Hastings Automotive Complaint

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

DISTRICT OF MINNESOTA
HASTINGS AUTOMOTIVE, INC., a
Minnesota corporation, HASTINGS
CHRYSLER CENTER, INC., a Minnesota
corporation; and DOUGLAS W.
ERICKSON, a Minnesota resident,
Plaintiffs,
vs.
KATHLEEN SEBELIUS, in her official
capacity as Secretary of the United States
Department of Health and Human Services;
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF
HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES;
THOMAS PEREZ, in his official capacity
as Secretary of the United States
Department of Labor; UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR; JACOB
LEW, in his official capacity as Secretary of
the United States Department of the
Treasury; and UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY,
Defendants.
Case No.: _____________
VERIFIED COMPLAINT
FOR DECLARATORY AND
INJUNCTIVE RELIEF
TRIAL BY JURY DEMANDED
_____________________________
Plaintiffs Douglas W. Erickson, Hastings Automotive, Inc., and Hastings Chrysler
Center, Inc. (collectively Plaintiffs), by and through their counsel, and for their
Complaint against Defendants, state and allege as follows:
INTRODUCTION
1. In this action, Plaintiffs challenge the mandate from the Department of
Health and Human Services (HHS) under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care
CASE 0:14-cv-00265-PAM-JJG Document 1 Filed 01/29/14 Page 1 of 27
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Act (ACA) requiring employers to provide coverage in a group health plan for all
FDA-approved contraceptive methods, sterilization procedures, and patient education and
counseling for women with reproductive capacity (the Mandate).
2. Plaintiffs base their challenge on their sincerely held religious belief that
life begins at conception and certain of the FDA-approved contraceptive methods, such
as emergency contraceptives Plan B and ella, as well as certain intrauterine devices
(IUDs), can destroy a human embryo.
3. Plaintiffs believe that it is immoral and sinful for them to provide a group
health plan that includes coverage for such contraceptive methods.
4. Plaintiffs seek a preliminary and permanent injunction enjoining the
challenged mandate and a declaration that the mandate violates federal constitutional and
statutory law. The mandate is unconstitutional on its face and as applied because it
violates Plaintiffs rights to the free exercise of religion and free speech under the First
Amendment to the United States Constitution, violates the establishment of religion
prohibition of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, violates equal
protection and due process provisions of the Fifth Amendment to the United States
Constitution, and violates the Religious Freedom Restoration Act.
THE PARTIES
5. Plaintiffs Hastings Automotive, Inc. and Hastings Chrysler Center, Inc. (the
Dealerships) are privately owned automotive dealerships located in Hastings,
Minnesota. The Dealerships share common ownership sufficient to establish a
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controlled-group for purposes of application of the Affordable Care Act. Between them,
the Dealerships employ approximately sixty (60) full-time employees.
6. Plaintiff Erickson is an individual and a citizen of the State of Minnesota
and the United States. Erickson is the President and majority owner of both Dealerships.
Erickson is a devout Christian and applies his faith to every area of his life, including his
operation of the Dealerships. The other shareholder/owners of the Dealerships, a group
of six (6) individuals (including Erickson), share Ericksons sincerely-held Christian faith
and likewise share Ericksons commitment to expressing Christian faith through
operation of the Dealerships.
7. As the President and majority shareholder of the Dealerships, Plaintiff
Erickson establishes and approves the policies governing personnel and operational
matters, and makes the executive decisions governing the operation of the Dealerships,
specifically including decisions regarding the health care coverage provided by the
Dealerships to employees.
8. Defendant United States Department of Health and Human Services
(HHS) is an agency of the United States Government and is responsible for the
administration and enforcement of the Mandate.
9. Defendant Kathleen Sebelius is the Secretary of HHS. As Secretary, she is
responsible for the operation and management of HHS. She is sued in her official
capacity only.
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10. Defendant United States Department of Labor (DOL) is an agency of the
United States government and is responsible for the administration and enforcement of
the Mandate.
11. Defendant Thomas Perez is the Secretary of DOL. As Secretary, he is
responsible for the operation and management of DOL. He is sued in his official capacity
only.
12. Defendant United States Department of the Treasury is an agency of the
United States Government and is responsible for the administration and enforcement of
the Mandate.
13. Defendant Jacob Lew is the Secretary of the Treasury. As Secretary, he is
responsible for the operation and management of the Treasury. He is sued in his official
capacity only.
JURISDICTION AND VENUE
14. This action arises under the Constitution and laws of the United States.
This Court has subject matter jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 1331 and 1361. This
Court has jurisdiction to render declaratory and injunctive relief under 28 U.S.C. 2201
and 2202, 42 U.S.C. 2000bb-1. This Court has jurisdiction to award reasonable
attorneys fees and costs under the Equal Justice Act, 28 U.S.C. 2412, and 42 U.S.C.
1988.
15. Venue is appropriate in this district pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 1391(e)(1)
because the Plaintiffs reside and do business within this district.
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FACTUAL BACKGROUND
A. Plaintiffs History, Religious Beliefs, and Practices Related to Insurance for
Abortion.
16. Hastings Automotive, Inc., which is known as Hastings Ford, has been
serving the Hastings, Minnesota area for decades. Erickson entered the car business
immediately out of college when he went to work for Ford Motor Company at their Twin
Cities office. As he acquired more and more experience, Erickson was soon brought into
the business at a large metro-area dealership.
17. In 1989, Erickson purchased a sixteen percent (16%) share in the Hastings
Ford dealership. By 1992, he owned one-hundred percent (100%) of the business. In
1998, he opened Hastings Chrysler Center, Inc. as the 90% shareholder and became the
sole shareholder in 2004.
18. Through the years, Erickson has brought other partners into the business.
Each of them has a similar mindset on matters of faith and business. Hastings
Automotive, Inc. (Hastings Ford) is controlled by a group of four (4) men: Doug
Erickson (60%), Joe Linder (30%), Bruce Spinks (5%), and Dan Plank (5%). Hastings
Chrysler Center, Inc. is controlled by a group of four men: Doug Erickson (55%), Joe
Linder (20%), Bart Huppert (20%), and Eric Mech (5%).
19. Erickson grew up attending Lutheran churches, but points to a period in the
mid-1990s when he became a born-again Christian. Because of his wifes involvement
in Bible Study Fellowship, a world-wide interdenominational Bible Study organization,
Erickson was challenged to study the Bible more closely as well. He joined a mens
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Bible study that provided him more instruction about his faith and what he believed as
taught in Scripture. As a result, through his study of the Bible and applying the lessons
he learned from it to his life, Erickson saw his faith grow and saw changes in many areas
of his life, such as improvements in his roles as a father and husband.
20. At that time, Erickson considered selling the Dealerships as the businesses
were struggling and Erickson was struggling to maintain them. He decided instead to
surrender the Dealerships to Christ, and dedicated himself to integrating faith and work.
Erickson characterizes the work he does through the Dealerships as marketplace
ministry, by which he seeks to serve Christ first and foremost and show the light of
Christ to those with whom he comes in contact, such as customers and employees. Since
Erickson dedicated the Dealerships to Christ, Plaintiffs have seen a marked improvement
in customer satisfaction, employee engagement, and business performance.
21. The operation of the Dealerships is a means by which Erickson and the
other owners express their sincerely held religious beliefs. Indeed, the Dealerships
themselves share these sincerely held religious beliefs.
22. Ericksons personal transformation is reflected in what became the
corporate vision for the Dealerships. That vision was built upon the principles of
Ericksons faith, including the provision that the company would, Demonstrate the heart
of a servant.
23. For Plaintiffs, servant leadership is best modeled by Jesus Christ. That is
why Plaintiffs offer the opportunity to, but do not require, all the Dealerships employees
to participate in a formal leadership program that explains the principles of servant
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leadership. More than 30% of all employees from various departments of the business
have chosen to complete this leadership training. The program refers to Jesus as the
model and utilizes the Bible as part of the instruction provided to participants.
24. As part of Plaintiffs vision to integrate faith and work, Plaintiffs employ an
ordained pastor who is available to provide pastoral services to employees. The pastor is
associated with the Evangelical Free Church of America and is known as, Pastor of the
Stores.
25. For the past five or six years, Plaintiffs have had regular, voluntary prayer
gatherings on the first Friday of every month. Though participation in the gatherings is
optional, several of Plaintiffs employees choose to participate.
26. Plaintiffs choose their marketing plans very carefully and direct their
advertising dollars to advertising venues that share their religious convictions. For
instance, a substantial amount of advertising conducted by the Plaintiffs is done over the
local Christian radio station, KTIS, in the form of exclusive on-air sponsorships.
27. Plaintiffs support various Christian ministries, including Young Life, a non-
denominational Christian ministry that reaches out to adolescents. For the past four or
five (4-5) years, the Dealerships have invested more than $10,000 of their profits in
Young Life. For more than seven (7) years, Plaintiffs have hosted fundraisers at the
Dealerships for Young Life and have sponsored one of Young Lifes fundraising golf
tournaments.
28. Plaintiffs make regular financial donations to Total Life Care Centers in
Hastings, Minnesota, a non-profit, pro-life organization with multiple pregnancy resource
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centers throughout Minnesota and Wisconsin. Total Life Care Centers provide care for
women and their families who are experiencing unplanned pregnancies, helping them
choose life for their babies rather than abortion. In addition, the Plaintiffs support the
work of Total Life Care Centers as they help young women and their families manage
their lives and succeed in their roles as parents. The Dealerships host fundraising events
at the Dealerships to assist the center located in Hastings, Minnesota. Plaintiffs,
personally and corporately, have supported Total Life Care Centers for the past six or
seven (6 or 7) years and consider it a critical exercise of their sincerely-held Christian
beliefs, specifically those beliefs that instruct Plaintiffs on the sanctity of human life.
29. As part of their Christian faith, Plaintiffs believe that life begins at
conception, and it is therefore a grave moral wrong to destroy a human embryo.
30. Consequently, Plaintiffs believe that the use of what are labeled
contraceptive, but have an abortifacient effect, is immoral and sinful because they destroy
a human life by chemically inducing an abortion.
31. In particular, Plaintiffs believe that use of emergency contraceptives, such
as Plan B and ella, and certain intrauterine devices (IUDs), for which coverage is
required by the Mandate, is immoral and sinful because these products are designed to
destroy a human life shortly after that life has been conceived.
32. Plaintiffs believe that it is immoral and sinful for them to pay for, provide
access to, or otherwise support the use of these products through their coverage in the
Dealerships group health plan, as the Mandate requires.
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33. Plaintiffs believe that it is immoral and sinful to counsel a woman that the
use of emergency contraceptives, abortifacient drugs, and certain IUDs is a viable birth-
control option.
34. Plaintiffs believe that it is immoral and sinful for them to pay for, provide
access to, or otherwise support counseling that advises women that the use of emergency
contraceptives, abortifacient drugs, and certain IUDs is a viable birth-control option.
35. Erickson believes that his role as President and majority shareholder of the
Dealerships is that of a steward of a business given to him by God and that his employees
are Gods children who are entrusted to his care. He regards it as his religious duty to
operate the Dealerships in conformity with his religious beliefs.
36. Accordingly, Plaintiffs have provided health insurance to their employees
since 1989. Plaintiffs have provided health insurance to their employees through
Preferred One since 2012.
37. With the passage of the Affordable Care Act, Plaintiffs sought to clarify
and confirm the scope of contraception coverage provided to employees by their health
insurance plan. Plaintiffs had always excluded abortion coverage from their insurance
plans and believed their insurer provided a plan consistent with their moral beliefs.
When the Affordable Care Act required the provision of contraceptives, Plaintiffs re-
examined their coverage to determine precisely what was covered. It took several
months for the insurer to confirm that, while their plan previously had excluded abortion
services, it also covered all FDA-approved contraceptives. After several months of
discussion between Plaintiffs and its insurer, it was determined that, because of the
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Affordable Care Act, all FDA-approved contraceptives including abortifacient drugs,
such as Plan B, ella, and certain IUDs were required to be covered by Plaintiffs in
violation of Plaintiffs sincerely held religious beliefs.
38. The Mandate applied to Plaintiffs beginning July 1, 2013, because the
Dealerships have more than fifty (50) full-time employees, do not qualify as a religious
employer and are not entitled to the grandfather exemption.
39. Because of the Mandate, Plaintiffs current health insurance plan provides
coverage for contraceptives and abortifacient drugs and related education and counseling
in violation of Plaintiffs sincerely held religious beliefs. At renewal of its plan year on
July 1, 2013, the Dealerships were forced to comply with the Mandate in violation of
their sincerely-held religious beliefs.
B. The Affordable Care Act and the Mandate.
40. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), Pub. L. No. 111-
148, 124 Stat. 119, requires group health plans to provide women with preventative care
and screenings without cost sharing by the patient. See U.S.C. 300gg-13(a)(4).
41. The ACA provides:
A group health plan and a health insurance issuer offering group or individual
health insurance coverage shall, at a minimum provide coverage for and shall
not impose any cost sharing requirements for . . . (4) with respect to women,
such additional preventative care and screenings not described in paragraph (1)
as provided for in comprehensive guidelines supported by the Health
Resources and Services Administration for purposes of this paragraph.
Id.
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42. The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) asked the
Institute of Medicine (IOM), an arm of the National Academy of Sciences, to
recommend which drugs, procedures, and services should be covered as preventative care
for women.
43. IOMs report recommended, among other things, that the guidelines require
coverage for the full range of Food and Drug Administration [FDA]-approved
contraceptive methods, sterilization procedures, and patient education and counseling for
women with reproductive capacity. Institute for Medicine, Clinical Preventive Services
for Women: Closing the Gaps (2011), available at
http://cnsnews.com/sites/default/files/documents/INSTITUTE%20OF%20MEDICINE-
PREVENTIVE%20SERVICES%20REPORT.pdf.
44. HRSA adopted the IOMs recommendation. See Health Resources and
Services Administration, Womens Preventative Services: Required Health Plan
Coverage Guidelines, http://www.hrsa.gov/womensguidelines (last visited Jan. 7, 2014)
(HRSA Guidelines).
45. Defendants issued a final rule on February 15, 2012 mandating coverage
under the ACA for all FDA-approved contraceptive methods, sterilization procedures,
and patient education and counseling for women with reproductive capacity (the
Mandate). See 77 Fed. Reg. 8725.
46. The FDA has approved twenty (20) contraceptive methods and sterilization
procedures, including IUDs and emergency contraceptives commonly known as Plan B
and ella. FDA Office of Womens Health, Birth Control Guide, available at
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http://www.fda.gov/downloads/ForConsumers/ByAudience/ForWomen/FreePublications/
UCM356451.pdf.
47. These so-called emergency contraceptives and certain IUDs can, and often
do, prevent the implantation of a human embryo and, thereby, can cause the unnatural,
premature death of a developing human. In other words, Plaintiffs believe that certain
drugs and devices that the government has labeled as a contraceptive do not prevent
conception; rather, it is Plaintiffs religious belief that such drugs and devices act to
induce a chemical abortion of a human life. Thus, emergency contraceptives, to the
Plaintiffs, is a political misnomer of the governments creation. Rather than a means to
prevent the conception of a human life, Plaintiffs sincerely believe that Plan B, ella, and
certain IUDs are abortifacients that immorally destroy a conceived human life.
48. The ACA requires employers with more than fifty full-time employees to
provide health insurance coverage that complies with the ACA and the Mandate or pay
substantial fines and penalties. See 26 U.S.C. 4980H.
49. For example, an employer who offers a health plan but does not comply
with a portion of the ACA or the Mandate shall be taxed, $100 for each day in the
noncompliance period with respect to each individual to whom such failure relates. 26
U.S.C. 4980D(b)(1).
50. If an employer with more than fifty full-time employees fails to offer any
health plan, the employer will be fined $2,000 per year per employee. See 26 U.S.C.
4980H(a).
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51. The requirement to offer a group health plan and the accompanying fine for
failure to do so does not apply to employers with fewer than fifty (50) employees. 26
U.S.C. 4980H(c)(2)(A).
52. Certain provisions of the ACA do not apply to members of certain religious
groups. See, e.g., 26 U.S.C. 5000A(d)(2)(a)(i) (stating that the individual mandate does
not apply to members of a recognized religious sect or division that conscientiously
objects to acceptance of public or private insurance funds); 5000A(d)(2)(a)(ii) (stating
that the individual mandate does not apply to members of a health care sharing ministry
that meets certain criteria).
53. The Mandate does not apply to preexisting health plans that are
grandfathered. 76 Fed. Reg. 46623 & n.4.
54. The ACA creates a system of individualized exemptions because, under the
ACAs authorization, the federal government has granted discretionary compliance
waivers to a variety of for-profit businesses, unions, and other organizations for purely
secular or political reasons.
55. To date, HHS has granted over 1,000 individualized waiver requests to
employers and insurance plans excusing them from compliance with the ACA. See The
Center for Consumer Information & Insurance Oversight, Annual Limits Policy:
Protecting Consumers, Maintaining Options, and Building a Bridge to 2014,
http://www.cms.gov/CCIIO/Resources/Files/approved_applications_for_waiver.html
(last visited January 17, 2014).
56. The Mandate does not apply to certain religious entities and individuals.
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57. The HRSA may establish exemptions for religious employers. 45 C.F.R.
147.130(a)(iv)(A). HHS regulations define religious employer as an organization
that meets all of the following criteria: (1) The inculcation of religious values is the
purpose of the organization. (2) The organization primarily employs persons who share
the religious tenets of the organization. (3) The organization serves primarily persons
who share the religious tenets of the organization. (4) The organization is a nonprofit
organization as described in section 6033(a)(1) and section 60343(a)(3)(A)(i) or (iii) of
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. 45 C.F.R. 147.130(a)(iv)(B).
58. However, amended guidelines effective August 1, 2013, define, religious
employer as, an employer that is organized and operates as a nonprofit entity and is
referred to in section 6033(a)(3)(A)(i) or (iii) of the Internal Revenue Code. 78 Fed.
Reg. 39874 (July 2, 2013). The referenced section of the Internal Revenue Code refers to
churches, their integrated auxiliaries, and conventions or associations of churches and
the exclusively religious activities of any religious order. 26 U.S.C. 6033(a)(3)(A)(i)
and (iii).
59. In addition, Defendants have provided an accommodation for certain non-
exempt religious organizations. See 78 Fed. Reg. 39874.
60. An organization is eligible for the accommodation if it (1) [o]pposes
providing coverage for some or all of the contraceptive services required to be covered
. . . on account of religious objections; (2) is organized and operates as a nonprofit entity;
(3) holds itself out as a religious organization; and (4) self-certifies that it satisfies the
first three criteria. Id.
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61. No exemption or accommodation exists for for-profit organizations such as
the Dealerships, even if they object to the Mandate based on sincerely held religious
beliefs.
62. The Mandate is not generally applicable because there are numerous
exemptions from its rules and applicability.
63. The Mandate is not neutral because many organizations and individuals,
both secular and religious, are exempt from complying with the provisions of the ACA,
including the Mandate, or have received individual compliance waivers exempting them
from provisions of the ACA, including the Mandate.
64. If Plaintiffs provided a group health plan that did not include coverage
required by the Mandate, they would be subject to a tax of $100 for each day in the
noncompliance period with respect to each individual to whom such failure relates. 26
U.S.C. 4980D(b)(1).
65. If Plaintiffs provided no group health plan, they would be fined $2,000 per
year per employee.
66. The Mandate illegally and unconstitutionally forces Plaintiffs to violate
their sincerely held religious beliefs concerning the sanctity of human life, contraception,
and abortifacient drugs to avoid incurring substantial taxes, fines, and penalties.
Compliance with the mandate would levy a substantial burden upon the exercise of
religion by the Plaintiffs, causing irreparable harm and forcing them to abandon or act in
derogation of their religious beliefs by providing insurance coverage for abortifacient
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drugs and devices and counseling, education, and dissemination of information
concerning same.
CLAIMS FOR RELIEF
COUNT I
Violation of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act, 42 U.S.C. 2000bb
67. Plaintiffs hereby incorporate by reference, paragraphs 1 through 66, as
though fully set forth herein.
68. Plaintiffs are persons exercising religion under, and within the meaning of,
the Religious Freedom Restoration Act, 42, U.S.C. 2000bb (RFRA).
69. Plaintiffs sincerely held religious beliefs prohibit them from purchasing,
providing coverage for, or otherwise supporting the use of certain contraceptives,
abortifacient drugs, and related education and counseling in their employee group health
plan.
70. When Plaintiffs adhere to Christian Biblical teachings with regard to
contraceptives, abortifacient drugs, and related education and counseling, they exercise
religion within the meaning of the RFRA.
71. The Mandate coerces Plaintiffs to change or violate their sincerely held
religious beliefs by requiring them to purchase, provide coverage for, or otherwise
support the use of certain contraceptives, abortifacient drugs, and related education and
counseling in their employee group health plan.
72. By not complying, the Mandate inflicts substantial taxes, fines, and
penalties on Plaintiffs for exercising their sincerely held religious beliefs.
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73. The Mandate imposes a substantial burden on Plaintiffs exercise of their
religion.
74. The Defendants exemption of certain, and many, groups from the
requirements of the Mandate together with their failure to accommodate Plaintiffs
religious beliefs is highly selective, arbitrary, and discriminatory.
75. The Mandate furthers no compelling government interest.
76. The Mandate is not narrowly tailored to any alleged compelling
government interest.
77. The Mandate is not the least restrictive means of furthering any alleged
compelling government interest.
78. The Mandate violates RFRA.
79. Absent injunctive and declaratory relief against the Mandate, Plaintiffs
have been and will continue to be harmed.
COUNT II
Violation of the Free Exercise Clause of
the First Amendment to the United States Constitution
plan.
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82. When Plaintiffs adhere to Christian Biblical teachings with regard to
contraceptives, abortifacient drugs, and related education and counseling, they exercise
religion within the meaning of the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment.
83. The Mandate is not neutral and is not generally applicable.
84. Defendants have created categorical and individualized exemptions to the
Mandate.
86. The Mandate is not the least restrictive means of furthering any alleged
government interest, nor is it narrowly tailored to any alleged government interest.
87. The Mandate coerces Plaintiffs to change or violate their sincerely held
religious beliefs.
88. Compliance with the Mandate imposes a substantial burden on Plaintiffs
exercise of their religion by forcing Plaintiffs to purchase, provide coverage for, or
otherwise support the use of certain contraceptives, abortifacient drugs, and related
education and counseling in their employee group health plan in violation of their
sincerely held religious beliefs.
89. Noncompliance with the Mandate imposes substantial taxes, fines, and
penalties on Plaintiffs for exercising their religious beliefs.
90. The Mandate is designed to apply to some religious individuals but not to
others, resulting in discrimination among religions.
91. The Mandate permits HRSA unlimited discretion to decide to exempt
some, all, or no organizations meeting the definition of religious employers.
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92. Defendants have provided exemptions to the Mandate for some religious
individuals but not others based on characteristics of their beliefs and the manner in
which they exercise them.
93. Defendants designed the Mandate and the religious exemption in a way that
makes it impossible for Plaintiffs to comply with their religious beliefs.
94. Defendants created both the Mandate and the religious exemption with the
purpose and intent to suppress Plaintiffs religious exercise.
95. The Mandate violates Plaintiffs rights under the Free Exercise Clause of
the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.
COUNT III
Violation of the Establishment Clause of
the First Amendment to the United States Constitution
plan.
99. The First Amendments Establishment Clause prohibits the establishment
of any religion as well as excessive government entanglement with religion.
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100. The Establishment Clause requires that the government remain neutral in
all matters of religion.
101. The Mandate requires Defendants to examine Plaintiffs religious beliefs to
determine whether they are sufficiently religious to qualify for the exemption or whether
they must comply with the Mandate.
102. This examination requires continuous surveillance of Plaintiffs religious
exercise, causing an impermissible degree of entanglement with religion in violation of
the Establishment Clause.
103. The Mandate discriminates between religions and denominations and
exhibits hostility to religious beliefs.
104. The Mandate adopts a particular view of what is acceptable moral
complicity in provision of contraceptive and abortifacient-drug coverage and imposes it
upon all religious individuals who must either conform to the mandates view or suffer
penalties.
105. The Mandate violates Plaintiffs rights under the Establishment Clause of
the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.
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COUNT IV
Violation of the Free Speech Clause of the First
Amendment to the United States Constitution Compelled Speech
108. A businesss conduct and speech relating to the provision of an employee
health plan is speech protected by the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment.
109. Expenditures of money are a form of protected speech.
plan.
111. The Mandates requirement that all group health plans provide coverage for
patient education and counseling in relation to contraceptives, sterilization, and
abortifacient drugs forces Plaintiffs to subsidize speech and expressive conduct that is
directly contrary to Plaintiffs religious beliefs.
113. The Mandate is not narrowly tailored to any alleged compelling
government interest, nor is it the least restrictive means of furthering any alleged
government interest.
114. As a result of the aforementioned violations of the Free Speech Clause of
the First Amendment, the Mandate is facially invalid.
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115. As a result of the aforementioned violations of the Free Speech Clause of
the First Amendment, the Mandate is invalid as applied.
116. The Mandate violates Plaintiffs rights under the Free Speech Clause of the
First Amendment to the United States Constitution.
COUNT V
Violation of the Free Speech Clause of the First
Amendment to the United States Constitution Expressive Association
119. The Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment to the United States
Constitution protects Plaintiffs right to expressive association.
120. Plaintiffs profess and support in their community the message and belief
that life begins at conception and that the use of so-called emergency contraceptives,
abortifacient drugs, and certain IUDs violate their sincerely held religious beliefs.
121. The Mandate would compel Plaintiffs to provide, subsidize, fund, or
participate in the provision or subsidization of the very activities that Plaintiffs profess to
be violations of their religious beliefs.
122. The Mandate would compel Plaintiffs to provide, subsidize, fund, or
participate in the provision or subsidization of so-called emergency contraceptives,
abortifacient drugs, certain IUDs, and related education and counseling.
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123. Defendants actions thus violate Plaintiffs rights to expressive association
under the Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.
COUNT VI
Violation of the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution
126. The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides that the
government shall not deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process
of law and implicitly ensures equal protection of the law to all people.
127. Under the Fifth Amendment, the government must remain neutral in
matters of religion and religious organization.
128. The Mandate discriminates between religions and denominations and
exhibits hostility to religious beliefs.
129. The Mandate requires Defendants to examine Plaintiffs religious beliefs to
determine whether they are sufficiently religious to qualify for the exemption or whether
they must comply with the Mandate.
130. For-profit companies and their owners, no matter how religious, are not
included in the exemption to the ACA or the Mandate.
131. While a church and its pastor are exempt from the Mandate, a lay person
who owns a for-profit company and his or her company are not exempt, despite the fact
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that they hold the same religious beliefs and objections to the Mandate as the church and
its pastor.
132. Thus, the exemption unconstitutionally discriminates in favor of some
religious persons and entities and against others.
133. The governments discrimination between different religious individuals
and entities is a violation of the Fifth Amendments due process, equal protection, and
neutrality requirements. The Mandate does not treat each similarly situated religious
objector equally under the law. The government is unconstitutionally favoring religious
objectors who are clergy or entities organized as a church over those who are lay people
who own for-profit businesses or entities organized as a for-profit business.
134. As a result of the aforementioned violations under the Fifth Amendment,
the Mandate is facially invalid.
135. As a result of the aforementioned violations under the Fifth Amendment,
the Mandate is invalid as applied.
136. The Mandate violates Plaintiffs rights to due process and equal protection
under the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
PRAYER FOR RELIEF
1. WHEREFORE, Plaintiffs request a jury trial on the claims presented herein
and request that the Court:
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2. Declare that the Mandate and its application to Plaintiffs violate the
Religious Freedom Restoration Act;
3. Declare that the Mandate and its application to Plaintiffs violate the Free
Exercise Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution;
4. Declare that the Mandate and its application to Plaintiffs violate the
Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution;
5. Declare that the Mandate and its application to Plaintiffs violate the Free
Speech Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution;
6. Declare that the Mandate and its application to Plaintiffs violate the Fifth
Amendment to the United States Constitution;
7. Issue both preliminary and permanent injunctions prohibiting Defendants
from applying the Mandate to and enforcing the Mandate against Plaintiffs;
8. Declare that an insurance issuer that offers a group health plan to Plaintiffs
that excludes the coverage required by the Mandate does not violate the ACA or the
Mandate;
9. Award Plaintiffs costs and reasonable attorney fees;
10. Award such other relief as the Court deems just.
26
January 29, 2014 LIBERTY INSTITUTE
By: /s/ Kathryn M. Nash
Kathryn M. Nash (MN Bar No. 0312496)
Meghann F. Kantke (MN Bar No. 0391270)
Pamela Kovacs (MN Bar No. 0394817)
Volunteer Attorneys, Liberty Institute
80 South Eighth Street, Suite 500
Minneapolis, MN 55402
Telephone: (612) 632-3000
Facsimile: (612) 632-4444
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
Jeff Mateer, (TX Bar No.: 13185320)
General Counsel, Liberty Institute
Jeremiah G. Dys (W. Va Bar No.: 9998)
Senior Counsel, Liberty Institute
2001 Plano Parkway, Suite 1600
Plano, TX 75075
[email protected]
[email protected]
ATTORNEYS FOR PLAINTIFFS

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

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