FPGA Based Design and Implementation of Image Edge Detection Using Xilinx System Generator

International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) Volume 4 Issue 10 - Oct 2013
ISSN: 2231-5381 http://www.ijettjournal.org Page 4657

FPGA Based Design and Implementation of
Image Edge Detection Using Xilinx System
Generator
Ravi.s
1
Abdul Rahim.B
2
Fahimuddin shaik
3
Post graduate student, dept. of E.C.E, A.I.T.S, Rajampet, AP
H.O.D, Dept. of E.C.E AITS, Rajampet, A.P.
Assistant professor, Dept. of E.C.E AITS, Rajampet, A.P.

Abstract:
Edge detection serves as a pre-processing step for many
image processing algorithms such as image
enhancement, image segmentation, tracking and
image/video coding. The edge detection is one of the key
stages in image processing and object recognition. Edge
detection is a basic operation in image processing, it
refers to the process identifying and locating sharp
discontinuities in an image, the discontinuities are
abrupt changes in pixel intensity which characterize
boundaries of objects in a scene. The proposed system
we use canny algorithm, in canny edge detection can
produce good detection of the edge with the thin and
smooth its very useful for further study of
segmentation.
Key words: pre-processing, image enhancement and
segmentation, canny algorithm.

I. Introduction
The edges of image are considered to be most
important image attributes that provide valuable
information for human image perception. The edge
detection is a terminology in image processing, particularly
in the areas of feature extraction, to refer to algorithms
which aimat identifying points in a digital image at which
the image brightness changes sharply .The data of edge
detection is very large, so the speed of image processing is
a difficult problem.
The main objective of image processing is to improve
the quality of the images for human interpretation or the
perception of the machines independent of the images for
human interpretation or the perception of the machines
independently. This paper focuses in the processing pixel
to pixel of an image and in the modification of pixel
neighborhoods and of course the transformation can be
applied to the whole image or only a partial region. The
need to process the image in real time, leading to the
implementation level hardware, which offers parallelism,
Thus significantly reduces the processing time, which was
why decided to use Xilinx SystemGenerator, a tool with
graphical interface under the Mat lab, Simulink, based
blocks which makes it very easy to handle with respect to
other software for hardware description. In addition to
offering all the tools for easy graphical simulation level.
This article presents architecture of image processing
application generator, which is an extension of Simulink
and consists of a bookstore called Blocks Xilinx, which
are mapped architectures, entities, signs, ports and
attributes, which script file to produce synthesis in
FPGAs, HDL simulation and development tools. The tool
retains the hierarchy of Simulink when it is converted into
VHDL.
II. Existing system
In edge detection, the Sobel operator is used
commonly. The Sobel operator is a classic first order edge
detection operator, computing an approximation of the
gradient of the image intensity function. At each point in
the image, the result of the Sobel operator is the
corresponding norm of this gradient vector. The Sobel
operator only considers the two orientations which are
0and 90convolution kernels. The operator uses the two


kernels which are convolved with the original image to
calculate approximations of the gradient. The two
convolution kernels are designed to respond maximally to
edges running vertically and horizontally relative to the
pixel grid, one kernel for each of the two perpendicular
orientations.
The kernels can be applied separately to the input
image, to produce separate measurements of the gradient
component in each orientation (call these Gx and
Gy).These can then be combined together to find the
absolute magnitude of the gradient at each point. The
gradient magnitude is given by:

G=G
X
2+
G
Y
2
Typically, an approximate magnitude is computed using:
G=G
X
+G
Y

This is much faster to compute. The Sobel operator has the
advantage of simplicity in calculation. But the accuracy is
relatively low because it only used two convolution kernels
to detect the edge of image.

Fig1. Sobel edge detection.

(a) Input image

(b) Edge Detection Image
Fig2. Results for sobel edge detection.

Disadvantages:
The disadvantages of these cross operators are
sensitivity to the noise, in the detection of the edges and
their orientations. The increase in the noise to the image
will eventually degrade the magnitude of the edges. The
major disadvantage is the inaccuracy, as the gradient
magnitude of the edges decreases. Most probably the
accuracy also decreases.

II. PROPOSED SYSTEM
The Canny edge detection algorithmis known to many
as the optimal edge detector.. The first and most
obvious is low error rate. It is important that edges
occurring in images should not be missed and that


there be NO responses to non-edges. The second
criterion is that the edge points be well localized. In
other words, the distance between the edge pixels as
found by the detector and the actual edge is to be at a
minimum. The gradient array is now further reduced
by hysteresis. Hysteresis is used to track along the
remaining pixels that have not been suppressed.
Hysteresis uses two thresholds and if the magnitude is
below the first threshold, it is set to zero. If the
magnitude is above the high threshold, it is made an
edge. And if the magnitude is between the 2
thresholds, then it is set to zero unless there is a path
fromthis pixel to a pixel with a gradient.

Fig3. Canny edge detection

Advantages of canny edge detection:
1. Using probability for finding error rate
2. Localization and response.
3. Improving signal to noise ratio.
4. Better detection specially in noise conditions
Applications of canny edge detection:
Control the amount of detail which appears in the
edge images.
Suppress noise.
Canny edge detector is adaptable to various
environments.
Canny edge detector has been modified in many
different ways to solve specific problems.
Robot applications.
The brain MR image analysis in the applications
of medicine.

III. Results

(a) Input image

(b) Edge Detection Image
Fig4. Results for canny edge detection.
IV. Conclusion
Xilinx systemgenerator has a unique hardware in
the loop co-simulation feature that allows designers to
greatly accelerate simulation while simultaneously
verifying the design in hardware.


The implemented canny edge detector architecture using
low cost available Spartan 3 development system with
Xilinx chip XC3S200 has 50MHz maximumfrequency .it
detects the noise images and which can be computed in a
short, fixed amount of time for any desired amount of
smoothing.
VI. REFERENCES
[1] R. Gonzalaz, R. Woods, Digital Image Processing.
New Jersey: Prentice-Hall 2002.
[2] DSP SystemGenerator User guide release 12.1.
[3] Xilinx SystemGenerator Users Guide,
www.Xilinx.com.
[4] Mat lab website, http:// www.mathworks.com.
[5] White paper: Using SystemGenerator for Systematic
HDL Design, Verification, and Validation WP283 (v1.0)
J anuary 17, 2008

S.RAVI born in Nemalladinne,
A.P, India in 1990. He received B.Tech Degree in
Electronics&Communication Engg. FromJ.N.T.University,
Anantapur, India. Presently he is pursuing M.Tech (VLSI
S.D.) from Annamacharya Institute of Technology &
Sciences, Rajampet, A.P., India. His research interests
include Biomedical engineering, Image Processing and
Communication Systems.

B Abdul Rahim born in
Guntakal, A.P, India in 1969.
He received the B.E in
Electronics & Communication
Engineering from Gulbarga
University in 1990. M.Tech
(Digital Systems &Computer
Electronics) from J awaharlal Nehru Technological
University in 2004. He is currently working towards Ph.D.
degree fromJ NT University, Anantapur. He has published
papers in international journals and conferences. He is a
member of professional bodies like IEEE, EIE, ISTE,
IACSIT, IAENG etc. His research interests include Fault
Tolerant Systems, Embedded Systems and parallel
processing. He achieved Best Teacher Award for his
services by Lions Club, Rajampet.

Fahimuddin Shaik did his
B. Tech and M.Tech in
Electronics& Communication
Engineering (ECE) fromJ NT
University, Hyderabad, India.
He is currently working
towards a PhD in biomedical image processing at
Rayalaseema University, Kurnool, India. He is an assistant
professor in the Department of ECE at the Annamacharya
Institute of Technology & Sciences (an Autonomous
Institute), in Rajampet, Andhra Pradesh. He is also the
Academic Council Member of the Institute. His research
interests include signal processing, time series analysis, and
biomedical image processing. He has presented many
research papers at national and international conferences.
He ha s authored a book MEDICAL IMAGING IN
DIABETES, VOL 1- A Technical Approach,
Cinnamonteal Publishing, December 2011.

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International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) Volume 4 Issue 10 - Oct 2013

ISSN: 2231-5381 http://www.ijettjournal.org Page 4657

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