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Gaspers DigitalData

This document provides an overview of digital data and remote sensing imagery. It discusses binary numbers and how they are used to represent digital data. Pixels in remote sensing imagery are represented as a matrix, with each pixel assigned a value corresponding to a brightness range. The document also describes how color images are represented using red, green, and blue arrays, and how data is converted from sensor values to 8-bit images. Finally, it discusses different image data formats and compression techniques.

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erynn joe
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44 views14 pages

Gaspers DigitalData

This document provides an overview of digital data and remote sensing imagery. It discusses binary numbers and how they are used to represent digital data. Pixels in remote sensing imagery are represented as a matrix, with each pixel assigned a value corresponding to a brightness range. The document also describes how color images are represented using red, green, and blue arrays, and how data is converted from sensor values to 8-bit images. Finally, it discusses different image data formats and compression techniques.

Uploaded by

erynn joe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Data and Binary Numbers


1.Digital Data
2. Binary numbers
3. How digital data is displayed on the monitor
4. Color
5. Data formats
2
Digital Remote Sensing Data
-Matrix of rows and columns
-Each pixel has a value
-corresponds to brightness range of the color in each array
3
Binary Numbers
101001
4
193= 100+90+3
193 is really {(1*10*10)+(9*10)+(3*1)} =100+90+3
Binary numbers are base two digits
3 9 1
Ones Tens Hundreds
3 9 1
10
0
10
1
10
2
Binary numbers are base two digits
2
0
2
1
2
2
5
7= 4+2+1
Binary numbers are base two digits
1 1 1
2
0
2
1
2
2
3 = 0 + 1 + 1
1 1 0
2
0
2
1
2
2
Binary number= 111
Binary number= 11
- Each column represents one bit
- 8-bit image stores 8 bits for each pixel (from 00000000-11111111)
2
8
= 256 (grayscale)
1 1 1
2
0
2
1
2
2
6
Additive color
-yellow is not yellow, it is a combination of red and green
-Red, Green, and Blue are primary colors, all others can be made from them
True Color
-Adds Red, Green, Blue arrays (each are 8 bits) together
- 24-bit image
7
But data collected from sensors not in 0-255 values, so must be converted.
Signed vs. Unsigned
Single, R4,
Real*4
Long, I4,
Integer*4
Short, I2,
Integer*2
Byte
Other Names,
Abbreviations
& Symbols in
Use
3.403*10
38
-3.403*10
38
32
Single
Precision
Floating Point
(SAR
image)
2,147,483,647 -2,147,483,648 32
Signed Long
Integer
32,767 -32,768 16
Signed Short
Integer
255 0 8
Unsigned
Byte
Maximum
Possible
Value
Minimum
Possible Value
No. of
Bits
Number Type
Name
8
2 ways to convert:
Take numerical range of data for each of the three colors
and create a linear map (equal class intervals)
Problem: if you have outliers, image will be really dark or really light.
1. Linear Mapping
0 255
2 ways to convert:
2. Equalization (equal class frequencies)
Produces image with more contrast
9
3 types of images can be stored and seen on the computer:
1. Color images
a) Natural color images:
Red, green, blue bands represent these
actual colors as we see them
b) False color images:
assign three bands that do not represent actual
green blue and red
c) Pseudocolor image:
one band, values range from 0-265 and levels
of values are assigned a color on a look up table.
3 types of images can be stored and seen on the computer:
2. Grayscale images
-One single band
-has all colors, but colors have same values (127, 127, 127)
10
3 types of images can be stored and seen on the computer:
3. Labeled/classified images
-pixels value represents a tag that indicates a property
-used for landcover, e.g.: 1=ag., 2=water, etc.
Data Formats
11
Data format
Describes the way that data is written to storage
Usually contain:
1. Metadata (description about the data: projection, scan lines,
pixels per line)
2. Image Data
-pixel values of each band, arranged band by band
a) Band Sequential (BSQ)
b) Band Interleaved by Line (BIL)
12
File compression
Lossy: loses some information in compression (J PEG)
-smaller file sizes, easy sharing
-cannot obtain original data
Lossless: preserve all data
-can always obtain original data
- file size may not be compressed that much
Lossy vs. Lossless
8888883333
Lossy: 83
Lossless: 8[6]3[4]
File compression
quadtree: as a 2-D compression scheme
-image must be square and length must be a power of 2.
If many homogeneous areas, file will be compressed
If many non-homogeneous areas are there, file may be much larger
13
System Processing
*System Processing:
need to take info collected from sensors and turn into usable format
-image geometry corrected
determined by orbital height,
direction of motion
-remove noise
-correct for pixel misalignments from sensors
(called geometric correction in Ch.4)
-pixels relocated (projected) (Chapter 4)
14

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