What Is The Difference Between Demineralized Water and Distilled Water

What is the difference between demineralized water and distilled water?
Demineralized water is water run through a resin bed to pull out the "junk" and deliver clean end product.
Distilled water is "boiled off" and the vapor cooled to condense and recover a nearly pure product. Resin
beds can range from "really good" to "super good" to increase the purity of the water, and distillation can
be repeated (double distilled to improve the finished product. Resin bed processing will remove ionic
products, but will let though some dissolved materials which are uncharged ! like many organic
compounds. "iving microorganisms can also get through because the resin cannot "stop" them unless it
mechanically traps them.
Demineralised water is specially purified water that has had most or all of its mineral and salt ions
removed, such as #alcium, $agnesium, %odium, #hloride, %ulphate, &itrate and 'icarbonate. (t is also
known as Deionised water, D( or Demin water.
Demineralised water and deionized water are generally considered distinct from distilled water, which is
purified in a still ie. by boiling and re!condensing, a process which also removes salt ions.
)he major differences are that demineralised water is usually freer of mineral ions, depending on the
number of processes used to make it, and distilled water may have less organic contaminants, as
deionization does not remove uncharged molecules such as viruses or bacteria. *owever, deionisation also
leaves behind less +scale, than distillation, and so has a cleaner production.
Demineralised water is &-) generally used for drinking water, as it is the minerals in potable water that
provide the health benefits and taste. (t also tends to remove minerals from food and electrolytes from the
body, so it is not usually recommended for drinking or cooking.
.cids, bases and salts contain ions of the element hydrogen. Ions are atoms or molecules
that have lost or gained electrons. (f atoms lose one or more electrons they become
positively charged ions (cations. (f they gain one or more electrons, they become
negatively charged ions (anions. (t is the presence of the hydrogen ions in solutions that
allows us to measure the p* of a solution. )he /uantity of hydrogen or hydro0yl ions in a
solution determines whether the solution is acid or alkaline.
the use of a logarithmic scale to express the concentration of hydrogen ions (H
+
)
and hydroxide ions (OH
-
). This scale has become known as the pH scale.
orensen knew that water had a nearly balanced concentration of positi!e (H
+
)
and negati!e (OH
-
) ions. The positi!ely charged ions are called hydrogen ions
and the negati!ely charged ions are called hydroxide ions. cientists measured
the concentrations of hydrogen ions in pure water" acidic water and alkaline
water. The pure water contained a hydrogen ion concentration of # x #$
-%
moles.
The acidic water (hydrochloric acid) contained a hydrogen ion concentration of #
x #$
$
moles. The alkaline water (sodium hydroxide) contained a hydrogen ion
concentration of # x #$
#&
moles
' couple of simple descriptions offered are" (power of Hydrogen( and (potential
Hydrogen( ion concentration. )either are perfect descriptions. *oth present a
way of remembering the significance of "p" and "H". imply stated" pH tells us
whether a solution is acid" alkaline or neutral. +t does not tell us how much acid or
alkali is present.
What is Acid Attack?
,oncrete is susceptible to acid attack because of its alkaline nature. The components of the
cement paste break down during contact with acids.
-ost pronounced is the dissolution of calcium hydroxide which occurs according to the following
reaction.
/ H0 + ,a(OH)/ -1 ,a0/ + / H/O
(0 is the negati!e ion of the acid)
The decomposition of the concrete depends on the porosity of the cement paste" on the
concentration of the acid" the solubility of the acid calcium salts (,a0/) and on the fluid transport
through the concrete. +nsoluble calcium salts may precipitate in the !oids and can slow down the
attack. 'cids such as nitric acid" hydrochloric acid and acetic acid are !ery aggressi!e as their
calcium salts are readily soluble and remo!ed from the attack front. Other acids such as
phosphoric acid and humic acid are less harmful as their calcium salt" due to their low solubility"
inhibit the attack by blocking the pathways within the concrete such as interconnected cracks"
!oids and porosity. ulphuric acid is !ery damaging to concrete as it combines an acid attack and
a sulfate attack.
'n acid attack is diagnosed primarily by two main features.
'bsence of calcium hydroxide in the cement paste
urface dissolution of cement paste exposing aggregates

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