2013 Nzmoc

New Zealand Mathematical Olympiad Committee
Camp Selection Problems 2013 Instructions

Solutions due date: 20th October 2013
These problems will be used by the NZMOC to select students for its International Math-
ematical Olympiad Training Camp, to be held in Auckland between the 12th and 18th of
January 2014. Only students who attend this camp are eligible for selection to represent New
Zealand at the 2014 International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO), to be held in Cape Town,
South Africa in July 2014. The cost of the camp is yet to be determined precisely, but will not
be more than $550.
At the camp a squad of 1012 students will be chosen for further training, and to take part
in several international competitions, including the Australian and Asia-Pacic Mathematical
Olympiads. The New Zealand team for the 2014 IMO will be chosen from this squad.
Students will be selected into two groups for the camp: juniors and seniors.
If you are currently in year 12, or you have been a member of the NZIMO training squad,
then you will be considered only as a senior.
Otherwise, you will be considered as either a junior or a senior.
Since the problems and the participants vary from year to year it is hard to be precise
about the selection criteria. However, as a rough guide, if you solve ve or more of the
problems completely then you will be in the running for selection as a junior. Obviously,
the criteria for senior selection are somewhat higher.
General instructions:
Although some problems seem to require only a numerical answer, in order to receive full
credit for the problem a complete justication must be provided. In fact, an answer alone
will only be worth 1 point out of 7.
You may not use a calculator, computer or the internet (except as a reference for e.g. def-
initions) to assist you in solving the problems.
All solutions must be entirely your own work.
We do not expect many, if any, perfect submissions. So, please submit all the solutions
and partial solutions that you can nd.
Students submitting solutions should be intending to remain in school in 2014 and should
also hold New Zealand Passports or have New Zealand Resident status. To be eligible for the
2014 IMO you must have been born on or after 10 July 1994, and must not be formally enrolled
in a University or similar institution prior to the IMO.
Your solutions, together with a completed Registration Form (overleaf), should be sent to
Dr Igor Klep, The University of Auckland, Department of Mathematics, Private
Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
arriving no later than 20th October 2013. We regret that we are unable to accept
electronic submissions. You will be notied whether or not you have been selected for the
Camp by mid November 2013.
If you have any questions, please contact Igor Klep ([email protected], (09) 373 7599
x84986) or Michael Albert ([email protected]).
September 2013
www.mathsolympiad.org.nz
Registration Form
NZMOC Camp Selection Problems 2013
Name:
Gender: male/female School year level in 2014:
Home address:
Email address:
Home phone number:
School:
School address:
Principal: HOD Mathematics:
Have you attended the NZMOC January camp before? yes/no
If so, in what year(s)?
Have you been a member of the NZMOC training squad? yes/no
If so, in what year(s)?
Do you intend to take part in the camp selection problems for any other
Olympiad camp? yes/no
If so, and if selected, which camp would you prefer to attend?
Have you put your name forward for a Science camp or any other camp in
January? yes/no
Are there any criminal charges, or pending criminal charges against you? yes/no
Some conditions are attached to camp selection. You must be:
Born on or after 10 July 1994.
Studying in 2014 at a recognised secondary school in NZ.
Available in July 2014 to represent NZ overseas as part of the NZIMO team if selected.
A NZ citizen or hold NZ resident status.
Declaration: I satisfy these requirements, have worked on the questions without assistance
from anyone else, and have read, understood and followed the instructions for the January
camp selection problems. I agree to being contacted through the email address I have supplied.
Signature: Date:
Attach this registration form to your solutions, and send them to
Dr Igor Klep, The University of Auckland, Department of Mathematics, Private
Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand,
arriving no later than 20th October 2013.
New Zealand Mathematical Olympiad Committee
Camp Selection Problems 2013
Due: 20th October 2013
1. You have a set of ve weights, together with a balance that allows you to compare the
weight of two things. The weights are known to be 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 grams, but
are otherwise identical except for their labels. The 10 and 50 gram weights are clearly
labelled, but the labels have been erased on the remaining weights. Using the balance
exactly once, is it possible to determine what one of the three unlabelled weights is? If
so, explain how, and if not, explain why not.
2. Find all primes that can be written both as a sum and as a dierence of two primes (note
that 1 is not a prime).
3. Prove that for any positive integer n > 2 we can nd n distinct positive integers, the sum
of whose reciprocals is equal to 1.
4. Let C be a cube. By connecting the centres of the faces of C with lines we form an
octahedron O. By connecting the centers of each face of O with lines we get a smaller
cube C
. What is the ratio between the side length of C and the side length of C
?
5. Consider functions f from the whole numbers (non-negative integers) to the whole num-
bers that have the following properties:
For all x and y, f(xy) = f(x)f(y),
f(30) = 1, and
for any n whose last digit is 7, f(n) = 1.
Obviously, the function whose value at n is 1 for all n is one such function. Are there any
others? If not, why not, and if so, what are they?
6. ABCD is a quadrilateral having both an inscribed circle (one tangent to all four sides)
with center I, and a circumscribed circle with center O. Let S be the point of intersection
of the diagonals of ABCD. Show that if any two of S, I and O coincide, then ABCD is
a square (and hence all three coincide).
7. In a sequence of positive integers an inversion is a pair of positions such that the element
in the position to the left is greater than the element in the position to the right. For
instance the sequence 2,5,3,1,3 has ve inversions between the rst and fourth positions,
the second and all later positions, and between the third and fourth positions. What is
the largest possible number of inversions in a sequence of positive integers whose sum is
2014?
8. Suppose that a and b are positive integers such that
c = a +
b
a

1
b
is an integer. Prove that c is a perfect square.
9. Let ABC be a triangle with CAB > 45
and CBA > 45
. Construct an isosceles
right angled triangle RAB with AB as its hypotenuse and R inside ABC. Also construct
isosceles right angled triangles ACQ and BCP having AC and BC respectively as their
hypotenuses and lying entirely outside ABC. Show that CQRP is a parallelogram.
10. Find the largest possible real number C such that for all pairs (x, y) of real numbers with
x = y and xy = 2,
(x +y)
2
6

(x y)
2
+ 8
(x y)
2
C.
Also determine for which pairs (x, y) equality holds.
11. Show that we cannot nd 171 binary sequences (sequences of 0s and 1s), each of length
12 such that any two of them dier in at least four positions.
12. For a positive integer n, let p(n) denote the largest prime divisor of n. Show that there
exist innitely many positive integers m such that p(m1) < p(m) < p(m+ 1).

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New Zealand Mathematical Olympiad Committee

Camp Selection Problems 2013 Instructions

and CBA > 45

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