Supplementary Materials

for

Mathematics 314
568-314
Algebra
(Objectives 1.1 & 1.2)

Answer Key

Prepared by the following teachers with funding from a

PEOPT grant from the MEQ:
Linda Carré, Richelieu Valley Regional High School
Howard Pasoff, Centennial Regional High School
Ursula Price, St. Johns High School
Michael Supino, Chambly County High School
Project Coordinator: Carolyn Gould
Layout and Design: Heather Hopkins
 I. Interpreting Graphs
Activity 1
The people below are waiting in line for a bus.

Agatha Barbara Katy Clement Hugh Lise Felix

Each person that you see is represented by a point on the graph below.
Write the name of the person that each point represents.

1. Clement
2. Agatha
3. Lise
4. Barbara
5. Hugh
6. Katy
7. Felix

Language of Functions and Graphs, Shell Centre for Mathematical Education / Joint Matriculation
Board. University of Nothingham, 1986. p. 222
Interpreting Graphs Activity 1 continued

2. Caroline is getting ready to take a bath. The graph below shows what
happens from the moment she turns on the taps to when the bathtub
is empty.

Analyze the graph to see if you can explain what is going on. Then
complete the table on the following page.

Explanations may vary. See next page for one explanation.

Stress the use of the terminology “rate of change” rather than the word
“slope” at the Secondary III level.
 180 The volume of water rises at an
7 180 = 25.7
70 average rate of 25.7 L/min.
From C to D,
Interpreting Graphs Activity 1 continued

she turns off 0 The volume of water remains

2 0 =0
the tap. 2 constant.
The volume of water decreases
1 at an average rate of 10 L/min.
Caroline
relaxes in the 0 The volume of water remains
6 0 =0 constant.
bathtub for 6 6
minutes.
Caroline pulls The volume of water decreases
210
the plug. 5 –210 = –42 at an average rate of 42 L/min.
5
Interpreting Graphs Activity 1 continued

3. A young child’s swimming pool has a cylindrical shape. A hose is left

running into the pool at a constant rate. Which of the three graphs
below best shows how the depth of the water in the wading pool
changes with time?
Dept

Dept

Dept
h

h
Time Time Time
√

4. A water goblet has a shape like the one

shown. It is placed under a tap with water
running at a constant rate.

(a) Which of the three graphs best shows how the height of the
water in the goblet changes with time?

(b) Compare this with your answer to the question above. Discuss
what is different about the two situations. Eg. Because the
goblet is narrower at the bottom, the water rises more
quickly at the beginning.
Dept

Dept

Dept
h

Time Time Time

√
5. On a bleak day in December, John remarks that the number of hours
of daylight is fewer today than on his birthday in July. The amount of
daylight on a given day changes over the year. Draw a graph that
shows the relationship between the number of hours of daylight and
time of year. Your graph should go from January to December. The
graph does not need to be precise. (on next page)
 of
Hours

Daylight

January
February
March
April
May
June
July
The graph does not need to be precise.

August
September
October
November
December
Interpreting Graphs Activity 1 continued

Exploration of Volume and Capacity

6. Using a hose with a constant flow, you fill the containers below with
water. As the time (in seconds) goes by, examine the height of the
water in the containers.

Which graph corresponds to each container?

B D

A C
 II. Dependent and Independent Variables

Introduction: Activity 1
1.

Linda’s Diner

Hamburger.............................. $1.65
Hotdog.....................................$0.89
French Fries............................ $1.29
Bacon & Tomato Sandwich...... $2.29
Soft Drink................................$1.09
Ice Cream................................ $0.99

All taxes included.

One lunch hour Nick decided to go to Linda’s Diner rather than eat in
the school cafeteria. He ordered 2 hamburgers, French fries, ice
cream and a soft drink. What is his total bill?

$6.67

The total bill is dependent on the cost of each item ordered. What
would happen to the total bill if the price for a hamburger was
increased to $2.25?

Answers may vary. “The bill will increase by $1.20.” “The new bill
will be $7.87.” etc.

2. Nick’s teacher, Mr. Olivetti, rushes into the diner with only $5.00 left
in his pocket. List some possible meals which Mr. Olivetti can
purchase. Now his choices are dependent on the amount of money
he has.

Answers will vary.

Note: The roles of the dependent and independent variables may

be reversed depending on the situation. (Eg. parts (b) and (c).)
Dependent and Independent Variables Activity 1 continued

3. When you analyze different situations and you wish to represent

them by using graphs, you must decide which is the independent
variable (the condition which is being controlled in a systematic
fashion by the person who is conducting the experiment) and which
is the dependent variable (the condition being measured).

In the following situations, identify the independent and dependent

variable.

(a) the distance travelled I the wear on the tires D

(b) the length of the lever used I the force needed to lift a rock D

(c) the number of dollars D the number of hours worked I

earned

(d) the position of the needle D the speed of a vehicle I

on a speedometer

(e) the number of days needed D the number of workers I

(f) the number of pizzas D the number of guests I

(g) the cost of a purchase at D the number of hamburgers I

McDonald’s

Note: Some answers may vary depending upon the interpretation of

the situation given by the student.

Eg.: (a) If you travel a longer distance (independent) the wear

on the tires is greater (dependent).

or

If your tires are worn down (independent) you may

drive a shorter distance (dpendent).
 III. Multiple Representations of a Situation

1. You will receive 21 different cards:

7 describing a situation in words

7 displaying a graph
7 presenting a table of values

Group the 3 cards which represent the same situation.

Make sure that all team members agree. If there is a lack of

agreement, what can you do to check your answers?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Note: The following pages should be duplicated, cut and mixed before
being given to the students.

The 8th set of boxes can be used by the students to generate a new
situation.
 The actual distance between x 0 1 4 5 10
two cities and this same
distance represented on a y 0 5 20 25 50
map.
Multiple Representations of a Situation continued

The time required to fill a x 180 288 360 500 720

pool and the size of the pipe
which transports the water. y 8 5 4 2.88 2
The number of chocolate x 0 50 100 500 700
bars left to be sold and the y 500 475 450 250 150
amount of money collected.
The distance travelled by an
object in a free fall and the x 0 1 4 5 10
time it has fallen. y 0 5 80 125 500
 The volume of oil in a tank x 0 5 10 20 25
and the depth of the oil.
y 0 400 800 16002000
Multiple Representations of a Situation continued

The cost of taking a taxi x 0 1 2 3 4

depends on the number of
y 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00
kilometres driven plus an
initial cost.
The cost of taking the metro x 1 2 3 10 ...
is the same regardless of the y 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 ...
distance travelled.
x
y
 IV. Direct and Partial Variation

1. Maria babysits for the family who lives across the street. She charges
$4.00 per hour. She never babysits for more than 10 hours.
(a) Complete the table of values relating to the amount she earns
and the number of hours.

Number of hours (h) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Earnings (E) 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40

Which is the independent variable and which is the dependent

variable?
Indpendent variable is the number of hours and dependent, her
earnings.
(b) Write a rule which describes the relationship between her
earnings (E) the number of hours she babysits (h).
E = 4h (E(h) = 4h)
(c) Draw the graph which represents this situation.

(10, 40)
Earnings ($)

(d)

(c)

$4.00

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Number of Hours
Direct and Partial Variation continued

(d) On New Year’s Eve Maria increases the amount she charges per
hour to $6.00.

Complete the table of values representing this situation.

Number of hours (h) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Earnings (E) 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60

Predict what change, if any, this change in rate of pay will have
on the graph.

Eg. The graph will be steeper.

Using a different colour pencil, draw the graph of this new

situation on the set of axes in part (c).

If her hourly charge was reduced to $2.00 per hour, what effect
would this have on the graph?

Eg. The graph would be less steep or the graph would rise
more slowly.

2. Maria has a second source of income. She delivers catalogues for a

major department store. She earns a fixed amount of $5 plus $1 per
catalogue delivered.

(a) Complete the table of values relating the total amount she earns
and the number of catalogues she delivers.

Number of catalogues (n) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Earnings in $ (E) 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

(b) Write a rule which describes the relationship between her

earnings (E) and the number of catalogues she delivers (n).

E=5+n or E(n) = 5 + n
Direct and Partial Variation continued

(c) Draw the graph which represents this situation. Does it make
sense to join the points in this situation?

30

28

26

24 (e)
22

20 (d)

18
Earnings ($)

16
(c)
14

12

10

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Number of
C l
Direct and Partial Variation continued

(d) If Maria receives an increase in the fixed amount to $10, but the
rate per catalogue remains at $1, predict what effect this change
will have on the graph of the situation.

The graph will start at 10 o the y-axis and rise at the same
rate.

Complete the table of values below and then draw the graph on
the set of axes in part (c). Use a red pencil to draw this graph.

Number of catalogues (n) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Earnings in $ (E) 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Write a rule which describes the relationship between her

earnings (E) and the number of catalogues she delivers (n).

E = 10 + n or E(n) = 10 + n

(e) Suppose the fixed amount is $5 as in part (a), but that Maria now
earns $2 per catalogue delivered. Predict what effect this would
have on the original graph.

The graph will start at 5 on the y-axis and rise more steeply.

Complete a table of values and draw this graph using a green

pencil on the same set of axes.

Number of catalogues (n) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Earnings in $ (E) 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

Write a rule which describes the relationship between her

earnings (E) and the number of catalogues she delivers (n).

E = 5 + 2n or E(n) = 5 +2n
Direct and Partial Variation continued

3. Adam works in a store. His rate of pay is $6.00 per hour.

(a) If he works for twice as many hours, should he earn twice as

much pay?

Yes.

If he works three times as many hours, should he earn three

times as much pay?

Yes.

Complete the table to show the amount he should receive for

different numbers of hours worked:

Number of hours (h) 0 1 2 3 4 5 ... 10 ... 15

Amount earned in $ (A) 0 6 12 18 24 30 ... 60 ... 90

(b) Write in words a rule which relates the amount earned in dollars
to the number of hours worked. Now rewrite the rule using the
symbols A and h. What part of your rule shows Adams’s rate of
pay?

He earns $6 times the number of hours he worked.

A = 6h or A(h) = 6h

The 6 shows the rate of pay.

(c) Adam usually works a 40-hour week. How much money will he
earn?

A = 6 × 40 ´ A = $240. He will earn $240.

(d) One week Adam earned $300. For how many hours did he
work?

A = 6h
300 = 6h
50 = h
He worked for 50 hours.
Direct and Partial Variation continued

4. Joe ordered 20 classical CDs for his store. After the CDs arrived he
sold them at the rate of two per week.

(a) For how many weeks will the supply last?

10 weeks

(b) Complete a table to show the number of CDs (n) there will be
remaining after a number of weeks (w).

Weeks (w) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 10

CDs (n) 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 4 0

(c) What relationship exists between these two variables?

As the number of weeks increases, the number of CDs
decreases.
(d) Write a rule in symbols for the number of CDs in terms of the
number of weeks after the supply arrives.
n = 20 – 2w or n(w) = 20 – 2w
(e) Draw a graph. Would it make sense to join the points on this
graph? Explain your answer.

20
18
number 1 6
of CDs
14
remaining
12
10
8
6
4
2

20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
number of weeks
No. Eg. There can be no fractions of CDs.

(f) Use both your rule and graph to predict how many videos will be
left after 7 weeks. Is it easier to use the rule or the graph in this case?
n(7) = 20 – 2(7)
n(7) = 6
 V. “Not All Relationships are Linear!”

1. Ben is training for an upcoming 10-kilometre race. During each

practice, he has been able to improve his average speed over the 10-
kilometre run.
The following table of values relates his time and average speed
during this training period.

Average Speed (km/h) 3 4 5 6 8 10 15 20

Time (minutes) 200 150 120 100 75 60 40 30

Draw the graph which represents this situation.

Time
(min)
200

100

10

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Average speed (km/h)

Is the graph a straight line?

No. It is a curve.

What happens to the time as the average speed increases?

The time decreases as the average speed increases.

“Not All Relationships are Linear!” continued

2. A seed catalogue has a “package deal” for 8 varieties of seeds for a

vegetable garden. The suggested amount of space needed to grow
these vegetables is 24 m2. If the garden is rectangular, suggest some
possible dimensions for the garden. Use the table below to record
your suggestions.

Width (w) in metres 1 1.5 2 3 4 6 8 12

length (l) in metres 24 16 12 8 6 4 3 2

Draw a graph which represents this situation.

length
in
met r e s

24

16

1 3 6 8 12
width in metres

Is this graph a straight line?

No. It is a curve.

What happens to the length as the width increases?

The length decreases as the width increases.

What happens to the length if the width is doubled? tripled?

If the width is doubled, the length is halved.
If the width is tripled, the length is divided by 3 (or 1/3 the
original).
“Not All Relationships are Linear!” continued

3. Susan is pouring water into a container at a constant rate. She

compares the level of water in cm to the amount of time the water
runs. She records this information in the table below.

Time (s) 0 1 2 3 4 5

Water level (cm) 0 1 4 9 16 25

Draw the graph which represents this situation.

water
level
in cm

20

10

1 2 3 4 5 6
time in seconds

Is the graph a straight line?

No.