Elec1111 10 Opamps2 P
Elec1111 10 Opamps2 P
Elec1111 10 Opamps2 P
=
= =
= +
= =
=
dt
R
V
C
V
R i R i V
i i
dt i
C
V V
f
o
o
o
f
o cap
1
1
1 0 1 1 1
1
1
0
1
0 Vp Vn gain high of because Assume
+
-
R
1
V
i
V
o
V
n
V
p
C
f i
o
i
1
6
Triangular wave Oscillator.
+
-
R
1
+
-
C
1
V
o
R
2
R
3
R
4
R
5
Frequency ....(R
3
+R
4
) and C
1
Amplitude......Ratio of R
5
to (R
1
+R
2
)
Tacho circuit
T
1
T
2
Fudge factors & assumptions:
Assume T
1
constant
Assume T
2
>>T
1
Assume an equilibrium state
has been reached in the output
wrt input. ie the voltage at
the output is the same at the
beginning of one cycle as it
was at the beginning of the
last cycle.
+
-
R
1
V
o
V
n
V
p
C
f
i
o
i
1
V
p
R
2
R
f
7
Tacho circuit
T
1
T
2
speed
T
T
R
Rf V
V
T
Rf
V
C
T
R
V
C
T
Rf
V
C
V
T
R
V
C
V
V dt
R
V
C
V
p
o
f
p
f
f
o
p
f
o
p
T
p
f
o
=
=
>> =
=
=
=
2
1
1
2
0
1
1
2 f f 2
0
f
2
1
1
0
1
1
1 1
equal are Vs state steady under If
discharge. RC of part linear on still So
T C R assumes This
1
R through discharges Capacitor
0 Vin because
g integratin stops output T During
1
const is
1
down integrates output T During
1
+
-
R
1
V
o
V
n
V
p
C
f
i
o
i
1
V
p
R
2
R
f
Refs
Op-amp Basics
http://www.national.com/onlineseminar/2003/opamps_basics/090303_
Opamp_Trivia_Notes.pdf Nice overview of operation amplifiers from
National Semiconductor
Op-amp Applications Book
http://www.analog.com/library/analogDialogue/archives/39-
05/op_amp_applications_handbook.html Analog Device's extensive
coverage of op-amps and their applications
The Monolithic Op-amp http://www.national.com/an/AN/AN-4.pdf
Robert Widlar's classic app note on op-amps
Op-amp Applications Guide http://www.national.com/an/AN/AN-
20.pdf Op-amp Circuit Collectionhttp://www.national.com/an/AN/AN-
31.pdf Extensive collection of applications of op-amps
Op-amps for Everyone http://focus.ti.com/lit/an/slod006b/slod006b.pdf
Texas Instrument's extensive design reference on op-amps
555 Timer Tutorial
http://www.uoguelph.ca/~antoon/gadgets/555/555.html Fantastic
tutorial on the highly versatile and useful 555 timer