9 Coding Decoding
9 Coding Decoding
in
The term Coding-Decoding primarily relates with
message sent in secret form which can not be
understood by others easily. Coding, therefore,
means rule or method used to hide the actual
meaning of a word or group of words and
decoding means the method of making out the
actual message that is disguised in coding.
Category I
In this category of questions, a word is coded
by simplychanging the order of letters of the
word.
EXAMPLES
Ex.1 In a code language if TRAINS is coded as
RTIASN, how PISTOL will be coded in the same
language ?
(A) SITLOP (B) IPSTLO
(C) SIPTLO (D) IPTSLO
Sol. If we compare the basic word {TRAINS} with
the coded word {RTIASN}, we would see that
the letters used in the word are same as in the
basic word but their order of placement has been
changed. Letter T at first position of basic word
has been placed at second position in the coded
word & letter R at second position has been
placed in the first position.
It means that in this question, letters of the basic
word have been interchanged i.e., first letter with
second, third with the fourth and so on. And
thus we get the coded word. In this code
language word, PISTOL will be coded as IPTSLO.
Hence, option (D) is our answer.
Category II
In this category of questions, letters of a word
are substituted for either a new letter or a numeric.
And the same substitution helps to find out the
coding of the word in questions. This
substitution of letters may either be direct or in
a jumbled up fashion.
(A) Direct Substitution
Ex.2 In a code language if SUGAR is coded as PKLTN
and TEA is coded as QGT, how
would you code GREAT in the same code
language ?
(A) ENGTP (B) LNGTK
(C) LNGTQ (D) LNGQT
Sol.
SUGAR PKLTN
Basic Word Coded Word
TEA QGT
Basic Word Coded Word
Here we see that S is substituted for P, U for K,
G for L, Afor T & R for N. And in the word TEA.
T is substituted for Q, E for G and A for T. Now
we find that coding for letter A in SUGAR is T
and coding for letter A in TEA is also T. This
implies that substitution of letter in coded word
takes place in the same order as in basic word.
In simple words, in the word SUGAR letter S in
the basic word has been substituted for a new
letter and coded at first place in the coded word,
U at the second place, G at the third place and
so on.
When letters of a word are substituted for the
new letters and are placed in the coded word
at the same position as in the basic word then
this method of substitution is called direct
substituion.
Therefore, code for GREAT will be LNGTQ.
Hence, option (C) will be our answer.
CHAPTER
CODING-DECODING
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Ex.3 In a code language if TEARS is coded as VWXYZ
and MAN is coded as 123 then how would you
code RESENTMENT in that language ?
(A) YWZW3V1W3Y (B) YWZ3WV1W3Y
(C) YWZW3V1WY3 (D) YWZW3V1W3V
Sol. This questions is of direct substitution method.
Letters of the basic words are substituted as
under.
Basic Word : T E A R S
V W X Y Z Coded Word :
Basic Word : M A N
1 2 3 Coded Word :
Therefore, the coding for the word
RESENTMENT will be YWZW3V1W3V. Hence,
option (D) is our answer.
Ex.4 If TEARS is coded as VWXYZ, then how would
you code BEAS in that language ?
(A) YWXZ (B) VWXZ
(C) MWXZ (D) WVZY
Sol.
Basic Word : T E A R S
V W X Y Z Coded Word :
Using the same coding pattern for BEAS, we get
W for E, X for A & Z for S but code for B can
not be determined as it is absent in the basic
word. Now we shall take the help of options. In
option (A) we get W, X, Z for E, A & S
respectively which is correct but coding for B
can not be Y as it is the coe for R. Likewise in
option (B). V can not be coded for B as it is the
code for T. In option (C) we see that code for B
is M which seems to be correct as it has not
been used as a code for any of the letters in
basic word. Hence, code for BEAS would be
MWXZ. Therefore option (C) is our answer.
(B) Substitution in mixed up fashion
Rule applied in this type of questions follows
the same pattern as used in type (A) Direct
substitution but with slight modification. Here
also in this type each letter of basic word is
substituted for a new letter but it may not
necessarily be placed in the same position in
coded word as it occupies in the basic word. In
simple words, it implies that coded letter at first
position in basic word does not necessarily
occupy the first position in the coded word. It
can be placed at any place in the coded word.
Ex.5 In a code language, if BEAT is coded as 5642
and SWEET is coded as 66912, how would you
code TEASE ?
(A) 96162 (B) 56264
(C) 96625 (D) 55296
Sol.
BEAT 5 6 4 2
Basic Word Coded Word
S WE E T 6 6 9 1 2
Basic Word Coded Word
Coding pattern used in the above question
substitution for the letters has not been used
directly. Code for E seems to be 6 in BEAT
whereas it carries code 9 and 1 in the word
SWEET which apparently appears to be incorrect
because in substitution method same letter carries
same code even if it appears in different word.
Now in word SWEET letter E appears twice and
in its coding numeric 6 appears twice. Thus it is
confirmed that code for E is 6. It may be
concluded from the coding pattern used here
that letters of the words BEAT and SWEET have
been substituted for numeric in jumbled up form.
Word BEAT and SWEET share common letters E
and T and their coding share common numeric 6
and 2. Therefore, E is coded as 6 and T is coded
as 2. It means that the code for TEASE will
definitely have 6 6 & 2 for E, E and T. Code for
A and S has yet to be found out.
Now from word BEAT and SWEET again, we see
that code for A in word BEAT should be either
5 or 4 (leaving 6 & 2 for E and T). Similarily, code
for S should be either 9 or 1 (leaving 6 & 2 for
E and T). We shall not take the help of options
to answer the code for TEASE.
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(A) It cannot be the code for TEASE as code for A
(5 or 4) is not available.
(B) It cannot be the code for TEASE as code for S
(9 or 1) is not available.
(C) It may be the code for TEASE as besides 662
code for EE and T, we get 5 probable code for A
and 9 probable code for S. Hence, option (C) is
our answer.
Category III
In this category, rule of coding is of entirely
different type from what has been discussed so
far in category I and II. IN this type, word is
coded, replacing each letter of the word by a
new word from the alphabets (A ...... Z) on the
basis of a particular method. It has been explained
in the following examples -
Ex.6 If TEMPLE is coded as VHQURL, how would
you code CHURCH ?
(A) EKYWIO (B) EKUWIO
(C) EKYWIN (D) EKYWJO
Sol.
Basic Word Coded Word
TEMPLE V HQ UR L
Code for T is V, for E it is H, for M it is Q. It may
be noticed from here that letters of TEMPLE
have been replaced by new letters from the
alphabets.
There is a gap of one letter between T and V, gap
of two letters between E and H, gap of three
letters between M & Q and so on in the alphabets.
Therefore, coding for CHURCH is
C H U R C H
+1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6
E K Y W I O
Hence (A) is our answer.
Ex.7 If TEMPLE is coded as VHQNIA, how would
you code CHURCH ?
(A) EKYWI (B) EKYQZD
(C) EKYPZD (D) EKYQWD
Sol. Coding for TEMPLE is
T E M P L E
+1 +2 +3 1 2 3
V H Q N I A
Here, the first half of the letters of the word
TEMPLE have been replaced with new letters
from the alphabets with a gap of 1, 2 & 3 letters
respectively in forward direction, and second half
of the letters of the word have been replaced by
new letters from the alphabets with a gap of 1,
2 and 3 in backward direction. Hence, code for
word CHURCH would be EKYPZD. Hence, (C) is
our answer.
Directions : (Ex. 8 to 10)
The number in each question below is to be codified in
the following code :
Digit 7 2 1 5 3 9 8 6 4
Letter W L M S I N D J B
Ex.8 184632
(A) MDJBSI (B) MDJBIL
(C) MDJBWL (D) MDBJIL
Sol. As given 1 is coded as M, 8 as D, 4 as B, 6 as
J, 3 as I and 2 as L. So, 184632 is coded as
MDBJIL.
Ex.9 879341
(A) DWNIBS (B) DWNBIM
(C) DWNIBM (D) NDWBIM
Sol. As given 8 is coded as D, 7 as W, 9 as N, 3 as
I, 4 as B and 1 as M. So, 879341 is coded as
DWNIBM.
Ex.10 64928
(A) JBNLD (B) JBLND
(C) BJNLD (D) DBNLS
Sol. As given , 6 is coded as J, 4 as B, 9 as N, 2 as
L and 8 as D. So, 64928 is coded as JBNLD.
Ex.11 In a certain code, 15789 is written as AXBTC,
2346 is written as MPDU. How is 23549 written
in that code ?
(A) MPXDT (B) MPADC
(C) MPXCD (D) MPXDC
Sol. The numbers are coded as shown :
1 5 7 8 9 2 3 4 6
A X B T C M P D U
i.e., 2 as M, 3 as P, 5 as X, 4 as D and 9 as C.
So, 23549 is coded as MPXDC.
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Ex.12 In a certain code, 15789 is written as XTZAL and
2346 is written as NPSU. How is 23549 written in
that code ?
(A) NPTUL (B) PNTSL
(C) NPTSL (D) NBTSL
Sol. The numbers are coded as shown :
1 5 7 8 9 2 3 4 6
X T Z A L N P S U
i.e., 2 as N, 3 as P, 5 as T, 4 as S and 9 as L. So,
23549 is coded as NPTSL.
Ex.13 In a certain code, 33946 is coded as PPOAL and
1987 is coded as ROSE. How is 94678 coded in
that code ?
(A) ROSEP (B) OALES
(C) POALE (D) OSEPL
Sol. The numbers are coded as shown :
3 9 4 6 1 8 7
P O A L R S E
i.e., 9 as O, 4 as A, 6 as L, 7 as E and 8 as S. So,
94678 is coded as OALES.
Ex.14 If in a certain language, 943 is coded as BED and
12448 is coded as SWEET, how is 492311 coded
in that language ?
(A) EDSWBS (B) TSWBDD
(C) DSWTEE (D) EBWDSS
Sol. The number are coded as shown :
9 4 3 1 2 8
B E D S W T
i.e., 4 as E, 9 as B, 2 as W, 3 as D and 1 as S,
So, 492311 is coded as EBWDSS.
Ex.15 If MOBILITY is coded as 46293927, then
EXAMINATION is coded as
(A) 45038401854 (B) 56149512965
(C) 57159413955 (D) 67250623076
Sol. Let A= 1, B = 2, C = 3,..., X = 24, Y = 25, Z = 26.
Then, M = 13 = 1 + 3 = 4; O = 15 = 1 + 5 = 6;
L = 12 = 1 + 2 = 3; T = 20 = 2 + 0 = 2;
Y = 25 = 2 + 5 = 7.
So, MOBILITY = 46293927.
Similarly, EXAMINATION = 56149512965.
Ex.16 If MASTER is coded as 9 5 2 1 1 4
, then POWDER
will be coded as
(A) 9 43 5 6 7
(B) 9 3 4 5 6 7
(C) 9 45 5 6 7
(D) 9 4 5 5 6 7