John Kenneth S.

Victorino
BSA-4

Philosophy
- is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected
with reality, existence, knowledge, values,reason, mind, and language. Philosophy is
distinguished farom other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic
approach and its reliance on rational argument. In more casual speech, by extension,
"philosophy" can refer to "the most basic beliefs, concepts, and attitudes of an individual or
group".
- The word "philosophy" comes from the Ancient Greek (philosophia), which literally
means "love of wisdom". The introduction of the terms "philosopher" and "philosophy" has been
ascribed to the Greek thinker Pythagoras.
Philosophy and Science
- Its deciding how you look at something and give it meaning through your sense of thinking. None
have to follow or listen but it may seem interesting to see why ones thoughts are like that. I mean
everybody knows the half empty half full cup question. In any other science they would give you
numbers and some theory about why it is, but Philosophy goes into some deeper psyche, kind of
like psychology but really explores.
Various perspective of philosophy
Philosophical perspectives are worldviews that dene the nature of the world, the individuals place in it,
and the possible relationships to that world and its parts. Learning and instructional theories are
developed with respect to a particular set of assumptions regarding what it means to know and learn. It is
our contention that when situational variables require some decision on the part of the educator (and we
believe this is always the case), an underlying set of assumptions(whether they be tacit or explicit) will,
and should, drive the decision.
Who are philosophers?
- he word "philosopher" comes from the Ancient Greek (philosophos), which literally
means "lover of wisdom". The introduction of the terms "philosopher" and "philosophy" has been
ascribed to the Greek thinker Pythagoras.
- A philosopher may have extensive knowledge concerning one or more of the fields
of aesthetics, ethics, epistemology, logic,metaphysics, social theory and political philosophy.
They may relate this knowledge to the discussion of philosophical problems.

Importance of philosophy
- Philosophic thought is an inescapable part of human existence. Almost everyone has been
puzzled from time to time by such essentially philosophic questions as "What does life mean?"
"Did I have any existence before I was born?" and "Is there life after death?" Most people also
have some kind of philosophy in the sense of a personal outlook on life. Even a person who
claims that considering philosophic questions is a waste of time is expressing what is important,
worthwhile, or valuable. A rejection of all philosophy is in itself philosophy.
- By studying philosophy, people can clarify what they believe, and they can be stimulated to think
about ultimate questions. A person can study philosophers of the past to discover why they
thought as they did and what value their thoughts may have in one's own life. There are people
who simply enjoy reading the great philosophers, especially those who were also great writers.
- Philosophy has had enormous influence on our everyday lives. The very language we speak uses
classifications derived from philosophy. For example, the classifications of noun and verb involve
the philosophic idea that there is a difference between things and actions. If we ask what the
difference is, we are starting a philosophic inquiry.
- Every institution of society is based on philosophic ideas, whether that institution is the law,
government, religion, the family, marriage, industry, business, or education. Philosophic
differences have led to the overthrow of governments, drastic changes in laws, and the
transformation of entire economic systems. Such changes have occurred because the people
involved held certain beliefs about what is important, true, real, and significant and about how life
should be ordered.
- Systems of education follow a society's philosophic ideas about what children should be taught
and for what purposes. Democratic societies stress that people learn to think and make choices
for themselves. Nondemocratic societies discourage such activities and want their citizens to
surrender their own interests to those of the state. The values and skills taught by the educational
system of a society thus reflect the society's philosophic ideas of what is important.
Branched of Philosophy
Logic is the attempt to codify the rules of rational thought. Logicians explore the structure of
arguments that preserve truth or allow the optimal extraction of knowledge from evidence. Logic is one
of the primary tools philosophers use in their inquiries; the precision of logic helps them to cope with
the subtlety of philosophical problems and the often misleading nature of conversational language.
Epistemology is the study of knowledge itself. Epistemologists ask, for instance, what criteria must be
satisfied for something we believe to count as something we know, and even what it means for a
proposition to be true.
Metaphysics is the study of the nature of things. Metaphysicians ask what kinds of things exist, and
what they are like. They reason about such things as whether or not people have free will, in what sense
abstract objects can be said to exist, and how it is that brains are able to generate minds.
Axiology is an umbrella term for different studies that center upon the nature of different types of
value. These different studies include aesthetics, which investigates the nature of such things as beauty
and art; social philosophy and political philosophy; and, most prominently, ethics, which investigates the
nature of right and wrong, and of good and evil, both in theoretical considerations about the
foundations of morality, and in practical considerations about the fine details of moral conduct.