Java Persistence Advanced Concepts

Multitier Application Architecture

Java Persistence API Revisited
Transaction Management
EntityManager Detailed
JPA Queries Added to DAO
Cooperation with the Web Tier
Page 1
Lufthansa Systems Hungria Kft - Budapest
Multitier Application Architecture
composite structure Sample III
Web Container
JNDI
HTTP
Servlet1
HTTPServl et
Sessi on1
Sessi on2
EJB Container
JNDI
RMI/IIOP
Servlet2
HTTPServl et
Sessi on2
Sessi on3
S Bean1
Sessi on1
E 1
S Bean2 Sessi on2 E 1
E 2
S Bean3
Sessi on3
E 2
Entity1
E/H 1
JPA
Entity2 E/H 2
JPA
ORM
Implementation
JPA
JDBC
Relational
Database
Management
System
JAVA IF
JDBC
HTTP Client
HTTP
RMI Client
RMI/IIOP
Page 2
Lufthansa Systems Hungria Kft - Budapest
Java Persistence API
Description
POJO (Plain Old Java Object) based standard
Defines Object Relational Mapping for data persistence (entities)
Use Java 5 annotations for persistence metadata
Features
Java Persistence API is part of EJB 3.0 can also integrate with J2SE applications
Can use different persistence providers (Hibernate, Toplink, iBatis)
Declarative transaction management
Object Relational Mapping
Transformation of the data between the class objects and (relational) databases
Supported by automated tools (Object Model <-> DB model)
Objects are transformed to records (entities), properties are mapped to fields, identity
JPQL for Defining Queries
Queries are formulated in term of objects and properties (relations)
Parameter passing by name and by position
Named and dynamic queries
Updates are handed on result set
Page 3
Lufthansa Systems Hungria Kft - Budapest
Transaction Management
Transaction Management Features
Provides a consistent programming model across different transaction APIs (JTA, JDBC,
Hibernate, JPA)
Supports declarative transaction management
Provides a simpler API for programmatic transaction management than JTA
Rollback on exception, rollback rules can be defined
Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability
Isolation Level Definitions
READ_UNCOMMITTED - dirty reads, non-repeatable reads and phantom reads can occur
READ_COMMITTED - dirty reads are prevented
REPEATABLE_READ - dirty reads and non-repeatable reads are prevented
SERIALIZABLE - dirty reads, non-repeatable reads and phantom reads are prevented
Transaction Propagation
REQUIRED - support a current transaction, create a new one if none exists - DEFAULT
MANDATORY - support a current transaction, throw an exception if none exists
NESTED - subtransaction can be rolled back, behave like PROPAGATION_REQUIRED else
NEVER - execute non-transactionally, throw an exception if a transaction exists
NOT_SUPPORTED - execute non-transactionally, suspend the current transaction if one exists
REQUIRES_NEW-create a new transaction, suspend the current transaction if one exists
SUPPORTS - support a current transaction, execute non-transactionally if none exists
Page 4
Lufthansa Systems Hungria Kft - Budapest
Declarative vs. Programmatic Transaction Management
Declarative
@Transactional(rollbackFor=ApplicationException.class)
public void processData {
...
if( problem ) {
throw new ApplicationException(It went wrong) ; // Rolled back
}
}
Programmatic
public void processData {
EntityTransaction userTransaction = entityManager.getTransaction();
try{
userTransaction.begin();
// If everthing goes well, make a commit here.
userTransaction.commit();
} catch(Exception exception) {
// Exception has occurred, roll-back the transaction.
userTransaction.rollback();
}
}
Page 5
Lufthansa Systems Hungria Kft - Budapest
EntityManager find() vs. getReference()
find()
MobileEntity mobile = entityManager.find(MobileEntity.class, ABC-123);
If (mobile != null) { // mobile object may or may not be null
// Process the object
} else {
// Do something when ABC-123 not exist
}
getReference()
try {
MobileEntity mobile = entityManager.getReference(MobileEntity.class, ABC-123);
// mobile object may not contain the actual state values for model, manufacturer
// and imei number, the states may be loaded during the first access.
String model = mobile.getModel();
// The persistence engine may fetch the model value for the mobile here
// at this particular point of time ...
} catch(EntityNotFoundException ex) {
// Do something when ABC-123 not exist
}
Page 6
Lufthansa Systems Hungria Kft - Budapest
EntityManager merge(), flush() and refresh()
merge()
MobileEntity mobile = entityManager.find(MobileEntity.class, ABC-123);
// Transaction ends.
mobile.set() // Updating the mobile object.

// New transaction begins

entityManager.merge(mobile);
// The values in the object are merged into database state
flush()
MobileEntity mobile =
mobile.set(); // Update the state values for the mobile object.
entityManager.flush();
// Calling this flush method will synchronize the database with the values of the entity object.
refresh()
MobileEntity mobile =
mobile.set();
// The state values for the mobile object is updated.
entityManager.refresh();
// The refresh() method will refresh the entity object with the values taken from the database.
// All the updates that are done are lost.
Page 7
Lufthansa Systems Hungria Kft - Budapest
Java Persistence Query Language (JPQL)
General Form
SELECT [<result>] [FROM <candidate-class(es)>] [WHERE <filter>]
[GROUP BY <grouping>] [HAVING <having>] [ORDER BY <ordering>]
DELETE FROM [<candidate-class>] [WHERE <filter>]
UPDATE [<candidate-class>] SET item1=value1, item2=value2 [WHERE <filter>]
Named Parameters
Query q = em.createQuery("SELECT p FROM Person p WHERE p.lastName =
:surname AND p.firstName = :forename");
q.setParameter("surname", theSurname);
q.setParameter("forename", theForename);
Numbered Parameters
Query q = em.createQuery("SELECT p FROM Person p WHERE p.lastName = ?1 AND
p.firstName = ?2"); q.setParameter(1, theSurname);
q.setParameter(2, theForename);
Range of Results
Query q = em.createQuery("SELECT p FROM Person p WHERE p.age>20");
q.setFirstResult(20);
q.setMaxResults(10);
Page 8
Lufthansa Systems Hungria Kft - Budapest
Finding Entities in the Database
Named Query
@NamedQuery( name="findAllCustomersWithName", query=select c from Customer c
where c.name like :custName" )
Query query = em.createNamedQuery("findAllCustomersWithName");
List<Customer> customers = query.setParameter("custName", "Smith") .getResultList();
Dynamic Query
Query query = em.createNamedQuery(select c from Customer c where c.name like
:custName" );
List<Customer> customers = query.setParameter("custName", "Smith") .getResultList();
or
Query query = em.createNamedQuery(select c from Customer c where c.name like
:custName" );
Customer customer = query.setParameter("custName", "Smith") .getSingleResult();
Updating Queried Entities
query.setFlushMode(FlushModeType.COMMIT);
customer.setAddress(3. Dirty street);
Page 9
Lufthansa Systems Hungria Kft - Budapest
Direct Integration with Struts
In struts-config.xml
<plug-in
className="org.springframework.web.struts.ContextLoaderPlugIn">
<set-property property="contextConfigLocation value="/WEB-INF/training-servlet.xml/>
</plug-in>
Struts action class
public class ListCourseAction extends ActionSupport {
public ActionForward execute( ... ) {
ApplicationContext context = getWebApplicationContext();
CourseService courseService = (CourseService) context.getBean("courseService");
Set allCourses = courseService.getAllCourses();
...
}
}
In training-servlet.xml
<bean id=courseService class=com.myapp.CourseService/>
Page 10
Lufthansa Systems Hungria Kft - Budapest
Sample Application Session and DAOs
class session
E:extends DataEntity<K>
K:extends Serializable
AbstractDao
- cl azz: Cl ass<E>
# em: Enti tyManager
+ AbstractDao(Cl ass<E>)
+ fi ndById(K) : E
+ fi ndByNamedParams(Stri ng, Map<Stri ng, Obj ect>) : Li st<E>
+ remove(E) : voi d
+ save(E) : voi d
+ merge(E) : E
+ refresh(E) : voi d
+ rel oad(E) : E
+ fl ush() : voi d
ReservationDao
+ Reservati onDao()
+ fi ndByLastName(Stri ng) : Li st<Reservati on>
PassengerDao
+ PassengerDao()
session::ReservationSession
- reservati onDao: Reservati onDao
- segmentDao: SegmentDao
+ Reservati onSessi on()
+ getReservati onDao() : Reservati onDao
+ setReservati onDao(Reservati onDao) : voi d
+ getSegmentDao() : SegmentDao
+ setSegmentDao(SegmentDao) : voi d
+ newReservati on(Reservati on) : voi d
+ getReservati on(l ong) : Reservati on
+ addSegment(Reservati on, Segment) : voi d
+ del eteSegment(Reservati on, Segment) : voi d
+ fi ndByLastName(Stri ng) : Li st<Reservati on>
SegmentDao
+ SegmentDao()
-segmentDao -reservati onDao
Page 11
Lufthansa Systems Hungria Kft - Budapest
Sample Application Modified Data Model
class data
Passenger
- i d: Long
- ti tl e: Ti tl e
- l astName: Stri ng
- fi rstName: Stri ng
+ Passenger()
+ getId() : Long
+ setId(Long) : voi d
+ getTi tl e() : Ti tl e
+ setTi tl e(Ti tl e) : voi d
+ getLastName() : Stri ng
+ setLastName(Stri ng) : voi d
+ getFi rstName() : Stri ng
+ setFi rstName(Stri ng) : voi d
+ toStri ng() : Stri ng
Reservation
- i d: Long
- ai rl i ne: Stri ng
- passenger: Passenger
- segments: Set<Segment>
+ Reservati on()
+ getId() : Long
+ setId(Long) : voi d
+ getAi rl i ne() : Stri ng
+ setAi rl i ne(Stri ng) : voi d
+ getPassenger() : Passenger
+ setPassenger(Passenger) : voi d
+ getSegments() : Set<Segment>
+ setSegments(Set<Segment>) : voi d
+ addSegment(Segment) : voi d
+ del eteSegment(Segment) : voi d
+ toStri ng() : Stri ng
Segment
- i d: Long
- reservati on: Reservati on
- departure: Date
- fl i ght: Stri ng
- booki ngCl ass: Booki ngCl ass
+ Segment()
+ getId() : Long
+ setId(Long) : voi d
+ getDeparture() : Date
+ setDeparture(Date) : voi d
+ getFl i ght() : Stri ng
+ setFl i ght(Stri ng) : voi d
+ getBooki ngCl ass() : Booki ngCl ass
+ setBooki ngCl ass(Booki ngCl ass) : voi d
+ getReservati on() : Reservati on
+ setReservati on(Reservati on) : voi d
+ toStri ng() : Stri ng
0..*
-passenger
1
0..*
- segments
1