User experience design

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User experience design
See also: Experience design
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User experience design
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[1]
User experience design (UXD or UED) is the process of enhancing customer satisfaction and loyalty by improving
the usability, ease of use, and pleasure provided in the interaction between the customer and the product. User
experience design encompasses traditional human-computer interaction (HCI) design, and extends it by addressing
all aspects of a product or service as perceived by users. User experience is any aspect of a person's interaction with
a given IT system, including the interface, graphics, industrial design, physical interaction, and the manual.
History
The field of user experience design has roots in human factors and ergonomics, a field that, since the late 1940s, has
focused on the interaction between human users, machines, and the contextual environments to design systems that
address the user's experience.
[2]
With the proliferation of workplace computers in the early 1990s, user experience
became an important concern for designers. It was Donald Norman, a user experience architect, who coined and
brought the term user experience to wider knowledge.
[3]
The term also has a more recent connection to user-centered
design, human-computer interaction, and also incorporates elements from similar user-centered design fields.
Elements of user experience design
With the rise of the information age, many generalizations of the components have been based on the building blocks
of the user experience design of digital systems. User experience design is primarily defined as encompassing
broader topicsWikipedia:Please clarify that include talk of user's emotions, the appeal of a UI, and visual design.
Visual design
Visual design, also commonly known as graphic design, communication design, or visual communication, represents
the aesthetics or look-and-feel of the front end of any user interface. Graphic treatment of interface elements is often
perceived as the visual design. The purpose of visual design is to use visual elements like colors, images, and
symbols to convey a message to its audience. Fundamentals of Gestalt psychology and visual perception give a
cognitive perspective on how to create effective visual communication.
[4]
User experience design
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Information architecture
Information architecture is the art and science of structuring and organizing the information in products and services,
supporting usability and findability. More basic concepts that are attached with information architecture are
described below.
Information
In the context of information architecture, information is separate from knowledge and data, but lies indefinitely in
the middle. It is information of all shapes and sizes: websites, documents, software applications, images, and more. It
is also concerned with metadata: terms used to describe and represent content objects such as documents, people,
process, and organizations.
Structuring, organization, and labeling
Structuring is reducing information to its basic building units and then relating them to each other. Organization
involves grouping these units in a distinctive and meaningful manner. Labeling means using appropriate wording to
support easy navigation and findability.
Finding and managing
Findability is the most critical success factor for information architecture. If users are not able to find required
information without browsing, searching or asking, then the findability of the information architecture fails.
Navigation needs to be clearly conveyed to ease finding of the contents.
Interaction design
There are many key factors to understanding interaction design and how it can enable a pleasurable end user
experience. It is well recognized Wikipedia:Please clarify that building great user experience requires interaction
design to play a pivotal role in helping define what works best for the users. High demand for improved user
experiences and strong focus on the end-users have made Interaction Designers critical in conceptualizing design
that matches user expectations and standards of latest UI patterns and components. While working, Interaction
Designers take several things in consideration. A few of them are:
Create the layout of the interface
Define Interaction patterns best suited in the context
Incorporate user needs collected during User Research, into the designs
Features and Information that are important to the user
Interface behavior like drag-drop, selections, mouse over actions, and so on
Effectively communicate strengths of the system
Make the interface intuitive by building affordances
Maintain consistency throughout the system
In the last few years, the role of interaction designer has shifted from being just focused on specifying UI
components and communicating them to the engineers to a situation now where designers have more freedom to
design contextual interfaces which are based on helping meet the user needs. Therefore, User Experience Design
evolved into a multidisciplinary design branch that involves multiple technical aspects from motion graphics design
and animation to programming.
User experience design
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Usability
Usability is the extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with
effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use.
[5]
Usability is attached with all tools used by humans and is extended to both digital and non-digital devices. Thus it is
a subset of user experience but not wholly contained. The section of usability that intersects with user experience
design is related to humans ability to use a system or application. Good usability is essential to a positive user
experience but does not alone guarantee it.
Accessibility
Accessibility of a system describes its ease of reach, use and understanding. In terms of user experience design it can
also be related to the overall comprehensibility of the information and features. It contributes to shorten the learning
curve attached with the system. Accessibility in many contexts can be related to the ease of use for people with
disabilities and comes under Usability.
Human-computer interaction
Human-computer interaction is concerned with the design, evaluation and implementation of interactive computing
systems for human use and with the study of major phenomena surrounding them.
[6]
Human-Computer Interaction is the main contributor to user experience design because of its emphasis on human
performance rather than mere usability. It provides key research findings which inform the improvement of systems
for the people. HCI extends its study towards more integrated interactions, such as tangible interactions, which is
generally not covered in the practice of user experience. User experience cannot be manufactured or designed; it has
to be incorporated in the design. Understanding the user's emotional quotient plays a key role while designing User
Experience. The first step while designing the user experience is determining the reason a visitor will be visiting the
website or use the application in question. Then the user experience can be designed accordingly.
Design
User experience design incorporates most or all of the above disciplines to positively impact the overall experience a
person has with a particular interactive system, and its provider. User experience design most frequently defines a
sequence of interactions between a user (individual person) and a system, virtual or physical, designed to meet or
support user needs and goals, primarily, while also satisfying systems requirements and organizational objectives.
Typical outputs include:
Site Audit (usability study of existing assets)
Flows and Navigation Maps
User stories or Scenarios
User segmentations and Persona (Fictitious users to act out the scenarios)
Site Maps and Content Inventory
Wireframes (screen blueprints or storyboards)
Prototypes (For interactive or in-the-mind simulation)
Written specifications (describing the behavior or design)
Graphic mockups (Precise visual of the expected end result)
User experience design
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Designers
As with the fields mentioned above, user experience design is a highly multi-disciplinary field, incorporating aspects
of psychology, anthropology, architecture, sociology, computer science, graphic design, industrial design and
cognitive science. Depending on the purpose of the product, UX may also involve content design disciplines such as
communication design, instructional design, or game design. The subject matter of the content may also warrant
collaboration with a subject-matter expert (SME) on planning the UX from various backgrounds in business,
government, or private groups. More recently, content strategy has come to represent a sub-field of UX.
Benefits
User experience design is integrated into software development and other forms of application development to
inform feature requirements and interaction plans based upon the user's goals. New introduction of software must
keep in mind the dynamic pace of technology advancement and the need for change. The benefits associated with
integration of these design principles include:
Avoiding unnecessary product features
Simplifying design documentation and customer-facing technical publications
Improving the usability of the system and therefore its acceptance by customers
Expediting design and development through detailed and properly conceived guidelines
Incorporating business and marketing goals while protecting the user's freedom of choice
Criticism
The discipline of user experience design, though still in its infancy and without a universally recognized definition,
remains subject to criticism. Critics of user experience design argue that:
User Experience Design is a buzzword for an existing best practice, therefore bringing no additional value
A user experience cannot be fully "designed", therefore questioning the validity of the entire practice
A user experience cannot be fully measured, therefore questioning the ROI of the practice
References
[1] http:/ / en. wikipedia. org/ w/ index. php?title=Template:Software_development_process& action=edit
[2] Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. HFES History.
[3] uxdesign, "UX Design Defined" (http:/ / uxdesign.com/ ux-defined), 16/08/2010
[4] Visual Design, (http:/ / webstyleguide.com/ wsg3/ 7-page-design/ 3-visual-design. html), The gestalt of visual design.
[5] International standards for HCI and usability, (http:/ / www. usabilitynet. org/ tools/ r_international. htm#9241-11), ISO 9241-11: Guidance
on Usability (1998)
[6] Definition of HCI, (http:/ / old. sigchi.org/ cdg/ cdg2.html#2_1), CHAPTER 2: Human-Computer Interaction,ACM SIGCHI Curricula for
Human-Computer Interaction
Further reading
Norman, Donald. The Design of Everyday Things. ISBN9780465067107.
Cooper, Alan. The Inmates Are Running the Asylum: Why High-Tech Products Drive Us Crazy and How to
Restore the Sanity. ISBN9780672316494.
Buxton, Bill. Sketching User Experiences: Getting the Design Right and the Right Design. ISBN9780123740373.
Cooper, Alan. About Face 3: The Essentials of Interaction Design. ISBN9780470084113.
Tidwell, Jenifer. Designing Interfaces. ISBN9781449379704.
Moser, Christian. User Experience Design: Mit erlebniszentrierter Softwareentwicklung zu Produkten, die
begeistern. ISBN9783642133626.
Moggridge, Bill. Designing Interactions. ISBN9780262134743.
Article Sources and Contributors
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Article Sources and Contributors
User experience design Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=615400295 Contributors: Abhi9av, Aeusoes1, Alainr345, Alecrobertson, Alfpooh, AmirBehzad, Andrec79,
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