GITIMH3 94107 Describing Motion II Page 1

Introduction
14/10/98
For The Beginning Topic See Describing Motion I

Components of Vectors:
 The affect of the original vector in particular direction
 Component vector is smaller then the original vector
 
Equation: x = v .cos 

x = Component vector

v = Original vector
 = Angle between them

E.g. What’s the NW component of a vector 14.4 North

14.4
45

x


x = 14.4  cos 45
 10.1

Relative Velocity:
 When two objects A and B are in motion, velocity of object A relative to that of B.
 To find relative velocity add the negative of velocity of B to the velocity of A
(Subtracting Vectors)
  
Equation: v A rel B = v A  v B

v A rel B = The velocity of A relative to B (m.s-1)

v A = Velocity of A (m.s-1)

v B = Velocity of B (m.s-1)

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Projectile Motion
16/10/98
Motion:
 The path of the object fits the mathematical function known as a parabola
 The maximum range is achieved by firing an object at 45

‘X’ & ‘Y’ Components of the Initial Velocity

   
Equation: u y = u .sin  & u x = u .cos 

u = Initial fired velocity (m.s-1)
 = Initial fired angle

u y = Initial vertical velocity (m.s-1)

u x = Initial horizontal velocity (m.s-1)

Proof:

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‘Y’ Component:

u . sin 
Equation: ty = 
g
ty = Vertical time = Time to top or time to bottom (s)

u = Initial fired velocity (m.s-1)
 = Initial fired angle

g = Gravity (m.s-2)

Proof:
 
u y = u .sin …(1)

vy = 0 …(2)
 
ay =  g …(3)
  
v y = u y + a y .ty …(4)
Sub (1), (2) & (3) into (4):


0 = u .sin + ( g ).ty

u . sin 
 ty = 
g


 u 2 . sin 2 
Equation: sy = 
g

s y = Vertical displacement (m)

u = Initial fired velocity (m.s-1)
 = Initial fired angle

g = Gravity (m.s-2)

Proof:
 
u y = u .sin …(1)

vy = 0 …(2)
 
ay =  g …(3)
 2  2  
v y = u y + 2. a y . s y …(4)
Sub (1), (2) & (3) into (4):
  
0 = u 2 .sin2  + 2.( g ). s y

 u 2 . sin 2 
 s y= 
g

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‘X’ Component:

2.u . sin 
Equation: tx = 
g
tx = Horizontal time = To top then to bottom = Total time = t (s)

u = Initial fired velocity (m.s-1)
 = Initial fired angle

g = Gravity (m.s-2)

Proof:
Time to top or time to bottom:

u . sin 
ty = 
g
Total time up then down:

2.u . sin 
ty = tx = 
g


 u 2 . sin 2 
Equation: sx = 
g

s x = Horizontal displacement = Range (m)

u = Initial fired velocity (m.s-1)
 = Initial fired angle

g = Gravity (m.s-2)

Proof:
 
u x = u .cos  …(1)
 
v x = u .cos  …(2)

ax = 0 …(3)

2.u . sin 
tx =  …(4)
g
  
s x = u x .tx + ½. a x .tx2 …(5)
Sub (1), (2), (3) & (4) into (5):

 u 2 .2. sin . cos 
sx = 
g

 u 2 . sin 2 
 sx = 
g

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Uniform Circular Motion

19/10/98
 Caused by a force being applied to an object’s momentum so that the force is always
at right angles to the momentum of the object.


v

Fc
r

Angular Velocity:
 The rate at which angular displacement changes.

Equation: =
t
 = Angular velocity (rad.s-1)
 = Angle (rad)
t = Time (s)

Period of Rotation:
 Time for one revolution
2.
Equation: T=

T = Period (s)
 = Angular velocity (rad.s-1)

Proof:

Since  = :
t
 = 360 = 2. …(1)
One revolution is denoted as T …(2)
Sub (1) & (2) into equation:
2.
 T=


Frequency:
 Number of revolutions in a second
1
Equation: f =
T
f = Frequency (Hz)
T = Period (s)

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
Equation: f=
2.
f = Frequency (Hz)
 = Angular velocity (rad.s-1)

Instantaneous Velocity:
 Tangent to the circle

Equation: v = r.

v = Instantaneous velocity (m.s-1)
r = Radius (m)
 = Angular velocity (rad.s-1)

Centripetal Force & Acceleration:

 The acceleration (therefore Force) at a point on the circle in the direction; towards
the centre.
 
Equation: Fc = m. a c

Fc = Centripetal force (N)
m = Mass (kg)

a c = Centripetal acceleration (m.s-1)


 v2
Equation: ac =
r

a c = Acceleration towards the centre (m.s-2)

v = Velocity (m.s-1)
r = Radius (m)

Equation: a c = r.2

a c = Acceleration towards the centre (m.s-2)
r = Radius (m)
 = Angular velocity (rad.s-1)

Proof:
Since:

 v2
ac = …(1)
r
And:

v = r. …(2)
Sub (2) into (1):

 a c = r.2

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