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Pragna
MICRODESIGNS

INSTRUCTION AND OPERATION

MANUAL
FOR

SYNCHRO TRANSMITTER AND

RECEIVER PAIR

Designed and Manufactured by:

PRAGNA MICRODESIGNS
No. 34, Karekallu, Kamakshipalya,
Basaveshwaranagar post, Bangalore – 560 079.
Ph: 23482492 Telefax; 23285123
E-mail: [email protected]

SYNCHRO TRANSMITTER & RECEIVER PAIR

INTRODUCTION:

A Synchro is an electromagnetic transducer commonly used to converter an angular position of a

shaft into an electric signal.

The basic synchro is usually called a synchro transmitter. Its construction is similar to that of a
three phase alternator. The stator (stationary member) is of laminated silicon steel and is slotted
to accommodate a balanced three phase winding which is usually of concentric coil typr (three
identical coils are placed in the stator with their axis 120 degree apart) and is star connected. The
rotor is a dumb bell construction and wound with a concentric coil. AC voltage is applied to the
rotor winding through slip rings.

Let an a.c. voltage Vr (t) = Vr sin Wct

Be supplied to the rotor of the synchro transmitter. This voltage causes a flow of magnetizing
current in the rotor coil which produces a sinusoidally time varying flux directed along its axis
and distributed nearly sinusoidally in the air gap along stator periphery. Because of transformer
action, voltages are induced in each of the stator coils. As the air gap flux is sinusoidally
distributed, the flux linking any stator coil is proportional to the cosine of the angle between
rotor and stator coil axis and so is the voltage induced in each stator coil.

The stator coil voltages are of course in time phase with each other. Thus we see that the
synchro transmitter acts like single phase transformer on which rotor coil is the primary and the
stator coil form three secondaries.
Let Vs1 N, Vs2 N and Vs3 N respectively be the voltages induced in the stator coils S1,
S2 and S3 with respect to the neutral. Then for the rotor position of the synchro transmitter
shown in figure, where the rotor axis makes an angle 0 with the axis of the stator coil S2.
Let Vs1N = KVr sin Wct cos (θ+120)
Vs2N = KVr sin Wct cos (θ)
Vs3N = KVr sin Wct cos (θ+240)

The three terminal voltages of the stator are

Vs1s2 = Vs1N – Vs2N
= 3 KVr sin (θ+240) sin Wct

Vs2s3 = Vs2N – Vs3N

= 3 KVr sin (θ+124) sin Wct

Vs3s1 = Vs3N – Vs1N

= 3 KVr sin (θ) sin Wct

Where θ is zero, it is seen that maximum voltage is induced in the stator coil s2 while it
follows that the terminal voltage Vs3s1 is zero. This position of rotor is defined as the electrical
zero of the Tx and is used as a reference for specifying the angular position of the rotor.
 Thus it is seen that the synchro transmitter is the angular position of its rotor shaft and the
output is a set of three single phase voltages. The magnitude of these voltages are functions of a
shaft position.

The classical synchro system consists of two units:

1. Synchro Transmitter.
2. Synchro Receiver.

The Synchro Receiver is having almost the same constructional features. The two units are
connected as shown in figure. Initially the winding S2 of the stator of transmitter is positioned
for maximum coupling with rotor winding. Suppose its voltage is V, the coupling between S1
and S2 of the stator and primary (ROTOR) winding is a cosine function. Therefore the effective
voltages in these winding are proportional to 60 degrees or they are V/2 each. So long as the
rotors of the transmitters and receivers remain in this position, no current will flow between
windings because of voltage balance.

When the rotor of TRANSMITTER is moved to a new position, the voltage balance is
distributed. Assume that the rotor of TRANSMITTER is moved through 30 degrees, the stator
winding voltages will be changed to zero, 0.866V and 0.866V respectively. Thus there is a
voltage imbalance between the windings causes currents to flow through the close circuit
producing torque that tends to rotate the rotor of the receiver to a new position where the voltage
balance is again restored. This balance is restored only if the receiver turns through the same
angle as the transmitter and also the direction of the rotation is the same as that of
TRANSMITTER.

The TRANSMITTER & RECEIVER pair thus serves to transmit information regarding
angular position at one point to a remote point..

FRONT PANEL DETAILS:

1. POWER : Power ON/OFF switch to the unit with builtin indicator.

2. TRANSMITTER : Synchro Transmitter.

3. SWITCH : Switch for transmitter rotor supply.

4. ROTOR R1 R2 : Synchro Transmitter rotor terminals.

5. S1, S2, S3 : Synchro Transmitter stator terminals.

6. RECEIVER : Synchro Receiver

7. SWITCH : ON/OFF Switch for rotor supply.

8. S1’, S2’, S3’ : Synchro Receiver stator terminals.

9. ROTOR R1’ R2’ : Synchro Receiver rotor terminals.

10. VOLTMETER : AC Voltmeter to measure stator and rotor voltages.

OPERATING INSTRUCTION:

Experiment No.1

Study of Synchro Transmitter :

In this part of the experiment, we can see how, because of the transformer action, the
angular position of the rotor of synchro transmitter is transformed into a unique set of stator
voltages.

PROCEDURE :

1. Connect the mains supply to the system with the help of cable provided. Do not
interconnect S1, S2 and S3 to S1’, S2’ and S3’.
2. Switch ON mains supply for the unit and transmitter rotor supply.
3. Starting from zero position, note down the voltage between stator winding terminals i.e.
Vs1s2, Vs1s3 and Vs2s3 in a sequential manner. Enter readings in a tabular form and plot
a graph of angular position V/S rotor voltages for all three phases.
4. Note that zero position of the stator rotor coincide with VS3S1 voltage equal to zero
voltage. Do not disturb this condition.

Experiment No.2

Study of Synchro Transmitter & Receiver pair:

PROCEDURE :

1. Connect mains supply cable.

2. Connect S1, S2, S3 terminals of transmitter to S1, S2 and S3 of synchro receiver by patch
cords provided respectively.
3. Switch on Rotor supply of both transmitter and receiver and also switch on the mains
supply.
4. Move the pointer i.e. rotor position of synchro transmitter in steps of 30 degrees and
observe the new rotor position. Observe that whenever Transmitter rotor is rotated, the
Receiver rotor follows it for both the directions of rotations and their positions are in
good agreement.
5. Enter the input angular position and output angular position in the tabular form and plot a
graph.

PRECAUTIONS:
1. Handle the pointers for both the rotors in a gentle manner.
2. Do not attempt to pull out the pointers.
3. Do not short rotor or stator terminals.
 TABLE - 1

SYNCHRO TRANSMITTER ROTOR POSITION VERSUS STATOR VOLTAGES

FOR THREE PHASES (Vs3s1, Vs1s2, Vs2s3)

ROTOR VOLTAGE = VOLTS

Sl No Rotor position in degrees Vs3s1 Vs1s2 Vs2s3

1 00
2 30
3 60
4 90
5 120
6 150
7 180
8 210
9 240
10 270
11 300
12 330

TABLE – 2

Sl No Transmitter angular Position Receiver angular position

1 00
2 30
3 60
4 90
5 120
6 150
7 180
8 210
9 240
10 270
11 300
12 330
 Stator winding of
Stator winding Receiver
of transmitter

Rotor Winding
of transmitter Rotor Winding of
Receiver

(a) Torque Transmission using synchro transmitter

TRANSMITTE
R STATOR RECEIVER
STATOR

TRANSMITTER RECEIVER
ROTOR ROTOR

STATOR

SLIP RINGS
ROTOR
COIL

STSTOR
WINDING

CONSTRUCTION FEATURES OF SYNCHRO TRANSMITTER

 SYNCHRO TRANSMITTER RECEIVER PAIR

I/O RELATIONSHIP

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INPUT ANGULAR POSITION

( TRANSMITTER SIDE)