Suggested Solution for Applied Mathematics 2009 (I) mini forum [last update: 10-April-2009 email: ykng2007@hotmail.

com]

Paper I
r r r r r r
r r 3 2. (a) rT = (0i + 0 j ) + t[(120 sin 30 o )i + (120 cos 30 o ) j + 0k ]
1. (a) To reduce into a couple only, ∑ Fi = 0 r r
i =1 = 60ti + 60 3 tj
r r r r r
F3 = − F1 − F2 = 3 j + k r r r 1 r r r
rH = (10i + 0 j ) + (t − )[0i + (200 cos 30 o ) j + (200 sin 30 o )k ]
r r r 4
(b) For C lies on x-y-plane, OC = xi + yj + 0k
r 1 r 1 r
= 10i + 100 3 (t − ) j + 100(t − )k
Under equilibrium, 4 4
3 r r r r r r r (b) Let L(t ) be the distance between the train and the helicopter at time t.
* ∑ Fi = 0 , F3 = − F1 − F2 = 3 j + k r r
i =1 [ L (t )] 2 =| rH − rT | 2
r r r
r r r r =| (10 − 60t )i + (40 3t − 25 3 ) j + (100t − 25)k | 2
* 0 = OA × F1 + OB × F2 + OC × F3
= (60 t − 10) 2 + (40 3t − 25 3 ) 2 + (100t − 25) 2
r r r r r r r r r
i j k i j k i j k d [ L(t )] 2
= 120(60t − 10) + 80 3 (40 3t − 25 3 ) + 200(100t − 25)
= 0 −3 5 + 2 −4 0 + x y 0 dt
1 1 − 2 −1 − 4 1 0 3 1
61
r r r r r r r r r = 0 gives t = ≈ 0.332 (3 sign. fig.)
= (i + 5 j + 3k ) + (−4i − 2 j − 12k ) + ( yi − xj + 3 xk ) 184
r r r
= (−3 + y )i + (3 − x) j + (−9 + 3x)k d 2 [ L (t )] 2
= 120 × 60 + 80 3 × 40 3 + 20000 > 0
∴ x= y =3 dt 2
r r ∴ min distance occurs when t ≈ 0.332 (3 sign. fig.)
i.e. OC = 3i + 3 j

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Suggested Solution for Applied Mathematics 2009 (I) mini forum [last update: 10-April-2009 email: [email protected]]

3. (a) Given r (0) = 2 , θ(0) = 0 , r (0)θ& (0) = V . a/2 1

5. (a) * ∠BAD = cos −1 = cos −1
Q there is no net force along transverse component, 17 a / 2 17

1 d 2& * Let θ be the acute angle between the force P and the horizontal.
∴ (r θ) = 0 , r 2 (t )θ& (t ) = C
r dt 1 4
Then sin θ = cos ∠BAD = , cos θ = .
At t = 0 , C = r (0)[r (0)θ& (0)] = 2V 17 17
2V 2V V * For slipping,
∴ θ& = 2 = =
r (2 cos θ) 2
2 cos 2 θ P cos θ ≥ F1 θ
B A
T π/ 2 = µR1
(b) ∫0 Vdt = ∫
0
2 cos 2 θdθ , where T is the time for P to arrive O.
= µ(W + P sin θ)
P

G
π/2  1 
π/ 2
π P(cos θ − µ sin θ) ≥ µW
VT = ∫ (1 + cos 2θ)dθ = θ + sin 2θ = R1
0
 2 0 2 µW
P≥ F1
cos θ − µ sin θ C M D
π
i.e. T= .
2V 17µW W θ
P≥
4−µ B A
4. (a) I O = moment of inertia of the rod through O * For tilting about D, P
Ma 2
4 AD × P ≥ DM × W
= + M (a) 2 = Ma 2 G
3 3 17 a a W R2
P ≥ ×W , P≥
(b) Let x be the displacement of B from its starting point towards O. 2 2 17 F2
C M D
Then, x = 4a − 2 × (2a cos θ) and hence x& = 4aθ& sin θ (i) For tilting before slipping,
By conservation of energy of the whole system, W W
P=
1 &2 1 M 2 17
Mg (a sin θ) = I 0 θ + ( ) x&
2 2 8 17µW
(ii) For slipping before tilting, P=
1 4 M 4−µ
= ( Ma 2 )θ& 2 + (16a 2 θ& 2 sin 2 θ)
2 3 16 (b) For slipping before tilting,
3 g sin θ 17µW W 2
i.e. θ& 2 = ≤ , i.e. 0<µ≤
a (2 + 3 sin 2 θ) 4−µ 17 9
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Suggested Solution for Applied Mathematics 2009 (I) mini forum [last update: 10-April-2009 email: [email protected]]

6. (a) (b) From <1>, a1 = g sin 60 o + a cos 60 o

a
14 3 g
=
27
R C
a1 a
1 2
Apply “ s = ut + at ” along CA relative to the prism,
2
mg
o R N
60 1
l = 0(t ) + a1t 2 ,
B 2
A
6mg 2l 2l × 27 l
5
t= = =34 .
a1 14 3 g 14 g
Let a be the acceleration of the prism,
a1 be the acceleration of the particle relative to the prism.
For the particle,
Resolving forces along and ⊥ CA:

mg sin 60 o = m(a1 − a cos 60 o ) − −− <1>


mg cos 60 o − R = m(a sin 60 o ) − −− < 2 >

For the prism,

Resolving forces along horizontal,
R cos 30 o = 6ma −−− <3>
Eliminate R from <2> and <3>:
6ma
mg cos 60 o − = m(a sin 60 o )
cos 30 o

3g 3a 3g
− 6a = , i.e. a=
4 4 27

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Suggested Solution for Applied Mathematics 2009 (I) mini forum [last update: 10-April-2009 email: [email protected]]

7. (a) (i) Set positive x and positive y axes be the direction of pointing right (ii) Noting that y& t =T = u sin θ − gT = −u sin θ and x& t =T = u cos θ
and vertical upward with origin at O. So, the rebounding velocities at P1 in the direction of
Equation of motion of the ball: along OA is u cos θ ;

 x = (u cos θ)t ⊥ OA is eu sin θ .


 1 2 Set positive X and positive Y axes be the direction of pointing right
 y = (u sin θ)t − 2 gt
 and vertical upward with origin at P1 .
Equation of motion of P1 :
 X = (u cos θ)t

 x = L − v1t  1 2
 Y = (eu sin θ)t − 2 gt
y = 0 
Let the ball and P1 meet at time T1 . Let T2 be the time of flight between the 2nd and 3rd impact.
Let R 2 be the horizontal range upon 2nd rebound.
 L − v1T1 = (u cos θ)T1

At t = T ,  1 2 1 2eu sin θ
0 = (u sin θ)T1 − 2 gT1 Then, 0 =Y = (eu sin θ)T2 − gT2 2 , T2 =
 t =T2 2 g

 L = (u cos θ + v1 )T1 eu 2 sin 2θ

 R2 = X t =T2
=
 2u sin θ g
T1 = g
 For the 2nd hit lies within OA,
2u sin θ R1 + R 2 ≤ L
∴ L = (u cos θ + v1 )
g u 2 sin 2θ + eu 2 sin 2θ ≤ gL
gL = u 2 (2 sin θ cos θ) + 2uv1 sin θ = u 2 sin 2θ + 2uv1 sin θ (by (a)(i))
2 2
= u sin 2θ + 2uv1 sin θ ∴ eu sin 2θ ≤ 2uv1 sin θ
Furthermore, v1
st
i.e. 0 ≤ e cos θ ≤ ( e cos θ ≥ 0 is trivial
R1 = horizontal distance travel upon the 1 rebound u

u 2 sin 2θ π
= x t =T = (u cos θ)T1 = as e ≥ 0 , 0 ≤ θ ≤ )
1 g 2

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Suggested Solution for Applied Mathematics 2009 (I) mini forum [last update: 10-April-2009 email: [email protected]]

(b) * u 2 sin 120 o + 2uv1 sin 60 o = gL (by (a)(i)) 8. (a) Let T1 and T2 be the tensions of the spring and the string at time t.
3u 2 + 2 3uv1 = 2 gL B: m&x& = T2 − T1 = T2 − kx --- <1>

2 gL − 3u 2 C: m&x& = mg − T2 --- <2>

i.e. v1 =
2 3u (i) <1> + <2>: 2m&x& = mg − kx
* For hitting at P2 for the 2nd impact, k  mg 
&x& = − x−  ---<3>
R1 + R 2 + v 2 (T1 + T2 ) = L 2m  k 

u 2 sin 2θ eu 2 sin 2θ 2(1 + e)u sin θ 2m

+ + v2 =L ∴ B performs SHM with period = 2π .
g g g k

2u 2 2u mg k k
+ v2 = gL (ii) From <3>, we have x − = A cos t + B sin t
3 3 k 2m 2m

3 gL − 2u 2 At t = 0 , x(0) = 0 and x& (0) = 0 ,

v2 =
2u mg
so, A=− and B = 0.
k

mg k
i.e. x= (1 − cos t)
k 2m

k
(iii) Note T1 = kx = mg (1 − cos t ) ≤ 2mg
2m
As A remains stationary, max T1 ≤ µ(3mg )
2mg ≤ µ(3mg )

2
i.e. µ≥ .
3

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Suggested Solution for Applied Mathematics 2009 (I) mini forum [last update: 10-April-2009 email: [email protected]]

(b) Let y be the displacement of A from its initial position towards to the pulley. 9. (a) Let m be the mass of sphere A (as well as sphere B).
(i) For A will start to move, Let u be the initial speed of A.
T1 = µ(3mg ) The velocities of A and B after impact are as shown in the figure:

k A B A B
mg (1 − cos t ) = 3µmg
2m v1
u β
k 1 1
cos t=− (as µ = ) α
2m 2 2
u1 u2
2π 2m
i.e. t=
3 k Just before impact Just after impact

(ii) Equation of motion of

1 3mg By conservation of linear momentum

A: 3m&y& = T1 − × (3mg ) = k ( x − y ) − --- <4>
2 2 ⊥ the line joining of centres: v1 = u sin α
B: m&x& = T2 − T1 = T2 − k ( x − y ) --- <5> along the line joining of centres: m(u cos α) = mu1 + mu 2
C: m&x& = mg − T2 --- <6> By Newton’s law of restitution: −e(u cos α − 0) = u1 − u 2
* <5> + <6>: 2m&x& = mg − k ( x − y ) On solving the last 2 equations, we have

g k (1 − e)u cos α (1 + e)u cos α

&x& = − ( x − y) --- <#> u1 = , u2 = --- <*>
2 2m 2 2

k g v1 u sin α 2 tan α
* <4>: &y& = ( x − y) − --- <##> (i) tan β = = =
3m 2 u1 (1 − e)u cos α / 2 1− e
* <#> – <##> and noting that l = x − y , we have tan β − tan α
(ii) γ = β − α , tan γ = tan(β − α) =
1 + tan β tan α
&l& = −( k + k )l + g
2m 3m 2 tan α
− tan α
(1 + e) tan α
= 1− e =
&l& + 5k l = g 2 tan α 2
i.e.
6m 1+ × tan α (1 − e) + 2 tan α
1− e
(iii) When e = 1 , u1 = 0 and hence A and B moves in ⊥ direction
(refer to the figure above.)
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Suggested Solution for Applied Mathematics 2009 (I) mini forum [last update: 10-April-2009 email: [email protected]]

(b) (i) By (a)(iii), we notice that when two spheres are smooth and identical 10. (a) moment of inertia of the whole system about H ( I H )
with e = 1 , and one of the spheres is initially at rest, then the other = MI of four thin rod (each of mass m) about H + MI of ring about H
sphere must be move in the direction perpendicular to the line of 1 1 1
= ma 2 + 2 × [ ma 2 + m( a 2 + a 2 ) 2 ] + [ ma 2 + m(2a) 2 ] + m(2a ) 2
centres upon impact, provided that the direction of that sphere just 3 3 3
before impact does not lie on the line joining of centres (i.e. α ≠ 0 ) 40ma 2
=
3
Thus, the centre of A immediately before impact with C must line of (b) (i) By conservation of energy,
the line PQ. − mg (2a cos α) − 4mg (a cos α)
(ii) 1
= I H θ& 2 − mg (2a cos θ) − 4mg (a cos θ)
2a 2
θ (by setting zero potential at level H)
P Q
8a − 2 a 1 40ma 2 & 2
× θ = −6mga(cos α − cos θ)
2 3

−1 2a 1 i.e. 10aθ& 2 = 9 g (cos θ − cos α)

θ = cos = cos −1 = 70.53 o (correct to 4 sign. fig.)
8a − 2 a 3 Differentiate the above result with respect to t,
(iii) Refer to part (a), the energy loss between sphere A and B is 20aθ& &θ& = −9 gθ& sin θ

1 1 1 i.e. 20a&θ& = −9 g sin θ

mu 2 − m(u1 2 + v1 2 ) − mu 2 2
2 2 2

1 1 1
= mu 2 − m(0 + u 2 sin 2 α) − m(u 2 cos 2 α) (Q e = 1 )
2 2 2
=0
So, under elastic collision, there is no energy loss between two
smooth and identical spheres.
Therefore, the energy loss of the three spheres of the 3 spheres is zero
after the two impacts.

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Suggested Solution for Applied Mathematics 2009 (I) mini forum [last update: 10-April-2009 email: [email protected]]

(ii) (c) Note that θ ≤ α , so sin θ ≤ sin α and cos θ ≥ cos α .

H
F mg sin θ 5
Now = ×
R 10 mg (14 cos θ − 9 cos α)
θ
sin θ
=
F 2(14 cos θ − 9 cos α)
r R
eθ sin α
≤
2(14 cos α − 9 cos α)
r
er 1
= tan α
mg 10
Let F and R be the friction and normal reaction of the ring. ≤µ for all θ .
r
Resolving forces along e r : ∴ F ≤ µR for all θ
mg cos θ − R = m(−2aθ ) &2
1
i.e. the ring will never slip if µ ≥ tan α .
∴ R = mg cos θ + 2maθ& 2 10

9g
= mg cos θ + 2m × (cos θ − cos α)
10

mg
=(14 cos θ − 9 cos α )
5
r
Resolving forces along e θ :
F − mg sin θ = m(2a&θ&)
F = mg sin θ + m(2a&θ&)

−9 g sin θ
= mg sin θ + 2m ×
20

mg sin θ
=
10

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Suggested Solution for Applied Mathematics 2009 (I) mini forum [last update: 10-April-2009 email: [email protected]]

11. (a) Resolving forces along (iii) Consider the moment about G: G
N N1
mv 2 PG × F1 cos α = PG × N 1 sin α
horizontal: N sin θ = mg
r 90 o − θ F1 α
= tan α F1
vertical: N cos θ = mg N1
r
v2 From (b)(i), P
Divides two equations, tan θ =
gr mg
F1
tan θ −
<1> N1 u2
i.e. v = gr tan θ : =
N1 <2> F1 gr
1+ tan θ
F1 N1
 u2
 N 1 sin θ − F1 cos θ = m − −− <1> 90 o − θ
(b) (i)  r tan θ − tan α
 N cos θ + F sin θ = mg − −− < 2 > r ∴ u = gr × = gr tan(θ − α)
 1 1 1 + tan α tan θ

mu 2 mg (c) (i) Put g = 10 , r = 40 , θ = 15 o , α = 5 o

F1 = mg sin θ − cos θ
r
2 2
u = gr tan(θ − α) = 10 × 40 tan(15 o − 5 o ) = 8.40 o (3 sign. fig.)
v mu gr
= mg −
v4 + g 2r 2 r v4 + g 2r 2 (ii) Put g = 10 , r = 40 , θ = 15 o , α = −5 o
mg (v 2 − u 2 )
= u = gr tan(θ − α) = 10 × 40 tan(15 o + 5 o ) = 12.1o (3 sign. fig.)
v4 + g 2r 2
(ii) Suppose the converse that the cyclist is leaning inwards, with PG
makes an angle β ( ≥ 0 ) with the normal reaction, as shown in the
figure: --- End of Solutions of Paper I ---
N1
Net moment about G G
o
= PG ( N 1 sin β + F1 sin(90 + β)) β
F1
= PG ( N 1 sin β + F1 cos β)
> 0 for β ≥ 0 mg P

The cyclist will then turn about G.

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Suggested Solution for Applied Mathematics 2009 (I) mini forum [last update: 10-April-2009 email: [email protected]]

Paper II (b) Since x(t ) + y (t ) + z (t ) = x(0) + y (0) + z (0) = N

( x + 1)( x − 1)( x − 2) ( x + 2)( x − 1)( x − 2) dx dy dz

1. (a) f ( x) = −15 + (−5) ∴ + + =0
(−2 + 1)(−2 − 1)(−2 − 2) (−1 + 2)(−1 − 1)(−1 − 2) dt dt dt

( x + 2)( x + 1)( x − 2) ( x + 2)( x + 1)( x − 1) dy dz

+3 + 13 − 0.01Ne −0.01t + + 0.03 y = 0 (Q = 0.03 y )
(1 + 2)(1 + 1)(1 − 2) (2 + 2)(2 + 1)(2 − 1) dt dt

5 3 5 dy
= ( x − 2 x 2 − x + 2) − ( x 3 − x 2 − 4 x + 4) i.e. + 0.03 y = 0.01Ne − 0.01t --- <*>
4 6 dt

1 3 13 Alternatively
− ( x + x 2 − 4 x − 4) + ( x 3 + 2 x 2 − x − 2)
2 12 dy
= 0.01x − 0.03 y = 0.01Ne −0.01t − 0.03 y
3
= x + 3x − 1 dt

g(xn ) dy
(b) For n ≥ 1 , x n +1 = x n − i.e. + 0.03 y = 0.01Ne − 0.01t
g' (xn ) dt

x n 3 + 3x n − 1 − sin x n
= xn −
Integrating factor = e
∫ 0.03 dt
= e 0.03t
3 x n 2 + 3 − cos x n
2 x n 3 + 1 − x cos x n + sin x n Multiple e 0.03t on both sides of <*>, we have
=
3x n 2 + 3 − cos x n
x 0 = 0 .5 , x1 = 0.44931988, x 2 = 0.447723136
d
dt
( )
ye 0.03t = 0.01Ne 0.02t , ye 0.03t =
N 0.02t
2
e +C

x 3 = 0.4477 (4 d.p.) N N −0.01t N −0.03t

As y (0) = 0 , C=− , i.e. y= e − e
2 2 2

dx dz
2. (a) = −0.01x , x = Ae −0.01t Q = 0.03 y
dt dt
As x(0) = N , A= N , 3N −0.01t N − 0.03t
∴ z = 0.03∫ ydt = − e + e + C1
−0.01t 2 2
i.e. x = Ne
As z (0) = 0 , C=N

3 N −0.01t N − 0.03t
i.e. z=− e + e +N
2 2
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Suggested Solution for Applied Mathematics 2009 (I) mini forum [last update: 10-April-2009 email: [email protected]]

3. (a) 20 grams 4. (a) required probability

21 21 = P(1st is not A and C) P(2nd is not C) P(3rd is C)

(b) 1 = ∫ f ( x)dx = k ∫ ( x − 19)(21 − x)dx
19 19
4 4 1 2
= × × =
2
6 5 4 15
= k ∫ u (2 − u )du (put u = x − 19 )
0
(b) required probability

2 = P(C gets own| A does not get own)

 u3  4k
= k u 2 −  = = P(A does not get own and C gets own)/ P( A does not get own )
 3 
0
3
2 5 4
= / =
3 15 6 25
i.e. k=
4 (c) P(only one person gets own and C gets own)

21 3 21 2 = P(A own, B not own, C own) + P(A not own, B own, C own)
E ( X 2 ) = ∫ x 2 f ( x)dx =
4 ∫19
(c) x ( x − 19)(21 − x)dx
19
1 3 1 3 1 1 1
= × × + × × =
3 21 4 6 5 4 6 5 4 20
4 ∫19
= (− x + 40 x 3 − 399 x 2 )dx
required probability

21 = P(C gets own| only one person gets own before C gets own)
3  x5 
= − + 10 x 4 − 133x 3  =400.2 = P(one person gets own and C gets own)
4  5  19
÷ P(only one person gets own before C gets own)
1 1 4 4 1
s.d. of X = E ( X 2 ) − [ E ( X )] 2 = ÷ × + × 
20  6 5 6 5 

3
= 400.2 − 20 2 =0.447213595 < 2.5% × 20 =
16
i.e. No adjustment is needed.

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Suggested Solution for Applied Mathematics 2009 (I) mini forum [last update: 10-April-2009 email: [email protected]]

5. (a) Let T be the time in seconds in doing a puzzle. T ~ N ( µ, 15 2 ) 16

H 0 : µ = 90 , H 1 : µ > 90 ∑ xi 159872
i =1
6. (a) x= = =99.92
16 16
15 2
Under H 0 , T ~ N (90, 15 2 ), T18 ~ N (90, )
18 2
90% CI of µ = x ± 1.645
96 − 90 16
z= =1.697056 > 1.645
15 / 18 = (99.0975, 100.7425)
∴ reject H 0 at 5% level. which contains 100, so adjustment is not necessary to be implemented.
i.e. there is evidence that the average time for Edward to do a puzzle is 2 2
(b) 90% CI of µ based on 16 samples = ( x − 1.645 , x + 1.645 )
more than 90 seconds, at 5% level. 16 16

15 2 15 2 For adjustment is needed,

(b) T1 ~ N ( µ , ), T2 ~ N ( µ , )
18 18 2 2
X − 1.645 > 100 or X + 1.645 < 100
15 2 15 2 16 16
∴ T1 − T2 ~ N (0, + )
18 18 i.e. X > 100.8225 or X < 99.1775
Required probability Let X be the length of a iron rod, in cm.
= P( T1 − T2 > 10 ) 22
X ~ N (100.9825, 2 2 ), then X 16 ~ N (100.9825, ).
10 − 0 16
= P( Z > )
15 2 15 2 Required probability
+
18 18 = P( X > 100.8225 or X < 99.1775)
= P(Z >2) 100.8225 − 100.9825 99.1775 − 100.9825
= P( Z > ) + P( Z < )
= 0.0228 2 / 16 2 / 16
= P( Z > −0.32 ) + P ( Z < −3.61 )
= 0.626 (correct to 3 d.p.)

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Suggested Solution for Applied Mathematics 2009 (I) mini forum [last update: 10-April-2009 email: [email protected]]

e −λ λ 1 1 4−3
7. (a) 0.1 = P(0) + P (1) = e −λ + , (ii) | x n − r |≤ n
| x 0 − r |≤ n
×
1 4 4 2

∴ e λ − 10λ − 10 = 0 (note x 0 is the mid point of [3, 4])

i.e. λ is a root of e x − 10 x − 10 = 0 1 1
Set n
× < 0.001 , n > 4.4829
x 2
(b) Let f ( x) = e − 10 x − 10 for x ∈ [3, 4]. 4
* f (3) = −19.9145 < 0 , f (4) = 4.5982 > 0 Take n = 5.
∴ there is at least one real root on [3, 4]. (iii) x 0 = 3.5
x 3 x1 = 3.80666248977032
* f ' ( x) = e − 10 > e − 10 > 0 for x ∈ [3, 4]
∴ there is at most one real root on [3, 4]. x 2 = 3.87258806720254
i.e. E has exactly one real root on [3, 4]. x 3 = 3.88621031956636

1 1 1 x 4 = 3.88900211025036
(c) (i) g ' ( x) = , | g ' ( x) |= ≤
x +1 1+ x 4 i.e. r = 3.89 (correct to 2 d.p.)
| x n − r |=| g ( x n −1 ) − g (r ) | (c) Expected number
=| g ' (ξ n ) | ⋅ | x n −1 − r | , where ξ n lies between x n −1 and r. ∞
= ∑ kP(k )
1 k =0
≤ | x n −1 − r |
4 ∞
= ∑ kP(k )
1 k =1
≤ 2
| x n − 2 − r | ≤ ...
4 ∞
e − λ λk
=∑
1 k =1 ( k − 1)!
≤ | x0 − r |
4n ∞
e − λ λk −1
= λ∑
1 1 k =1 ( k − 1)!
Now 0 ≤| x n − r |≤ n
| x 0 − r | and lim 0 = 0 = lim | x0 − r |
4 n →∞ n→∞ 4n ∞
e − λ λr
= λ∑ =λ
r =1 r!
i.e. lim x n = r
n →∞
= 3.89

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Suggested Solution for Applied Mathematics 2009 (I) mini forum [last update: 10-April-2009 email: [email protected]]

1 2 eξ 3 1 x 1 x 2 x 2 x
8. (a) (i) Note that e u = 1 + u + u + u , where ξ lies between 0 and u (iii) * g ( x) = e , g " ( x) = e − 2 e + 3e
2! 3! x x x x
1 * As g " ( x) is decreasing on [0.5, 1],
1 1 1 1 eξ 1
Put u = , then e x = 1 + + × 2 + ×
x x 2 x 6 x3 g " (1) ≤ g" ( x) ≤ g" (0.5)

1 e ≤ g" ( x) ≤ 10e 0.5

where 0 < ξ < as x > 0
x 2.718281828 ≤ g" ( x) ≤ 16.48721271
1 * E 2 = Error estimation by trapezoidal rule
1 1 1 1 1 1
i.e. f ( x) = e x = + 2 + 3 + 4 e ξ , 0 < ξ <
x x x 2x 6x x (1 − 0.5) 3
= − g " ( ξ) , 0 .5 ≤ ξ ≤ 1
(ii) E1 = Error of estimation 12(2) 2
2 1 1 1
= ∫1 4
e ξ dx 0<ξ< ≤1 =− g " ( ξ)
6x x 384

2 e0 –0.042935449 ≤ E 2 ≤ –0.007078858
> ∫1 6x 4
dx
Thus, | E 2 |≤ 0.042935449 < 0.045 < E1
2
 −1  i.e. Trapezoidal rule gives a better estimation.
=  
18 x 3  1 (iv) By using (b), I = 1.4576 + E 2

7 and –0.042935449 ≤ E 2 ≤ –0.007078858

= > 0.045
144 ∴ 1.4147 < I < 1.4505
(No absolute sign for E1 as it is trivial that E1 > 0 ) i.e. 1.41 < I < 1.46
1 1 − 0.5
(b) (i) ∫0.5 g ( x)dx ≈ 2(2)
[ g (0.5) + 2 g (0.75) + g (1)] = 1.4576 (4 d.p.)

1
1 ex 1eu
1 1 1
(ii) ∫0.5 g ( x ) dx = ∫0.5 x dx = ∫2 1 (− u 2 )du (put x =
u
)

u
1
2ex
=∫ dx = I
1 x

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Suggested Solution for Applied Mathematics 2009 (I) mini forum [last update: 10-April-2009 email: [email protected]]

dy du d2y d 2u du A2
9. (a) y = f ⋅u , = f +u⋅ f ', = f + 2 f '⋅ + f "⋅u ∴ y = f ( x )u = A1 x +
dx dx dx 2
dx 2 dx x2

d2y dy dy 2A
0= p +q +r⋅y And = A1 − 32
2 dx dx
dx x

d 2u du du 9 = y (1) = A1 + A2
= p( f 2
+ 2 f '⋅ + f "⋅u ) + q ( f + u ⋅ f ') + r ⋅ f ⋅u 
dx dx dx Now  dy
0 = dx = A1 − 2 A2
d 2u du  x =1
= pf 2
+ (2 pf '+ qf ) + ( p ⋅ f "+ q ⋅ f '+ r ⋅ f )u
dx dx ∴ A1 = 6 , A2 = 3

d 2u du i.e. solution of E 2 : y = 6 x +
3
= pf + (2 pf '+ qf ) (Q f is a particular solution)
dx 2 dx x2

1 y 3
(b) (i) Put y = 2
into E 2 , lim = lim (6 + 3 ) = 6
x x→∞ x x→∞ x

6 −2 k i.e. x : y → 1 : 6 as x → ∞ .
x2 ( 4
) + 2 x( 3
)+ 2
=0, k = −2
x x x

1
(ii) Put p( x) = x 2 , q ( x) = 2 x , r ( x) = k = −2 , f ( x) = ,
x2

d 2u 2 du
by (a), we have 2
− =0
dx x dx

du dv 2v
Put v = , − =0
dx dx x

1 2
∫ v
dv = ∫ dx ,
x
v = Ax 2

du A
∴ = v = Ax 2 , u = A1 x 3 + A2 , where A1 =
dx 3

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Suggested Solution for Applied Mathematics 2009 (I) mini forum [last update: 10-April-2009 email: [email protected]]

10. (a) Let X i be the number obtained at the i th toss of the dice. Expected number, given that Owen rolls a ‘2’ in the first round.
X i = {1,2,3} for i = 1 , 2, 3, 4. 4 4
= ∑ kP( N = k | E ) (note: ∑ P( N = k | E ) = 1 )
(i) required conditional probability k =2 k =2

=P( X 2 = 1, X 3 = 1 ) + P( X 2 = 1, X 3 = 2, X 4 = 1) 1 1 1
= 2 × + 3× + 4 × = 3
+ P( X 2 = 1, X 3 = 3, X 4 = 2) 3 3 3
+ P( X 2 = 2) (b) (i)
+ P( X 2 = 3, X 3 = 1) + P( X 2 = 3, X 3 = 2, X 4 = 1) P(X=2) WIN No Special prize

+ P( X 2 = 3, X 3 = 3, X 4 = 2)
B
pC Special prize
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= ( ) 2 + ( ) 2 ( ) + ( )( )( ) +
2 2 3 2 3 6 3 C
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 No Special prize
+ ( )( ) + ( )( )( ) + ( )( ) 2
2 6 2 3 6 3 6

22 2
= p B = [1 − P ( X = 2)] × p C = pC
27 3
(ii) Let N be the number of rounds played by Owen.
Let E be the event that Owen rolls a ‘2’ in the first round.
N = {2, 3, 4}.

1
P( N = 2 |E) = P( X 2 = 2) =
3
P( N = 3 |E) = P( X 2 = 1, X 3 = 1 )+ P( X 2 = 3, X 3 = 1)

1 1 1 1
= ( ) 2 + ( )( ) =
2 2 6 3

1 1 1
P( N = 4 |E) = 1 − − =
3 3 3

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Suggested Solution for Applied Mathematics 2009 (I) mini forum [last update: 10-April-2009 email: [email protected]]

(ii) 11. (a) Let X be the turnover time, in minutes, of a 2-seated table.

P(X=1) WIN Special prize X ~ N (42, 12 2 )

60 − 42
(i) P( X > 60 ) = P( Z > ) = P( Z > 1.5 ) = 0.0668
C P(X=2) 12
pC Special prize
(ii) X 1 + X 2 ~ N ( 42× 2 , 12 2 + 12 2 )
C
60 − 42 × 2
No Special prize P( X 1 + X 2 > 60 ) = P( Z > )
P(X=3) 12 2 + 12 2
pB Special prize
= P( Z > –1.41421 ) = 0.9214
B
(iii) required probability
No Special prize
30 − 42 2
= [ P ( X > 30)] 2 = [ P ( Z > )] = [ P ( Z > −1)] 2
p C = P( X = 1) + P( X = 2) p C + P( X = 3) p B 12

1 1 1 = 0.84132 = 0.7078 (correct to 4 d.p.)

= + pC + p B
2 3 6
X2
1 1 1 2 (iv) P( E ∩ F )
= + pC + ( pC ) by (b)(i)
2 3 6 3 = P( X 1 + X 2 > 60)

9 3 − P ( X 1 ≥ 30) P( X 2 ≥ 30)
∴ pC = and p B = E∩F
10 5 = 0.9214 – 0.7078
(iii) p A = P( X = 1) p B + P ( X = 2) p C = 0.2136 30
1 3 1 9 3
= × + × = X1
2 5 3 10 5 30
Required probability
X 1 + X 2 = 60
= P( X = 1) p A + P( X = 2) p B + P( X = 3) p C

1 3 1 3 1 9 13
= × + × + × =
2 5 3 5 6 10 20

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Suggested Solution for Applied Mathematics 2009 (I) mini forum [last update: 10-April-2009 email: [email protected]]

(b) Let X i be the waiting time, in minutes, starts from noon, of the
ticket numbered ( 100 + i ).
(i) Required probability
= P(exactly 2 of X 1 , X 2 , X 3 < 60 ) + P (all 3 X 1 , X 2 , X 3 < 60 )
+ 3 × P( X 1 > 60, X 2 > 60, X 3 + X 4 < 60)
2
= 3 C 2 (1 − 0.0668) (0.0668) + 3 C 3 (1 − 0.0668) 3 (0.0668) 0
+ 3 × (0.0668) 2 (1 − 0.9214)
= 0.9883
(ii) Required probability
= P( X 3 + X 4 > 60 | X 3 > 30 )
P ( X 3 + X 4 > 60 and X 3 > 30)
=
P( X 3 > 30)

0.2136
+ 0.7078
= 2
0.8413

= 0.9683
--- End of Solutions of Paper II ---

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