Rules of Tajweed

Rules of Tajweed
Course: Tajweed-ul-Quran
www.eaalim.com
Copyright 2011 eaalim, All rights reserved.
Rules of Tajweed
The first level in a series of courses designed to take you from no knowledge of Arabic to a high-level proficiency.

Set the foundations for learning Arabic, the language of divine revelation

Learn the Arabic alphabet and vowel markings

Practice reading these letters when joined into words

Learn how to properly articulate sounds

Become familiar with basic rules of Quranic recitation

Apply your new-found knowledge to reading the Quran

Each section of this course is limited to only 15 students, ensuring a hands-on learning experience.
Content Index
Copyright 2011 e-aalim, All rights reserved.
1-Introduction....10

2-What is Tajweed? ...10

3-What is TARTEEL? ...10

4-Why the need for Tajweed Rules?..11

5-What is Ghunnah?.12

6-Examples of Ghunnah.......13

7-Qalqalah......14

8- Three different Levels of Qalqalah....15
9-Qalqalah Shugra.....16

10-Qalqalah Kubra........17

11- Qalqalah Akbar...18

12-Examples of Qalqalah..19

13- The Laam of Allah...20

14- Examples of Laam of Allah........21

15-Examples for the Rules of Laam(Tafkheem)......22

16-Examples for the Rules of Laam(Tarqeeq).............23

17-Noon Sakin and Tanween.........24

18-Structure of Noon Saakin & Tanween....25

19-Izhaar...........26

20- Examples of Izhaar.....27

21-Iqlaab....28

22- Idghaam......29

23- Examples of Idghaam........30

24-Ikhfaa...........31

25-Examples of Ikhfaa.............32

26-Meem Saakin........33

27-Izhaar Shafawee...34

28-Examples of Izhaar Shafawee..........35

29- Ikhfaa Shafawee...36

30-Examples of Ikhfaa Shafawee..37

31- Idghaam Shafawee.......38

32- Examples of Idghaam Shafawee.....39

33-The Rules of the letter Raa.......40

34-Examples of Tafkheem.............44

35-Examples of Tarqeeq.........46

36-Rules of Hamza.....47

37-Hamza-tul-Wals............48

38- Examples of Hamza-tul-Wasl ( ).....51

39-Hamza-tul-Qatta ( )...52

40- Examples of Hamza-tul-Qatta ( )....54

41- Idghaam........55

42-Types of Idghaam..........56

43-Idghaam Meslain...............57

44-Examples of Idghaam Meslain.............58

45-Idghaam Mutajaanisain.......59

46-Examples of Idghaam Mutajaanisain.............60

47- Idghaam Mutaqaaribain......64

48-Examples of Idghaam Mutaqaaribain.....65

49-The Rules of Madd.......66

50-Examples of Madd...........67

51-Types of Madd.............68

52-Madd Aarid..................71

53-Examples of Madd Aarid.............72

54-Madd Leen.........73

55-Madd Lazim..............74

56- Madd Lazim Kalimee.......75

57-Examples of Madd Lazim Kalimee......76

58-Madd Lazim Harfee.......79

59-Examples of Madd Lazim Harfee.....80

60-Madd caused/followed by other things......81

61-Stopping (Waqf)...............82

62-Points of Waqf.............. 83

63-Signs of Waqf.....85

Introduction
What is Tajweed?
Tajweed ) ) is an Arabic word meaning correct pronunciation during
recitation. It is a set of rules which dictate how the Qur'an should be read. It
comes from the root word 'ja-wa-da' meaning to make well, make better or improve.

What is TARTEEL?
The word TARTEEL is used in Surah Muzammil Aayah No.4:

'And recite the Qur'an in slow measured rhythmic tone'
(Al Qur'an ; 73:4)
The Arabic word translated as 'slow, measured rhythmic' is TARTEEL. The
tafseer of the above ayat according to Ibn Kathir is 'recite the Qur'an slowly,
making the letters clear, for this is an assistance in understanding and pondering
the meaning of the Qur'an.'

Why the need for Tajweed Rules?
The most important part of Tajweed is learning about correct positions of the organs
of speech and the manner of articulation. The Qur'an can lose its meaning if the
letters are not pronounced correctly.

For Example:

The first letters of these two words are similar in pronunciation, but if not
pronounced correctly will change the word and meaning completely.
Heart
Dog
Rule: Whenever you come across a Noon or Meem with a
Shadda/Tashdeed, you must make Ghunnah.

Ghunnah is the sound that is produced from the nose and the tongue is not
used. The duration of the Ghunnah sound is for 2 counts.
What is Ghunnah?
Definition:
To pronounce with an echoing or bouncing sound when one of
Qalqalahs letter carries a Sukoon Sign on it.

A characteristic of this is the quick movement of the tongue or lips
upon articulation.The quality of Qalqalah is found in the five
following letters when they carry a Sukoon Sign.

( , , , , )
,
Qalqalah needs a lot of practice to be said accurately; it doesnt
follow the harakah of the letter before it or after it.
There are Three different levels of Qalqalah.
Types / (Levels) of
Qalqalah

Qalqalah
Akbar
|
Qalqalah
Kubra

Qalqalah Sughra
Definition:
it means The least strength when the letter of Qalqalah is in the
middle of a Word or when joined with the next Word.

In this level the Echo sound is very light.

For Example:
Definition:
it means Middle strength, when the letter of Qalqalah is in
the end of a word, with no Shaddah.

In this level the Echo sound is medium.

For Example:
Definition:
it means The strongest strength, when the letter of Qalqalah is
in the end of an Ayah, with Shaddah sign on it. it

In this level the Echo is strong.

For Example:
Definiton:
Whenever we come across the Laam of the word Allah (swt)
or Allahumma, we must look at the letter before it.

There are two types of this Rule:

If the letter has fatha or Dhamma ,the Laam will be
pronounced with a full mouth.
if it has a Kasra it will be pronounced with an empty mouth.

It means a Noon with a Sukoon sign on it.
Fatha, Kasra and Dhamma.

It means:
1-Fathataan (Double Fatha).
2-Kasrataan (Double Kasra).
3-Dhammataan (Double Dhamma).
With
Ghunnah
Without
Ghunnah
Definition:
When the noon Saakin or Tanween is followed by any of Izhaar
letters, meaning the six letters that are pronounced from the
throat, izhar will take place.
Izhar means to pronounce the N sound of the noon saakin or
tanween WITHOUT stretching it. The Izhaar leters are:

Noon Tanween Noon Saakin
Definition:
Iqlaab means to change the sound of a Noon Saakin or Tanween
(N sound) into a meem.The sound will also be stretched into a
Ghunnah. Usually there is a little Meem to signify this change.

If there is BAA after Noon Saakin or Tanween, Iqlaab will take
place.
In the two letters, Laam
and Raa , Idghaam will be
without Ghunna.
In four letters, (Yaa, Waaw,
Meem, Noon) Idghaam will be
with Ghunna.
Definition:
If after the Noon Saakin or Tanween any of the letters of
appear, Idghaam will be done. Idghaam means to combine the
N sound of the Noon Saakin or Tanween with the following
letter.
Idghaam with Gunnah Idghaam without Gunnah
Defenition:
When we have learnt the above three rules, we will discover that there
are fifteen letters remaining, they are:
Whenever any of these fifteen letters appear after Noon Saakin or
Tanween, ikhfa will be done. Ikhfa means to slightly hide the N
sound of the Noon Saakin and Tanween, and lengthen it slightly.

For Example:
Presence of a Meem followed by any letter other than Baa or
Meem

The Meem carries a Sukoon Sign, and the second letter carries a
Vowel Sign and there is No Ghunnah, and the Meem is
pronounced clearly.

For Example:

Presence of a Meem followed by a Baa

The Meem carries a Sukoon Sign and the Baa carries a Vowel

Ghunnah is pronounced, for 2 counts

The Meem is concealed by the Ghunnah.

Another opinion in which this particular Ghunnah is recited, is that
the lips should remain slightly open, just enough as to allow a
sheet of paper to pass through.

For Example:
Defenition:
Presence of a Meem followed by another Meem,The first one
carries a Sukoon Sign and the second carries a Vowel
Sign. Hence, a Shaddah will be created and shown on the
second Meem Resulting in Ghunnah, held for 2 counts.

For Example:

Takhfeem:
To produce this sound, the back of the tongue rises in the mouth.
This elevation of the tongue produces a thick or heavy sound.

When it carries a Fatha or Dammah the letter will be pronounced
with the full mouth.

Examples:

There are 2 categories as the letter RA can either be:
Takhfeem:
When it carries a Sukoon and the letter before it carries a Fattah or
Dammah the letter will be pronounced with the full mouth.

Examples:

Tarqeeq:
To produce this sound, the back of the tongue lowers so that a flat
sound is produced.

When it carries a Kasra the letter will be pronounced with the empty
mouth.

Examples:
When it carries a Sukoon and the letter before it carries a Kasrah the
letter will be pronounced with the empty mouth.

Examples:

When it carries a Sukoon as a result of wanting to stop (therefore
not an original sukoon), and the letter before it is not a Yaa and
carries a Sukoon , and the letter before that has either a Fatha or
Dammah.

Examples:

When it carries a Sukoon as a result of wanting to stop (therefore not
an original Sukoon), and the letter before it is not a Yaa and carries a
Sukoon and the letter before that has either a Kasra.

Example:
There are two types of Hamza that appear in the Qur'an. Both are read
and treated differently.
( )
Pronounced:If the reader starts reading from the word starting with hamza tul wasl,then it
should be pronounced.
It occurs only at the beginning of the word.
It occurs without any harakah (Vowel) on it.
It is written as:
It can be pronounced or skipped
Skipped : If the reader connects the word which begins with hamza tul wasl with the letter
preceding it, this letter is directly connected to the letter following hamza tul wasl.

For Example:
Hamza-tul-Wasl will be assigned with a Dammah, if the 3rd letter
of the verb carries a Dammah.

For Example:
Exceptional Cases:
The following words are the only verbs in the Qur'an where the
3rd letter carries a Dhammah but a Kasrah is assigned to the
Hamza-tul-Wasl (if he starts reading with it) :
Hamza-tul-Wasl will be assigned with a Kasrah, if the 3rd letter of
the verb carries a Fatha or Kasrah.

For Example:
( ) Exceptional cases:
Hamza-tul-Wasl will be assigned with a Fatha, if the verb starts
with ) .

For Example:
The letter Hamzah appears in many different forms in the Arabic
language, but pronounced the same.
Note:
that the Alif and Hamzah are 2 different letters. The letter Alif
in the Arabic language is always free from any type of harakah.
If an Alif seems to have a harakah, then in actual fact it is a
Hamzah
1) When pronouncing a Hamzah that carries a sukoon:
care should be taken that it is pronounced correctly. Failing to
do so may change it into a Waw , Ya or an Alif.
2) When there appear 2 Hamzahs together:
ensure both are pronounced distinctively
3) Where the letters Hamzah and Aeyn appear together:
ensure that both are differentiated clearly
Outside the rules of Noon Sakin or Tanween , Idghaam can also occur in
the Qur'an due to certain circumstances as will be mentioned now in this
section.

Complete when there is absolutely NO trace of the Sakin letter during pronunciation.

Incomplete when there is SOME trace of the Sakin letter during pronunciation.
FoDO
DkC
Idghaam
Mutaghrebain

Idghaam
Mutajaanisain
Idgham of Proximity
Idgham of Similarity

Idgham
Meslain
Idgham of two
identical letters
This occurs when 2 same letters are found together, the first is saakina and the
second is mutaharrik

As the 2 letters are the same, they therefore share the same Makharaj and Sifaat.

So the first letter is blended into the second, hence the second letter takes a
shaddah

This applies whether it is in one or two words (whether both letters fall into the
same word, or one letter falls at the end of the first word, and the second letter
falls into the start of the second word)

Ghunnah is NOT pronounced (except for the letters and ,as ghunnah is ALWAYS
pronounced for these 2 letters when they carry a shaddah)
This occurs when 2 letters have the same Makhraarij, different Sifaat. The 1st letter is saakina ,
the 2nd is mutaharrik
Complete
Idghaam
Incomplete Idghaam
This idghaam occurs when 2 letters have a makhraj that are close together (whereas the
previous 2 idghaam shared the same makhaarij) This Idghaam occurs at 2 makhaarij, but
carry different sifaat
Complete Idghaam
Incomplete Idghaam
Madd means to prolong the sound of a vowel. The minimum
prolongation of a vowel is to the measure of two vowels (2
counts), which is equal to the measure of one alif.

Natural Madd Letters:
Mutasil
Waajib
Munfasil
Jaa'iz
Obligatory connected Madd

- Followed by a hamza ( ) in the same ( )
word
- The sound is elongated by 4 or 5 counts
obligatory ( )
- If recitation is stopped , it is elongated 4, 5 or 6
counts
Permitted separate Madd

- Followed by a hamza ) ) in the
next/separate
() word
- The sound is elongated by 2,4 or 5 counts
Preferred is 4 counts
- However, as little as 2 counts is permitted,
hence its name jaa'iz ( )

Madd Aarid Madd Leen
Madd Lazim
Kalimee Harfee
The Madd that
makes clear
The Obligatory
Madd
The Madd of
Softness
This occurs when there is a sukoon placed on a letter by the reader due to stopping in
the recitation (whether in the middle or end of an ayah)

Requirement :
Natural madd letter
Followed by a sukoon (as the reader has chosen to stop on it)
Although this will not be actually visible in the Qur'an, but is implied as the reader has
chosen to stop on it.

Effect :
Elongate 2, 4 or 6 counts
Preferred 4 or 6
This occurs when a word contains a softness (diphthong), and the reader chooses to
stop on it (whether in the middle or end of an ayah), therefore placing a sukoon on the
last letter

Requirement :
Madd letter
Followed by a sukoon (and the reader has chosen to stop on it)
Although this will not be actually visible in the Qur'an, but is implied as the reader
has chosen to stop on it.

Effect :
Elongate 2, 4 or 6 counts
Preferred is 4
The obligatory (laazim)
madd that is present in a
word (kalimee)
The obligatory (laazim)
madd that is present in a
letter (harfee)
Natural madd letter
Followed by sukoon or shaddah
Laazim means 'obligatory', so it must be elongated for 6 counts
Madd Laazim is of two types
The obligatory (laazim) madd that is present in a word (kalimee)

Requirement :
Natural madd letter
Followed by sukoon or shaddah
In a word

Heavy : When a SHADDAH follows the madd letter in a word
Light : When a SUKOON follows the madd letter in a word
Examples of Madd Lazim Kalimee
The obligatory (laazim) madd that is present in a letter (harfee) This occurs in some of
the letters that are present at the beginning of certain surahs

These surahs begin with some independent letters from the Arabic alphabet, which are
attached to each other like ordinary words.

The individual letters have to be pronounced by reading out their respective names.

'To stop on the last letter of a complete word, which is
disconnected from the word after it, and giving the last letter a
sukoon and by breaking the breath, then taking a new breath to
read the next word.' (Jami-ul-waqaf)

Knowledge of the proper places to stop, or pause while reciting
the Quraan is very important. This helps the reader to avoid
making mistakes, and altering the meaning of an aayah.

Often we come to long aayaat and run out of breath. In Shaa
Allaah, the permissible ,prohibited , and unsuitable places to
stop are as follows:

3) If the last letter is a 'taa marbutah' (), it is read as 'ha' ()
1) The proper way to stop in a word is by putting a sukoon on the last
letter of the word. If there is a harakah (Fatha, Damma, Kasra) or
tanween (2 fatha, 2 Damma, 2 Kasra) on the last letter of a word
before a stop, that letter is made into a sukoon
2) If it is a tanween with alif (C) then the last word is pronounced as
an alif
4) If the last letter of a word contains a 'hamzah' (), the harakah on
the hamzah is changed into a sukoon, and the hamzah is read clearly.

A common mistake when stopping at a hamzah is not to indicate the
presence of the hamzah at all

5) If the last letter of a word contains a 'tashdeed' (Shaddah), the
mashaddad letter is changed into a saakin letter, BUT making sure
the tashdeed is still read i.e. by spending more time on the letter.

The subtle stop/pause - stop vocal sound for a brief time, without taking
breath
The compulsory stop - we have to stop, wasl is prohibited
The prohibited stop - we can not stop
The good stop - it is better to continue, but stopping is allowed
The sufficient stop - it is better to stop
The quality stop - it is the same to stop or continue
Stopping at either of the points but not at both
Necessary stop - denotes end of sentence
Better to
Continue
STOP
DONT
Stop!!
Better to
Stop
Stop or
Continue

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