Home Forums CAT 2014 MBA Preparation Articles Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams

Search forums
< Jump to... >


New Batches at TathaGat Delhi & Noida!
Display replies flat, with oldest first
Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by Kumar Abhishek - Wednesday, 8 June 2011, 04:38 PM
In our daily lives we often come across situations where our common perception and associations of
experiences vis--vis objects around us help us overcome them. But the moment we confront situations
labelled EXAMS, we start relying on roting and mugging, instead of applying our brains. With a little insight
in logic, it is easy to see that all the B-School entrance exams focus on gauging the aptitude of the
students. And hence, although mugging up some basics is extremely important, the greater focus should be
applied on the whys and hows of the basics. For if we have once understood the whys of the basics, they
remain rooted in our brains forever- always ready to lend a helping hand when we get stuck. Today we shall
play around some basic statements in logic and decipher what their true meanings are. So brace yourselves
for here we go! Let us look at certain premises- Either you give me a diamond ring or I shall marry someone
else.I shall marry you only if you give me a diamond ring.I shall marry you if you give me a diamond
ring.
All of these premises seem pretty similar in nature, but much to your chagrin women have remained the
most complicated species on the planet and believe them though you would, if the interpretations are not
clear in your head, you could end up giving the diamond AND not getting married to her! Sounds cruel? Well, so is the fairer gender
err I mean life! Read on
Logical Consistency- This topic suggests that based upon agreed premises we need to be able to keep our further
interpretations consistent with what we have agreed upon erstwhile. Else either the premises were faulty or we are
not being consistent with our interpretations. I am reminded here of the classic method through which Socrates used
to find flaws with generally formed opinions simply by challenging the flaws of the interpretation. He could rip his
opponents off even if they outnumbered him 5 to 1.
In Logical consistency we basically deal with three broad premises. These are:
a) The EITHER/OR Premise
b) The IF Premise, and,
c) The ONLY IF Premise
a) Either/Or Premises
The either/or premise is a condition in which the doer is restricted to only one choice of action, i.e. if he performs
one of the two offered actions, he CANNOT perform the other. For e.g. if our premise be Ravi either runs or sleeps,
then there are four propositions/questions that can be asked on the basis of the information provided by the premise.
These propositions are-
i) What can be said if Ravi is running?
ii) What can be said if Ravi is not running?
iii) What can be said if Ravi is sleeping?
iv) What can be said if Ravi is not sleeping?
The answers, being logically consistent with the premise, are
i) Ravi is NOT sleeping. (Since he can perform only one of these actions, and he IS performing one of them, then,
being logically consistent, he CANNOT perform the other. Ergo, we have a Necessity answer here. **Refer to my
previous article for Necessity and Possibility related queries.
ii) Nothing can be said with necessity/'certainty'. (He may choose to sleep, or he may not. The premise restricts the
doer with the clause that he can perform only one action, and does not inform us what course of action can be
taken if he is NOT performing one of the actions. Hence we have a Possibility answer here, i.e. he may/may not
sleep.)
On similar lines, therefore, the answers to questions iii and iv are-
iii) Ravi is not running. (Necessity)
iv) He may/may not run. (Possibility)
So far so good. However, there is a corollary to the either/or premise as well. Lets deal with it and finish our
business with this first premise.
Corollary to the either/or premise:
If the premise states that Ravi must either sleep or run, then the answers to the four questions asked earlier will
ALL turn into necessities, i.e. the new answers are
i) Ravi is not sleeping. (Necessity)
ii) Ravi is sleeping. (Necessity)
iii) Ravi is not running. (Necessity)
iv) Ravi is running. (Necessity)
I hope the difference between the two cases is sufficiently clear. The corollary uses the word must, thereby leaving
no option for the doer but to perform one of these actions mandatorily.
Now try your luck with the diamond ring!!
Takeaways
The typical either/or case leaves us with two necessities and two possibilities.
The inclusion of must/has to etc. indicates that all the answers will be necessities.
b) The IF premise
In the world of logic, if is synonymous with when, whenever, every time and each time. Hence if the premise
reads Ravi runs if he falls, it can be read as Ravi runs every time/ each time/ when/ whenever he falls. And
similarly, if the premise reads Ravi runs every time he falls, it can be treated as Ravi runs if/when/ whenever/ every
time/ each time he falls, and so on
Now, since logic creates confusion in minds by playing around with variables, it can be pretty tricky to understand
the implications at times, especially so, when the premise states something that is contrary to our common
perceptions. For instance, let us consider the following premise-
He does not breathe if he does not die.
As in the either/or case, four questions can be asked again vis--vis the implications of the premise. These are-
i) What can be said if he breathes?
ii) What can be said if he does not breathe?
iii) What can be said if he dies?
iv) What can be said if he does not die?
Take a few seconds to find the answers on your own.
If you are done, I might venture to guess that some of the answers would have troubled your reasoning powers. So
let me try to make life easier for you.
The premise that we have been presented with beats our perception of the earthly world. So let us understand by a
more earthly example. For instance,
Water stirs if I throw a stone into it.
This is a pretty simple premise and does not pose any challenges to our intellectual quotient. (Hopefully!!) So let us
ask the four questions again.
i) What can be said if I throw a stone?
ii) What can be said if I do not throw a stone?
iii) What can be said if water stirs? and,
iv) What can be said if water does not stir?
Answers-
i) Water stirs.
(Necessity. Since our premise has already stated that water has to stir every time I throw a stone.)
ii) Water may/may not stir.
(Possibility. Since we do not know whether some other factors might not have contributed to its stirring. As I often
say in class Bhains bhi to ghuss sakti hai paani mein!!!)
iii) I may/may not have thrown a stone.
(Possibility. On lines similar to the one I offered in the previous answer call it The Bhains Factor, if you like!!)
iv) I have NOT thrown a stone.
(Necessity. If water is not stirring, at least this much is certain that my throwing stone action has not been
performed.)
So here we are with two necessity answers and two possibility answers. And now that you have understood this one
premise, you can apply it to virtually ANY question. In fact now it has become a sort of mathematical formula for us.
But, the most important part to remember in this formula is that whatever is immediately to the right side of
if/when/whenever/every time etc. will be treated as throw stone, and the rest as water stirs. Before we
move any further, try to visualise completely the four answers that we have arrived at with this formula of ours.
Once internalised, it will help us solve questions at rocket-speed! Now let us see the missile in action.
Our previous premise was- He does not breathe if he does not die.
Now, by applying the formula we can read this premise as-
He does not breathe if he does not die.
Water stirs throw stone
So
Does not breathe = Water stirs
Breathes = Water doesnt stir
And,
Does not die = Throw stone ANNEXURE
Dies = Do not throw stone
We need to remember this relationship. After a couple of questions this becomes automatic though.
He does not breathe if he does not die.
Water stirs throw stone
i) What can be said if he breathes?
ii) What can be said if he does not breathe?
iii) What can be said if he dies?
iv) What can be said if he does not die?
PLEASE GO THROUGH THE ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS REALLY SLOWLY!!!!
So the answers to the questions are-
i) What can be said if he breathes?
i) He dies.
(Simple! Refer to the annexure. Since does not breathe= water stirs, then breathes = water does not stir. And if
water does not stir, we havent thrown a stone. Thus our answer is did not throw stone. And since throw stone=
does not die, then the opposite i.e. do not throw stone will mean dies. )
ii) What can be said if he does not breathe?
ii) He may/may not die.
(Refer to the annexure. Again, does not breathe = water stirs. And, if water stirs, then the stone may/may not have
been thrown- remember the Bhains Factor?? And, hence he may/may not die.)
iii) What can be said if he dies?
iii) He may/may not breathe.
(Refer to the annexure. Now, since does not die= throw stone, therefore Dies= do not throw stone. And thus water
may/may not stir which means he may/may not breathe. Another possibility.)
iv) What can be said if he does not die?
iv) He does not breathe.
(Necessity. Refer to the annexure. Simple! Does not die= throw stone, and throw stone means water has to stir.
And consequently, since water stirs = does not breathe, thus a necessity answer!)
I INSIST THAT YOU INTERNALISE THE ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS ONCE AGAIN! I REPEAT THIS, SINCE IN
THE FIRST GO IT DOES SEEM A LITTLE HECTIC. TAKE ONE STEP AT A TIME AND BE PATIENT. ONCE YOU HAVE
UNDERSTOOD EVEN ONE ANSWER, YOU SHALL BE ABLE TO FIGURE OUT THE REST.
The question that we just worked our way around with is possibly one of the most difficult kind. And if you have
understood this question, I promise you the rest of the questions will be a cakewalk!!
Once you have mastered the art of reading a throw stone and water stirs in every IF Premise- mark my words- you
can solve questions in span of flat 10 seconds!!
Let us try with our diamond ring ka promise wallah premise!!
If you give me a diamond ring I will marry you!
throw stone water stirs
***(This time, we have the first part of the premise immediately close to IF, and hence we have converted
this portion into throw stone and the rest into water stirs)
So now,
i) If I give a ring = throw stone// Throw stone = water stirs// water stirs= she will marry me!! (Necessity!!
Hurrah!!)
ii) If I do not give a ring = did not throw stone = water may/may not stir = may/may not marry me!! (Possibility
exists!! One more reason to smile yet!!)
iii) If she marries me=water stirs=may/ may not throw stone=may/may not give diamond. (Men can be sly too!!)
iv) If she does not marry me=water doesnt stir=didnt throw stone=I didnt give the ring. (Necessity!!)
Now take a stock of the situation and decide whether the investment in diamond is worth it or not!![Especially when
the situation involves the fairer gender!!]
On a serious note, some of the answers may befuddle you, but if we are to be logically consistent, then every case
of IF premise should yield the same results, and though some may sound absurd, remember, we play along with
variables in logic. And sometimes these variables can play funny tricks! In my Syllogisms chapter, therefore, I had
invested three or four sentences in delivering the importance of not getting emotional with the variables.
Takeaways
The IF Premise is synonymous with when/whenever/every time and each time premises.
Do not be troubled by the variables of the question.
Apply the throw stone, water stirs theorem.
What immediately follows If, When etc. is throw stone and the rest of the portion is water stirs.

The Only If Premise
Just as we saw that the IF premise is synonymous with when, whenever etc., so too our Only If premise is
synonymous with Only When and Not Unless. Therefore,
I sleep only if I am tired. = I sleep only when I am tired. = I do not sleep unless I am tired.
All the three premises will receive the same treatment.
And, just as we developed a universally consistent theorem with the IF premise, so shall we develop a simple theorem
for the Only If premises. And our theorem is going to be something that all of us will be able to understand. (Again,
hopefully!!)
Consider the following premise-
I shall get into IIT only if I write JEE.
Hope all of you get at least this one!!
So now,
i) If I get into IIT then, I must have written JEE.
(Necessity. Since our premise states categorically that this is the only way in which I could have reached the IIT)
ii) If I do not get into IIT, I may/may not have written JEE.
(i.e. I may have written JEE but not succeeded, or I may not have written it at all, in which case again I cannot get
into IIT. Our premise states that the only way to get into IIT is by writing JEE. But it does not state that if I write
JEE I will necessarily get into the IIT. So we have a possibility answer here.)
iii) If I write JEE then, I may/may not get into IIT.
(Again a possibility. We can argue on the same lines as we did in the previous argument.)
iv) If I do not write JEE then, I can not go to IIT.
(Necessity answer. Since the premise states that the only way to get into IIT is to write JEE, then if we do not
follow the requirement, we cannot get into the IIT.)
Once again, I would suggest that you slowly review and internalise the answers.
Now, the important thing to remember, henceforth, is that whatever comes immediately after only if will be
treated as write JEE, and the rest will be get into IIT.
If you observe carefully, the possibility answers of the if premise become the necessity answers in the only if
premise. But that is irrelevant from the students point of view. Just remember that for the if premise we use the
throw stone/ water stirs theorem, and for the only if premises we use the IIT/JEE theorem.
Let us try this theorem on a question. Our premise is-
He doe not fall unless he runs.
First of all, since it is a not unless statement, let us convert it into only if statement; it is easier to figure out
positive statements. So now our question reads-
He falls only if he runs.
Time for conversion into IIT/JEE Model.
He falls only if he runs.
Get into IIT write JEE
Now,
He falls = Gets into IIT
He does not fall = Does not get into IIT.
And,
He runs = Writes JEE ANNEXURE
Does not run = Does not write JEE
The questions are:
i) What can be said if he runs? (Read writes JEE)
ii) What can be said if he does not run? (Read does not write JEE)
iii) What can be said if he falls? (Read gets into IIT)
iv) What can be said if he does not fall? (Read does not get into IIT)
Answers:
i) He may/may not have fallen.
(Possibility. Refer to the annexure. He runs=he writes JEE, and if he writes JEE, he may/may not get into IIT, hence
finally, he may/may not fall.)
ii) He does not fall.
(Necessity. Refer to the annexure. Does not run=does not write JEE, and if he does not write JEE, then he does not
get into IIT. And, does not get into IIT= He does not fall.)
iii) He runs.
(Necessity. Refer to the annexure. He falls=gets into IIT, which means he must have written JEE. And write JEE=he
runs.)
iv) He may/may not have run.
(Possibility. Refer to the annexure. Does not fall=does not get into IIT. And, if he does not get into IIT he may/may
not have written JEE, hence the answer turns out to be a possibility.)
Let us try the only if condition on our water stirs problem and see what we get when we convert an if premise into
an only if premise. I am doing this not to confuse you, but to illustrate that both the premises have different
impacts on deriving consistent conclusions. And therefore, we must treat if cases with a different theorem and only
if cases with a different one. In our case, we have decided to treat the if cases with water stirs/throw stone
theorem, and the only if cases with IIT/JEE theorem.
So what happens when we face a premise such as-
Water stirs only if I throw a stone into it.
You will presently see that while it was mandatory for water to stir if we threw a stone into it, once we have
converted it to only if, it may refuse to stir despite my throwing stone into it!! Dont believe me?? See for yourself!!
Time for conversion into IIT/JEE model since it is an only if premise.
Water stirs only if I throw a stone into it.
get into IIT write JEE
Now,
Water stirs = Got into IIT
Water does not stir = Did not get into IIT
And,
Threw a stone = Wrote JEE
Did not throw stone = Did not write JEE
The questions are
i) What can be said if water stirs?
ii) What can be said if water does not stir?
iii) What can be said if I throw a stone?
iv) What can be said if I do not throw a stone?
Answers:
i) I threw a stone.
(Necessity. Since water stirs=got into IIT, and got into IIT means I must have written JEE, and also, Wrote
JEE=Threw a stone, therefore we have arrived at a necessity conclusion.)
You can also try it through the following conversion mechanism:
If water stirs (Question)=got into IIT=wrote JEE =Threw a stone (Answer). (Necessity)
ii) I may/may not throw stone.
(Possibility. Since water does not stir=did not get into IIT, and did not get into IIT means we may/may not have
written JEE, hence the answer must be a possibility.)
Or you could try this one-
Water does not stir (Question)=did not get into IIT=may/may not have written JEE=May/may not have thrown
stone (Answer). (Possibility)
iii) Water may/may not stir.
(Possibility. Since throw stone=wrote JEE, and wrote JEE means I may/may not get into IIT, the answer has to be a
possibility.) { Had told you so earlier!!}
Or,
If I throw a stone (Question)=wrote JEE=may/may not get into IIT=Water may/may not stir (Answer).
(Possibility)
iv) Water does not stir.
(Necessity. Since do not throw stone=did not write JEE, and if I do not write JEE then I cannot get into IIT, and
also, did not get into IIT=water does not stir, therefore we arrive at another necessity conclusion.)
Or,
Do not throw stone (Question)=did not write JEE=did not get into IIT=Water does not stir (Answer). (Necessity)
Now try it on the diamond ring premise and be surprised by the results!! ;)
Takeaways
The only if premise is synonymous with only when and not unless premises.
Only If needs a separate theorem, since it yields different possibilities and necessities, when compared with
the If premise.
Whatever immediately follows only if/when should be converted into write JEE and the rest should be treated
as get into IIT.
If it is a not unless statement, convert it first into only if. It helps.
The purpose of my writing this piece is to simplify things for the future at the cost of making the present thoda sa
inconvenient. The idea is pretty generic though- If you understand even one question thoroughly, you can safely
treat the rest of the questions using the same concept.
I want all of you to have 100% accuracy in syllogism and logical consistency now onwards! Although such questions
have faded in CAT nowadays, they grab center-stage in exams such as SNAP, JMET, GMAT etc. These basics help us
find the truer meanings of statements made in real life events. AND, these basics go a long way in handling Critical
Reasoning and RC questions.
Now it is time for you to attempt some questions.
Here they are
Directions: Each question provides a basic premise. There are four statements, numbered 1, 2, 3, and 4, that
follow the premise. The options are combinations of two statements from 1 to 4. Choose the option in which the
first statement leads to the second as a necessity.
1. Jayantika sleeps when she wakes up.
1. Jayantika is sleeping
2. Jayantika wakes up.
3. Jayantika is not sleeping.
4. Jayantika does not wake up.

A. 1 and 4
B. 3 and 4
C. 3 and 2
D. 2 and 3
E. 2 and 4

2. The ground gets wet only if it rains.
1.The ground is wet.
2. It did not rain.
3. It rained. &
Reply
Ratings: 5 / 5 (2) Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by Kumar Abhishek - Wednesday, 8 June 2011, 04:48 PM

Here are the questions. Please ignore what's left incomplete in the post.
1. Jayantika sleeps when she wakes up.
1. Jayantika is sleeping.
2. Jayantika wakes up.
3. Jayantika is not sleeping.
4. Jayantika does not wake up.
A. 1 and 4
B. 3 and 4
C. 3 and 2
D. 2 and 3
E. 2 and 4

2. The ground gets wet only if it rains.
1.The ground is wet.
2. It did not rain.
3. It rained.
4. The ground is not wet.
A. 1 and 4
B. 3 and 2
C. 2 and 4
D. 3 and 4
E. 4 and 1
3.Salman feels happy only if he beats Vivek.
1. Salman beat Vivek.
2. Salman was happy.
3. Salman Did not beat Vivek.
4. Salman was not happy.
A. 3 and 4
B. 4 and 3
C. 1 and 3
D. 3 and 2
E. 1 and 2
4.Kumar feels unhappy if the students are non-serious.
1. Kumar does not feel unhappy.
2. Kumar feels unhappy.
3. Students are serious.
4. Students are non-serious.
A. 4 and 1
B. 1 and 3
C. 3 and 1
D. 3 and 2
E. 1 and 2
5. The rocket is launched when the button is pressed.
1. The button was pressed.
2. The button was not pressed.
3. The rocket was launched.
4. The rocket was not launched.
A. 1 and 3
B. 3 and 2
C. 3 and 4
D. 2 and 4
E. 1 and 4

6. Saif drinks milk each time he goes to the lavatory.
1. Saif went to the lavatory.
2. Saif drank milk.
3. Saif did not go to the lavatory.
4. Saif did not drink milk.
A. 4 and 3
B. 2 and 1
C. 3 and 4
D. 2 and 3
E. 1 and 4

7. If Mika looks at Rakhi, Rakhi exclaims.
1. Rakhi exclaimed.
2. Rakhi did not exclaim.
3. Mika did not look at Rakhi.
4. Mika looked at Rakhi.

A. 4 and 2
B. 3 and 2
C. 1 and 4
D. 2 and 3
E. 1 and 3
8. Dhawal's motorcycle crashes only if he crosses LSR.
1. Dhawal crossed LSR.
2. Dhawal did not cross LSR.
3. Dhawal's motorcycle crashed.
4. Dhawal's motorcycle did not crash.
A. 1 and 3
B. 2 and 3
C. 3 and 2
D. 2 and 4
E. 1 and 4
9. He does not eat only when he does not feel hungry.
1. He ate.
2. He did not eat.
3. He felt hungry.
4. He did not feel hungry.
A. 1 and 3
B. 4 and 2
C. 4 and 1
D. 3 and 1
E. 2 and 3

10. Sanjeev does not run only if he is not chased by a bull.
1. Sanjeev ran.
2. Sanjeev did not run.
3. Sanjeev was not chased by a bull.
4. Sanjeev was chased by a bull.
A. 4 and 2
B. 2 and 1
C. 4 and 1
D. 3 and 4
E. 2 and 4
Show parent | Reply
Ratings: 5 / 5 (4) Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by nakul kothari - Thursday, 9 June 2011, 01:45 AM
Nice article sir..
Here are my answers-
1- b
2- c
3- a
4- b
5- a
6- a
7- d
8- d
9- d
10- c
Show parent | Reply
Ratings: 5 / 5 Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by ravi teja - Thursday, 9 June 2011, 03:18 PM

Good article sir....
These are my answers:-
1- b
2- c
3- a
4- b
5- a
6- a
7- d
8- d
9- d
10- c
Show parent | Reply
Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by jigyasa tiwari - Saturday, 11 June 2011, 09:01 PM
i never went through lr lyk dis..awesme wrk sir..ma answers r..
1.b
2.c
3.a
4.b
5.a
6.a
7.d
8.d
9.d
10.c
Show parent | Reply
Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by GAURAV Jain - Tuesday, 14 June 2011, 06:19 PM
Thanks sir for such a nice article.
My answers are
1.B
2.C
3.A
4.B
5.A
6.A
7.D
8.D
9.D
10.C
Show parent | Reply
Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by abrahim shah - Saturday, 18 June 2011, 01:15 AM
My answers are:-
1- B
2- C
3- A
4- B
5- A
6- A
7- D
8- D
9- D
10-C
Show parent | Reply
Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by Praveen Kumar - Saturday, 18 June 2011, 07:50 PM
My answers are:
1)b
2)c
3)a
4)b
5)a
6)a
7)d
8)d
9)d
10)c
Show parent | Reply
Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by Nikhil Sharma - Tuesday, 21 June 2011, 12:04 AM
What a brilliant article.
My answers :
1.B
2.C
3.A
4.B
5.A
6.A
7.B
8.D
9.D
10.C
Looking forward to seeing the answers soon !
Show parent | Reply
Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by sankalp saxena - Tuesday, 21 June 2011, 07:29 PM

As usual awesome sir!!!
Waise sir, what happened to that India winning against zimbabwe example..
Show parent | Reply
Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by gaurav midha - Friday, 24 June 2011, 12:11 AM
Sir Ji jhakaass article ...
My answers are:-
1 b
2 c
3 a
4 b
5 a
6 a
7 d
8 d
9 d
10 c
Jhaanpana tussi gr8 ho, tofhu kabul karo...

expecting more such articles...thanks a lot...
Show parent | Reply
Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by gaurav midha - Sunday, 26 June 2011, 06:50 PM
Hello Abhishek Sir,
I have a doubt, please help me.
Is there any difference between two sentences:-
1) P2 has to selected only if P3 has been selected.
2) P2 is selected only if P3 is selected.
Looking for a reply.
Thanks
Gaurav
Show parent | Reply
Ratings: 0 / 5 Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by deepak sharma - Wednesday, 29 June 2011, 08:14 AM

Si r how to go for thi s one ...
Ei ther i get what I am worth or I qui t.
A) I qui t.
B) I got what I am worth.
C) I di d not qui t.
D) I di d not get what I am worth.
1. CB
2. AD
3. DA
4. BC and AD
5. DA and CB
Is thi s somethi ng li ke : "I wi ll qui t i f I do not get what I am worth."
PPL please answer wi th some reasons also. It would be helpful.
Show parent | Reply
Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by Kumar Abhishek - Wednesday, 29 June 2011, 02:58 PM

Good job almost ALL of you!!!
Here are the answers:
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. A
6. A
7. D
8. D
9. D
10. C
Show parent | Reply
Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by Kumar Abhishek - Wednesday, 29 June 2011, 02:59 PM

India just won the World Cup Nikhil!!
Show parent | Reply
Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by Kumar Abhishek - Wednesday, 29 June 2011, 03:27 PM
Refer to the article Deepak, where I have dealt with the either/or cases. These cases are different from the if cases/ only if cases.
Here is the solution :
If I get = I do not quit. (Necessity)
If I do not get = I may/may not quit. (Possibility)
If I quit = I did not get...(Necessity)
If I did not quit = I may/may not quit. (Possibility)
Hope it helps.
Show parent | Reply
Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by Kumar Abhishek - Wednesday, 29 June 2011, 03:31 PM
Only the language part is different Gaurav. Both the premises yield the same necessities and possibilities.
Show parent | Reply
Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by Kaushik Ghosh - Wednesday, 29 June 2011, 04:07 PM

Its good but have I make it large...........
Here are my answers-
1- b
2- c
3- a
4- b
5- a
6- a
7- d
8- d
9- d
10- c
Show parent | Reply
Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by ritesh dahiya - Wednesday, 29 June 2011, 05:48 PM
my answer of logical consistency.....
1. (b)
2. (c)
3. (a)
4. (b)
5. (a)
6. (a)
7. (d)
8. (d)
9. (d)
10. (c)
Show parent | Reply
Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by gaurav midha - Wednesday, 29 June 2011, 08:26 PM
thanks a lot Sir ji.
Show parent | Reply
Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by lateef syed - Monday, 4 July 2011, 04:50 PM
thanx kumar sir for this brilliant article....with ur articles my hope of clearing CAT remains alive.
Sir if u can write articles on the following topics or if u had already written then plz give me links to these articles, it will help me in the long
run.i m scared of these topics:-
1. Probability.
2.lograthims
3.equations(quadratic and simultaneous)
4.percentages and profit/loss
5.inequations.
Thanx a lot
syed lateef
hope u wll find time to reply.
Show parent | Reply
Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by lateef syed - Monday, 4 July 2011, 04:51 PM
thanx kumar sir for this brilliant article....with ur articles my hope of clearing CAT remains alive.
Sir if u can write articles on the following topics or if u had already written then plz give me links to these articles, it will help me in the long
run.i m scared of these topics:-
1. Probability.
2.lograthims
3.equations(quadratic and simultaneous)
4.percentages and profit/loss
5.inequations.
Thanx a lot
syed lateef
hope u wll find time to reply.
Show parent | Reply
Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by hari shashvat - Tuesday, 12 July 2011, 11:05 AM

in question 3 the answer could be both (a) and (e).
similarly for question 9 the answer can also be (b) along with (d)
Please comment!
Show parent | Reply
Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by Kumar Abhishek - Tuesday, 12 July 2011, 10:38 PM
Read the article carefully Hari. It is precisely to take care of such fallacious arguments that I have written the article.
Show parent | Reply
Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by vishal singh - Thursday, 14 July 2011, 01:05 PM
Thank you sir for this excellent article....I have never expected that 'if' and 'only if' are so different and have so much impact on the
deduction of the premises.
Show parent | Reply
Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by Ashish Tripathi - Monday, 25 July 2011, 04:01 PM

Hello Sir,
in question 9, if you convert the premise as 'He eats only if he feels hungry', then the right answer comes as option A (He ate indicates
necessarily he was hungry). Please help!
Show parent | Reply
Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by Nik Kumar - Saturday, 30 July 2011, 03:29 AM

i also agree with Ashish.
option A is also a possible answer.
Show parent | Reply
Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by Amit Dixit - Tuesday, 9 August 2011, 11:58 PM
1-b
2-c
3-c
4-a
5-a
6-c
7-d
8-d
9-d
10-c
Show parent | Reply
Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by akhilesh agarwal - Friday, 12 August 2011, 01:02 PM

Hi Ashish,
He does not eat only if he is not hungry
is not the same as
He eats only if he is hungry

Read the article carefully ... I will explain it if you still dont get it
Try to solve it as it is given in the article.

A Small note: I have said that i do not eat only when i am not hungry
Does that means I would eat only if i am Hungry ?? Can i not eat when i am not Hungry ... ??

PS: Thanks TG sir,mam and Abhishek Sir for all there valuable Posts they have always helped me a lot in my prep.
Show parent | Reply
Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by sachin gill - Sunday, 28 August 2011, 05:14 PM
hi,
i just want to recommend an improvement over what abhishek sir has told us which can help in reducing time to come to the conclusion.
if we make use of Boolean values(true & false),premise can be easily solved.for ex . (taking up abhishek sir example):
He does not breathe if he does not die.
As in the either/or case, four questions can be asked again vis--vis the implications of the premise. These are-
i) What can be said if he breathes?
ii) What can be said if he does not breathe?
iii) What can be said if he dies?
iv) What can be said if he does not die?
solution :
(premise X)He does not breathe / if /(premise Y) he does not die.
this is for necessity condition
corollary(case 1: IF (if y= true then x= true and if x=false then y=false))
going by above mentioned corollary:
answer :
1)if he breathes => x= false which implies y= false for necessity. so the answer is he dies
on the same basis we have necessary answer for when he does not die =>he does not breathe.
Same way for onlyif logical condition can be framed
corollary(case 1: OnlyIF (if X= true then Y= true and if Y=false then X=false))
if any one still has doubt over this logical explanation do post me.
my question : suppose we have both mentioned necessary condition as answer , then what will the best answer out of two.
Sachin
Show parent | Reply
Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by I will WIN - Wednesday, 28 September 2011, 04:28 AM
Thanks a lot sir for such an beautiful article.
Show parent | Reply
Ratings: 4 / 5 Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by Shrey Kataria - Thursday, 17 November 2011, 05:30 PM
Thank you sir, for such a good class.
I learnt tho things
1. logical consistency (now, with very gud understanding)
2. a new word, CHAGRIN :P
Thank you sir.
My, answers are,
1.b
2.c
3.a
4.b
5.a
6.a
7.d
8.d
9.c
10.c
Show parent | Reply
Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by Shrey Kataria - Thursday, 17 November 2011, 05:32 PM
Thank you sir.
My, answers are,
1.b
2.c
3.a
4.b
5.a
6.a
7.d
8.d
9.c
10.c
But,m bit confused with the 9th question.
Show parent | Reply
Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by Nitin Kumar Sharma - Sunday, 27 November 2011, 10:55 PM
answer is option 4 (BC and AD).
basically if you have option "i get what i am worth" , then you wont "quit".. and vice versa...
BC and AD best fit into that ..
Show parent | Reply
Ratings: 4 / 5 (2) Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by Dainik Jain - Friday, 29 June 2012, 01:19 PM
sir first of all vry much thnkxxx for such a gr8 article..it colud hve never been so easy...i attempted the questions the same way...bt i could
not figure out the question asked..that we have to choose that combination of sentences in which the 1st one leads to the NECESSITY of
the other...:/
Show parent | Reply
Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by Kumar Abhishek - Thursday, 5 July 2012, 03:09 PM
Hi Dainik, the question wants you to choose the option that has the pair that leads to a logical necessity answer. For example, if the option
says 1 and 4, you have to test whether 1 leads to 4 as a necessity or not. Hope it helps.
Show parent | Reply
Rate...
Re: Logical Consistency for CAT & other B-School Exams
by neha aggarwal - Wednesday, 8 August 2012, 06:53 PM

Hi Sir ,
Thanks for the wonderful article.. Would you please help me with negation of these premises?
As in:
What will the negation of a IF, EITHER/OR and ONLY IF statement?
Neha
Show parent | Reply
Rate...
Send in my latest ratings
MBA CAT GMAT
Y ou are logged in as Dhawan Rac hakonda (Logout)