Submitted by:

John Israel R. Catedral

IV-Maxwell
Submitted to:
Ms. Aimee Pareo
Atomi Antennas !ransmit "uantum In#ormation Aross a Mirohi$
(Feb. 26, 2011) The Austrian research group led by
physicist Rainer latt suggests a !unda"entally no#el
architecture !or $uantu" co"putation. They ha#e
e%peri"entally de"onstrated $uantu" antennas, &hich
enable the e%change o! $uantu" in!or"ation bet&een t&o
separate "e"ory cells located on a co"puter chip. This o!!ers
ne& opportunities to build practical $uantu" co"puters.
'i% years ago scientists at the (ni#ersity o! )nnsbruc*
reali+ed the !irst $uantu" byte ,, a $uantu" co"puter &ith
eight entangled $uantu" particles- a record that still stands.
./e#ertheless, to "a*e practical use o! a $uantu" co"puter
that per!or"s calculations, &e need a lot "ore $uantu" bits,.
says 0ro!. Rainer latt, &ho, &ith his research tea" at the
)nstitute !or 1%peri"ental 0hysics, created the !irst $uantu"
byte in an electro"agnetic ion trap. .)n these traps &e cannot
string together large nu"bers o! ions and control the"
si"ultaneously..
To sol#e this proble", the scientists ha#e started to
design a $uantu" co"puter based on a syste" o! "any s"all
registers, &hich ha#e to be lin*ed. To achie#e this, )nnsbruc*
$uantu" physicists ha#e no& de#eloped a re#olutionary
approach based on a concept !or"ulated by theoretical physicists )gnacio 2irac and 0eter 3oller. )n their
e%peri"ent, the physicists electro"agnetically coupled t&o groups o! ions o#er a distance o! about 40
"icro"eters. 5ere, the "otion o! the particles ser#es as an antenna. .The particles oscillate li*e electrons in
the poles o! a T6 antenna and thereby generate an electro"agnetic !ield,. e%plains latt. .)! one antenna is
tuned to the other one, the recei#ing end pic*s up the signal o! the sender, &hich results in coupling.. The
energy e%change ta*ing place in this process could be the basis !or !unda"ental co"puting operations o! a
$uantu" co"puter.
Antennas amplify transmission
.7e i"ple"ented this ne& concept in a #ery si"ple &ay,. e%plains Rainer latt. )n a "iniaturi+ed ion
trap a double,&ell potential &as created, trapping the calciu" ions. The t&o &ells &ere separated by 48
"icro"eters. .y applying a #oltage to the electrodes o! the ion trap, &e &ere able to "atch the oscillation
!re$uencies o! the ions,. says latt.
.This resulted in a coupling process and an energy e%change, &hich can be used to trans"it $uantu"
in!or"ation.. A direct coupling o! t&o "echanical oscillations at the $uantu" le#el has ne#er been
de"onstrated be!ore. )n addition, the scientists sho& that the coupling is a"pli!ied by using "ore ions in each
&ell. .These additional ions !unction as antennas and increase the distance and speed o! the trans"ission,.
says Rainer latt, &ho is e%cited about the ne& concept. This &or* constitutes a pro"ising approach !or
building a !ully !unctioning $uantu" co"puter.
.The ne& technology o!!ers the possibility to distribute entangle"ent. At the sa"e ti"e, &e are able to
target each "e"ory cell indi#idually,. e%plains Rainer latt. The ne& $uantu" co"puter could be based on a
chip &ith "any "icro traps, &here ions co""unicate &ith each other through electro"agnetic coupling. This
ne& approach represents an i"portant step to&ards practical $uantu" technologies !or in!or"ation
processing.
'Brain Suites' Replacing Operating Rooms
January 2011
Why CT scans are dangerous? CT scans use X-rays
to image the body. X-rays can pass through most
materials. It all depends on the size of the atoms that
mae up the material! larger atoms absorb X-ray
photons" #hile smaller atoms do not" and the X-rays
pass right through. $or instance" the soft tissue in the
body is composed of smaller atoms" so it doesn%t absorb
X-rays &ery #ell. 'ut calcium atoms in the bones are
much larger and do absorb X-rays. ( camera on the
other side of the patient records the patterns of X-ray
light passing through the patient%s body. In a CT scan" a
series of X-ray beams is directed through the body from different angles. This creates cross-sections so
scientists can get a better &ie# of the body. The images are put together by a computer into a stac of pictures
that can be &ie#ed rapidly" lie flipping through a dec of cards.
BALTIMORE, MD (Ivanhoe Newswire) ,, 1ach year, 20 "illion A"ericans undergo surgery. ut surgeries can
be ris*y, and co"plications can happen during and a!ter a procedure. /o&, a ne& high,tech operating roo" is
helping "a*e surgeries sa!er.
)iding horses is *a&id 'uffamoyer%s passion" but after bac surgery left him partially paralyzed" he thought
he%d ne&er ride or #al again.
+The first thing I thought about #as" man I can%t #al"+ 'uffamoyer told I&anhoe.*a&id is #aling today thans
to ,eurosurgeon" (li bydon at Johns -opins 'ay&ie# .edical Center" and to this" a ne# highly sophisticated
surgical suite that%s helping doctors perform better" safer surgeries.
+I no# that my patients get a better outcome and a better operation out of it" and I no# that there%s less ris of
infection"+ *r. 'ydon said.
The 'rainsuite iCT is a digital operating room #ith a combination of /01 lie na&igation technologies that
allo#s surgeons to &ie# images during surgery of the bac and nec" #here surgical precision is critical.
+2hen #e%re doing surgery for e3ample I cannot see anterior to my bone" I cannot see through the bone" but
na&igation allo#s me to be able to" so if there4s a ner&e root on the other side of the bone" na&igation allo#s me
to see that"+ *r. 'ydon said.
In the room is a CT scanner on tracs that can be mo&ed to tae a scan at anytime. The operating table has a
radiolucent tabletop that allo#s 3-rays to be taen #ithout e&er mo&ing or a#aening the patient from
anesthesia. Ceiling mounted cameras #or #ith /01 na&igation technology to gi&e doctors li&e" 5* &ie#s
inside a patient%s body during surgery. 6i&e images allo# doctors to chec their #or after surgery.
+'efore #e lea&e the operating room #e are either 1007 satisfied or #e%re not" and if #e%re not" #e ha&e a
chance to fi3 it"+ *r. 'ydon said.
The high tech state of the art operating room #as the guide *r. 'ydon needed to get *a&id bac on his feet.
Heart Health: Looking Inside X-Ray-Free
C-()68TT91:I669" :a. ;I&anhoe ,e#s#ire< -- (trial
fibrillation ;(-$ib< is a dangerous condition #here the heart
beats irregularly. It%s a ma=or cause of stroe and affects o&er
t#o million (mericans -- mostly the elderly. Treatment is
possible" but it doesn%t come #ithout riss. ,o#" there%s a ne#"
safer #ay to treat (-$ib.
8ne night" Joann .ooney%s heart started racing. 1he #as
terrified.
+I thought I #as ha&ing a heart attac"+ .ooney recalled.
1he has (-$ib" an irregular heart rhythm. Traditionally"
cardiologists use X-rays to see inside the body and guide a
fle3ible tube to the heart to fi3 the condition. The surgery can last up to si3 hours" e3posing patients and doctors
to large amounts of radiation.
+There are many no#n dangers to X-ray e3posure" predominately an increased incidence of both sin cancer
and other forms of cancer"+ John $erguson" ..*." a cardiologist at the >ni&ersity of :irginia in Charlottes&ille"
:a." e3plained.
,o#" doctors ha&e a ne# method to treat the condition" completely eliminating the need for X-rays.
+2e thin #e can get better imaging of the cardiac tissue using this techni?ue" than traditional X-ray
techni?ues"+ *r. $erguson said.
*octors use an ultrasound catheter -- a fle3ible tube #ith a miniaturized ultrasound on the tip of the tube to see
inside the body. Combined #ith a 5-* image of the heart" surgeons can guide the catheter to fi3 the areas of the
heart causing the irregular heart rhythm.
+'eing able to complete a long and comple3 procedure #ithout any X-ray" I thin is almost certainly going to
be beneficial to patients"+ *r. $erguson said.
.ooney%s surgery #as a success" bringing her a ne# lease on life.
+I%m lie a ne# person"+ she said. +I%m en=oying life to the fullest.+
1he made a full reco&ery" X-ray free.
0regnant #omen #ith abnormal heart rates can also be safely treated using this techni?ue. The procedure also
uses .)I for all imaging needed prior to surgery. Traditionally" CT scans #ere used" but CT uses X-ray beams.
Liuid Body !rmor
BACKGROUND: 9ngineers ha&e designed a #ay to mae police officers
and soldiers safer #ith better body armor. The secret is a ne# +shear-
thicening+ fluid. 2hen fabric has been saturated in this ne# fluid" it
becomes strong enough to stop a bullet" but remains light#eight enough to
#ear comfortably.
,92()@" *el. ;I&anhoe 'roadcast ,e#s< -- -ard" hea&y" stiff and buly
is ho# most cops describe their bullet-proof &ests" but relief could be in
sight. 8ne coat of this gooey li?uid turns soft fabric into a tough" stab-proof"
bullet-proof material.
It%s not =ust in the mo&ies. 8ur men and #omen in blue put their li&es on the line e&ery day" and this may be
their ne3t #eapon against crime. It%s no normal" flimsy piece of fabric after it%s soaed in shear-thicening fluid"
#hich turns soft material into solid protecti&e gear.
+The material becomes &ery hard and pre&ents the pro=ectile from mo&ing through the fabric"+ ,orman 2agner"
0h.*." a rheologist at the >ni&ersity of *ela#are in ,e#ar" tells I&anhoe.
)heologists" #ho study the unusual flo# of materials" de&eloped the li?uid. ,o#" it%s being tested on @e&lar to
mae bullet-proof &ests as comfortable as regular clothing.
+( normal &est is 50" A0 layers of @e&lar fabric tightly paced together"+ 2agner says. +2e can potentially
reduce the number of layers" maing the material lighter" more fle3ible" better -- easier to #ear.+
To pro&e the li?uid%s toughness" an ice pic goes right through untreated fabric" but it%s stopped by fabric coated
#ith the ne# li?uid. Tiny" hard particles in the li?uid cluster together and =am #hen struc by a sudden force.
$abric coated in the li?uid becomes hard enough to stop a bullet" #hile remaining fle3ible.
2agner says" +2e #ant to impro&e current body armor technology and mae it resistant to many different
threats -- not =ust ballistic" but also fragmentations such as bombs.+
The military plans to use the li?uid technology to impro&e @e&lar &ests for troops" a must-ha&e body armor that
sa&es li&es. )esearchers #ill also test the li?uid technology in fabric for pants and slee&es" areas that aren%t
co&ered by a traditional @e&lar &est.
Star "ars 'telepresence'
tantalisingly close
In 1BCC audiences #ere #o#ed by the special
effects of the first 1tar 2ars film" #hich
included a hologram of 0rincess 6eia maing
a distress call to 8bi-2an @enobi after her
ship had fallen under attac by the 9mpire.
,o#" the idea of real-time" dynamic
holograms depicting scenes occurring in
different locations is almost a reality" thans to a breathrough at the >ni&ersity of (rizona and ,itto *eno
Technical Corporation.
Current interest in 5* display technology is higher than e&er" spurred by the demonstration of 5* T: and the
release of films produced in this format" such as Avatar. The action appears to come out of the screen because
t#o perspecti&es combine to generate a 5* image. 'ut to see 5* images" &ie#ers ha&e to #ear specialized
glasses #ith t#o different lenses that let through light polarized in different directions.
-olography is different from this" producing many perspecti&es that allo# the &ie#er to see the +ob=ect+ from
multiple angles. 2ith this approach the amplitude and phase of the light are reproduced by diffraction" allo#ing
the &ie#er to percei&e the light as it #ould ha&e been scattered by the real ob=ect. In practice this is achie&ed by
creating a screen D out of materials such as sil&er halide films or photopolymers D that pro&ides the &ie#er #ith
a slightly different perspecti&e" depending on the obser&ation angle.
0rogress to#ards achie&ing more dynamic holograms" #ith the ultimate goal of real-time reproduction" too a
ma=or step for#ard t#o years ago #hen a team led by ,asser 0eyghambarian created a monochromatic display
that could produce a ne# image e&ery four minutes. ,o#" #ith this latest #or the researchers ha&e taen a
dramatic leap by un&eiling a 1C inch display that can reproduce an ob=ect in colour e&ery t#o seconds.
The system #ors by taing multiple images of an ob=ect #ith 1E different cameras positioned at a range of
different angles. ( computer processes all this information into +hogel data+" #hich is transferred to a second
computer &ia an ethernet lin. (t this location three different holograms are #ritten into the material at different
angles. Illuminating the polymer #ith incoherent emission from red" blue and green 69*s creates colour
images.
The ey to the breathrough is the material from #hich the screen is fabricated D a photorefracti&e polymer.
1#itching to this polymer has slashed the time taen for a laser to +#rite+ on a holographic pi3el" no#n as
hogel" from a second to =ust si3 nanoseconds. +FThe latest polymerG can also be erased #ith the same beams
used to #rite the image" so a separate erasing set-up is not re?uired"+ e3plains lead author 0ierre-(le3andre
'lanche from the >ni&ersity of (rizona.
Towards telepresence
0eyghambarian belie&es that his team%s technology could aid medical operations. +The cameras #ould be sitting
around #here the surgery is done" so that different doctors from around the #orld could participate" and see
things =ust as if they #ere there"+ he says.
To commercialize the system" #riting speeds must increase to 50 frames per second" and the display must be
larger" deli&er a better colour palette and ha&e a higher resolution. +If you #ant a true" real-time telepresence
you need to go to at least EDH feet by EDH feet" so that the human person can be demonstrated as they are"+ says
0eyghambarian.
The ultimate goal is to achie&e +telepresence+" #here you could chat #ith others &ia 5* replications. In mo&ing
to#ards this" the technology #ill ha&e to impro&e its resolution as #ell as its speed.
Super-#o$ered Stethoscope
'(6TI.8)9 ;I&anhoe 'roadcast ,e#s< -- The roar of a fire
truc ... the #hine of ambulance sirens ... .ed9:(C helicopters
o&erhead. They%re first at an accident scene" but they%re also loud --
maing some emergencies too noisy for paramedics and doctors to
listen to a patient%s &ital signs #ith a stethoscope.
+Iou can%t hear lung sounds. Iou can%t hear heart sounds inside of a
running helicopter"+ *onald 6ehman" a flight paramedic #ith the
.aryland 1tate 0olice in 0ies&ille" tells I&anhoe.
2illiam 'ernhard" ..*." an anesthesiologist and .aster $light 1urgeon #ith the >.1. (rmy in 0erry&ille" .d."
says traditional stethoscopes do not #or #ell because of all the outside noise that interferes #ith the sounds
they%re trying to listen to. ,o# a ne#" ultrasound stethoscope ignores outside noise" allo#ing medics to hear
life-sa&ing sounds inside the body.
+It%s e3tremely helpful because it%s the only thing out there on the maret that #ill #or"+ *r. 'ernhard tells
I&anhoe.
*e&eloped by electrical engineers" the de&ice sends an ultrasound #a&e into the body. 2hen it hits mo&ing
organs -- lie the heart or lungs -- it bounces bac at a different fre?uency" called the *oppler effect. This
change in fre?uency is con&erted into sound that medics can hear.
+The e3citing thing no# is that #e ha&e a simple" hand-held de&ice and can be used in these &ery high noise
en&ironments and gi&es a &ery" &ery clean" audible signal"+ 9lectrical 9ngineer (drian -outsma" 0h.*. of the
>.1. (rmy (eromedical )esearch 6aboratory ;>1(()6<" tells I&anhoe.
The ne# de&ice is being field tested for the (rmy" #here loud #ar zones mae a standard stethoscope useless ...
helping sa&e li&es one sound at a time.
)esearchers lie *r. -outsma are in the process of obtaining $*( appro&al for the de&ice and are #oring to
mae sure it doesn%t generate signals that interfere #ith aircraft or other e?uipment. It #ill first be manufactured
to sell to the armed forces and could cost bet#een J2K0 and JC00.
The traditional stethoscope has hardly changed since its in&ention in the 1H00s by $rench in&entor and
physician )enL ThLophile -yacinthe 6aMnnec.
!nti-hydrogen %aptured& Held For First 'ime
Can #arp dri&e be far behindN (
paper published in this #ee4s
edition of ,ature reports that for
the first time" antimatter atoms
ha&e been captured and held long
enough to be studied by scientific
instruments. ,ot only is this a
science fiction dream come true"
but in a &ery real #ay this could
help us figure out #hat happened
to all the antimatter that has
&anished since the 'ig 'ang" one
of the biggest mysteries of the
>ni&erse. O2e4re &ery e3cited
about the fact that #e can
actually no# trap antimatter
atoms long enough to study their
properties and see if they4re &ery
different from matter"P said
.aoto $u=i#ara" a team
member from (60-(" an
international collaboration at
C9),.
(ntimatter is produced in e?ual ?uantities #ith matter #hen energy is con&erted into mass. This happens in
particle colliders lie C9), and is belie&ed to ha&e happened during the 'ig 'ang at the beginning of the
uni&erse.
O( good #ay to thin of antimatter is a mirror image of normal matter"P said team spoesman Jeffrey -angst" a
physicist at (arhus >ni&ersity in *enmar. O$or some reason the uni&erse is made of matter" #e don4t no#
#hy that is" because you could in principle mae a uni&erse of antimatter.P
In order to study antimatter" scientists ha&e to mae it in a laboratory. The (60-( collaboration at C9), has
been able to mae antihydrogen D the simplest antimatter atom D since 2002" producing it by mi3ing anti-
protons and positrons to mae a neutral anti-atom. O2hat is ne# is that #e ha&e managed to hold onto those
atoms"P said -angst" by eeping atoms of antihydrogen a#ay from the #alls of their container to pre&ent them
from getting annihilated for nearly a tenth of a second.
The antihydrogen #as held in an ion trap" #ith electromagnetic fields to trap them in a &acuum" and cooled to B
@el&in ;-AA5.AC degrees $ahrenheit" -2EA.1K degrees Celsius<. To actually see if they made any antihydrogen"
they release a small amount and see if there is any annihilation bet#een matter and antimatter.
The ne3t step for the (60-( collaboration is to conduct e3periments on the trapped antimatter atoms" and the
team is #oring on a #ay to find out #hat color light the antihydrogen shines #hen it is hit #ith micro#a&es"
and seeing ho# that compares to the colors of hydrogen atoms.