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лексикология

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Meaning and sense

1)The discreet door was shut with a bang.


discreet
Meaning
Careful
Sense
careful in what you say or do, in order to keep something secret or to avoid causing embarrassment
or difficulty for somebody
2)She failed to buy an expensive little box and she felt a strange pang.
Pang
Meaning
Acute pain
Sense
a sudden strong feeling of physical or emotional pain
3) I turned to my friend but he had gone to the house and was leaning against it with his face to the
wall.
Meaning
To recline against something
5) She didn't dine with them. She insisted on leaving.
To insist
Meaning
to demand that something happens or that somebody agrees to do something
Sense
A behavior when a person tries hard to do something
6) He got up from his chair, but he was moving slowly, like an old man. He put the newspaper down
very carefully, adjusting its creases with lingering fingers. They were trembling a little.
moving slowly
Meaning
To make a slow action
Sense
A behavior when person can be lazy, he does everything without any hurry. unwilling to work or be
active
7) But before that (the phrase) came she closed quietly the door in his face.
closed
Meaning
To be shut
Sense
not willing to accept outside influences
8) The girl went to her father and pulled his sleeve.
Pulled
Meaning
To push, to move something
Sense
A person holds something firmly and use force in order to move it or try to move it towards yourself
9) He was longing to begin to be generous.
To begin
Meaning
to start doing something; to do the first part of something
Sense
A behavior when a person plans to start to do something
10) She was a resigned little women with shiny red hands and work-swollen finger knuckles.
Red
Meaning
A thing which has the colour of blood or fire
Denotational and connotational meanings
sophisticated hardened
sophisticated
Denotational meaning: clever and complicated
Connotational meaning: having a lot of experience of the world and knowing about fashion, culture and other things that people
think are socially important
Component of the connotational aspect of lexical meaning which specifies the difference between the words:evaluation-positive
Hardened
Denotational meaning; rude, senseless
Connotational meaning: to make somebody less kind or less affected by extreme situations
Component of the connotational aspect of lexical meaning which specifies the difference between the words:evaluation-negative
adventure ordeal
adventure
Denotational meaning: an unusual, exciting or dangerous experience
Connotational meaning: excitement and the willingness to take risks, try new ideas
Component of the connotational aspect of lexical meaning which specifies the difference between the words:evaluation-positive
Ordeal
Denotational meaning: a difficult or unpleasant experience
Connotational meaning: experience when you need to make more afforts
Component of the connotational aspect of lexical meaning which specifies the difference between the words:evaluation-negative
to glance to glare
Denotational meaning: to look quickl
Connotational meaning: to look quickly at something/somebody or to read something quickly and not thoroughly
Component of the connotational aspect of lexical meaning which specifies the difference between the words:evaluation-positive
to glare
Denotational meaning: to look angrily
Connotational meaning: to look at somebody/something in an angry way
Component of the connotational aspect of lexical meaning which specifies the difference between the words:evaluation-negative
adulation respect
adulation
Denotational meaning: false admiration
Connotational meaning: admiration and praise, especially when this is greater than is necessary
Component of the connotational aspect of lexical meaning which specifies the difference between the words:evaluation-negative
Respect
Denotational meaning: a good attitude and polite behaviour towards somebody
a feeling of admiration for somebody/something because of their good qualities or achievements
Component of the connotational aspect of lexical meaning which specifies the difference between the words:evaluation-positive
ugly repulsive
Denotational meaning: unpleasant to look at
Connotational meaning: unpleasant or dangerous; involving threats or violence
Component of the connotational aspect of lexical meaning which specifies the difference between the words:evaluation-negative
Repulsive
Denotational meaning: very unpleasant
Connotational meaning: causing a feeling of strong dislike;
Component of the connotational aspect of lexical meaning which specifies the difference between the words:evaluation-negative
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Meaning and origin
1)Biro-A brand of ballpoint pen. In British English and other languages the word "Biro" is often used
as a generic term for any ballpoint pen.
2)Denim is a sturdy cotton twill textile in which the weft passes under two or more warp threads. The
word "denim" comes from the name of a fabric that was first made in the city of Nmes, France, by
the Andr family. It was originally called serge de Nmes but the name was soon shortened to
"denim."
3)Hooligan is a person who makes unlawful behavior such as rioting, bullying, and vandalism. The
first use of the term is unknown, but the word first appeared in print in London police-court reports
in 1894 referring to the name of a gang of youths in the Lambeth area of Londonthe Hooligan
Boys, and laterthe O'Hooligan Boys.
4)Gypsy is an English term for Romani or other groups with a traditionally itinerant lifestyle.
5)A bikini is generally a women's two-piece swimsuit. French mechanical engineer Louis Rard
introduced a design he named the "bikini," taking the name from the Bikini Atoll in the Pacific
Ocean. The island's English name is derived from the German name Bikini, given the atoll when it
was part of German New Guinea, which itself is transliterated from the Marshallese name for the
island, Pikinni, meaning surface of coconuts.
6)A leotard is a unisex skin-tight one-piece garment that covers the torso but leaves the legs free. It
was made famous by the French acrobatic performer Jules Lotard.
7)Stetson is a brand of hat manufactured by the John B. Stetson Company. Founded in 1865, John B.
Stetson Company began when the founder headed west and created the original hat of the West, the
Boss of the Plains. This Western hat would become the cornerstone of Stetsons hat business and is
still in production today.
8)The teddy bear is a soft toy in the form of a bear. Developed apparently simultaneously by
toymakers Morris Michtom in the US and Richard Steiff in Germany in the early years of the 20th
century, and named after President Theodore Roosevelt Jr. , the teddy bear became an iconic
children's toy, celebrated in story, song and film.
9)The Mackintosh or Raincoat is a form of waterproof raincoat, first sold in 1824, made out of
rubberised fabric. The Mackintosh is named after its Scottish inventor Charles Macintosh.
10)Wellington is the capital city and second most populous urban area of New Zealand. Wellington
takes its name from Arthur Wellesley (1769-1852), the first Duke of Wellington and victor of the
Battle of Waterloo (1815).


Latin abbrevs
AD- Anno Domini- in the Year of our Lord-
A.M. - Ante Meridian- before midday-
e.g.- exempl grti- for example-
et al.- et alii- and others-
etc.-et cetera-and so on-
Ibid.- ibidem-in the same place-
i.e. id est-it is-
op.cit.- opere citato-in the work cited-
p.r.n.- pro re nata-as needed-
pro tem-pro tempore-for the time being-
p.d.- per diem-potential difference-
seq.- sequens-the following-
v.s.- vide supra-see above-.
Task 1
The derivational base of the noun abundance is abundant. The suffix -ce added to the adjectival base
and thus it may be qualified as a deverbal suffix.
The derivational base of the noun constancy is constant. The suffix -cy is added to the adjectival base
and thus it may be qualified as a deverbal suffix.
The derivational base of the noun is king. The suffix -dom is added to the noun base and thus it may
be qualified as a deverbal suffix.
The derivational base of the noun independence is independent. The suffix -ce is added to the noun
base and thus it may be qualified as a deverbal suffix.
The derivational base of the noun mouthful is mouth. The suffix -ful is added to the noun base and
thus it may be qualified as a deverbal suffix.
The derivational base of the noun boyhood is boy. The suffix -hood is added to the noun base and
thus it may be qualified as a deverbal suffix.
The derivational base of the noun dancing is dance. The suffix -ing is added to the noun base and
thus it may be qualified as a deverbal suffix.
The derivational base of the noun invention is invent. The suffix -ion is added to the verbal base and
thus it may be qualified as a deverbal suffix.
The derivational base of the noun criticism is criticize. The suffix ism is added to the verbal base
and thus it may be qualified as a deverbal suffix.
The derivational base of the noun sensitivity is sensitive. The suffix ity is added to the verbal base
and thus it may be qualified as a deverbal suffix.
The derivational base of the noun agreement is agree. The suffix ment is added to the verbal base
and thus it may be qualified as a deverbal suffix.
The derivational base of the noun happiness is happy. The suffix -ness is added to the adjectival base
and thus it may be qualified as a verbal suffix.
The derivational base of the noun ownership is owner. The suffix -ship is added to the noun base and
thus it may be qualified as a verbal suffix.
The derivational base of the noun musician is music. The suffix -ian is added to the noun base and
thus it may be qualified as a verbal suffix.
exhaust:
The English for is exhausting work. The English for
is exhaustive answer.
history:
The English for is historic victory. The English for is
historical film.
honour.
The English for is honourable citizen. The English for
is honorary duties.
respect:
The English for is respectful silence. The English for
is respectable person.
skill: , ;
The English for is skilled worker. The English for ,
is skilled surgeon.
culture:
The English for is cultural life. The English for is cultured
man.
touch:
The English for is touching words. The English for is
touchy person.
delight:
The English for is delighted audience. The English for
is delightful vacation.
economy:
The English for is economic crisis. The English for is
economical expenses.
contempt: .
The English for is contemptible traitor. The English for
is contemptuous smile.

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