
2
]

, i:(+il= (~i += n i )+i i- (III).

"manishkumarphysics.in"
7
CHEMISTRY
(iii) +ii lzi- lnn -i + -in + ~-- n ~i (o) ~i-i t -<i=i- lnn -i + -in -ti <n- t + z ~i< t .
= H
2
O+ ln( (+i NH
3
+ ln( ( -ni-. CO+ ln( +ii l-n. CS + ln( iii +ii l-n -ii NO+ ln(
-i: i l=n i-ilzi- lnn -i + -in + ~-- n :n (ium) ~i-i t
-<i=i- -ii i-il-+ lnn- + +z nti -<iti l--- t
i +i-+i= P
4
i:~i+=i- O
2
~i +i=-+ S
8
li CO(NH
2
)
2
ti: il-n N
2
H
5
+
(iv) -=t= i- nn n (+ ti +i + lnn- +i = i +i <zii - + ln( --+ -in = i:. i: ~il<
zi< (<) +- l+( i- t lnn - + -in n ~i l++ n- ti ~ii -in n ln-i (complicated)
ti ~ii n- + -i n = i n ti -i ti - n- + n l,-i = -i + ~- =i n- v +- l+i i-i
t . -ii ( = lnn - +i +i a+ n lni- t
2 i: l=
3 i: l =
4 i il+=
5 -i -il+=
6 t +=i t +=il+=
7 t-i t-il+=
-<itiii . [CoCl
2
(NH
2
CH
2
CH
2
NH
2
)
2
]
+
, i: +ni li l=((i --1,2-i: ( ni-)+i i-(III).
[NiCl
2
(PPh
3
)
2
], i:+ni lil=(i:+l-n+i-+i-)l-+ n(II).
(v) i-i lzi-. +ii lzi- -ii -<i=i- -=t= i - =-ii n ii- +i ~i+=i+i ~-ii +i i n- ~ +i n +i a+
n <zii- t
(vi) l< = + n ~i- (+ i-i- ti -i ii- +i -in ti lni- t i - +i -in ti -i t -<itiii . i-i lzi-
= + n ~i- n Co +i +i i- -ii Pt +i -n l-n +t- t l< = + n ~i- (+ +ii- ti -i ii- + -in
+ ~-- n ~- n-( (ate) nnii i-i t -<itiii . = + n +ii- [Co(SCN)
4
]
2
n Co +i +i i- +t-
t + z ii- ~i + ln( --+ = + n +ii-i + -in n ii- + n l- -in +- ti - t . -<itiii . Fe + ln(
+
~i- (Fe) + n (Pb) -nn
l=- (Ag) ~ - l- (Sn) - -
ni -(Au) ~i
a<iri [Co(NH
3
)
4
Cl
2
]
+
, -i(ni-+nii:i +i i-(III).
(NH
4
)
2
[Co(SCN)
4
], ~nil-n iiii=i-i-S-+ii-(II).
(vii) -<i=i- = +n +i -in ii =+ n i-i- +i iil- ti lnii i-i t
a<iri [CrCl
3
(py)
3
], i:+ni lil=(lll-)+ilnn (III).
(viii) n- =n-i -ii l-i. = ni -ii ll- iln-i l-il- n -i- t
a<iri [Pt(NH
3
)
2
Cl
2
], =n-i -ii l-i i:( -ni-i:+ni li -n l-n (II) ti-i t
[CoCl
2
(NH
3
)
4
]
+
, =n-i -ii l-i i( -ni-i:+nili+ii- (III) ti -i t
=n-i l-i
"manishkumarphysics.in"
8
CHEMISTRY
r+-<t4 asuru4ia 4ifn+i +i ai+i
fifa-I
= - = +n (bridge complex) + -in n n- +- l+i i-i t
l< = - + <i -i ~i l-il- =nln- ti -i tn = + n +i -in (+ ~i +i l-il- + ~- =i l--- +i = lni
=+- t
5
5
5 3
3 1 3
5 3
Cl ) NH ( Cr OH Cr ) NH (
+
+ +
(
(

ti: i +=ii l=(-i( -ni-+i lnn(III)) +ni i:
ii tn = - lnn - + (+ ~i + iin +i ii lni =+- t -ii -=+ i< = - lnn - +i -ii l+ = -
+ < =i ~i + iin +i lni =+- t = l+.
5
5
5 3
3 1 3
5 3
Cl ) NH ( Cr OH Cr ) NH (
+
+ +
(
(

-i(-ni-+ilnn(III)ti: i+=ii-i(-ni-+i lnn(III) +ni i:
(ii) fifa-II
n l+- l< i ln+ = - + <i -i ~i ~=nln- ti -i tn l,-i l-n +i in- +-i -ilt( ~ii - (+ ~i +i
-in lni- t -ii l+ =- lnn- +i -in -ii l+ <=i ~i +i -in lni- t . = l+.
i(+i+i i-(III)(ni:iti: i+=iii(-ni-+i lnn(III) =-+
Example-4 l--- = +ni n + -< i ii- ~i-i +i =n- =i +i t `
(i) [Cu(NH
3
)
4
]
2+
(ii) [Fe(C
2
O
4
)
3
]
3
(iii) [Pt Cl
2
(en)
2
]
(iv) [Mo(CN)
6
]
4
(v) [Fe(EDTA)]

(vi) [PdI
2
(ONO)
2
(H
2
O)
2
]
Solution (i) NH
3
(+<-- lnn- ti -i t
Cu
2+
+ =ii t( l-< = 4 1 = 4
Cu
2+
+i =n- =i = 4
(ii) C
2
O
4
2
l,<-- lnn- ti-i t
Fe
3+
+ =ii t( l-< = 3 2 = 6
Fe
3+
+i =n- =i = 6
(iii) en l,<-- lnn- ti-i t -ii Cl

(+<-- lnn- ti-i t

Pt
2+
+ =ii t( l-< = 2 2 + 2 1 = 6
Pt
2+
+i =n- =i = 6
(iv) CN

(+ <-- lnn - ti -i t
Mo
2+
+ =ii t( l-< = 6 1 = 6
Mo
2+
+i =n- =i = 6
(v) EDTA(+ i<-- lnn- ti -i t
Fe
3+
+ =ii t( l-< = 6 1 = 6
Fe
3+
+i =n- =i = 6
(vi) -i:ii .~iili -ii (+i (+<-- + lnn - t
Pd
4+
+ =ii t( l-< = 2 1 + 2 1 + 2 1 = 6
Pd
4+
+i =n- =i = 6
"manishkumarphysics.in"
9
CHEMISTRY
Example-5 l--- n + -<i ii- nii + ln( ~i+=i- =i l+ln- +il(
(i) [CoCl(NH
3
)
5
]
2+
(ii) K
4
[Fe(CN)
6
]
(ii) Ni(CO)
4
(iv) [Fe(EDTA)]

Solution (i) x + 5 (0) 1 = + 2

i x = + 2 + 1 = 3 Co +i ~i+=i+i ~-ii = + 3
(ii) 4 (+1) + x + 6 ( 1) = 0
i x = + 6 4 = + 2 Fe +i ~i+=i+i ~-ii = + 2
(iii) x + 4 (0) = 0
i x = 0 Ni +i ~i+=i+i ~-ii =0
(iv) x + 1 ( 4) 1 = 0
i x = + 4 1 = + 3 Fe +i ~i+=i+i ~-ii = + 3
Example-6 l--- IUPAC-in + =n- + +i =--in+ =zi lnli(
(a) i( -ni-i:+nili+ii-(III) +ni i:
(b) i:=i-i:i~ - (I)~i-
(c) l=((lini-i:(ni-)+i(II) =-+
(d) =i ln i:(+i iti: i+=ii (n ln-(III)
Solution (a) [Co
III
(NH
3
)
4
Cl
2
]Cl (b) [Ag
I
(CN)
2
]
(c) [Cu
II
(en)
3
]SO
4
(d) Na[Al
lII
(H
2
O)
2
(OH)
4
]
Example-7 l--- + IUPAC+ -in lnli(
(a) Na
2
[Fe(CN)
5
+
O N ] (b) [CoCl(NCS)(NH
3
)
4
]
+
(c) K
4
[FeO
4
] (d) K
2
[Co(N
3
)
4
]
Solution (a) =iln -i=i-i:i-i:i=il-n+(II) (t =iln -i:i=i: t i l+ vl---+i ti-i t)
(b) i(-ni-+niliiii=i-i-N-+ii-(III) ~i-
(c) ilzin i~i+=i:i+ (IV)
(d) ilzin i(i:i+ii- (II) [N
3
(i: ti-i t]
a fu&i-a
-=t= i - i ln+i . Co(III) (-ni- -ii < = i ln+ = Pt(IV) (-ni- iln+ i l+ ail-+i + ,ii -i n i.
+ l-i+ n ii +i ii + ln( +: l=zi-- l<( n --n +i : = -i i-+ l=zi-- -ti ii + n 1893, n - - -
-=t= i - l=zi-- l<i i l+ =ii = + n i ln+i + =ii l-i- n ii +i ii + =+-i t := l=zi-- + ~- =i.
~li+- - <i -t +i =i+-i <lzi- +- t
(a) iiln+ =i+-i -ii (b) lz-i+ =i+-i
(a) siif+ u4i+ai t ii- ~i- +i ~i +=i+i ~-ii = = li- t := ii- +i n i ~il-+ i ~i--
= i +-i ii +t- t t +iin+ ~i- = = - ti -i t iiln+ = i +-i~i +i l-< ii = <lzi - l+i i-i
t
(b) fzat4+ ii uri4+ u4i+ai t + -< i ii- nii i ~i- +i = n- =n- = i (C.N.) +i <lzi -
+-i t := ii- +i ~-~i-i- ~ii ~-~il-+ = i +-i (-<i. =t= i -. -=t= i + +i + -i) ii +t-
t t = i+-i i -i +iin+ ~i- i -<i=i- ~i~i i l+ (+i+i :n+i- i- t (-<i. H
2
O, NH
3
~il<)
~ii +ii+ii i-i lzi- =n t = = - ti -i t lnn - i =n- = i +i =-- +- t =ii ti ii- nii i
~i- = t- t -ii :-t ni i ii~i ,ii <lzi - l+i i-i t
+ - +i ~-i <i-i +i +i iiln+ -ii l,-i+ =i+-i +i =- +- +i l- ti-i t := +n n
~iz+-i ~- =i +ii lzi- ~i- , - ti <zii -i t . ~ii- t iiln+ -ii l,-i+ <i -i = i +-i~i +i = -
+ =+- t . -l+ + ll-il- n + -< i ii- ~i- +i =n- = i +i =- +-i ~iz+ t
ru <ir {za) -4ri +i iat aii iaa iii <iai u ai4i iai r+ a<i. + fny, [CoCl(H
2
O)
5
]Cl
3
+i faa
s+i u s<fzia f+4i iai r+
"manishkumarphysics.in"
10
CHEMISTRY
+ ii- +i l,-i =i+-i l-lz-- = i n ti-i t -<iti + ln( +ii-(III) -ii -n l-n(IV) +i z l,-i+
= i +-i ti -i t -ii +i(II) +i l,-i+ = i +-i -i ti -i t (+ l-lz-- ~i +=i+i ~-ii n ii- +i =n-
= i =ini-- l-lz-- t-i t n l+- + z ii- ( . l+=i l-lz-- ~i +=i+i ~-ii n (+ = ~li+ =n- = i i--
+-i t
l,-i+ = i +-i ,ii -i t ( ~i-=n t lli-- =n- = i + = n- lzi i ~lini-ili+ lziln (spatial) l-i=
i- t ~ii l-+ iiii n := +i +i lziln (spatial) l-i= =n- t +n+ +tni-i t -ii :=+i lli-- =-ii-i(
l--- t
=n- =i = 2 ii =n- =i = 3 lzi+i ii
=n- =i = 4 -- +n+i ~ii n =n-ni =n- =i = 6 ~+n+i
<i -t +i = i +-i~i + i- li < +- + ln( - - [ ] +i a+ l<i l=n -- nii ~i +i lz +- t i
-=t=ii =+n -i- t -ii l-t tn ~i-i+- -ti + =+- t
-i+- l+--i + ~iii - - CoCl
3
. 6NH
3
, CoCl
3
. 5NH
3
-ii CoCl
3
.4NH
3
+i +nzi [Co(NH
3
)
6
]Cl
3
,
[Co(NH
3
)
5
Cl]Cl
2
-ii [Co(NH
3
)
4
Cl
2
]Cl + n . = -=t= i i i ln+ l< +i a+ + ~-< ini iin =n- =-ii
(= + n) -ii +i a+ + it ini iin l- ~i- (n +- ~i-) +tni-i t -=- ~in l+--i <i. l+ = +ni ii- ~i
+ -=t=ii iln+ n ~+n+i. n =n-ni -ii --+n+i ~i+l- == =ini- ti-i t := +i,
[Co(NH
3
)
6
]
3+
, [CoCl(NH
3
)
5
]
2+
, [CoCl
2
(NH
3
)
4
]
+
~+n+i t . l+[Ni(CO)
4
] -ii [PtCl
4
]
2
+nzi -- +n+i -ii
ni+i=n-ni ti- t
uiit4
-l a- ouZj l adqy vk/kqfud uksVs' ku~ vk; uhdj . k f}rh; l a; kst drk i zkFkfed l a; kst drk
1 CoCl
3.
6NH
3
[Co(NH
3
)
6
]Cl
3 [Co(NH
3
)
6
]
3+
+3Cl

N%
(NH
3
)
r hu
(Cl

)
2 CoCl
3.
5NH
3
[Co(NH
3
)
5
Cl]Cl
2 [Co(NH
3
)
5
Cl]
2+
+2Cl

i kp
(NH
3
)
r Fkk, d
(Cl

)
r hu
(Cl

)+
} sr i zo`fkokyk, d
(Cl

)
3 CoCl
3.
4NH
3
[Co(NH
3
)
4
Cl
2
]Cl
[Co(NH
3
)
4
Cl
2
]
+
+ Cl

pkj
(NH
3
)
r Fkknks
(Cl

)
r hu
(Cl

) +
} sr i zo`fkokysnks
(Cl

)
4 CoCl
3.
3NH
3
[Co(NH
3
)
3
Cl
3
] [Co(NH
3
)
3
Cl
3
]
r hu
(NH
3
)
r Fkkr hu
(Cl

)
r hu
(Cl

)
l Hkh} sr i zo`fkokys
(i) -i +- =iii = t - t +i 1, 2, 3 = + ni + ln-i +i -in+-i l - ~i + ~i-i + ~- i- +nzi
1 : 3, 1 : 2, 1 : 1 + ~-=i ti-i t ~- :-+i -in+-i + c- +n +i <lzi- l+i i =+-i t ,
CoCl
3
3NH
3
< CoCl
3
. 4NH
3
< CoCl
3
.5NH
3
< CoCl
3
.6NH
3
(ii) =+n 1, 2 3 l=- -i: + =ii ~li+ - ti + +nzi 3, 2 1 ni n l=- +ni i: +i =+< ~-i < - t
"manishkumarphysics.in"
11
CHEMISTRY
Example-8 +inn-I n =-i z =+ni + ni +i +inn-II n =-i z --+ li<i+i lli = =nln- +il(
+in I +inII
(A) [Cr(H
2
O)
6
]Cl
3
-ii Cr(H
2
O)
5
Cl] Cl
2
.H
2
O (p) :-+i . :-= -- in ~-i +i nizii. + l- ~ii
n ~ii n = li l<- l+i i =+-i t
(B) [Co(NH
3
)
5
Br]SO
4
-ii [Co(NH
3
)
5
SO
4
]Br (q) :-+i l - -in+-i ni- lli ,ii li l<- l+i
l+i i =+-i t (i -- li <)
(C) [Co(NH
3
)
5
Cl]Cl
2
-ii [Co(NH
3
)
6
]Cl
3
(r) :-+i ltni + ~-n- ni- lli (cryoscopic-
measurement method) ,ii lil<- l+i
i =+-i t
(D) [Cu(H
2
O)
4
]SO
4
.H
2
O-ii [Cu(H
2
O)
6
](NO
3
)
2
(s) :-+i =i-< H
2
SO
4
+ =ii nn ++ li l<- l+i
i =+-i t
Ans. (A) p,q,r,s ; (B) p,q ; (C) p,q,r ; (D) p,r,s
Solution (A) [Cr(H
2
O)
6
]Cl
3
(aq) [Cr(H
2
O)
6
]
3+
(aq) + 3Cl

(aq)
[Cr(H
2
O)
5
Cl] Cl
2
.H
2
O(aq) [Cr(H
2
O)
5
Cl]
2+
(aq) + 2Cl

(aq)
(B) [Co(NH
3
)
5
Br]SO
4
(aq) [Co(NH
3
)
5
Br]
2+
(aq) + SO
4
2
(aq)
[Co(NH
3
)
5
SO
4
]Br (aq) [Co(NH
3
)
5
SO
4
]
+
(aq) + Br

(aq)
(C) [Co(NH
3
)
5
Cl]Cl
2
(aq) [Co(NH
3
)
5
Cl]
2+
(aq) +2Cl

(aq)
[Co(NH
3
)
6
]Cl
3
(aq) [Co(NH
3
)
6
]
3+
(aq) + 3Cl

(aq)
(D) [Cu(H
2
O)
4
]SO
4
.H
2
O(aq) [Cu(H
2
O)
4
]
2+
(aq) + SO
4
2
(aq)
[Cu(H
2
O)
6
](NO
3
)
2
(aq) [Cu(H
2
O)
6
]
2+
(aq) + 2NO
3

(aq)
aia : (1) Ag
+
+ Cl

AgCl + (=+<) ; Ag
+
+ Br

AgBr + (t-+i ini)

Ba
2+
+ SO
4
2
BaSO
4
+ (=+<)
(2) -in+-i l--- l-i +-i t
(a) i-i- -ii +ii- + ~i zi (b) ni ln-i n ~i-i +i = i
(3) ltni + ~-n- ni- lli. ni ln- n ~i-i +i = i l-i +-i t
(4) H
2
SO
4
l- ni+i+ ~li+n + + =ni- ti +-i t -ii := +i t ~il-+ nn n = n
~i ~i +i i+ + < -i t
Example-9 ln-i n l--- n = l+=+i nin -in+-i =ili+ t `
(a) [Pt(NH
3
)
6
]Cl
4
(b) [PtCl(NH
3
)
5
]Cl
3
(c) [PtCl
2
(NH
3
)
4
]Cl
2
(d) =ii +i nin -in+-i =ni- t
Solution (A) [Pt(NH
3
)
6
]Cl
4
[Pt(NH
3
)
6
]
4+
(aq) + 4Cl

(aq) (5 ~i-)
(B) [PtCl(NH
3
)
5
]Cl
3
[PtCl(NH
3
)
5
]
3+
(aq) + 3Cl

(aq) (4 ~i-)
(C) [PtCl
2
(NH
3
)
4
]Cl
2
[PtCl
2
(NH
3
)
4
]
2+
(aq) + 2Cl

(aq) (3 ~i-)
~- [Pt(NH
3
)
6
]Cl
4
+i ln- ~i-i +i ~li+-n = i < -i t = = ~i-i +i = i c-i t = =
ln- n ni n -in+-i ii c-i t ~- (A) l+- =ti t
viit sii +i+ fa4 {fuf+ zii f<4i n4i)
t = + n l=n + -< i nii iii nii +ni + (EAN) ~nni l-+-i -+ n = + nii +ni + + i
ti t ~l-l+- -iil ln( ti -i t
siit sii +i+ (EAN) =riia sii/i4a asfia rnaia +t u4i +fnn- zii <ia f+4 n4 rnaia
+t u4i
ii
EAN= +-<t4 riia +i sii +i+ +-<t4 riia +t iut+i u4i +fnn- zii f<4 n4 rnaia +t u4i
aia : ~li+- = + ni n viii nii +ni + (EAN) l-n ni- -ti ti -i t n l+- ii- +ii l-ni n (+ ~ii <i ~i<i
+i zi + t l-n ni- ti -i t
"manishkumarphysics.in"
12
CHEMISTRY
Example-10 l--- n ii- nii + ln( viii nii +ni + (E.A.N.) +i l+ln- +il
(a) K
3
[Cr(C
2
O
4
)
3
] (b) K
4
[Fe(CN)
6
]
Solution (a) Cr
3+
E.A.N. = 21 + 6 2 = 33 (+n -iii)
(Z = 24)
(b) Fe
2+
E.A.N. = 24 + 12 = 36 (~li+ -iii)
(Z = 26)
asuru4ia 4ifn+i iria
-=t= i - i ln+i n ~i i- +i + l- +i i - = in - (Alfred-Werner) - l+i ii -- t l=zi-- l---
~iiii- z-i +i --i -ti < =+i
(a) +i +z ti -i n -=t=i - i ln+ -i- +i llzi ni ii i-i t `
(b) -=t= i- i ln+i + ~iii n l<ziin+ n i +i i( i- t `
(c) +i -=t= i - iln+i n llzi - -+i -ii i i i i+ n i i( i- t `
-=t= i - i ln+i n ~i i- +i + l- +i =nn- + ln( ~- + l=zi-- l<( n( = = i +-i ~i i l=zi-- (VBT),
l+-n -i zi l=zi-- (CFT), lnn - -i zi l=zi-- (LFT) . ~il+ +-i+ l=zi-- (MOT)
u4it -ri fu&i-a
1931 n ln-i= iln n ,ii -=t= i i i ln+i +i =nni- + ln( = i i -i l=zi--, VBT n l--i l+i (+ n : =
-ii (lnn -) -i (+ n : = ~-n (ii- ~ii ii- ~i-) + i- ~lil+i + (+ = + n +i l-ni i l+i ni -ii :-+
i- -=t= i i -i + l-ni i ,ii -=t= i i i ln+i + -- +i =nnii ni := l- n ii- + (n-1) d, ns,
np i ns, np, nd +-i+i + =+i +i +- + l-lz-- ilnl- + --i+ +-i+i +i =nt i-- +- t. l==
~+n+i. n =n-ni -ii -- +n+i +i = --i( -ii = + ni +i - -+i n i l-i- l+ i =+- t ~ ln-
:n + i- +i = i +i ni- i ln+ + - -+i ~ii i = ti -i t i t <zii -i t l+ +i -= d-+-i+ = +i n +-
l+ n :- = +l- +-i+i +i lnn - +-i+i + =ii ~l-i- +- l<i i-i t -il+ -i- + ln( <i-i :n + i-
n < =+
uiit5
ffi-a u-4 u4i + uii u+i + s+i faafnfia uiit s<ia f+4 n4 r+
/kkr qdhl eUo; l a[ ; k l adj . kdsi zdkj l adqy dhvkd`fr
4 sp
3
pr q"Qy dh;
4 dsp
2
oxZl er y h;
5 sp
3
d
f=kHkqt h; f} fi j kfeMh;
6 sp
3
d
2
v"VQy dh;
6 d
2
sp
3
v"VQy dh;
t ii ni t l+. ii- + = +i + +i -ii =-l-i- = + n +i ~i+ l- +i ~i=i-i = -ii i =+-i t l< = + n
+ + z ~lin-ii = - -+i + l-. iln-i ~ii =ni-i ( <lzi - + ~ii -ti ) ~il< ai- ti
u-4 u4i 6 :
l-- -+i ~+n+i = + n [Co(NH
3
)
6
]
3+
n +i i- ~i- +3 ~i +=i+i ~-ii n t -ii :=+i :n + i l-+ l-i=
3d
6
t :=+i :n+il-+ l-i= -ii =+i i-i l--- +i = t
Co
3+
, [Ar]3d
6
[Co(NH
3
)
6
]
3+
d
2
sp
3
= +l- +-i+ z , NH
3
~i ~i = i-- z :n + i- n
"manishkumarphysics.in"
13
CHEMISTRY
:= +i = + n +i iln-i ~+n+i t -ii ~ ln- :n + i -i +i ~- l-il- + +ii t l-- -+i t := = + n +
l-ni i + ln( = +i n ~i -l+ d-+-i+ (3d) +- ti - t . = + n ~i -l+ +-i+ = + n -ii l--- -+i-+i = + n ~ii
-+i n = + n +tni-i t ~- - -+i ~+n+i = + n. [FeF
6
]
4
= +i (sp
3
d
2
) + ln( ir +-i+ (4d) +- ti -
t :=ln( t ir +-i+ i --- -+i i -+i n +- = + n (spinfree complex) +tni-i t
Fe
2+
, [Ar]3d
6
[FeF
6
]
4
sp
3
d
2
=+l- +-i+, z F

~i-i = i-- z :n+i- n

u-4 u4i 4 :
~---+i. =n--+n+i = +n. [NiCl
4
]
2
n l-+n +2 ~i+=i+i ~-ii n t. -ii ii- ~i- +i :n+il-+
l-i= 3d
8
t :=+i :n+il-+ l-i= -ii =+i i-i l--- +i = t
Ni
2+
, [Ar]3d
8
[NiCl
4
]
2
sp
3
=+l- +-i+, -i Cl

~i- = i-- -i :n+i- n

i ln+ ~---+i t. +i l+ t <i ~ ln- :n+ i- i-i t
:=i +i =+n [Ni(CO)
4
] +i --+n+i iln-i ti-i t -ii t +i: ~ln- :n+i- -ti i-i t ~- t
l-- -+i t :=+i :n +il-+ l-i= -ii = +i i -i l--- +i = t
Ni
0
,[Ar] 3d
8
4s
2
[Ni(CO)
4
]
sp
3
=+l- +-i+, -i CO ~i = i-- -i :n+i- n
Pd(II) -ii Pt (II) + = + n -i -=t= i +-i i- t -ii n =n-ni -ii l-- -+i ti - t := +i +i l-i=
Ni(II) = + n + ln( ii =ini-- ii i-i t -<itiii , [Ni(CN)
4
]
2
n (ti Ni +2~i +=i+i ~-ii n t -ii :n + i -
l-i= 3d
8
t ) l-- i<i n +- ~i- l-- =n -+ ~i ~-ii n ti n + l-il- n ~- - -+i ti n n l+- -
i- +i --i +i =nni- + ln( :n + i - n- + =ii=ii lnn - ii- + n - +i i. 90, +i ii =l-nln- +-i
ti ni t i- l+i = +i + ,ii ti -i t l=n (+ (n1) d, (+ ns -ii <i np +-i+ lnn+ + n -i - - dsp
2
= +l- +-i+ -i- t . i l+ n + +i -i +i ~i l-l< ti - t t +-i+ lnn - + =ii = i i -=t= i + o-i
-i- t l=n lnn - ,ii l-i- :n + i - n ii- ~i- +i l< i- t [PtCl
4
]
2
n Pt(II) +i :n + i l-+ l-i= -ii
=+i i-i l--- +i = t
Pt
2+
, [Xe]4f
14
5d
8
[PtCl
4
]
2
dsp
2
=+l- +-i+, -i Cl

= i-- -i :n+i- n
:=i v+i l--- iil-zi n [Ni(CN)
4
]
2
+ ln( =+i i -i +i <ziii ni t
Ni
2+
, [Ar]3d
8
[Ni(CN)
4
]
2
dsp
2
=+l- +-i+, -i CN

= i-- -i :n+i- n
"manishkumarphysics.in"
14
CHEMISTRY
aia t ii ni t l+ [Cu(NH
3
)
4
]
2+
n =n-ni t -ii 4p-+-i+ n (+ ~ ln- :n + i - i- + =ii ~- - -+i ti -i
t =+i i-i l--- v+i t
Cu
2+
, [Ar]3d
9
[Cu(NH
3
)
4
]
2+
dsp
2
=+l- +-i+, -i NH
3
~i = i-- -i :n+i- n
aia : [Ni(CN)
5
]
3
l-- -+i ti -i t l-n <i +i +i Ni C-i n-i: i ti -i t --n = -i +i -i n-i: i
=ni- ti -i t i - +i li-- ti -i t [Ni(CN)
5
]
3
+ ln( = +i l--- -t = <zii i i-i t
Ni
2+
, [Ar]3d
8
[Ni(CN)
5
]
3
dsp
3
=+l- +-i+ , i - CN

~i- = i-- i- (+i+i :n+i- n

n lilni
l VBl=zi-- -=t= i i i ln+i + l-ni i. = --i -ii - -+i ti +i l--i = -i-i t -- :=n +z
l--- +lni ii ii ni t
1. :=n ~-+ +i + i-ni- ln i- t
2. t --+i + i + ln( +i : niziin+ ii -ti +-i t
3. t -=t=ii i ln+i + -+ n ( n) nii + i n +z -ti -i-i t
4. t -=t= ii i ln+i + -ninl-+i ~ii nnl-+i -iil + niziin+ ii -ti +-i t
5. t 4--=t=ii =+ni in --+n+i -ii n =n-ni =--i~i + i n =ti ~-ni- -ti -i-i t
6. t n -ii < n lnn - + i- li <- -ti +-i t
asuru4it 4ifn+i + fny +t4 ni
=n- nn +i +l- +i =nn- + ln( ~l-l+- i-+ii --+i =nilt-i ni- ,ii <i- +i i-i t
-=t= i i i ln+ =ini-- ~i lzi+ = d-+-i+ = i ti - t -ii t ~lini-ili+ - -+i n i <zii - t i l+
ii- +i ~i+=i+i ~-ii. :n + i- l-i=. + -< i ii- +i =n- = i -ii lnn - -i zi +i + l- l-i +-i
t -=t= i i i ln+i + - -+i ~ii i +i ii ln+ = i--i =-i ti -i t l= l+ :- i ln+i +i = --i~i
+i =nni- + ln( +in n n - t
l+=i = + n n ~ ln- :n + i- +i = i +i ii- ~i- + ~lil-i=. :=+i =n- = i -ii =-l-i- lnn - +i
+ l- (- + i i=il-+ ii = n ~ii < n) = ~i=i-i = l+ln- l+i i =+-i t -ii :=+ z-i- = + n
+i - -+i ~ii i l--- = zi +i +- + ~i=i-i = l+ln- + =+- t
+t4 iii = ) 2 ( + n n i aaia ; n = 4fa rnaiai +t u4i
ii- ~i-i + ln( l-+ d-+-i+i n -i- -+ :n + i - ti - t . = Ti
3+
, (d
1
) ; V
3+
(d
2
) ; Cr
3+
(d
3
) ; ~+n+i = +i
t - <i d-+-i+ -ni t :- n +- ~i-i -ii :-+ -=t= i - nn +i - -+i ti =ni- ti -i t -i-
= ~li+ 3d :n+i- -l-i- ti = l+ (d
4
) Cr
2+
-ii Mn
3+
; (d
5
) Mn
2+
-ii Fe
3+
; (d
6
) Fe
2+
-ii Co
3+
] + ln(
~+n+i = +i t - ~iz+ <i l+- d +-i+ ~i=i-i ==ii -ni -ti ti - (t + l-ni- =i) t := +i
"manishkumarphysics.in"
15
CHEMISTRY
d
4
, d
5
-ii d
6
ll-il-i n =+i + ln( <i l+- d-+-i+ 3d :n + i-i + ln- ti- + liin- i-- ti- t
l== +nzi <i. (+ zi- ~ ln- :n + i- zi i t i- t
~- + l-il-i . lzi i-i = d
6
+- ~i-i + -=t= i - i ln+i n . - -+i ni- ----n -+i n- = n n ii-
t --. d
4
~i d
5
l-i= in ~i-i +- =+ni-il= n ln-i( i: i-i t
[Mn(CN)
6
]
3
+i --+i ~ii i <i ~ ln- :n +i-i + =ni- t l+ [MnCl
6
]
3
+i --+i ~iii -i ~ ln-
:n + i-i + =ni- t :=i +i [Fe(CN)
6
]
3
+i - -+i ~ii i (+ ~ ln- :n + i- + +ii t l+ [FeF
6
]
3
+i
~- - -+i ~iii i- ~ ln- :n +i- + +ii t [CoF
6
]
3
-i ~ln- :n + i- +- ~- - -+i = + n ~i-
t l+ [Co(C
2
O
4
)]
3
l-- -+i t ~= nl- = i +-i ~i i l=zi-- ,ii ~i -l+ +-i+ -ii in +-i+ = + ni +
-- + ~iii - +i i-i t [Mn(CN)
6
]
3
, [Fe(CN)
6
]
3
-ii [Co(C
2
O
4
)
2
]
3
~i--l+ +-i+ = + n t -ii +
n ii- +i =+i ~-ii d
2
sp
3
t :-n tn <i = +n ~- - -+i -ii -i=i l-- -+i t < =i ~i [MnCl
6
]
3
[FeF
6
]
3
-ii [CoF
6
]
3
in +-i+ = + n t l-n ii- +i = +i ~-ii sp
3
d
2
t ~i +nzi -i. i - -ii -i ~ ln-
:n+ i- + =ii :-+i +l- ~- --+i ti -i t
Example-11 l--- +i += ii +n `
(a) [Fe(CN
6
]
3
< n ~-- -+i ti -i t l+ [Fe(CN
6
]
4
l---+i ti -i t
(b) Ni(CO)
4
-- +n+i ilnl- i-i t . l+ [Ni(CN)
4
]
2
n =n-ni ti-i t
Solution (a) [Fe(CN)
6
]
3
, d
2
sp
3
= +i = =-l-i- t
Fe
3+
, [Ar] 3d
5
[Fe(CN)
6
]
3
(+ d-+-i+ (+n = ii ti -i t :=ln(. :=+i + l- < n ~- - -+i t
[Fe(CN)
6
]
4
n ii d
2
sp
3
=+i ti-i t n l+- :=+i +-< i ~i- Fe
2+
n t
Fe
2+
, [Ar] 3d
6
[Fe(CN)
6
]
4
=ii :n +i- ln- t ~- :=+i + l- l-- -+i ti-i t
(b) Ni(CO)
4
+ l-nii n l-+n nii sp
3
= +i i-i t ~- :-+i ~i+ l- --+n+i ti-i t
Ni(0), [Ar] 3d
8
Ni(CO)
4
[Ni(CN)
4
]
2
+ l-ni i n . Ni
2+
~i- +i dsp
2
=+i ti-i t ~- t ~i+ l- n n =n-ni ti -i t
Ni
2+
, [Ar] 3d
8
[Ni(CN)
4
]
2
Example-12 =iln -i:i=i: (+ l---+i <ii ti-i t -ii =-+i: ~i-i + i-ii + ln( ni iiln+
~li+n + ti -i t := = + n n l-lt- ii- l+= = +i ~-ii n ii i-i t `
(A) sp
3
(B) dsp
2
(C) d
2
sp
3
(D) sp
3
d
2
"manishkumarphysics.in"
16
CHEMISTRY
Ans. (C)
Solution Fe
2+
, [Ar] 3d
6
[Fe(CN)
5
NO]
2
CN

n -i zi lnn - ti -i t
Example-13 d-+-i+ + n ~--i (n1) d-+-i+ = +i n iin n -i t . - l-ln - = + n +i +ti i-i t
(A) --- -+i =+n (B) l--- -+i =+n (C) zi- -+i =+n (D) i-in+ -+i =+n
Ans. (B)
Solution = + n + l-ni i n ~--i d-+-i+. (n 1)d +-i+ ti -i = + n +i ~--i +-i+ ~ii l--- -+i ~ii
-+i n- =+n +ti i-i t
= + n + l-ni i n = +i + ln ir d-+-i+. nd +in n ln i- ti -i = + n +i ir +-i+ ~ii
--- -+i ~ii -+i n+- = + n +ti i-i t
f+an +ii fu&i-a
-=t= i + i ln+i + l=zi-- (VBT) +i +lni +i (+ =ini -+ l+-n -i zi l=zi-- (CFT) ,ii < l+i i =+-i t
l+-n -i zi l=zi-- (CFT) (+ l-i - ni n t l=+ ~- =i ii- lnn - ~i i ~il-+ ti - t i + n ii- ~i-
-ii lnn - + n l-i - ~-i - l+i~i ,ii --- ti - t +ii lzi- lnn - +i (+ l-< ~i zi + n ( -<i=i-
lnn - +i l,i i + n ni-i i-i t l+=i lnln- n =i ii- nii ~i- + i -i d-+-i+i +i -i +i ni- i
ti -i t ~ii - =ni zi (=i zi) (dengenerate) ~-ii n ti - t t =ni zi ~-ii - -+ -i t-i t -+ l+ ii-
nii ~i- + -ii ~i +ii zii +i (+ ni ni- =nln- -i zi t-i t -- l+=i = + n n +ii lzi- -i zi lnn - +
+ii (i -i +ii- i l+=i l,i i ~i + +iin+ iin = NH
3
i H
2
O) ti -i t -i t ~=nln- ti i- t ~i
d-+-i+i +i ~i zi-i (degeneracy) =ni-- ti i-i t :=+ liin- d-+-i+i +i li- ti i-i t
t li- (spitting) l+-n -i zi +i + l- l-i +-i t
(a) a+n+t4 asuru4ia uri f+an +ii fsiaa
(+ ~+n+i -=t= i - nn. l=n ii- nii ~i- z lnn - ,ii lii t-i t . :=n ii- + d-+-i+i +
:n + i -i -ii lnn - + :n + i -i (i +ii zi) + n l-+i i ti -i t ii- +i d-+-i+ lnn - = < - ti + =i
ii l-l< ti -i t -i l-+i i ~li+ ti -i t := +i
2 2
y x
d
-ii 2
z
d
+-i+. i lnn - +i l<zii in ~-ii t . ~l
i+ l-+i i ~- i +- t -ii --+i -i n lz ti i-i t ( d
xy
, d
yz
~i d
xz
+-i+. i ~-ii + n l-l< ti -
t . +i -i ni ni l+-n -i zi +i ~i =- -i +i - n-i n i i-i t := +i ~+n+i = + n n lnn :n + i -
-ii ii- :n + i -i + n l-+i i + +ii d-+-i+i +i ~i zi-i (degeneracy) - ti i-i t -ii -i- l--- -i in .
t
2g
+-i+i -ii <i --- -i in . e
g
+-i+i + <i =n -- -- t := +i =ni- -i in +-i+i +i. lnn - +i l-lz--
iln-i n -l-il- = <i =n --i n li- f+an +ii fsiaa (crystal fiedl splitting) +tni-i t -ii =n --i +i
-i + ~-- +i A
0
(ti o ~ii lnli- ~+n+ (octahedral) + ln( t ) = <zii - t := +i <i e
g
+-i+i +i -i
n (3/5)A
0
+ i lz ti -i t -ii -i- t
2g
+-i+i +i -i n (2/5) A
0
+ i +ni ~i-i t
fi a+n+t4 asuru4ia uri f+an +ii fsiaa
l+-n -i zi li-. A
0
lnn - -ii ii- ~i- lni- ~i zi = --- -i zi l-i +-i t + z lnn - n -i zi
--- + =+- t -ii := ll-il- n li- ~li+ ti -i t l+ ~-. < n -i zi --- +- t l=+ +n-
d-+-i+i +i li- +n ti -i t =ini-- lnn- +i --+ c-i t: -i zi n-i + +n n (+ ii n l---i-=i
l-i- l+i i =+-i t
"manishkumarphysics.in"
17
CHEMISTRY
I

< Br

< SCN

< Cl

< S
2
< F

< OH

< C
2
O
4
2
< H
2
O < NCS

< edta
4
< NH
3
< en < CN

< CO
:= +i +i ii sat iui4fa+ it (spectrochemical series) +tni-i t t lli-- lnn - + =ii - = + ni
,ii +izi + ~zii ii ~iiil- ii ln+ -i ,ii l-ii l- ii t d
4
~i-i + ln(. :n + i l-+ l-i= + i n
-- i :n + i - e
g
+-i+ n -ii- n ti +-i t (t + l-ni- =i) ~ii tn = -l-i- t
2g
+-i+i + :n + i - + =ii
ln- ti i-i t :-n = +i -=i =-ii-i --i t t l+-n -i zi li-. A
0
-ii n- -i P(P(+ +-i+ n :n + i -
n- + ln( ~iz+ -i t ) + - n-in+ lnii l-i +-i t :=+ ln( <i = ii-i( l--- t
(i) l< A
0
< P, ti -i -- i :n + i- l+=i (+ e
g
+-i+ n i ni -ii ~lil-i= t
3
2g
e
g
1
i-- ti ni lnn - l-+ ln(
A
0
< P ti -i t . <n +ii fnn- +tni- t ~i --- -+i -+i (high spin) =+n -i- t
(ii) l< A
0
> Pti -i . t -i +i < l = ~li+ ~- + n ti -i t . ~- -i ii :n + i - l+=i (+ t
2g
+-i+ n i(ni l==
:n + il-+ l-i= t
2g
4
e
g
0
i-- ti ni lnn - i := +i +i ii --- +- t sn +ii fnn- (strong field
ligands) +tni- t -ii l--- -+i -+i (lowspin) =+n -i- t
f+an +ii ii4t+i ai (C.F.S.E.) +t niai
Formula : C.F.S.E. = [ 0.4 (n) t
2g
+ 0.6 (n') e
g
] A
0
+ n*P.
ti n -ii n' +nzi t
2g
e
g
+-i+i n :n + i -i +i = i t -ii A
0
~+n+i = + n + ln( l+-n -i zi li- -i
t n* =ini- ~i l-i= +i - n-i n lnn - + +ii - ~l-l+- :n + i- + ni +i = i +i -i-i t
, (b) a+n+t4 asuru4ia uri f+an +ii fsiaa
-- +n+i =t= i - n n + l-ni i n . d +-i+i +i li- ~+n+i + ll- -ii +n ti -i t =ni- ii- . =ni-
lnn - -ii =ni- ii- lnn - < i + ln(. t ii ni t l+ A
t
= (4/9)A
0
, t l--- <i +iii = -ii i =+-i t
(i) ti z + -ii- + n -i lnn - t -ii lnn - -i zi ~- ~i+i +i + n <i l-ti: ti i-i t := v+i lnn -
-i zi li- ii <i l-ti: t i-i t
(ii) +-i+i +i l<zii. lnn - +i l<zii + ~- l<zi i =-i-i -ti ti -i t . t ii l+-n -i zi li- +i - nnin <i
l-ti: +n + <-i t ~- A
t
= [(2/3) (2/3)] A
0
= (4/9) A
0
~- +-i+i +i li- -i :--i ~li+ -ti ti -i i :n+ i-i +i n- + ln( i + :=iln(. l--- -+i
-+i (lowspin) l-i= t- +n i i- t
fi a+n+t4 asuru4ia uri f+an +ii fsiaa
-l+ A
t
< A
o
, l+-n -izi li- ~+n+i =+ n + l--iii + ~-+n ti-i t
ni+i uant4 asuru4ia uri f+an +ii fsiaa
lnn- l+ ni+i =n-ni -ii +i (+ ~+nl+ -izi = i-- l+i ni t. l=n z-~-i + ~-l<zi <i
l-ilnn - +i i+ l+i ni t := v+n n e
g
-ii t
2g
=n --i + +-i+i +i -i n lz ti -i t ~ii - t +-i+
~li+ =n -+ ~i (= i lzi-) -ti t- t
l-zi n + -< i ii- nii + -ii ~i 4 lnn - n =n-ni -ii n <zii n t = = lnn - ~-i + i=
~i- t . d
x
2
y
2 +-i+ =i li+ ~-i - ~- i +- t ~- :- +-i+i +i -i =i li+ ti ni d
xy
+-i+ =ni- -n n .
-- lnn - + n ti - t , ~- :-+i ~li+ -i ti ni -ii d
x
2
y
2 +-i+i l+ - n-i n vii +n ti ni < =i ~i .
z-~-i + ~- l<zi. lnn - l+ ~- l-il- + +ii d
z
2 +-i+. ~li+ -iii ti i- t -ii d
xy
+-i+ l+ - n-i n . +n
-i i- t :=i v+i. d
yz
-ii d
xz
~li+ -iii ti i- t =n-- +n+i -i zi -ii ~+n+i -i zi + =ii. n
=n-ni -=t=i- =nti n l+-n -izi li- -i -- ~ii l--- l-zi ,ii <ziii i =+-i t
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fi ni+i uant4 asuru4ia uri f+an +ii fsiaa
A
sp
+i ni- A
o
+i - n-i n ~li+ ii i-i t +i l+ ni +i =n-ni = + n n d
xz
-ii d
yz
+-i+ + n <i lnn - +
=ii ~-i - l+i +- t (~ii =ii =-+ n ~i- t ) l+ ~+n+i = + n n t + n -i lnn - + =ii ti -i
t ~- A
sp
, 1.3A
o
+ i ii i-i t := v+i.
A
sp
= (A
1
+ A
2
+ A
3
) > A
o
-ii A
sp
= 1.3 A
o
.
Example-14 = + n[Ti(H
2
O)]
3+
+ ln( l+-n -i zi -iil -i (CFSE) (kJ/mol n ) ai- +il( CFT + ~- =i = +ni
e
g
t
2g
+ ln( vin ~zii ii ziii (first absorption maximum) 20,300 cm
1
vi-- ti -i t
(A) 243 kJ/mole (B) 97 kJ/mole (C) 194 kJ/mole (D) 143 kJ/mole
Ans. (B)
Solution Ti
3+
, 3d
1
l-i=. A
0
= 6.63 10
34
3 10
8
20300 10
2
ion
J
= 6.63 10
34
3 10
8
20300 10
2
10
3
6.02 10
23
mol
kJ
= 243
mol
kJ
~. CFSE = 0.4 A
0
= 0.4 243 = 97.2
mol
kJ
Example-15 l--- = + n. l=+ ln l+-n -i zi li- ~i=i-i = ~zii ii - + n +i i-+ l+ln- l+i i =+-i
t . ti ni
(A) [TiCl
6
]
2
(B) [Fe(H
2
O)
6
]
2+
(C) [Ti(CN)
6
]
3
(D)[CoF
6
]
3
Ans. (C)
Solution - l+ t d
1
l-i= i-i t
Example-16 l--- + - -+i ~ii i +i ~ii ti +n ti ni (Co +i nii +ni += 27)
(1) Co
3+
((+ vn -i zi lnn + =ii ~+n+i = + n)
(2) Co
3+
((+ < n -i zi lnn + =ii ~+n+i = + n)
(3) Co
2+
(--+n+i =+n)
(4) Co
2+
(n =n-ni =+ n)
(A) 1 > 2 > 3 > 4 (B) 2 > 3 > 4 > 1 (C) 3 > 2 > 4 > 1 (D) 2 > 4 > 3 > 1
Ans. (B)
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Solution (1) 3d
6
(vn -i zi lnn - ) - vl-- -+i
(2) 3d
6
(<n -izi lnn-) - 4 ~ ln- :n+ i-
(3) 3d
7
(--+n+i) - 3 ~ln- :n+i-
(4) 3d
7
(n =n-ni) - 1 ~ln- :n+i-
asuru4it 4ifn+i n
= +ni ii- + -=t= i i i ln+ +: -n+in n i- t l+-n -i zi l=zi - + ~- =i lnn - + vii n :n + i-
+ dd = +ni + +ii n vi-- ti -i t tn i-- t l+ <ii +i n - - -+i - + n + < z iin n (+ llzi
- n < (400 = 700 nm) -+ + +izi + ~zii ii -ii zi i - n < +i i= + i--i ~ii i- - + +ii
ti -i t (+ -- i =ii < z -i zi +i ~zii ii + n -i t - +ini l<iii < -i t -=t= i i i ln+i n +izi
+ ~zii ii +i l+illi t t l+ - +- (i --) -i in +i i - -=t= i - nn +i :=+i ~i ~-ii =
--i l- ~-ii n --i l- + =+- t (+ ni ln- n Ti(III) ~i- l-i +- i l+ i-- n [Ti(H
2
O)
6
]
3+
t . t (+ ~+n+i n-i n +i = + n t ti = + n +i ~i ~-ii n (+ ~ ln- :n + i - t
2g
-- -l-i-
ti -i t :=n ~nni --- -- (l+- e
g
--) =+ni + ln( -ni ti -i t l< i ln+ ,ii in t v+izi = = li-
-i in v+izi +i ~zii li- +-i t - t :n + i- t
2g
= e
g
-- n --i l- ti i-i t =ii ti = + n n-i n
+i l<iii <-i t ni ln- n Cu (II) +i ll-il- n . -<iti + ln( ni-i i =+-i t l+ t t
2g
=n t (d
xy,
d
yz
, d
xz
) = +i : d-:n + i - +i e
g
=n t (
2 2 2
z , y x
d d

+-i+) n --i l- + =+-i t := l-il- n --- -i v=il- ti -i
t ~ii - l--- -i (nin -i zi) ~zii li- +i i-i t ni ln- n +i (II) ~i- + ln( -i ~--in A
0
~ -ii+ -
+i+i +n ti -i t
-i- <i n: =iii ~zii li- - n< -ii l-i- l+( n n + =--ii +i -i-i t
uiit 6 + u-4 n ziifia s+izi +t an<r4 sf+ia ni + t u-ri

u-4 n ziifia s+izi ziifia s+izi u-4 n

+t an <r4 (nm) +i n +i n

[CoCl(HN
3
)
5
]
2+
535 ini n-i
[Co(NH
3
)
5
(H
2
O)]
3+
500 -ini ti nin
[Co(NH
3
)
6
]
3+
475 -ini ini -ini
[Co(CN)
6
]
3-
310 i n-i t-+i ini
[Cu(H
2
O)
4
]
2+
600 nin -ini
[Ti(H
2
O)
6
]
3+
498 -ini ti in -i

fasit : (a) lnn- +i ~- l-il- n . l+-n -i zi li- -ti ti-i t :=+ +n- <ii nti- ti-i t -<itiii ,
(i) [Ti(H
2
O)
6
]Cl
3
+i nn +- :=n = n ~i l-+n i- + +ii t nti- ti i-i t
(ii) :=i v+i ~-i< +i =-+ (CuSO
4
) =+< n +i ti-i t. nl+- nil- +i =-+ (CuSO
4
.5H
2
O) -in
n +i ti -i t
"manishkumarphysics.in"
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CHEMISTRY
(b) lnn - +i v+l-. -ii ii- -ii lnn- +i ni n ~- i- ii = + n + n +i viil- +-i t -<iti + ln(.
[Ni(H
2
O)
6
] +i t-+i ti n ll- - ti i-i t :=n (lini-i:( ni- iiii lnnii i-i t
uiit 7
en : Ni
dkeksyj vuqi kr sf{kr j ax
1 : 1
gYdkuhyk
2 : 1
uhyk@t kequh
3 : 1
cSaxuh
fasit :
nili+(ruby), nnin 0.51%Cr
3+
~i-(d
3
:n +i- - zi) +- (-lnl-n ~i+=i: t l=n Al
3+
+ -ii- Cr
3+
~i-. i< l-z+ = +ti +ti l-i- t tn Cr(III) -izii +i . (- ln-i + in+ n =ni l- ~+n+i Cr(III)
=+n + n <i =+- t :- +-<i d-d =+ni + +ii nili+ n n --- ti-i t (nin)
--i (emerland), il- ln (Be
3
Al
2
Si
6
O
18
) t l=n Cr
3+
~i- ~+n+i ~i-i n l-i- ti- t -- :=
ll-il- n in nin v+izi -ii -in v+izi = =-l-i- - - -i ~zii li- ti -i t -ii. t n + -i zi = =-l-i-
v+izi v=il- ti -i t
f+an +ii fu&i-a f+ uti4
(1) t + n ii- ~i- + d-+-i+i +i =l-nln- +-i t -ii t l=zi - ii- + ~- +-i+i +i =l-nln- -ti
+-i t (= l+ s, p
x
, p
y
-ii p
z
+-i+).
(2) t l=zi - lnn - + ~i l-i+ =in + i n =ti ii -ti +-i t -<iti + ln(. - + nii=il-+
ii n H
2
O, OH

= vn lnn- t +i ` t l=zi- :=+i ii -ti +-i t

(3) := l=zi - + ~- =i ii- -ii lnn - + n i i - ~il-+ ti - t t l=zi - ii- lnn - i l+ ~i lzi+
=t=ii v+l- +i -ti =nni-i t
(4) CFT, =+ni n t-i l-nii +i -ti =nni-i t
asuru4it 4ifn+i +i iif4-
(+ -=t= i i i ln+ [ML
n
] + -iil +i l--- + ,ii l< n -iil l--i + (=i- l--i +) + <i n nil-
l+i i-i t .
|
n
= [ML
n
]/[M(H
2
O)
n
][L]
n
i ~lil+i + ln( :
M(H
2
O)
n
+ nL ML
n
+ nH
2
O
=ini- = . l-iil- n +i ~t n-i +i i-i t +i l+ :=+i =i-< -i tn zii l-- t-i t -i +- i ~lil+i
lli-- <i n ti-i t -ii + < n (+ -iil l--i+i (=i- l--i+i) K
1
, K
2
, K
3
, ...... K
n
+i l--- -t =
<lzi- +- t :
M(H
2
O)
n
+ L ML(H
2
O)
n1
+ H
2
O
K
1
= [ML(H
2
O)
n1
] / {[M(H
2
O)
n
][L]}
ML
n1
(H
2
O) + L ML
n
+ H
2
O
K
n
= [ML
n
] / {[ML
n1
(H
2
O)] [L]}
M(H
2
O)
n
+ nL ML
n
+ nH
2
O
|
n
= K
1
x K
2
x K
3
x ........ x K
n
|
n
, -iil l--i + t i -ninl-+i -iil = =-l-i- t l-+i =i- t - i-i t ~li+- ni- ni
ln- = l+ i- t i : ln- +-i t l+ ii- ~i- + ni = + n = n +i l-iil- + lnn - ,ii = + n
-ii i-i t ~i zi +i i- n - i- t (. L +i (+ <-- lnn - + n n + = + n +i lli-- <i n l-ni i
-i+- <zii ~-=i ti-i t ti K
1
, K
2
, K
3
..... K
n
<i = -iil (i l-nii) l--i+ +i <lzi- +- t
-i +- -ninl-+i -iil +i -i-i t ti (+ ~- -t +i -iil ii ti -i t . l= nnl-+i -iil +ti i-i
t i lnn - + l-ii- +i < +i <zii -i t
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iif4- fa4ai+ + u-<i + r-si uii-4t+i :
(+ l< n ii- -ii lnn - + ln( -iil ~li+ ti i-i t ti ii- ~i- ~i zi ~li+ ti ~- ~i zi
3+ in ~i- + ln(. 2+ ~i- +i ~ -ii =n- nn +i -iil ~li+ ti -i t = +ni -i +i vin l+- +
ln( lnn - = -- zi :-+ l,= i i ~i- + ln(. -iil +i +n :l nllnn= +n n -iil ll- - ti -i t
Mn
II
< Fe
II
< Co
II
< Ni
II
< Cu
II
> Zn
II
t +n ~i-i + ~i+i + ~- =i ti -i t . ~i- +i ~i+i l--i +n ti -i t . ii- ~i zi i- ---i ~li+ ti -i
t -ii = + n +i -iil ---i ti ~li+ ti -i t
F, Cl, Br, I ; n F zi ~i+i -ii --- ~izi i- + +ii n-n =+n -i- t
-iil. +i n n + l-ni i ii l-i +-i t l< L (+ (+<-- lnn - t -ii LL (+ l,<-- lnn - ti -ii
l< L -ii LL + <i-i nii =ni- - = =-l-i- ti -i LL, L +i l-iil- + ni +in i+i + +ii vi-- ti -
ini -iil +in ii +tni-i t t l+ l-+i -ii lzn ii =i- n ~li+ nt i ti -i t
l< (+ t <-- lnn - -l+ ti -ii ti l+=i +i +i l-+ n lziln ii - ti -i -iil n ~li+ lz ti i-i
t := <ti +t4 sii (Macrocylic effect) +t- t
ui4ai :
1. uai-+ ui4ai :
(A) i4aa ui4ai
:= +i +i =ni-i --- ti -i t . (+ -=t= i i i ln+ n l- ~i- - ti (+ ~--zil+- (potential)
lnn - ti -i t -ii (+ lnn - +i l-iil- + =+-i t -ii i l+ (+ l- ~i- ti i-i t -= l- ~i- -i
<-i t -<iti + ln( ; l--- =+n ~i-- =ni-i <zii- t
[Co(NH
3
)
5
SO
4
]NO
3
-ii [Co(NH
3
)
5
NO
3
]SO
4
[Co(NH
3
)
4
(NO
2
)Cl]Cl -ii [Co(NH
3
)
4
Cl
2
]NO
2
.
[Co(NH
3
)
4
(H
2
O)Cl]Br
2
-ii [Co(NH
3
)
4
BrCl]Br.H
2
O. [ti: =nii +i ii (+ -<iti t ]
[Pt(NH
3
)
4
Cl
2
]Br
2
, -ii [Pt(NH
3
)
4
Br
2
]Cl
2
.
[Co(en)
2
(NO
2
)Cl]SCN, [Co(en)
2
(NO
2
)SCN]Cl -ii [Co(en)
2
(SCN)Cl]NO
2
(B) fni4+a ui4ai {rira ui4ai) :
:= +i +i =ni-i --- ti -i t . n ~i (+ =n- ni n+ ~ii ~i-- ni n+ n i i- t t ~i--
=ni-i + =ni- ti -i t lni+- =nii := - = li-- ti - t l+ (+ lni+ ~i ii- ~i- = =ii i
ti -i t . ~ii -ti ~ii t-i t l+-n in+ n -<iti + ln( ; CrCl
3
. 6H
2
Ol--- -i- li l<- n ~l--
i-i t : [Cr(H
2
O)
6
]Cl
3
, n-i; [CrCl(H
2
O)
5
]Cl
2
.H
2
O, -ini ti ; [CrCl
2
(H
2
O)
4
]Cl.2H
2
O, nti ti :- -i-i i-il-+
=nili +i =il+ -- CrCl
3
.6H
2
O= i-i- ll-n ,ii i+ l+i i =+-i t HCl +i --- =i-< -i
-i ii =nii [Cr(H
2
O)
3
Cl
3
], ini ti ii ~l-- i-i t :- li l<- ni + ~nii --+ ni ln- n ni
l=- -i: + ~ili+ +i lnni+ ii :-+i t-i- +i i =+-i t i l+ +nzi 3 : 2 : 1 + ni n ~- i- n l=-
+ni i: +i z - ~-i < - t
= + n AgNO
3
+ =ii l+i =i-< H
2
SO
4
+ =ii ~lil+i (l- ni+i+)
[Cr(H
2
O)
6
]Cl
3
3 : 1 nin ~-i- n +i: n ~i -ti l-+n-i ~ii +i : ~lil+i -ti
[CrCl(H
2
O)
5
]Cl
2
.H
2
O 2 : 1 nin ~-i- n =+n + ln( l- ni n (+ n ~i l-+n-i t
[CrCl
2
(H
2
O)
4
]Cl.2H
2
O 1 : 1 nin ~-i- n = +n + ln( l- ni n <i n ~i l-+n-i t
-4 a<iri faa r
[Co(NH
3
)
4
(H
2
O)Cl]Cl
2
-ii [Co(NH
3
)
4
Cl
2
]Cl.H
2
O
[Co(NH
3
)
5
(H
2
O)](NO
3
)
3
-ii [Co(NH
3
)
5
(NO
3
)](NO
3
)
2
.H
2
O.
(C) -riat/fn+ ui4ai
+ z lnn - = l+ -i<-- lnn - . <i -=t= i i l-il-i (~ii - <i li-- <i-i nii ) i- t -ii := +i
+i ll-il-i ln+ =ni-i --- +- + ln --i<ii ti-i t -<iti + ln ; NO
2
=nt. ii- ~i- =
-i: i - ,ii (NO
2
) =+-i t . ~ii ~i+=i- (ONO) ,ii =+-i t :=i -t SCN+i ii =-+ ,ii (
SCN) ~ii -i: i - ,ii (NCS) + -< i ii- ~i- = li- + =+- t
a<iri + fny : [Co (ONO) (NH
3
)
5
] Cl
2
& [Co (NO
2
) (NH
3
)
5
] Cl
2
"manishkumarphysics.in"
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(D) asuru4it ui4ai :
( = -=t= i i i ln+ i l+ i-il-+ +i~il-+ =n- n n + - ti - t. i-i- -ii +ii- n n +
i- lnn - + ~-- l-- + +ii := +i +i =ni-i <zii- t :-+ +z -<iti l--- t
(i) [Co(NH
3
)
6
][Cr(CN)
6
] -ii [Cr(NH
3
)
6
](Co(CN)
6
]
(ii) [Cu(NH
3
)
4
][PtCl
4
] -ii [Pt(NH
3
)
4
][CuCl
4
]
(iii) [Co(NH
3
)
6
][Cr(SCN)
6
] -ii [Cr(NH
3
)
4
(SCN)
2
](Co(NH
3
)
2
(SCN)
4
]
(iv) [Pt(NH
3
)
4
][PtCl
6
] -ii [Pt(NH
3
)
4
Cl
2
][PtCl
4
]
:= +i + =nili n ii l-+ ~ii i=il-+ n ii n =ii + = i-- ~-- i- t
(E) fnn- ui4ai - l+ ~li+i zi lnn - +i l-+ i ln+ ti - t . i l+ =ni-i <zii - +i = ii-i ~li+ i- t .
-i liini =+n := v+i + +il-+ lnn- = =ni-i v<lzi- + =+- t -<iti + ln(. lnn-, 1,2-
i:(ni-ii- ( i lni-i:( ni- i pn) -ii 1,3-i:(ni-i i - ( i:n lini-i:(ni- ~ii tn) := +i + nn t :=i
+i ~iii . n i -ii ii - i- (CH
3
C
6
H
4
NH
2
) n ti -i t
(F) rn+t+i ui4ai := +i +i =ni-i n lli-- =nii (+ < = = = ziii n li-- ti - t n l+- --+i
nni-i-i =zi =ni- ti-i t -<iti + ln( ; [Co(NH
3
)
4
(NO
2
)
2
][Co(NH
3
)
2
(NO
2
)
4
], [Co(NH
3
)
6
][Co(NO
2
)
6
] ,
[Co(NH
3
)
5
(NO
2
)][Co(NH
3
)
2
(NO
2
)
4
]
2
, [Co(NH
3
)
6
][Co(NH
3
)
2
(NO
2
)
4
]
3
, [Co(NH
3
)
4
(NO
2
)
2
]
3
[Co(NO
2
)
6
] -i i
[Co(NH
3
)
5
(NO
2
)
2
]
3
[Co(NO
2
)
6
]
2
:- =ii +i n ni- i-i = zi Co(NH
3
)
3
(NO
2
)
3
t n l+- = zi ii :== +nzi 2,2,3,4,4
-ii 5 n -i ~li+ t
2. fif ui4ai
t =nii l=n nii =ni- +n n (+< = = l-i- ti n l+- lziln n :- nii ~i +i l-i= li-- ti -
:-t lziln =nii +t- t -ii t li-i lziln =ni-i +tni-i t
4ifat4 ui4ai
:= +i +i =ni-i t i n l-+ = + ni n i: i-i t l-n lnn - +i li-- iln-i -ii( = i ti =+-i t
=n- =i 4 6 +- -=t=ii iln+i n iln-i =ni-i =ini- ni-i i-i t
u-4 u4i i :
a+n+t4 u+n:-- +n+i i ln+. iln-i =ni-i -ti <zii - t +i l+ -- +n+i iln-i n -ii l-il-i
(positions) =n- - ti -i t
n uant4 u+n : (+ n =n-ni = + n l=+i = zi [Ma
2
b
2
] (ti a b (+<-- + lnn - t ) t n <i =ni- a
lnn - . (+ =n-i =nii n (+ < = + = ni = l-il=- ti - t ~ii l-i =nii n (+ < = + li-
l-il=- ti- t
Pt(NH
3
)
2
Cl
2
+ 4ifat4 ui4t (us+i aii fs+i)
n =n-ni =+n Ma
2
bc (ti a,b,c (+<-- t), <i iln-i =nii <zii- t
n =n-ni =+n Mabcd (ti a,b,c,d (+<-- lnn- t), -i- iln-i =nii <zii- t
"manishkumarphysics.in"
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CHEMISTRY
-<iti = + n[PtNH
3
BrCl(py)] ; = + n [Pt(NH
3
)(NH
2
OH)(py)(NO
2
)]
+
+ -i- =nii i+ -ii t-i- i - + t
n =n-ni = + n M(AB)
2
(ti AB~=nln- l,<-- + lnn - t ) .<i iln-i =nii <zii -i t -<iti + ln ;
[Pt(gly)
2
], l=n gly ~=nln- lnn - ti-i t
:=i +i. M(AB)(CD) ii <i iln-i =ni-i <zii- t
aia : M(AA)
2
, (ti AA =nln- l,<-- lnn- t) .iln-i =ni-i -ti <zii-i t -<iti + ln ;
[Cu(en)
2
]
2+
,[Pt(ox)
2
]
2
~il<
u-4 u4i (six) :
~+n+i = +n n ii iln-i =ni-i =-i t
[Co(NH
3
)
4
Cl
2
]
+
+ 4ifat4 ui4t (us+i aii fs+i)
llzi = + ni + ln( + -< i ii- + -ii ~i lnn - +i llzi -ii -ii =-i =nili +i = i -i- <i n: t
(I) =+ n + n (+<-- + lnn - +- ti - t
(i) Ma
2
b
4
2 (aa)(bb)(bb)
(ab)(ab)(bb)
(ii) Ma
4
bc 2 (aa)(aa)(bc)
(aa)(ab)(ac)
(iii) Ma
3
b
3
Ma
3
b
3
=zi + =+n ti a b (+<--+ lnn- t. :=n <i +i + =nii +n+i (fac) -ii iilzi+
(Meridional (mer) i-- ti - t +n+i =nii n (+ ti +i + -i- lnn - + <i-i nii l-+-i ~+n+i
+n+ + +i -i l-i- ti - t l+ ini -ii ~ii ii lzi+ =nii n -i-i <i-i nii ~+n+ + i -i
l-i- ti - t + z +in lnn - + =ii =ni- =nii ii =-i t
(iv) Ma
3
b
2
c 3 (aa)(ab)(bc)
(aa)(bb)(ac)
(ab)(ab)(ac)
(v) Ma
3
bcd 4 (aa)(ab)(cd)
(aa)(ac)(bd)
(aa)(ad)(bc)
(ab)(ac)(ad)
"manishkumarphysics.in"
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CHEMISTRY
(vi) Ma
2
b
2
c
2
5 (aa)(bb)(cc)
(aa)(bc)(bc)
(bb)(ac)(ac)
(cc)(ab)(ab)
(ab)(ac)(bc)
(vii) Ma
2
b
2
cd 6 (viii) Ma
2
bcde 9
(viii) Mabcdef, [Pt(py)(NH
3
)(NO
2
)(Cl)(Br)(I)] 15
aia : Ma
6
aii Ma
5
b +i +n y+ =s riai r+
(II) iln+ i l,<--+ -ii (+<-- + lnn- +- t
(i) M(AA)a
3
b <i iln-i =nii =-i t
M
a
A
a
b
A
b
M
a
A
b
a
A
a
bTa aTa
(ii) M(AA)a
2
b
2
-i- iln-i =nii =-i t
M
b
A
b
a
A
a
M
a
A
b
a
A
b
M
A
b
A
b
aTa aTb bTb
aia : [M(AA)b
4
] (+ =-i t M(AA)abcd + z iln-i =nii ti - t
(iii) M(AA)
2
a
2
<i iln-i =nii =-i t
[CoCl
2
(en)
2
] + fny 4ifat4 ui4ai (us+i aii fs+i)
v+izit4/rii ui4ai
(+ -=t= i - i ln+ i l+ i l- v+izi + -n +i i li - (ll- -) + =+-i ti . v+izi =l+ +tni-i t
-=t= i- iln+ i l+ =ni- = zi i- t -- i l- v+izi + -n +i i li - +- +i -in-i n li-- ti - t .
i i =nii +tni- t -ii := i-i +i v+izii ~ii i i =ni-i +t- t
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CHEMISTRY
v+izii =nii (+< = + < i l-l- ti - t :-t (+< = ~ii l- -ti l+i i =+-i t :-t sfaf
=s i (- l-~i n (emamtiomers) +t- t ~i ~ii ~i- i (+< = ~ii l- -t i l+( i =+- . +irn
(chiral) +tni- t t .= + n n =nlnl- + -i +i ~- l-il- + +ii ti -i t . <i n i i- t . <l-iii i
i i + (d) ~i ini-i i i i i + () +tni- t . t := i- l-i +-i t l+ i inii (polarimeter) n =n-n
i l- +izi (i l- v+izi +i -n) +i l+= l<zii n i li - +- t ((d) <i: -+ i li - +-i t -ii () i: -+ i li -
+-i t
(a) a+n+t4 u+n
+ilzi+ =ni-i =ini- = l,< - lnn +- ~+n+i = + ni n i: i-i t -<iti + ln( = + n ~i-
[Co(en)
3
]
3+
, d aii i-i t. l-t l--- v+i v<lzi- + =+- t
[Co(en)
3
]
3+
+i d aii l
[PtCl
2
(en)
2
]
2+
+i =n-i =nii l--- <zii ~- =i v+izii =ni-i <zii -i t . +i l+ :=n =nlnl- + -n + =ii
=ii =nlnl- +i + -< ii ~- l-i- ti -i t
us+i-[PtCl
2
(en)
2
]
2+
+ fny d l
[PtCl
2
(en
2
)]
2+
+i l-i =nii v+izii =ni-i -ti <zii -i t
=n-i-[Co(NH
3
)
2
Cl
2
(en)]
+
, =nlnl- + -n -ii =nlnl- + +-< l+ ~-l-il- + +ii v+izii =ni-i v<lzi-
+ =+-i t
"manishkumarphysics.in"
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CHEMISTRY
(b) ua+nf+4 u+n
(i) =n--+nl+ =+ni + v+i [Mabcd] n v+izii =ni-i =iil- ti-i t i l+ =n--+nl+ +i-
nii + ~- t
M
c
b d
a a
b
c
d
Mirror plane
M
(i) -<iti + ln( ; [As(III)(CH
3
)(C
2
H
5
)(S)(C
6
H
4
COO)]
2+
, v+izii =ni-i <zii -i t =i l+ -i- <zii i ni t
As
S S
CH
3
Mirror plane
As
C H
2 5
C H COO
6 4

H C
3
H C
5 2
C H COO
6 4

2+ 2+
ti . i- < - i t l+ =+n ,ii <i vl-l- =ni-i <zii - + ln( + n t ~iz+ -ti t l+ = + n
+ +-<i nii + -ii ~i + =nt li-- ti :- = n t ~iz+ t l+ ~i ~=nnln- ti-i -ilt ~ii-
~i n =nlnl- +i +i: -n -ti ti-i -ilt . l== t <i <i vl-l- i =+-i t
(ii) ~=nln- l,<- + lnn- + =ii Be, B, Cu(II) -ii Zn(II) + =n-- +n+i = +ni +i v+izii =nii +
n i+ l+i i -+i t =+n + +i:n (chiral) ti- + ln(. +in lnn- +i ~=nln- ti-i ti -ilt
(- ~=nln- ti ~ii +i:n (chiral) ti ~iz+ -ti t)
:=+i (+ -<iti l= ( -i:n(=ii - i ) Be(II) = + n, [(C
6
H
5
COCHCOCH
3
)
2
Be]
0
t l=+ < i-vl-l-
=nii l--- l-zi n <zii n t
CH
3
CH
3
C C
O
O
HC CH
C C O O
C H
6 5
C H
6 5
Be Be
II
C C O O
O O C C
CH
3
CH
3
C H
6 5
C H
6 5
CH CH
II
-i+- l-zi = < ii i =+-i t l+ = + n n +i: =nlnl- +i + -: -ii -n -ti t -ii <i -i (+< =
i = ~iil- -ti ti - t t =+n +i d--ii - i n i++i +i ii +-i t
"manishkumarphysics.in"
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CHEMISTRY
(c) n uant4 u+n
n =n-ni =+n n v+izii =ni-i t- +n ii i-i t -i - in nii~i -ii ii- ~i- ,ii
(+ -n -ii i-i t. l= <i -n + n lni i-i t := v+i t +i:n-i (chiral) +i =-ii-i +i
~z +-i t l n =n-ni =+ n +ii+ii v+izii =ni-i <zii -i t l+ ii -<iti + ln( Pt(II)
+i (+ -i -=t=ii =+n. [Pt(II)(NH
2
.CH(C
6
H
5
).CH(C
6
H
5
NH
2
).(NH
2
.CH
2
.C(CH
3
)
2
.NH
2
)]
2+
i l+ n
=n-ni ~i+l- i-i t +i ln-= (Mills) -ii + n (Quibell) ail-+i - 1935 n <i i n i+ l+i t
Example-17 l--- n = +i-=i = t ?
(A) [Zn(Cl)
2
(NH
3
)
2
] =n-i -ii l-i n ~l-- i ni
(B) [Pt(Br) (Cl) (NH
3
) (Py)] (+ v+izii = =l+ iln+ t
(C) i i n = + n. [Fe(H
2
O)
5
NO
+
]
2+
~- - -+i ti -i t
(D) -i +- =ii = t
Ans. (C)
Solution (A) t -- +n+i t - =ii l-il- (+ < = + =ni-i ti -i t ~- iln-i =ni-i -ti <zii -i t
(B) 5d
8
l-i= +i --- CFSEti -i t ~- = + n n =n-ni ti -i t :-n (+ =nln- - ti -i t . :=
t +i +izii = l-l+ ti-i t
(C) t (+ Fe(I) = +n t l=n -i- ~ln- :n + i- ti- t -ii t sp
3
d
2
=+i i-i t
Example-18 +i -=i +i- =ti t `
(A*) [Co(en)
3
] [Cr(CN)
6
] -=t=ii =ni-i <zii-i t
(B*) [Mn(CO)
5
(SCN)] ln + =ni-i <zii -i t
(C*) [Co(NH
3
)
5
(NO
3
)]SO
4
~i-- =ni-i <zii -i t
(D) +i: =ti -ti t
Ans. (A,B,C)
Solution (A) i-il-+ +iil-+ lnn- + i- lnn- + ll-n + +ii -=t=i i =ni-i ti-i t
(B) SCN

(+ -i<-- + lnn- ti -i t -ii := v+i t -i:i - ~ii =-+ <i -i n = l+=i (+ ,ii
+-< i ii- ~i- = + ln+i-i =ni-i <zii-i t
(C) NO
3

(=n- nn n) -ii SO
4
2
(~i-- nn n) + ll-n = ~i-- =ni-i i-- ti-i t
+i riif-+ 4ifn+
riia +iifan
CO + =ii ii- + i ln+ l-n CO lnn - + n ti - t ii- +ii l-n +tni- t
<i v+i + ti - t
(a) y+n+t (monomeric) t ii- +ii l-n i vl- ~i + n (+ ii- nii i-i t (+n+i +ii l-n +tni-i t
-<iti + ln( : [Ni(CO)
4
] (sp
3
, -- +n+i); [Fe(CO)
5
] (dsp
3
, lzi+i ii l,lilni) ; [Cr(CO)
6
](d
2
sp
3
, ~+n+i);
V(CO)
6
(d
2
sp
3
, ~+n+i, t ( =i +ii l-n i l+ ~- - -+i t -ii ~ ln- :n + i - i-i t =ii -i +ii l-ni
n == +n -iii ti -i t )
"manishkumarphysics.in"
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CHEMISTRY
(b) rn+t (polymeric) t ii- +ii l-n i vl- ~i <i ~ii <i = ~li+ ii- nii i- t -ii --n ii- ii- i
ii i-i t. tn+i +iil-n +tni- t -<iti + ln ; Mn
2
(CO)
10
, Co
2
(CO)
9
:il<
ii- +ii l-n +n + -i i-iii <i ~li+izi- ai = ti - t (+-ili+i +ii l-n iziin li n ti -
t Fe
2
(CO)
9
+i zi + =ii +ii l-n ti: i +i - lni+ n ln ziin ti - t (+-ili+i +ii l-n i -i nti- ti -
t ~ii t-+ ni- ti- t tn+i -ili+i +iil-n ~li+ nt n + ti- t -<iti + ln Fe
3
(CO)
12
i ++ii l-n~i- (o) (+ nti ti ii= + n =i ai = ti -i t ii- +ii l-n +i ~i i ln+ -v + + n +in
n - t -ii +i l-+ = znii n -i + n v +- ti - t
ii- +ii l-n n ii- +i - i. s p <i -i + ~lin-ii <zii -i t +ii l-n +i - (CO(+ < n -ii t ) :n + i-
+ (+i+i n +i ii- + l+- +-i+ n < + MCo i -i-i t +i - ni -i ~i +=i: + l+- vl- li- t* +-i+
n ii- + i i d- +-i+ = :n + i- + (+i+i n +i < + MCt i -i- t := v+i +i - ni -i ~i +=i:
o <i-i (OCM) -ii (+t niti (OC M), <i -i + =ni- +i +-i t t <i-i v+i + -i +ii l-n = + n n
(+ =tl+iziin-i +i vii (synergic effect) - +- t . i CO-ii ii- + n -i +i vn -i-i t . =i l+
l-zi n <zii i ni t
M C O

t
t
t
o
-
(i) = = MCt -i + =in n lz ti-i i-i t CO-i < n ti -i i-i t +-< i ii- nii ~li+
i-~i zi ti - . ii- nii +n =ti -i = :n + i - i- +i - ni -i ~i+=i: lnn - + t* +-i+ n <i- +-i t
t CO-i + =in +i +n < n +-i t
(ii) +i~il-+ =+ n n (~ii- +ii -i:n +ii-), ii- l--ii + ln( --- :n+ i- i-i t :=+ +n-
MCt -i + =in n l, ti -i t -ii CO i +i vn-i +n ti i-i t -<iti + ln( =n:n + i - = + n n .
= + n +i~i zi lz + =ii=ii ii- lnn - -i + =in n lz ti -i t -ii COn CO-i + =in n +ni
~i-i t (+i l+ -i +n i-i t )
:= v+i CO-i =in +i +n l--- t
(a) [M(CO)
6
]
+
> [Cr(CO)
6
] > [V(CO)
6
]

> [Ti(CO)
6
]
2
.
(b) [Ni(CO)
4
] > [Co(CO)
4
]

> [Fe(CO)
4
]
2
.
fui (o) ri u+n
:= +i + = + n n . lnn + +i - nii -ii ii- nii o i + =ii li- ti -i t l=n lnn (+ :n + i-
+i in<i- <-i t -ii :=ln( (+ :n+i- <i-i +tni-i t
-<iti + ln(
(a) n i-i ~li+n+. R Mg X ti R(l-+n ~ii (ln =nt t -ii X t ni - t
(b) (CH
3
)
4
Sn, (C
2
H
5
)
4
Pb, Al
2
(CH
3
)
6
, Al
2
(C
2
H
5
)
6
~il<
"manishkumarphysics.in"
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CHEMISTRY
sir (t)-fria +i riif-+ 4ifn+
t t ii- + i ln+ t i (l-+-. (-+i:-. i- ~- ni i ln+i + =ii ti - t
fuu ni (Zeise's salt) :
l== ni +i =--i n (lini-. n =n-ni = + n +i -- i l-il- ti-i t -ii CC~-i. -nl-n lnn-
-n + n-- ti -i t :=n n +- (lini- +i - n-i n CC i n-i: n ii i =i lz ti i-i t (133.77 pm=
137.5 pm -+), -ii ti:i - nii -ni -ii = ii i =i iz n ti- t l== ni n . (lini- ~i -ii
ii- ~i- + n - i +i ii- -ni (+ +-i+ = l l=ni i + n ni-i i-i t t i i -i
+i -ni -i ~i+=i: i ln+i + =ni- t l=n (+ lnn - ii- l=ni <i-i i -ii +ln- ii- = lnn - t i ii
i-i t z- i- + =in n l- - ii- . vl--iii (lini- -ii ii- -l-i- ~- lnn - l-i +-i t
K [PtCl
3
(q
2
C
2
H
4
)]
Cl Cl
Cl
Pt
C
||
C
H H
H H

K
+
+iuta aii fu{ta) +if4
+ i =i- 18-:n + i- l-n +i in- +-i t :n + i- ln-- +i lli + ~iii =i:+ni -ii:-i:n lnn - +i i
-i i - :n + i - <i-i (-<i=i- nii ~-ii n ) i z :n + i - <i-i (~i+=i+ - ~-ii n ) + n < ii i =+-i
t :=i v+i -i- lnn - +i ii -<i=i- ~i ~-ii + =ii=ii ~i +=i+i ~-ii n ii. 6 :n + i - <i-i +
n < ii i =+-i t +i =i-. -ii -iil <zii -i t -ii t i ,ii ~i+=i+ - -ti ti -i t
Fe (q
5
C
5
H
5
)
2
~i Cr (q
6
C
6
H
6
)
2
Cr
asuru4ia 4ifn+i +i r- aii as4in
(i) -=t= i - i ln+ - zi n t - ti nt i t -<iti + ln( +ni i l+n (i ii n t n +i i +), ltnini l-
(+ +i nin n +i i +. i l+ ~i +=i- it+ +i +i +-i t ). nii ni l- + =ii (i l+ ~i +=i- = n it+
-ii z=- + l--zi+ +i +i +-i t), liln- B
12
, i l+ =i-i+iin(ni-. (l-iini ~+--i +i+)
t . -+ =ii n +i =i:l+n+ i +il- -ii +i l- lnn - (macrocyclic porphyrin and corrin ligands) + =ii +nzi
n-ilzin. ~i- -ii +ii- + -=t=i+ iln+ t
(ii) ( = t - =i -= t=ti - i ln+i + -<iti t l-t n iin+ -ii niziin+ i=il-+ lzn iii n +- l+i i-i
t t - =i ii- ~i- lnn - lzi i = +in lnn - = ~lil+i + ni- -=t= i - i ln+ -i- t t ti
l-=-n- (classical) -ii ilzi+ (instrumental) llii ,ii ii- ~i-i +i t-i- --+ niziin+ ~i+n- +i
~iii t (= ~li+n +i + -<iti t (EDTA), i:nlinni:~i+=in, o--i: i=i |-- +iin. +i- ~il<
(iii) ii- ~i +i +z ni l-+i i llii n . = l=- -ii ni - + ln( = +n l-- +i -i n ti-i t -<itiii .
~i+=i- -ii n +i -l-il- n ni-. =i-i: ~i- = =il- ti+ ni ln- n -=t=i- nn.
[Au(CN)
2
]

-i-i t := ln- n l+ lnni+ ni - +i i+ l+i i =+-i t

"manishkumarphysics.in"
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CHEMISTRY
(iv) :=i +i = ii- ~i +i zi lz+i --+ = + n -i+ -ii -= - lil- ++ l+i i =+-i t -<itiii . ~zi z
l-+n +i [Ni(CO)
4
] n ll-- l+i i-i t -ii := ~il- + zi z l-+n i-- + lni i-i t
(v) EDTA, =i= (Lead) + li + --i n v +- l+i i-i t -n l-n + + z -= t= i i i ln+ ~i z (+ -=) +i
lz +i viii = i +- t
a<iri =n-i -nl- (=n-i-[Pt(NH
3
)
2
Cl
2
] -ii = li- i ln+ t
(vi) +i iil+ i ln+ +i -v + + v +- +- t t -v + i -i =ni ni v+i (~lil+i nin n ln i) ~ii
linini (~lil+i nin n ~lni) ti- t (l-+- +i -+i tn+i+i. lnn -ii -+ (i:l-n
i+ni i: - i:( lin (n lnl-n) +i -l-il- n i nni <i l zii -i . +i iil+ =i- +i (+ n i
ii t ti: i-i+i + ln( vin viii =nini -v+ +niil= (i:+l-n +i-+i-)i ln (I), [RhCl(PPh
3
)
3
],
ll-+-=- ,ii l<i ni
(vii) i (lin n (TEL) +i n=ini- n vl- ~-+ii- iln+ (antiknock compound) + n +in n lni ni
"manishkumarphysics.in"
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CHEMISTRY
MISCELLANEOUSSOLVEDPROBLEMS(MSPs)
1. l--- lnn -i +i +in i+i + vii +i +n <il(
(i) C
2
O
4
2
(ii) EDTA (iii) i:(lini-i:(ni- (dien)
(A) iii > ii > i (B) i > ii > iii (C) ii > iii > i (D) i > iii > ii
Ans. (C)
Sol. <i-i nii +i = i + c- + =ii lnn - +i +in i+i +i vii c-i t =ii ti -ii +i =i c-i t
~i+=ni. i:(lini-i:(ni- (dien) -ii EDTAn +nzi 2,3 -ii 6 <i-i nii ti- t
2. l--- IUPAC-ini = = li- + +i =--in+ =zi lnii
(a) ilzin i=i-il+(II) (b) i+iil-nl-+n(0)
(c) ilzin i=i:-il-+n(0) (d) ilzin i:~i+=ni(nln-(III)
Ans. (a) K
2
[Zn
II
(CN)
4
] (b) [Ni
0
(CO)
4
] (c) K
4
[Ni
0
(CN)
4
] (d) K
3
[Al
lII
(C
2
O
4
)
3
]
Sol. IUPACl-n + ~iii
3. l--- + IUPAC-in lnii
(a) [Cr(acac)
3
] (b) [V(H
2
O)
6
]Cl
3
(c) (NH
4
)
3
[Co(C
2
O
4
)
3
] (d) K
2
[CrO
4
]
Ans. (a) l= ((l=ln(=ii-i)+ilnn (III). (b) t +=i(+i - ln(III) +ni i:
(c) ~nil-n i:~i+=ni+ii- (III) (d) ilzin i~i+=i:i+in (VI).
Sol. IUPAC -in+i + ~iii
4. (+ ln- l=n 0.319 gm CrCl
3
.6H
2
O= + n ln i t . +i (+ i-i- ll-n n = vilt- l+i ni -ii it
l-+n- in ln- +i 0.125 MNaOH+ 28.5 ml = -<i=i- l+i ni =+ n +i =ti =zi +i tini`
[= +n +i ~i ii = 266.5].
(A) [CrCl(H
2
O)
5
]Cl
2
. H
2
O (B) [Cr(H
2
O)
6
]Cl
3
(C) [CrCl
2
(H
2
O)
4
]Cl . 2H
2
O (D) =ii =ti t
Ans. (B)
Sol. Cl

= HCl = NaOH
nCl

+ nH
+
nHCl
:=i v+i 1 nin =+n. n nin HCl -i(ni
1 nin =+n = n nin HCl = n nin NaOH
=+n + nin =
5 . 266
319 . 0
= 0.0012; v+- NaOH + nin =
1000
125 . 0 5 . 28
= 0.0036
:=ln( 0.0012 nin =+n = 0.0036 nin NaOH = 0.0036 nin HCl
1 nin =+n =
0012 . 0
0036 . 0
= 3 nin HCl
n = 3
:=ln( =+n [Cr(H
2
O)
6
]Cl
3
t
5. l---lnli- n ii- nii +i iii nii =i ai- +i
(a) [Cr(CO)
6
] (b) [Fe(CN)
6
]
3
(c) [Co(CN)
6
]
4
(d) [Ni(NH
3
)
6
]
2+
[Cr = 24 ; Fe = 26; Co = 27 ~i Ni = 28 nii =i t]
Ans. (a) 36 (b) 35 (c) 37 (d) 38
Sol. iii nii = i =ii- nii ~i- n -l-i- :n + i - +i = i - lnn - ,ii <i- l+ n :n + i- +i = i
(a) [Cr
0
(CO)
6
] ; EAN = 24 + 12 = 36 ; (b) [Fe
III
(CN)
6
]
3
; EAN = 23 + 12 = 35
(c) [Co
II
(CN)
6
]
4
; EAN = 25 + 12 = 37 ; (d) [Ni
II
(NH
3
)
6
]
2+
; EAN = 26 + 12 = 38
6. l--- = +n +i ~ni +- +il( ,
(i) K
2
PtCl
6
(ii) PtCl
4
. 2NH
3
(iii) PtCl
4
. 3NH
3
(iv) PtCl
4
. 5NH
3
ni ln- n :-+i - -in+-i tini
(A) 256, 0, 97, 404 (B) 404, 0, 97, 256 (C) 256, 97, 0, 404 (D) 404, 97, 256, 0
Ans. (A)
"manishkumarphysics.in"
32
CHEMISTRY
Sol. =+n +i - -in+-i. ni ln- n --+ ,ii <i n: ~i-i +i =i l-i +-i t
(i) K
2
[PtCl
6
] 2K
+
(aq) + [PtCl
6
]
2
(aq)
(ii) [Pt(NH
3
)
2
Cl
4
] [Pt(NH
3
)
2
Cl
4
] (aq)
(iii) [Pt(NH
3
)
3
Cl
3
]Cl [Pt(NH
3
)
3
Cl
3
]
+
(aq) + Cl

(aq)
(iv) [Pt(NH
3
)
5
Cl]Cl
3
[Pt(NH
3
)
5
Cl]
3+
+ 3Cl

u+n i4ai +t u4i ifa ua in+ai

(i) K
2
[PtCl
6
] 3 256
(ii) [Pt(NH
3
)
2
Cl
4
] 0 0
(iii) [Pt(NH
3
)
3
Cl
3
]Cl 2 97
(iv) [Pt(NH
3
)
5
Cl]Cl
3
4 404
~- (A) l+- =ti t
7. l--- +i ii +il(
(i) Ni
2+
+ =ii ~+n+i =+n ir +-i+ =+n ti- -ilt(
(ii) [CoF
6
]
3
~- --+i ti- t nl+- [Co(CN)
6
]
3
vl---+i ti - t
Sol. (i) Ni
2+
l-i=
-l-i= + <ii- :n+i- + n- + ln( + n (+3d-+-i+ -ni ti-i t
:=ln(. d
2
sp
3
=+i =-i -ti t :=ln( +n sp
3
d
2
(ir) =+i ti-i t
(ii) [CoF
6
]
3
n . Co
3+
+i sp
3
d
2
= +i ti -i t -i d-+-i+ (+n :n + i- ,ii i ti - t ~- t ~- - -+i
ti -i t
[CoF
6
]
3
[Co(CN)
6
]
3
n , Co
3+
+i d
2
sp
3
= +i ti -i t =ii :n + i - ln- ti - t -ii := +i t vl-- -+i ti -i t
[Co(CN)
6
]
3
`
8. ~i+i <i = + n X -ii Yl< n t i l+ (+ < = + =nii t . X, Hg[Co(SCN)
4
] t ~in t ii ni l+X +i
~---+i ~iii 3.78 B.M. -ii Y +i 1.73 B.M. t - :-n = +i-=i +i- =ti t `
(A) X +i +ii- --+n+i tini -ii Y +i n =n-ni tini
(B) X +i +ii- n =n-ni tini -ii Y +i --+n+i tini
(C) <i-i + +ii- --+n+i tin
(D) <i-i + +ii- n =n-ni tin
Ans. (A)
Sol. = ) 2 n ( n + i 3.78 B.M. = ) 2 n ( n + i n = 3
Hg [Co(SCN)
4
] (X), n +i i- +2 ~i+=i+i ~-ii n t ~-.
Co
2+
, [Ar] 3d
7
4s
4p
3d
[Co(SCN)
4
]
2
sp
3
=+l- +-i+
SCN

~i- = vi-- :n+i- + -i n

= ) 2 n ( n + i 1.73 B.M. = ) 2 n ( n + i n = 1
Hg [Co(NCS)
4
] (Y), n +i i- +2 ~i +=i+i ~-ii n t ~-.
"manishkumarphysics.in"
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CHEMISTRY
Co
2+
, [Ar] 3d
7
4s
4p
3d
[Co(SCN)
4
]
2
dsp
2
=+l- +-i+
NCS

~i- = vi-- :n+i- + -i n

~-, X, --+n+i t -ii Y n=n-ni t
9. l--- =ii =+ n ~- ii n +ni <zii- t :-t --+i - ni n ii i-i t - :-n = n =n-ni ilnl-
l+=+i ti ni `
(A) Ni(Co)
4
(B) K[AgF
4
] (C) Na
2
[Zn(CN)
4
] (D) :-n = +i: -ti
Ans. (B)
Sol. K [AgF
4
] n Ag(III,) 4d
8
l-i= i-i t -ii :=+i CFSE +i ni- --- t i l+ :n + i- +i n- + ln( i
+-i t := v+i =+n vl---+i -ii n =n-ni ti-i t
10. t (+ vii ln+ - t l+ Cs
2
[CuCl
4
] -i ni n +i ti -i t n l+- (NH
4
)
2
[CuCl
4
] ini ti -i t t ~in < ii i-i
t l+ (+ ~ ln- e

+i + n ~- - -+i ~ii i -+i + =ii=ii +-i+ +i v+ l- + +ii ti -i t d-+-i+ s

p +-i+i +i ~ -ii ~li+ i n<i- < - t ~- -i ni i ln+ +i + n ~- - -+i ~ii i . in i ln+ +i ~ -ii ~li+
vi-- ti-i t - :-n = +i -=i =ti t `
(A) -ini iln+ +i +ii- -- +n+i in +i n =n-ni ti -i t
(B) -ini iln+ +i +ii- n =n-ni in +i -- +n+i ti -i t
(C) <i-i +ii- --+n+i ti- t (D) <i-i +ii- n =n-ni ti- t
Ans. (A)
Sol. Cs
2
[CuCl
4
] (-ini) --+n+i t. +il+ Cu(II) n ~ln- :n+i- 3d n t nl+- (NH
4
)
2
[CuCl
4
] ini n
=n-ni ti-i t +il+ ~ln- :n+i- 3d n - ti+ --- s p ~-ii n ti- t
11. t (+ ~vii ln+ - t l+ DMG+ Ni(II) ni + NH
4
OH nin ~-i
:= nin ~-i + ln( +i -=i +i- ~= t `
(A) t ~-~il-+ =+n ti-i t (B) t ~-- ~il+H-i- i-i t
(C) Ni(II) sp
3
=+i n t (D) t (+ vl---+i =+n t
Ans. (C)
Sol. = + n[Ni(DMG)
2
], n l-+ n+2 ~i +=i+i ~-ii n t , ~i- 3d
8
:n + i l-+ l-i= i-i t -ii i: n linni : ~i +=i:n
(+ +in lnn - t := v+i = +i i-i +i l--- l-zi ,ii <zii i ni t
Ni
2+
, [Ar]3d
8
4s
4p
3d
[Ni(DMG)
2
] vl---+i
dsp
2
=+l- +-i+
12. l---lnli- = + ni n CFSE + ~i l++ ni- +i =ti +n t
= + n P Q R S
= zi [CoF
6
]
3
[Co(CN)
6
]
3
[Co(NH
3
)
6
]
3+
[Co(H
2
O)
6
]
3+
(A) P > Q > R > S (B) Q > R > S > P (C) S > R > P > Q (D) R > Q > P > S
Ans. (B)
"manishkumarphysics.in"
34
CHEMISTRY
Sol. CFSE, l+-n -i zi li- A
o
n- -i + ~il-i+ lnii l-i +-i t . -ii A
o
ii- ~i- ~i zi -ii
lnn- ,ii --- -i zi l-i +-i t l+-n -izi =in +i ~iiti +n t : F

< H
2
O< NH
3
< CN

:= v+i (B) l+- =ti t

13. l--- n = +i-=i +i- =ti -ti t `
(a) [Ni(H
2
O)
6
]
2+
-ii [Ni(NH
3
)
6
]
2+
+ ln( CFSE +i ni- =ni- ti-i t
(b) [Ni(H
2
O)
6
]
2+
-ii [Ni(NH
3
)
6
]
2+
+ ln( - -+i ~ii i +i ni- =ni- ti -i t
(A) +n a (B) +n b (C) a -ii b <i-i (D) :-n = +i: -ti
Ans. (A)
Sol. (a) ~ni l-i. n +i - n-i n (+ vn -i zi lnn - t ~- [Ni(NH
3
)
6
]
2+
, [Ni(H
2
O)
6
]
2+
+i - n-i n ---CFSEi ni
(b) <i -i = + n[Ni(H
2
O)
6
]
2+
-ii [Ni(NH
3
)
6
]
2+
<i ~ ln- :n + i - + =ii sp
3
d
2
= +i i- t ~- t =ni- - -+i
~ii i i- t (+n -+i).
14. a-4-1 : [Co
II
(NH
3
)
6
]
2+
~i=i-i = [Co
III
(NH
3
)
6
]
3+
n ~i+=i+ - -ti ti -i t :=n = i vilt- +i i-i t
a-4-2 : d
6
l-i= in Co(+III) + l+-n -i zi -iii+i -i d
7
l-i= in Co(+II) +i ~ -ii --- ti -i t
(A) +--1 = t, +--2 = t; +--2 +- -1 +i =ti -i+i t
(B) +--1 = t, +--2 = t ; +--2 +--1 +i =ti -i+i -ti t
(C) +--1 = t, +--2 ~= t
(D) +--1 ~= t, +--2 = t
Ans. (D)
Sol. +ia-1 : t nn- +i- t
+ia-2 : d
7
(0.8 A
0
) l-i= +i -n-i n d
6
l-i= + --- CFSE (2.4 A
0
) ni- + +ii i +i -l-il- n.
[Co
II
(NH
3
)
6
]
2+
~i=i-i = [Co
III
(NH
3
)
6
]
3+
n ~i+=i+ - ti i-i t
15. =+n [PtCl
2
(NH
3
)(OH
2
)] ; + ln( +i-=i +i- = t ` [Pt +i niiii = 78]
(i) t =n-i -ii l-i <i iln-i =nii + n t-i t
(ii) Pt(II) ~i- +i =+i ~-ii sp
3
t
(iii) t (+ n =n-ni =+n t (iv) t (+ vl---+i = +n t
(v) t ti: =ni-i <zii -i t (vi) t (+ --+n+i = +n t
(A) (i), (iii),(iv) (B) (ii),(iv),(v) (C) (ii),(v),(vi) (D) (i),(v),(vi)
Ans. (A)
Sol. Pt
2+
([Xe]4f
14
5d
8
)
[PtCl
2
(NH
3
)(OH
2
)] vfa+t4
dsp
2
=+l- +-i+
Ma
2
bc =n-i -ii l-i =nii i- t
16. [Ni(CN)
4
]
4
, [Ni(PPh
3
)
3
Br] -ii [Ni(dmg)
2
] -izii n . Ni nii +i = +i ~-ii +nzi t
(A) dsp
2
, dsp
2
, sp
3
(B) sp
3
, sp
3
, dsp
2
(C) sp
3
, dsp
2
, dsp
2
(D) dsp
2
, sp
3
, dsp
2
Ans. (B)
Sol. [Ni(CN)
4
]
4
- Ni zi - ~i +=i+i ~-ii n t . CN

(+ n -i zi lnn t -ii := +i :n + i - +i - -ii ti -i

t . ~- [Ni(CN)
4
]
4
"manishkumarphysics.in"
35
CHEMISTRY
[Ni(PPh
3
)
3
Br] - n Ni +i ~i+=i+i ~-ii +1 t -ii l-i= 3d
9
t (PPh
3
(+ n -i zi lnn t ~-). ~-,
[Ni(PPh
3
)
3
Br]
[Ni(dmg)
2
] - n Ni +i ~i+=i+i ~-ii +2 t -ii l-i= 3d
8
t (dmg (+ n+i+ lnn t ). ~- ,
[Ni(dmg)
2
]
17. ~lil+i Ni
2+
+ 4NH
3
[Ni(NH
3
)
4
]
2+
+ ln(.
=i- l< n +- ~-ii n ln- 1.6 10
4
% l-+n i-i ti -ii =i- NH
3
+i =i-< -i 0.5 Mti -i = + n
+i ~-iil l--i+ l--- + nnin i ti ni
(A) 1.0 10
5
(B) 1.5 10
16
(C) 1.0 10
7
(D) 1.5 10
17
Ans. (C)
Sol. Ni
2+
+ 4 NH
3
[Ni(NH
3
)
4
]
2+
k =
4
3
2
2
4 3
] NH [ ] Ni [
] ) NH ( Ni [
+
+
s-a
+ +
+
+
2
4 3
2
2
] ) NH ( Ni [ ] Ni [
] Ni [
= 1.6 10
6
ii
+
+
2
4 3
2
] ) NH ( Ni [
Ni
~ 1.6 10
6
k =
4
6
) 5 . 0 ( 6 . 1
10

= 10
7
~- ~-iil l--i += 10
7
18. ii- +ii l-n n ii- +i - i n-i: = iil- = +n vi-- ti -i t =nni: . +i `
Sol. ti ii- -ii CO + n = +ni ~-- l+i (synergic bonding) + +ii. ii- -ii CO + n ~i lzi+ l, i n-ii
l+l=- ti i-i t
M C O

t
t
t
o
-
u+t -af+4i (Synergic Bonding)
19. l--- n = l+=n t- i -ti i i- t `
(A) +i=i- (B) i:i- +ilnn (C) l== ni (D) n i-i ~li+n +
Ans. (D)
Sol. RMgX ~ii - n i-i ~li+n + o li- = + n ti -i t
20. ll-+-=- -v+ l--- n = +i-=i - i-i t `
(A) iln (B) ~i- (C) (-lnl-n (D) +ii-
Ans. (A)
Sol. ll-+-=- -v +. [Rh(I)Cl(PPh
3
)
3
] t . ~- t i ln - i-i t `