ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

LPT:
ASME. SECTION 8 DIV.I APPENDIX 8, CLAUSE 8.3-PRESSURE VESSELS
ASTM E-165-APPENXIX 8 CLAUSE 8.3

MPT:
ASME SECTION-8 DIV. I APPENDIX 6 CLAUSE 6.3
ASTM-E-709
UT:ASME SECTION 8 DIV. I APPENDIX 12 CLAUSE 12.3
WELDS:
SCANNING: -1 SKIP DISTANCE FROM BOTH SIDE OF THE WELDS
DAC: DIA 1.5MM SDH DRILLED AT T/2
ASTM A 388:
ROD, TEE, FORGINGS, ENGINE VALVE, FORGED FLAT, HYDRAULIC
CYLINDER & PISTON, NUT, BOLT, UNION FITTINGS, FLANGES.
ACCEPTANCE: DEFECT ECHO HAVING AMPLITUDE LESS THAN 20% OF
WACK WALL ECHO.
ASTM E 213:
C.S.PIPES, 90 ELBOWS COIL
DAC:ECHO FROM ID NOTCH SET OF 80% OF DAC IS PLOTTED
NOTHCH: 0.3MM DEEP 1MM WIDE AXIAL AND CIRCUMFERENCIAL
25MM LONG ID & OD NOTCH
ASTM A 435:
PLATES
ACCEPTANCE: DISCONTINUITY ARE CONTAINED WITHIN A CIRCLE OF
DIA. 75MM OR OF THE PLATE THICKNESS WHICHEVER IS GREATER IS
ACCEPTABLE
ASTM A 609
BRASS SQUARE
ACCEPTANCE AS PER ASTM A 609 LEVEL II

ASTM A 578
WHITE METAL STEEL SHELL BONDING JOINT OF MAIN BEARING
ACCEPTANCE: ASTM A 578
ASTM E 214
WATER BOX Ni , Al BRONZE
ACCEPTANCE: ASTM E 214
ASTM E 797-90
I BEAM TROLLEY RAIL ( THICKNESS GAUGING)
WELD UT: SECTION VIII CLAUSE 12.3
ACCEPTANCE: CRACKS LACK OF FUSION OR INCOMPLETE PENETRATION
REJECTION.
T UPTO
1/3 FOR T FROM TO 1
FOR T OVER 2
FOR BUTT WELDS OF DIFFERENT THICKNESS T IS THE THINNER THICKNESS
LPT & MPT:
INDICATIONS GREATER THAN 1/16 CONSIDERED TO BE THE RELEVANT
INDICATION
LINEAR INDICATION IS ONE HAVING A LENGTH GREATER THAN THREE
TIMES THE WIDTH
A ROUNDED INDICATION IS ONE OF CIRCULAR OR ELLIPTICAL SHAPE WITH
LENGTH TO LESS THE THREE TIMES THE WIDTH
ANY QUESTIONABLE OR DOUBTFUL INDICATION SHALL BE REEXAMINE TO
DETERMINE WHETHER IT IS RELEVANT OR NOT.
ACCEPTANCE:
ALL SURFACES TO BE EXAMINED SHALL BE FREE OF
1) RELEVANT LINEAR INDICATIONS.
2) RELEVANT ROUNDED INDICATIONS GREATER THE 3/16
3) FOUR OR MORE RELELVANT ROUNDED INDICATIONS IN A LINE
SEPERATED BY 1/16 OR LESS ( EDGE TO EDGE)
4) AN INDICATION OF AN IMPERFECTION MAY BE LARGER THAN THE
IMPERFECTION THAT CAUSES IT HOWEVER THE SIZE OF THE INDICATION
IS THE BASIS FOR ACCEPTANCE EVALUATION

ASME CODES
SECTION I

RULES FOR CONSTRUCTION OF POWER BOILERS

SECTIION II

MATERIALS

PART A
PART B
PART C
PART D

FERROUS MATERIALS SPECIFICATION

NON FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIOB
SPECIFICATIONS FOR WELDING RODS, ELECTRODES, AND
FILLER METALS
PERPERTIES

SECTION III
SECTION IV

RULES FOR CONSTUCTION OF HEATING EXCHANGERS

SECTION V

NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION

SECTION VI

RECOMMENDED RULES FOR CARE AND MAINTANACE OF

HEATING BOILERS

SECTION VII

RECOMMENDED GUIDELINES FOR THE CARE OR POWER

BOILERS

SECTION VIII RULES FOR CONSTRUCTIION OF PRESSURE VESSEL

SECTION IX

WELDING AND BRAZING QUALIFICATIONS

SECTION X

FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC PRESSURE VESSELS

SECTION XI

RULES FOR INSERVICE INSPECTION OF NUCLEAR POWER

PLANT COMPONENETS

ASME B 31.1

POWER PIPING

ASME B 31.3

PROCESS PIPING

ANSI B 16.1

CAST IRON PIPE FLANGES AND FLANGED FITTINGS

ANSI B 16.5

STANDARD PIPES AND FLANGES AND FLANGE FITTINGS

( CLASS 150- 2500. NPS 24 AND UNDER )

ANSI B 16.47 SERIRES B- FLANGES OVER NPS 26 AND OVER

ANSI B 16.20, ANSI B 16.21-GASKETS
a) Spiral wound gasket API STD-601
b) Ring joint gasket and groove- ANSI B 16.20
c) Non metallic gasket.- ANSI-B-16.21,ANSI B 16.5, ANSI B 16.47

BOLTS AND NUTS FOR FALNGES

Thread of bolts and nuts
a) For U1 and under ANSI B 1.1 Unified inch screw threads
b) For U1. 1/8 & OVER ANSI B 1.1-Unified inch screw
c) NUT- ANSI B 18.2.2 Heavy Hex. Nut.
ANSI B 36.10M PIPE DIAMETER AND THICKNESS
FLANGE RISED FACE- UPTO # 300 1/16 THK
# 600 & OVER THK

API STANDARDS
API 510

PRESSURE VESSELS

API 570

INSPECTION, REPAIR,ALTERATION AND RERATING OF INSERVICE

PIPING SYSTEM

API 574

INSPECTION PIPING, TUBING, VALVES AND FITTINGS

API 579

FITTNESS FOR SERVICE

API 581

RISK BASED INSPECTION

API 620

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF LARGE WELDED LOW PRESSURE

STORAGE TANKS

API 650

WELDED STEEL TANKS FOR OIL STORAGE

API 653

TANK INSPECTION, REPAIR, ALTERATION AND RECONSTRUCTION.

VALVE SPECFICATION
Bonnet Bolted , welded or union
OS&Y - Out side screw and yoke type.
STEM - Rised, Rotating
PORT- FULL, REDUCED
HAND WHEEL RISING AND NON RISING
INSIDE SCREW
SOLID OR FLIXIBLE SEDGE
SINGLE VALVE BY PASS.
WELDING END PREPARATION-PIPING
1) Components having nominal wall thickness of 3.0MM and less shall be plain.
2) Components having nominal wall thickness over 3.0 mm to 22.0 mm shall have
single bevel angle as fig. 2(a) of ANSI B 16.25

3) Greater than 22.0mm shall have compound bevel angle as fig 3(a) of fig 16.25
4) Welding end preparation for socket type components shall be plain end irrespective
of pipe and material.
5) When the difference in nominal wall thickness between the two componenets being
joined exceed 1.6mm, the ends shall be trimmed in accordance with ASME B 31.3
para 328.4.2
BRANCH CONNECTIONS:
LESS THAN 1 SOCKOLET MUST BE USED
DIRECT BRANCH- TWO TYPES- SET IN AND SET THROUGH- RUN PIPE HOLE
DIA AND ID OF THE BRANCH PIPE SHOULD NOT BE SAME. EITHER MORE
OR LESS 2.0MM

Low temperature/Low toughness fracture: is the sudden failure of a structural

component, usually imitated at a crack or defect affected by
1) The applied loads
2) Material specification.
3) Temperature-many materials especially ferritic steels become brittle below some
temperature called the transition temperature...
Brittle fracture is typically not a concern above 300F.
4) Residual stresses and PWHT
5) Thickness.

ANSI B 36.10M PIPE DIAMETER AND THICKNESS

NEVER USE ACCETYLENE TORCH FOR MAINTIN INTERPASS TEMPERATURE
FOR HIGH ALLOY STEELS.
COPPER ASTM B 42 UNS C10200
35/45 Cr/NiFurnace tube material filler wire-WELTIG 45A
KHR 40- FURNACE TUBE-10% Cobalt 3% Tungsten-filler wire WELTIG HS
DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL UNS S-31803 ER-2209 (SANVICK -2205)
Cr. 22%, Ni.-5% Mo-3%. Resistance to chloride stress corrosion cracking
SB 165 UNS N 04400 PIPE-MONNEL 400 -70/30 Ni/Cu

filler wire ER NiCu-7

Cupro Nickel- 70/30 Cu/Ni. Good resistance for sea water

SUPER STAINLESS STEEL UNS S-31254 SA 312 Cr. 20% Ni 18% Mo 6%
Filler wire ER NiCrMo-3
INCONNEL 600 UNS N 06600 SB 166, SB167, SB168, SB163. Ni 72%, Cr. 15%, Fe 8%
Filler wire ER NiCrFe-3

HASTELLOY ALLOY C-276 Cr-15%, Ni-58% , Mo-16% W 4% Fe-5%-virtually immune

to sea water pitting and are highly resistant to chloride induced stress corrosion cracking.
ELECTRODE-E-NiCrMo-4
17-4PH PRESIPTED HARDENED STAINLESS STEEL ASTM TYPE 630 UNS S 17400
FILLER WIRE ER 630 Cr.-16.3 Ni.-4.8 Cu.-3.5
A 2-Stage PWHT is mandatory for satisfactory weldment properties.
High strength toughness and resistance to corrosion
THINING TYPE-API 581
General: is defined as the affecting more than 10% of the surface area and the wall
thickness variation is less than 50 mils
A 691 A 387-Grade P11-Cr.1 %, Mo.-1/2%. Welding preheat is required for welding
including tack weld , repairs, welds and seal welds of threaded joints.
PWHT of welds and HAZ are required for pipe larger than NPS4 or where the nominal
thickness of joined components is greater than . Electrode-E-8018 FILLER
WIRE-ER 80 S2
Localized: affecting less than 10% of the surface area or a wall thickness variation greater
than 50 mils.
Amine corrosion: C.S. is also vulnerable to stress corrosion cracking if it is not post weld
heat treated.
Stress corrosion cracking: Caustic cracking, amine cracking sulfide stress cracking
hydrogen induced cracking, carbonate cracking, polythionic cracking & chloride chloride
cracking.
Caustic cracking: is defined as a cracking of a metal under the combined action of tensile
stress and corrosion in the presence of sodium hydroxide at elevated temperature.
Particularly in low alloys. Reasons-caustic concentration, metal temperature, and level of
tensile stress.
Amine cracking: is defined as cracking of a metal under the combined action of tensile
stress and corrosion in the presence of aqueous alkanal amine solution at elevated
temperature.
Sulfide stress cracking: is defined as cracking of a metal under the combined action of
tensile stress and corrosion in the presence of water and hydrogen sulfide. This is a form of
hydrogen stress cracking. SSC is related to the hydrogen permeation flux in the steel, which
is primarily associated with two environmental parameters.-Ph and H2S content of the
water.
Hydrogen induced cracking and stress oriented hydrogen induced cracking in hydrogen
sulfide service: step wise internal cracks that connect the adjacent hydrogen blisters on
different planes in the metal or to the metal surface.
SOHIC is defined as a stacked array of small blisters joined by hydrogen
induced cracking that is aligned in the through thickness direction of the steel as a result of
high localized tensile stress.

Carbonate cracking: is a common term applied to cracking of a metal under the combined
action of the tensile stress and corrosion in the presence of an alkaline sour water
containing moderate to high concentrations of carbonate. Typically occurs in as welded C.S.
PWHT is proven method of preventing carbonate cracking.
Polythionic Acid Cracking: polythionic and sulfurous acid are major considerations in the
petroleum-refining industry, particularly in catalytic cracking, desulfurizer, hydro cracker
and catalytic reforming processes. PTA and sulfurous acid will cause SCC in sensitized
austenitic stainless steels and nickel base alloys. Low carbon is less susceptible at
temperature less than 800F-SS 321 and SS 347
Chloride stress corrosion cracking: CISCC of austenitic stainless steels can occur in a
chloride containing aqueous environment. The susceptibility to ClSCC is dependent on the
concentration of chloride ions, the temperature ClSCC is more likely to occur at metal
temperatures above 150F. Chloride SCC is typically transgrannular and highly branched.
The greatest susceptibility to ClSCC is exhibited by austenitic stainless steel with nickel
content of 8% (eg-300 series). Greater resistance is generally shown by alloys of either lower
or higher nickel contents. Duplex stainless steel with low nickel contents is generally
immune to ClSCC, as are alloys with greater than 42% nickel.
Sigma phase embrittlement: is a hard brittle inter metallic compound of iron and
chromium with an approximate composition of Fe 0.6 Cr 0.4. It occurs in ferritic ( Fe-Cr)
martensitic ( Fe-Cr), and austenitic ( Fe-Cr-Ni) stainless steels when exposed to
temperatures in the range of 1100F to 1700F.
Minimum 50.0mm distance required for pressure vessel shell longitudinal course weld. If it
is below less than 50.0mm must take RT-SECTION VIII

BRANCH REINFORCEMENT- THREE DIAMETER OF BRANCH PIPE.

For taking radiography of Titanium materials if the Titanium IQI is not available can use
Aluminum IQI since the density of the both material is approximately same.
ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA (SECTION IX)
TENSILE STRENGTH: (QW-153.1) THAT IS NOT LESS THAN
1
2
3
4

The minimum specified tensile strength of the base metal

The minimum specified tensile strength of the weaker of the two, if base metal of different
minimum tensile strengths are used or
The minimum specified tensile strength of the weld metal when the applicable section provides
for the use of weld metal having lower room temperature strength than the base metal
If the specimen breaks in the base metal outside of the weld or fusion line, the test shall be
accepted as meeting the requirements provided the strength is not more than 5% below the
minimum specified tensile strength of the base metal.

BEND TESTS (QW-163)

The weld and HAZ of a transverse weld bend specimen shall be completely within the bent
portion of the specimen after testing.
The guided bend specimen shall have no open discontinuities in the weld or haz exceeding 1/8 (3.2
mm), measure in any direction on the convex surface of the specimen after bending. Open
discontinuities occurring on the corners of the specimen during testing shall not be considered unless
there is definite evidence that they result from lack of fusion slag inclusions, or other internal
discontinuities. for corrosion-resistant weld overlay cladding, no open discontinuity exceeding 1/16
(1.6mm) measured in any direction shall be permitted in the cladding and no open discontinuities
exceeding 1/8 ( 3.2 mm ) shall be permitted along the approximate weld interface.
FRACTURE TESTS FOR FILLET WELD (QW-182)
The fracture surface shall show no evidence of cracks or incomplete root fusion and the
sum of the lengths of inclusions and porosity visible on the fractured surface shall not exceed 3/8 or
10% of quarter section
MACRO EXAMINATION- PROCEDURE SPECIMENS: QW-183
Visual examination of the cross sections of the weld metal and haz shall show complete
fusion and freedom from cracks and there shall not be more than 1/8 (3.2 mm) difference in the
length of the legs of the fillet.

MACRO EXAMINATION- PERFORMANCE SPECIMEN: QW-184

Visual examination of the cross section of the weld metal and haz shall show complete
fusion and freedom from cracks, except that linear indications at the root not exceeding 1/32 (0.8
mm) shall be acceptable and the weld shall not have a concavity or convexity greater 1/16 and there
shall be not more than 1/8 ( 3.2 mm) difference in the lengths of the legs of the fillet.

RADIOGRAPHIC: QW 191.2.2
A) LINEAR INDICATION: 1) any type of crack or zone of incomplete fusion or penetration.
2) any elongnated slag inclusion which has a length greater than:
1) 1/8 for t upto 3/8 inclusive
2) 1/3t for t over 3/8 to 2 inclusive
3) for t over 2
Any group of slag inclusion in line that have an aggregate length greater than t in a length of 12
t except when the distance between the succeive imperfections exceeds 6L where L is the length of
the longest imperfection in the group.

ROUNDED INDICATIONS
The max. Permissible dimension for rounded indications shall be 20% of t or 1/8 whichever is
smaller
For welds in material less than 1/8 in thickness the maximum number of acceptable rounded
indication shall not exceed 12 in a 6 length of the weld. A proportionately fewer number of the
rounded indications shall be permitted in welds less than 6 in length.
For welds in material 1/8 or greater in thickness, the chart in appendix I represent the
maximum acceptable types of rounded indications illustrated in typically clustered, assorted and
randomly dispersed configurations. Rounded indications less than 1/32 in maximum diameter shall
not be consider in the radiographic acceptance tests of welders and welding operators in these ranges
of material thickness.
ESSENTIAL VARIABLE (PROCEDURE) QW-401.1: A change in welding condition
which will affect the mechanical proporties ( other than notch toughness) of the weldment ( eg.
change in p-number,welding process, filler metal, electrode, preheat or postweldheat treatment etc. )
ESSENTIAL VARIABLE ( PERFORMANCE) QW-401.2 : A change in a welding condition which
will affect the abilityof a welder to deposit sound weld metal ( such as a change in welding p[rocess,
deletion of backing, electrode, f-number, technique etc.
SUPPLEMENTAL ESSENTIAL VARIABLE ( PROCEDURE) QW-401.3: A change in a welding
condition which will affect the notch toughness properties of a weldment ( eg: change in welding
process uphiill and down hill vertical welding , heat input, preheat, pwht, etc.
QUALIFICATION POSITION (QW-405-3)- Qualification in the horizontal vertical or overhaed
position shall also qualify for the flat position. qualification in the horizontal fixed position, 5G, shal
qualify for the flat, vertical, and overhead positions. qualification in the horizontal, vertical, and
overhead positions shall qualify for all positions. qualification in the inclined fiexed position, 6G ,
shall qualify for all positions.
FILLET WELDS ARE QUALIFIED WHEN A WELDER QUALIFIES ON A
GROOVE WELD TEST (PROCEDURE)
WELD AUTOGENOUS: A fusion weld without filler metal
1 Would tensile tests performed performed in accordance with SA-370 be acceptable for meeting
ASME Section IX, qw-462-1 (A) and (b)
ANS: NO
5

May longitudnal bend specimens be used in lieu of transverse bend specimens when the base
metal and the weld metal and the weld metal do not differ markedly in bending properties?
ANS: NO
A welder qualifed to weld in accordance with one qualified WPS is also qualified to weld in
accordance with other qualified WPSs, using the same welding process within the limits of the
essential variables of QW-350
QW-304.1 Examination: Welds made in test coupons for performance qualification may be
examined by visual and mechanical examinations (QW-302-1, QW302-4) or by radiography ( qw302.2) for the process and mode of arc transfer specified in QW-304. Alternatively a 6 length of the
first production weld made by a welder using the process and mode of arc transfer specfied in QW304 may be qualified by radiography.

SMAW-ESSENTIAL VARIABLES:
QW-402 JOINTS
.4
-BACKING ( .4 The deletion of the backing in single welded
groove welds. Double welded groove welds are considered welding with backing.
QW-403 BASE METALS
.16 change of pipe diameter- A change in the pipe diameter beyond
the range qualified in QW-452, except as otherwise permitted in QW-303-1 QW-303-2 or when
welding corrosion resistant weld metal overlay is performed parrallel to the axis of the pipe.
QW-452 PERFORMANCE QUALIFICATION THICKNESS LIMITS
GROOVE
UPTO 3/8 INCL.
MAX. 2T
GROOVE
OVER 3/8
MAX. 2T
GRROVE
AND OVER
MAX. TO BE WELDED