Length of Arc & Area of sector
1
LENGTH OF ARC AND AREA OF SECTOR
Arc length and the area of a sector are proportional to the angle subtended at the centre of the
circle.
Skill assessed
Calculate the arc length when the radius r and angle are given.
Calculate the perimeter of an enclosed shape, involving sectors and triangles.
Calculate the area of a shaded region, involving sectors, triangles and segments
Usual format of questions
A diagram and other information are given.
By using
7
22
= , calculate (a) the perimeter of the whole diagram
(b) the area of the shaded region.
Strategies for problem solving
1. Identify the perimeter of the whole diagram by tracing the outline of the perimeter using
colour.
2. Identify the values of the corresponding radius and angle for the arc length which you want to
find.
3. Calculate the arc length by using the correct formulae.
4. Repeat the process if there is another arc length with different radius and angle.
5. Find the perimeter by adding the arc lengths and the length of straight lines.
6. Identify the region for which you want to find its area.
7. Identify the values of the corresponding radius and angle for the sector.
8. Calculate the area of the shaded region by using the correct formulae.
Common Errors
Students used the wrong formula.
Students used wrong values for radius or angle.
Students used other values of like 3.14.
Students using the Additional Mathematics method round off the value of angle in radian to 2
or 3 significant figures only.
Students calculated the perimeter of the shaded region when the question asked the perimeter of
the whole diagram.
Students did not read the question carefully to extract the right information.
r
O
A
B
Arc length of AB = 2
360
r
Area of sector AOB =
2
r
360
Length of Arc & Area of sector
2
3.1. CIRCUMFERENCE
Example: Use =
7
22
Radius = 7 cm
Circumference
= 2 ( 7 )
= 7
7
22
2
= 44 cm
Ex
Example: Diameter = 7 cm
Radius = 3
2
1
cm
Circumference = 2 (3
2
1
)
= 2 x
7
22
x
2
7
= 22 cm
Exercise A
1.
Radius = 14 cm
Circumference =
Exercise B
1. Diameter = 14 cm
Radius =
Circumference =
2. Radius = 16 cm
Circumference =
2.
Diameter = 140 mm
Radius =
Circumference =
Circumference = 2r, where r is a radius
r
O
7
O
O
O 14
O
O
O
Length of Arc & Area of sector
3
3.
Radius = 10 cm
Circumference =
3. Diameter = 35 cm
Radius =
Circumference =
3.2. ARC OF A CIRCLE
Example: Use =
7
22
Radius = 7 cm
Minor arc of AB
=
360
90
2 ( 7 )
=
360
90
2 x
7
22
x 7
= 11 cm
Example: Use = 3.142
Radius = 3 cm
Minor arc of AB =
=
360
60
2 (3)
=
360
60
2 3.142 3
= 3.142 cm
Exercise A
1.
Radius = 14 cm
= 45
o
Minor arc of AB =
Exercise B
1. Radius = 5 cm
= 80
o
Minor arc of AB =
O
B
A
90
o
In the diagram, arc AB subtended an angle at the centre O
with radius r.
Length of arc =
o
360
r 2
O 10
O
B
A
90
7
O
B
A
60
3
O
B
A
45
14
O
B
A
80
5
O
Length of Arc & Area of sector
4
7
B
A
12
80
O
B
A
r
O
A
B
2. Radius = 21 cm
= 135
o
Minor arc of AB =
2.
Radius = 20 cm
= 120
o
Minor arc of AB =
3.
Diameter = 7 cm
Radius =
Major arc of AB =
3. Diameter = 18 cm
= 60
o
Radius =
Major arc of AB =
3.3. PERIMETER OF SHADED REGION
Example:
Minor arc of AB
=
360
90
2 x
7
22
x 7
= 11 cm
Perimeter of shaded region
= 7 + 7 + 11
= 25 cm
Example:
Minor arc of AB
=
360
80
2 3.142 12
= 16.76
Perimeter of shaded region
= 16.76 + 12 + 12
= 40.76 cm
60
o
AB subtended an angle at the centre O with
radius r.
Perimeter of shaded region = Arc AB + OB + OA
= Arc AB + 2r
B
A
135
21
O
B
A
120
O
B
A
O
B
A
O
Length of Arc & Area of sector
5
21
120
O
B
A
9
100
O
B
A
7
120
C
A
B
10
30
C
A
B
7
O
7
O
Exercise A
1.
Minor arc of AB
=
Perimeter of shaded region
=
Exercise B
1.
Minor arc of AB
=
Perimeter of shaded region
=
2. Major arc of AB =
Perimeter of shaded region
=
2. Major arc of AB =
Perimeter of shaded region
=
3.4. AREA OF A CIRCLE
Example: Use =
7
22
Radius = 7 cm
Area = ( 7 )
2
=
7
22
7 7
= 154 cm
2
Example:
Diameter = 7 cm
Radius = 3
2
1
cm
Area = (3
2
1
)
2
=
22 7 7
7 2 2
=
1
38
2
cm
2
Area of a circle = r
2
r
O
Length of Arc & Area of sector
6
14
O
21
O
3
1
2
O
O
10
O O
r
O
A
B
Exercise A
1. Radius = 14 cm
Area =
Exercise B
1. Diameter = 21 cm
Radius =
Area =
Radius = 3
2
1
cm 2.
Area =
2. Diameter = 140 mm
Radius =
Area=
3.
Radius = 10 cm
Area =
3. Diameter = 35 cm
Radius =
Area =
3.5. AREA OF SECTOR
Area of minor sector AOB
=
o
360
2
r
Length of Arc & Area of sector
7
7
120
C
A
B
Example: Using =
7
22
Radius = 7 cm
Area of minor sector AOB
=
360
90
x 7
2
=
360
90
7
22
x 7 x 7
= 38.5 cm
2
Example: Using = 3.142
Radius = 12 cm
Area of minor sector
=
360
80
3.142 x 12 x 12
= 100.544cm
2
Exercise 1.
Radius =
Area of minor sector AOB
=
Exercise B
1.
Radius =
Area of minor sector AOB
=
2.
Radius =
Area of major sector AOB
=
2.
Radius =
Area of major sector AOB
=
7
B
A
21
120
O
B
A
9
100
O
B
A
10
30
C
A
B
12
80
O
B
A
Length of Arc & Area of sector
8
3.6 AREA OF SHADED REGION
Example :
Exercise :
1.
2.
3.
7 7 7 7
B A
O
14
Area of shaded region =
- 2
=
2 2
7
7
22
2 14
7
22
= 308
7
3
3
2
2
2
2
Area of shaded region =
=
10
O
40
o
Area of shaded region =
=
Area of shaded region =
-
=
6 3
Length of Arc & Area of sector
9
Questions based on the examination format (Paper 2)
1. In the diagram below, O is the centre of the arc of the circle MNPQ and RSM is a quadrant
with centre P. MOP is a straight line.
Using
7
22
= , calculate
a) the perimeter of the whole diagram,
b) the area of the shaded region. [ 6 marks]
Answer :
a) Perimeter of the whole diagram
= 14 7
7
22
2
360
180
14
7
22
2
360
90
+ +
= 58 cm
b) Area of the shaded region =
2 2
90 22 60 22
14 - 7
360 7 360 7
=
3
1
128 cm
2
Exercise
1. In Diagram 1, JKL is arc of circle with centre M. NML is a straight line and JN = NM =
7 cm.
Using
7
22
= , calculate
a. the area of the shaded region, in cm
2
,
b. perimeter of the whole diagram, in cm.
[6 marks]
N M
L
J
K
Diagram 1
240
o
R
P
S
M
N
Q
O
14 cm
Length of Arc & Area of sector
10
2. In Diagram 2, O is the centre of the arc of the circle PQR and a quadrant STU. OSR is
a straight line.
Using
7
22
= , calculate
a. perimeter of the whole shaded region,
b. area of the whole shaded region.
[6 marks]
3. In Diagram 3, OAB, OCD and OEF are three sectors with same centre O.
Given AOF, OCB and ODE are straight lines. Using
7
22
= , calculate
a. the area of sector OCD,
b. the perimeter of the whole diagram.
[6 marks ]
U
45
o
R
P
Q
S
T
O
14 cm
7 cm
Diagram 2
Diagram 3
21 cm
40
40
7 cm
O
F
E
D
C
A
B
Length of Arc & Area of sector
11
4. Diagram 4 shows three quadrants OPQ, TQR and URS. POUS is a straight line and
TOUR is a square.
Using
7
22
= , calculate
a) the perimeter of the whole diagram,
b) the area of the whole diagram.
[6 marks ]
5. In Diagram 5, QR and TU are two arc of circles with the same centre O. QPOU and
RSTO are straight lines.
Using
7
22
= , calculate
a) ROQ ,
b) area of the shaded sector OTU,
c) perimeter of the whole diagram.
[6 marks]
Diagram 5
Q
P O
S
R
T
U
7 cm
Diagram 4
P
Q
R
S
T
U O
14 cm
Length of Arc & Area of sector
12
6. Diagram 6 shows one circle and two semicircles with diameter PQ, QR and PR
respectively. PQR is straight line.
Given that PQ =
3
1
PR and PR = 21 cm. Using
7
22
= , calculate
a) the perimeter in cm, of the shaded region,
b) the area, in cm
2
, of the whole diagram [6 marks]
7. In diagram 7, O is the centre of the circle with diameter POR = 16 cm. N is midpoint of
radius OR and PMN is a semicircle.
Using
7
22
= , calculate
(a) the perimeter ,in cm, of the shaded region.
(b) the area ,in cm
2
,of the shaded region. [6 marks]
P
Q
R
P
N
R
M
O
T
S
60
o
Diagram 6
Diagram 7
Length of Arc & Area of sector
13
8. In diagram 8, TSR is a quadrant with centre O, P are the centre of the arc of the circle
OVU and a semicircle OQR..
It is given that OT = 20 cm.
Using
7
22
= , calculate
a) the perimeter of the whole
diagram.
b) the area of the shaded region.
[ 6 marks]
9. Diagram 9 shows a sector LMN with centre
O and a semicircle OKN.
It is given that OL = 21 cm.
Using
7
22
= , calculate
a) the perimeter of the whole diagram.
b) the area of the shaded region.
[ 6 marks]
10. In diagram 10, O is a centre of circle
with diameter KON = 14 cm. KO and
ON are diameter of two semicircles.
Given that MON = 30
o
.
Using
7
22
= , calculate
a) the arc of KLM
b) the area of minor sector MON
c) the area of the shaded region.
[6 marks]
P
Q
R
V
U
O T
S
110
o
R
Diagram 8
Diagram 9
L
N
O M
K
60
o
L
N
O
M K
M
Diagram 10
Length of Arc & Area of sector
14
Past Year SPM Questions (Paper 2)
1. November 2003
Diagram 1 shows two sectors OMN and OPQ with the same centre O and a quadrant QTO with
centre Q.
OM = 14 cm and QT = 7 cm. Using
7
22
= , calculate
d) the perimeter of the whole diagram.
e) the area of the shaded region. [ 6 marks]
2. July 2004
In diagram 2, LK is an arc of a circle with centre P and PQRS is an arc of a circle with centre
O. PORL is a straight line.
PK = 21 cm and OP = 7 cm. Using
7
22
= , calculate
a) the area , in cm
2
of the shaded region
b) the perimeter in cm, of the whole diagram. [7 marks ]
P
O R
L
S
K
Q
60
Diagram 1
Diagram 2
60
o
O
P
M
N
Q
T
Length of Arc & Area of sector
15
3. November 2004
In diagram 3, PQ and RS are arcs of two different circles with O.
RQ = ST = 7 cm and PO = 14 cm.
Using
7
22
= , calculate
(a) the area, in cm
2
, of the shaded region,
(b) the perimeter , in cm, of the whole diagram. [6 marks]
4. July 2005
Diagram 4 shows two sectors, PQR and TUV, with the same centre O. The angle of each
sector is 270
o
. OSR is a semicircle with centre V. PTO is a straight line and OP = 14 cm.
Using
7
22
= , calculate
a) the perimeter, in cm, of the whole diagram,
b) the area, in cm
2
, of the shaded region. [6 marks]
P
R
L
S
Q
O
V
U
T
Diagram 3
Diagram 4
Length of Arc & Area of sector
16
5. November 2005
Diagram 5 shows two sectors ORST and OUV with the same centre O. RWO is a semicircle
with diameter RO and RO = 2OV. ROV and OUT are straight lines.
OV = 7 cm and = UOV 60
o
.
Using
7
22
= , calculate
(a) the perimeter , in cm, of the whole diagram,
(b) the area, in cm
2
, of the shaded region. [6 marks]
6. July 2006
In diagram 6, QRS and UT are arcs of two circles, centre P and S respectively.
It is given that PUS is a straight line, PQ = 21 cm and US = 14 cm. Using
7
22
= , calculate
a) the area, in cm
2
, of the shaded region
b) the perimeter in cm, of the shaded region. [6 marks]
P
R
120
o
S
Q
45
o
U
T
Diagram 6
Diagram 5
R
W
U
S
W
T
O
V
Length of Arc & Area of sector
17
7. November 2006
In Diagram 3, OMRN is a quadrant of a circle with centre O and PQ is an arc of another circle with
centre O.
OMP and ORQ are straight lines.
60 POQ = . OM = MP = 7 cm and
Using
22
,
7
= calculate
(a) the perimeter, in cm, of the whole diagram
(b) the area, in cm
2
, of the shaded region.
[6 marks]
8. June 2007
In Diagram 5, ORS is a sector of a circle and PQTU is a semicircle , with centre O respectively. OTS
and OQR are straight lines. The length of arcs PQ, QT and TU are equal .
OS = 2OU and OU = 7 cm .
[ Using
22
,
7
= ] , calculate
(a) the perimeter, in cm, of the whole diagram
(b) the area, in cm
2
, of the shaded region.
[6 marks]
Diagram 3
N
O
Q
R
M
P
60
o
Diagram 5
Q
O
S
R
T
P
60
o
U
Length of Arc & Area of sector
18
9. November 2007 Q6
Diagram 3 shows quadrant OST and semicircle PQR, both with centre O.
OS = 21 cm and OP = 14 cm.
[Use
22
,
7
= ] , calculate
(a) the area, in cm
2
, of the shaded region.
(b)the perimeter, in cm, of the whole diagram
[6 marks]
10. Jun 2008, Q6
Diagram 6 shows semicircle ABC, centre O, and a sector of a circle AEF, centre A..
AOFG is a straight line. AO = 14 cm and OF = 7 cm.
Using
22
,
7
= ] calculate
(a) the perimeter, in cm, of the coloured region,
(b) the area, in cm
2
, of the coloured region.
[6 marks]
60
o
O
S
R
Q
T
P
Diagram 3
O
B
F
A
C
30
o
E
B
Length of Arc & Area of sector
19
11. Nov 2008, Q7
In diagram 7, PQ and RS are arc of two different circles which have the same centre O. OPR is a
straight line.
It is given that
o o
60 ROS and 36 POQ = = .
Using
22
,
7
= calculate
(a) the perimeter, in cm, of the sector ORS,
(b) the area, in cm
2
, of the coloured region.
[6 marks]
R P
S
O
Q
21 cm
14 cm
Diagram 7
Length of Arc & Area of sector
20
ANSWERS
Chapter 3 Arc Length and Area of Sector
Exercise 3.1
Exercise A
1 88 2
7
4
100 cm
3
7
6
62 cm
Exercise B
1 44 2 440 3 110
Exercise 3.2
Exercise A
1 11 cm 2 49.5 cm 3 5.5.cm
Exercise B
1 6.982 cm 2 41.89 cm 3 9.426 cm
Exercise 3.3
Exercise A
1 86 2
3
1
43 cm
Exercise B
1 33.71 2 77.60
Exercise 3.4
Exercise A
1 616 2
2
1
38 cm
2
3
7
2
314 cm
2
Exercise B
1 346.5 cm
2
2 15400 mm
2
3 962.5 cm
2
Exercise 3.5
Exercise A
1 462 cm
2
2
3
2
102 cm
2
Exercise B
1 70.695 cm
2
2 288.02 cm
2
Exercise 3.6
1
7
6
84 cm
2
2
7
1
25 cm
2
3
63
50
200 cm
2
Questions According to Examination Format
1a 115.5 cm
2
1b 47.23 cm
2a 50 cm 2b 115.5 cm
2
3a 171.11 cm
2
3b 109.78 cm
4a 72 cm 4b 280 cm
2
5a 45
0
5b 57.75 cm
2
5c 55.5 cm
6a 66 cm 6b 269.5 cm
2
7a
21
16
72 cm
7b
21
1
111 cm
2
8a
7
6
82 cm
8b
63
16
218 cm
2
Length of Arc & Area of sector
21
9a 152 cm 9b 981.75 cm
2
10a
3
1
18 cm
10
b
6
5
12 cm
2
10c
3
2
102 cm
2
SPM Past Years Questions
SPM2003
a
53.67 cm
b
115.5 cm
2
SPM2004J
a
192.5 cm
2
b
72 cm
SPM2004
a
248.5 cm
2
b
89.67 cm
SPM2005J
a
102 cm
b
423.5 cm
2
SPM2005
a
3
2
64 cm
b
154 cm
2
SPM 2006J
a
385 cm
2
b
97 cm
SPM 2006 a
1
46
3
cm
b
5
89
6
cm
2
SPM 2007J
a
3
1
57 cm
b
3
1
128 cm
2
SPM 2007
a 243.83 cm
2
b 104.33
SPM 2008J
a 83 b
2
1
192
SPM 2008
A 64 b
5
2
169
