Coursework title: Hospital Sterile

Service

Enterprise Software Engineering

Development (COMP1471)

Coordinator: Miltos Petridis

Student ID: 000542704

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Index Page number
Introduction 3

Stage A: STRUCTURED ANALYSIS- DESIGN

A1. Entity Relationship Diagram

 Unnormalised form to First Normal form 4

 First Normal form to Second Normal Form 5
 Second Normal form to Third Normal Form 6
 Entity Relationship Diagram 7
 Structural constrains (cardinality and participation constrains) 7

A2. Data Flow Diagram

A2.1 Level 0 (Context diagram) 8

A2.2 Level 1 diagram 8

A3. Data Dictionary 9

Stage B: OO Analysis and Design.

B.1: Conceptual and Design UML class diagrams 10

B.2: Use Case Analysis 11

B.3: Interaction Diagram for each of the main use cases 12

B.4 Statechart diagrams for all major classes 13

Conclusion. 14

Reference. 14

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Introduction: Every hospital has its own sterilisation department who is responsible for
sterilising as cleaning all surgical and other medical equipments. This sterilisation process
includes a number of steps and there are several units that need a sterilisation process.

1. Sterilization of room or compartments: in cases like operation theatre, intensive care

unit, infants care units are recommended for the sterilization. In this case the mostly used
sterilization process is UV radiation and some chemical smoke to kill the bacteria. Normal
disinfectants are used as well.

2. Sterilization of equipments: like blades, catheter, knife etc used in operation theatre are
sterilized by moist heat. That is also called as Autoclaving. That is the whole heat stable
things are put into Pressure cooker like machine (autoclave) and heat at 121 degree
centigrade at 15 lb-wt pressure for 15 minutes.

3. The glasswear like diagnostic plates, test tubes etc are sterilized by dry heat, that is in a
oven, the things are baked at 180 degree centigrade for 2 hours.

4. The hospital wastes are sterilized to prevent the spreading of germs. To do so, two
different techniques are used-

a. The autoclaving for the bacterial or viral media, bloods, solution or things that are
wet or plastic components.
b. Things that are dry, like used cotton, bandage, gauge, cloths etc are sterilized by
burning them, commonly named as Incineration. those things are burned in a closed tank to
ash.

5. To sterilize the non disposable clothing. They are washed in hot water with disinfectants
and then sterilized by chemical fume or UV radiation.

This is actually the usual sterilization procedure for hospital. There are many choices
depending on budget and need.

Out Software Consultant Company has been approached to automate the current process that
is largely paper based. In our client hospital, all trays have a unique identification number
( UIN) which they are recognised by. Trays contain all surgical or other medical instruments.
When an operation is about to take place in any operation theatre, there is a medical
procedure to follow. An operation might require different sets of trays. So the operator
delivers all the required trays to a trolley and keeps record of all UIN.

After the operation, all trays are taken to the sterilisation department. Some or all instruments
may need to be either sterilised or disposed of. The operator has to follow a medical
procedure to make sure all instruments have come back from the operation theatre. First of all
the operator will check briefly if the trays contain all instruments, then might want to check
all trays individually.

The sterilisation process begins with sorting out the equipments – which need to be sterilised
for reuse and which need to be disposed of and will be replaced by a brand new one. The
trolley with all trays goes through a number cleansing and sterilisation procedure to sterilise
them.
Stage A: STRUCTURED ANALYSIS- DESIGN

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A1. Entity Relationship Diagram: it shows all entity types in 3NF form, their attributes
including primary key attributes and the relationships.

3NF form for Sterilisation procedure –

Unnormalised form First Normal form

Paitent Paitent
Paitent Name Paitent Name
Paitent ID Paitent ID
Date of birth Date of birth
Age Age
Doctors Name
Doctors Id Doctor
Operation ID Doctor Name
Name of Operation Doctors Id
Date of operation Name of the Operation
Medical history Date of the operation
Doctor assigned
Trays Trays
Trays number Trays Id
Instruments contains Instruments contains
Insruments Names Insruments Names
Tray type Tray type

Trollye Trollye
Trolley no. Trolley no.
Trays contain Trays contain
Trolly operator Trolly operator

Sterillisation Sterillisation
Machine ID Machine Name
Trolly number Machine ID
Number of trays on trolly Time of sterillisation
Sterilise machine identification Date of sterillisation
Time Trolly number
Date Number of trays on trolly
Operator name Operator name
Operator ID Operator ID
Operator age Date of birth
storeroom Store Room
Number of Sterillised Trays Number of Sterillised Trays

• Unnormalised form to First Normal form

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 • First Normal form to Second Normal Form

First Normal form Second Normal Form

Paitent Paitent
Paitent Name Paitent ID
Paitent ID Paitent Name
Date of birth Date of birth
Age Age

Doctor Doctor
Doctor Name Doctors Id
Doctors Id Doctor Name
Name of the Operation Name of Operation
Date of the operation Date of operation

Trays Trays
Trays Id Trays Id
Instruments contains Instruments contains
Insruments Names Insruments Names
Tray type Tray type

Trollye Trollye
Trolley no. Trolley no.
Trays contain Trays contain
Trolly operator

Sterillisation Sterillisation
Machine Name Machine Name
Machine ID Machine ID
Time of sterillisation Time of sterillisation
Date of sterillisation Date of sterillisation
Trolly number Number of trays on trolly
Number of trays on trolly Operator name
Operator name Operator ID
Operator ID Store Room
Date of birth Number of Sterillised Trays
Store Room
Number of Sterillised Trays

• Second Normal form to Third Normal Form

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Second Normal Form Third Normal Form
Paitent Patient:
Paitent ID ID
Paitent Name Name
Date of birth D.O.B
Medical history
Age Doctor assigned

Doctor Trays:
Doctors Id Tray number
Doctor Name Tray type
Name of Operation Instruments contain
Date of operation
Trolleys:
Trolley number
Trays Trays contain
Trays Id
Instruments contains Sterilisation:
Insruments Names Operator name
Tray type Sterilisation machine identification
Date
Time
Trollye
Trolley no. Operation / Medical procedure:
Trays contain Operation type
Tray type
Trays required
Sterillisation
Machine Name
Machine ID
Time of sterillisation
Date of sterillisation
Number of trays on trolly
Operator name
Operator ID
Store Room
Number of Sterillised Trays

Entity Relationship Diagram:

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 patient operation requires trays contain instruments
for
contain

trollyes go sterilisation
for

Diagram 1 – Entity relationship diagram.

Structural constrains (cardinality and participation constrains):

pateint operation trays instruments

trolleys sterilisation

Diagram 2 – Structural constrains.

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A2. Data Flow Diagram:
A2.1 Level 0 (Context diagram)

a
patient c
sterilisation
sterilisedinstruments
goesfor 1
system usedinstruments

post operation
usedinstrumentsandothermaterials

a
patient d
waste

Diagram 3 – Level 0 diagram (context diagram).

A2.2 Level 1 diagram

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 1

1 medical
need operation 1.1 procedure
1.4 operation
patient instruments

trays delivered1.2
patents go to trays

required instruments
1.7 delivered to
operation name
operation
table
1.3
trays after operatro
tionlleys
1.6
trays with instrumentsrilisation
ste

Diagram 4 – Level 1 diagram.

A3. Data Dictionary:

Patient:
ID integer
Name text
D.O.B Date/time
Medical history text
Doctor assigned text

Operation / Medical procedure:

Operation type text
Tray type text
Trays required integer

Trays:
Tray number integer
Tray type text
Instruments contain text

Trolleys:
Trolley number integer
Trays contain text

Sterilisation:

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 Operator name text
Sterilisation machine identification text
Date date
Time time

Stage B: OO Analysis and Design.

B.1: Conceptual and Design UML class diagrams:

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 1 needs
patient operations trays
0..*
0..1 1..* 1..*
go to
go to
0..11..* 1..*
trollyes instruments

0..*

0..*
sterilisation

0..* 0..*
0..* 0..*
waste reuse

Diagram 5 – UML class diagram.

✔ Legends for Diagram 5 –

1= exact one
0..* = many ( zero or more )
1..* = one or more
0..1 = zero or one.

B.2: Use Case Analysis:

Actors Use Case

Patient Requires operations

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 Operations Requires instruments

Doctors

Nurses

Patients

Trays Contains instruments

Used instruments.

Trolleys Contain trays

Sterilisation Sterilised instruments

Prepare trays after sterilisation.

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 patient required operation

required instruments

operations doctors

nurses

sterilised instruments
Tray sterilised instrument
used instrumetns
prepare tray

trollyes trays

sterilisation

Diagram 6 – Use Case diagram.

B.3: Interaction Diagram for each of the main use cases

Operation operation table

[if operation needed} operation

Patients

Operation name trolley trays medical procedure

[operation name] select procedure

Operation

Instrument on trays

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 Trays on trolleys

Trolley on tables

Operation name trolley sterilisation

Instrument on trays
Sterilisati
on
Trays on sterilisation.

Diagram 7 – Sequence diagram

B.4 Statechart diagrams for all major classes.

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 6 0 7 0
operation medical procedure

Patient
operation name
instruments
operation name
trays delivered

5 0 8 0
trolleys trays
instruments

used instruments 9 0
sterilisatoin
Start Date

Sterilised

Diagram 8 – Statechart diagram.

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Conclusion: This is a preliminary design using all traditional, structured methodologies
after extracting the initial requirements from the client. Our company also provides a demo
version of sterilisation software to the client to make sure all the requirements they want are
covered. This will be a first -cut design only as a demo version of the software. This
prototype is based on all the basic methodologies such as- ERD diagram, DFD diagram, Data
dictionary, UML class diagram, Use Case analysis, Interaction diagram as well as the
Statechart diagram. The actual up and running sterilisation software will be delivered only
after providing the demo version of this software and providing all the necessary
requirements the client asked for.

Reference:
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterilization_(microbiology)
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoclave
3. http://www.foe.co.uk/resource/briefings/autoclaving.pdf
4. Lecture notes.

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