International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2013 1

ISSN 2250-3153
www.ijsrp.org
Modeling and Simulation of Frequency Converter
Used In Speed Control of Asynchronous Motor
Ankit Kumar Jain
*
, Gutta Krishna Chaitanya
**
, Vaddi Ajay Kumar
**


*
EEE , KL University, India
**
ECE , KL University, India

Abstract- Controlling the speed of the Induction Motor is very
essential in todays industry. Conventionally Gear box is used for
speed control which consumes more energy. This Paper presents
the Modeling and Simulation of frequency converter used for
speed control of asynchronous motor through digital approach
which has high reliability and energy conservation by using
MATLAB/ SimulinkTM. The Frequency Converter is mainly
used as variable frequency source to adjust the speed of
asynchronous motors. The Frequency Converter circuit consists
of three-phase Rectifier, IGBT module, DC link and the three
phase inverter. The Transistor three-phase inverter converts the
DC voltage into variable voltage and variable frequency (VVVF)
power source. The commonly used Capacitors bank is replaced
by the LC filter. The Inductor and the capacitor are used to
reduce switching stresses so that during power up the voltage
source inverter is protected by the inrush currents. The circuit is
simulated and output results are obtained.

I ndex Terms- Asynchronous Motor, Pulse Width Modulation
(PWM), MATLAB/SimulinkTM, variable voltage and variable
frequency (VVVF) power source

I. INTRODUCTION
he three phase asynchronous motors are the primary movers
in all the industrial applications in each stage of processing
and manufacturing. Generally these asynchronous motors are
implemented due to low cost and reliability. This converter
transforms fixed frequency of power line into constant DC
voltage via diode three-phase rectifier. Then the inverter converts
fixed frequency of power line into variable voltage and variable
frequency (VVVF) power source. A VVVF AC drive is a power
electronic controller used to control the speed of 3hp AC motors
(synchronous or induction) by varying the frequency and the
voltage applied to the motor terminals.

Moreover this converter can keep high power factor and it
greatly reduces the interference of variable frequency supply to
the network power line. The project is simulated using
MATLAB/ SimulinkTM by using different components such as
three-phase rectifier, DC link and the IGBT module which
constitute the inverter operation. The inverter has to produce a
motor current within acceptable level of current ripple, which
should be lower than 5%for most of the applications. A
MOSFET can be employed for low power (up to a bound of few
KWs) and work efficiently up to 50 KHz. This handles low
inductance up to few hundred H. In order to sustain high power
levels such as tens of kWs, IGBT modules are used as switching
devices and can switch up to 20 kHz. These are available in two-
or six-pack modules. The modulation technique used here is the
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM).

II. PROTOTYPE MODELLING

The prototype mainly constitutes of Three-phase Rectifier,
Inverter DC link, Three-phase Inverter and asynchronous motor.
The design aspect consists of:

A. Three Phase Rectifier

Rectifiers are often found serving as components of DC power
supply and high-voltage direct current power transmission
system. The input three phase voltage (1)-(3) are given below:

() (1)
(

) (2)
(

) (3)

Where the Vsp, Vsq, Vsr are the input voltages to the three phase
rectifier with magnitude Vs and angular frequency and the
above equations can be approximated to

VpnVpn1=Vpeak ( ) (4)
VqnVqn1=Vpeak (

) (5)
Vrn Vrn1= Vpeak (

) (6)

Where Vpeak = (4)/ () (Vo/2+ Vd) and Vo is the constant-
voltage output of the rectifier and is the phase angle between
each voltage source (Vsp; Vsq; Vsr) and their line-to-neutral
voltages are Vpn, Vqn, Vrn for each phase. From the above
given (4)-(6) equations the current equations can be as (7)-(9) as
shown below and the phase currents will have the form

=Is1 ( ) (7)
=Is1 (

) (8)
=Is1 (

) (9)

The line-to-neutral voltages Vpn1, Vqn1, Vrn1 are in phase with
their respective line currents ia1, ib1, and ic1.The phasor of the
line current in phase a is given by:
T
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2013 2
ISSN 2250-3153
www.ijsrp.org

Ia =

()

()

( )
= Is1

(10)
The average and root-mean-square output voltages of an ideal
single-phase full-wave rectifier are:

For a three-phase full-wave rectifier the average output voltage is

=
()

Where:
= firing angle of the thyristor (0 if diodes are used to perform
rectification)
The rectifier is modeled with the following parameters:

Table 1: rectifier parameters
No of Bridges 3
Snubber Resistance 100
Snubber Capacitance 0.1e-6 F
Device used Diodes
Forward Voltage 0.8V
Ron 1e-3



B. DC Link
An AC-AC converter with approximately sinusoidal input
currents and bidirectional power flow can be realized by
coupling a rectifier and a PWM inverter to the DC-link. The DC-
link quantity is then impressed by an energy storage element that
is common to both stages, which is a capacitor C for the voltage
DC-link or an inductor L for the current DC-link.
Due to the DC-link storage element, there is the advantage
that both converter stages are to a large extent decoupled for
control purposes. Furthermore, a constant, AC line independent
input quantity exists for the PWM inverter stage, which results in
high utilization of the converters power capability. On the other
hand, the DC-link energy storage element has a relatively large
physical volume, and when electrolytic capacitors are used, in
the case of a voltage DC-link, there is potentially a reduced
system lifetime. The large electrolytic capacitors can be replaced
by the LC Filter. During the switching of the inverter the higher
order harmonics are removed by the LC Filter.

The LC Filter costs up to one sixth of the electrolytic
capacitor bank and also occupies less space. Another advantage
of the LC Filter circuit is that it shields the Voltage source
inverter from current inrush during power up. When the DC link
current is continuous and if U is the RMS value of line-to-line
voltage of mains then the DC link voltage will be the solution of
equation (11):

(11)


The DC link is modeled with the following parameters:
Table2: DC link parameter
Inductance 200e-6 H
Capacitance 4700e-6 F



C. Three-Phase Inverter

After the signal is rectified the energy is stored in the DC
link inductors for the current source inverter and the DC link
capacitor for the voltage source inverter. The IGBT of the
inverter bridge takes the energy in the form of the DC mode and
has to deliver the sinusoidal wave to the induction motor. The
speed of the motor is controlled by the fundamental components
frequency of this AC waveform.

The prototype of the inverter is shown in Figure1 below:


Figure1: Inverter Block Diagram

The line-to-line voltage of the output of the inverter can be
expressed as:
[ ()

()

(12)

The Three-phase Inverter is modeled with the following
parameters:
Table3: Three phase inverter parameter
Bridges 3
Snubber Resistance 1e5
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2013 3
ISSN 2250-3153
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Snubber Capacitance
Device used IGBT/Diodes
Ron 0.2e-3
Tf(s), Tt(s) 1e-6,2e-6

III. OPERATING PRINCIPLE
The inverter is fed by a dc voltage and has three phase-legs
each consisting of two transistors and two diodes. With PWM
control, the switches of the inverter are controlled based on a
comparison of a sinusoidal control signal and a triangular
switching signal. The sinusoidal control waveform establishes
the desired fundamental frequency of the inverter output, while
the triangular waveform establishes the switching frequency of
the inverter. The ratio between the frequencies of the triangle
wave and the sinusoid is referred to as the modulation frequency
ratio. The switches of the phase legs are controlled based on the
following comparison is shown in Figure2:

Figure 2: Switching of Transistors in inverter
In most instances the magnitude of the triangle wave is held
fixed. The amplitude of the inverter output voltages is therefore
controlled by adjusting the amplitude of the sinusoidal control
voltages.
The ratio of the amplitude of the sinusoidal waveforms
relative to the amplitude of the triangle wave is the amplitude
modulation ratio. The diodes provide paths for current when a
transistor is gated on but cannot conduct the polarity of the load
current. For example, if the load current is negative at the instant
the the upper transistor is gated on, the diode in parallel with the
upper transistor will conduct until the load current becomes
positive at which time the upper transistor will begin to conduct.
By controlling the switches in this manner, the line-line
inverter output voltages are ac, with a fundamental frequency
corresponding to the frequency of the sinusoidal control
voltage. In most instances the magnitude of the triangle wave is
held fixed. The amplitude of the inverter output voltages is
therefore controlled by adjusting the amplitude of the sinusoidal
control voltages. The output waveforms are shown below in
figure.3:

Figure 3: Waveforms of three-phase sine PWM inverter
When v
control
> v
tri
, V
A0
= V
dc
/2


When
vcontrol
< v
tri
, V
A0
= -V
dc
/2
Where V
AB
= V
A0
V
B0

V
BC
= V
B0
V
C0

V
CA
= V
C0
V
A0

The gating sequence is shown below in Figure4:

V
A
0
V
B
0
V
C
0
V
A
B
V
B
C
V
C
A
t
vtri va
vb
vc
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2013 4
ISSN 2250-3153
www.ijsrp.org
Figure.4: Waveforms of gating signals, switching sequence, line
to negative voltages
The switching sequence is shown in Figure5:

Figure 5: Six inverter voltage vectors
The output of the inverter is the PWM signal in the form of the
square wave. This square wave constitutes voltages Vab, Vbc,
Vac which are given by the equations (13) and (14).

( () ())

()

()

) (

) (

(13)

(14)
The voltage between the output terminals a and c is given by:

(15)
IV. SIMULATION RESULTS
The circuit consists of rectifier, DC link, three phase
inverter and an asynchronous motor connected to the output of
the three phase inverter which is used to drive the motor. The
whole circuit is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink and the
respective circuit diagram and the waveforms are visualized in
the below figures.
International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2013 5
ISSN 2250-3153
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Figure 6: Proposed Circuit diagram

Figure 7 :a) one Input waveform of three-phase
b) DC link output

Figure 8: a) Inverter output b) Load output

Figure 9: a) Rotor Current b) Stator Current

International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2013 6
ISSN 2250-3153
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Figure 10: Electromechanical Torque (N.M)

V. CONCLUSION
This paper presents the modeling of the circuit which can be
used in Frequency Converters. The circuit described above has
been simulated using MATLAB/Simulink and the output graphs
such as voltage at the inverter, voltage at the load, Rotor current,
Stator current and the Torque waveform are obtained and which
are in sync with the desired output. This circuit eliminates the use
of large electrolytic capacitors by using LC filter for lower input
and output distorted currents. This circuit uses IGBT which have
better input and output characteristics than BJT. This circuit can
be used in Frequency converters which are generally used in
different Industrial applications to cater operations such as
Grinding.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors are truly grateful to Mr..M Sridhar and
D.Srinivasan for their valuable suggestions in reviewing the
manuscript.
REFERENCES

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for switching power amplifiers. IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, 8(4):673
679, October 1993.
[3] Nabae, I. Takahashi, and H. Akagi, A New Neutral-point Clamped PWM
inverter, IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., vol. IA-17, pp. 518-523, Sept./Oct.
1981.
[4] J. Shen, A.D Mansell , and J.A Taufiq.: Simplified analysis and design of a
PWM converter system for a 3-phase traction drive. Railtech 94 record,
(C478/6/043).
[5] J. Zhang, High performance control of a three level IGBT inverter fed ac
drive,.Conf Rec. of IEEE IAS Annual Meeting, 1995, pp. 22-28.
[6] Frank M. Flinders, Peter J. Wolfs, and Ken C. Kwong. Improved techniques
for switching power amplifiers. IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, 8(4):673
679, October 1993.
[7] P. D. Ziogas. The delta modulation technique in static PWM inverters.
IEEE Trans Industrial Applications, IA-17(2):199204, March 1981.
AUTHORS
First Author Ankit Kumar Jain, Student, KL University
[email protected].
Second Author Gutta Krishna Chaitanya, Student,
KL University, [email protected].
Third Author Vaddi Ajay Kumar, Student, KL University

Correspondence Author Ankit Kumar Jain,
[email protected], [email protected],
+919848650002.