Grade 8 English Math

Quadratic equation
Jackie.Zhou
Yantai Yew Wah International School
[email protected]
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 English Math Quadratic equation 1 / 15
Identity: an expression with = sign
1 + 3 = 4, x = 1,

9 = 3, x
2
1 = 8, 2x y = 3
Equations: an identity with unknowns
Tell whether it is an equation or not
2x 4 = 8, 5 2 = 3, y = 3x 2, x
2
1 = 0, 64 38 +x
Quadratic equation: an equation with degree 2
x
2
= 1, x
2
+y
2
= 1, xy = 6, 2x
2
5x + 2 = 0, 2x xy + 2y = 0
Quadratic equation with one unknow: ax
2
+ bx + c = 0(a = 0)
Eg1. If (a 3)x
a
2
7
+ 2ax 4 = 0 is a quadratic equation, nd the value
of a.
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 English Math Quadratic equation 2 / 15
Eg2. Tell whether it is a quadratic equation.
(1) 3x(x + 2) = 4(x 1) + 7 (2) (2x + 3)
2
= (x + 1)(4x 1)
1. A man want to walk into a door with a stick, the stick is 2m longer
than the width of the door when he tried horizontally, the stick is 4 m
longer than the height of the door when he tried vertically. The stick was
exactly tted when he tried the diagonal way. Find the length of this stick.
2. Rewrite equation (3x + 2)
2
= 2(x 3)
2
into general form.
3. Find the condition of k such that (k 2)x
2
+2(k +1)x +2k 1 = 0 is
a quadratic equation.
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 English Math Quadratic equation 3 / 15
4. Built an equation: there is a rectangular shape paper whose area is
54cm
2
, if this paper is cut o 5cm on its length and 2cm on its width, we
will get a squared shape paper. Find the length of the square.
5. Built an equation: There are three successive integers, they multiple
each other and the sum is 242, what are these three numbers?
6. Built an equation: There are ve successive integers, the sum of
squares for the rst three number equals to the sum of squares for the last
two numbers, what are these ve integers?
7. Built an equation: The length of a rectangle is 2 meters longer than
its width, if the area is 120m
2
, what are its length and width respectively?
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 English Math Quadratic equation 4 / 15
Solving by completing the square
Try to solve the following equations
x
2
9 = 0 4x
2
7 = 0 (x 2)
2
= 9
Eg1. Solve equation: x
2
+ 6x + 9 = 25
Sol: (x + 3)
2
= 5
2
by taking square root, we have x + 3 = 5
which gives x
1
= 2, x
2
= 8
1. Solve the equations.
(1) 49x
2
= 25 (2) 0.01x
2
0.25 = 0 (3) (x + 1)
2
= 16
(4) 3x
2
6 = 0 (5) 4(x + 3)
2
= 9 (6) x
2
2x + 1 = 4
Key: to get A
2
= B(B 0)
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 English Math Quadratic equation 5 / 15
(x y)
2
= x
2
2xy + y
2
x
2
+ 12x + = (x + 6)
2
x
2
4x + = (x )
2
x
2
+ 8x + = (x + )
2
Eg2. Solve equation x
2
+ 8x 9 = 0
Sol: x
2
+ 8x + (
8
2
)
2
(
8
2
)
2
9 = 0
i.e., (x + 4)
2
= 4
2
+ 9 = 25
By taking square root, we have x + 4 = 5
Thus x
1
= 1, x
2
= 9.
This method is called solving by completing the square.
1. (1) x
2
+4x + = (x + )
2
(2) x
2
10x + = (x )
2
(3) x
2
+x + = (x + )
2
(4) x
2
3x + = (x )
2
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 English Math Quadratic equation 6 / 15
Completing the square: ax
2
+ bx + c = 0(a = 0)
If a = 1, then divided by a: x
2
+
b
a
x +
c
a
= 0
Add one more term to get a square: x
2
+
b
a
x +(
b
2a
)
2
(
b
2a
)
2
+
c
a
= 0
Simplify: (x +
b
2a
)
2
=
b
2
4ac
4a
2
Take square root: x +
b
2a
=

b
2
4ac
2a
The solutions to equation ax
2
+bx +c = 0(a = 0) are
x
1
=
b+

b
2
4ac
2a
x
2
=
b

b
2
4ac
2a
This method is called solving by formular.
1. Solve the equations by completing the squares.
(1) x
2
+ 12x + 25 = 0 (2) x
2
+ 4x = 10
(3) x
2
6x = 11 (4) 3x
2
+ 8x 3 = 0
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 English Math Quadratic equation 7 / 15
2. Solve the equations by formular.
(1) x
2
7x 18 = 0 (2) 2x
2
+ 5x + 2 = 0
(3) 2x
2
+ 3x = 2 (4) 35x + 2 = 3x
2
(5) (x + 1)(3x 1) = 1 (6) x
2
+ 3 = 2

3x
3. The multiplication of two successive odd numbers is 323, what are
these two numbers.
4. There are two squares A and B whose side length are a and b
respectively, a is 4cm longer than half of b, the area of square B is 32cm
2
less than twice of the area of square A. Find the side length a and b.
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 English Math Quadratic equation 8 / 15
ax
2
+ bx + c = 0 = (ax +
b
2a
)
2
=
b
2
4ac
4a
2
b
2
4ac > 0, two dierent solutions
x
1
=
b+

b
2
4ac
2a
, x
2
=
b

b
2
4ac
2a
b
2
4ac = 0, two equal solutions x
1
= x
2
=
b
2a
b
2
4ac < 0, no real solution.
= b
2
4ac is called the discriminant of quadratic equation
ax
2
+bx +c = 0(a = 0).
Eg3. Determine the number of solutions for each of the followings.
(1) 2x
2
+x 4 = 0 (2) 4y
2
+ 9 = 12y (3) 5(t
2
+ 1) 6t = 0
(4) x
2
= 3(2x 3) (5) t
2
+ 3 = 2

2t (6) x(2x 5) = 4
1. Equation x
2
ax +a + 3 has only one solution, nd the value of a.
2. Equation x
2
+ (m+ 1)x + (m2)
2
= 0 has two equal solutions, nd
the value of m, and hence nd the solution to this equation.
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 English Math Quadratic equation 9 / 15
When ax
2
+bx +c = 0(a = 0) has two solutions
x
1
=
b+

b
2
4ac
2a
, x
2
=
b

b
2
4ac
2a
Then x
1
+x
2
=
b+

b
2
4ac
2a
+
b

b
2
4ac
2a
=
b
a
x
1
x
2
=
b+

b
2
4ac
2a

b

b
2
4ac
2a
=
c
a
Check the result with equations
x
2
+ 5x + 6 = 0(2, 3), x
2
4x + 3 = 0(1, 3), 2x
2
x 1 = 0(1,
1
2
)
If x
1
, x
2
are two solutions of ax
2
+ bx + c = 0(a = 0)
x
1
+x
2
=
b
a
x
1
x
2
=
b
a
Eg4. One solution to equation 3x
2
4x + 2m1 = 0 is
2
3
, nd the
other solution and the value of m.
Sol. Assume the other solution is x
1
, then
x
1
+ (
2
3
) =
b
a
=
4
3
which gives x
1
= 2
(
2
3
) 2 =
c
a
=
2m1
3
which gives m =
3
2
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 English Math Quadratic equation 10 / 15
1. Without solving equations, give the sum and multiplication of its two
solutions.
(1) x
2
3x + 1 = 0 (2) 2x
2
9x + 5 = 0
(3) 4x
2
7x = 1 (4) 2x
2
+ 3x = 0
2. Without substitution, tell whether the two numbers in the bracket are
the solutions or not.
(1) x
2
5x + 4 = 0 (1, 4) (2) x
2
6x + 7 = 0 (1, 7)
(3) 2x
2
3x + 1 = 0 (
1
2
, 1) (4) 3x
2
+ 5x 2 = 0 (
1
3
, 2)
3. One solution to 5x
2
+kx + 2k = 0 is
1
2
, nd the other solution and the
value of k.
4. One solution to 2x
2
+ (k + 1)x +k + 2 = 0 is
1
2
, nd the other
solution and the value of k.
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 English Math Quadratic equation 11 / 15
The square of a number equals to three times of this number. We will all
get x
2
= 3x
Student A: From x
2
3x = 0 , we have x =
3

9
2
Therefore, x
1
= 3, x
2
= 0
Student B: Divide x on both side for x
2
= 3x, we have x = 3
Student C: x
2
3x = 0, i.e., x(x 3) = 0
Therefore, x
1
= 3, x
2
= 0
If a b = 0, then a = 0 or b = 0
The method of student C is solving by factorisation: factorize the
equation into A B = 0, both A and B are linear, then A = 0 or B = 0.
Eg1. Solve (1) 5x
2
= 4x (2) x 2 = x(x 2)
Sol.(1) x(5x 4) = 0 which gives x = 0 or 5x 4 = 0
Which means x
1
= 0, x
2
=
4
5
(2) (x 2) x(x 2) = 0, i.e., (x 2)(1 x) = 0
Therefore x 2 = 0 or 1 x = 0
Which means x
1
= 2, x
2
= 1
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 English Math Quadratic equation 12 / 15
a
2
b
2
= (a + b)(a b) x
2
2xy + y
2
= (x y)
2
1. Solve the equations.
(1) (x + 2)(x 4) = 0 (2) 4x(2x + 1) = 3(2x + 1)
(3) (2x + 3)
2
= 4(2x + 3) (4) 2(x 3)
2
= x
2
9
(5) (x 2)
2
= (2x + 3)
2
(6) (x 2)(x 3) = 12
2. Twice of the square of a number equals to 7 times of this number, nd
this number.
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 English Math Quadratic equation 13 / 15
3. A 4cm4cm square was cut o from each corner of a squared shape
paper, then fold it to get a cuboid, the capacity is 400cm
3
, nd the side
length for the original square.
4. A supermarket can sell 20 pieces of jackets one day and make prot 44
kuai from every jacket. If the price for each jacket is decreased by 1 kuai,
5 more jackets will be sold. If we want to make prot 1600 kuai every day,
how many kuai do we need to decrease?
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 English Math Quadratic equation 14 / 15
5. As in the graph, A is a marine base, island B is 200km distance to A
at South, island C is 200km distance to B at east, island D is in the
middle of AC, there is another island F on BC and at the South of island
D. A warship travels from A to C via B, in the same time, a supply boat
sets o from D.
(1) Find the distance between D and F
(2) The velocity of warship is twice of the
velocity of supply boat, they meet at point
E, how long has supply ship travelled?
6. In Rt

ACB, C = 90

, person P, Q walks from A, B to C at speed

PCQ is half of the area of

ACB?
Jackie.Zhou (YWIES) Grade 8 English Math Quadratic equation 15 / 15