SkyEdge I I

Outbound Overview
2
Agenda
DVB-S2 Introduction
Modulation Schemes
FEC
MODCODs
Operation Modes
ACM Benefits
Framing Process
Test your knowledge
3
DVB-S2 Introduction
SE II Outbound channel is based on DVB-S2 (EN302 307)
The DVB-S2 system has been designed for several satellite broadband
applications.
DVB-S2 offers better Spectral efficiency compared with DVB-S
Advance modulation schemes
Stronger FECs
Roll off factor of 0.2
The use of ACM
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DVB-S2 Introduction
Modulation Schemes
Advanced Modulation
Schemes
QPSK, 8PSK, 16APSK
and 32APSK
2, 3, 4, or 5 bits per
symbol
I
Q
I
Q
I I
Q
Q
QPSK
16APSK 32APSK
8PSK
2 bits per symbol 3 bits per symbol
5 bits per symbol 4 bits per symbol
00
01
10
11
0000
1111
11111
00000
111
000
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DVB-S2 Introduction
Forward Error Correction (FEC)
LDPC / BCH Forward Error Correction Codes
1/4, 1/3, 2/5, 1/2, 3/5, 2/3, 3/4, 4/5, 5/6, 8/9 and 9/10
QPSK 1/4, 1/3 and 2/5 can operate under exceptionally poor link conditions,
even when the signal level is below the noise level
Offers minimum distance from the Shannon limit
Code rates depend on the selected modulation and the system requirements
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Spectral Efficiency of DVB-S2
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DVB-S2 Introduction
Operation Modes
Constant Coding and Modulation (CCM)
Single MODCOD
Similar principle to DVB-S (SE OB)
Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM)
Each frame can be transmitted using a different MODCOD, regardless
of its input stream.
MODCOD is selected according to reception conditions of the VSATs
MODCOD Combination of modulation and coding
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DVB-S2 Introduction
ACM - Benefits
Maximum Availability
Using robust MODCODs such as QPSK 1/4 or QPSK 1/3 to achieve almost
any availability goal
BW Utilization
By taking advantage of clear sky situations we can increase the OB effective
bit rate when using efficient MODCODs such as 8PSK 9/10
Optimizing the transmission parameters for each VSAT
MODCODs are selected based on path conditions
MODCODs are under closed-loop control via a return satellite channel
MODCOD change on a frame-by-frame basis
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DVB-S2 Introduction
MODCOD
From the 29 available MODCODs, up to 8 can be configured and be active in
the OB
Data rate vary depending of the spectral efficiency of the MODCOD used
The MODCOD used for each VSAT can change dynamically due to changes
in the VSAT reception quality
Transmission to a single VSAT may use different MODCODs in continuous
manner thanks to the PLHeader Armor- Piercing coding (BPSK).
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System Architecture
MODCOD Control Flow description
Each VSAT reports its Es/No value once per second.
According to the Es/No, the HSP assigns a MODCOD to each VSAT based on
the MODCODs thresholds.
If a change of MODCOD occurs, the HSP advertises the new MODCOD to the
DPS and NMS
The DPS marks each packet according to the currently selected MODCOD.
The DPS uses a TCP tunnel for all Unicast Data and separated UDP tunnels for
VoIP, Multicast and Abis
Only the Unicast Data from the DPS requires flow-control.
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MODCOD Algorithm
Flow Diagram
VSAT reports
Es/No value every 1 sec
New
Es/No value
requires
MODCOD change
?
HSP send new MODCOD
To DPS and NMS
DPS stores new
MODCOD value
DPS stamps new MODCOD
in the packets
yes
No
Update new Es/No
value in the HSP table
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The ACM system margin is an dB margin to support reasonable fade changes
while the process of changing MODCOD is taking place
The VSAT send its Es/No reading once per second
Fading can cause a 1dB loss per second
Taking in consideration 650 msec round trip
Worst case of 1.65 sec response time
Therefore, the system margin should be 1.65dB
MODCOD Algorithm
ACM System Margin
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QPSK 1/4
QPSK 1/2
QPSK 2/3
QPSK 9/10
8PSK 3/4
-2.35
Es/No (dB)
T
(Sec)
+1.0
+3.1
+6.4
+7.9
+11
8PSK 9/10
8PSK 9/10
-0.7
+2.65
+4.75
+9.5
+12.65
+8.0
ACM Margin (1.65 dB)
Clear Sky
VSAT Es/No
System ACM Margin
Es/No Regions per Active MODCOD
Better weather
condition
Worsen weather
condition
Deep Fade
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DVB-S2 Introduction
DVB-S2 Transport Stream
The DVB-S2 standard allows the use of two sizes of frames
Short Frames - 16200 bits (2KB)
Reduces latency and jitter
Used for small networks / VoIP / Abis
Normal Frames - 64800 bits (8KB)
Increase throughput
Less Over Head related to the data transmitted
Provides a gain of 0.3 to 0.5 dB over short frames
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DVB-S2 Introduction
DVB-S2 Transport Stream
The use of Short or Normal frames affects the response time, fill factor and
the efficiency of the system. It has to be decided as part of the sizing
process.
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DVB-S2 Introduction
Transport Stream
Pilot Insertion
In order to assist the PLFRAME synchronization recovery at the VSAT site
under low C/N conditions, DVB-S2 use the injection of pilot symbols in the
physical layer frames
Each PLFRAME has a PLHeader and several data slots (90 symbols). In this
PLHeader there is information about the MODCOD and Pilots use of the data
slots
The Pilot insertion will consist in 36 symbols (Pilot Block) each 16 slots
(inside the physical layer frame) for the MODCODs that need them
Pilots are used only for some MODCODs
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SkyEdge II OB Frames
Pilot Insertion Short Frames
MODCOD Spectral
Efficiency
Pilot
Insertion
QPSK 1/4 0.357467 YES
QPSK 1/3 0.615532 YES
QPSK 2/5 0.744564 YES
QPSK 1/2 0.830585 YES
QPSK 3/5 1.156532 NO
QPSK 2/3 1.2884 NO
QPSK 3/4 1.420269 NO
QPSK 4/5 1.508181 NO
QPSK 5/6 1.596093 NO
QPSK 8/9 1.727961 NO
8PSK 3/5 1.692033 YES
8PSK 2/3 1.884959 YES
MODCOD Spectral
Efficiency
Pilot
Insertion
8PSK 3/4 2.077885 YES
8PSK 5/6 2.33512 YES
8PSK 8/9 2.577778 NO
16APSK 2/3 2.505223 YES
16APSK 3/4 2.809662 NO
16APSK 4/5 2.983575 NO
16APSK 5/6 3.157488 NO
16APSK 8/9 3.418357 NO
32APSK 3/4 3.419165 YES
32APSK 4/5 3.630805 YES
32APSK 5/6 3.842446 YES
32APSK 8/9 4.159906 YES
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SkyEdge II OB Frames
Pilot Insertion Normal Frames
MODCOD Spectral
Efficiency
Pilot
Insertion
QPSK 1/4 0.478577 YES
QPSK 1/3 0.640827 YES
QPSK 2/5 0.770627 YES
QPSK 1/2 0.965327 YES
QPSK 3/5 1.188304 NO
QPSK 2/3 1.322253 NO
QPSK 3/4 1.487473 NO
QPSK 4/5 1.587196 NO
QPSK 5/6 1.654663 NO
QPSK 8/9 1.766451 NO
QPSK 9/10 1.788612 NO
8PSK 3/5 1.739569 YES
8PSK 2/3 1.935658 YES
8PSK 3/4 2.177525 YES
MODCOD Spectral
Efficiency
Pilot
Insertion
8PSK 5/6 2.422276 YES
8PSK 8/9 2.646012 NO
8PSK 9/10 2.679207 NO
16APSK 2/3 2.574613 YES
16APSK 3/4 2.966728 NO
16APSK 4/5 3.165623 NO
16APSK 5/6 3.300184 NO
16APSK 8/9 3.523143 NO
16APSK 9/10 3.567342 NO
32APSK 3/4 3.623332 YES
32APSK 4/5 3.866247 YES
32APSK 5/6 4.030589 YES
32APSK 8/9 4.302894 YES
32APSK 9/10 4.356875 YES
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DVB-S2 Framing Process
Block Diagram
CRC
BaseBand
Signaling
BCH LDPC Interleaver
FEC , 1/3, 2/5, , .9/10
Bit
Mapping
BB Filter &
Quadrature
Modulator
RF L-Band
Output
PL Frame
QPSK
8PSK
16APSK
32APSK
BB Frame
Input
FEC Frame
Outer Code
Block code
Inner Code
Turbo code
PL Scrambler
Shaping
(=0.2)
PL Signaling
Pilot Insertion
IPlex
Scrambler
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Q
FEC Frame
XFEC Frame
1
2
3
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DVB-S2 Framing Process
TSH
1
2
3
PLHeader
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Test Your Knowledge
1. What is the FECFRAME length?
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2. What information is included in the BB Frame header?
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3. How does the VSAT reports its Es/No value?
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4. How many active MODCODs are in the OB Channel?
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5. What are the benefits of using DVB-S2 ACM?
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The End