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Course Code :
Course Title : DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS
Course Structure : Lectures Tutorials Practicals Credits 3 1 - 4 Course Coordinator : P.Tirumalar Rao, Assistant Professor, Dept of ECE Team of Instructors : Mrs.. !u"an#a, Associate Professor, Dept of ECE
1. Course Overvie: T$e aim of t$is course is to pro%ide students &it$ a t$orou'$ understandin' of samplin', (uanti)in' and codin' to con%ert t$e analo' si'nals in to di'ital form. *arious analo' to di'ital con%ersion tec$ni(ues li"e PCM and Delta Modulation alon' &it$ t$e refined forms li"e DPCM and ADM are also discussed. +n addition to ,ase,and transmission of di'ital data o%er t$e c$annel, carrier modulation sc$emes li"e A!-, .!-, P!-, DP!- and /P!- are also co%ered. Also focuses on $o& information t$eor# relates to t$e desi'n of di'ital communications s#stems and to pro%ide t$e "no&led'e and s"ills to perform desi'n calculations on t$ese s#stems. !pecificall#, t$e students &ill learn from t$is course $o& to compress data &it$out sacrificin' information ,# usin' proper source codin' tec$ni(ues, $o& to protect transmitted data efficientl# ,# emplo#in' a proper c$annel codin' met$od, $o& to mana'e communication s#stem resources includin' ,and&idt$ and po&er ,# selectin' a proper si'nalin' and0or di'ital modulation sc$eme, $o& to allocate c$annel ,and&idt$ to %arious traffic t#pes 1%oice, data, %ideo, etc.2 usin' time di%ision multiple3in', and $o& to assess t$e performance of a 'i%en s#stem desi'n a'ainst critical information t$eoretic limits. !tudents &ill use standard mat$ematical met$ods to model and anal#)e di'ital communication s#stems and predict performance metrics suc$ as recei%ed !4R and e3pected ,it error ratio.
II. !rere"uisite#s$: Level Credits !eriods % &ee' !rere"uisites 56 4 4 !i'nals 7 !#stems, Analo' Communications III. Mar's Distri(ution: Sessional Mar's Universit) *nd *+am Mar's Total Mar's T$ere s$all ,e 8 midterm e3aminations. Eac$ midterm e3amination consists of su,9ecti%e test. T$e su,9ecti%e test is for 1: mar"s, &it$ duration of 8 $ours. !u,9ecti%e test of eac$ semester s$all contain : t&o mar" compulsor# (uestions in part-A and part-; contains : <: 1== (uestions, t$e student $as to ans&er 4 (uestions, eac$ carr#in' : mar"s. .irst midterm e3amination s$all ,e conducted for t$e first t&o and $alf units of s#lla,us and second midterm e3amination s$all ,e conducted for t$e remainin' portion. Ten mar"s are earmar"ed for assi'nments. T$ere s$all ,e t&o assi'nments in e%er# t$eor# course. Mar"s s$all ,e a&arded considerin' t$e a%era'e of t&o assi'nments in eac$ course.
,. Course O(/ectives: 1. To ac(uire t$e fundamentals of modern di'ital communication s#stem desi'n and to e%aluate t$e performance of di'ital si'nalin' sc$emes on realistic communication c$annels. 8. To re%ie& t$e "e# c$aracteristics and salient features of %arious di'ital carrier modulation sc$emes, considerin' t$e optimum recei%er and transmitter re(uirements. 3. To e3pose t$e students to t$e principles and practice of information t$eor#, co%erin' ,ot$ t$eoretical and applied issues of reco'ni)ed importance in data0information compression, transmission, stora'e and processin'. 4. To understand t$e concepts of minimi)in' t$e effects of errors, ,# emplo#in' c$annel codin' tec$ni(ues and, finall#, securin' t$e data ,# cr#pto'rap$ic tec$ni(ues. :. To e(uip t$e students &it$ ,asic "no&led'e for desi'nin', anal#)in', comparin', and mana'in' di'ital communication s#stems ran'in' from di'ital cellular s#stems to data net&or"in' and multimedia ser%ices. ,I. Course Outcomes: 5pon successful completion of t$is course, t$e student &ill ,e a,le to> 1. 5nderstand t$e ,asic concepts of di'ital communications &it$ an insi'$t into practical applications. 8. +dentif# t$e importance of con%ersion of analo' si'nals in to di'ital domain. 3. Differentiate ,et&een PCM and DM and to "no& t$eir usa'e in specific applications. 4. Compare and contrast A!-, .!-, P!- di'ital carrier modulation sc$emes in terms of occupied ,and&idt$, comple3it# etc., and e3tend t$ese into /P!-, MP!-, /AM for impro%ed spectral efficienc#. :. Appl# t$e ,asics of information t$eor# to calculate c$annel capacit# and ot$er measures. ?. Distin'uis$ ,et&een source codin' and c$annel codin' for optimi)ation of discrete memor#less source 1DM!2 and for error-free transmission of data o%er c$annel. <. +nterpret t$e differences ,et&een t$e usa'e of s#stematic linear ,loc" codes 1L;C2 and con%olutional codes for non-,urst and ,urst c$annel applications. @. Competent to &or" as en'ineers in t$e field of Di'ital Communications, e.'., in researc$ or de%elopment 'roups in industr#, as consultants, team mem,ers, or leaders in pro9ects, or as scientists in academia.
,II. 0o Course Outcomes are assessed: !ro1ram Outcomes Level !roficienc) assessed () a An a,ilit# to appl# "no&led'e of mat$ematics, science and en'ineerin' fundamentals to t$e conceptuali)ation of en'ineerin' models 12undamental *n1ineerin1 Anal)sis S'ills2. ! Assi'nments, E3ercises , An a,ilit# to desi'n and conduct e3periments, as &ell as anal#)e and interpret t$e data 1Information retrieval s'ills2. ! Aands on Practice !essions c An a,ilit# to desi'n, implement and e%aluate an electronics 7 communication en'ineerin' ,ased s#stem, component are process to meets desired needs &it$in realistic constraints suc$ as economic, en%ironmental, social, political, et$ical, $ealt$ and safet#, manufactura,ilit# and sustaina,ilit# 1Creative S'ills2. ! La, !essions d An a,ilit# to function effecti%el# as an indi%idual and as a mem,er or a leader in multidisciplinar# teams 1Team &or'2. 4 -- e An a,ilit# to identif#, formulate and appl# appropriate tec$ni(ues, resources and to sol%e comple3 electronics 7 ! Desi'n E3ercises communication en'ineerin' pro,lems 1*n1ineerin1 !ro(lem Solvin1 S'ills2. f An understandin' of professional et$ics and responsi,ilities of en'ineerin' practice 1!rofessional Inte1rit)2. 4 -- ' An a,ilit# to communicate effecti%el# on comple3 electronics and communication en'ineerin' acti%ities &it$ t$e en'ineerin' communit# and societ# at lar'e suc$ as &ritin' effecti%e reports and ma"in' effecti%e presentations 1Communication S'ills2. 4 -- $ 5nderstandin' of t$e impact of en'ineerin' solutions in a 'lo,al, economic, en%ironmental and societal conte3t 1*n1ineerin1 im.act assessment s'ills2. 4 -- i An a,ilit# to en'a'e in life-lon' learnin' and an understandin' of t$e need to "eep current of t$e de%elopments in t$e specific field of practice 1Continuin1 education aareness2. ! !eminars Discussions 9 -no&led'e of contemporar# issues li"e increased use of porta,le de%ices, risin' $ealt$ care costs and etc. &$ic$ influence en'ineerin' desi'n 1Social aareness2. ! Bor"s$op, Mini Pro9ects, Protot#pes " An a,ilit# to use current tec$ni(ues, s"ills and modern en'ineerin' tools necessar# to anal#)e electronics 7 communication en'ineerin' practice 1!ractical en1ineerin1 anal)sis s'ills2. ! Desi'n E3ercises, !eminars, Paper Presentations l An a,ilit# to appl# creati%it# in desi'n and de%elopment of electronic circuits, e(uipment, components, su,- s#stems and s#stems 1Softare and 0ardare Interface2. ! Desi'n E3ercises, De%elopment of Protot#pes, Mini Pro9ects m An a,ilit# to reco'ni)e t$e importance of professional de%elopments ,# pursuin' post 'raduate studies or facin' competiti%e e3aminations t$at offer c$allen'in' and re&ardin' careers in desi'nin' 1Successful Career and Immediate *m.lo)ment2. A E3ams, Discussions N 3 None S 3 Su..ortive 0 3 0i1-l) 4elated ,III. S)lla(us: UNIT I !ULS* DIGITAL MODULATION: Elements of di'ital communication s#stems, ad%anta'es of di'ital communication s#stems, Elements of PCM> !amplin', /uanti)ation 7 Codin', /uanti)ation error, Compadin' in PCM s#stems. Differential PCM s#stems 1DPCM2. UNIT II D*LTA MODULATION : Delta modulation, its dra& ,ac"s, adapti%e delta modulation, comparison of PCM and DM s#stems, noise in PCM and DM s#stems. UNIT III DIGITAL MODULATION T*C0NI5U*S: +ntroduction, A!-, .!-, P!-, DP!-, DEP!-, /P!-, M-ar# P!-, A!-, .!-, similarit# of ;.!- and ;P!-. UNIT I, DATA T4ANSMISSION : ;ase ,and si'nal recei%er, pro,a,ilit# of error, t$e optimum filter, matc$ed filter, pro,a,ilit# of error usin' matc$ed filter, co$erent reception, non-co$erent detection of .!-, calculation of error pro,a,ilit# of A!-, ;P!-, ;.!-,/P!-. UNIT , IN2O4MATION T0*O46: Discrete messa'es, concept of amount of information and its properties. A%era'e information, Entrop# and its properties. +nformation rate, Mutual information and its properties UNIT ,I SOU4C* CODING : +ntroductions, Ad%anta'es, !$annonCs t$eorem, !$anon-.ano codin', Auffman codin', efficienc# calculations, c$annel capacit# of discrete and analo' C$annels, capacit# of a 6aussian c$annel, ,and&idt$ D!04 trade off. UNIT ,II LIN*A4 7LOC8 COD*S: +ntroduction, Matri3 description of Linear ;loc" codes, Error detection and error correction capa,ilities of Linear ,loc" codes, Aammin' codes, ;inar# c#clic codes, Al'e,raic structure, encodin', s#ndrome calculation, ;CA Codes. UNIT ,III CON,OLUTION COD*S : +ntroduction, encodin' of con%olution codes, time domain approac$, transform domain approac$. 6rap$ical approac$> state, tree and trellis dia'ram decodin' usin' *iter,i al'orit$m. I9. List of Te+t 7oo's % 4eferences % &e(sites % :ournals % Ot-ers T*9T 7OO8S: 1. Di'ital communications - !imon Aa#"in, Eo$n Bile#, 8==: 8. Principles of Communication !#stems D A. Tau, and D. !c$illin', TMA, 8==3 4*2*4*NC*S: 1. Di'ital and Analo' Communication !#stems - !am !$anmu'am, Eo$n Bile#, 8==:. 8. Di'ital Communications D Eo$n Proa"is, TMA, 1F@3. 3. Communication !#stems Analo' 7 Di'ital D !in'$ 7 !apre, TMA, 8==4. 4. Modern Analo' and Di'ital Communication D ;.P.Lat$i, G3ford reprint, 3rd edition, 8==4. 9. Course !lan: Lecture No. Learnin1 O(/ective To.ics to (e covered 4eference 1. To under stand Elements of di'ital communication s#stems Elements of di'ital communication s#stems >Model of di'ital communication s#stems T1 8. To "no& di'ital representation of analo' si'nal di'ital representation of analo' si'nal, certain issues in di'ital transmissions T1 3. To under stand ad%anta'es of di'ital communication s#stems ad%anta'es of di'ital communication s#stems T1 4. To understand PCM Pulse code modulation> PCM 'eneration T1 :. To anal#)e PCM reconstruction PCM reconstruction, /uanti)ation noise T1 ?. To under stand 4on uniform (uanti)ation 4on uniform (uanti)ation T1 <. To under stand Differential PCM s#stems 1DPCM Differential PCM s#stems 1DPCM2. T1 @. To under stand Adapti%e DPCM Adapti%e DPCM T1 F. To under stand Delta modulation Delta modulation T1 1=. To "no& Adapti%e delta modulation Adapti%e delta modulation, T1 11. To anal#)e 4oise in PCM and DM s#stems4oise in PCM and DM s#stems. T1 18. To under stand A!- Di'ital modulation tec$ni(ues> +ntroduction, A!-, A!- modulator, T1 13. To "no& detection of A!- co$erent A!- detector, non- co$erent A!- detector T1 14. To find ;and &idt$ of .!- .!-, ,and&idt$ and fre(uenc# spectrum of .!-, T1 1:. To under stand detection of .!- non-co$erent .!-, co$erent .!- detector ,.!- detection usin' PLL T1 1?. To under stand P!- ;P!-, co$erent P!- detection T1 1<. To under stand /P!- /P!-, Differential P!-. T1 1@. To "no& ;ase,and transmission of di'ital si'nal ;ase,and transmission and reception of di'ital si'nal T1 1F. To under stand Pulse s$apin' for optimum transmissions Pulse s$apin' for optimum transmissions, T1 8=. To "no& optimal of co$erent reception A ,ase ,and si'nal recei%er, pro,a,ilit# of error T1 81. To find pro,a,ilit# of error optimal recei%er, optimal of co$erent reception T1 88. To dra& si'nal space representation si'nal space representation T1 83. To find pro,a,ilit# of error for A!-, P!- pro,a,ilit# of error for A!-, P!- T1 84. To find pro,a,ilit# of error pro,a,ilit# of error for .!-,/P!-,DP!- T1 8:. To anal#)e e#e dia'ram, e#e dia'ram, T1 8?. To under stand cross tal" cross tal" T; 8<. To under stand +nformation t$eor# +nformation t$eor#> Measure of +nformation. T< 8@. To find Entrop# Entrop# T< 8F. To anal#)e Entrop# properties Entrop# properties T< 3=. To find conditional entrop# and redundanc# conditional entrop# and redundanc# T< 31. To find mutual information mutual information , T< 38. To understand information due to loss information due to loss T< 33. To find C$annel capacit# C$annel capacit# T< 34. To E%aluate source codin' efficienc# !ource codin' efficienc# T< 3:. To find !$anon-.ano codin' !$anon-.ano codin' T< 3?. To find source codin'- Auffman code source codin'- Auffman code, T< 3<. To "no& %aria,le len't$ codin' %aria,le len't$ codin' T< 3@. To understand source codin' to increase a%era'e information ,it source codin' to increase a%era'e information ,it T< 3F. To understand loss# source codin' loss# source codin'. T< 4=. To understand Linear ;loc" code Linear ;loc" code> Matri3 description of Linear ;loc" codes T< 41. To understand Error detection of Linear ,loc" codes Error detection of Linear ,loc" codes, T< 48. To %erif# error correction capa,ilities of Linear ,loc" codes, error correction capa,ilities of Linear ,loc" codes, T< 43. To "no& error correction of linear ,loc" codes Error correction of linear ,loc" codes T< 44. To understand Error detection of C#clic codes C#clic codes> Al'e,raic structure, T< 4:. To "no& t$e encodin' of c#clic codes Encodin' of c#clic codes T< 4?. To find s#ndrome calculation s#ndrome calculation, T< 4<. To "no& t$e decodin' of c#clic codes Decodin' T< 4@. To understand Con%olution codes +ntroduction to Con%olution codes T< 4F. To understand Encodin' of con%olutional codes ,# time domain Encodin' of con%olutional codes ,# time domain T< :=. To understand Encodin' of con%olutional codes ,# transform domain Encodin' of con%olutional codes ,# transform domain T< :1. To find Decodin' usin' state, tree dia'rams Decodin' usin' state, tree dia'rams T< :8. To find Encodin', Decodin' usin' trellis dia'ram, Encodin', Decodin' usin' trellis dia'ram, T< :3. To understand decodin' usin' *iter,i al'orit$m decodin' usin' *iter,i al'orit$m T< :4. To compare error rates in coded and un coded transmission comparison of error rates in coded and un coded transmission. T< ::. To e%aluate performance of codin' Pro,lem sol%in' T< 9I. Ma..in1 course o(/ectives leadin1 to t-e ac-ievement of t-e .ro1ram outcomes: Course O(/ectives !ro1ram Outcomes a ( c d e f 1 - i / ' l m I S S 0 II S S S III S S S I, S S 0 , S S ,I S S S ,II S S 0 ,II S S
S 3 Su..ortive 0 3 0i1-l) 4elated 9II. Ma..in1 course outcomes leadin1 to t-e ac-ievement of t-e .ro1ram outcomes: Course Outcomes !ro1ram Outcomes a ( c d e f 1 - i / ' l m 1 S S 0 < S S ; S S S 0 = S S > S S S ? S S @ S S S A S 0 S 3 Su..ortive 0 3 0i1-l) 4elated
Prepared ;# > P.Tirumala Rao Date > 1st Eul#, 8=13 4*SULT ANAL6SIS: Academic 6ear Semester Class Su(/ect 4esult 8=18-8=13 ++ +++ ECE-1 DC 95% 8=18-8=13 ++ +++ ECE-8 DC 98% 8=11-8=18 ++ +++ ECE-1 DC F8% 8=11-8=18 ++ +++ ECE-8 DC F1% 8=1=-8=11 ++ +++ ECE DC @@% 8==F-8=1= ++ +++ ECE DC @<%
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