Global Trends 2011

A Year
of crises
Global Trends 2011
top
host countries
top
origin
49%
51%
WOMEN
P
E
R
S
O
N
S
OF CONCERN
OF REFUGEES
UNDER
18 YEARS OLD
MEN
46%
25.9
million
42.5
million
107,000
refugees
and idps
under unhcr
protection
forcibly
displaced
people
worldwide
1 Source: Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC)
of the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC).
2 Idem.
asylum claims
4.3 MILLION NEWLY DI SPLACED
In 2011, an estimated 4.3 million people were newly
displaced due to conflict or persecution. More than
800,000 people were displaced as refugees across
international borders, the highest number in more
than a decade. Another 3.5 million people were newly
displaced within the borders of their countries,
a 20 per cent increase from 2010.
(2)
25.9 MILLION PROTECTED BY UNHCR
Of the worlds displaced, 25.9 million people 10.4 million
refugees and 15.5 million IDPs were receiving
protection or assistance from UNHCR at the end of 2011.
This was 700,000 people more than in 2010.
12 MILLION STATELESS
Statelessness was estimated to have affected up to
12 million people by the end of 2011. However, efforts
to assess the magnitude of the problem were hindered
by the fact that the data captured by governments and
communicated to UNHCR were limited to 3.5 million
stateless individuals in 64 countries.
7.1 MILLION PROTRACTED SI TUATI ON
Almost three quarters of the refugee population under
the UNHCR mandate was in a protracted situation at
the end of 2011, amounting to 7.1 million people. These
refugees were living in 26 different countries.
4/5
TH
DEVELOPI NG COUNTRI ES
Developing countries hosted four-fifths of the
worlds refugees. The 48 Least Developed Countries
provided asylum to 2.3 million refugees.
TOP HOST
Pakistan was host to the largest number of refugees
worldwide (1.7 million), followed by the Islamic Republic
of Iran (887,000) and the Syrian Arab Republic
(755,400; Governments estimate).
45% BELOW 3, 000 USD
More than 4.7 million refugees, representing
45 per cent of the worlds refugees under UNHCRs
mandate, resided in countries where the GDP per capita
was below USD 3,000.
TOP THREE HOST PER GDP
Pakistan hosted the largest number of refugees in
relation to its economic capacity with 605 refugees per
1 USD GDP (PPP) per capita. The Democratic Republic
of the Congo (399) and Kenya (321) ranked second and
third respectively.
2011 IN REVIEW
For the fifth consecutive year the number of forcibly
displaced people worldwide exceeded 42 million, a
result of persistent and new conflicts in different parts
of the world. By the end of 2011, the figure stood at
42.5 million. Of these, 15.2 million were refugees:
10.4 million under UNHCRs mandate, and 4.8 million
Palestinian refugees registered with UNRWA. The
overall figure also included 895,000 asylum-seekers
and 26.4 million internally displaced persons (IDPs).
(1)
Trends at a glance
TOP ORI GI N
With close to 2.7 million refugees in 79 countries,
Afghanistan remained the leading country of origin of
refugees in 2011. On average, one out of four refugees in
the world originated from Afghanistan, with 95 per cent of
them located in Pakistan and the Islamic Republic of Iran.
HIGHEST NUMBER RETURN
As a result of enhanced efforts to provide durable
solutions, 532,000 refugees repatriated voluntarily
during 2011, more than double the figure for 2010
(197,600). Yet, 2011 saw the third lowest number of
voluntarily repatriated refugees in a decade. More than
3.2 million IDPs were able to return - the highest number
in more than a decade.
22 COUNTRIES RESETTLEMENT
During the year UNHCR submitted some
92,000 refugees to States for resettlement, and close to
62,000 departed with UNHCRs assistance.
According to governmental statistics, 22 countries
admitted 79,800 refugees for resettlement during 2011
(with or without UNHCR assistance). The United States
of America received the highest number (51,500).
876,100 ASYLUM CLAI MS
More than 876,100 people submitted individual
applications for asylum or refugee status in 2011.
UNHCR offices registered 11 per cent of these claims.
With close to 107,000 asylum claims - one tenth
of applications globally - South Africa was the worlds
largest recipient of individual applications,
followed by the United States of America (76,000)
and France (52,100).
17,700 UNACCOMPANI ED CHI LDREN
Some 17,700 asylum applications were lodged by
unaccompanied or separated children in 69 countries
in 2011, mostly by Afghan and Somali children.
The number was significantly higher than in 2010
(15,600 claims).
13 MILLION RURAL/URBAN AREAS
Available data (covering 13 million people) revealed that
IDPs, returned IDPs and returned refugees tended to
gather in rural areas in 2011, while refugees and asylum-
seekers gravitated towards urban areas.
49% WOMEN AND GI RLS
On average, women and girls constituted 49 per cent of
persons of concern to UNHCR. They accounted for
48 per cent of refugees, and half of all IDPs and returnees
(former refugees). Forty-six per cent of refugees
and 34 per cent of asylum-seekers were children below
18 years of age.
2 UNHCR Global Trends 2011 3 UNHCR Global Trends 2011
U
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Liberia | New flows
of Ivorian refugees
into Liberia As of late
March, more than 100,000
Ivorian refugees
Libya | Crisis in
Libya UNHCR is working
with the Tunisian and
Egyptian authorities
3 See page 37 for a definition of each population group.
4 Source: IDMC.
5 This figure includes 4.8 million Palestinian refugees registered with the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA).
6 Source: IDMC.
T
HE 2011 GLOBAL TRENDS
FOCUSES ON MAJOR HU-
MANITARIAN DEVEL-
OPMENTS in terms to dis-
placement, either within or
beyond international borders. It also
reviews general statistical trends and
patterns for populations considered
to be of concern to UNHCRrefugees,
returnees, stateless and internally
displaced persons (IDPs)collectively
referred to as persons of concern.
(3)

2011 was marked by a succession of
major refugee crises. Conflicts in Cte
dIvoire, Libya, Somalia and Sudan
alone forced more than 800,000 ref-
ugees into neighbouring countries,
the highest number in over a decade.
In addition, an estimated 3.5 million
people were displaced within the bor-
ders of their countries, one-fifth more
than in 2010.
(4)
By the end of 2011,
some 42.5 million people worldwide
were considered as forcibly displaced
due to conflict and persecution. They
included 15.2 million refugees,
(5)
26.4
million IDPs
(6)
and some 895,000
individuals whose asylum applica-
tions had not yet been adjudicated by
the end of the reporting period. [see
Figure 1 on page 6]
As crises escalated to a number
not seen in many years, the total
number of persons under UNHCRs
care increased by 700,000 people,
standing at 25.9 million by year-end
[see Figure 2 on page 7]. Although the
number of refugees decreased slight-
ly to 10.4 million from 10.55 in 2010,
that of IDPs protected or assisted by
UNHCR increased to 15.5 mil-
lion from 14.7 in 2010. In addition,
UNHCR estimated that up to 12 mil-
lion people were stateless, although
official statistics covered only some
3.5 million of them.
Securing durable solutions has
remained one of UNHCRs core ac-
tivities. In 2011 an estimated 532,000
refugees were able to return home
voluntarily, the highest number
since 2008, but still the third lowest
recorded of the past decade. Despite
all efforts, the prevailing situation in
a number of countries continued to
prevent the return of millions of refu-
gees. As a consequence, the number
of refugees considered to be in pro-
tracted situations was 7.1 million at
year-end. UNHCR submitted more
In 2011, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) commemorated
the 60
th
anniversary of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the
50
th
anniversary of the 1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness. A majority of the
155 States who attended the intergovernmental event in December 2011, the largest in
UNHCRs history, announced concrete steps to improve the protection of refugees and stateless
persons. The conference confirmed that issues of forced displacement and statelessness
remain high on the international agenda.
A Somali refugee family waiting to be settled
in the newly expanded Ifo camp, in Dadaab,
Kenya. The new tented site was opened
in July 2011, helping to decongest the existing
camps and providing shelter for more arrivals.
Refugees who had gathered in dangerous
areas at the extreme edges of the camp were
able to move to a more secure location
with better access to services.
Introduction
I
5 UNHCR Global Trends 2011 4 UNHCR Global Trends 2011 5 UNHCR Global Trends 2011
than 92,000 refugees for resettlement
in 2011, one-sixth less than in 2010,
largely due to inaccessibility to refugee
populations due to security constraints
as well as States processing backlogs.
An estimated 3.2 million IDPs were
able to return home in 2011, the highest
in many years.
Despite the interface of global mi-
gration patterns and asylum, the 2011
Global Trends report does not address
mixed migration issues, largely due to a
lack of reliable data on these flows. How-
ever, UNHCR estimates that more than
1,500 people, including potential asylum-
seekers, drowned or went missing while
attempting to cross the Mediterranean
in 2011, making it the deadliest year in
the Mediterranean since UNHCR began
recording these figures in 2006. In addi-
tion, a record 103,000 refugees, asylum-
seekers and migrants from the Horn
of Africa made the perilous journey to
Yemen across the Gulf of Aden and the
Red Sea in 2011: more than 130 persons
are known to have drowned in the at-
tempt. In the Asia-Pacific region, some
430 presumed asylum-seekers drowned
in maritime incidents known to UNHCR
in 2011.
Most of the statistics presented in
2011 Global Trends have been reported
by UNHCR country offices, based on
governmental sources, reports from
non-governmental organizations and
UNHCRs own registration and data
collection. The numbers have been
rounded up to the closest hundred or
thousand for the purposes of this report.
As some adjustments may appear in the
2011 Statistical Yearbook, to be released
later this year, the figures contained in
the 2011 Global Trends should be consid-
ered as provisional and may be subject to
change. Unless otherwise specified, the
report does not refer to events occurring
after 31 December 2011.
T
HE 10.4 MILLION REFU-
GEES UNDER UNHCRS
RESPONSIBILITY includ-
ed some 604,000 people in
refugee-like situations.
(7)

The number of people whose asy-
lum applications had not yet been
adjudicated by the end of the re-
porting period was estimated at
895,000. A total of 15.5 million IDPs,
including more than 453,000 peo-
ple in IDP-like situations, received
humanitarian assistance under ar-
rangements in which UNHCR was
either a lead agency or a key partner.
This was the second highest figure
on record.
An estimated 3.2 million IDPs
were able to return home during the
year, the highest number in more
than a decade. During the same pe-
riod, close to 532,000 refugees repat-
riated voluntarily, up from the 20-
year low of 2010 (197,600).
During 2011, UNHCR identified
close to 3.5 million stateless persons in
64 countries, and estimated the total
number of stateless persons world-
wide at up to 12 million people.
(8)

In addition, 1.4 million individuals
outside any of the above categories
received protection and/or assistance
from UNHCR based on humanitar-
ian or other special grounds. These
individuals are referred to as other
groups or people of concern.
By the end of 2011, the total
population under UNHCRs
responsibility numbered
35.4 million persons, taking
account of new displacement,
durable solutions, legal
and demographic changes,
improved availability of data,
and revised estimates.
Overview of Global Trends
II
7 Three-quarters of the 604,000 people in a refugee-like
situation were located in Bangladesh, Ecuador, and Venezuela
(Bolivarian Republic of).
8 Refugees and asylum-seekers who are also stateless persons
are not included in this figure, but are reflected in the figures
relating to the relevant refugee and asylum-seeker groups.
Somalia | Emergency:
Refugees move into Ifo
Extension The UN refugee
agency has moved 4,700
Somali refugees
Cte dIvoire |
Running for shelter
UNHCR has expressed its
mounting concern about
civilians trapped
2011 saw suffering on an epic-scale. For so many lives to have
been thrown into turmoil over so short a space of time
means enormous personal cost for all who were affected.
We can be grateful only that the international system
for protecting such people held firm for the most part and
that borders were kept open.
ANTNIO GUTERRES, UN HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES
Fig. 1
Global forced displacement | 2001-2011 (end-year)
(in millions)
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
01
25.0
16.0
1.1
02
25.0
14.6
1.1
03
24.6
13.7
1.0
04
25.3
13.8
0.9
05
23.7
13.0
0.8
06
24.4
14.3
0.7
07
26.0
16.0
0.7
08
26.0
15.2
0.8
09
27.1
15.2
1.0
11 10
26.4 27.5
15.2 15.4
0.9
0.8
IDPs Refugees Asylum-seekers
Fig. 2 Refugees and IDPs protected/assisted by UNHCR
| 2001-2011 (end-year)
(in millions)
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11
IDPs protected/assisted
Refugees
Total population of concern to UNHCR by country of asylum and category | end-201 1
COLOMBIA
DEM. REP. OF THE CONGO
4,000,000
2,000,000
400,000
Refugees
(a)
Asylum-seekers (pending cases)
IDPs protected/assisted by UNHCR
(b)
Returned refugees, returned IDPs
Stateless persons
Others of concern
Total population below 10,000
a Including people in refugee-like situation
b Including people in IDP-like situation
IRAQ
Map 1
Most refugees
remain within their
region of origin
Available statistical evidence demonstrates
that most refugees having fled to neighbouring
countries, remain in the same region.
The major refugee-generating regions hosted
on average between 75 and 93 per cent of
refugees from within the same region. UNHCR
estimates that some 1.8 million refugees
(17% of the total of 10.4 million) live outside
their region of origin.
B
Y THE END OF 2011,
women and girls constituted
slightly less than half (48%)
of all refugees globally.
(9)
De-
veloping countries hosted
8.4 million refugees, or four-fifths of
the global refugee population. The 48
Least Developed Countries provided
asylum to 2.3 million refugees, 22 per
cent of the total.
Table 1 [see page 13] shows that 3.6
million or more than one-third (35%)
of all refugees were residing in coun-
tries covered by UNHCRs Asia and
Pacific region. Of these, 2.6 million
were Afghans (71%). Sub-Saharan
Africa was host to 2.7 million or one-
quarter of all refugees, primarily from
Somalia (760,800), Sudan (462,100),
and the Democratic Republic of the
Congo (457,900). The Middle East and
North Africa region hosted 1.7 million
or 17 per cent of the worlds refugees,
mainly from Iraq (some 1.2 million
according to Government estimates),
while Europe hosted some 1.6 million
(15%). In Europe, refugees from Ser-
bia (and Kosovo: S/RES/1244 (1999))
(159,000), Iraq (148,000), and Turkey
(119,500) were the largest groups. The
Americas region hosted the smallest
share of refugees (8%) globally, with
Colombians (392,600) constituting the
largest number in this region.
(10)
A decrease in the number of refu-
gees was observed in the Middle East
and North Africa region, where fig-
ures dropped by 10 per cent during
the reporting period, primarily the
result of revised estimates. The Syr-
ian Governments figure for Iraqi
refugees was revised downward by
250,000, based on the assumption
that a number of Iraqis had left ei-
ther to return to Iraq or move on-
ward to other countries. Conversely,
the armed conflict in Libya led to an
estimated 150,000 Libyans fleeing,
primarily to Tunisia. Almost all of
them had returned to Libya by the
end of the year. More than 27,000 So-
mali refugees arrived in Yemen dur-
ing the year.
In sub-Saharan Africa, the num-
ber of refugees had declined for nine
consecutive years from 2001 to 2009.
In 2010, the trend reversed as the
number of refugees rose, and has
U
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While the number of refugees under UNHCRs mandate increased in some regions, including
sub-Saharan Africa, and decreased in others, such as Asia and the Pacific, the global number
remained essentially stable at 10.4 million, approximately 144,000 less than in 2010. Decreases
arose from two main sources. First, estimates for Afghan and Iraqi refugee populations in
the Islamic Republic of Iran, Pakistan, and the Syrian Arab Republic were reduced by 16 per
cent. Second, a number of refugees found durable solutions during the year, notably voluntary
repatriation. In some locations, however, there were significant increases due to new or
continued conflicts, as in Cte dIvoire, Libya and Somalia.
Yemen | Risking all
for a better future
Plagued by violence,
drought and poverty
9 See Chapter IX for more details on the demographic composition of refugee populations.
10 This figure includes 282,300 Colombians in Ecuador, the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and Panama considered to
be in a refugee-like situation.
Ivorian refugees pack up their belongings
after resting for two nights at a church in
Tempo, Liberia. These refugees entering
remote villages in Grand Gedeh, Liberia still
have a long distance to travel before they
can reach assistance from UNHCR. Liberia
received an estimated 200,000 Ivorian
refugees in the course of 2011.
Refugee population
III
80% 84% 93% 75%
Africa Asia Europe Latin America
/Caribbean
Fig. 3
Percentage of refugees remaining within or
outside their region of asylum | end-2011
Outside region Within region
20% 16%
7%
25%
Kenya | Dadaab
keeps growing The
refugee complex at Dadaab
in Kenya keeps growing
continued into 2011. By the end of 2011,
there were close to 2.7 million refugees
in sub-Saharan Africa, roughly half a
million more than at the beginning
of the year. However, the numbers re-
mained below those of 2000 when more
than 3.4 million people were refugees in
sub-Saharan Africa.
Due to conflict, violence and drought
in southern and central Somalia, close
to 300,000 Somalis left their homes in
2011 and sought refuge abroad, mainly
in Kenya (163,100) and Ethiopia (101,000).
Overall, an estimated 700,000 Soma-
lis have left their country during the
past five years. Cte dIvoire witnessed
a large-scale outflow of refugees in 2011,
when an estimated 207,000 people fled
mostly to Liberia (about 200,000), with
smaller numbers arriving in Ghana
and Guinea. With the gradual return
of civil order as from April 2011, more
than 135,200 people were able to return
to Cte dIvoire by the end of the year.
Conflicts or human rights violations in
Eritrea and Sudan led to new outflows of
more than 127,500 refugees, primarily to
South Sudan (76,800), Ethiopia (30,200),
and Israel (15,300). In total some 236,000
refugees across sub-Saharan Africa were
able to return home in safety and dignity,
including to Cte dIvoire (135,200), Su-
dan (50,000), the Democratic Republic of
the Congo (21,100), the Central African
Republic (9,000), and Rwanda (8,500).
In the Americas, the refugee popu-
lation remained virtually unchanged
(+0.4%), at roughly 807,000. The United
States of America accounted for one
third of refugees in this region according
to UNHCR estimates (264,800).
(11)
Some
2,700 Colombians were granted refu-
gee status in Ecuador bringing the total
number of Colombian refugees (54,300)
and people in a refugee-like situation
(68,300) to 122,600 at the end of 2011. In
the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela,
the total number of Colombian refugees
and persons in a refugee-like situation
remained stable at about 202,000.
In the Asia and Pacific region, the
total number of refugees, including
people in a refugee-like situation, was
estimated at 3.6 million at the end of
2011, a decrease of 10 per cent during the
year. This was largely due to revised es-
timates of Afghan refugees in Pakistan
and the Islamic Republic of Iran, follow-
ing comprehensive registration exer-
cises in both countries. In Pakistan, the
Afghan refugee estimate dropped from
1.9 to 1.7 million while in the Islamic Re-
public of Iran it went from slightly over
1 million at the start of 2011, to 840,500
by year-end. Voluntary repatriation of
about 71,000 Afghans from both coun-
tries also contributed to these reductions.
In Europe, the refugee population de-
creased by 49,000 people to 1.56 million
at the end of 2011 (-3%) largely as a result
of revised estimates in Germany and in
the United Kingdom. In Germany, the
figure decreased from 594,300 at the
start of 2011 to 571,700 by year-end. In the
United Kingdom, UNHCRs estimate
of the refugee population was revised
downwards from 238,200 to 193,500.
(12)
COUNTRIES OF ASYLUM
With one exception, the 10 major refu-
gee-hosting countries in 2011 were the
same as in 2010. The United Kingdom
dropped out of the list of the top 10, and
Ethiopia moved into ninth place [see
Figure 4 page 14]. Together, these 10 coun-
tries accounted for 59 per cent of all refu-
gees under UNHCRs mandate.
As in 2010, Pakistan hosted the larg-
est number of refugees (1.7 million),
nearly all from Afghanistan, with a
decrease of almost 200,000 in the to-
tal refugee population in the country.
The decrease was partly due to a large
number of registered Afghans not hav-
ing renewed their Proof of Registration
card by 31 December 2011. The Islamic
Republic of Iran hosted 886,500 refugees
by year-end, again almost all Afghans.
The Government decreased its refugee
estimate by 187,000 people as a result
Islamic Rep. of
Iran | Afghan
refugees At a recent
conference in Geneva, the
international community.
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of a re-registration exercise known as
Amayesh VII for Afghan refugees.
According to Government estimates,
the Syrian Arab Republic was host to
750,000 Iraqi refugees, making it the
third largest refugee-hosting country.
The Government revised its 2011 figure
by 25 per cent (-250,000 people), based on
the assumption that a number of Iraqis
had left the country. UNHCR had reg-
istered and was assisting 100,300 Iraqi
refugees in the Syrian Arab Republic at
the end of 2011.
Germany reported 571,700 refugees
at the end of 2011, a decrease of 4 per cent
(-22,600 people). Kenya was the fifth
largest hosting country at the end of
2011 with 566,500 refugees. The overall
11 In the absence of official refugee statistics,
UNHCR is required to estimate refugee populations
in 24 industrialized countries.
12 Idem.
Protracted
refugee situations
UNHCR defines a protracted refugee
situation as one in which 25,000 or more
refugees of the same nationality have been
in exile for five years or longer in any given
asylum country. Based on this definition,
it is estimated that some 7.1 million refugees
were in a protracted situation by the end
of 2011. These refugees were living in 26 host
countries accounting for an overall total
of 31 protracted situations.
During the uprising in Libya

hundreds of thousands of people,
including a significant number of
migrant workers, fled to Tunisia.
Hanif is from Bangladesh but was
living in Libya. He is waiting to be
provided with temporary shelter
at the transit camp of Choucha Ras
Djir, situated eight kilometers from
the Tunisian border with Libya.
UNHCR Regions
Start-2011 End-2011 Change (total)
Refugees
People in
refugee-like
situations
Total
refugees Refugees
People in
refugee-like
situations
Total
refugees Absolute %
- Central Africa and Great Lakes 628,400 - 628,400 635,100 - 635,100 6,700 1.1%
- East and Horn of Africa 1,206,100 34,300 1,240,400 1,606,900 26,000 1,632,900 392,500 31.6%
- Southern Africa 146,200 - 146,200 144,900 - 144,900 -1,300 -0.9%
- West Africa 168,300 - 168,300 280,500 - 280,500 112,200 66.7%
Total Africa
*
2,149,000 34,300 2,183,300 2,667,400 26,000 2,693,400 510,100 23.4%
Americas 513,500 290,500 804,000 516,600 290,800 807,400 3,400 0.4%
Asia and Pacific 3,793,900 220,200 4,014,100 3,390,900 216,300 3,607,200 -406,900 -10.1%
Europe 1,605,500 1,000 1,606,500 1,556,600 900 1,557,500 -49,000 -3.1%
Middle East and North Africa 1,889,900 50,800 1,940,700 1,669,400 69,900 1,739,300 -201,400 -10.4%
Total 9,951,800 596,800 10,548,600 9,800,900 603,900 10,404,800 -143,800 -1.4%
TABLE 1
Refugee populations by UNHCR regions | 2011
* Excluding North Africa.
628,400
1,240,400
146,200
168,300
2,183,300
804,000
4,014,100
1,606,500
1,940,700
10,548,600
635,100
1,632,900
144,900
280,500
2,693,400
807,400
3,607,200
1,557,500
1,739,300
10,404,800
Map 2
Main source countries of refugees | end-2011
Major refugee origin
> = 500,000
250,000 to < 500,000
100,000 to < 250,000
10,000 to < 100,000
< 10,000
figure increased by 163,600 people dur-
ing the year (+41%), mainly as a result of
new arrivals from Somalia. From 2009
to 2011, 374,000 Somali refugees arrived
in Kenya, stretching the capacity of the
Dadaab and Kakuma refugee camps to a
maximum. In Jordan, the Governments
estimate of Iraqi refugees remained un-
changed at 450,000, of whom UNHCR
has registered and assisted 32,200. In
Chad, the overall refugee population in-
creased by 5 per cent to 366,500 by the
end of 2011, partly due to new arrivals
from Sudan. The country was thus the
seventh largest refugee-hosting country
in the world.
Estimated numbers in China re-
mained unchanged from 2010. On the
other hand, Ethiopia witnessed mass
new arrivals in 2011. In 2008 Ethiopia
had been host to 83,600 refugees, the
27
th
largest refugee-hosting country in
the world at that time, and the lowest
level for Ethiopia in nearly three dec-
ades. Since 2008 refugee figures have
more than tripled with the arrival of
hundreds of thousands of Eritrean and
Somali refugees. By the end of 2011,
the refugee population had grown to
288,800 making Ethiopia host to the
ninth largest refugee population.
COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN
With close to 2.7 million refugees in 79
remained relatively stable compared to
early 2011. For Myanmar, figures include
an estimated 200,000 unregistered people
in Bangladesh, while for Colombians, it in-
cludes refugees as well people in a refugee-
like situation in Ecuador, the Bolivarian
Republic of Venezuela and Panama.
CAPACITIES AND CONTRIBUTIONS
OF HOST COUNTRIES
The impact of hosting refugees should,
in theory, be quantifiable in terms of
the national and international protec-
tion and assistance provided, and of the
contributions made by refugees to the
host country. In practice, however, com-
prehensive and comparable data are not
available to allow this calculation.
Countries with strong economies are
more likely to be capable of absorbing
and supporting refugees. By comparing
the refugee population with the average
income level of a country according to
the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Pur-
chasing Power Parity)
(13)
per capita
(14)
, a
statistical measure can be obtained of
the relative weight of hosting refugees. If
the number of refugees per 1 USD GDP
(PPP) per capita is high, the relative con-
tribution and effort made by countries
compared to their national economy can
be considered as high. The 20 countries
with the largest number of refugees per
1 USD GDP per capita are all developing
countries, and include 12 Least Devel-
oped Countries. Moreover, more than
4.7 million refugees, representing 45
per cent of the worlds refugees, resided
in countries whose GDP (PPP) per capita
was below USD 3,000.
At the end of 2011, Pakistan had the
highest number of refugees compared to
its national economy [see Figure 6], host-
ing 605 refugees per 1 USD GDP (PPP)
per capita. The Democratic Republic of
the Congo was second with 399 refugees
per 1 USD GDP (PPP) per capita, followed
by Kenya (321), Liberia (290), Ethiopia
(253), and Chad (211). The first developed
country was Germany, in 26
th
place,
with 15 refugees per 1 USD GDP (PPP)
per capita.
countries, Afghanistan remained the
leading country of origin of refugees in
2011. On average, one out of four refugees
in the world were from Afghanistan,
with 95 per cent of them located in Pa-
kistan and the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Iraqis were the second largest group,
with an estimated 1.4 million having
sought refuge mainly in neighbouring
countries. Afghan and Iraqi refugees ac-
counted for more than one-third (39%) of
all refugees under UNHCRs responsi-
bility worldwide. [see Map 2]
Somalis constituted the third largest
refugee group under UNHCRs respon-
sibility, with almost 1.1 million people at
the end of 2011, three times as many as
in 2004. As conditions in Somalia con-
tinued to deteriorate, particularly in the
central and southern areas of the coun-
try, the combination of conflict, violence,
drought, and famine caused more than
300,000 people to flee their country in
2011. More than half found shelter at the
Dadaab refugee camps in Kenya. Others
fled to Ethiopia (101,000), Yemen (27,400),
and Djibouti (5,700). In Dadaab, the devel-
opment of new sites, registration, deliver-
ies of emergency assistance and services
continued throughout the year. As from
October, violence against Kenyan securi-
ty forces and humanitarian workers crip-
pled the ability of aid agencies to deliver
all but life-saving assistancefood, water
and health services.
Sudan was the fourth largest country
of origin, with 500,000 refugees under
UNHCRs mandate at the end of 2011.
Fighting in southern areas of Sudan
drove thousands of refugees out of the
country. An estimated 102,000 people
fled Sudan during 2011, mainly to South
Sudan (76,800) and Ethiopia (19,200).
Many families left with few belongings
and walked for weeks through the bush,
stopping where there was water and mov-
ing on when the source ran dry. Some
were stranded in heavily-forested areas
bordering South Sudan.
Other main source countries of refu-
gees were the Democratic Republic of
the Congo (491,500), Myanmar (414,600),
and Colombia (395,900). The number of
Congolese refugees increased by about
14,700, mainly as a result of almost 8,000
asylum-seekers being granted refugee sta-
tus in Burundi and Uganda. The numbers
of refugees from Myanmar and Colombia
13 Source for Gross Domestic Product (Purchasing
Power Parity): International Monetary Fund, World
Economic Outlook Database, April 2012 (accessed
25 April 2012).
14 Source for national populations: United Nations,
Population Division, World Population Prospects:
The 2010 Revision, New York, 2011.
2,664,400
Fig. 4 Major refugee-hosting countries | end-2011
Pakistan
Islamic Rep. of Iran
*
Syrian Arab Rep.
Germany
Kenya
*
Jordan
Chad
**
China
Ethiopia
***
United States
1,702,700
886,500
755,400
571,700
566,500
451,000
366,500
301,000
288,800
264,800
* Government estimate. UNHCR has registered and is assisting 132,500 Iraqi refugees in both countries.
** The 300,000 Vietnamese refugees are well integrated and in practice receive protection from
the Government of China.
*** UNHCR estimate.
Fig. 5 Major source countries of refugees | end-2011
Afghanistan
Iraq
Somalia
*
Sudan
Dem. Rep. of the Congo
**
Myanmar
**
Colombia
***
Viet Nam
Eritrea
China
1,428,300
1,077,000
500,000
491,500
414,600
395,900
337,800
252,000
205,400
* May include citizens of South Sudan (in absence of separate statistics for both countries).
** Includes people in a refugee-like situation.
*** The 300,000 Vietnamese refugees are well integrated and in practice receive protection from
the Government of China.
Fig. 6 Number of refugees per 1 USD GDP (PPP) per capita
| 2011
Pakistan
Dem. Rep. of the Congo
Kenya
Liberia
Ethiopia
Chad
Syrian Arab Rep.
Bangladesh
Uganda
United Rep. of Tanzania
605
399
321
290
253
211
143
121
101
92
R
ESETTLEMENT ben-
efits a comparatively small
number of refugees: in 2011,
less than 1 per cent of the
worlds refugees benefited
from this durable solution. Over the
past five years, some 455,000 refu-
gees were resettled compared to 2.3
million refugees who repatriated.
For every refugee resettled since
2007, approximately five have re-
patriated. In recent years, UNHCR
and States have worked to increase
the use of resettlement as a strategic
durable solutionserving to resolve
some protracted refugees situations,
to create protection space, and to
Of the three durable solutions sought by UNHCR and the international community to resolve
the plight of refugees, voluntary repatriation has benefited the largest number of refugees
over the years. While this remains the preferred solution among most of the worlds refugees,
persistent conflict, fear of persecution or lack of basic services in the areas of return often
prevent them from returning to their countries of origin. For some refugees, resettlement to
a third country is the only way to find permanent safety and the enjoyment of fundamental
human rights. Local integration is a complex and gradual process, involving legal, economic
and socio-cultural dimensions. In many cases, acquiring the nationality of the country of
asylum is the culmination of this process. Local integration as a process is difficult to measure
in numerical terms, given the variety of legal and practical forms it can take. The analysis of
local integration data appearing below is therefore limited, and subject to the availability of
statistics on the naturalization of refugees in host countries.
(15)
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Dem. Rep. of the
Congo | UNHCR
resumes return
operation for 43,000
Angolans
15 The need for durable solutions is not limited to
refugees: IDPs and stateless persons also require lasting
resolution to their legal and physical protection needs.
However, due to the lack of reliable and comprehensive
data on solutions for other groups, the analysis in this
section is confined to durable solutions for refugees.
16 Based on consolidated reports from countries of
asylum (departure) and origin (return).
open up solutions that might other-
wise have remained closed.
VOLUNTARY REPATRIATION
The number of refugees returning
home voluntarily has fallen steadily
since 2004. This trend was reversed
in 2011, with an estimated 532,000
refugees repatriating during the
year.
(16)
This was more than double
the figure (+169%) in 2010 (197,600), and
the highest since 2008, when 604,000
This Tamil refugee family from Sri Lanka
is among the first group of returnees travelling
by sea from India under UNHCRs voluntary
repatriation programme. They wear garlands
to celebrate their return during a welcoming
ceremony at the harbour in Colombo.
The returnees arrived by commercial ferry
after an overnight voyage from Tuticorin in
Tamil Nadu, southern India.
IV
Durable Solutions
Fig. 7 Refugee returns | 2000-2011
(in millions)
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
01 00 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 11 10
Non-assisted
UNHCR-assisted
Sri Lanka | Home
at last Grace Selvarani
has lived in a refugee camp
in India for the past two
decades
second lowest since large-scale returns
began in 2002.
Iraq reported the highest number
of refugee returns since 2004, when
194,000 persons had returned. In 2011,
figures reached 67,100, more than dou-
ble those of 2010 (28,900). This increase
could be the result of a government deci-
sion to increase the amount of funds allo-
cated to returnees, an increase in securi-
ty and a reduction in sectarian violence.
Overall, more than half a million Iraqis
have returned between 2003 and 2011.
RESETTLEMENT
Resettlement continued to play a vital
role as an essential component of com-
prehensive frameworks for durable so-
lutions. It also constituted an important
protection tool, and an international
responsibility-sharing mechanism.
Worldwide, the resettlement base has
expanded to 26 countries in 2011. The
adoption of the Joint European Union
(EU) Resettlement Scheme
(17)
is expected
to enhance the number of resettlement
places available in EU Member States.
However, the number of resettlement
places offered by States has not signifi-
cantly increased over the years, and has
remained at around 80,000. Global
resettlement placement needs, assessed at
some 800,000, thus exceeded the num-
ber of places available by a ratio of 1:10.
In 2011, UNHCR submitted some
92,000 refugees for resettlement. Ten
per cent of all submissions were for
women and girls at risk, the highest per-
centage of the last six years. Overall, sub-
mission levels declined, due to the time
involved in processing complex cases
and to UNHCRs decision to contain
submission levels to avoid the accumula-
tion of pending cases for certain refugee
populations which are unable to depart.
During the year, a total of 79,800 ref-
ugees were admitted by 22 resettlement
countries, including the United States
of America (51,500),
(18)
Canada (12,900),
Australia (9,200), Sweden (1,900), and
Norway (1,300). Overall, this was almost
20,000 people less than in 2010 (98,800).
The United States of America and Can-
ada together admitted four-fifths of all
resettled refugees in 2011.
Of all those resettled in 2011, al-
most 62,000 individuals departed with
UNHCRs assistance14 per cent less
than in 2010. This sharp decrease was
due to tightened security screening af-
fecting Iraqi and Somali refugees in par-
ticular, and to a lack of access by reset-
tlement selection missions to major pro-
cessing countries (Syrian Arab Republic,
Kenya) for security and safety reasons.
By nationality, the main beneficiaries
of the UNHCR-facilitated resettlement
programmes in 2011 were refugees from
Bhutan (18,100), Myanmar (17,900), Iraq
(8,900), and Somalia (4,800).
UNHCR offices in 83 countries of
asylum were involved in facilitating
resettlement processing during 2011.
The largest number of refugees re-
settled with UNHCRs assistance de-
parted from Nepal (18,100), Thailand
(9,600), Malaysia (8,400), the Syr-
ian Arab Republic (4,700), and Turkey
(4,400). These five UNHCR offices
combined accounted for 7 out of every
10 resettlement departure assisted by
the organization in 2011.
LOCAL INTEGRATION
Measuring the degree and nature of
local integration in quantitative terms
has remained a challenge. In instances
where refugees acquired citizenship
through naturalization, statistics were
often limited by the fact that many of
the countries concerned make no dis-
tinction between the naturalization of
refugees and that of others. National
laws in many other countries do not
permit refugees to be naturalized.
Hence, the naturalization of refugees
tends to be restricted and, where feasi-
ble, under-reported.
Nevertheless, the limited data on
naturalization of refugees available to
UNHCR show that during the past dec-
ade at least 900,000 refugees have been
granted citizenship by their asylum
country. The United States of America
alone accounted for two-thirds of this
figure.
(19)
For 2011, UNHCR was in-
formed of refugees being granted citizen-
ship in 25 countries, including Belgium
(1,200), Ireland (1,100), Viet Nam (940),
Armenia (420), and Georgia (230).
refugees repatriated. Despite this sharp
increase, the number of repatriating
refugees in 2011 was the third low-
est in a decade. Globally, more than
9.1 million refugees have returned home
over the past 10 years, three-quarters of
them with UNHCR assistance.
For 2011, the main countries of re-
turn included Libya (149,000), Cte
dIvoire (135,200), Afghanistan (71,100),
Iraq (67,100), Sudan (50,100), and the
Democratic Republic of the Congo
(21,100). The largest number of refugee
departures was reported by Tunisia
(149,000), followed by Liberia (135,100),
Pakistan (52,100), Chad (37,400), and
the Islamic Republic of Iran (36,900).
In the case of Libya and Cte dIvoire,
the return took place less than a year
following the flight.
Although for the first time since
2009 Afghanistan was not the country
with the highest number of returning
refugees, it remained the most impor-
tant country of return in terms of efforts
to resolve a protracted situation. Overall,
more than 5.5 million Afghan refugees
or roughly one-fifth of Afghanistans
populationhave returned home since
2002, most of them with UNHCRs as-
sistance. With 71,100 registered returns
during the year, levels in 2011 were the
17 See http://www.unhcr.org/4f7589ef9.html.
18 During US Fiscal Year 2011, some 56,400 refugees were resettled to the United States of America.
19 The United States of America ceased issuing statistics on the number of naturalized refugees. The latest available information dates back to 2009, when 55,300 refugees
were naturalized between January and September of that year.
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A former teacher from Libya stands in his bathroom which is filled with rubble
from a shell that destroyed the roof. The armed conflict in Libya had a
devastating impact on families, resulting in both physical and emotional damage.
Fig. 8 Resettlement of refugees | 2000-2011
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
01 00 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11
UNHCR-assisted departures
Total resettlement arrivals
I
N COLOMBIA, where the
Government began registering
IDPs in 1997, more than 3.8 mil-
lion IDPs were reported as reg-
istered at year-end. Escalating
violence in Cte dIvoire displaced an
estimated one million people during
the year while the uprising in Libya
displaced more than half a million
people within the country. In both
countries, hundreds of thousands of
IDPs were able to return to their place
of habitual residence during the year,
reducing the estimated number of
IDPs protected/assisted by UNHCR
to 126,700 (Cte dIvoire) and 93,600
(Libya) respectively.
In Sudan, the number of IDPs
protected or assisted by UNHCR
was approximately 2.4 million
(22)
by
the end of the year. In Somalia, the
IDP figure stood at an estimated 1.4
million. In the newly-independent
State of South Sudan, an estimated
350,000 people were displaced in
2011, due to fighting. The number of
IDPs protected/assisted by UNHCR,
including that of persons in IDP-like
situation, stood at 560,200 by the end
of 2011. Renewed conflict and security
concerns displaced 212,000 people in
Afghanistan in 2011; by the end of the
year, the number of IDPs was esti-
mated at almost 447,500, compared
to 351,900 in 2010.
In Yemen, internal displacement
continued as tens of thousands of ci-
vilians fled tribal clashes in the north
The global number of conflict-generated IDPs at the end of 2011 was estimated at some
26.4 million.
(20)
The number of IDPs, including people in IDP-like situations
(21)
who benefited from
UNHCRs protection and assistance activities stood at almost 15.5 million at the end
of 2011. This was the second highest figure on record, and almost 800,000 more than at the end
of 2010 (14.7 million). The increase was partly due to new or renewed displacement occurring in
Afghanistan, Cte dIvoire, Libya, South Sudan, Sudan, and Yemen. UNHCR offices reported
at least 2.9 million newly-displaced people in 2011. More than 3.2 million IDPs returned home
during the reporting period - the highest number in 15 years. In countries where UNHCR
was engaged with IDPs in 2011, returns were highest in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
(822,700), Pakistan (620,400), Cte dIvoire (466,800), and Libya (458,000). UNHCR statistics
at the end of 2011 included IDP populations in a total of 26 countries.
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Somalia | Dollow:
Help inside Somalia
Dollow is a dusty Somali
border town with a bridge
Libya |
Displacement in
Libya: Misrata,
Benghazi and Tobru
20 For detailed statistics on global internal
displacement, see the IDMC website at www.internal-
displacement.org.
21 As in Kyrgyzstan (160,500), South Sudan (207,200),
and Sudan (83,100).
22 According to IDMC estimates, the number of IDPs in
Sudan is estimated at up to 5.2 million.
Indigenous children from the Tule ethnic
group in Colombias Choco region perform
a traditional dance with a flute. This ethnic
group has only recently been able to return
to its land. However, the presence of armed
groups in the area means that they are at
risk of being displaced again.
Internally Displaced Persons
V
IDPs protected/assisted by UNHCR | end-2011
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
SERBIA*
GEORGIA
AZERBAIJAN
AFGHANISTAN
PAKISTAN
SRI LANKA
YEMEN
SOMALIA
COLOMBIA
KENYA
UGANDA
BURUNDI
ZIMBABWE
CTE D IVOIRE
CHAD
SUDAN**
**SOUTH SUDAN
CENTRAL AFRICAN REP.
MYANMAR
KYRGYZSTAN**
IRAQ
LIBYA
PHILIPPINES
IDP population
4,000,000
400,000
2,000,000
Map 3
* Serbia (and Kosovo: S/RES/1244 (1999))
** Includes people in an IDP-like situation.
the country at year-end. In the Demo-
cratic Republic of the Congo, more than
822,000 IDPs returned to their homes
in 2011; however, the number of IDPs at
year-end remained high (1.7 million) as a
result of renewed conflict.
(23)
Some 96,000 IDPs in Uganda were
able to return to their villages in the
course of the year, reducing the IDP
population remaining in camps and
transit sites to less than 30,000, and
marking the end of UNHCRs assis-
tance to displaced people in the country.
At the conflicts peak in 2005, caused by
fighting between the Ugandan army
and the rebel Lords Resistance Army,
there had been 1.84 million IDPs living
in 251 camps across 11 districts of north-
ern Uganda.

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23 The number of newly displaced persons in the
Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2011 is unknown.
and renewed fighting between govern-
ment troops and militant groups in the
south. As a consequence, the number
of IDPs protected/assisted by UNHCR
in the country rose to 347,300153,600
persons more than in 2010.
In Pakistan, although more than
620,000 displaced people were able to
return home in 2011, an estimated
453,000 remained displaced within
Somali refugee women in Dadaab, Kenya
preparing a meal. Dadaab is the largest
refugee camp in the world, hosting about
half a million people.
Fig. 9 Internal displacement due to conflict
| 2001-2011 (end-year)
(in millions)
28
24
20
16
12
8
4
0
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 11 10
Portion of IDPs protected/assisted by UNHCR
24 Owing to the fact that some European countries
have not yet released all their national asylum data at
the time of writing, this figure is likely to be revised later
this year.
25 For a detailed analysis of asylum trends in
industrialized countries, see Asylum Levels and Trends
in Industrialized Countries, 2011, UNHCR Geneva, March
2012, available at: http://www.unhcr.org/4e9beaa19.
html.
26 Despite the fact that statistical reporting on new
asylum-seekers has improved in recent years, in particular
in Europe, it should be borne in mind that the data for
some countries include a significant number of repeat
claims, i.e. the applicant has submitted at least one
previous application in the same or another country.
27 Statistical information on outcomes of asylum
appeals and court proceedings is under-reported in
UNHCR statistics, particularly in industrialized countries,
because this type of data is often either not collected by
States or not published separately.
D
URING 2011, some 876,100
(24)

individual applications for
asylum or refugee status
were submitted to Govern-
ments or UNHCR offices
in 171 countries or territories. This
constituted a 3 per cent increase com-
pared to the previous year (850,300
claims) and was in line with increases
observed in industrialized countries
in 2011.
(25)
Of the provisional total of
876,100 asylum claims, an estimated
738,200 were initial applications
(26)

lodged in first instance procedures
while the remaining 137,900 claims
were submitted at second instance,
including with courts or other ap-
pellate bodies.
(27)
UNHCR offices registered some
98,800 applications out of the provi-
sional total of 876,100 claims in 2011,
slightly more than the year before
(96,800). The Offices share in the
global number of applications regis-
tered remained stable at 11 per cent.
NEW INDIVIDUAL ASYLUM
APPLICATIONS RECEIVED
With close to 107,000 new asylum
claims registered in 2011, South
Africa was the first destination for
new asylum-seekers for the fourth
successive year, accounting for al-
most one-tenth of all individual ap-
plications worldwide. Although the
2011 figure was 69 per cent lower than
in 2010 (180,600 claims), it was twice
that of 2006 when a mere 53,400 in-
dividuals had sought international
protection there. Between 2006 and
2011, South Africa registered more
than 816,000 new asylum applica-
tions, making it by far the top des-
tination for asylum-seekers for this
six-year period. Zimbabweans ac-
counted for more than half of claims
submitted in South Africa during
this periodclose to half a million
asylum applications. As in past years,
Zimbabweans lodged half of all asy-
lum claims registered in South Af-
rica in 2011 (51,000 applications).
This section presents main trends in individual asylum applications lodged in 2011, with an
overview of decisions. It does not include information on mass influxes of refugees, nor on those
granted refugee status on a group or prima facie basis.
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Greece | Beyond
the border The Turkish
border with Greece
became the main entry
point
These asylum-seekers, who were rescued by
the Italian coastguard, are lucky to be alive.
Their boat sank on its way from North Africa
to the Italian island of Lampedusa.
VI
Asylum-seekers
TABLE 2 New and appeal applications received
2009 2010 2011
*
State
**
803,300 747,300 745,600
UNHCR 119,100 96,800 98,800
Jointly
***
26,000 6,200 31,700
Total 948,400 850,300 876,100
% UNHCR only 13% 11% 11%
* Provisional figures.
** Includes revised estimates.
*** Refers to refugee status determination conducted jointly by UNHCR
and the governments.
Greece | In the
waiting line Every
Friday, asylum-seekers
crowd around the police
station in Athens
-
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
SERBIA*
AFGHANISTAN
ISLAMIC REP. OF IRAN
SYRIAN ARAB REP.
PAKISTAN
SRI LANKA
ERITREA
SOMALIA
COLOMBIA
ETHIOPIA
ZIMBABWE
NIGERIA
CTE D IVOIRE
SUDAN
MYANMAR
BANGLADESH
CHINA
IRAQ
Asylum applications
50,000
5,000
25,000
Map 4
Main countries of origin of new asylum-seekers | in 2011
(10,000 or more asylum applications)
* Serbia (and Kosovo: S/RES/1244 (1999))
Middle East and North Africa as well
as Turkey. These operations had to re-
spond not only to the protection needs
arising from the large-scale influxes
of Libyans and Syrians, but also to in-
creased numbers of asylum-seekers and
refugees from third countries residing
or transiting in Libya and the Syrian
Arab Republic, in addition to ongoing
influxes from other neighbouring coun-
tries. In Yemen, ongoing conflict in the
East and Horn of Africa continued to
result in large scale influxes of Somalis
and Ethiopians, while insecurity inside
the country contributed to increased
numbers of asylum-seekers on the ter-
ritory approaching UNHCR.
BY NATIONALITY
The highest number of new asylum
claims filed by individuals with UNHCR
or with States originated from Zimbabwe
(52,500), Afghanistan (43,000), Somalia
(35,900), Cte dIvoire (33,000), the Dem-
ocratic Republic of the Congo (31,500),
Myanmar (29,800), and Iraq (29,100) [see
Map 4]. However, these figures conceal
the fact that certain nationalities tend to
cluster in a limited number of countries.
For instance, 9 out of 10 Zimbabwean
The United States of America re-
ceived roughly three-quarters of the
number of new claims in South Afri-
caan estimated 76,000 applications.
(28)
This number represented an increase
of 40 per cent in 2011, compared to 2010
(54,400). Primarily asylum-seekers
from China (+20%), Mexico (+94%) and
India (+241%) accounted for this increase.
Almost half of all asylum claims in the
country were lodged by asylum-seekers
from China (26%), Mexico (14%), or El
Salvador (7%).
France was the third largest recipient
in 2011 (52,100 claims), recording an 8 per
cent increase compared to 2010 (48,100
claims)the fourth consecutive yearly
rise. The increase in 2011 was partly
due to a doubling of asylum claims from
Armenians: from 1,800 in 2010 to more
than 3,600 claims a year later. Similarly,
asylum claims from citizens of Cte
dIvoire tripled, from 530 to almost 1,700
during the same period. The Russian
Federation was the top country of origin
of asylum-seekers in France, with some
4,000 asylum claims registered in 2011,
followed by the Democratic Republic of
the Congo (3,800 claims) and Armenia
(3,600 claims).
Germany was fourth destination
country for new asylum-seekers in 2011,
with more than 45,700 registered asylum
claims. This was an 11 per cent increase
compared to 2010 (41,300 claims), and
the highest since 2003 (50,600 claims).
The increase in 2011 was partly the
result of higher numbers of asylum-
seekers from Afghanistan (+32%), the
Syrian Arab Republic (+77%), and Paki-
stan (+202%). Afghanistan was also the
top country of origin of asylum-seekers
in Germany, with 7,800 claims regis-
tered in 2011. On average, three out of
ten applications in the country were
lodged by Afghans.
In Italy, following significantly in-
creased numbers of new asylum appli-
cants in 2008 (30,300 claims), many of
them arriving by sea, the number of peo-
ple requesting international protection
there declined to a five-year low in 2010
(10,000 claims). In 2011, however, this
trend was reversed with an estimated
34,100
(29)
asylum applications registered
(+240%). This figure, linked to a large ex-
tent to upheaval in North Africa in 2010-
2011, constituted an all-time record for
Italy, making it the fifth largest recipient
of asylum-seekers worldwide in 2011. Ni-
geria remained the main country of ori-
gin of asylum-seekers with 6,200 claims
registered (up from 1,400 a year earlier),
followed by Tunisia (4,600 claims) and
Ghana (3,100 claims). Other important
destination countries for asylum-seekers
were Sweden (29,600), Belgium (26,000),
the United Kingdom (25,500), Canada
(25,000)
(30)
, and Ghana (20,100).
In 2011, UNHCR offices registered
80,100 new individual applications for
refugee status and 18,700 on appeal or for
review. The office in Turkey received the
largest number of new requests (16,000).
Malaysia received the second largest
(15,700 new claims), followed by Yemen
(5,400), Egypt (5,200), Jordan (4,600), and
Tunisia (4,500). Among the countries
listed in Table 3, offices in Turkey, Jordan,
Yemen, Egypt and Tunisia were con-
fronted with an increase in applications
while those in Malaysia, Cameroon and
the Syrian Arab Republic experienced
a decrease. In India and Indonesia, levels
remained relatively stable. The top five
UNHCR offices receiving asylum appli-
cations registered 59 per cent of all new
claims in 2011. Moreover, four-fifths of
UNHCRs refugee status determination
work (in terms of applications received)
was concentrated in 10 countries.
Events related to the Arab Spring, in
particular in Libya and the Syrian Arab
Republic, placed significant pressures
on UNHCRs RSD operations in the
28 Estimated number of individuals based on the number of new cases (38,520) and multiplied by 1.4 to
reflect the average number of individuals per case (Source: US Department of Homeland Security); and number of
new defensive asylum requests lodged with the Executive Office of Immigration Review (22,060, reported
by individuals).
29 Provisional figure, subject to change since the Government of Italy is still processing asylum claims
received in 2011.
30 Source: Canadian Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB).
Provisional data indicate that
17,700 individual asylum applications
were lodged by UASC in 69 countries
in 2011. This constituted about 4 per
cent of the total number of asylum
claims lodged in those countries, and
was consistent with the percentage
observed in 2009 and 2010 (4%
each). In absolute terms, however,
the number of UASC seeking asylum
increased compared to 2010 (15,600
claims in 69 countries), consistent
with the overall increase in the global
number of asylum-seekers recorded.
Europe received 13,300 or three-quarters
of the 17,700 UASC claims. Sweden and
Germany registered again the greatest
number of UASC asylum claims in
Europe, with 2,700 and 2,100 UASC
claims respectively. Belgium and the
United Kingdom were other important
recipients of UASC applications,
with 1,600 and 1,300 UASC claims
respectively. Outside Europe, Kenya and
Indonesia were important destination
countries for UASC, with 1,200 and 580
asylum claims respectively.
The available information indicates that
5,200 unaccompanied or separated
children were recognized in 2011 as
refugees or granted a complementary
form of protection. Despite a
signicantly higher number of UASC
applications, this gure was lower than
in 2010 (5,400 positive grants) and 2009
(7,700 positive grants). Europe accounted
for 58 per cent of all positive decisions
rendered in 2011.
The available information on the
country of origin of UASC conrmed the
trend already observed in previous years
whereby mainly Afghan and Somali
children applied for asylum. These two
nationalities accounted for almost half
of all UASC claims in 2011.
* For additional information, see 2010

Statistical Yearbook, p. 45, UNHCR, Geneva.
Unaccompanied or separated children (UASC) seeking asylum
*
Turkey 16,000
Malaysia 15,700
Yemen 5,400
Egypt 5,200
Jordan 4,600
Tunisia 4,500
Indonesia 4,100
India 4,000
Cameroon 2,900
Syrian Arab Rep. 2,700
* Excluding appeal/review claims.
TABLE 3
New asylum claims
lodged in 2011 in
top 10 UNHCR offices
*
2009 2010 2011
*
State 512,300 512,800 518,000
UNHCR 69,200 61,100 52,600
Jointly
**
21,000 5,200 6,500
Total 602,500 579,100 577,100
% UNHCR only 11% 11% 9%
TABLE 4 Substantive decisions taken
* Provisional figures.
** Refers to refugee status determination conducted jointly by UNHCR and the governments.
Fig. 10 Main destination countries for new asylum-seekers
| 2010-2011
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
South
Africa
USA France Germany Italy Sweden Belgium UK Canada Ghana
2011
2010
(x 1,000)
I
N DECEMBER 2011, UNHCR
convened an intergovernmental
meeting to commemorate the
60
th
anniversary of the 1951 Con-
vention relating to the Status of
Refugees and the 50
th
anniversary of
the 1961 Convention on the Reduc-
tion of Statelessness. Many States
used this occasion to pledge their
accession to one or both of the 1954
and 1961 Statelessness Conventions, to
establish statelessness determination
procedures, and to improve levels of
birth registration and civil documen-
tation in order to prevent and reduce
statelessness. In addition, a number
of States expressed their commit-
ment to improve data collection on
stateless populations, including five
States which specifically pledged to
map stateless populations within
their respective territories. UNHCR
has already begun to see the results
of the 2010 World Population and
Housing Census Programme
(34)
in
providing information that is crucial
to determine the magnitude of state-
lessness.
(35)
The statistics in this report only
include data on countries for which
reliable official statistics or estimates
of stateless populations were avail-
able. Annex table 7
(36)
includes some
countries (marked with an asterisk)
for which UNHCR has information
about the existence of significant
stateless populations but for which
no reliable figures were available.
They include the Dominican Repub-
lic, India and Indonesia.
Following a gradual expansion
in data coverage and awareness of
stateless persons in recent years, the
quality of data improved somewhat
in 2011, but the number of countries
reporting statelessness figures did not
increase. By the end of 2011, statistics
on stateless populations were avail-
able for 64 countries, compared to the
30 countries reporting these figures
in 2004, when UNHCR first started
systematically collecting statistics
on stateless populations. For 2011,
UNHCR offices reported an identified
3.5 million stateless persons, a figure
comparable to that reported in 2010.
Significant progress was made in
obtaining statistics on the reduction
of the number of stateless persons
due to acquisition or confirmation of
nationality. Approximately 119,000
stateless persons in 27 countries ac-
quired nationality during the year.
Almost half of this number was as a
result of steps to resolve the stateless
situation of part of the Kurdish popu-
lation in the Syrian Arab Republic.
Despite improvements in the
number of countries reporting and
in the reliability of reported figures,
UNHCR was unable to provide com-
prehensive statistics on the number
of stateless persons in all countries
around the world. As a result, there
was a discrepancy between reliable
country-level data reported by UNHCR
and the total number of stateless per-
sons worldwide, estimated at up to 12
million people. Increased data cover-
age will gradually narrow this gap.
Identifying stateless persons remains key to addressing their difficulties, and to enabling
UNHCR to fulfil its mandate with respect to stateless persons. This responsibility includes
the prevention and reduction of statelessness and the protection of stateless persons, and
involves informing the international community of the magnitude of statelessness around the
world. Measuring statelessness is complicated by the very nature of the phenomenon. Stateless
people often live in precarious situations on the margin of society, frequently lacking identity
documentation, and subject to discrimination. Only a minority of countries have procedures
in place for the identification, registration and documentation of stateless persons.
asylum claims were lodged in South
Africa. Almost half of all Afghan asy-
lum claims were lodged either in Turkey
(7,900) or Germany (5,800). Similarly,
half of all Somali asylum requests were
submitted in South Africa (10,000),
Sweden (4,000), and Uganda (4,000).
Even though asylum-seekers from Cte
dIvoire sought protection in almost 90
countries, 7 out of 10 requested refugee
status either in Ghana (18,000 claims) or
in Togo (5,200 claims).
DECISIONS
Provisional figures indicate that some
577,100 decisions on individual asylum
applications were rendered during 2011.
UNHCR staff adjudicated 52,600, or
9 per cent of the totala slightly lower
share than in 2010 (11%). In 10 countries,
some 6,500 substantive decisions were
taken in joint UNHCR and State pro-
cedures. All these figures exclude cases
which were closed for administrative
reasons
(31)
with no decisions on the
substance. In 2011, at least 192,500 cases
were closed without substantive deci-
sions issued to applicants.
2011 data relating to individual deci-
sions are still incomplete as a few States
have not yet released all their official sta-
tistics. The 2011 decision data quoted in
this report are therefore not fully compa-
rable with previous years.
Some 216,500 asylum-seekers were
recognized as refugees (172,500) or giv-
en a complementary form of protection
(44,000) in the course of 2011. This num-
ber includes an estimated 21,100
(32)
indi-
viduals whose initial negative decisions
were subsequently overturned at the ap-
peal or review stage. For countries where
the percentage of decisions overturned at
the appeal stage is particularly high, this
may indicate deficiencies in their asylum
procedures.
Some 360,700 claims were rejected on
substantive grounds. This number in-
cludes negative decisions at the first in-
stance, which are subject to appeal. Asy-
lum-seekers rejected at first and second
instances may have been counted twice.
RECOGNITION RATES
At the global level (UNHCR and State
asylum procedures combined), the Ref-
ugee Recognition Rate (RRR) was esti-
mated to be 30 per cent of all substan-
tive decisions taken during 2011, while
the Total Recognition Rate (TRR) was
38 per cent.
(33)
These rates are similar to
those of 2010 (30 per cent for RRR and
39 per cent for TRR). Global recogni-
tion rates remain indicative, as some
States have yet to report relevant data.
The real proportion of positive decisions
was probably slightly higher than these
rates, as decisions for those rejected on
appeal may have been counted twice.
Among the main receiving industrial-
ized countries, where States are responsi-
ble for conducting refugee status determi-
nation, Switzerland and Finland had the
highest TRR at the first instance in 2011
(72% and 67%, respectively). Among the
countries listed in Table 3, TRRs in 2011
were above 50 per cent. Jordan was the
only exception, with a TRR of 39 per cent.
Among the main countries of origin
of asylum-seekers in 2011, the TRR for
persons from Eritrea, Myanmar, Soma-
lia and Sudan were highest, at over 80
per cent at the first instance. Recognition
rates were also high for asylum-seekers
from Cte dIvoire (69%), the Democratic
Republic of the Congo (61%), Iraq (61%),
the Islamic Republic of Iran (60%), China
(56%), the Syrian Arab Republic (56%), and
Afghanistan (53%). In contrast, the TRR
for asylum-seekers from Zimbabwe, the
top country of origin of asylum-seekers in
2011 worldwide, was only 5 per cent.
By the end of the year, some 895,000
individuals were awaiting decisions
on their asylum claims. This figure in-
cludes people at any stage of the asylum
procedure; however, the real magnitude
of undecided asylum cases is unknown,
as many countries do not report this in-
formation.
31 Also referred to as non-substantive decisions which might result inter alia from the death of the applicant, no-show for interview, withdrawal of the application,
abandonment of the claim, or the determination that another country is responsible for the claim (Dublin II procedure).
32 This figure is likely to be substantially higher: a significant number of decisions rendered by States at the appeal or reviewstage of the asylumprocedure have yet to be released.
33 In the absence of an internationally agreed methodology for calculating recognition rates, UNHCR uses two rates to compute the proportion of refugee claims accepted
during the year. The Refugee Recognition Rate divides the number of asylum-seekers granted Convention refugee status by the total number of substantive decisions
(Convention status, complementary protection, and rejected cases). The Total Recognition Rate divides the number of asylum-seekers granted Convention refugee status
or a complementary form of protection by the total number of substantive decisions (Convention status, complementary protection, and rejected cases). Non-substantive
decisions are, to the extent possible, excluded from both calculations. For the purpose of global comparability, UNHCR only uses these two recognition rates and does not
report rates calculated by national authorities.
Significant differences in recognition rates between countries may point to different standards of
treatment for asylum-seekers. The example of Afghan asylum-seekers below illustrates this point. Among the
eight countries listed, the Refugee Recognition Rate (RRR) for Afghan asylum-seekers in 2011 ranged from 3
per cent in the Netherlands to 33 per cent in Austria. The Total Recognition Rate (TRR) for Afghan asylum-
seekers reveals even greater disparities among these eight countries. Here, the TRR ranged from 11 per cent in
Greece to 73 per cent in Sweden.
Different recognition rates

different practices?
34 See http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/default.htm
35 See for example the report of results of the census of the Russian Federation at
http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/results-inform.php
36 See http://www.unhcr.org/statistics/11-WRD-table-7.xls
VII
Stateless Persons
Country
Convention
status
Non-
Convention
status
**
Rejected
%
Convention
status
***
RRR TRR
Austria 822 887 800 48% 33% 68%
Belgium 379 446 604 46% 27% 58%
Germany 701 1,493 3,813 32% 12% 37%
Greece 12 23 285 34% 4% 11%
Netherlands 73 983 1,453 7% 3% 42%
Norway 204 337 615 38% 18% 47%
Sweden 401 2,188 957 15% 11% 73%
United Kingdom 171 279 974 38% 12% 32%
Recognition rate for Afghan asylum-seekers | 2011
*
* Figures refer to first instance procedure. Non-substantive decisions are excluded.
** Complementary form of protection, subsidiary protection, humanitarian status etc.
*** Percentage of Convention status granted out of total positive decisions (Convention + non-Convention).
Lebanon | 1 Life
1 Story Zeinad and Manal,
statelessness an obstacle
to everything
U
NHCR EXTENDED ITS
PROTECTION OR AS-
SISTANCE activities to
individuals whom it con-
siders of concern, but
who do not fall into any of the above
population categories. These activi-
ties were based on humanitarian or
other special grounds, and included
asylum-seekers rejected by States,
but whom UNHCR deemed to be in
need of humanitarian assistance or
otherwise of its concern. The num-
ber of people in this category was 1.4
million by year-end, of whom two-
thirds were Afghans. These were
former refugees who returned to Af-
ghanistan prior to 2011 but who had
been unable to reintegrate due to
the difficult economic situation, the
lack of comprehensive reintegration
measures, and poor security. Many
of these individuals continued to
benefit from UNHCRs assistance.
U
N
H
C
R
/
J
.

T
A
N
N
E
R
Afghanistan |
More focus needed
on reintegration of
former Afghan refugees
VIII
Other groups
or people
of concern
An Afghan family at its makeshift home
in Kabul. This family returned from exile in
Pakistan in 2002. Afghan returnees face many
challenges, including lack of employment
opportunities and difficult security
conditions. A significant number of returnees
are unable to successfully reintegrate in their
places of origin and subsequently move to
Kabul in search of work.
India | Young
and alone Ni Ang, 16,
scrounges in Delhis night
market to feed herself
While the demographic information
on persons of concern to UNHCR has
remained incomplete and variable
across countries and population cat-
egories, UNHCRs efforts to improve
the availability of these data have
yielded significant results in recent
years. By the end of 2011, demographic
data were available for 24.4 million
persons of concern in 155 countries. In
absolute terms, the availability of sex
and age-disaggregated data has more
than doubled since 2005, increasing
from 11 to 24.4 million. In relative
terms, a similar development was
observed with roughly 69 per cent
coverage for persons of concern at the
end of 2011. This compared to about
60 per cent coverage a year earlier.
The availability of data disag-
gregated by sex varied significantly
depending on the type of population
and the region. Data availability was
relatively high for refugees (76%), IDPs
(75%), and Others of concern (86%); but
low for IDP returnees (33%). For refu-
gee returnees, the data coverage was
about 60 per cent while for asylum-
seekers and stateless persons 48 per
cent and 52 per cent respectively.
The availability of data also dif-
fered by region. In the Americas, and
in the Middle East and North Africa
regions, demographic information
for all persons of concern was availa-
ble for 90 and 73 per cent, respectively.
This compared to about 65 per cent
each available in Asia and in Africa.
Europe was the only region where
data disaggregated by sex were avail-
able for only about half of all persons
of concern by the end of 2011.
According to available data (cov-
ering 24.4 million people), nearly
half (49%) of the people falling under
UNHCRs responsibility were fe-
male. Women and girls represented
48 per cent of refugees, 50 per cent of
returned refugees and 51 per cent of
IDPs and stateless persons. The low-
est proportion of female refugees was
in Europe (44%). In most of sub-Sa-
haran Africa, 51 per cent of refugees
were female. The Southern Africa
region was the exception, where only
47 per cent of refugees were women
or girls. The averages hid significant
variations between locations. For
example, among the major refugee-
hosting countries, the percentage of
female refugees ranged from a high
of 56 per cent in Chad down to 31 per
cent in Malaysia.
(37)
U
N
H
C
R
/
T
.

B
A
H
A
R
Information on gender and age is essential for planning, implementing, monitoring and
evaluating refugee programmes. UNHCR offices in the field are encouraged to collect and
disseminate sex and age-disaggregated information on persons of concern. Location data
are also crucial to identify gaps in interventions and disparities in legal and physical protection.
37 Figures based on at least 50 per cent data coverage.
Demographic characteristics
A refugee from Myanmar looks from the
roof of her flat in New Delhi, India.
IX
Demographic and
location characteristics
Haiti | Getting
papers Haiti was the
epicenter of the deadly
2010 earthquake
Italy | Sea rescue
A Guardia di Finanza vessel,
which normally operates
against drug smugglers,
arrives in Italy
Percentage of refugee
women per country
> = 50%
45% to < 50%
40% to < 45%
30% to < 40%
< 30%
Not sufcient data
No data available
Percentage of refugee women | end-2011
Map 5
UNHCR offices were requested to re-
port if beneficiaries resided in urban
areas, rural areas, or a mixed/unknown
location, and to report on the type of ac-
commodation that affected populations
were using. The following categories
were used for accommodation types:
individual accommodation (private),
camp, collective centre, settlement, or
undefined if the type was unclear. Of-
fices reported on the type of location
for 900 individual locations covering
13 million persons of concern.
(39)
Information on the age breakdown
was available for 15.8 million (45%) of
the 35.4 million persons of concern to
UNHCR. The data coverage was rela-
tively high for refugees (67%) and Others
of concern (81%). On average, 47 per cent
of all persons of concern were children
under the age of 18, including 13 per cent
under the age of five. Forty-eight per
cent of the population were adults be-
tween the ages of 18 and 59 years, while
5 per cent were people of 60 years or
more. Among refugees and people in
refugee-like situations, children con-
stituted 46 per cent of the population.
The proportion of children was higher
among refugees who returned home in
2011 (52%) and among stateless popula-
tions (54%)
(38)
. In contrast, children con-
stituted only 34 per cent of asylum-seek-
ers. Among all age groups, boys and girls
were fairly equally distributed, with the
exception of asylum-seekers where the
percentage of boys was significantly
higher than that of girls.
The availability of information ac-
cording to age breakdown is particu-
larly limited for developed countries in
Europe, North America and Oceania.
Thus, the figures are not fully repre-
sentative of the entire population under
UNHCRs responsibility.
Location characteristics
As in the case of demographic data,
the availability of location information
was higher for refugees than for other
population categories. The available data
on 13 million people revealed that IDPs,
returned IDPs and returned refugees
predominantly resided in rural areas at
the end of 2011, while refugees and asy-
lum-seekers were more often established
in urban areas.
Of the 10.4 million refugees, the type
of accommodation was known for 7.7
million (74%). UNHCR offices reported
that more than half of this number was
living in individual accommodation.
Refugee camps were reported as type of
accommodation for approximately one-
third of refugees. Collective centres and
settlements were the least often report-
ed types of accommodation of refugees
(4 and 6 per cent respectively).
Refugee camps and settlements were
mainly found in rural areas, whereas
individual accommodation was the pre-
vailing type of residence in urban areas.
By the end of 2011, refugee camps were
established almost exclusively either in
sub-Saharan Africa (60%) or Asia (35%).
In principle, there was no difference in
the use of accommodation types by male
and female refugees. Refugee children,
however, constituted more than half of
the residents in camps or settlements,
whereas their proportion dropped to
43 per cent of those living in individual
accommodation.
38 Data coverage around 25 per cent.
39 Although UNHCR offices reported information on locations of a total of 30.2 million persons of concern, this
information was either unclear or a mixture of types in the case of 17.2 million persons (mostly IDPs).
Type of accommodation
Number of
refugees Distribution
%
women
%
children
Camp 2,596,000 34% 50% 56%
Centre 333,800 4% 48% 45%
Individual accommodation 4,295,200 56% 48% 43%
Settlement 494,300 6% 50% 56%
Sub-total 7,719,300 100% 48% 46%
Unknown 2,685,500
Grand Total 10,404,800
TABLE 5 Accommodation of refugees | end-2011
Fig. 11
Percentage of children by population category | end-2011
46% 34% 47% 52% 50% 54% 54%
Refugees Asylum-
seekers
IDPs
protected/
assisted by
UNHCR
Returnees
(refugees)
Returned
IDPs
*
Stateless
persons
*
Others of
concern
* Indicative only due to low data coverage (around 25%).
U
N
H
C
R
/
G
.

G
O
R
D
O
N
40 Complementary protection refers to protection provided under national, regional or international law to people who do not qualify for protection under refugee law instruments
but are in need of international protection because they are at risk of serious harm.
41 Temporary protection refers to arrangements developed to offer protection of a temporary nature, until the situation in the country of origin improves and allows for a safe and
dignified return or for individual refugee or complementary protection status determination to be carried out.
42 This sub-category is descriptive in nature and includes groups of people who are outside their country or territory of origin, and who face protection risks similar to refugees, but
for whom refugee status has not been ascertained, for practical or other reasons.
43 See: Addendum to Guiding principles on Internal Displacement to the Report of the Representative of the Secretary-General, Francis M. Deng, submitted pursuant to Commission
(on Human Rights) Resolution 1997/39, United Nations, 1998, E/CN.4/1998/53/Add2.
44 This sub-category is descriptive in nature, and includes groups of people who are inside their country of nationality or habitual residence, and who face protection risks similar to
IDPs but who, for practical or other reasons, could not be reported as such.
Refugees include individuals
recognized under the 1951
Convention relating to the Status
of Refugees; its 1967 Protocol; the
1969 OAU Convention Governing
the Specific Aspects of Refugee
Problems in Africa; those
recognized in accordance with
the UNHCR Statute; individuals
granted complementary forms of
protection
(40)
; or, those enjoying
temporary protection
(41)
. The
refugee population also includes
people in a refugee-like situation.
(42)
Asylum-seekers are individuals
who have sought international
protection and whose claims for
refugee status have not yet been
determined. Those covered in
this report refer to claimants
whose individual applications
were pending at the end of 2011,
irrespective of when they may have
been lodged.
Internally displaced persons are
people or groups of individuals
who have been forced to leave
their homes or places of habitual
residence, in particular as a result
of, or in order to avoid the effects
of armed conflict, situations of
generalized violence, violations
of human rights or naturalor
human-made disasters, and who
have not crossed an international
border.
(43)
For the purposes of
UNHCRs statistics, this population
only includes conflict-generated
IDPs to whom the Office extends
protection and/or assistance. The
IDP population also includes people
in an IDP-like situation.
(44)
Stateless persons are defined under
international law as persons who
are not considered as nationals
by any State under the operation
of its law. In other words, they do
not possess the nationality of any
State. UNHCR statistics mainly
refer to persons who fall under
the international definition of a
stateless person, but data from
some countries also include de
facto stateless persons, as well as
persons who are unable to establish
their nationality. UNHCR has
been given a global mandate by the
United Nations General Assembly
to contribute to the prevention
and reduction of statelessness and
the protection of stateless persons.
The Office also has specific
functions under Article 11 of the
1961 Convention on the Reduction
of Statelessness to receive claims
from persons who may benefit
from the safeguards contained in
that Convention and to assist them
and the States concerned to resolve
those claims. UNHCRs Executive
Committee has requested the
Office to report regularly on the
magnitude of the phenomenon.
Returned refugees (returnees)
refer to refugees who have returned
voluntarily to their country of
origin or habitual residence. For
the purposes of this report, only
refugees who returned between
January and December 2011 are
included. However, in practice,
operations may assist returnees for
longer periods.
Returned IDPs refer to those
IDPs who were beneficiaries of
UNHCRs protection and assistance
activities and who returned to
their areas of origin or habitual
residence between January and
December 2011. However, in
practice, operations may assist IDP
returnees for longer periods.
Other groups or people of concern
refer to individuals who do not
necessarily fall directly into any
of the groups above, but to whom
UNHCR extends its protection
and/or assistance services, based
on humanitarian or other special
grounds.
A five-year old refugee girl from
Cte dIvoire who fled with her family to
Liberia following post-electoral violence.
Liberia received an estimated 200,000
Ivorian refugees in the course of 2011.
X
Who are included in the statistics?
TABLE 1 TABLE 1
Refugees, asylum-seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs),
returnees (refugees and IDPs), stateless persons, and others of concern to UNHCR
by country/territory of asylum | end-2011
by country/territory of asylum | end-2011 (ctnd)
Country/
territory of asylum
(1)
REFUGEES
Returned
refugees
(5)
IDPs protected/
assisted by
UNHCR, incl.
people in IDP-like
situations
(6)
Returned
IDPs
(7)
Stateless
persons
(8)
Various
(9)
Total
population
of concern Refugees
(2)
People in
refugee-like
situations
(3)
Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
Asylum-
seekers
(4)

(pending cases)
Afghanistan 66 2,943 3,009 3,009 53 71,145 447,547 75,453 - 951,167 1,548,374
Albania 82 - 82 82 24 - - - - - 106
Algeria
(10)
94,148 - 94,148 90,143 816 - - - - - 94,964
Angola 16,223 - 16,223 5,072 3,167 3,967 - - - - 23,357
Argentina 3,361 - 3,361 192 1,217 - - - - - 4,578
Armenia 2,918 - 2,918 2,898 25 - - - 11 82,938 85,892
Aruba - - - - 4 - - - - - 4
Antigua and Barbuda - - - - - - - - - - -
Australia 23,434 - 23,434 - 5,242 - - - - - 28,676
Austria 47,073 - 47,073 - 24,480 - - - 464 - 72,017
Azerbaijan 1,730 - 1,730 1,730 48 - 599,192 - 1,741 - 602,711
Bahamas 21 7 28 27 14 - - - - - 42
Bahrain 199 - 199 199 160 - - - - - 359
Bangladesh 29,669 200,000 229,669 29,669 2 - - - - - 229,671
Belarus 595 - 595 246 50 - - - 7,391 - 8,036
Belgium 22,402 - 22,402 500 19,006 - - - 697 - 42,105
Belize 78 - 78 66 55 - - - - - 133
Benin 7,217 - 7,217 7,217 358 - - - - - 7,575
Bolivia (Plurinational
State of )
716 - 716 154 18 - - - - - 734
Bonaire - - - - - - - - - - -
Bosnia and
Herzegovina
6,933 - 6,933 1,737 45 449 113,000 365 4,500 52,529 177,821
Botswana 3,312 - 3,312 3,312 246 - - - - - 3,558
Brazil 4,477 - 4,477 2,772 4,670 - - - - - 9,147
British Virgin Islands 2 - 2 2 - - - - - - 2
Brunei Darussalam - - - - - - - - 20,992 - 20,992
Bulgaria 5,688 - 5,688 - 1,384 - - - - - 7,072
Burkina Faso 546 - 546 546 665 - - - - - 1,211
Burundi 35,659 - 35,659 35,659 10,060 4,378 78,796 - 1,059 250 130,202
Cambodia 64 - 64 64 49 - - - - - 113
Cameroon 100,373 - 100,373 100,373 3,298 - - - - - 103,671
Canada 164,883 - 164,883 - 41,852 - - - - - 206,735
Cayman Islands 3 - 3 2 1 - - - - - 4
Central African Rep. 16,730 - 16,730 16,730 2,448 8,974 105,206 66,545 - - 199,903
Chad 366,494 - 366,494 336,153 165 76 124,000 7,000 - - 497,735
Chile 1,674 - 1,674 683 364 - - - - - 2,038
China
(11)
301,018 - 301,018 105 30 - - - - - 301,048
- Hong Kong SAR, China 152 - 152 152 597 - - - 1 - 750
- Macao SAR, China 1 - 1 1 10 - - - - - 11
Colombia 219 - 219 66 120 24 3,888,309 - 12 - 3,888,684
Comoros - - - - - - - - - - -
Congo 141,232 - 141,232 141,232 3,011 742 - - - 334 145,319
Costa Rica 12,571 7,486 20,057 15,962 455 - - - - - 20,512
Cte dIvoire 24,221 - 24,221 24,221 667 135,206 126,668 466,808 - 938 754,508
Croatia 782 42 824 824 235 439 - 67 1,720 21,016 24,301
Cuba 384 - 384 347 2 3 - - - - 389
Curacao 6 - 6 6 6 - - - - - 12
Cyprus
(12)
3,503 - 3,503 - 3,059 - - - - - 6,562
Czech Rep.
(13)
2,449 - 2,449 - 909 - - - - - 3,358
Dem. Rep. of the Congo 152,749 - 152,749 101,299 1,136 21,081 1,709,278 822,688 - - 2,706,932
Denmark 13,399 - 13,399 - 1,427 - - - 3,183 - 18,009
Djibouti 20,340 - 20,340 20,340 1,905 - - - - 2 22,247
Dominica - - - - - - - - - - -
Dominican Rep. 595 - 595 225 1,785 - - - - - 2,380
Ecuador 55,092 68,344 123,436 55,092 21,558 - - - - - 144,994
Egypt 95,087 - 95,087 25,087 18,938 - - - 60 - 114,085
El Salvador 38 - 38 32 5 - - - - - 43
Equatorial Guinea - - - - - - - - - - -
Eritrea 4,719 - 4,719 4,685 7 - - - - - 4,726
Country/
territory of asylum
(1)
REFUGEES
Returned
refugees
(5)
IDPs protected/
assisted by
UNHCR, incl.
people in IDP-like
situations
(6)
Returned
IDPs
(7)
Stateless
persons
(8)
Various
(9)
Total
population
of concern Refugees
(2)
People in
refugee-like
situations
(3)
Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
Asylum-
seekers
(4)

(pending cases)
Estonia 50 - 50 - 9 - - - 97,749 - 97,808
Ethiopia 288,844 - 288,844 288,844 1,347 21 - - - - 290,212
Fiji 7 - 7 6 1 - - - - - 8
Finland 9,175 - 9,175 - 2,283 - - - 3,614 - 15,072
France 210,207 - 210,207 - 49,240 - - - 1,180 - 260,627
Gabon 1,773 - 1,773 1,773 2,368 - - - - 8,651 12,792
Gambia 9,528 - 9,528 9,527 26 - - - - - 9,554
Georgia 462 - 462 462 40 - 273,997 - 1,569 - 276,068
Germany 571,685 - 571,685 - 62,680 - - - 8,044 16,409 658,818
Ghana 13,588 - 13,588 13,588 12,632 - - - - - 26,220
Greece 1,573 - 1,573 - 43,942 - - - 205 - 45,720
Grenada 3 - 3 - - - - - - - 3
Guatemala 147 - 147 8 10 2 - - - - 159
Guinea 16,609 - 16,609 16,609 605 1 - - - - 17,215
Guinea-Bissau 7,800 - 7,800 7,798 91 - - - - - 7,891
Guyana 7 - 7 7 1 - - - - - 8
Haiti - - - - 6 - - - - - 6
Honduras 17 - 17 - - - - - - - 17
Hungary 5,106 - 5,106 - 360 - - - 89 - 5,555
Iceland 58 - 58 - 81 - - - 106 - 245
India 185,118 - 185,118 16,966 3,518 1 - - - - 188,637
Indonesia 1,006 - 1,006 1,006 3,233 - - - - - 4,239
Iran, Islamic Rep. of 886,468 - 886,468 886,468 445 1 - - - - 886,914
Iraq 35,189 - 35,189 35,189 4,196 67,089 1,332,382 193,610 120,000 - 1,752,466
Ireland 8,249 - 8,249 - 5,439 - - - - - 13,688
Israel 1,116 40,119 41,235 4,675 6,460 - - - 9 - 47,704
Italy 58,060 - 58,060 - 13,525 - - - 1,176 - 72,761
Jamaica 20 - 20 20 - - - - - - 20
Japan
(14)
2,649 - 2,649 814 3,698 - - - 1,234 - 7,581
Jordan
(15)
451,009 - 451,009 33,206 4,975 2 - - - - 455,986
Kazakhstan 616 - 616 606 70 - - - 7,337 3,682 11,705
Kenya 566,487 - 566,487 566,487 35,271 69 300,000 - 20,000 - 921,827
Kuwait 335 - 335 335 1,118 - - - 93,000 - 94,453
Kyrgyzstan
(16)
595 5,500 6,095 2,095 408 - 163,900 8,100 32,300 - 210,803
Lao Peoples Dem. Rep. - - - - - - - - - - -
Latvia 95 - 95 - 231 - - - 312,362 - 312,688
Lebanon 8,845 145 8,990 8,990 1,736 - - - - 4,840 15,566
Lesotho 34 - 34 - 3 - - - - - 37
Liberia 128,285 8 128,293 128,293 574 1,768 - - - 1,850 132,485
Libya 7,540 2,590 10,130 10,130 2,894 148,951 93,565 458,047 - - 713,587
Liechtenstein 94 - 94 - 57 - - - 2 - 153
Lithuania 821 - 821 - 77 - - - 3,480 - 4,378
Luxembourg 2,855 - 2,855 - 1,694 - - - 177 - 4,726
Madagascar 9 - 9 - 1 - - - - 1 11
Malawi 6,308 - 6,308 6,308 10,545 - - - - - 16,853
Malaysia 85,754 926 86,680 86,680 10,937 - - - 40,001 80,000 217,618
Mali 15,624 - 15,624 15,624 2,497 - - - - - 18,121
Malta 6,952 - 6,952 - 1,457 - - - - - 8,409
Mauritania 535 26,000 26,535 535 282 1,367 - - - - 28,184
Mauritius - - - - - - - - - - -
Mexico 1,677 - 1,677 240 631 - - - 5 - 2,313
Micronesia
(Federated States of )
- - - - - - - - - - -
Monaco 37 - 37 - - - - - - - 37
Mongolia 1 - 1 1 5 - - - 292 - 298
Montenegro 12,874 - 12,874 12,874 38 - - - 4,312 3,938 21,162
Montserrat - - - - 5 - - - - - 5
Morocco 736 - 736 736 615 - - - - - 1,351
Mozambique 4,079 - 4,079 2,404 9,602 5 - - - - 13,686
Myanmar - - - - - - 339,200 - 808,075 - 1,147,275
1,548,374
106
94,964
23,357
4,578
85,892
4
-
28,676
72,017
602,711
42
359
229,671
8,036
42,105
133
7,575
734
-
177,821
3,558
9,147
2
20,992
7,072
1,211
130,202
113
103,671
206,735
4
199,903
497,735
2,038
301,048
750
11
3,888,684
-
145,319
20,512
754,508
24,301
389
12
6,562
3,358
2,706,932
18,009
22,247
-
2,380
144,994
114,085
43
-
4,726
97,808
290,212
8
15,072
260,627
12,792
9,554
276,068
658,818
26,220
45,720
3
159
17,215
7,891
8
6
17
5,555
245
188,637
4,239
886,914
1,752,466
13,688
47,704
72,761
20
7,581
455,986
11,705
921,827
94,453
210,803
-
312,688
15,566
37
132,485
713,587
153
4,378
4,726
11
16,853
217,618
18,121
8,409
28,184
-
2,313
-
37
298
21,162
5
1,351
13,686
1,147,275
Country/
territory of asylum
(1)
REFUGEES
Returned
refugees
(5)
IDPs protected/
assisted by
UNHCR, incl.
people in IDP-like
situations
(6)
Returned
IDPs
(7)
Stateless
persons
(8)
Various
(9)
Total
population
of concern Refugees
(2)
People in
refugee-like
situations
(3)
Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
Asylum-
seekers
(4)

(pending cases)
Namibia 6,049 - 6,049 6,049 928 41 - - - - 7,018
Nepal
(17)
70,268 2,386 72,654 55,268 928 - - - 800,000 541 874,123
Netherlands 74,598 - 74,598 - 10,420 - - - 2,005 - 87,023
New Zealand 1,934 - 1,934 - 240 - - - - - 2,174
Nicaragua 86 - 86 40 6 - - - - - 92
Niger 302 - 302 302 123 - - - - - 425
Nigeria 8,806 - 8,806 8,806 1,529 - - - - - 10,335
Norway 40,691 - 40,691 - 11,153 - - - 2,773 - 54,617
Occupied Palestinian
Territory
- - - - - - - - - - -
Oman 83 - 83 83 43 - - - - - 126
Pakistan 1,702,700 - 1,702,700 1,702,700 1,624 3,449 452,932 620,362 - - 2,781,067
Palau 1 - 1 1 1 - - - - - 2
Panama 2,262 15,000 17,262 4,055 794 - - - 3 - 18,059
Papua New Guinea 4,810 4,567 9,377 2,559 1 - - - - - 9,378
Paraguay 124 - 124 21 9 - - - - - 133
Peru 1,144 - 1,144 113 494 - - - - - 1,638
Philippines 125 - 125 19 58 - 159,465 - - 68 159,716
Poland 15,847 - 15,847 - 2,886 - - - 763 - 19,496
Portugal 408 - 408 - 214 - - - 31 - 653
Qatar 80 - 80 80 49 - - - 1,200 - 1,329
Rep. of Korea 401 - 401 21 1,169 - - - 179 - 1,749
Rep. of Moldova 146 - 146 146 49 - - - 2,073 - 2,268
Romania 1,005 - 1,005 121 753 - - - 275 - 2,033
Russian Federation
(18)
3,914 - 3,914 2,727 962 41 28,450 166 178,000 10,246 221,779
Rwanda 55,325 - 55,325 55,325 296 8,524 - - - - 64,145
Saint Kitts and Nevis - - - - - - - - - - -
Saint Lucia 2 - 2 2 3 - - - - - 5
Saint Maarten 3 - 3 3 - - - - - - 3
Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines
- - - - 1 - - - - - 1
Sao Tome and Principe - - - - - - - - - - -
Saudi Arabia 572 27 599 599 80 - - - 70,000 - 70,679
Senegal 20,644 - 20,644 20,644 2,263 - - - - - 22,907
Serbia (and Kosovo:
S/RES/1244 (1999))
70,707 - 70,707 70,705 399 392 228,215 845 8,500 519 309,577
Sierra Leone 8,092 - 8,092 8,079 64 - - - - - 8,156
Singapore 3 - 3 3 - - - - - - 3
Slovakia 546 - 546 - 185 - - - 63 46 840
Slovenia 142 - 142 - 103 - - - - - 245
Somalia 2,099 - 2,099 2,099 6,016 212 1,356,845 - - 11 1,365,183
South Africa
(19)
57,899 - 57,899 - 219,368 - - - - - 277,267
South Sudan
(20)
105,023 - 105,023 99,958 88 906 560,161 - - - 666,178
Spain 4,228 - 4,228 - 2,670 - - - 36 - 6,934
Sri Lanka 188 - 188 188 204 2,365 138,401 144,577 - - 285,735
Sudan
(21)
113,439 25,976 139,415 82,315 6,912 50,074 2,422,520 279,325 - - 2,898,246
Suriname - - - - 3 - - - - - 3
Swaziland 759 - 759 - - - - - - - 759
Sweden 86,615 - 86,615 - 18,138 - - - 10,344 - 115,097
Switzerland 50,416 - 50,416 - 16,915 - - - 54 - 67,385
Syrian Arab Rep.
(22)
755,445 - 755,445 105,699 1,830 - - - 231,000 - 988,275
Tajikistan 3,323 - 3,323 2,128 2,027 1 - - 2,300 - 7,651
The former Yugoslav
Rep. of Macedonia
801 329 1,130 1,130 389 - - - 1,154 - 2,673
Thailand 89,253 - 89,253 89,253 13,357 - - - 506,197 - 608,807
Timor-Leste - - - - 2 - - - - - 2
Togo 19,270 - 19,270 9,272 377 76 - - - - 19,723
Tonga 2 - 2 - 1 - - - - - 3
Trinidad and Tobago 22 - 22 22 20 - - - - - 42
Tunisia 3,048 1,049 4,097 4,021 555 5 - - - - 4,657
Country/
territory of asylum
(1)
REFUGEES
Returned
refugees
(5)
IDPs protected/
assisted by
UNHCR, incl.
people in IDP-like
situations
(6)
Returned
IDPs
(7)
Stateless
persons
(8)
Various
(9)
Total
population
of concern Refugees
(2)
People in
refugee-like
situations
(3)
Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
Asylum-
seekers
(4)

(pending cases)
Turkey 14,465 - 14,465 14,465 10,964 - - - 780 9,576 35,785
Turkmenistan 59 - 59 59 - - - - 11,000 - 11,059
Uganda 139,448 - 139,448 139,448 23,453 20 29,776 95,822 - - 288,519
Ukraine 2,676 500 3,176 298 3,622 - - - 39,817 - 46,615
United Arab Emirates 677 - 677 677 45 - - - - - 722
United Kingdom 193,510 - 193,510 - 15,170 - - - 205 - 208,885
United Rep. of Tanzania 131,243 - 131,243 109,016 705 - - - - 162,256 294,204
United States
(23)
264,763 - 264,763 - 11,721 - - - - - 276,484
Uruguay 174 - 174 88 51 - - - - - 225
Uzbekistan 214 - 214 214 - - - - - - 214
Vanuatu - - - - 2 - - - - - 2
Venezuela
(Bolivarian Rep. of )
2,022 200,000 202,022 21,125 17,369 - - - - - 219,391
Viet Nam 990 - 990 - - 21 - - 10,200 - 11,211
Yemen 214,740 - 214,740 214,740 5,878 - 347,295 6,024 - - 573,937
Zambia 45,632 - 45,632 31,508 1,021 - - - - - 46,653
Zimbabwe 4,561 - 4,561 4,561 777 19 54,278 - - 40 59,675
Grand Total 9,800,862 603,944 10,404,806 6,058,972 895,284 531,907 15,473,378 3,245,804 3,477,101 1,411,848 35,440,128
UNHCR-BUREAUX
Central Africa-
Great Lakes
635,084 - 635,084 561,407 23,322 43,699 1,893,280 889,233 1,059 171,491 3,657,168
East and Horn of Africa 1,606,893 25,976 1,632,869 1,540,329 75,164 51,378 4,793,302 382,147 20,000 13 6,954,873
Southern Africa 144,865 - 144,865 59,214 245,658 4,032 54,278 - - 41 448,874
Western Africa 280,532 8 280,540 270,526 22,471 137,051 126,668 466,808 - 2,788 1,036,326
Asia and Pacific 3,390,889 216,322 3,607,211 2,880,055 47,912 76,983 1,701,445 848,492 2,240,108 1,035,458 9,557,609
Middle East and
North Africa
1,669,384 69,930 1,739,314 535,124 50,670 217,414 1,773,242 657,681 515,269 4,840 4,958,430
Europe 1,556,622 871 1,557,493 110,945 326,837 1,321 1,242,854 1,443 700,645 197,217 4,027,810
Americas 516,593 290,837 807,430 101,372 103,250 29 3,888,309 - 20 - 4,799,038
Total 9,800,862 603,944 10,404,806 6,058,972 895,284 531,907 15,473,378 3,245,804 3,477,101 1,411,848 35,440,128
UN MAJOR REGIONS
Africa 2,868,468 55,623 2,924,091 2,562,128 390,715 386,483 6,961,093 2,196,235 21,119 174,333 13,054,069
Asia 4,852,069 252,046 5,104,115 3,301,516 83,130 144,074 4,254,311 1,048,126 2,759,418 1,132,812 14,525,986
Europe 1,533,544 871 1,534,415 91,390 312,701 1,321 369,665 1,443 696,544 104,703 3,020,792
Latin America
and the Caribbean
86,947 290,837 377,784 101,372 49,677 29 3,888,309 - 20 - 4,315,819
Northern America 429,646 - 429,646 - 53,573 - - - - - 483,219
Oceania 30,188 4,567 34,755 2,566 5,488 - - - - - 40,243
Total 9,800,862 603,944 10,404,806 6,058,972 895,284 531,907 15,473,378 3,245,804 3,477,101 1,411,848 35,440,128
TABLE 1 TABLE 1
7,018
874,123
87,023
2,174
92
425
10,335
54,617
-
126
2,781,067
2
18,059
9,378
133
1,638
159,716
19,496
653
1,329
1,749
2,268
2,033
221,779
64,145
-
5
3
1
-
70,679
22,907
309,577
8,156
3
840
245
1,365,183
277,267
666,178
6,934
285,735
2,898,246
3
759
115,097
67,385
988,275
7,651
2,673
608,807
2
19,723
3
42
4,657
35,785
11,059
288,519
46,615
722
208,885
294,204
276,484
225
214
2
219,391
11,211
573,937
46,653
59,675
35,440,128
3,657,168
6,954,873
448,874
1,036,326
9,557,609
4,958,430
4,027,810
4,799,038
35,440,128
13,054,069
14,525,986
3,020,792
4,315,819
483,219
40,243
35,440,128
See notes on page 46.
Origin
(1)
REFUGEES
Returned
refugees
(5)
IDPs protected/
assisted by
UNHCR, incl.
people in IDP-like
situations
(6)
Returned
IDPs
(7)
Stateless
persons
(8)
Various
(9)
Total
population of
concern Refugees
(2)
People in
refugee-like
situations
(3)
Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
Asylum-
seekers
(4)

(pending cases)
Afghanistan 2,664,436 - 2,664,436 2,562,902 37,801 71,145 447,547 75,453 - 952,531 4,248,913
Albania 13,551 - 13,551 6 1,964 - - - - 613 16,128
Algeria 6,120 1 6,121 94 1,991 - - - - - 8,112
Andorra 6 - 6 - - - - - - - 6
Angola 128,664 - 128,664 100,523 744 3,967 - - - - 133,375
Antigua and Barbuda 32 - 32 - 33 - - - - - 65
Argentina 518 - 518 12 59 - - - - - 577
Armenia 16,486 1 16,487 55 2,640 - - - - 82,938 102,065
Aruba - - - - - - - - - - -
Australia 39 - 39 - 8 - - - - - 47
Austria 11 - 11 - 2 - - - - - 13
Azerbaijan 16,162 - 16,162 1,997 2,176 - 599,192 - - - 617,530
Bahamas 185 - 185 - 36 - - - - - 221
Bahrain 215 - 215 - 46 - - - - - 261
Bangladesh 10,052 4 10,056 53 4,923 - - - - - 14,979
Barbados 45 - 45 - 73 - - - - - 118
Belarus 5,925 - 5,925 18 897 - - - - - 6,822
Belgium 90 - 90 - 4 - - - - - 94
Belize 32 - 32 - 13 - - - - - 45
Benin 461 - 461 21 271 - - - - - 732
Bermuda - - - - 5 - - - - - 5
Bhutan 55,603 2,386 57,989 55,006 1,010 - - - - - 58,999
Bolivia (Plurinational
State of )
611 - 611 13 134 - - - - - 745
Bosnia and
Herzegovina
58,515 63 58,578 23,879 1,935 449 113,000 365 - 54,034 228,361
Botswana 85 - 85 - 162 - - - - - 247
Brazil 1,045 - 1,045 - 180 - - - - - 1,225
Brunei Darussalam 1 - 1 - 1 - - - - - 2
Bulgaria 2,327 - 2,327 14 177 - - - - - 2,504
Burkina Faso 1,267 4 1,271 9 347 - - - - - 1,618
Burundi 101,288 - 101,288 66,846 9,500 4,378 78,796 - - 162,506 356,468
Cambodia 15,184 21 15,205 125 186 - - - - - 15,391
Cameroon 15,163 - 15,163 2,142 2,411 - - - - - 17,574
Canada 105 4 109 5 5 - - - - - 114
Cape Verde 27 - 27 2 5 - - - - - 32
Cayman Islands 1 - 1 - 2 - - - - - 3
Central African Rep. 160,736 2,126 162,862 146,679 1,808 8,974 105,206 66,545 - - 345,395
Chad 18,720 23,920 42,640 20,965 3,133 76 124,000 7,000 - - 176,849
Chile 1,189 - 1,189 6 124 - - - - - 1,313
China 190,369 - 190,369 299 10,617 - - - - - 200,986
- Hong Kong SAR,
China
15 - 15 - 5 - - - - - 20
- Macao SAR, China 10 - 10 - 1 - - - - - 11
Colombia 113,605 282,344 395,949 90,361 42,569 24 3,888,309 - - - 4,326,851
Comoros 422 - 422 1 33 - - - - - 455
Congo 12,839 - 12,839 1,985 1,955 742 - - - 8,651 24,187
Cook Islands 1 - 1 - - - - - - - 1
Costa Rica 331 - 331 - 40 - - - - - 371
Cte dIvoire 154,824 - 154,824 143,829 18,121 135,206 126,668 466,808 - 938 902,565
Croatia 62,649 - 62,649 52,416 739 439 - 67 - 21,508 85,402
Cuba 6,849 1,007 7,856 1,406 925 3 - - - - 8,784
Cyprus
(10)
11 - 11 4 2 - - - - - 13
Czech Rep. 763 - 763 2 660 - - - - - 1,423
Dem. Peoples Rep.
of Korea
1,052 - 1,052 23 490 - - - - - 1,542
Dem. Rep. of the Congo 491,481 - 491,481 426,706 52,119 21,081 1,709,278 822,688 - 334 3,096,981
Denmark 9 - 9 - 3 - - - - - 12
Djibouti 602 - 602 77 286 - - - - - 888
Dominica 52 - 52 - 10 - - - - - 62
TABLE 2 TABLE 2
by origin | end-2011
by origin | end-2011 (ctnd)
Origin
(1)
REFUGEES
Returned
refugees
(5)
IDPs protected/
assisted by
UNHCR, incl.
people in IDP-like
situations
(6)
Returned
IDPs
(7)
Stateless
persons
(8)
Various
(9)
Total
population of
concern Refugees
(2)
People in
refugee-like
situations
(3)
Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
Asylum-
seekers
(4)

(pending cases)
Dominican Rep. 250 - 250 13 352 - - - - - 602
Ecuador 909 - 909 31 258 - - - - - 1,167
Egypt 7,934 2 7,936 129 2,477 - - - - - 10,413
El Salvador 6,720 - 6,720 479 1,636 - - - - - 8,356
Equatorial Guinea 258 - 258 33 49 - - - - - 307
Eritrea 220,745 31,209 251,954 135,418 14,172 - - - - - 266,126
Estonia 224 - 224 1 39 - - - - - 263
Ethiopia 70,586 24 70,610 37,005 38,755 21 - - - - 109,386
Fiji 1,579 - 1,579 - 260 - - - - - 1,839
Finland 7 - 7 - 4 - - - - - 11
France 99 - 99 - 53 - - - - - 152
French Guiana - - - - - - - - - - -
French Polynesia - - - - - - - - - - -
Gabon 173 - 173 3 51 - - - - - 224
Gambia 2,583 - 2,583 20 950 - - - - - 3,533
Georgia 9,612 500 10,112 1,025 2,910 - 273,997 - - - 287,019
Germany 174 - 174 2 32 - - - - - 206
Ghana 20,279 82 20,361 3,867 2,416 - - - - - 22,777
Gibraltar 2 - 2 - - - - - - - 2
Greece 56 - 56 1 37 - - - - - 93
Grenada 323 - 323 - 45 - - - - - 368
Guatemala 6,088 - 6,088 78 1,107 2 - - - - 7,197
Guinea 13,161 - 13,161 167 4,596 1 - - - - 17,758
Guinea-Bissau 1,123 - 1,123 17 502 - - - - - 1,625
Guyana 771 - 771 - 101 - - - - - 872
Haiti 33,661 - 33,661 395 7,468 - - - - - 41,129
Holy See (the) - - - - - - - - - - -
Honduras 1,966 - 1,966 77 847 - - - - - 2,813
Hungary 1,238 - 1,238 2 6,012 - - - - - 7,250
Iceland 3 - 3 - 1 - - - - - 4
India 16,232 - 16,232 21 4,052 1 - - - 413 20,698
Indonesia 10,659 5,420 16,079 3,409 367 - - - - - 16,446
Iran, Islamic Rep. of 72,347 14 72,361 12,031 16,760 1 - - - - 89,122
Iraq
(11)
1,428,308 - 1,428,308 210,608 23,981 67,089 1,332,382 193,610 - 7,213 3,052,583
Ireland 8 - 8 - 9 - - - - - 17
Israel 1,335 - 1,335 17 509 - - - - - 1,844
Italy 58 - 58 - 40 - - - - - 98
Jamaica 1,252 - 1,252 6 475 - - - - - 1,727
Japan 176 - 176 - 40 - - - - - 216
Jordan 2,248 2 2,250 90 519 2 - - - - 2,771
Kazakhstan 3,500 - 3,500 6 745 - - - - - 4,245
Kenya 8,745 - 8,745 3,817 1,509 69 300,000 - - - 310,323
Kiribati 33 - 33 - 3 - - - - - 36
Kuwait 1,120 - 1,120 62 121 - - - - - 1,241
Kyrgyzstan
(12)
3,162 - 3,162 83 1,559 - 163,900 8,100 - - 176,721
Lao Peoples Dem. Rep. 8,087 1 8,088 38 23 - - - - - 8,111
Latvia 709 - 709 2 152 - - - - - 861
Lebanon 15,013 - 15,013 50 1,354 - - - - - 16,367
Lesotho 11 - 11 - 164 - - - - - 175
Liberia 66,752 28 66,780 60,137 1,953 1,768 - - - - 70,501
Libya 3,335 1,049 4,384 1,072 1,505 148,951 93,565 458,047 - - 706,452
Liechtenstein - - - - - - - - - - -
Lithuania 528 - 528 1 120 - - - - - 648
Luxembourg - - - - 1 - - - - - 1
Madagascar 288 1 289 1 18 - - - - 1 308
Malawi 222 - 222 2 2,829 - - - - - 3,051
Malaysia 537 - 537 - 121 - - - - - 658
Maldives 21 - 21 - 2 - - - - - 23
Mali 4,295 - 4,295 14 397 - - - - - 4,692
Malta 6 - 6 - - - - - - - 6
4,248,913
16,128
8,112
6
133,375
65
577
102,065
-
47
13
617,530
221
261
14,979
118
6,822
94
45
732
5
58,999
745
228,361
247
1,225
2
2,504
1,618
356,468
15,391
17,574
114
32
3
345,395
176,849
1,313
200,986
20
11
4,326,851
455
24,187
1
371
902,565
85,402
8,784
13
1,423
1,542
3,096,981
12
888
62
602
1,167
10,413
8,356
307
266,126
263
109,386
1,839
11
152
-
-
224
3,533
287,019
206
22,777
2
93
368
7,197
17,758
1,625
872
41,129
-
2,813
7,250
4
20,698
16,446
89,122
3,052,583
17
1,844
98
1,727
216
2,771
4,245
310,323
36
1,241
176,721
8,111
861
16,367
175
70,501
706,452
-
648
1
308
3,051
658
23
4,692
6
Origin
(1)
REFUGEES
Returned
refugees
(5)
IDPs protected/
assisted by
UNHCR, incl.
people in IDP-like
situations
(6)
Returned
IDPs
(7)
Stateless
persons
(8)
Various
(9)
Total
population of
concern Refugees
(2)
People in
refugee-like
situations
(3)
Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
Asylum-
seekers
(4)

(pending cases)
Marshall Islands - - - - - - - - - - -
Martinique - - - - - - - - - - -
Mauritania 39,929 - 39,929 32,458 591 1,367 - - - - 41,887
Mauritius 42 - 42 - 64 - - - - - 106
Mexico 7,472 - 7,472 8 5,334 - - - - - 12,806
Micronesia
(Federated States of )
- - - - - - - - - - -
Monaco 4 - 4 - - - - - - - 4
Mongolia 1,985 - 1,985 - 1,418 - - - - - 3,403
Montenegro 3,698 - 3,698 3 305 - - - - 3 4,006
Montserrat - - - - - - - - - - -
Morocco 2,312 - 2,312 38 1,104 - - - - - 3,416
Mozambique 155 - 155 11 356 5 - - - - 516
Myanmar 214,594 200,032 414,626 206,259 24,033 - 339,200 - - - 777,859
Namibia 1,073 - 1,073 985 1,085 41 - - - - 2,199
Nauru - - - - - - - - - - -
Nepal 6,852 2 6,854 45 2,004 - - - - - 8,858
Netherlands 64 - 64 1 40 - - - - - 104
New Caledonia - - - - - - - - - - -
New Zealand 18 - 18 - 10 - - - - - 28
Nicaragua 1,468 - 1,468 789 137 - - - - - 1,605
Niger 819 - 819 13 285 - - - - - 1,104
Nigeria 16,840 301 17,141 3,822 9,782 - - - - - 26,923
Niue 7 - 7 - - - - - - - 7
Norway 7 - 7 - 5 - - - - - 12
Oman 60 - 60 - 2 - - - - - 62
Pakistan 33,009 2,943 35,952 3,932 11,165 3,449 452,932 620,362 - - 1,123,860
Palau - - - - - - - - - - -
Palestinian
(13)
94,121 29 94,150 15,439 1,635 - - - - - 95,785
Panama 100 - 100 20 34 - - - - - 134
Papua New Guinea 128 - 128 - 49 - - - - - 177
Paraguay 91 - 91 4 22 - - - - - 113
Peru 5,491 - 5,491 489 498 - - - - - 5,989
Philippines 933 19 952 23 368 - 159,465 - - 80,000 240,785
Pitcairn - - - - - - - - - - -
Poland 1,815 - 1,815 4 350 - - - - - 2,165
Portugal 28 - 28 1 68 - - - - - 96
Puerto Rico - - - - - - - - - - -
Qatar 95 - 95 - 7 - - - - - 102
Rep. of Korea 514 - 514 1 181 - - - - - 695
Rep. of Moldova 6,264 - 6,264 9 458 - - - - - 6,722
Romania 3,428 - 3,428 11 469 - - - - - 3,897
Russian Federation 109,784 1 109,785 1,508 11,761 41 28,450 166 - 14,234 164,437
Rwanda 106,833 - 106,833 43,979 9,218 8,524 - - - - 124,575
Saint Kitts and Nevis 9 - 9 - 15 - - - - - 24
Saint Lucia 433 - 433 - 679 - - - - - 1,112
Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines
1,127 - 1,127 - 906 - - - - - 2,033
Samoa 1 - 1 - - - - - - - 1
San Marino 1 - 1 - - - - - - - 1
Sao Tome and Principe 33 - 33 32 - - - - - - 33
Saudi Arabia 745 - 745 21 98 - - - - - 843
Senegal 17,722 - 17,722 16,044 912 - - - - - 18,634
Serbia (and Kosovo:
S/RES/1244 (1999))
161,363 308 161,671 10,946 15,381 392 228,215 845 - 9,679 416,183
Seychelles 42 - 42 1 4 - - - - - 46
Sierra Leone 8,002 - 8,002 924 1,136 - - - - 1,850 10,988
Singapore 67 - 67 - 22 - - - - - 89
Slovakia 269 - 269 - 541 - - - - - 810
Slovenia 32 - 32 - 7 - - - - 1 40
Solomon Islands 72 - 72 - 4 - - - - - 76
Origin
(1)
REFUGEES
Returned
refugees
(5)
IDPs protected/
assisted by
UNHCR, incl.
people in IDP-like
situations
(6)
Returned
IDPs
(7)
Stateless
persons
(8)
Various
(9)
Total
population of
concern Refugees
(2)
People in
refugee-like
situations
(3)
Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
Asylum-
seekers
(4)

(pending cases)
Somalia 1,075,148 1,900 1,077,048 965,619 30,831 212 1,356,845 - - 53 2,464,989
South Africa 429 - 429 8 160 - - - - - 589
South Sudan
(14)
1 - 1 - 6 906 560,161 - - - 561,074
Spain 43 - 43 4 86 - - - - - 129
Sri Lanka 136,605 12 136,617 2,935 8,634 2,365 138,401 144,577 - - 430,594
Sudan
(15)
491,013 9,001 500,014 460,227 31,206 50,074 2,422,520 279,325 - - 3,283,139
Suriname 20 - 20 - 8 - - - - - 28
Swaziland 43 - 43 2 132 - - - - - 175
Sweden 23 1 24 1 22 - - - - - 46
Switzerland 20 - 20 - 1 - - - - 1 22
Syrian Arab Rep. 19,900 31 19,931 861 14,117 - - - - 14,110 48,158
Tajikistan 612 - 612 35 379 1 - - - - 992
The former Yugoslav
Rep. of Macedonia
7,684 - 7,684 56 2,256 - - - - 1 9,941
Thailand 359 9 368 12 182 - - - - - 550
Tibetan 15,068 - 15,068 2 1 - - - - 128 15,197
Timor-Leste 8 - 8 - 1 - - - - - 9
Togo 17,870 1 17,871 7,912 2,980 76 - - - - 20,927
Tonga 10 - 10 - 22 - - - - - 32
Trinidad and Tobago 297 - 297 - 86 - - - - - 383
Tunisia 1,951 1 1,952 40 1,599 5 - - - - 3,556
Turkey 139,778 1 139,779 15,132 6,671 - - - - - 146,450
Turkmenistan 726 - 726 11 78 - - - - - 804
Turks and
Caicos Islands
14 - 14 - 6 - - - - - 20
Tuvalu 1 - 1 - 1 - - - - - 2
Uganda 5,680 - 5,680 829 1,779 20 29,776 95,822 - - 133,077
Ukraine 25,379 - 25,379 28 1,015 - - - - - 26,394
United Arab Emirates 486 - 486 1 12 - - - - - 498
United Kingdom 150 - 150 - 49 - - - - - 199
United Rep. of
Tanzania
1,163 - 1,163 39 525 - - - - - 1,688
United States 3,777 1 3,778 7 593 - - - - - 4,371
Uruguay 184 - 184 1 47 - - - - - 231
US Virgin Islands - - - - - - - - - - -
Uzbekistan 7,164 5,500 12,664 1,954 1,503 - - - - - 14,167
Vanuatu 1 - 1 - 2 - - - - - 3
Venezuela
(Bolivarian Rep. of )
7,577 - 7,577 247 563 - - - - - 8,140
Viet Nam
(16)
337,829 - 337,829 173 1,116 21 - - - 68 339,034
Western Sahara
(17)
90,413 26,000 116,413 90,341 12 - - - - - 116,425
Yemen 2,322 1 2,323 336 1,114 - 347,295 6,024 - - 356,756
Zambia 240 - 240 1 169 - - - - - 409
Zimbabwe 25,048 - 25,048 1,004 35,830 19 54,278 - - 40 115,215
Stateless 18,171 1 18,172 81 2,121 - - - 3,477,101 - 3,497,394
Various 137,412 7,636 145,048 4,542 298,987 - - - - - 444,035
Total 9,800,862 603,944 10,404,806 6,058,972 895,284 531,907 15,473,378 3,245,804 3,477,101 1,411,848 35,440,128
UNHCR-BUREAUX
Central Africa-
Great Lakes
889,967 2,126 892,093 688,444 77,636 43,699 1,893,280 889,233 - 171,491 3,967,432
East and Horn of Africa 1,891,240 66,054 1,957,294 1,623,957 121,677 51,378 4,793,302 382,147 - 53 7,305,851
Southern Africa 156,764 1 156,765 102,539 41,750 4,032 54,278 - - 41 256,866
Western Africa 326,025 416 326,441 236,798 44,653 137,051 126,668 466,808 - 2,788 1,104,409
Asia and Pacific 3,809,658 216,363 4,026,021 2,849,378 130,147 76,983 1,701,445 848,492 - 1,033,140 7,816,228
Middle East and
North Africa
1,717,962 27,116 1,745,078 351,657 52,794 217,414 1,773,242 657,681 - 21,323 4,467,532
Europe 649,063 875 649,938 107,129 60,094 1,321 1,242,854 1,443 - 183,012 2,138,662
Americas 204,600 283,356 487,956 94,447 65,425 29 3,888,309 - - - 4,441,719
Various/Stateless 155,583 7,637 163,220 4,623 301,108 - - - 3,477,101 - 3,941,429
Total 9,800,862 603,944 10,404,806 6,058,972 895,284 531,907 15,473,378 3,245,804 3,477,101 1,411,848 35,440,128
TABLE 2 TABLE 2
-
-
41,887
106
12,806
-
4
3,403
4,006
-
3,416
516
777,859
2,199
-
8,858
104
-
28
1,605
1,104
26,923
7
12
62
1,123,860
-
95,785
134
177
113
5,989
240,785
-
2,165
96
-
102
695
6,722
3,897
164,437
124,575
24
1,112
2,033
1
1
33
843
18,634
416,183
46
10,988
89
810
40
76
2,464,989
589
561,074
129
430,594
3,283,139
28
175
46
22
48,158
992
9,941
550
15,197
9
20,927
32
383
3,556
146,450
804
20
2
133,077
26,394
498
199
1,688
4,371
231
-
14,167
3
8,140
339,034
116,425
356,756
409
115,215
3,497,394
444,035
35,440,128
3,967,432
7,305,851
256,866
1,104,409
7,816,228
4,467,532
2,138,662
4,441,719
3,941,429
35,440,128
2012 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
All rights reserved. Reproductions and translations are
authorized, provided UNHCR is acknowledged as the source.
For more information, please contact:
The Senior Statistician
Field Information and Coordination Support Section
Division of Programme Support and Management
Case Postale 2500
1211 Geneva, Switzerland
[email protected]
This document along with further information on global
displacement is available on UNHCRs Statistics website:
http://www.unhcr.org/statistics
and UNHCRs Statistical Online Population Database:
http://www.unhcr.org/statistics/populationdatabase
Cover photo: Newly arrived Somali refugees in Al Kharaz refugee camp
in Yemen are provided with tents during the first months of their stay.
If they remain in the camp and do not move on to a city, they are provided
with a simple brick house, which provides better shelter.
E . R AS MUS S E N
page design and layout: julie schneider
produced and printed by unhcr (18 june 2012).
Notes Table 2
The data are generally provided by Governments, based on their own definitions and
methods of data collection.
A dash (-) indicates that the value is zero, not available or not applicable.
1 Country or territory of origin.
2 Persons recognized as refugees under the 1951 UN Convention/1967 Protocol, the 1969
OAU Convention, in accordance with the UNHCR Statute, persons granted a complementary
form of protection and those granted temporary protection. In the absence of Government
figures, UNHCR has estimated the refugee population in 24 industrialized countries based on
10 years of individual refugee recognition.
3 This category is descriptive in nature and includes groups of persons who are outside their
country or territory of origin and who face protection risks similar to those of refugees, but
for whom refugee status has, for practical or other reasons, not been ascertained.
4 Persons whose application for asylum or refugee status is pending at any stage in the
asylum procedure.
5 Refugees who have returned to their place of origin during the calendar year. Source:
Country of origin and asylum.
6 Persons who are displaced within their country and to whom UNHCR extends protection
and/or assistance. It also includes people in IDP-like situations. This category is descriptive in
nature and includes groups of persons who are inside their country of nationality or habitual
residence and who face protection risks similar to those of IDPs but who, for practical or
other reasons, could not be reported as such.
7 IDPs protected/assisted by UNHCR who have returned to their place of origin during the
calendar year.
8 Refers to persons who are not considered nationals by any State under the operation of its
laws. This category covers de jure and de facto stateless persons, including persons who are
unable to establish their nationality. See annex table 7 for footnotes (http://www.unhcr.org/
statistics/11-WRD-table-7.xls).
9 Refers to individuals who do not necessarily fall directly into any of the other groups but
to whom UNHCR may extend its protection and/or assistance services. These activities might
be based on humanitarian or other special grounds.
10 UNHCRs assistance activities for IDPs in Cyprus ended in 1999. Visit the website of the
Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) for further information.
11 Refugee figures for Iraqis in Jordan and the Syrian Arab Republic are Government
estimates. UNHCR has registered and is assisting 135,500 Iraqis in both countries.
12 IDP figure in Kyrgyzstan includes 160,500 people who are in an IDP-like situation.
13 Refers to Palestinian refugees under the UNHCR mandate only.
14 An unknown number of refugees and asylum-seekers from South Sudan may be included
under Sudan (in absence of separate statistics for both countries). IDP figure in South Sudan
includes 209,700 people who are in an IDP-like situation.
15 Figures for refugees and asylum-seekers may include citizens of South Sudan (in absence
of separate statistics for both countries). IDP figure in Sudan includes 83,100 people who are
in an IDP-like situation.
16 The 300,000 Vietnamese refugees are well integrated and in practice receive protection
from the Government of China.
17 According to the Government of Algeria, there are an estimated 165,000 Sahrawi refugees
in the Tindouf camps.
Source: UNHCR/Governments.
TABLE 2
Origin
(1)
REFUGEES
Returned
refugees
(5)
IDPs protected/
assisted by
UNHCR, incl.
people in IDP-like
situations
(6)
Returned
IDPs
(7)
Stateless
persons
(8)
Various
(9)
Total
population of
concern Refugees
(2)
People in
refugee-like
situations
(3)
Total refugees
and people in
refugee-like
situations
Of whom
assisted by
UNHCR
Asylum-
seekers
(4)

(pending cases)
UN MAJOR REGIONS
Africa 3,415,990 95,650 3,511,640 2,775,910 294,995 386,483 6,961,093 2,196,235 - 174,373 13,524,819
Asia 5,555,785 216,928 5,772,713 3,095,076 187,702 144,074 4,254,311 1,048,126 - 1,137,401 12,544,327
Europe 467,014 373 467,387 88,916 45,695 1,321 369,665 1,443 - 100,074 985,585
Latin America and the
Caribbean
200,718 283,351 484,069 94,435 64,822 29 3,888,309 - - - 4,437,229
Northern America 3,882 5 3,887 12 603 - - - - - 4,490
Oceania 1,890 - 1,890 - 359 - - - - - 2,249
Various/Stateless 155,583 7,637 163,220 4,623 301,108 - - - 3,477,101 - 3,941,429
Total 9,800,862 603,944 10,404,806 6,058,972 895,284 531,907 15,473,378 3,245,804 3,477,101 1,411,848 35,440,128
13,524,819
12,544,327
985,585
4,437,229
4,490
2,249
3,941,429
35,440,128
Notes Table 1
The data are generally provided by Governments, based on their own definitions and
methods of data collection.
A dash (-) indicates that the value is zero, not available or not applicable.
1 Country or territory of asylum or residence.
2 Persons recognized as refugees under the 1951 UN Convention/1967 Protocol, the 1969
OAU Convention, in accordance with the UNHCR Statute, persons granted a complementary
form of protection and those granted temporary protection. In the absence of Government
figures, UNHCR has estimated the refugee population in 24 industrialized countries based on
10 years of individual refugee recognition.
3 This category is descriptive in nature and includes groups of persons who are outside their
country or territory of origin and who face protection risks similar to those of refugees, but
for whom refugee status has, for practical or other reasons, not been ascertained.
4 Persons whose application for asylum or refugee status is pending at any stage in the
asylum procedure.
5 Refugees who have returned to their place of origin during the calendar year. Source:
Country of origin and asylum.
6 Persons who are displaced within their country and to whom UNHCR extends protection
and/or assistance. It also includes people in IDP-like situations. This category is descriptive in
nature and includes groups of persons who are inside their country of nationality or habitual
residence and who face protection risks similar to those of IDPs but who, for practical or
other reasons, could not be reported as such.
7 IDPs protected/assisted by UNHCR who have returned to their place of origin during the
calendar year.
8 Refers to persons who are not considered nationals by any State under the operation of its
laws. This category covers de jure and de facto stateless persons, including persons who are
unable to establish their nationality. See annex table 7 for footnotes (http://www.unhcr.org/
statistics/11-WRD-table-7.xls).
9 Refers to individuals who do not necessarily fall directly into any of the other groups but
to whom UNHCR may extend its protection and/or assistance services. These activities might
be based on humanitarian or other special grounds.
10 According to the Government of Algeria, there are an estimated 165,000 Sahrawi refugees
in the Tindouf camps.
11 The 300,000 Vietnamese refugees are well integrated and in practice receive protection
from the Government of China.
12 UNHCRs assistance activities for IDPs in Cyprus ended in 1999. Visit the website of the
Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) for further information.
13 Refugee population refers to the end of 2010. Asylum-seekers (pending cases) refers to 565
undecided cases at the first instance at the end of 2011 and 344 undecided cases on appeal at
the end of 2010 (no updated data available).
14 Figures are UNHCR estimates.
15 Refugee figure for Iraqis in Jordan is a Government estimate. UNHCR has registered and is
assisting 32,200 Iraqis.
16 IDP figure in Kyrgyzstan includes 160,500 people who are in an IDP-like situation.
17 The figure of 800,000 stateless persons is an estimated figure of individuals who lack
citizenship certificates in Nepal. The exact number as well as the exact reasons for not
having the certificate is currently not known. In 1995, the Government of Nepal sponsored
the Dhanapati Commission, which concluded that approximately 3.4 million Nepalis were
lacking citizenship certificates. A Government-initiated task force then distributed 2.6 million
certificates in 2007. The estimate of 800,000 was arrived at by deducting 2.6 million (number
of certificates issues) from the original estimated figure of 3.4 million. The Government of
Nepal is also supporting access to citizenship certificates through mobile registration teams
organised in some districts, in the context of a voter registration exercise.
18 The figure of 178,000 stateless persons is based on the number of persons who self-
identified themselves as stateless in the 2010 census and is subject to further discussion/
verification with the Government.
19 Asylum-seekers (pending cases) refers to an estimated 63,000 undecided cases at first
instance and 156,400 undecided cases on appeal.
20 IDP figure in South Sudan includes 209,700 people who are in an IDP-like situation.
21 IDP figure in Sudan includes 83,100 people who are in an IDP-like situation.
22 Refugee figure for Iraqis in the Syrian Arab Republic is a Government estimate. UNHCR has
registered and is assisting 103,200 Iraqis.
23 Asylum-seekers (pending cases) excludes individuals pending a decision on their asylum
claim with the Executive Office for Immigration Review.
Source: UNHCR/Governments.
See notes below.

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A Year

During the uprising in Libya

* For additional information, see 2010

Different recognition rates

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